Datasets:

bdsaglam

/

musique-raw

like 2

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pakistan Super League", "paragraph_text": "Pakistan Super League (Urdu: پاکستان سپر لیگ ‬ ‎; PSL) is a Twenty20 cricket league, founded in Lahore on 9 September 2015 with five teams and now comprises six teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by investors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Serena Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Serena Wilson (August 8, 1933 – June 17, 2007), often known just as \"Serena\", was a well-known dancer, choreographer, and teacher who helped popularize belly dance in the United States. Serena's work also helped legitimize the dance form and helped it to be perceived as more than burlesque or stripping. Serena danced in clubs in her younger years, opened her own studio, hosted her own television show, founded her own dance troupe, and was the author of several books about belly dance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Longman", "paragraph_text": "Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bankhaus Lampe", "paragraph_text": "Bankhaus Lampe is a private bank in Germany, founded in 1852 and headquartered in Bielefeld. It is wholly owned by the Oetker Group. The bank owns 50% of Universal Investment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Publix", "paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee - owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees. It is considered the largest employee - owned company in the world. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (785), Georgia (186), Alabama (68), South Carolina (58), Tennessee (42), North Carolina (35), and Virginia (8).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Collegian (Houston Baptist University)", "paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the bi-weekly official student publication of Houston Baptist University in Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1963 as a newsletter, and adopted the newspaper format in 1990.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Collegian (Hillsdale College)", "paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the oldest college newspaper in Michigan. The paper's history traces back to 1878, when the Hillsdale Herald was first published. The administration started The Collegian in 1893 as a rival paper to the Herald.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of Old Scotch Collegians", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of Old Scotch Collegians, who are notable former students of Scotch College in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Renaissance Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Renaissance Broadcasting, founded in 1982 by Michael Finkelstein, was a company that owned several UHF television stations, it was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 1997. The company was headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "France-Guyane", "paragraph_text": "France-Guyane is a daily, French-language newspaper headquartered in Cayenne, French Guiana. Founded in 1973, the newspaper is owned by \"French-Antilles\", which is controlled by the Groupe Hersant Média group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bayou City Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Bayou City Broadcasting, LLC is a broadcasting company founded in December 2007 and owned by DuJuan McCoy. The company is based in The Woodlands, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "GKS Górnik 1979 Łęczna", "paragraph_text": "GKS Górnik 1979 Łęczna was a short-lived fan-owned phoenix club founded in 2011 by Górnik Łęczna fans who were unhappy with the name change to GKS Bogdanka. The club eventually changed its name back in 2013 but the fan owned counterpart has continued to operate in amateur football leagues until 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Broadway Federal Bank", "paragraph_text": "The Broadway Federal Bank is a community bank founded in 1946 and based in Los Angeles. As of 2011, it owned and operated three traditional branches and one loan production office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gubernija", "paragraph_text": "Gubernija is a brewery in Lithuania. It is one of the oldest businesses in the world, having been founded in 1665. Gubernija is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius stock exchange. Unlike other Lithuanian breweries, Gubernija has its own pubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nordic Paper", "paragraph_text": "Nordic Paper AS is a Norwegian industrial company, operating in Norway and Sweden. It was founded in 2001 when \"Peterson Scanproof\", a branch of M. Peterson & Søn which consisted of production units in Greåker (formerly owned by Greaker Industrier) and Säffle, was merged with a paper factory in Geithus, owned by Norske Skog Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Logica", "paragraph_text": "Logica was a multinational IT and management consultancy company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. Founded in 1969, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of CGI Group in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Skipton Business Finance", "paragraph_text": "Skipton Business Finance is a UK factoring and Invoice discounting company, founded and based in Skipton, North Yorkshire. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Skipton Building Society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Brett Kearney", "paragraph_text": "Brett Kearney (born 29 September 1983 in Sydney, New South Wales), also known by the nickname of \"BK\", is an Australian professional rugby league footballer formerly with the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, now currently playing for the Collegians in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. A utility back, he has represented Country Origin and previously played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Cronulla.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway", "paragraph_text": "The Grand Duchy of Baden was an independent state in what is now southwestern Germany until the creation of the German Empire in 1871. It had its own state-owned railway company, the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways (\"Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen or G.Bad.St.E.\"), which was founded in 1840. At the time when it was integrated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920, its network had an overall length of about .", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 482757, "question": "The Collegian >> owned by", "answer": "Houston Baptist University", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 12019, "question": "When was #1 founded?", "answer": "1960", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Spy in Black", "paragraph_text": "\"The Spy in Black\" was filmed at Denham Studios, with location shooting at Northchurch Common in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and in Orkney, Scotland. The film wrapped production on 24 December 1938 and was released in the U.K. on 12 August 1939 – 22 days before the country again went to war with Germany. Its American premiere was held in New York City on 5 October of that year, and it went into general release two days later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Thomas Fanshawe, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Fanshawe, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe (1632–1674) of Ware Park, Hertfordshire was an Irish peer and Member of Parliament. He was born to Thomas Fanshawe, 1st Viscount Fanshawe by his second wife Elizabeth Cockayne, the daughter of Sir William Cockayne, who served as the Lord Mayor of London in 1619.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Birth control movement in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Wareside", "paragraph_text": "Wareside is a small village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire District, in the county of Hertfordshire. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census is 735. It is approximately 3 miles away from the town of Ware (from where it probably took its name) and the larger town of Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire. Nearby villages include Widford, Hunsdon, Babbs Green and Bakers End. Nearby hamlets include Cold Christmas and Helham Green. The B1004 linking Ware to Bishop's Stortford goes through the village and the main A10 road can be picked up at Thundridge. Fanhams Hall Road also links Wareside back to Ware. Ware railway station on the Hertford East Branch Line is located two and a half miles away.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "M. Visvesvaraya", "paragraph_text": "Mokshagundam Viswesvarayya was born on 15 September 1861 in Muddenahalli village (now located in Chikkaballapura District, but part of Kolar district at the time of his birth) in the princely state of Mysore (now Karnataka), India. His father, Mokshagundam Srinivasa Sastry, was a school teacher and a noted Sanskrit scholar, while his mother, Venkatalakshamma, was a homemaker. His parents were from Mokshagundam, a village of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dilley sextuplets", "paragraph_text": "The Dilley sextuplets (born May 25, 1993) are the United States' first set of surviving sextuplets, born to Becki and Keith Dilley in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. They are, in birth order;", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hertfordshire", "paragraph_text": "Hertfordshire is the county immediately north of London and is part of the East of England region, a mainly statistical unit. A significant minority of the population across all districts are City of London commuters. To the east is Essex, to the west is Buckinghamshire and to the north are Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Margaret Sanger", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879 -- September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term ``birth control '', opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Filming of the series began at Leavesden Studios, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011. Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming Harry Potter, and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Edgar Anstey", "paragraph_text": "Edgar Anstey (16 February 1907 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 26 September 1987 in London, England), was a leading British documentary film-maker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "East of England", "paragraph_text": "The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Thomas Plumer Halsey", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Plumer Halsey MP (26 January 1815 – 24 April 1854) was a Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire from 1846 to 1854.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Watford Rural", "paragraph_text": "Watford Rural is a civil parish in the Three Rivers District of Hertfordshire, England. Located approximately northwest of central London and adjacent to the Greater London boundary, it is an urbanised parish characterised by suburban residential development. The local council is Watford Rural Parish Council. The parish covers South Oxhey and Carpenders Park, which although part of the Watford urban area, are outside the borough of Watford. The parish was created in 1894 when the ancient Watford parish was split into urban and rural parishes. At the 2001 census it had a population of 20,250.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ralph Trustees Limited", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Trustees Limited is a family run private hotel group based in England with a portfolio of four hotels operating in the four and five star sector. Their hotels include The Grove (Hertfordshire), The Athenaeum (London), The Runnymede (Surrey) and 23 Greengarden House (London).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cyril Dumpleton", "paragraph_text": "Cyril Walter Dumpleton (25 June 1897 – 1 October 1966) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the St Albans division of Hertfordshire from 1945 to 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bengeo Rural", "paragraph_text": "Bengeo Rural is a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 601, increasing at the 2011 Census to 644. The parish includes the villages of Tonwell and Chapmore End.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Demographics of the European Union", "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Barkway", "paragraph_text": "Barkway is a long-established village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England, about five miles south-east of Royston, 35 miles from London and 15 miles from the centre of Cambridge. The Prime Meridian passes a mile or so to the west of Barkway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Untitled (The Birth)", "paragraph_text": "Untitled (The Birth) is a 1938 tempera painting by American artist Jacob Lawrence, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Depicting a scene of childbirth in flat, geometric forms and bright colors, it is very much a product of the Harlem Renaissance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wyddial", "paragraph_text": "Wyddial is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located around a mile and a half north-east of Buntingford (OS grid reference ), and lies due north of Greenwich on the Prime Meridian.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129292, "question": "In which state is Hertfordshire located?", "answer": "East of England", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 160863, "question": "When was #1 birthed?", "answer": "1994", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "PolyGram Filmed Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a British-American film studio founded in 1980 which became a European competitor to Hollywood, but was eventually sold to Seagram Company Ltd. in 1998 and was folded in 1999. Among its most successful and well known films were \"An American Werewolf in London\" (1981), \"Flashdance\" (1983), \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\" (1994), \"Dead Man Walking\" (1995), \"The Big Lebowski\" (1998), \"Fargo\" (1996), \"The Usual Suspects\" (1995), and \"Notting Hill\" (1999).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Fortnite", "paragraph_text": "Fortnite is a co-op sandbox survival game developed by Epic Games and People Can Fly and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid - for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free - to - play release expected in 2018. The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Publishing, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic's launcher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "6 Nimmt!", "paragraph_text": "6 Nimmt! / Take 6! is a card game for 2-10 players designed by Wolfgang Kramer in 1994 and published by Amigo Spiele. The French version is distributed by Gigamic. This game received the \"Deutscher Spiele Preis\" award in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Price Is Right", "paragraph_text": "Endless Games, which in the past has produced board games based on several other game shows, including The Newlywed Game and Million Dollar Password, distributes home versions of The Price Is Right, featuring the voice of Rich Fields, including a DVD edition and a Quick Picks travel - size edition. Ubisoft also released a video game version of the show for the PC, Nintendo DS, and Wii console on September 9, 2008. An updated version of the game (The Price Is Right: 2010 Edition) was released on September 22, 2009. Both versions feature the voice of Rich Fields, who was the show's announcer at the time of the release of the video games in question.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hinterland (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Hinterland is a high fantasy role-playing video game with city-building elements by Tilted Mill Entertainment. It was released on September 30, 2008 on the Steam content delivery system, and has since been made available at other digital distribution websites. Hinterland: Orc Lords, a cumulative expansion, was released to digital distribution and retail in March 2009. As the title suggests, the primary addition to the game was the ability to play as Orc characters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2018 Asian Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Asian Games, officially known as the XVIII Asiad, is the largest sporting event in Asia governed by Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). It was held at Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia between 18 August -- 2 September 2018, with 465 events in 40 sports and disciplines featured in the Games. This resulted in 465 medal sets being distributed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nemrem", "paragraph_text": "Nemrem, known as Zengage in North America and Somnium in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Skip Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DSi's DSiWare digital distribution service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Day of Defeat: Source", "paragraph_text": "Day of Defeat: Source is a team-based online first-person shooter multiplayer video game developed by Valve Corporation. Set in World War II, the game is a remake of \"Day of Defeat\". It was updated from the GoldSrc engine used by its predecessor to the Source engine, and a remake of the game models. The game was released for Microsoft Windows on September 26, 2005, distributed through Valve's online content delivery service Steam. Retail distribution of the game was handled by Electronic Arts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_text": "The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8 - bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. The best - selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now - standard business model of licensing third - party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute titles for Nintendo's platform. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nintendo", "paragraph_text": "Nintendo's first venture into the video gaming industry was securing rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan in 1974. Nintendo began to produce its own hardware in 1977, with the Color TV - Game home video game consoles. Four versions of these consoles were produced, each including variations of a single game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featured six versions of Light Tennis).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kakuto Chojin: Back Alley Brutal", "paragraph_text": "Kakuto Chojin: Back Alley Brutal (Kakuto Chojin for short), known in Japan as , is a fighting game for the Xbox gaming console published in 2002 by Microsoft Game Studios. The game was the sole product of developer Dream Publishing, a studio created from members of Dream Factory and Microsoft. It was originally created as a tech demo to show off the graphic capabilities of the Xbox, before the decision was made to turn it into a full game. A few months after its release, \"Kakuto Chojin\" was pulled from distribution amidst controversy surrounding the religious content featured in the game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Third quarterback rule", "paragraph_text": "The third quarterback rule was a rule in the National Football League that governed the use of a third quarterback in addition to the starter and the backup. The rule was abolished for the 2011 season, when the NFL increased the roster size to allow 46 players to dress for a game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Ball Game", "paragraph_text": "The Ball Game is an 1898 American short black-and-white silent documentary sports film produced and distributed by Edison Manufacturing Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Flock!", "paragraph_text": "Flock! (stylized as FLOCK!) is a puzzle video game developed by Proper Games and published by Capcom for Windows, PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade. It was released for Microsoft Windows on April 7, 2009 through Steam and Stardock's digital distribution service Impulse, Xbox Live Arcade on April 8, 2009 and PlayStation Network on April 9, 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pokémon Conquest", "paragraph_text": "Pokémon Conquest, known in Japan as , is a tactical role-playing video game developed by Tecmo Koei, published by The Pokémon Company and distributed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. The game is a crossover between the \"Pokémon\" and \"Nobunaga's Ambition\" video game series. The game was released in Japan on March 17, 2012, in North America on June 18, 2012, and in Europe on July 27, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Smashing Drive", "paragraph_text": "Smashing Drive is a racing video game developed and published by Gaelco and distributed by Namco. The game was first released in arcades in 2000 and was ported to the Nintendo Gamecube and Xbox in 2002 by Point of View and Namco. Subsequently, it has been brought to the Game Boy Advance in 2004 by DSI Games and Namco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "MaxPlay Classic Games Volume 1", "paragraph_text": "MaxPlay Classic Games Volume 1 is a compilation of video games developed by CodeJunkies and published by parent company Datel for the Nintendo GameCube and PlayStation 2. The title was distributed by Ardistel in Europe; it was included as a gift with the purchase of Datel's \"Max Memory\" memory card for the PlayStation 2. It is the only unlicensed game for the GameCube and one of only a handful for the PlayStation 2. The collection features ten games, all unofficial remakes of classic games. It includes:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Game (1997 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Game is a 1997 American mystery thriller film directed by David Fincher, starring Michael Douglas and Sean Penn, and produced by Propaganda Films and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment. It tells the story of a wealthy investment banker who is given a mysterious gift: participation in a game that integrates in strange ways with his everyday life. As the lines between the banker's real life and the game become more uncertain, hints of a large conspiracy become apparent.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Pokémon Diamond and Pearl", "paragraph_text": "Pokémon Diamond Version and Pearl Version (ポケットモンスターダイヤモンド・パール, Poketto Monsutā Daiyamondo & Pāru, ``Pocket Monsters: Diamond & Pearl '') are role - playing games (RPGs) developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company and distributed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. With the enhanced remake Pokémon Platinum, the games comprise the fifth installment and fourth generation of the Pokémon series of RPGs. First released in Japan on September 28, 2006, the games were later released to North America, Australia, and Europe over the course of 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Super Mario Bros. (film)", "paragraph_text": "Super Mario Bros. is a 1993 American fantasy adventure film based on the Japanese video game series of the same name and the game Super Mario Bros. by Nintendo. It was directed by Rocky Morton and Annabel Jankel, written by Parker Bennett, Terry Runté and Ed Solomon, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios through Hollywood Pictures.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 679261, "question": "The Game >> distributed by", "answer": "PolyGram Filmed Entertainment", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 120616, "question": "When was #1 abolished?", "answer": "1999", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "PopSister", "paragraph_text": "PopSister was a Japanese monthly gal-shibuya-kei-oriented fashion magazine published by Kadokawa Publishing & Co.. Launched in 2010 as the \"older sister\" magazine of \"Popteen\", \"PopSister\" was targeted at females in their teens and early 20s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lethe Press", "paragraph_text": "Lethe Press is an American book publishing company based in Maple Shade, New Jersey. Launched in 2001 by Steve Berman, a writer and a former employee of Giovanni's Room Bookstore in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the company was originally launched to publish speculative fiction, primarily LGBT-themed, as well as rereleasing out of print titles from other LGBT publishers. In recent years, with numerous LGBT-oriented publishing companies folding, the company has also expanded its line to include new LGBT-themed non-fiction, poetry and anthology titles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "World Press Review", "paragraph_text": "World Press Review (Worldpress.org) is an independent, nonpartisan New York based magazine founded in 1974 and initially published by Stanley Foundation and Teri Schure, with an online edition which was launched in 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Calcified Tissue International", "paragraph_text": "Calcified Tissue International is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media and first launched in 1967. From 1967 to 1978, the journal was published under the name \"Calcified Tissue Research\". It is an official journal of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The journal is published monthly and includes original research on the structure and function of bone and other mineralized systems in living organisms, as well as reviews and special reports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Open Biology", "paragraph_text": "Open Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Royal Society covering biology at the molecular and cellular levels. The first issue was published in September 2011 with an editorial about the launch of the journal. All papers are made freely available under an open access model immediately on publication. The editor-in-chief is David Glover (University of Cambridge).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nature Protocols", "paragraph_text": "Nature Protocols, published by the Nature Publishing Group, is an on-line scientific journal publishing methods in a recipe-style format. The journal was launched in June 2006 and the content includes both classical methods and cutting-edge techniques relevant to the study of biological problems. The content on this site is divided into \"Nature Protocols\" and the \"Protocol Exchange\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nature India", "paragraph_text": "Nature India is an online publication by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) that highlights research being produced in India in science and medicine. The international website was launched in February 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The EMBO Journal", "paragraph_text": "The EMBO Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on full-length papers describing original research of general interest in molecular biology and related areas. The journal was established in 1982 and was published by Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Molecular Biology Organization until the launch of EMBO press in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Les Nouvelles de Tahiti", "paragraph_text": "Les Nouvelles de Tahiti was a daily, French Polynesian newspaper headquartered in Tahiti. The newspaper, which published in French, was owned by Groupe Hersant Média. \"Les Nouvelles de Tahiti\" launched its website on December 3, 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nature China", "paragraph_text": "Nature China () is an online publication by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) that highlights the best research being produced in Hong Kong and Mainland China in science and medicine. The international website was launched in January 2007. The Chinese website was launched on 25 April 2007. The site and its content is free-to-view for registered users.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nature Materials", "paragraph_text": "Nature Materials, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. It was launched in September 2002. Vincent Dusastre is the launching and current chief editor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Untouchable (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The book was first published in 1935. Later editions carried a foreword written by E.M. Forster. In 2004, a commemorative edition including this book was launched by Indian then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "CrossGen", "paragraph_text": "Cross Generation Entertainment, or CrossGen, was an American comic book publisher and entertainment company that operated from 1998 to 2004. The company's assets were acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2004, and designated to Disney Publishing Worldwide. In July 2010, Disney re-established the brand through Marvel Comics, who announced plans to revive CrossGen titles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Crux Ansata", "paragraph_text": "Crux Ansata, subtitled 'An Indictment of the Roman Catholic Church' by H. G. Wells is a (96 page) wartime book first published in 1943 by Penguin Books, Hammonsworth (Great Britain): Penguin Special No. 129. The U. S. edition was copyrighted and published in 1944 by Agora Publishing Company, New York, with a portrait frontispiece and an appendix of an interview with Wells recorded by John Rowland. The U.S. edition of 144 pages went into a third printing in August 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "European Polymer Journal", "paragraph_text": "European Polymer Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, established in 1965 and published by Elsevier. The journal is publishing both original research and review papers on topic of the physics and chemistry of polymers. In 2006, it launched the polymer nanotechnology section.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Agon (newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "Agon is a newspaper published in Albania and based in Tirana. The paper was launched in 2007 as a free daily, being the first in its category.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Amazing Stories", "paragraph_text": "Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing. It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction. Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Crux (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Crux is an American comic book published by CrossGen Entertainment from May 2001 to February 2004. It was cancelled due to bankruptcy in 2004. Crux was one of the later titles that came first in a sort of second wave of Crossgen titles which included Sojourn and Brath. It detailed the exploits of six Atlanteans who were put into stasis and are awoken 100.000 years later.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nicholas Richardson", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Richardson was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford (Honour Moderations in \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, Final Honour School of \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, BPhil, DPhil). From 1960 until 1961 he was a student of ancient historian G.E.M. de Ste Croix, and contributed to his festschrift entitled \"Crux\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Adelina Tattilo", "paragraph_text": "Adelina Tattilo (Foggia, 1929 – Rome, 1 February 2007) was an Italian publisher. She is acknowledged to be a pioneer in the Italian erotic magazine publishing sector, who contributed to change the social customs Italy from the second half the 1960s. By launching \"Playmen\", Tattilo engaged publishers like Hugh Hefner and Larry Flynt in an ideological battle to liberate sexual attitudes and free them from bigotry and false moralisms.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 813857, "question": "Crux >> publisher", "answer": "CrossGen", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 127131, "question": "When was #1 launched?", "answer": "1998", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jan Anton van der Baren", "paragraph_text": "Jan Anton van der Baren (variations on the first name: 'Jan Anthonie', 'Jan Antonius', 'Jean-Antoine' and 'Johannes Antonius') (1615 – 1 January 1687) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, priest and museum curator active in Brussels and Vienna. He specialised in still lifes of flowers and vegetables, some of which include an architectural background.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Crisp, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Crisp is an unincorporated community in Ellis County, Texas, United States. It was the birthplace of country music star Ernest Tubb. It is located east of Waxahachie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "World Scout Jamboree", "paragraph_text": "It was in 1920 that the first World Scout Jamboree was realized, held in the Olympia halls in Kensington, London. Symbolically, the Jamboree site bore the name of the birthplace of the Olympic Games, Olympia. 8,000 Scouts from 34 countries attended the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jan Šindel", "paragraph_text": "Jan Šindel was born in the Bohemian town Hradec Králové probably in the 1370s. As a young man he came to Prague to study at Charles University. In 1395 or 1399 he became the Master of Arts at Prague University. In 1406 he worked at the parish school of the St. Nicolas Church in the Lesser Town of Prague. Later he worked as a teacher of mathematics in Vienna, where he also studied medicine. Then he came back to Prague and became the professor of astronomy at Charles University, where he became Doctor of Medicine and rector of the university in 1410.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Branson, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "In 1983, Branson began its transformation into a major tourist attraction when the Roy Clark Celebrity Theatre opened and began to bring famous country music stars to Branson. Many of the performers who have had their own theaters in Branson first discovered Branson when they performed at this venue. The Roy Clark Celebrity Theatre at the Lodge of the Ozarks has been called the ``birthplace of Branson celebrity theatres ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "3JS", "paragraph_text": "3JS (pronounced: 3J's) is a Dutch band from Volendam, consisting of Jan Dulles, Jaap Kwakman and Jan de Witte. The band became nationally known after the success of their debut album, \"Watermensen\" in 2007 with their friends Jan Smit and Nick & Simon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The One You Slip Around With", "paragraph_text": "\"The One You Slip Around With\" is a single by American country music artist Jan Howard. Released in October 1959, the song reached #13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, becoming Howard's first major hit single. The single was later released on the 1962 album, \"Jan Howard\", issued on Wrangler Records. The song was written by her husband and Nashville songwriter, Harlan Howard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park", "paragraph_text": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park is an Pennsylvania state park near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is on Pennsylvania Route 16 along Tuscarora Mountain. Buchanan's Birthplace State Park was created from land donated to the state by Harriet Lane in honor of her uncle, the 15th President of the United States, James Buchanan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Shakespeare's Birthplace", "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare's Birthplace is a restored 16th-century half-timbered house situated in Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, where it is believed that William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and spent his childhood years. It is now a small museum open to the public and a popular visitor attraction, owned and managed by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. It has been referred to as \"a mecca for all lovers of literature\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jan Cremer", "paragraph_text": "Jan Cremer (; born 20 April 1940, Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch author, photographer and painter. His best known work is the novel \"\" (\"I, Jan Cremer\"; 1964) and the sequel \"Ik, Jan Cremer, tweede boek\" (\"I, Jan Cremer, second book\"; 1966). The publication of this book created scandal in the Netherlands because of its explicit sexual contents. He has since been active as photographer and painter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Between Two Fires", "paragraph_text": "\"Between Two Fires\" is a song written by Jan Buckingham, Sam Lorber and J.D. Martin, and recorded by American country music artist Gary Morris. It was released in April 1984 as the first single from the album \"Faded Blue\". The song reached #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hradec Králové", "paragraph_text": "Hradec Králové (; ) is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, EMS and IT. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing – the best known being Petrof pianos. The University of Hradec Králové is located in the city, the University of Defense has its only medical faculty in Hradec Králové and Charles University in Prague also has its Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and Faculty of Pharmacy there.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sazhdenik", "paragraph_text": "Sazhdenik is a village in Kyustendil Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. It is the birthplace of Czech politician Vaclav Klaus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mozart's birthplace", "paragraph_text": "Mozart's birthplace (German: ' or ') was the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at No. 9 Getreidegasse in Salzburg, Austria. The Mozart family resided on the third floor from 1747 to 1773. Mozart himself was born here on 27 January 1756. He was the seventh child of Leopold Mozart, who was a musician of the Salzburg Royal Chamber.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chimpay", "paragraph_text": "Chimpay is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina. The village is the birthplace of the blessed Ceferino Namuncurá.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cherryburn", "paragraph_text": "Cherryburn is a cottage in Mickley, Northumberland, England, which was the birthplace of Thomas Bewick, an English wood engraver and ornithologist. The cottage, its adjacent farmhouse and large grounds, have been managed by the National Trust since 1991 when they took over responsibility for the site from the Bewick Birthplace Trust. Cherryburn is now open to the public 7 days a week between February and November.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jan de Beijer", "paragraph_text": "Jan de Beijer (24 September 1703 – c. 1780), also given as Jan de Beyer, was a Dutch draughtsman and painter known for this drawings of towns and buildings in the present-day countries of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. In total, he produced some 1500 drawings, over 600 of which were reproduced as engravings by other artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jan Schnider", "paragraph_text": "Jan Schnider (born January 7, 1983 in Oensingen) is a beach volleyball player from Switzerland, who with his team mate Martin Laciga is representing his native country at the 2008 Summer Olympics, in Beijing, China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story", "paragraph_text": "Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story is a television play which aired on the DuMont Television Network on November 14, 1951.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Prague astronomical clock", "paragraph_text": "The oldest part of the Orloj, the mechanical clock and astronomical dial, dates back to 1410 when it was made by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel, then later a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Charles University. The first recorded mention of the clock was on 9 October 1410. Later, presumably around 1490, the calendar dial was added and the clock facade was decorated with gothic sculptures.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144408, "question": "What is Jan Šindel's birthplace?", "answer": "Hradec Králové", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 215084, "question": "#1 >> country", "answer": "Czech Republic", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "CZE", "cz", "cze" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally \"own-nature\" or \"self-nature\"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are \"empty\" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Egalitarianism", "paragraph_text": "Egalitarianism (from French égal, meaning 'equal') -- or equalitarianism -- is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status. According to the Merriam - Webster Dictionary, the term has two distinct definitions in modern English: either as a political doctrine that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social and civil rights; or as a social philosophy advocating the removal of economic inequalities among people, economic egalitarianism, or the decentralization of power. Some sources define egalitarianism as the point of view that equality reflects the natural state of humanity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Vincenzo Botta", "paragraph_text": "Vincenzo Botta (November 11, 1818 Cavallermaggiore - October 5, 1894 New York City) was an Italian-born politician and professor of philosophy, and later, in the United States, of Italian language and literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Thought: A Journal of Philosophy", "paragraph_text": "Thought: A Journal of Philosophy is a twice-annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell for the Northern Institute of Philosophy. The journal covers logic, philosophy of maths, philosophy of mind, epistemology, philosophy of language, and metaphysics. The editors-in-chief are Crispin Wright (New York University), John Divers (University of Leeds), and Carrie Jenkins (University of British Columbia).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Philosophical Review", "paragraph_text": "The Philosophical Review is a quarterly journal of philosophy edited by the faculty of the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University and published by Duke University Press (since September 2006). The journal publishes original work in all areas of analytic philosophy, but emphasizes material that is of general interest to academic philosophers. Each issue of the journal contains approximately two to four articles along with several book reviews. According to a poll conducted on Leiter Reports, the Philosophical Review is considered the best general journal of philosophy in the English language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gabriel Nuchelmans", "paragraph_text": "Gabriel Nuchelmans (15 May 1922, Oud Gastel – 6 August 1996, Wassenaar) was a Dutch philosopher, focusing on the history of philosophy, especially philosophy of the Middle Ages, as well as logic and philosophy of language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "LMS Center", "paragraph_text": "LMS Center (Language-Mind-Society Center) is a centre for the study of language, mind and society established at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, EU in 2009 with support from the ESF. The centre’s goal is support of interdisciplinary research connecting philosophy with neighbouring sciences whose results are relevant to uncovering the nature and principles of the mind, language and society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Joshua Landy", "paragraph_text": "Joshua Landy is the Andrew B. Hammond Professor in French Language, Literature and Civilization at Stanford University. He is also a Professor of Comparative Literature and co-director of the Literature and Philosophy Initiative at Stanford.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Fritz Mauthner", "paragraph_text": "Fritz Mauthner (22 November 1849 – 29 June 1923) was an Austro-Hungarian novelist, theatre critic and satirist. He was an exponent of philosophical scepticism derived from a critique of human knowledge and of philosophy of language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Avital Ronell", "paragraph_text": "Avital Ronell (; born 15 April 1952) is an American academic who writes about continental philosophy, literary studies, psychoanalysis, feminist philosophy, political philosophy, and ethics. She is a professor in the humanities and in the departments of Germanic languages and literature and comparative literature at New York University, where she co-directs the trauma and violence transdisciplinary studies program.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Richard W. Miller", "paragraph_text": "Richard W. Miller is a political philosopher and the Wyn and William Y. Hutchinson Professor in Ethics and Public Life at Cornell University. He is also the Director of the Program on Ethics and Public Life in the Cornell University Department of Philosophy. Miller received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1975. His dissertation, \"Solipsism and Language in the Writings of Wittgenstein,\" was directed by Rogers Albritton and Hilary Putnam. While he currently specializes in social and political philosophy, Miller has published books and articles on epistemology, philosophy of science, and ethics. His most recent book is \"Globalizing Justice: The Ethics of Poverty and power\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Søren Kierkegaard", "paragraph_text": "Kierkegaard was born to an affluent family in Copenhagen. His mother, Ane Sørensdatter Lund Kierkegaard, had served as a maid in the household before marrying his father, Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard. She was an unassuming figure: quiet, plain, and not formally educated, but Henriette Lund, her granddaughter, wrote that she \"wielded the sceptre with joy and protected [Søren and Peter] like a hen protecting her chicks\". She also wielded influence on her children so that later Peter said that his brother preserved many of their mother's words in his writings. His father, on the other hand, was a well-to-do wool merchant from Jutland. He was a \"very stern man, to all appearances dry and prosaic, but under his 'rustic cloak' demeanor he concealed an active imagination which not even his great age could blunt\". He was also interested in philosophy and often hosted intellectuals at his home. The young Kierkegaard read the philosophy of Christian Wolff. He also preferred the comedies of Ludvig Holberg, the writings of Georg Johann Hamann, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Edward Young, and Plato, especially those referring to Socrates.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Gilbert Harman", "paragraph_text": "Gilbert Harman (born 26 May 1938) is an American philosopher, who taught at Princeton University from 1963 until his retirement in 2017. He has published widely in philosophy of language, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, ethics, moral psychology, epistemology, statistical learning theory, and metaphysics. He and George Miller co-directed the Princeton University Cognitive Science Laboratory. Harman has taught or co-taught courses in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Psychology, Philosophy, and Linguistics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kenneth Allen Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Allen Taylor (born 1954) is an American philosopher. He was the chair of the department of philosophy at Stanford University from 2001 to 2009. Professor Taylor specializes in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His interests include semantics, reference, naturalism, and relativism. He is the author of numerous articles, which have appeared in journals such as \"Noûs\", \"Philosophical Studies\", and \"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research\", and three books, \"Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language\" (Blackwell Publishers), \"Reference and the Rational Mind\" (CSLI Publications) \"Meaning Diminished: Toward Metaphysically Modest Semantics.\" (Oxford University Press)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Philosophy of language", "paragraph_text": "In the early 19th century, the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard insisted that language ought to play a larger role in Western philosophy. He argues that philosophy has not sufficiently focused on the role language plays in cognition and that future philosophy ought to proceed with a conscious focus on language:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Australasian Journal of Philosophy", "paragraph_text": "The Australasian Journal of Philosophy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy and \"one of the oldest English-language philosophy journals in the world\". It was established in 1923 as the \"Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy\", obtaining its current title in 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often criticized the philosopher,[citation needed] encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Volker Halbach", "paragraph_text": "Volker Halbach (born 21 October 1965 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a German logician and philosopher. His main research interests are in philosophical logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, and epistemology, with a focus on formal theories of truth. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, Tutorial Fellow of New College, Oxford.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "European Language Resources Association", "paragraph_text": "Since its foundation in 1995, the European Language Resources Association has been a conduit for the distribution of speech, written and terminology Language Resources (LRs) for the Human Language Technology (HLT), a key compound of IST. In order to do so, a number of technical and logistic, commercial (prices, fees, royalties), legal (licensing, Intellectual Property Rights, Management), and information dissemination issues had to be addressed. Since its foundation, ELRA's mission has enlarged slightly, broadening its objectives and responsibilities towards the HLT community. ELRA is also involved in the production, or commissioning of the production, of language resources through a number of initiatives, also actively committed to the evaluation of language engineering tools as well as to the identification of new resources. The set up of the identification number ISLRN endorsed by NLP12 in 2013, is the most recent initiative led by ELDA to enhance the identification of Language Resources and their citation in publications.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 63119, "question": "who broadened the doctrine of philosophy of language", "answer": "Søren Kierkegaard", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 153058, "question": "What city is #1 from?", "answer": "Copenhagen", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of World Series champions", "paragraph_text": "The Seattle Mariners and the Washington Nationals (formerly Montreal Expos) are the only current Major League Baseball franchises to have never appeared in a World Series; the San Diego Padres, Colorado Rockies, Texas Rangers (formerly the 1961 -- 1971 version of the Washington Senators), Tampa Bay Rays, and Milwaukee Brewers (formerly Seattle Pilots) have all played in the Series but have never won. The Toronto Blue Jays are the only franchise from outside the United States to appear in a World Series, winning in 1992 and 1993. The current World Series champions are the Houston Astros.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "St. Louis Cardinals", "paragraph_text": "One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball (behind the New York Yankees) and the most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals -- Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dwayne Kemp", "paragraph_text": "Dwayne Kemp (born 24 February 1988 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch baseball player for the Curaçao Neptunus of the Honkbal Hoofdklasse. He has played for the Netherlands national baseball team at the 2011 Baseball World Cup, 2010 European Baseball Championship, 2011 Baseball World Cup, 2013 World Port Tournament, 2015 World Port Tournament, 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week , , and the 2016 European Baseball Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Brett Moffitt", "paragraph_text": "Brett Moffitt (born August 7, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet Silverado for GMS Racing, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 8 Chevrolet Camaro for JR Motorsports. He won Rookie of the Year Honors in 2015 in the Cup Series, and won the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Kansas City Royals", "paragraph_text": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Royals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member team of the American League (AL) Central division. The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969, and has participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015, and losing in 1980 and 2014.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2009 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2009 season. The 105th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff contested between the Philadelphia Phillies, champions of the National League (NL) and defending World Series champions, and the New York Yankees, champions of the American League (AL). The Yankees defeated the Phillies, 4 games to 2, to win their 27th World Series championship. The series was played between October 28 and November 4, broadcast on Fox, and watched by an average of roughly 19 million viewers. Due to the start of the season being pushed back by the 2009 World Baseball Classic in March, this was the first World Series regularly scheduled to be played into the month of November. This series was a rematch of the 1950 World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Little League World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 10 to 12 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 71 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "1990 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 1990 World Series was the 87th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series and the conclusion of the 1990 Major League Baseball season. The Series featured the defending champions and heavily favored American League (AL) champion Oakland Athletics against the National League (NL) champion Cincinnati Reds. The Reds defeated the Athletics in a four - game sweep. It was the fifth 4 - game sweep by the National League and second by the Reds after they did it in 1976, as well as the second consecutive World Series to end in a sweep, after the A's themselves did it to the San Francisco Giants in 1989. It is remembered for Billy Hatcher's seven consecutive hits. The sweep extended the Reds' World Series winning streak to nine games, dating back to 1975. This also was the second World Series meeting between the two clubs (Oakland won four games to three in 1972). As of 2017, this remains both teams' most recent appearance in the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Boston Red Sox", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. In addition, they won the 1904 American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 world championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in a World Series. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2015 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2015 season. The 111th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 27 and November 1, with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1. It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November. The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series to win the World Series after losing in the previous year. It was the first World Series to feature only expansion teams and the first since the 2007 World Series to not feature the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, or San Francisco Giants as the NL champions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "We Bare Bears", "paragraph_text": "We Bare Bears is an American animated sitcom created by Daniel Chong for Cartoon Network. The show made its premiere on July 27, 2015 and follows three bear siblings, Grizzly, Panda and Ice Bear (respectively voiced by Eric Edelstein, Bobby Moynihan, and Demetri Martin), and their awkward attempts at integrating with the human world in the San Francisco Bay Area. Based on Chong's webcomic The Three Bare Bears, the pilot episode made its world premiere at the KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival, where it won in the ``Young Amsterdam Audience ''category. The series premiered on July 27, 2015. Nintendo has also partnered with Cartoon Network to make ads of the show's characters playing the Nintendo Switch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 2. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dave Dravecky", "paragraph_text": "David Francis Dravecky (born February 14, 1956) is an American former professional baseball player, a motivational speaker, and an author. He played Major League Baseball for the San Diego Padres (1982–87) and San Francisco Giants (1987–89). Cancer ended his career as his team was reaching the 1989 World Series. He won the Hutch Award in 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Joe Ferris", "paragraph_text": "Joe Ferris was an American college baseball pitcher who won the 1964 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a sophomore at University of Maine. He is the only player from University of Maine to win that award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of St. Louis Cardinals in the Baseball Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "The St. Louis Cardinals, a Major League baseball (MLB) franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, have competed in the National League (NL) since 1892, and in the American Association (AA) from 1882 to 1891. They have won 11 World Series titles, one additional interleague championship and were co-champions (tied) in another prior to the modern World Series. Known as the Cardinals from 1900 to the present, the St. Louis franchise were also known as the Brown Stockings (1882), Browns (1883 -- 98), and Perfectos (1899). A total of 37 players and other personnel associated with the Cardinals have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cleveland Indians", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Brian Cashman", "paragraph_text": "Brian McGuire Cashman (born July 3, 1967) is an American baseball executive for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. He has served as the General Manager and Senior Vice President of the Yankees since 1998. During Cashman's tenure as general manager, the Yankees have won six American League pennants and four World Series championships.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 63593, "question": "who won the world series in 2015 baseball", "answer": "Kansas City Royals", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 126904, "question": "When was #1 created?", "answer": "1969", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Baldevins bryllup", "paragraph_text": "Baldevins bryllup () is a 1926 Norwegian comedy film directed by George Schnéevoigt, starring Einar Sissener and Victor Bernau. The film is based on a play by Vilhelm Krag, and tells the story of how Simen Sørensen (Bernau) manages to get his friend Baldevin Jonassen (Sissener) married to the lady next door. The film was renovated in 2006, for the 100-years anniversary of Kristiansand Cinema.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Killian Curse", "paragraph_text": "The Killian Curse is a New Zealand kidult horror-fantasy television show, directed by Thomas Robins and Wayne Vinton. Starring Nick Blake and local New Zealand children, \"The Killian Curse\" tells the 21 stories of the students from Room 21, who must each face an evil curse placed on them by the sinister Charles Killian. Killian wants to get revenge on the people who caused his death shortly after founding the school in 1906. He needs to capture 11 souls to rise from the dead.There are two series which first aired in 2006 and 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Moscow Elegy", "paragraph_text": "Moscow Elegy () is a 1988 documentary film directed by Alexander Sokurov, about the later life and death of Soviet Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky. The film was originally intended to mark the 50th birthday of Tarkovsky in 1982, which would have been before his death. Controversy with Soviet authorities about the film's style and content led to significant delays in the production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Acceptance (House)", "paragraph_text": "Acceptance is the first episode of season 2, written by Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner and directed by Dan Attias. House and his team has to diagnose and cure a death row inmate", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "La morte risale a ieri sera", "paragraph_text": "\"La morte risale a ieri sera\" was released in Italy on September 5, 1970. The film has also been distributed internationally under the titles \"Death Occurred Last Night\", \"Death Took Place Last Night\" and \"Horror Came out of the Fog\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold", "paragraph_text": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold (), also known as Death's Dealer, is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Pasquale Squitieri and starring Klaus Kinski.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Arthur Conan Doyle", "paragraph_text": "Doyle was found clutching his chest in the hall of Windlesham Manor, his house in Crowborough, East Sussex, on 7 July 1930. He died of a heart attack at the age of 71. His last words were directed toward his wife: \"You are wonderful.\" At the time of his death, there was some controversy concerning his burial place, as he was avowedly not a Christian, considering himself a Spiritualist. He was first buried on 11 July 1930 in Windlesham rose garden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "A Walk with Love and Death", "paragraph_text": "A Walk with Love and Death is a 1969 DeLuxe Color romantic drama film directed by John Huston and starring Anjelica Huston, Assi Dayan, Anthony Higgins, and John Huston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Maze Runner (film series)", "paragraph_text": "In March 2015, T.S. Nowlin, who co-wrote the first and wrote the second film, was hired to write Maze Runner: The Death Cure based on the novel The Death Cure. In September 2015, Ball was hired to direct the film. Ball said that the film would not be split into two films. Principal photography took place in Cape Town, South Africa between March and June 2017 for a January 26, 2018 release.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lady in the Death House", "paragraph_text": "Lady in the Death House is a 1944 American film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Jean Parker and Lionel Atwill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "George Schnéevoigt", "paragraph_text": "Schnéevoigt was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to actress Siri Schnéevoigt, and he is the father of actor and director Alf Schnéevoigt.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sartana in the Valley of Death", "paragraph_text": "Sartana in the Valley of Death (, also known as \"Ballad of Death Valley\") is a 1970 Italian Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Roberto Mauri and starring William Berger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff", "paragraph_text": "Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff is a 1977 French crime film written and directed by Yves Boisset. The film was inspired by the death of François Renaud.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Death Valley", "paragraph_text": "Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places in the world along with deserts in the Middle East.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Charles Darnay", "paragraph_text": "Darnay is put on trial for treason against the Kingdom of Great Britain, but the key eyewitness testimony against him is undermined when his defense counsel directs attention to Sydney Carton, a barrister who has been assisting in the case. The two men bear a strong resemblance to one another, and Darnay is acquitted as a result. Later, Darnay succeeds his uncle as Marquis when the latter is stabbed to death in his sleep by a French revolutionary. Both Darnay and Carton express their love for Lucie Manette, but Darnay courts and marries her. As the French Revolution begins, Darnay is arrested and brought before a tribunal, where the crimes of his uncle and father are brought to light. He is sentenced to death by guillotine, but Carton takes his place so that he and his family can escape.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Death Flies East", "paragraph_text": "Death Flies East is a 1935 American mystery film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Conrad Nagel, Florence Rice and Raymond Walburn. The action takes place on an airline flight with a murderer aboard. The film was an early example of the aviation \"disaster film\" genre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "A Fistful of Death", "paragraph_text": "A Fistful of Death ( ) is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Demofilo Fidani and starring Klaus Kinski.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Death of a Lumberjack", "paragraph_text": "The Death of a Lumberjack () is a 1973 Canadian drama film directed by Gilles Carle. The film was entered into the 1973 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Coast of Skeletons", "paragraph_text": "Coast of Skeletons is a 1965 British-South African adventure film, directed by Robert Lynn and starring Richard Todd and Dale Robertson. It is a sequel to the 1963 film \"Death Drums Along the River\", and just as that film, it uses the characters from Edgar Wallace's 1911 novel \"Sanders of the River\" and Zoltán Korda's 1935 film based on the novel, but placed in a totally different story. \"Coast of Skeletons\" was released in Germany as \"Sanders und das Schiff des Todes\"/ \"Sanders and the Ship of Death\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Game of Death II", "paragraph_text": "Game of Death II (, aka Tower of Death and The New Game of Death) is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Ng See-yuen starring Bruce Lee, Tong Lung, Huong Cheng Li and Roy Horan. This film was marketed as a sequel to Bruce Lee's last and only partially completed film \"Game of Death\". Bruce Lee died some years before the production of \"Game of Death II\" and most of his scenes are taken from Lee's older films; mostly from \"Enter the Dragon\". Aside from the International English dub giving the \"Bruce Lee\" character the name \"Billy Lo\", this movie would seem to have no connection with Robert Clouse's film.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 125960, "question": "Who directed Baldevins bryllup?", "answer": "George Schnéevoigt", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 675104, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Copenhagen", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Man Hunter", "paragraph_text": "The Man Hunter is a 1930 American pre-Code all-talking adventure drama that stars Rin Tin Tin. The film was released by Warner Brothers, and was adapted by James A. Starr (who wrote the screenplay and dialogue) from a story by Lillie Hayward who also wrote the screenplay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Crime and Justice", "paragraph_text": "Crime and Justice is an annual series of peer-reviewed commissioned essays on crime-related research subjects published by The University of Chicago Press. The journal was established in 1979. According to its self-description, it \"explores a full range of issues concerning crime, its causes, and its cure\", offering \"an interdisciplinary approach to address core issues in criminology, with perspectives from biology, law, psychology, ethics, history, and sociology\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics", "paragraph_text": "The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics were created in 1992 by the Computer Ethics Institute. The commandments were introduced in the paper ``In Pursuit of a 'Ten Commandments' for Computer Ethics ''by Ramon C. Barquin as a means to create`` a set of standards to guide and instruct people in the ethical use of computers.'' They follow the Internet Advisory Board's memo on ethics from 1987. The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics copies the archaic style of the Ten Commandments from the King James Bible.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Wilhelm Wundt", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (/ vʊnt /; German: (vʊnt); 16 August 1832 -- 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the ``founder & father of experimental psychology ''. In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other disciplines. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Political appointments in the United States", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Office of Government Ethics, a political appointee is ``any employee who is appointed by the President, the Vice President, or agency head ''. As of 2016, an incoming administration needs to appoint around 4,000 new employees, of which about 1,200 require Senate approval.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "APA style", "paragraph_text": "The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the most current. It was released in July 2009 after four years of development. The Publication Manual Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published critique; user comments; commissioned reviews; and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b). To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: bias - free language, ethics, graphics, Journal Article Reporting Standards, references, statistics, and writing style (APA, 2009, pp. XVII -- XVIII).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Context principle", "paragraph_text": "The context principle is one of Gottlob Frege's ``three fundamental principles ''for philosophical analysis, first discussed in his Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884). Frege argued that many philosophical errors, especially those related to psychologism in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics, could be avoided by adhering carefully to the context principle. The view of meaning expressed by the context principle is sometimes called contextualism, but should not be confused with the common contemporary use of the term contextualism in epistemology or ethics. This view need not be contrasted with the view that the meanings of words or expressions can (or must) be determined prior to, and independently of, the meanings of the propositions in which they occur, which is often referred to as compositionalism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "Harper Lee has remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s. However, she gave some insight into her themes when, in a rare letter to the editor, she wrote in response to the passionate reaction her book caused: \"Surely it is plain to the simplest intelligence that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom more than two syllables a code of honor and conduct, Christian in its ethic, that is the heritage of all Southerners.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Adolescence", "paragraph_text": "The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Industrial and organizational psychology", "paragraph_text": "The historical development of I / O psychology was paralleled in the US, the UK, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, and eastern European countries such as Romania. The roots of I / O psychology trace back nearly to the beginning of psychology as a science, when Wilhelm Wundt founded one of the first psychological laboratories in 1876 in Leipzig, Germany. In the mid 1880s, Wundt trained two psychologists, Hugo Münsterberg and James McKeen Cattell, who had a major influence on the emergence of I / O psychology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wilhelm Wundt", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (German: (vʊnt); 16 August 1832 -- 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the ``father of experimental psychology ''. In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Programming ethics", "paragraph_text": "In the early 1990s, Donald Gotterbarn claimed that computer ethics should be considered as professional ethics that could have the power to lead towards the development and advancement of standards of good practice and codes of conduct for computing professionals (Bynum). He worked with several professional - ethics advocates to write ethical guidelines for creating codes of Ethics. He formed part of the creation of Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, adopted by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 1992, and Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice, adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the ACM as well. These codes also include Programming Ethics principles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Experimental psychology", "paragraph_text": "Experimental psychology was introduced into the United States by George Trumbull Ladd, who founded Yale University's psychological laboratory in 1879. In 1887, Ladd published Elements of Physiological Psychology, the first American textbook that extensively discussed experimental psychology. Between Ladd's founding of the Yale Laboratory and his textbook, the center of experimental psychology in the US shifted to Johns Hopkins University, where George Hall and Charles Sanders Peirce were extending and qualifying Wundt's work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jonathan Haidt", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan David Haidt (; born October 19, 1963) is an American social psychologist, Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University's Stern School of Business, and author. His main areas of study are the psychology of morality and the moral emotions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "APA Ethics Code", "paragraph_text": "The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (for short, the Ethics Code, as referred to by the APA) includes an introduction, preamble, a list of five aspirational principles and a list of ten enforceable standards that psychologists use to guide ethical decisions in practice, research, and education. The principles and standards are written, revised, and enforced by the APA. The code of conduct is applicable to psychologists in a variety of areas across a variety of contexts. In the event of a violation of the code of conduct, the APA may take action ranging from termination of the APA membership to the loss of licensure, depending on the violation. Other professional organizations and licensing boards may adopt and enforce the code.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Feminist psychology", "paragraph_text": "The term feminist psychology was originally coined by Karen Horney. In her book, Feminine Psychology, which is a collection of articles Horney wrote on the subject from 1922 -- 1937, she addresses previously held beliefs about women, relationships, and the effect of society on female psychology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Theory of Moral Sentiments", "paragraph_text": "The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a 1759 book by Adam Smith. It provided the ethical, philosophical, psychological, and methodological underpinnings to Smith's later works, including \"The Wealth of Nations\" (1776), \"Essays on Philosophical Subjects\" (1795), and \"Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms\" (1763) (first published in 1896).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "American Sociological Association", "paragraph_text": "The American Sociological Association is governed by a code of ethics and ethical standards. In 1970, the first ASA code of ethics was written. Since 1970, the code of ethics has been revised. The Committee on Professional Ethics worked to write this code and upon completing and approving it in 1997, the code focused on three goals. These three goals were to make the code more educative, accessible, easier to use, and more helpful for sociologists to understand ethical issues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often criticized the philosopher,[citation needed] encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Spider (2002 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spider is a 2002 Canadian-British psychological thriller film produced and directed by David Cronenberg and based on the novel of the same name by Patrick McGrath, who also wrote the screenplay.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 86989, "question": "who wrote the code of ethics for psychology", "answer": "The American Psychological Association", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 14904, "question": "Who was the first president of #1 ?", "answer": "G. Stanley Hall", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "Stanley Hall" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pavlodar", "paragraph_text": "Pavlodar (Kazakh and Russian: Павлодар) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 km northeast of the national capital Nur-Sultan, and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331,710. The population of \"Pavlodar\" is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians and Kazakhs with significant Ukrainian, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "San Jose, San Pablo, Laguna", "paragraph_text": "Barangay San Jose (commonly known as Malamig) is one of the 80 barangays of San Pablo City in the Philippines. Located along the eastern part of the city, it is bordered by Brgy. Concepcion on the north and Brgy. San Francisco on the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Siege of Sloviansk", "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Sloviansk was an operation by the Armed Forces of Ukraine to recapture the city of Sloviansk in Donetsk Oblast from pro-Russian insurgents who had seized it on 12 April 2014. The city was taken back on 5 July 2014 after shelling from artillery and heavy fighting. The fighting in Sloviansk marked the first major military engagement between pro-Russian separatists and Ukrainian government forces, in the first runoff of battles of 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Springfield, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Springfield is a city in and the county seat of Robertson County, which is located in Middle Tennessee on the northern border of the state. The population was 16,478 at the 2010 census and 16,809 in 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Baltic Sea", "paragraph_text": "Since May 2004, with the accession of the Baltic states and Poland, the Baltic Sea has been almost entirely surrounded by countries of the European Union (EU). The only remaining non-EU shore areas are Russian: the Saint Petersburg area and the exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita. According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as \"Taara, help!\"/\"Thor, help!\" (Taara a(v)ita in Estonian) or \"Taara keeper\"/\"Thor keeper\" (Taara pidaja) Taara is associated with the Scandinavian god Thor. The story of Tharapita's or Taara's flight from Vironia to Saaremaa has been associated with a major meteor disaster estimated to have happened in 660 ± 85 BC that formed Kaali crater in Saaremaa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Eastern Front (World War I)", "paragraph_text": "This offensive was unanticipated by the Turks, as it was in the middle of winter. The Turkish situation was exacerbated by the Third Army's commander Kamil Pasha and Chief of Staff Major Guse absence. Coupled with an imbalance of forces -- the Russians had 325 000 troops, while the Turks only 78 000 -- the situation appeared grim for the Central Powers. After three months of fighting, the Russians captured the city of Trabzon on April 18, 1916.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "Belarus (; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus (, ), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "El Quinche", "paragraph_text": "El Quinche is a city of Ecuador, in the Pichincha Province, about in a straight line distance northeast of the city of Quito. The city, administratively a rural parish of the canton of Quito, is located in the valley of the headwaters of the Guayllabamba River, to the west of Pambamarca. It borders Cayambe Canton to the northeast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tuva", "paragraph_text": "Tuva (; Russian: Тува́) or Tyva (Tuvan: Тыва), officially the Tyva Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Тыва́, tr. Respublika Tyva, IPA: [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva]; Tuvan: Тыва Республика, Tyva Respublika [tʰɯˈʋa resˈpʰuplika]), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic, also defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a state).The Tuvan republic lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Kyzyl. It has a population of 307,930 (2010 census).From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.A majority of the population are ethnic Tuvans who speak Tuvan as their native tongue, while Russian is spoken natively by the Russian minority; both are official and widely understood in the republic. Tuva is governed by the Great Khural, which elects a chairman for a four-year term.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Russian language", "paragraph_text": "The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared \"border zones\". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lesozavodsk", "paragraph_text": "Lesozavodsk () is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Ussuri River (Amur's tributary), from the Sino–Russian border and about north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 37,000 (1972). It was formerly known as Ussuri ().", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Southern Scientific Center RAS", "paragraph_text": "Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (SSC RAS) is a regional unit of the Russian Academy of Science, which includes research groups from a number of cities located in the Southern Federal District of Russia. It has a staff of about 260 people, including 2 Academicians and 2 Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Science, 59 Doctors of Science and 118 PhDs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The Oeselians or Osilians (Estonian saarlased; singular: saarlane) were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa (Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel), an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea. They were first mentioned as early as the second century BC in Ptolemy's Geography III. The Oeselians were known in the Old Norse Icelandic Sagas and in Heimskringla as Víkingr frá Esthland (Estonian Vikings). Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rēzekne", "paragraph_text": "Rēzekne (Latgalian \"Rēzekne\" or \"Rēzne\" , ; see other names) is a city in the Rēzekne River valley in Latgale region of eastern Latvia. It is called \"The Heart of Latgale\" (Latvian \"Latgales sirds\", Latgalian \"Latgolys sirds\"). Built on seven hills, Rēzekne is situated east of Riga, and west of the Latvian-Russian border, at the intersection of the Moscow – Ventspils and Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railways. It has a population of 31,216 (2016) making it the 7th largest city in Latvia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 28482, "question": "Where is Saaremaa located?", "answer": "the Baltic Sea", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 46077, "question": "which major russian city borders #1", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Petersburg" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In the 1960 presidential election, Democratic candidate and future President John F. Kennedy \"criticized President Eisenhower for not ending discrimination in federally supported housing\" and \"advocated a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission\".:59 Shortly after taking office, Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961, requiring government contractors to \"consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination…. The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin\".:60 The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Federal contractors who failed to comply or violated the executive order were punished by contract cancellation and the possible debarment from future government contracts. The administration was \"not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities\" but was rather \"advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination\".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961. The commission was charged with \"examining employment policies and practices of the government and of contractors\" with regard to sex.:66", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lucas Bradley", "paragraph_text": "Lucas Bradley (1809–1889) was an American architect in Racine, Wisconsin. He designed the Eli R. Cooley House in Racine, Wisconsin, the John Collins House, George Murray House (Racine, Wisconsin) and Racine College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "No, Honestly", "paragraph_text": "No, Honestly is a British sitcom that was originally produced in 1974. \"No, Honestly\" featured the real-life married couple of Pauline Collins and John Alderton respectively as Clara and Charles \"CD\" Danby, a newlywed couple living in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Thomas & Sarah", "paragraph_text": "Thomas & Sarah is a British drama series that aired on ITV in 1979. A spin-off from the BAFTA Award-winning series \"Upstairs, Downstairs\", it stars John Alderton and Pauline Collins reprising their \"Upstairs, Downstairs\" roles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Second British Invasion", "paragraph_text": "During the Second British Invasion, established British acts such as Queen, David Bowie, Paul McCartney, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Elton John saw their popularity increase; a few acts that dated to the era of the original British Invasion, including George Harrison, Eddy Grant, The Hollies and The Moody Blues, had their last major hits in this time frame. Counting his work with Genesis, Collins had more top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart during the 1980s than any other artist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Andrew J. Offutt", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Jefferson Offutt (August 16, 1934 – April 30, 2013) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. He wrote as Andrew J. Offutt, A. J. Offutt, and Andy Offutt. His normal byline, andrew j. offutt, has all his name in lower-case letters. He also wrote erotica under seventeen different pseudonyms, principally John Cleve, John Denis, Jeff Morehead, and Turk Winter. He is the father of novelist Chris Offutt and professor Jeff Offutt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "John von Neumann Award", "paragraph_text": "The John von Neumann Award, named after John von Neumann is given annually by the Rajk László College for Advanced Studies (Budapest, Hungary), to an outstanding scholar in the exact social sciences, whose works have had substantial influence over a long period of time on the studies and intellectual activity of the students of the college. The award was established in 1994 and is given annually. In 2013, separately from the annual prize, Kenneth J. Arrow was given the Honorary John von Neumann Award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "John J. Pershing General of the Armies", "paragraph_text": "John J. Pershing General of the Armies, is a public artwork by American artist Robert White, located at Pershing Park in Washington, D.C., United States. John J. Pershing General of the Armies was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994. The monument is a tribute to United States Army general John J. Pershing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Armed Forces' Pay Review Body", "paragraph_text": "The Armed Forces' Pay Review Body is a United Kingdom non-departmental public body (and a Review Body) established to review and recommend the pay and terms and conditions of employment of the British armed forces. It is funded by the Ministry of Defence, and the Office of Manpower Economics provides the Review Body with an independent Secretariat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Somerset", "paragraph_text": "Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Canadian Human Rights Commission", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the \"Canadian Human Rights Act\" to investigate and try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the \"Employment Equity Act\" to ensure that federally regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people, the disabled and visible minorities. The CHRC helps enforce these human rights and inform the general public and employers of these rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Judgment Deferred", "paragraph_text": "Judgment Deferred is a 1952 British drama film directed by John Baxter and starring Joan Collins, Hugh Sinclair, Helen Shingler and Abraham Sofaer. The film is a remake of the director's earlier film, \"Doss House\" (1933).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "A Strange Transgressor", "paragraph_text": "Directed by Reginald Barker and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was adapted by J. G. Hawks from the story by John Lynch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": "Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Light of Happiness", "paragraph_text": "The Light of Happiness is a lost 1916 silent film drama directed by John H. Collins and starring Viola Dana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "John J. Collins", "paragraph_text": "John J. Collins (born 1946) is the Holmes Professor of Old Testament Criticism & Interpretation at Yale Divinity School. He is noted for his research in the Hebrew Bible, as well as the apocryphal works of the Second Temple period including the sectarian works found in Dead Sea Scrolls and their relation to Christian origins. Collins has published and edited over 300 scholarly works, and a number of popular level articles and books. Among his best known works are the \"Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diaspora\" (New York: Crossroad, 1983); \"Daniel\" in the Hermeneia commentary series (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993); \"The Scepter and the Star. The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature\" (New York: Doubleday, 1995); and \"The Bible after Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age\" (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 2005).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "WorkCover Authority of New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "The WorkCover Authority of New South Wales or WorkCover NSW is a New South Wales Government agency established in 1989. The agency creates regulations to promote productive, healthy and safe workplaces for workers and employers in New South Wales. The agency formed part of the Safety, Return to Work and Support Division established pursuant to the Safety, Return to Work and Support Board Act, 2012 (NSW).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "BioEssays", "paragraph_text": "The journal was established in December 1984 by founding editor-in-chief William J. Whelan under the auspices of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Adam S. Wilkins became editor in January 1990. Originally published by ICSU Press and The Company of Biologists, \"BioEssays\" has been published by John Wiley & Sons since January 1998. Andrew Moore became editor-in-chief in August 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Wayward Bus (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Wayward Bus is a 1957 drama film directed by Victor Vicas and starring Joan Collins, Jayne Mansfield, Dan Dailey and Rick Jason. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by John Steinbeck.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 465230, "question": "John J. Collins >> employer", "answer": "Yale Divinity School", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 21416, "question": "When was #1 established?", "answer": "1822", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "During his bid to be elected president in 2004, Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War. While Kerry had initially voted in support of authorizing President Bush to use force in dealing with Saddam Hussein, he voted against an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war. His statement on March 16, 2004, \"I actually did vote for the $87 billion before I voted against it,\" helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry's defeat.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2000 United States presidential election in Florida", "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election in Florida, 2000 ← 1996 November 7, 2000 2004 → Turnout 70% Nominee George W. Bush Al Gore Party Republican Democratic Home state Texas Tennessee Running mate Dick Cheney Joe Lieberman Electoral vote 25 0 Popular vote 2,912,790 2,912,253 Percentage 48.847% 48.838% County Results Gore -- 60 - 70% Gore -- 50 - 60% Gore -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 50 - 60% Bush -- 60 - 70% Bush -- 70 - 80% President before election William Jefferson Clinton Democratic Elected President George Walker Bush Republican", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "George H. W. Bush", "paragraph_text": "George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a Congressman, Ambassador and Director of Central Intelligence. During his career in public service, he was known simply as George Bush; since 2001, he has often been referred to as ``George H.W. Bush '',`` Bush 41'', or ``George Bush Senior ''in order to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States. He is the nation's oldest living president and vice president, as well as the longest - lived president in history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 8, moderated by Charles Gibson of ABC. Conducted in a town meeting format, less formal than the first presidential debate, this debate saw Bush and Kerry taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience. Bush attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, \"That answer made me want to scowl.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Powers of the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bush Street Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Bush Street Temple at 1881 Bush Street in San Francisco, California, is a State Landmark with historical significance to both the Orthodox Jewish community and to Buddhism in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kanye West", "paragraph_text": "Bush stated in an interview that the comment was \"one of the most disgusting moments\" of his presidency. In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. \"I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist\", he told Lauer. \"I believe that in a situation of high emotion like that we as human beings don't always choose the right words.\" The following day, Bush reacted to the apology in a live interview with Lauer saying he appreciated the rapper's remorse. \"I'm not a hater\", Bush said. \"I don't hate Kanye West. I was talking about an environment in which people were willing to say things that hurt. Nobody wants to be called a racist if in your heart you believe in equality of races.\" Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. \"It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long\", argued Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons. Bush himself was receptive to the apology, saying, \"I appreciate that. It wasn't just Kanye West who was talking like that during Katrina, I cited him as an example, I cited others as an example as well. You know, I appreciate that.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the \"magical\" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "World War II Memorial", "paragraph_text": "Opened on April 29, 2004, it was dedicated by President George W. Bush on May 29, 2004. The memorial is administered by the National Park Service under its National Mall and Memorial Parks group. As of 2009, more than 4.4 million people visit the memorial each year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army, and possible service in the Vietnam War), John Kerry's contrasting status as a decorated Vietnam War veteran posed a problem for Bush's re-election campaign, which Republicans sought to counter by calling Kerry's war record into question. As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) opposed Kerry's campaign. The group held press conferences, ran ads and endorsed a book questioning Kerry's service record and his military awards. The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Most of Kerry's former crewmates have stated that SBVT's allegations are false.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Presidency of George W. Bush", "paragraph_text": "The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he defeated Democrat John Kerry to win re-election. Bush, the 43rd President, is the eldest son of the 41st President, George H.W. Bush. He was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who won the 2008 presidential election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "George H. W. Bush", "paragraph_text": "George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Previously known as simply ``George Bush '', since 2001, Bush has often been referred to as`` George H.W. Bush'', ``Bush 41 '',`` Bush the Elder'', or ``George Bush Senior ''to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Samuel P. Bush", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Prescott Bush (October 4, 1863 – February 8, 1948) was an American businessman and industrialist. He was the patriarch of the Bush political family. He was the father of U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and great-grandfather of former U.S. President George W. Bush and Florida Governor Jeb Bush.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry. The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in \"Stop the Madness\", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H. W. Bush at a campaign rally.Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him \"Conan the Republican\". He later served as chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "In the lead up to the Iraq War, Kerry said on October 9, 2002; \"I will be voting to give the President of the United States the authority to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in his hands is a real and grave threat to our security.\" Bush relied on that resolution in ordering the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Kerry also gave a January 23, 2003 speech to Georgetown University saying \"Without question, we need to disarm Saddam Hussein. He is a brutal, murderous dictator; leading an oppressive regime he presents a particularly grievous threat because he is so consistently prone to miscalculation. So the threat of Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass destruction is real.\" Kerry did, however, warn that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war: \"Mr. President, do not rush to war, take the time to build the coalition, because it's not winning the war that's hard, it's winning the peace that's hard.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "On March 10, 2004, Bush officially clinched the number of delegates needed to be nominated at the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City. Bush accepted the nomination on September 2, 2004, and selected Vice President Dick Cheney as his running mate. (In New York, the ticket was also on the ballot as candidates of the Conservative Party of New York State.) During the convention and throughout the campaign, Bush focused on two themes: defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society. The ownership society included allowing people to invest some of their Social Security in the stock market, increasing home and stock ownership, and encouraging more people to buy their own health insurance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Reconstruction of William Zero", "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction of William Zero is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Dan Bush, written by Bush and Conal Byrne, and starring Byrne and Amy Seimetz. Byrne plays a geneticist who clones himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ed Rollins", "paragraph_text": "Edward Rollins (born March 19, 1943) is a Republican campaign consultant and advisor who has worked on several high-profile political campaigns in the United States. In 1983-84, he was National Campaign Director for the successful Reagan-Bush 1984 campaign. Rollins is currently a Co-Chairman of the pro–Donald Trump Great America PAC.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 30913, "question": "Why did Kerry criticize Bush during the 2004 campaign?", "answer": "for the Iraq War", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 30900, "question": "When did Bush declare #1 ?", "answer": "2003", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "97 Aces Go Places", "paragraph_text": "97 Aces Go Places is a 1997 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Chin Kar-lok and starring Alan Tam, Tony Leung, Christy Chung, Donna Chu and Francis Ng. The film is the sixth and final installment of the \"Aces Go Places\" film series and features a different cast and storyline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "William Francis Ganong Jr.", "paragraph_text": "William Francis \"Fran\" Ganong Jr. was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, the son of renowned botanist and Smith College professor William Francis Ganong Sr. and geologist Anna Hobbet Ganong. Dr. Ganong died in Albany, California at the age of 83, after living with prostate cancer for 17 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Laurence Tomson", "paragraph_text": "Laurence Tomson (1539 – 29 March 1608) was an English politician, author, and translator. He acted as the personal secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham, the secretary of state to Elizabeth I of England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Glyphipterix bifasciata", "paragraph_text": "Glyphipterix bifasciata is a species of sedge moth in the genus \"Glyphipterix\". It was described by Walsingham in 1881. It is found in North America, including Washington, California and British Columbia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Philip Carr-Gomm", "paragraph_text": "Philip Carr-Gomm was born in London, raised in Notting Hill Gate, and educated at Westminster School and University College London. His father was Francis Eardley Carr-Gomm, brother of humanitarian Richard Carr-Gomm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "St. Xavier's College, Mumbai", "paragraph_text": "The college is named after Francis Xavier, the 16th-century Spanish Jesuit saint. Its campus in South Mumbai is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture, and recognized as a heritage structure. Founded by German Jesuits in 1869, Xavier's developed rapidly from 1884 to 1914. The imprisonment of German Jesuit priests during the First World War (1914–1918) led to a dislocation of the administration, which was mitigated by the appointment of other European Jesuits. While it began as an arts college, by the 1920s science departments were established. The college was greatly expanded in the 1930s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I Go Dye", "paragraph_text": "Francis Agoda (born 4 April 1979) popularly known as I Go Dye or I Go Die is a Nigerian visionary comedian. He is a motivational speaker, writer and social crusader. However, through his artistry he has continued to promote global peace and child welfare. He has organized several international comedy shows such as \"Igodye Standing.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mike Davlin", "paragraph_text": "Michael Francis Davlin (November 2, 1927 – March 28, 1996) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and the University of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Francis Richard Fraser", "paragraph_text": "Sir Francis Richard Fraser (14 February 1885 – 2 October 1964) was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Sir Thomas Richard Fraser, the Professor of Materia Medica at the University of Edinburgh and member of the Royal Society, and Susanna Margaret Duncan. After attending Edinburgh Academy and Christ's College at Cambridge University, Fraser received his medical training from the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1910 with M.B., Ch.B. He interned at the Royal Infirmary and the Hospital for Sick Children, both in Edinburgh. In 1922, he received his M.D. from the University of Edinburgh Medical School. By chance, due to an illness of his father's, Fraser was asked to host a dinner in honor of Abraham Flexner. Flexner convinced Fraser to go to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in the United States for his postgraduate work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Computational complexity theory", "paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Francis Walsingham", "paragraph_text": "Francis Walsingham matriculated at King's College, Cambridge, in 1548 with many other Protestants but as an undergraduate of high social status did not sit for a degree. From 1550 or 1551, he travelled in continental Europe, returning to England by 1552 to enrol at Gray's Inn, one of the qualifying bodies for English lawyers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "File 13", "paragraph_text": "``File 13 ''is a euphemism for the trash can. The phrase is especially used in the U.S. military, and is less common outside of the United States. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the expression`` round file'' or ``circular file ''is more common (in reference to trash cans typically being round). Many Unix - like operating systems have a similar reference known as / dev / null. Expressions such as`` I'll place that memo in file 13'' are often heard in offices as a joking way of saying, ``I'm going to throw away that memo. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "King's College, Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "William Walsingham Jr.", "paragraph_text": "William Walsingham Jr. (Ca. 1909 – April 13, 1969) was an American front office executive in Major League Baseball. He spent the bulk of his 30-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals, owned by his uncle, Sam Breadon, from 1920 through 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Edward Stafford (diplomat)", "paragraph_text": "After he was appointed ambassador to Paris in 1583, he took money from Henry I, Duke of Guise, in return for access to diplomatic correspondence. He also received money from a Spanish agent, Bernardino de Mendoza, and there is strong evidence that has convinced most historians that Stafford in return for the money passed on secrets to Spain. Further it was his duty to report to London intelligence he possessed on the formation of the Spanish Armada, but did not do so. The English counterspy Francis Walsingham was deeply suspicious but was unable to prove anything, and could not act as long as Stafford was protected by Lord Burghley. No action was taken against him by Elizabeth, although he was not given any posts of consequence after his recall in 1590. McDermott concludes, \"The evidence of Stafford's treachery, though substantial, remains circumstantial, and the precise degree of his culpability is difficult to establish\". Leimon and Parker are convinced of his guilt and add, \" Equally damning is the misinformation about the nonexistence and false destinations of the Armada Stafford forwarded to England\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Reresby Sitwell", "paragraph_text": "The elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "John Hare (bishop)", "paragraph_text": "He was educated at Brighton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. After a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon he was ordained in 1937 and began his career with a curacy at \"St Francis of Assisi, West Bromwich \" followed by a period as Vicar of \"St Matthias, Colindale\". In 1951 he began a long association with the Bedford area, being successively Rural Dean, Archdeacon of Bedford and then Suffragan Bishop. He died in post on 25 October 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "George Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere", "paragraph_text": "Egerton was the eldest son of Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge. On 29 April 1846, he married Lady Mary Campbell (a daughter of the 1st Earl Cawdor) and they had two sons, Hon. Francis Charles Granville (1847–1914) and Hon. Alfred John Francis (1854–1890), Member of Parliament for Eccles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wild Mountain Thyme", "paragraph_text": "``Wild Mountain Thyme ''(also known as`` Purple Heather'' and ``Will Ye Go, Lassie, Go? '') is an Irish / Scottish folk song. The lyrics and melody are a variant of the song`` The Braes of Balquhither'' by Scottish poet Robert Tannahill (1774 -- 1810) and Scottish composer Robert Archibald Smith (1780 -- 1829), but were adapted by Belfast musician Francis McPeake into ``Wild Mountain Thyme ''and first recorded by his family in the 1950s.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121758, "question": "What college did Francis Walsingham go to?", "answer": "King's College", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 211071, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[ "Cambridge", "University of Cambridge", "Cambridge University" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Franz Ries", "paragraph_text": "Franz Ries (Berlin, 7 April 1846 – Naumburg, 20 January 1932) was a Romantic German violinist and composer, son of Hubert Ries. He studied at the Paris Conservatory. He also worked in the publishing business.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chung Il-mi", "paragraph_text": "Chung Il-mi, or Il-Mi Chung (Korean: 정일미; born 15 January 1972 in Busan) is a South Korean professional golfer. She attended Ewha Womans University and turned professional in 1995 and joined the LPGA of Korea Tour where she has eight wins. She qualified for the LPGA Tour via the 2003 LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Class reunion", "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sejong University", "paragraph_text": "Sejong University (세종대학교, 世宗大學校) is a private university located in Seoul, South Korea. The history of Sejong University dates to 1940 when a trust established the Kyung Sung Humanities Institute. In 1978, the academy was named Sejong University in honor of Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Chosun Dynasty and overseer of the Korean alphabet Hangeul.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Doc Powell", "paragraph_text": "Doc Powell is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He was born and raised in Spring Valley, New York. He attended college at University of Charleston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Guybon Atherstone", "paragraph_text": "Atherstone was the son of William Guybon Atherstone (medical practitioner, naturalist, geologist and MP) and was born in Grahamstown on 20 June 1843, he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown and King's College London where he qualified as a civil engineer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Church of Divine Mercy", "paragraph_text": "The Church of Divine Mercy is a Catholic church in Singapore. It is located at 19 Pasir Ris Street 72.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Steven Gerber", "paragraph_text": "Steven Roy Gerber (September 28, 1948 – May 28, 2015) was an American composer of classical music. He attended Haverford College, graduating in 1969 at the age of twenty. He then attended Princeton University with a fellowship to study musical composition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans are underway to build a 57 km (35 mi)-long sub-alpine tunnel connecting the older Lötschberg and Gotthard tunnels built in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gene Hiser", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the baseball team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Meshanticut Interchange", "paragraph_text": "The Meshanticut Interchange is a highway interchange complex in Cranston, Rhode Island, USA. It was one of the first interchange complexes in Rhode Island, opening around the same time as the Olneyville Bypass, the RI 2/RI 117 interchange and relocated RI 3 (now I-95) (and long after the Point Street Viaduct, opened in 1940 and has not been changed since its opening in the early 1950s. The interchange is named after Meshanticut Brook, which flows through it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ri (administrative division)", "paragraph_text": "A ri or village is an administrative unit in both North Korea and South Korea similar to the unit of village.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti", "paragraph_text": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti is an Italian television series, created in 2004 by Pietro Valsecchi, broadcast since January 2005 on Canale 5. The title, where \"RIS\" is an acronym for \"Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche\" (an actual, real-life unit of the Carabinieri, the Italian gendarmerie), could be approximately translated into English as \"Unit of Scientific Investigations: Imperfect Crimes\". As the title indicates, the series is a crime drama, focusing on the scientific aspects of crime investigations, in a similar vein to the popular American TV series \"\" (though RIS is not a remake thereof).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Munich International School", "paragraph_text": "Munich International School (MIS) is a private international school located in Starnberg, south of Munich, Germany. MIS teaches students from EC (Early Child - years 4-5) to grade 12. Students travel from an area around Munich to attend the school, with the help of a school bus network that reaches into the area around Munich, even all the way to Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The School is divided into three groups: Junior, Middle, and Senior School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Thamyris Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Thamyris Glacier (, ‘Lednik Tamiris’ \\'led-nik ta-'mi-ris\\) is a 3 km long and 2.8 km wide glacier draining the east slopes of the Trojan Range on Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Situated east of Iliad Glacier, south of Rhesus Glacier and northwest of Kleptuza Glacier. Flowing northeastwards into Fournier Bay south of Predel Point and north of Madzharovo Point.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kyeon Mi-ri", "paragraph_text": "Kyeon Mi-ri graduated from Seoul Traditional Arts High School in 1983, then studied Dance at Sejong University. She made her acting debut in 1984, and has since become active in television dramas, most notably as the arrogant and ambitious Lady Choi in the 2003 period drama \"Dae Jang Geum\" (or \"Jewel in the Palace\"), which was a hit not only in Korea but throughout Asia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ross Leckie", "paragraph_text": "Ross Leckie attended Drumtochty Castle Preparatory School and Fettes College; at Fettes he gained his interest in classical literature. He studied classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was also President of the Junior Common Room.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Stephen Bann", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Bann CBE, FBA (born 1 August 1942 in Manchester, England) is the Emeritus Professor of History of Art at the University of Bristol. He attended Winchester College and King's College, Cambridge, attaining his PhD in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Henry Thacker", "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121445, "question": "The college Kyeon Mi-ri attended was what?", "answer": "Sejong University", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 444063, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "private university", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "uni", "university", "Private university" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kaskitayo, Edmonton", "paragraph_text": "Kaskitayo is a residential area in the southwest portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1973 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Kaskitayo Outline Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Antioch Review", "paragraph_text": "The Antioch Review is an American literary magazine established in 1941 at Antioch College in Ohio. The magazine is published on a quarterly basis. One of the oldest continuously published literary magazines in the United States, it publishes fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging and established authors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "University of Notre Dame", "paragraph_text": "All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each student is given an academic advisor from the program who helps them to choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested. The program also includes a Learning Resource Center which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring. This program has been recognized previously, by U.S. News & World Report, as outstanding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chester Hills", "paragraph_text": "Chester Hills was author of \"The Builder's Guide\", an architectural pattern book published in 1846, which, like those of Minard Lafever, influenced architecture in the United States. It is a \"practical treatise\" on Greek and Roman style architecture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Times", "paragraph_text": "This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Journal of Diversity in Higher Education", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Diversity in Higher Education is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education. The journal, established in 2008, \"offers research findings, theory, and promising practices to help guide the efforts of institutions of higher education in the pursuit of inclusive excellence.\" The current editor-in-chief is Kimberly A. Griffin of the University of Maryland, College Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Michelin Guide", "paragraph_text": "Michelin Guides (French: Guide Michelin (ɡid miʃ. lɛ̃)) are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide, the oldest European hotel and restaurant reference guide, which awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries, the Green Guides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Philip Hallie", "paragraph_text": "Philip Paul Hallie (1922–1994) was an author, philosopher and professor at Wesleyan University for 32 years. During World War II he served in the US Army. His degrees were from Harvard, Oxford (where he was a Rhodes Scholar at Jesus College from 1949 to 1951) and Grinnell College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Oxford College of Pharmacy", "paragraph_text": "The Oxford College of Pharmacy is a private college run under The Oxford Educational Institutions, which is the academic arms of the Children's Education Society in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The Oxford College of Pharmacy was established in 1992. Over a period of years, the college has produced Pharmacists who are serving the profession by working in fields of Pharmacy like marketing, R&D, production, and academics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Brennan torpedo", "paragraph_text": "The Brennan torpedo was a torpedo patented by Irish-born Australian inventor Louis Brennan in 1877. It was propelled by two contra-rotating propellors that were spun by rapidly pulling out wires from drums wound inside the torpedo. Differential speed on the wires connected to the shore station allowed the torpedo to be guided to its target, up to away, at speeds of up to .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Derek Croxton", "paragraph_text": "Derek Croxton is an American academic specialized in history. He authored several articles on military and diplomatic aspects of the Thirty Years' War. Croxton wrote \"\". He also worked as Adjunct Professor at Madonna College and has taught at Ohio State University and at Columbus State Community College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Summit Christian College", "paragraph_text": "Summit Christian College, based in Gering, Nebraska, United States, was established in 1951 in Scottsbluff, Nebraska as Platte Valley Bible College. Accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Learning (ABHE), Summit Christian College offers on-campus and distance education programs leading to bachelor (four-year), associate (two-year) and certificate (one-year) degrees in Christian Studies, Ministry Studies, Biblical Studies with emphasis on language and/or missions, and Christian Foundations. The college is historically affiliated with non-denominational, Christian churches and churches of Christ of the Restoration Movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin", "paragraph_text": "Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin: How To Get By On, Like, €10,000 A Day is a 2008 faux-travel guide by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard, as part of the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series. It takes the form of a tourist guide to South Dublin, written by Ross and his friends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Artist's Widow", "paragraph_text": "The Artist's Widow is a novel written by British author Shena Mackay and first published in 1998 by Jonathan Cape. It is mentioned twice in the \"Bloomsbury Good Reading Guide\" (2003)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Manangorai", "paragraph_text": "Manangorai is a village in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is the only village inside Thanjavur to have an Engineering college.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Joe Leydon", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Patrick Michael \"Joe\" Leydon (born August 22, 1952) is an American film critic and historian. A critic and correspondent for \"Variety\" since 1990, he is the author of \"Joe Leydon's Guide to Essential Movies You Must See\" (Michael Wiese Productions), and was a contributing critic for \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\". He is also a founding member of Houston Film Critics Society and a senior writer for \"Cowboys & Indians Magazine\". Since 2001, Leydon has been an instructor at Houston Community College and the Jack J. Valenti School of Communication at University of Houston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ellen Schulz Quillin", "paragraph_text": "Ellen Dorothy Schulz Quillin (June 16, 1892 – May 6, 1970) was an American botanist, author, and museum director who helped establish the Witte Museum in San Antonio, Texas. She was the museum's director from 1926 to 1960. Quillin also wrote several field guides relating to plants in Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges", "paragraph_text": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges is a college educational guide which has been published annually by the student editorial staff of the \"Yale Daily News\" for over four decades. It provides insight to prospective undergraduate students using first-hand accounts of attending students as well as an overview of the admissions process.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. Established in 1872, The Yale Record is the world's oldest humor magazine. Newspapers include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, and the weekly Yale Herald, which was first published in 1986. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend. WYBC Yale Radio is the campus's radio station, owned and operated by students. While students used to broadcast on AM & FM frequencies, they now have an Internet-only stream.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "paragraph_text": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 446183, "question": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges >> author", "answer": "Yale Daily News", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 21489, "question": "In what year was #1 established?", "answer": "1878", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Utah Attorney General", "paragraph_text": "The Attorney General of Utah is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Utah. The attorney general is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state. The office is elected, with a term of four years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Archdeacon of Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "The Archdeacon of Cambridge is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Ely. The archdeacon is responsible for some clergy discipline and pastoral care in the Archdeaconry of Cambridge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Legislature of the Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The territorial legislature meets in the capital of Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the \"Statutory registration of architects\" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on \"Education\" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a \"Visiting Board\" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of \"recognized schools\" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Women's Boat Race", "paragraph_text": "The course covers a 4.2 miles (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Members of both crews are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a ``Blue Boat '', with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. As of 2018 Cambridge have won the race 43 times and Oxford 30 times. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. The women's race has received television coverage and grown in popularity since 2015, attracting a television audience of 4.8 million viewers that year. The 2018 race was won by Cambridge by around seven lengths.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bank Saderat Iran", "paragraph_text": "Bank Saderat Iran has around 3,500 offices in 12 countries and territories across Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and around 10 million customers. As of 30 June 2013, it had total assets of $59.110 billion. BSI has 28 international branches and services in 12 countries. BSI has a primary listing on the Tehran Stock Exchange.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Modern Asian Studies", "paragraph_text": "Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press. The journal was established in 1967 by the Syndics of the University of Cambridge and the Committee of Directors at the Centre of South Asian Studies (CSAS), a joint initiative among SOAS University of London, University of Cambridge, University of Hull, University of Leeds, and University of Sheffield. The journal covers the history, sociology, economics, and culture of modern Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States federal civil service", "paragraph_text": "According to the Office of Personnel Management, as of December 2011, there were approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the U.S. government. This includes employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch), such as over 600,000 employees in the U.S. Postal Service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "East of England", "paragraph_text": "The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Cambridge History of Iran", "paragraph_text": "The Cambridge History of Iran is a multi-volume survey of Iranian history published by Cambridge University Press. The seven volumes cover \"the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent, from prehistoric times up to the present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "United States federal civil service", "paragraph_text": "According to the Office of Personnel Management, as of December 2011, there were approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the U.S. government. This includes employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches of government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch), such as over 600,000 employees in the U.S. Postal Service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mioara Mantale", "paragraph_text": "Between 1996 and 2005, Mioara Mantale worked as a Law Adviser for the International Bank of Religions branch in Iaşi, and later for the central offices of Bancorex, Allianz Romania, and a stock broker firm in Bucharest. In 2000, she was elected to the General Council of Bucharest, serving as member of its Judicial and Economic Committee until 2002. In 2002-2004, she was a civil society representative on the Bucharest Territorial Authority for Public Order. Reelected to the General Council in 2004, Mantale was its President until 2005, while serving as President of the Territorial Authority, before being appointed Prefect. In August 2007, she was dismissed from her office, being instead appointed Subprefect of Bucharest. She was dismissed from that office in July 2010, being named a government inspector.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Boat Race", "paragraph_text": "The course covers a 4.2 - mile (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Members of both teams are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a ``Blue Boat '', with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. As of 2018, Cambridge has won the men's race 83 times and Oxford 80 times, with one dead heat. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1930. In the women's race, Cambridge have won the race 43 times and Oxford 30 times. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. A reserve boat race has been held since 1965 for the men and 1966 for the women.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nikita Petrovich Panin", "paragraph_text": "Count Nikita Petrovich Panin (Russian: Ники́та Петро́вич Па́нин) (1770–1837), a Russian diplomat, vice-chancellor, State Chancellor 6 October 1799 – 18 November 1800 (acting) and Foreign Minister of Russia. He was a nephew of Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin, son of Petr Ivanovich Panin, son-in-law of Count . Nikita P. Panin plotted the assassination of Paul I of Russia together with Count Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen and the Russo-Neapolitan Admiral José de Ribas. Ribas died before the assassination, which was actually carried out on 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1801 by a band of dismissed officers headed by General Bennigsen, a Hanoverian in the Russian service, and General Yashvil, a Georgian. The assassination brought Alexander I of Russia to the throne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 7483, "question": "What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?", "answer": "the East of England", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 160863, "question": "When was #1 birthed?", "answer": "1994", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Biblical apocrypha", "paragraph_text": "The preface to the Apocrypha in the Geneva Bible explained that while these books ``were not received by a common consent to be read and expounded publicly in the Church, ''and did not serve`` to prove any point of Christian religion save in so much as they had the consent of the other scriptures called canonical to confirm the same,'' nonetheless, ``as books proceeding from godly men they were received to be read for the advancement and furtherance of the knowledge of history and for the instruction of godly manners. ''Later, during the English Civil War, the Westminster Confession of 1647 excluded the Apocrypha from the canon and made no recommendation of the Apocrypha above`` other human writings'', and this attitude towards the Apocrypha is represented by the decision of the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 19th century not to print it (see below). Today, ``English Bibles with the Apocrypha are becoming more popular again ''and they are often printed as intertestamental books.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Private school", "paragraph_text": "Religiously affiliated and denominational schools form a subcategory of private schools. Some such schools teach religious education, together with the usual academic subjects to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions in the students who attend. Others use the denomination as more of a general label to describe on what the founders based their belief, while still maintaining a fine distinction between academics and religion. They include parochial schools, a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox Christians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Seven Archangels", "paragraph_text": "The most notable reference to a group of seven Archangels appears to have been borrowed from the Jewish Pseudepigrapha, namely the 250 BC Book of the Watchers, which at some point was merged with some other books in what is known today as 1 Enoch (the Book of Enoch), and was made part of the Ethiopian Christian movement scriptural cannon, though by the seventh century it was rejected by Christian leaders from all other denominations as canonical scripture, and despite having been prevalent in Jewish and early Christian Apostolic traditions (as well as the early Christian leaders writings) the book just fell from academic and religious status in regards to the rest of the canonical scripture, resulting in the text not being found in most parts of the World, as it was forbidden, from 7th Century AD onwards. The list of Angels survived only as part of oral traditions that differed to one another depending on the geographical area that they were present, and thus many different lists of angels (termed ``Archangels '') exist, but to different levels of acceptance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Immanuel", "paragraph_text": "Immanuel (Hebrew: עִמָּנוּאֵל ‬ meaning, ``God with us ''; also romanized Emmanuel, Imanu'el) is a Hebrew name which appears in the Book of Isaiah as a sign that God will protect the House of David. The Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 1: 22 -- 23) quotes part of this,`` a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel'', as a prophecy of the birth of the Messiah and the fulfillment of Scripture in the person of Jesus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hindu philosophy", "paragraph_text": "The Mīmāṃsā school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dominican Order", "paragraph_text": "As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a regular canon under the Rule of St. Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New Testament", "paragraph_text": "Collections of related texts such as letters of the Apostle Paul (a major collection of which must have been made already by the early 2nd century) and the Canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (asserted by Irenaeus of Lyon in the late - 2nd century as the Four Gospels) gradually were joined to other collections and single works in different combinations to form various Christian canons of Scripture. Over time, some disputed books, such as the Book of Revelation and the Minor Catholic (General) Epistles were introduced into canons in which they were originally absent. Other works earlier held to be Scripture, such as 1 Clement, the Shepherd of Hermas, and the Diatessaron, were excluded from the New Testament. The Old Testament canon is not completely uniform among all major Christian groups including Roman Catholics, Protestants, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Slavic Orthodox Churches, and the Armenian Orthodox Church. However, the twenty - seven - book canon of the New Testament, at least since Late Antiquity, has been almost universally recognized within Christianity (see Development of the New Testament canon).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Latin Mass", "paragraph_text": "A further distancing between the concepts of ``Tridentine Mass ''and`` Latin Mass'' was brought about by the 1964 Instruction on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council, which laid down that ``normally the epistle and gospel from the Mass of the day shall be read in the vernacular ''. Episcopal conferences were to decide, with the consent of the Holy See, what other parts, if any, of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular. Permissions were thus granted from 1967 onwards to celebrate most of the Tridentine Mass in vernacular languages, including the Canon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Canon law", "paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Deuterocanonical books", "paragraph_text": "Philip Schaff says that ``the Council of Hippo in 393, and the third (according to another reckoning the sixth) Council of Carthage in 397, under the influence of Augustine, who attended both, fixed the catholic canon of the Holy Scriptures, including the Apocrypha of the Old Testament,... This decision of the transmarine church however, was subject to ratification; and the concurrence of the Roman see it received when Innocent I and Gelasius I (AD 414) repeated the same index of biblical books. Schaff says that this canon remained undisturbed till the sixteenth century, and was sanctioned by the council of Trent at its fourth session, ''although as the Catholic Encyclopedia reports,`` in the Latin Church, all through the Middle Ages we find evidence of hesitation about the character of the deuterocanonicals... Few are found to unequivocally acknowledge their canonicity,'' but that the countless manuscript copies of the Vulgate produced by these ages, with a slight, probably accidental, exception, uniformly embrace the complete Roman Catholic Old Testament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qurʼān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture). The latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a definite article (al-), the word is referred to as the \"revelation\" (waḥy), that which has been \"sent down\" (tanzīl) at intervals. Other related words are: dhikr (remembrance), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning, and ḥikmah (wisdom), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Book of Moses", "paragraph_text": "The Book of Moses, dictated by Joseph Smith, is part of the scriptural canon for some in the Latter Day Saint movement. The book begins with the \"Visions of Moses,\" a prologue to the story of the creation and the fall of man (Moses chapter 1), and continues with material corresponding to Smith's revision (JST) of the first six chapters of the Book of Genesis (Moses chapters 2–5, 8), interrupted by two chapters of \"extracts from the prophecy of Enoch\" (Moses chapters 6–7). Portions of the Book of Moses were originally published separately by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1851, but later combined and published as the Book of Moses in the Pearl of Great Price, one of the four books of its scriptural canon. The same material is published by the Community of Christ as parts of its Doctrine and Covenants and Inspired Version of the Bible.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "John Hartcliffe", "paragraph_text": "John Hartcliffe (1651 - 16 August 1712) was a Canon of Windsor from 1691 to 1712 and Headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking \"refuge in the triple gem\" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Canon FP", "paragraph_text": "The Canon FP is a 35 mm SLR introduced by Canon Inc. of Japan in October 1964, using the new Canon FL lens mount.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Epistle of James", "paragraph_text": "The Epistle of James was included among the twenty - seven New Testament books first listed by Athanasius of Alexandria in his Thirty - Ninth Festal Epistle (AD 367) and was confirmed as a canonical epistle of the New Testament by a series of councils in the Fourth Century. Today, virtually all denominations of Christianity consider this book to be a canonical epistle of the New Testament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Catholic Bible", "paragraph_text": "The Catholic Bible is the Bible comprising the whole 73 - book canon recognized by the Catholic Church, including the deuterocanonical books.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2946, "question": "What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?", "answer": "the Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bill Cosby Sings Hooray for the Salvation Army Band!", "paragraph_text": "Bill Cosby Sings Hooray for the Salvation Army Band! (1968) is the seventh album by Bill Cosby. This was his second studio album to feature his singing, and features less serious renditions (often with satirical lyrics written or improvised by Cosby) of then-current rock and soul hits. As on his previous, debut music album \"\", he is backed by the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Moon River", "paragraph_text": "Mercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul ``Fred ''Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, and accompanying herself on the guitar, while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Beyoncé", "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's \"Imagine\" to beat 15/16-year-olds. In fall of 1990, Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she would perform with the school's choir. She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts and later Alief Elsik High School. Beyoncé was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church as a soloist for two years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Carnival", "paragraph_text": "The most famous groups are the chirigotas, choirs and comparsas. The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year. The Choirs (coros) are wider groups that go on open carts through the streets singing with an orchestra of guitars and lutes. Their signature piece is the \"Carnival Tango\", alternating comical and serious repertory. The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients. They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Northwestern University", "paragraph_text": "Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Jodie Markell, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zach Braff, Zooey Deschanel, Marg Helgenberger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jerry Orbach, Jennifer Jones, Megan Mullally, John Cameron Mitchell, Dermot Mulroney, Charlton Heston, Richard Kind, Ana Gasteyer, Brad Hall, Shelley Long, William Daniels, Cloris Leachman, Bonnie Bartlett, Paula Prentiss, Richard Benjamin, Laura Innes, Charles Busch, Stephanie March, Tony Roberts, Jeri Ryan, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, McLean Stevenson, Tony Randall, Charlotte Rae, Paul Lynde, Patricia Neal, Nancy Dussault, Robert Reed, Mara Brock Akil, Greg Berlanti, Bill Nuss, Dusty Kay, Dan Shor, Seth Meyers, Frank DeCaro, Zach Gilford, Nicole Sullivan, Stephen Colbert, Sandra Seacat and Garry Marshall. Directors who were graduated from Northwestern include Gerald Freedman, Stuart Hagmann, Marshall W. Mason, and Mary Zimmerman. Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952 to 1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award-winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987. Alumni such as Sheldon Harnick, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have distinguished themselves on Broadway, as has designer Bob Mackie. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent. Tam Spiva wrote scripts for The Brady Bunch and Gentle Ben. In New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, the number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is so large that a perception has formed that there's such a thing as a \"Northwestern mafia.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Harriet Spicer", "paragraph_text": "She lived in Chelsea prior to attending Lillsden School for Girls and then Benenden School. In 1968 she spent some time working for Richard Branson's \"Student\" magazine. She went on to graduate from St Anne's College, Oxford University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gavrik Losey", "paragraph_text": "Gavrik was born in New York, the son of film director Joseph Losey and fashion designer Elizabeth Hawes. He attended the Little Red SchoolHouse in Manhattan, Poughkeepsie Day School in Poughkeepsie, and high school in New Jersey. After graduating, he travelled with his blacklisted father to England where he attended University College London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jennifer Morrison", "paragraph_text": "Morrison was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Arlington Heights, Illinois. She is the oldest of three children; her sister, Julia, is a singer-songwriter and music therapist, and her brother, Daniel, is a high school band director. Her father, David L. Morrison, is a retired music teacher and high school band director who was named Teacher of the Year by the Illinois State Board of Education in 2003.Morrison attended South Middle School, and then graduated from Prospect High School (where her parents worked) in 1997. She was friends with writer Ian Brennan. She was an All-State clarinet player in the school's marching band, sang in the choir, and was a cheerleader in the school pep squad. She attended Loyola University Chicago, where she majored in Theatre and minored in English, graduating in 2000. She studied at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company before moving to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career in acting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Kenneth Sandford", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Sandford was born Kenneth Parkin in Godalming, Surrey and raised in Sheffield, where his father became landlord of a pub. Sandford hoped to be an artist, studying painting at the College of Arts and Crafts in Sheffield, where he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. After he returned from service in the Royal Air Force during World War II, he attended that college, but he took up singing and became intrigued by the theatre. He began to perform in musicals, concerts and oratorios and switched to opera school. At this time he adopted his mother's maiden name as his professional surname, believing that Parkin \"hardly rang with theatrical overtones.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Mowsley", "paragraph_text": "The Church of England School in Mowsley was built in 1864, but there had been a Sunday school in the village from 1833, which was attended by 17 boys and 22 girls. By 1871 there were 18 boys and 18 girls who attended the new school and in 1872 a school committee was formed who assumed responsibility for the ongoing management of the school, which had previously been the remit of the rector and the Churchwardens. A school mistress was also appointed in this year at a salary of £22 10s a year. In 1892, the cost of the general management and upkeep of the school was £64. The number of pupils two years later was just 16. In 1900 the school attendance had increased to 22, due to the closure of Laughton school and the subsequent transfer of its students to Mowsley. In 1923 it was decided that children over the age of 11 would attend the 'senior top' at Husbands Bosworth National School, however this was a fairly short lived arrangement, because the 'senior top' closed in 1930, transferring all senior pupils to Church Langton. The school in Mowsley continued as a junior school for the Mowsley and Laughton districts and in 1933 it had 35 pupils in attendance. The junior school eventually came under the jurisdiction of the local authority and by 1958, it had an attendance of 22.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin", "paragraph_text": "Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin is a 1979 album by Rosemary Clooney, of songs with lyrics by Ira Gershwin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "A Grand Night for Singing", "paragraph_text": "A Grand Night for Singing is a musical revue showcasing the music of Richard Rodgers and the lyrics of Oscar Hammerstein II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Fulton County School System", "paragraph_text": "As of the 2012 - 2013 school year, Fulton has 11,500 full - time employees, including 7,500 teachers and other certified personnel, who work in 99 schools and 15 administrative and support buildings. Approximately 94,000 students attend classes in 58 elementary schools, 19 middle schools, 15 high schools, and seven charter schools.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "A Time for Singing", "paragraph_text": "A Time for Singing is a musical with music by John Morris, lyrics by Gerald Freedman and John Morris, and a book by Freedman and Morris. The work was based on Richard Llewellyn's novel of a Welsh mining village, \"How Green Was My Valley\". The show takes place in the memory of Protestant minister David Griffith, recalling conflict within the Morgan family over the possible formation of a miners' union within the village, and the romance between Griffith himself and Angharad of the Morgans, who ultimately marries the mine owner instead.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Benjamin Franklin", "paragraph_text": "Josiah wanted Ben to attend school with the clergy, but only had enough money to send him to school for two years. He attended Boston Latin School but did not graduate; he continued his education through voracious reading. Although \"his parents talked of the church as a career\" for Franklin, his schooling ended when he was ten. He worked for his father for a time, and at 12 he became an apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who taught Ben the printing trade. When Ben was 15, James founded The New-England Courant, which was the first truly independent newspaper in the colonies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "A cappella", "paragraph_text": "The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unsusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools (music schools) with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "By 1900, 34 states had compulsory schooling laws; four were in the South. 30 states with compulsory schooling laws required attendance until age 14 (or higher). As a result, by 1910, 72 percent of American children attended school. Half the nation's children attended one - room schools. In 1918, every state required students to complete elementary school.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vocal jazz", "paragraph_text": "Vocal jazz or jazz singing is an instrumental approach to the voice, where the singer can match the instruments in their stylistic approach to the lyrics, improvised or otherwise, or through scat singing; that is, the use of non-morphemic syllables to imitate the sound of instruments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gurcharan Das", "paragraph_text": "Gurcharan Das graduated with honours from Harvard University in Philosophy. He was later attended Harvard Business School (AMP), where he is featured in three case studies. He was CEO of Procter & Gamble India and later managing director, Procter & Gamble Worldwide (Strategic Planning). At age 50, he took early retirement to become a full-time writer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Candace Smith", "paragraph_text": "Smith attended the University of Dayton on a full academic scholarship and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a minor in Communications. During this time, she completed a Communications and Marketing program at the University of London. Smith attended law school at Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago. After passing the Ohio Bar exam in 2002, she began practicing commercial real estate law at the largest law firm in Ohio. During this time, she won the title of Miss Ohio USA.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 607476, "question": "A Time for Singing >> lyrics by", "answer": "Gerald Freedman", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 26791, "question": "Where did director #1 attend school?", "answer": "Northwestern's School of Communication", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "paragraph_text": "Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "South Sudan", "paragraph_text": "On 9 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th independent country in Africa and since 14 July 2011, South Sudan is the 193rd member of the United Nations. On 27 July 2011 South Sudan became the 54th country to join the African Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yannick Nyanga", "paragraph_text": "Yannick Nyanga (born 19 December 1983 in Kinshasa, Zaire) is a professional rugby union player who plays flanker for Racing 92 and France, and is also known for his long tenure at Toulouse. He was a part of the victorious French team of the 2006 Six Nations Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Caine Prize", "paragraph_text": "The Caine Prize for African Writing is an annual literary award for the best original short story by an African writer, whether in Africa or elsewhere, published in the English language. The £10,000 prize was founded in the United Kingdom in 2000, and was named in memory of Sir Michael Harris Caine, former Chairman of Booker Group plc. Because of the Caine Prize's connection to the Booker Prize, the award is sometimes called the \"African Booker\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Flag of Kenya", "paragraph_text": "The flag of Kenya (Swahili: Bendera ya Kenya) is a tricolour of black, red, and green with two white edges imposed with an red, white and black Maasai shield and two crossed spears. The flag is based on that of Kenya African National Union and was officially adopted on 12 December 1963 after Kenya's independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Premier of the Northern Cape", "paragraph_text": "Name Elected Left office Party Dipico! Manne Dipico 000000001994 - 05 - 07 - 0000 7 May 1994 30 April 2004 African National Congress Peters! Elizabeth Dipuo Peters 000000002004 - 04 - 30 - 0000 30 April 2004 6 May 2009 African National Congress Jenkins! Hazel Jenkins 000000002009 - 05 - 06 - 0000 6 May 2009 26 February 2012 African National Congress Cjiekella! Grizelda Cjiekella (acting) 000000002012 - 02 - 26 - 0000 26 February 2012 2 April 2013 African National Congress Lucas! Sylvia Lucas (acting until 23 May) 000000002013 - 04 - 02 - 0000 2 April 2013 incumbent African National Congress", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration. Namibia became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990. On its independence it became the fiftieth member of the Commonwealth of Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "State Security Council", "paragraph_text": "The State Security Council (SSC) was formed in South Africa in 1972 to advise the government on the country's national policy and strategy concerning security, its implementation and determining security priorities. Its role changed through the prime ministerships of John Vorster and PW Botha (later State President), being little used during the formers and during the latter’s, controlling all aspects of South African public's lives by becoming the Cabinet. During those years he would implement a Total National Strategy, Total Counter-revolutionary Strategy and finally in the mid-eighties, established the National Security Management System (NSMS). After FW de Klerk's rise to the role of State President, the Cabinet would eventually regain control of the management of the country. After the 1994 elections a committee called National Intelligence Co-ordinating Committee was formed to advise the South African president on security and intelligence as well as its implementation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_text": "After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960. However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "David Hardt", "paragraph_text": "David Hardt is an American Politician from the State of Texas. He is the former President of the Young Democrats of America (2007–2009), a former member of the Democratic National Committee and Executive Committee of the DNC. He was elected as the President of the Dallas County Young Democrats in 2005, which during his tenure grew to become the second largest chapter of Young Democrats in the Nation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "John Moeti", "paragraph_text": "John Moeti (born 30 August 1967) is a South African former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder. Moeti played club football for Orlando Pirates and SuperSport United; he also earned 29 caps for the South African national side between 1995 and 1999, scoring one goal. Moeti won the CAF Champions League in 1995 when Pirates defeated ASEC Mimosas of Ivory Coast in the final. He was part of the squad that won the 1996 African Cup of Nations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Yugoslavia at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "George Lewis Seaton House", "paragraph_text": "The George Lewis Seaton House, located at 404 South Royal Street in Alexandria, Virginia and listed in the National Register of Historic Places, is the former home of George Lewis Seaton, a nineteenth-century African-American civic and political leader.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Garth Pettitt", "paragraph_text": "Robert Garth Pettitt (14 August 1932—29 May 1992) was a British civil servant in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and subsequently worked at the Overseas Development Authority. His work was vital for the process of becoming independent for a number of former British territories in the Pacific.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Zaire", "paragraph_text": "Zaire (/ zɑːˈɪər /), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre; French pronunciation: ​ (za. iʁ)), was the name for the Democratic Republic of the Congo that existed between 1971 and 1997 in Central Africa. The country was a one - party totalitarian dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution and foreign assets were nationalised. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jirès Kembo Ekoko", "paragraph_text": "Jirès Kembo Ekoko (born 8 January 1988) is a French Congolese footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish club Bursaspor. His father is Kembo Uba Kembo, who played for DR Congo (formerly Zaire) national team in the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kembo Ekoko is a former youth international for France.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ahmed Faras", "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Faras () (born 7 December 1946 in Mohammedia) is a former Moroccan striker. He was named African Footballer of the Year in 1975, and spent all of his playing career with his native Chabab Mohammédia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2010 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 FIFA World Cup was the 19th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It took place in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July 2010. The bidding process for hosting the tournament finals was open only to African nations. In 2004, the international football federation, FIFA, selected South Africa over Egypt and Morocco to become the first African nation to host the finals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "South African Defence Force", "paragraph_text": "The South African Defence Force (SADF) comprised the South African armed forces from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu", "paragraph_text": "Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu (1947 in Élisabethville, Belgian Congo – 1981 in Zaire), commonly abbreviated to TKM, was a noted artist and painter from Zaire (the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). TKM worked within the style termed \"African popular art\" or \"genre painting\" and is known for his prolific paintings depicting key moments of Congolese history as they appeared in folk memory. TKM disappeared in 1981 and is believed to have been killed in rioting.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 46304, "question": "zaire is the former name of which african nation", "answer": "the Democratic Republic of the Congo", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 83854, "question": "when did #1 become independent", "answer": "1960", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Leonardo Donato", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Donà, or Donato (Venice, February 12, 1536 – Venice, July 16, 1612) was the 90th Doge of Venice, reigning from January 10, 1606 until his death. His reign is chiefly remembered for Venice's dispute with the papacy, which resulted in Pope Paul V placing a papal interdict on Venice 1606–1607.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Adolf Muench House", "paragraph_text": "The Adolf Muench House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The 1884 house designed by Emil W. Ulrici overlooks Saint Paul from the bluffs east of downtown.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Saint Peter", "paragraph_text": "According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar. It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus. Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel. His remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first - century Roman cemetery. Every 29 June since 1736, a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara, ring of the fisherman, and papal vestments, as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul. According to Catholic doctrine, the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is the incumbent pope, currently Pope Francis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Peter and Paul Fortress", "paragraph_text": "Today it has been adapted as the central and most important part of the State Museum of Saint Petersburg History. The museum has gradually become virtually the sole owner of the fortress building, except the structure occupied by the Saint Petersburg Mint (Monetniy Dvor).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dennis, Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Dennis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Delaware County, Oklahoma, United States, near Grand Lake. The population was 195 at the 2010 census. The Dennis Post Office existed from March 25, 1914, until January 31, 1956. It is said to be named for a local resident, Peter Dennis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dongdaemun Design Plaza", "paragraph_text": "The Dongdaemun Design Plaza, also called the DDP, is a major urban development landmark in Seoul, South Korea designed by Zaha Hadid and Samoo, with a distinctively neofuturistic design characterized by the \"powerful, curving forms of elongated structures\". The landmark is the centerpiece of South Korea's fashion hub and popular tourist destination, Dongdaemun, featuring a walkable park on its roofs, large global exhibition spaces, futuristic retail stores and restored parts of the Seoul fortress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Paul Mactire", "paragraph_text": "Paul Mactire, also known as Paul MacTyre, and Paul M'Tyre, was a 14th-century Scotsman who lived in the north of Scotland. He appears in several contemporary records, as well as in a 15th-century genealogy which records his supposed ancestry. He is known to have married a niece of the brother of the Earl of Ross. According to later tradition, he was a notorious robber, or freebooter in the north of Scotland; and, according to local tradition, he was the builder of a now ruinous fortress in Sutherland. He is said to be the ancestor of several Scottish families. According to some sources Paul Mactire's father was Leod Macgilleandrais.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Siege of Ascalon", "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Ascalon took place in 1153, resulting in the capture of that Egyptian fortress by the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Olaf Lee House", "paragraph_text": "The Olaf Lee House was built in 1905 at 955 Jessie Street North in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is significant for its sophisticated Swiss Chalet and American Craftsman design by Clarence H. Johnston, Sr..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Peter and Paul Fortress", "paragraph_text": "The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. In the early 1920s, it was still used as a prison and execution ground by the Bolshevik government.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Paul the Apostle", "paragraph_text": "Saint Paul Apostle of the Gentiles Saint Paul by Bartolomeo Montagna Native name שאול התרסי (Sha'ul ha - Tarsi, Saul of Tarsus) Personal details c. AD 5 Tarsus, Cilicia, Roman Empire → c. AD 67 (aged 61 -- 62) probably in Rome, Roman Empire Sainthood Feast day January 25 (Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul) February 10 (Feast of Saint Paul's Shipwreck in Malta) June 29 (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) June 30 (former solo feast day, still celebrated by some religious orders) November 18 (Feast of the dedication of the basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul) Canonized by Pre-Congregation Attributes Sword Patronage Missions; Theologians; Gentile Christians", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Portrait of a Commander", "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Commander or A Commander Being Dressed for Battle is a portrait of an unknown man in plate armour, normally attributed to Peter Paul Rubens. In July 2010 it was sold for £9 million by Christie's after Sotheby's turned it down, suspecting its authenticity as a Rubens. In December 2011, the portrait was placed on loan with the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Maison Alcan", "paragraph_text": "Maison Alcan was designed by the Montreal-based architectural firm of Arcop (Architects in co-partnership), with Ray Affleck as lead architect. Peter Rose collaborated with Peter Lanken on the interior planning and design.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress", "paragraph_text": "Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress (Swedish:; both names meaning \"Swedish Strait\") is a fortification system in Kotka, Finland. It is part of the South-Eastern Finland fortification system built by Russia after Russo-Swedish War of 1788-1790. Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress formed the southern part of a double fortress together with Kyminlinna and it was built to counter the Swedish sea fortresses of Svartholm in Loviisa and Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) in Helsinki. Ruotsinsalmi also acted as an outpost of the Kronstadt sea fortress in Saint Petersburg. During the Crimean War, a British-French fleet destroyed the Ruotsinsalmi fortifications in 1855.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rubenshuis", "paragraph_text": "The Rubenshuis (\"Rubens House\") is the former home and workshop of Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) in Antwerp. Purchased in 1610, Rubens had the Flemish townhouse renovated and extended on the basis of designs by Rubens himself. After the renovations the house and its courtyard garden had the outlook of an Italian palazzo, which reflected Rubens' artistic ideals. The ensemble is now a museum dedicated mainly to the work of Rubens and his contemporaries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Peter, Paul and Mary", "paragraph_text": "Peter, Paul and Mary was an American folk group formed in New York City in 1961, during the American folk music revival phenomenon. The trio was composed of tenor Peter Yarrow, baritone Noel Paul Stookey and alto Mary Travers. The group's repertoire included songs written by Yarrow and Stookey, as well as covers written by other folk musicians. After the death of Travers in 2009, Yarrow and Stookey continued to perform as a duo under their individual names.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus", "paragraph_text": "The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus is a 1618 painting by Peter Paul Rubens. It is now on show in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Westminster Abbey", "paragraph_text": "Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression \"robbing Peter to pay Paul\" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Andrey Dostoevsky", "paragraph_text": "In late 1841 Andrey Dostoyevsky moved to Saint Petersburg. The following year he entered the Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, graduating in June 1848. Subsequently, he worked as an engineer in Saint Petersburg. He had none of the literary talent of his brothers Fyodor and Mikhail. In 1849 Andrey was arrested as a member of Petrashevsky Circle and placed in Peter and Paul Fortress, because he was mistaken for Mikhail. 13 days later Andrey was released, but this incident ruined his career. Because of the relations to Dostoyevsky family, he was sent out of Saint Petersburg and appointed as head architect in Elisavetgrad. In July 1850 Andrey Dostoyevsky married Domnika Fedorchenko. They had 2 sons and 2 daughters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Leaving on a Jet Plane", "paragraph_text": "``Leaving on a Jet Plane ''is a song written by John Denver in 1966 and most famously recorded by Peter, Paul and Mary. The original title of the song was`` Babe, I Hate to Go'', as featured on his 1966 studio album John Denver Sings, but Denver's then producer Milt Okun convinced him to change the title. Peter, Paul and Mary recorded the song for their 1967 Album 1700 but only released it as a single in 1969.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 94429, "question": "Who designed Peter and Paul Fortress?", "answer": "Domenico Trezzini", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 480639, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "Petersburg", "St. Petersburg" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mr. Monk and the End", "paragraph_text": "``Mr. Monk and the End ''is the two - part series finale of the USA Network original criminal mystery dramedy television series, Monk. It is the fifteenth and sixteenth episodes of the eighth and final season, and is the 124th and 125th episodes in the series overall. Adrian Monk (Tony Shalhoub) finally discovers his wife Trudy's (Melora Hardin) murderer after twelve years of searching, concluding a seven - year, eight - season long arc. When`` Part 2'' aired, it set a series high and a new viewership record for the most watched episode of a regular drama series ever in basic cable with 9.4 million viewers. Both parts were written by series creator Andy Breckman and directed by Randall Zisk.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Republic Day (Nepal)", "paragraph_text": "Republic Day (Nepali: गणतन्त्र दिवस) is a special day in the history of Nepal that commemorates the inception of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on May 29, 2008. The establishment of the republic put an end to civil strife that had lasted for years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tooth Fairy, Where Are You?", "paragraph_text": "Tooth Fairy, Where Are You? is a 25-minute made for TV animated short produced by Lacewood Productions and directed by Paul Schibli. It was originally broadcast on Canada's CTV Television Network in the year 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "International Day of Yoga", "paragraph_text": "International Day of Yoga, or commonly and unofficially referred to as Yoga Day, is celebrated annually on 21 June since its inception in 2015. An international day for yoga was declared unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). Yoga is a physical, mental and spiritual practice originated in India. The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his UN address suggested the date of 21 June, as it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and shares a special significance in many parts of the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alt for Norge", "paragraph_text": "Alt for Norge (\"All for Norway\", though marketed in the United States as \"The Great Norway Adventure\") is a Norwegian reality television series which debuted in 2010 and appears on TVNorge and hosted by . The reality show features Norwegian Americans participating in challenges relating to Norwegian history and culture, competing to win a reunion with their distant Norwegian relatives. The original Norwegian concept has also been exported to Sweden and Denmark.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Food Network Star (season 11)", "paragraph_text": "Food Network Star (season 11) Country of origin United States No. of episodes 11 Release Original network Food Network Original release June 7 (2015 - 06 - 07) -- August 16, 2015 (2015 - 08 - 16) Additional information No. of contestants 12 Winner Eddie Jackson Season chronology ← Previous Season 10 Next → Season 12", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Trams in Johannesburg", "paragraph_text": "The Johannesburg tramway network formed part of the public transport system in Johannesburg, South Africa, for just over 70 years until the start of the 1960s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Discovery Networks UK", "paragraph_text": "Discovery Networks UK started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe (DNE). In early 2007, DNE was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. As of 2011 Discovery Networks Europe has merged its operations in the UK, Nordic region and other parts of Western Europe to form Discovery Networks Western Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Shivers (Austin, Texas)", "paragraph_text": "The band was an early alt-country groundbreaker, touring widely and continuously in the US for several years, including the SXSW Music Conference three years running (1994–1996, the New Music Seminar (1995), the Northwest Independent Music Conference (1996) and NXNW (1997).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bankplassen", "paragraph_text": "Bankplassen ('The Bank Square') is a square in the neighborhood Kvadraturen in Oslo, bounded by Kongens gate, Myntgata and Kirkegata. Before 1953, Agnes Thorsens plass was also part of Bankplassen. The square takes its name after the building of the Christiania Department's Norges Bank located at 3 Bankplassen, built in 1830 as a division office after designs by architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. It is now used by the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. It received in 2008 an addition designed by architect Sverre Fehn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "German keyboard layout", "paragraph_text": "The characters 2, 3, (, (,),),\\, @,, μ, ~ (and, since the late 1990s, €) are accessed by holding the AltGr key and tapping the other key. The Alt key on the left will not access these additional characters. Alternatively Ctrl + Alt and pressing the respective key also produce the alternative characters on some operating systems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Helensburgh Tigers", "paragraph_text": "The Helensburgh Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team based in Helensburgh, a country town of the Illawarra region. The club are a part of Country Rugby League and has competed in the Illawarra Rugby League premiership since its inception in 1911.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Inception", "paragraph_text": "Inception's première was held in London on July 8, 2010; it was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters beginning on July 16, 2010. Inception grossed over US$828 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010. The home video market also had strong results, with US$68 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales. Inception opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its screenplay, visual effects, score, and ensemble cast. It won four Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Statnett", "paragraph_text": "Statnett's operations were originally part of \"Norges vassdrags- og energiverk\" (NVE). In 1986 NVE was split in an operation company, Statskraftverkene and a directorate, Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat. Statskraftverkene was split into Statnett (power grid) and Statkraft (production) in 1992.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "M-28 Business (Ishpeming–Negaunee, Michigan)", "paragraph_text": "The trunkline was originally a section of US 41/M-28 and M-35. Before the 1930s, the main highways ran through the two downtown areas when US 41/M-28 was relocated to run near Teal Lake. The former routing had various names over the years. It was designated as an alternate route of the main highways, using both the US 41A/M-28A and Alt. US 41/ALT M-28 designations before it was designated as Bus. M-28 in 1958. M-35 continued to run through downtown Negaunee along a section of the highway until the 1960s. A rerouting in 1999 moved the trunkline designation along Lakeshore Drive in Ishpeming, and a streetscape project rebuilt the road in Negaunee in 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "TVNorge", "paragraph_text": "TVNorge went on the air on 5 December 1988 and was the first advertising-supported Norwegian channel. The channel was started with 50 000 NOK. The first broadcast was a live variety show from Oslo Cabaret with Swedish singer Lill-Babs and Norwegian pop group Tomboy as musical guests. Originally TVNorge broadcast via satellite and cable, later they have affiliated several local television broadcasters. The local broadcasters generally were allowed the 17.30-18.30 timeslot for local programming, along with a second slot from 19.30-20.30. The rest of the time was assigned to TVNorge's own schedule.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Old Ballroom", "paragraph_text": "The Old Ballroom (German: Das alte Ballhaus) is a 1925 German silent drama film directed by Wolfgang Neff and starring Carl Auen, Olga Tschechowa and Sybill Morel. It was released in two parts, both of which premiered on the same day in Berlin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "The loss of viewers continued into season seven. The premiere was down 11% among total viewers, and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18–34 demo since the first season in 2002. However, the ratings rebounded for the season seven finale with the excitement over the battle of the Davids, and improved over season six as the series' third most watched finale. The strong finish of season seven also helped Fox become the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception, a first ever in American television history for a non-Big Three major broadcast network. Overall ratings for the season were down 10% from season six, which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve", "paragraph_text": "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin 'Eve Also known as Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest, Dick Clark's Primetime New Year's Rockin 'Eve with Ryan Seacrest Created by Dick Clark Presented by Dick Clark Ryan Seacrest Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of episodes 46 Production Executive producer (s) Ryan Seacrest Allen Shapiro Mike Mahan Barry Adelman Mark Bracco Producer (s) Larry Klein Location (s) Times Square, New York City, New York (live segments) various locations (pre-recorded concert segments) Camera setup Multi-camera Running time Primetime Part One: 120 minutes (8: 00 -- 10: 00 p.m.) Primetime Part Two: 60 minutes (10: 00 -- 11: 00 p.m.) Part One: 100 minutes (11: 30 p.m. -- 1: 10 a.m.) Part Two: 65 minutes (1: 10 - 2: 15 a.m.) Production company (s) Dick Clark Productions Ryan Seacrest Productions Release Original network NBC (1972 -- 73) ABC (1974 -- present) Picture format 480i (SDTV), 720p (HDTV) Original release December 31, 1972 -- present", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Coop Norge", "paragraph_text": "In 2000, NKL rebranded itself as Coop. In 2002, in collaboration with Sweden's KF and Denmark's FDB, it established Coop Norden and rebranded its own operations as Coop NKL. Coop Norden was dissolved in 2008 and Coop NKL resumed control of its outlets in Norway as Coop Norge.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 140732, "question": "Which original network is part of Alt for Norge?", "answer": "TVNorge", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 126525, "question": "What is year of inception of #1 ?", "answer": "1988", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of first overall National Football League draft picks", "paragraph_text": "First overall selections by position played Position Number of selections Last year selected Quarterbacks 31 2018 Running backs 23 1995 Defensive linemen 15 2017 Offensive linemen 7 2013 Wide receivers Linebackers 1988 Defensive backs 1956", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Battle of the Lisaine", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Lisaine, also known as the Battle of Héricourt was fought from 15 January to 17 January 1871 between German and French forces. The French were led by Charles Denis Bourbaki, and were attempting to relieve the Siege of Belfort. The Germans prepared XIV Corps and several other divisions, some 40,000–45,000 men, to halt the French advance of about 110,000 men. The Germans had their outer posts overran quite swiftly but the Prussians forced back and counterattacked the French forces, breaking the morale of French troops and leaving them to either die or retreat. In the end their efforts failed, and they were forced to flee into Switzerland where they were all interned soon after.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kaan Ayhan", "paragraph_text": "Kaan Ayhan (born 10 November 1994) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or centre back as well as operating as a right back for Fortuna Düsseldorf and the Turkish national team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ken Hailey", "paragraph_text": "Ken Hailey (born July 12, 1961 in Oceanside, California) is a former defensive back who played eleven seasons in the Canadian Football League for three teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "A Million Love Songs", "paragraph_text": "Written by lead vocalist Gary Barlow at the age of 15, it was released as the sixth single from the band's debut studio album, Take That & Party, peaking at number 7 in the UK Singles Chart. The two primary instruments are piano, played by Barlow, with a saxophone in the bridges originally scored, performed and recorded by Snake Davis. Take That's longtime saxophonist and music director, Mike Stevens went on to perform these sax parts live, many of them using the extended saxophone part written by Davis, at the end of the song. In January 1993, the song entered the Dutch chart and peaked at # 50. The song was released for airplay in the United States in September 1993, but it failed to chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "No Ordinary World", "paragraph_text": "No Ordinary World is the seventeenth studio album by Joe Cocker, released on 9 September 1999 in Europe and on 22 August 2000 in USA. The US edition of the album features two bonus tracks and has different cover artwork. Notable songs on the album include a cover of Leonard Cohen's \"First We Take Manhattan\" and \"She Believes in Me\" co-written by Bryan Adams, who had also provided backing vocals for the song.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences. Meanwhile, the British captured the Great Redan, just south of the city of Sevastopol. The Russians retreated to the north, blowing up their magazines and the city fell on 9 September 1855 after a 337-day-long siege.:106", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Teheran 43", "paragraph_text": "\"Teheran 43\" starts in 1980 in Paris. The memories of hero Andrei take the story back to 1943. The Germans planned to assassinate the three men. 37 years later, the German agent Max lives with Françoise, a young Parisian woman, who hides him. But another Nazi, Scherner, is hunting down Max who failed to carry out the planned assassinations. Max trusts Françoise, but he doesn't know that she works for Scherner. Another plot in the movie is the romance between Andrei and the French woman Marie in 1943, followed in 1980.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Vance Joseph", "paragraph_text": "Vance Joseph Denver Broncos Position: Head coach Born: (1972 - 09 - 20) September 20, 1972 (age 45) Marrero, Louisiana Height: 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Weight: 200 lb (91 kg) Career information High school: Marrero (LA) Archbishop Shaw College: Colorado Undrafted: 1995 Career history As player: New York Jets (1995) Indianapolis Colts (1996) As coach: Colorado (1999 -- 2001) Graduate assistant Wyoming (2002) Defensive backs coach Colorado (2002 -- 2003) Defensive backs coach Bowling Green (2004) Defensive backs coach San Francisco 49ers (2005) Assistant defensive backs coach San Francisco 49ers (2006 -- 2010) Defensive backs coach Houston Texans (2011 -- 2013) Defensive backs coach Cincinnati Bengals (2014 -- 2015) Defensive backs coach Miami Dolphins (2016) Defensive coordinator Denver Broncos (2017 -- present) Head coach Career NFL statistics Games played: 17 Games started: 6 Interceptions: 2 Player stats at NFL.com Head coaching record Regular season: 5 -- 11 (. 313)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Primal Fear (film)", "paragraph_text": "The film tells the story of a Chicago defense attorney who believes that his altar boy client is not guilty of murdering an influential Catholic Archbishop.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Reggie Myles", "paragraph_text": "Reggie Myles is a former professional American football player who played defensive back for four seasons for the Cincinnati Bengals", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Copper", "paragraph_text": "The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC) used copper for sterilizing wounds and drinking water, and later on for headaches, burns, and itching. The Baghdad Battery, with copper cylinders soldered to lead, dates back to 248 BC to AD 226 and resembles a galvanic cell, leading people to believe this was the first battery; the claim has not been verified.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "A cappella", "paragraph_text": "Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33 AD to 180AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church,[citation needed] but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "Commentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil (\"interpretation\" or \"explanation\"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate meaning of the Quran is known only to God. In contrast, Quranic literalism, followed by Salafis and Zahiris, is the belief that the Quran should only be taken at its apparent meaning.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kraken", "paragraph_text": "In the late - 13th - century version of the Old Icelandic saga Örvar - Oddr is an inserted episode of a journey bound for Helluland (Baffin Island) which takes the protagonists through the Greenland Sea, and here they spot two massive sea - monsters called Hafgufa (``sea mist '') and Lyngbakr (`` heather - back''). The hafgufa is believed to be a reference to the kraken:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being built by the Russians at Mamelon, located on a hill in front of the Malakoff. Several weeks of fighting saw little change in the front line, and the Mamelon remained in Russian hands.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Can't Back Down", "paragraph_text": "Can't Back Down is the seventh studio album released by country music artist Collin Raye. It was also his last album for Epic Records, and the first album of his career not to produce any Top 40 country hits. \"Ain't Nobody Gonna Take That from Me\", the first single, reached #43 on the Hot Country Songs charts. \"What I Need\", the second single, failed to chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Pierre Jean Louis Ovide Doublet", "paragraph_text": "Doublet participated in the negotiations for the surrender of the Knights when Malta was captured by Napoleon in 1798. Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim had failed to bolster Valletta's defenses against the French fleet and had peacefully admitted some French ships to the harbor, leading to the island's capture. Doublet, being in the Grand Master's direct service, was accused as a collaborator with the French and became caught in the political maneuvering by other members to depose Hompesch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Willie Amos", "paragraph_text": "Willie Amos (born July 28, 1982) is an American football defensive back who most recently played for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "John Fox (American football)", "paragraph_text": "John Fox Fox in 2010 Chicago Bears Position: Head coach Date of birth: (1955 - 02 - 08) February 8, 1955 (age 62) Place of birth: Virginia Beach, Virginia Career information High school: Chula Vista (CA) Castle Park College: San Diego State Undrafted: 1978 Career history As player: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1978) * * Offseason and / or practice squad member only As coach: San Diego State (1978) Graduate assistant U.S. International (1979) Defensive backs coach Boise State (1980) Defensive backs coach Long Beach State (1981) Defensive backs coach Utah (1982) Defensive backs coach Kansas (1983) Defensive backs coach Iowa State (1984) Defensive backs coach Los Angeles Express (1985) Defensive backs coach Pittsburgh (1986 -- 1988) Defensive coordinator & defensive backs coach Pittsburgh Steelers (1989 -- 1991) Defensive backs coach San Diego Chargers (1992 -- 1993) Defensive backs coach Los Angeles Raiders (1994 -- 1995) Defensive coordinator St. Louis Rams (1996) Personnel consultant New York Giants (1997 -- 2001) Defensive coordinator Carolina Panthers (2002 -- 2010) Head coach Denver Broncos (2011 -- 2014) Head coach Chicago Bears (2015 -- present) Head coach Career highlights and awards NFC Championship (2000, 2003) AFC Championship (2013) Head coaching record Regular season: 128 -- 113 (. 531) Postseason: 8 -- 7 (. 533) Career: 136 -- 120 (. 531) Coaching stats at PFR", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22777, "question": "What did the French believe was instrumental in their defense?", "answer": "the Malakoff", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 22785, "question": "Who failed to take back #1 ?", "answer": "the Russian defences", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "History of evolutionary thought", "paragraph_text": "Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity -- in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science. With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and the development of the new anti-Aristotelian approach to modern science: as the Enlightenment progressed, evolutionary cosmology and the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history. Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature. In the early 19th century Jean - Baptiste Lamarck (1744 -- 1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gene", "paragraph_text": "The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: \"that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.\":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nebular hypothesis", "paragraph_text": "The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels (``Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens ''), published in 1755. Originally applied to the Solar System, the process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the Universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or solar nebular model. It offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Social cycle theory", "paragraph_text": "Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology. Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction (s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history are generally repeating themselves in cycles. Such a theory does not necessarily imply that there can not be any social progress. In the early theory of Sima Qian and the more recent theories of long - term (``secular '') political - demographic cycles as well as in the Varnic theory of P.R. Sarkar an explicit accounting is made of social progress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Darwinism", "paragraph_text": "Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809 -- 1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma of molecular biology. Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work. It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' work -- in place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Group (mathematics)", "paragraph_text": "Exchanging \"+\" and \"−\" in the expression, i.e., permuting the two solutions of the equation can be viewed as a (very simple) group operation. Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher. Abstract properties of Galois groups associated with polynomials (in particular their solvability) give a criterion for polynomials that have all their solutions expressible by radicals, i.e., solutions expressible using solely addition, multiplication, and roots similar to the formula above.The problem can be dealt with by shifting to field theory and considering the splitting field of a polynomial. Modern Galois theory generalizes the above type of Galois groups to field extensions and establishes—via the fundamental theorem of Galois theory—a precise relationship between fields and groups, underlining once again the ubiquity of groups in mathematics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Group theory", "paragraph_text": "Group theory has three main historical sources: number theory, the theory of algebraic equations, and geometry. The number-theoretic strand was begun by Leonhard Euler, and developed by Gauss's work on modular arithmetic and additive and multiplicative groups related to quadratic fields. Early results about permutation groups were obtained by Lagrange, Ruffini, and Abel in their quest for general solutions of polynomial equations of high degree. Évariste Galois coined the term \"group\" and established a connection, now known as Galois theory, between the nascent theory of groups and field theory. In geometry, groups first became important in projective geometry and, later, non-Euclidean geometry. Felix Klein's Erlangen program proclaimed group theory to be the organizing principle of geometry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Modern synthesis (20th century)", "paragraph_text": "The modern synthesis was the early 20th - century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity in a joint mathematical framework. Julian Huxley coined the term in his 1942 book, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Late Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of Aristotle. Buridan developed the theory of impetus as the cause of the motion of projectiles, which was an important step towards the modern concept of inertia. The works of these scholars anticipated the heliocentric worldview of Nicolaus Copernicus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "History of evolutionary thought", "paragraph_text": "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. Debate over Darwin's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution, but the specific mechanism he proposed, natural selection, was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s. Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution. Alternatives to natural selection suggested during ``the eclipse of Darwinism ''(c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism). Mendelian genetics, a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900, was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s, and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics. During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields, resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Science of Life", "paragraph_text": "The Science of Life is a book written by H. G. Wells, Julian Huxley and G. P. Wells, published in three volumes by The Waverley Publishing Company Ltd in 1929–30, giving a popular account of all major aspects of biology as known in the 1920s. It has been called \"the first modern textbook of biology\" and \"the best popular introduction to the biological sciences\". Wells's most recent biographer notes that \"The Science of Life\" \"is not quite as dated as one might suppose\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Eric Gaucher", "paragraph_text": "Eric Alexander Gaucher (born January 1972) is an American biologist best known for his work in a field he termed Evolutionary Synthetic Biology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Theory of planned behavior", "paragraph_text": "The theory of planned behavior was proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1985 through his article ``From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. ''The theory was developed from the theory of reasoned action, which was proposed by Martin Fishbein together with Icek Ajzen in 1980. The theory of reasoned action was in turn grounded in various theories of attitude such as learning theories, expectancy - value theories, consistency theories (such as Heider's balance theory, Osgood and Tannenbaum's congruity theory, and Festinger's dissonance theory) and attribution theory. According to the theory of reasoned action, if people evaluate the suggested behavior as positive (attitude), and if they think their significant others want them to perform the behavior (subjective norm), this results in a higher intention (motivations) and they are more likely to do so. A high correlation of attitudes and subjective norms to behavioral intention, and subsequently to behavior, has been confirmed in many studies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "John Scales Avery", "paragraph_text": "John Scales Avery (born in 1933 in Lebanon to American parents) is a theoretical chemist noted for his research publications in quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, evolution, and history of science. Since the early 1990s, Avery has been an active World peace activist. During these years, he was part of a group associated with the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. In 1995, this group received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts. Presently, he is an Associate Professor in quantum chemistry at the University of Copenhagen. His 2003 book \"Information Theory and Evolution\" set forth the view that the phenomenon of life, including its origin and evolution, that including human cultural evolution, has it background situated over thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and information theory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Fred Adams", "paragraph_text": "Fred Adams is the Ta-You Wu Collegiate Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, where his main field of research is astrophysics theory focusing on star formation, planet formation, and dynamics. His seminal work on the radiative signature of star formation has provided a foundation for further studies in star formation. In more recent years, he has studied the formation and evolution of planetary systems, including the effect of the stellar birth cluster environment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bird", "paragraph_text": "The Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx is well known as one of the first transitional fossils to be found, and it provided support for the theory of evolution in the late 19th century. Archaeopteryx was the first fossil to display both clearly traditional reptilian characteristics: teeth, clawed fingers, and a long, lizard-like tail, as well as wings with flight feathers similar to those of modern birds. It is not considered a direct ancestor of birds, though it is possibly closely related to the true ancestor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nebular hypothesis", "paragraph_text": "The birth of the modern widely accepted theory of planetary formation -- the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) -- can be traced to the Soviet astronomer Victor Safronov. His 1969 book Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the Earth and the planets, which was translated to English in 1972, had a long - lasting effect on the way scientists think about the formation of the planets. In this book almost all major problems of the planetary formation process were formulated and some of them solved. Safronov's ideas were further developed in the works of George Wetherill, who discovered runaway accretion. While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe; as of 8 September 2017 astronomers have discovered 3,667 extrasolar planets in our galaxy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Major Transitions in Evolution", "paragraph_text": "The Major Transitions in Evolution is a book written by John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry (Oxford University Press, 1995). At the time of its publication, Egbert Giles Leigh, Jr reviewing for \"Evolution\" commented that it \"may be the most important book on evolution since [R.A.] Fisher's (1930) \"The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection\"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Social control theory", "paragraph_text": "In criminology, social control theory proposes that exploiting the process of socialization and social learning builds self - control and reduces the inclination to indulge in behavior recognized as antisocial. It derives from functionalist theories of crime and was developed by Ivan Nye (1958), who proposed that there were four types of control:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Stephen Lichtenbaum", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Lichtenbaum (1939 in Brooklyn) is an American mathematician who is working in the fields of algebraic geometry, algebraic number theory and algebraic K-theory.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 47096, "question": "who proposed the modern synthetic theory of evolution", "answer": "Julian Huxley", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 807767, "question": "#1 >> field of work", "answer": "bio", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[ "Bio" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)", "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 Next → Season 15 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)", "paragraph_text": "The eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season commenced airing with the episode ``I Must Have Lost it on the Wind ''and concluded with the season finale`` You're My Home'' airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season -- Life Changes on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Grey's Anatomy", "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg. Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California. The show was originally titled Complications, a double - edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Richard Webber", "paragraph_text": "Richard Webber, M.D. is a fictional character from the ABC medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\". The character is portrayed by actor James Pickens, Jr., and was created by Shonda Rhimes. He was previously the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital for 11 years, and was replaced briefly by Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) and later permanently by Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Amelia Shepherd", "paragraph_text": "Amelia Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama Private Practice, and the spinoff series' progenitor show, Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister - in - law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After Private Practice ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy, before becoming a series regular in season eleven.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Grey's Anatomy", "paragraph_text": "On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed Grey's Anatomy for a fourteenth season, which will premiere in the fall of 2017. The series' success catapulted such long - running cast members as Pompeo, Dempsey and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top five highest earning television actors in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Meredith Grey", "paragraph_text": "Meredith Grey, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Ellen Pompeo. Meredith is the series' protagonist, and was introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital (later Seattle Grace - Mercy West, and afterwards Grey Sloan Memorial), eventually obtaining the position of a resident, and later the position of an attending, and in 2015, attaining the Chief of General Surgery position. As the daughter of world - renowned surgeon Ellis Grey, Meredith struggles with the everyday life of being in a competitive profession, maintaining the relationship with her one - night stand and eventual husband Derek Shepherd (deceased), her motherhood, and her friendships with her colleagues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty - four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season five had thirteen series regulars with twelve of them returning from the previous season. The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9: 00 pm. The season was officially released on DVD as seven - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Fifth Season -- More Moments on September 9, 2009 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)", "paragraph_text": "Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional character from ABC's medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, the character was introduced in season two as Dr. Derek Shepherd's best friend who acted as the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Dr. Addison Montgomery. Soon after moving to Seattle Grace Hospital as an attending specializing in plastic surgery to reconcile with Derek, Mark earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns. Mark's focal storyline in the series involved his romantic relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey. Both he and Lexie sustained life - threatening injuries after an aviation accident in the eighth season finale, which resulted in their deaths. Seattle Grace is later renamed Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital in their memory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Derek Shepherd", "paragraph_text": "In season 11, Derek is involved in a fatal car accident while driving to the airport for his final trip to Washington. He is able to hear and process auditory input, but unable to speak. He is recognized by Winnie, one of the victims of a crash he assisted in earlier, who tells the surgeons that their patient's name is Derek and that he is a surgeon as well. The hospital he was taken to was understaffed and his head injury was not detected quickly enough by the interns on duty that night. Although the neurosurgeon on call is paged multiple times, he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)", "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Amelia Shepherd", "paragraph_text": "Amelia Frances Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama \"Private Practice\", and the spinoff series' progenitor show, \"Grey's Anatomy\", portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister-in-law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After \"Private Practice\" ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of \"Grey's Anatomy\", before becoming a series regular in season eleven.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)", "paragraph_text": "Not even a week after the Season 10 finale episode aired, the Grey's Anatomy team of writers began collaborating on ideas for Season 11 storylines. Shonda Rhimes tweeted that they were hard at work in the writing room, but would have the month of June off before coming back in full swing to write actual episodes. After the 4th of July weekend, Rhimes tweeted that the writers' room was once again buzzing, as the team had returned from vacation to start writing new episodes for Season 11. Camilla Luddington confirmed that the filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)", "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4) DVD cover art for the fourth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Katherine Heigl Justin Chambers T.R. Knight Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Eric Dane Chyler Leigh Brooke Smith Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 17 Release Original network ABC Original release September 27, 2007 (2007 - 09 - 27) -- May 22, 2008 (2008 - 05 - 22) Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 Next → Season 5 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Story (song)", "paragraph_text": "``The Story ''is a song released as a single by American folk rock singer Brandi Carlile, written by Phil Hanseroth, from her 2007 album The Story. It was featured in Grey's Anatomy in 2007 and is on Grey's Anatomy Soundtrack album 3 (released September 11).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Derek Shepherd", "paragraph_text": "Derek Shepherd Grey's Anatomy character Patrick Dempsey as Derek Shepherd in 2012 First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)'' (11.25) May 14, 2015 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Patrick Dempsey Information Full name Derek Christopher Shepherd Nickname (s) McDreamy Occupation Attending neurosurgeon Member of the Board (former) Chief of Surgery (former) Head of Neurosurgery (former) Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Mr. Shepherd (father, deceased) Carolyn Maloney Shepherd (mother) Nancy Shepherd (sister) Kathleen ``Kate ''Shepherd (sister) Elizabeth`` Lizzie'' Shepherd (sister) Amelia Shepherd (sister) 9 unnamed nieces 6 unnamed nephews (one deceased) Spouse (s) Addison Montgomery (m. 1994; div. 2006) Meredith Grey (m. 2009 -- 2015) Significant other (s) Rose Children Zola Shepherd (daughter) Derek Bailey Shepherd (son) Ellis Shepherd (daughter) (with Meredith) certifications M.D. F.A.C.S", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 10)", "paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 10) DVD cover art for the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Camilla Luddington Gaius Charles Jerrika Hinton Tessa Ferrer Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 26, 2013 (2013 - 09 - 26) -- May 15, 2014 (2014 - 05 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 9 Next → Season 11 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Didn't We Almost Have It All?", "paragraph_text": "\"Didn't We Almost Have It All?\" is the third season finale and the 61st overall episode from the medical drama series, \"Grey's Anatomy\". The episode runs for 53:05 minutes, making it the longest episode of the series, excluding two-part episodes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)", "paragraph_text": "The ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere Going, Going, Gone and consists of 24 episodes with the finale Perfect Storm airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes on August 27, 2013 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Marika Domińczyk", "paragraph_text": "Marika Domińczyk (/ doʊˈmiːntʃɪk / doh - MEEN - chik) is a Polish - American actress who became best known in the United States for her role as Dr. Eliza Minnick on Grey's Anatomy, which she originated in its thirteenth season.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 79482, "question": "what season did derek die in greys anatomy", "answer": "In season 11", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 65123, "question": "when was #1 of greys anatomy filmed", "answer": "filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Whole Foods Market", "paragraph_text": "As of 2015, founder John Mackey and Walter Robb were co-CEOs of the publicly traded company, with John Elstrott as chairman. In November 2016, the company announced that Walter Robb would be stepping down as co-CEO at the end of year and would remain with the company as a director. It became a Fortune 500 company in March 2005 and is the 30th largest retailer in the U.S., based on 2014 revenue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "IPod Hi-Fi", "paragraph_text": "iPod Hi-Fi is a speaker system that was developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. and was released on February 28, 2006, for use with any iPod digital music player. The iPod Hi-Fi retailed at the Apple Store for US$349 until its discontinuation on September 5, 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Wilshire 5000", "paragraph_text": "The Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index, or more simply the Wilshire 5000, is a market - capitalization - weighted index of the market value of all stocks actively traded in the United States. As of December 31, 2017, the index contained only 3,492 components. The index is intended to measure the performance of most publicly traded companies headquartered in the United States, with readily available price data, (Bulletin Board / penny stocks and stocks of extremely small companies are excluded). Hence, the index includes a majority of the common stocks and REITs traded primarily through New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, or the American Stock Exchange. Limited partnerships and ADRs are not included. It can be tracked by following the ticker ^ W5000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "IPod", "paragraph_text": "Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones. Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "IPod", "paragraph_text": "The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Aspinal of London", "paragraph_text": "Aspinal of London is a London designer, manufacturer and retailer of luxury leather goods and accessories for men and women.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gaggia", "paragraph_text": "The Gaggia company was founded in 1947 and formally incorporated in 1948. It first produced machines for commercial use, but shortly thereafter released the Gilda, its first home machine. The company continues to produce espresso machines (as well as accessories) from classic manual machines to the innovative semi-automatic and super-automatic models recently added to the line. As of 2010, all Gaggia espresso and coffee machines are still manufactured in Milan at the Robecco sul Naviglio factory. The 2015 Gaggia Classic was built in Romania instead. The New Gaggia Classic is made in Italy again and uses an alumin boiler.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nike, Inc.", "paragraph_text": "In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first advertising agency. The following year, the agency created the first ``brand ad ''for Nike, called`` There is no finish line'', in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "IPod", "paragraph_text": "On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Canopy Growth", "paragraph_text": "A Carleton University grad, Linton took over as Chairman and CEO while Marc Wayne became the President. The company was the first federally regulated, publicly traded cannabis producer in North America, traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange as WEED. It began trading as CGC on the New York Stock Exchange on May 24, 2018, as the first cannabis producer on the NYSE. Until October 17, 2018 -- marijuana is legal in Canada only for medical purposes; until that time, growers are licensed by Health Canada under the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR). The company was described as ``one of the world's -- and Canada's first -- premier exporters of marijuana ''by the Financial Post news organization in December 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Steel Heddle Manufacturing Company Complex", "paragraph_text": "Steel Heddle Manufacturing Company Complex is a historic factory complex located in the Allegheny West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The complex consists of four buildings: the Plant (1919, 1925-1927), Main Office (c. 1919-1922), Chrome Plating Building (1951), and Lumber Storage and Garage (1930). The Plan is a five-story, \"U\"-shaped, reinforced concrete building on a raised basement. The Steel Heddle Manufacturing Company manufactured heddles and other textile loom accessories. The Philadelphia plant remained in operation until 1983.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bega Cheese", "paragraph_text": "Bega Cheese is an Australian dairy company based in the town of Bega, New South Wales. Founded as an agricultural cooperative owned by their dairy suppliers, it became a public company in 2011 when it listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Despite this, close to half of shares publicly traded are still held by Bega's farmer - suppliers. It is currently one of the largest dairy companies in Australia, with a valuation of around A $775 million (as of January 2017)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hedgebrook (company)", "paragraph_text": "Hedgebrook is an American publicly traded company listed on the OTC Bulletin Board and headquartered in Ashland, Oregon that focuses on mergers and acquisitions in various industries, including aerospace, consumer, energy and health care. The company was founded in 2004 and is chaired by Brady Brim-DeForest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "MathStar", "paragraph_text": "MathStar was an American, fabless semiconductor company based in Oregon. Founded in Minnesota in 1999, the company moved to the Portland metropolitan area where it remained until it completed a reverse merger with Sajan, Inc. in 2010. MathStar never made a profit after raising $137 million over the lifetime of the company, including via several stock offerings while the company was publicly traded on the NASDAQ market. The company's only product was a field programmable object array (FPOA) chip.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "IPod", "paragraph_text": "On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: \"We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone.\" Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dow Jones Industrial Average", "paragraph_text": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), or simply the Dow (/ ˈdaʊ /), is a stock market index that shows how 30 large, publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market. The value of the Dow is not a weighted arithmetic mean and does not represent its component companies' market capitalization, but rather the sum of the price of one share of stock for each component company. The sum is corrected by a factor which changes whenever one of the component stocks has a stock split or stock dividend, so as to generate a consistent value for the index.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "IPod Touch (6th generation)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth - generation iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as the iPod touch, and colloquially known as the iPod touch 6G, iPod touch 6, or iPod touch (2015)) is a multipurpose pocket computer designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen - based user interface. It is the successor to the iPod Touch (5th generation), becoming the first major update to the iPod lineup in more than two and a half years. It was released on the online Apple Store on July 15, 2015, along with a new iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle, which received minor upgrades.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hermle AG", "paragraph_text": "Maschinenfabrik Berthold Hermle AG is a publicly traded German company with headquarters in Gosheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of the leading manufacturers of milling machines. There are over 20,000 Hermle-manufactured machines in use worldwide. The chief users are suppliers of medical technology, the optical industry, aviation, and the automotive industry and racing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alberta Wheat Pool", "paragraph_text": "In 1998 Alberta Wheat Pool and Manitoba Pool Elevators merged to form Agricore Cooperative Limited. In 2001, United Grain Growers combined its business operations with Agricore Cooperative Ltd. and carried on business as Agricore United, a publicly traded company, no longer a farmer-owned cooperative. In 2007, Agricore United was taken over by the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, another publicly traded company. The merged corporation was renamed Viterra.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The New York Times", "paragraph_text": "The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs - Sulzberger family through a dual - class share structure. It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 1007, "question": "Who manufactures a pedometer accessory for the iPod?", "answer": "Nike", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 59746, "question": "when did #1 become a publicly traded company", "answer": "1980", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)", "paragraph_text": "Beauty and the Beast premiered as an unfinished film at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991, followed by its theatrical release as a completed film at the El Capitan Theatre on November 13. The film was a box office success, grossing $425 million worldwide on a $25 million budget. Beauty and the Beast received positive reviews from critics; it won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and became the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song. In April 1994, Beauty and the Beast became Disney's first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical. The success of the film spawned two direct - to - video follow - ups: Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997) and Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World (1998), both of which take place in the timeline of the original. This was followed by a spin - off television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. An IMAX version was released in 2002 that included ``Human Again '', a new five - minute musical sequence. After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, the film was reissued in 3D in 2012. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being`` culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant''. A live - action remake of the film directed by Bill Condon was released on March 17, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "1 fille & 4 types", "paragraph_text": "1 fille & 4 types (meaning \"1 Girl & 4 Guys\") is a French-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released by Columbia Records on 13 October 2003. \"1 fille & 4 types\" features thirteen songs written and arranged by Jean-Jacques Goldman, Erick Benzi, Jacques Veneruso and Gildas Arzel, and produced by Benzi. The first single from the album, \"Tout l'or des hommes\" reached top ten in all Francophone countries, including number one in Quebec and number three in France. It was followed by \"Et je t'aime encore\" and \"Contre nature\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "No. Title Lyrics Performer (s) Length 1. ``Overture ''3: 05 2.`` Main Title: Prologue Pt. 1'' (Includes narration by Hattie Morahan) 0: 42 3. ``Aria ''Tim Rice Audra McDonald 1: 02 4.`` Main Title: Prologue Pt. 2'' (Includes narration by Hattie Morahan) 2: 21 5. ``Belle ''Howard Ashman Emma Watson, Luke Evans, Ensemble 5: 33 6.`` How Does a Moment Last Forever (Music Box)'' Tim Rice Kevin Kline 1: 03 7. ``Belle (Reprise) ''Howard Ashman Emma Watson 1: 15 8.`` Gaston'' Howard Ashman Luke Evans, Josh Gad, Ensemble 4: 25 9. ``Gaston (Reprise) ''Howard Ashman Luke Evans, Josh Gad, Ensemble 2: 04 10.`` Be Our Guest'' Howard Ashman Ewan McGregor, Emma Thompson, Gugu Mbatha - Raw and Ian McKellen 4: 48 11. ``Days in the Sun ''Tim Rice Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha - Raw, Emma Thompson, Audra McDonald, Emma Watson, Ian McKellen, Clive Rowe 2: 40 12.`` Something There'' Howard Ashman Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Emma Thompson, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha - Raw 2: 54 13. ``How Does a Moment Last Forever (Montmartre) ''Tim Rice Emma Watson 1: 55 14.`` Beauty and the Beast'' Howard Ashman Emma Thompson 3: 19 15. ``Evermore ''Tim Rice Dan Stevens 3: 14 16.`` The Mob Song'' Howard Ashman Luke Evans, Josh Gad, Ensemble, Emma Watson, Ian McKellen, Stanley Tucci, Nathan Mack, Gugu Mbatha - Raw, Ewan McGregor, Gerard Horan, Haydn Gwynne 2: 28 17. ``Beauty and the Beast (Finale) ''Howard Ashman Audra McDonald, Emma Thompson, Ensemble 2: 14 18.`` How Does a Moment Last Forever'' Tim Rice Celine Dion 3: 37 19. ``Beauty and the Beast ''Howard Ashman Ariana Grande & John Legend 3: 47 20.`` Evermore'' Tim Rice Josh Groban 3: 09 Total length: 55: 35", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "No. Title Recording artist (s) Length 1. ``Prologue ''(Score) David Ogden Stiers (speaking) 2: 26 2.`` Belle'' () Jesse Corti, Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Chorus 5: 09 3. ``Belle ''(Reprise) O'Hara 1: 05 4.`` Gaston'' Corti, White, Chorus 3: 40 5. ``Gaston ''(Reprise) Corti, White, Chorus 2: 04 6.`` Be Our Guest'' () Angela Lansbury, Jerry Orbach, Chorus 3: 44 7. ``Something There ''Lansbury, Stiers, Orbach, O'Hara, Robby Benson 2: 19 8.`` The Mob Song'' Lansbury (speaking) Stiers (speaking) Orbach (speaking) Kimmy Robertson (speaking) O'Hara (speaking) Rex Everhart (speaking) White Benson (speaking) Chorus 3: 30 9. ``Beauty and the Beast ''() Lansbury 2: 46 10.`` To the Fair'' (Score) 1: 58 11. ``West Wing ''(Score) 3: 42 12.`` The Beast Lets Belle Go'' (Score) 2: 22 13. ``Battle on the Tower ''(Score) 5: 29 14.`` Transformation'' (Score) 5: 47 15. ``Beauty and the Beast ''(Duet) () Céline Dion & Peabo Bryson 5: 33 Total length: 50: 12", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 1989", "paragraph_text": "The Eurovision Song Contest 1989 was the 34th annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held on 6 May 1989 in Lausanne, Switzerland, after Celine Dion's victory in Dublin the previous year. The program was presented by Lolita Morena and Jacques Deschenaux. Riva, representing Yugoslavia, won with the song \"Rock Me\". This was the only victory for Yugoslavia as a unified state.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official soundtrack album to the 1991 Disney animated feature film, Beauty and the Beast. Originally released on October 24, 1991, by Walt Disney Records, the album's first half -- tracks 2 to 9 -- generally contains the film's musical number s, all of which were written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman, while its latter half -- tracks 10 to 14 -- features its musical score, composed solely by Menken. While the majority of the album's content remains within the musical theatre genre, its songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack features performances by the film's main cast -- Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson -- in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, ``Beauty and the Beast '', which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Celine (concert residency)", "paragraph_text": "Celine is the second residency show by Canadian recording artist Celine Dion. The show is performed at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada beginning 15 March 2011, with an estimated 70 performances per year (which makes Celine the top money earner in Vegas, earning $500 K a show). The show ranked 26th in Pollstar's ``Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year) '', earning over 20 million dollars. Being seen by over 200,000 people, the show became the number one show in 2011 (for North America). The show has also made Dion the`` most profitable music act in Las Vegas'' since Elvis Presley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Prayer (Celine Dion and Andrea Bocelli song)", "paragraph_text": "``The Prayer ''is a popular song written by David Foster, Carole Bayer Sager, Alberto Testa and Tony Renis. It is most commonly known as a duet between Celine Dion and Andrea Bocelli. It is from Quest for Camelot: Music from the Motion Picture, the second single from Dion's Christmas album These Are Special Times and the first from Bocelli's album Sogno and was released as a promotional single on 1 March 1999. The song won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1999 and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "I Am Love (album)", "paragraph_text": "I Am Love is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Peabo Bryson, released in 1981 under Capitol Records. The album features singles, \"There's No Guarantee\" and the top ten R&B hit, \"Let the Feeling Flow\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": "In addition to Celine Dion, who has had significant success on this chart, other artists with multiple number ones on the AC chart in the 1990s include Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain. Newer female singer-songwriters such as Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow also broke through on the AC chart during this time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Human Again (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Human Again ''is a song originally written for, deleted from, and later restored to the 1991 Disney animated musical Beauty and the Beast. With music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman,`` Human Again'' was replaced during production of the original 1991 version of the film by ``Something There '', but retained and revised by Menken and new lyricist Tim Rice for the 1994 stage musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast. A newly produced sequence featuring`` Human Again'' was added to the Beauty and the Beast animated film for its 2002 IMAX Special Edition and subsequent DVD, VHS, and Blu - Ray home releases.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of best-selling albums", "paragraph_text": "Michael Jackson's Thriller, estimated to have sold 66 million copies worldwide, is the best - selling album. Although sales estimates for Thriller have been as high as 120 million copies, these sales figures are unreliable. Jackson also currently has the highest number of albums on the list with five, while The Beatles, Madonna and Celine Dion each have three.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Paige O'Hara", "paragraph_text": "Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical Showboat. In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's Beauty and the Beast, in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of Beauty and the Beast, O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct - to - video follow - ups, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "No. Title Performer (s) Length 1. ``Overture ''(Score) Alan Menken 3: 05 2.`` Main Title: Prologue Pt. 1'' Hattie Morahan (narration) 0: 42 3. ``Aria ''Audra McDonald 1: 02 4.`` Main Title: Prologue Pt. 2'' Hattie Morahan (narration) 2: 21 5. ``Belle ''Emma Watson, Luke Evans, Ensemble 5: 33 6.`` How Does a Moment Last Forever (Music Box)'' Kevin Kline 1: 03 7. ``Belle (Reprise) ''Emma Watson 1: 15 8.`` Gaston'' Luke Evans, Josh Gad, Ensemble 4: 25 9. ``Be Our Guest ''Ewan McGregor, Emma Thompson, Gugu Mbatha - Raw and Ian McKellen 4: 48 10.`` Days in the Sun'' Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha - Raw, Emma Thompson, Audra McDonald, Emma Watson, Ian McKellen, Clive Rowe 2: 40 11. ``Something There ''Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Emma Thompson, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha - Raw 2: 54 12.`` How Does a Moment Last Forever (Montmartre)'' Emma Watson 1: 55 13. ``Beauty and the Beast ''Emma Thompson 3: 19 14.`` Evermore'' Dan Stevens 3: 14 15. ``The Mob Song ''Luke Evans, Josh Gad, Ensemble, Emma Thompson, Ian McKellen, Stanley Tucci, Nathan Mack, Gugu Mbatha - Raw, Ewan McGregor, Gerard Horan, Haydn Gwynne 2: 28 16.`` Beauty and the Beast (Finale)'' Audra McDonald, Emma Thompson, Ensemble 2: 14 17. ``How Does a Moment Last Forever ''Celine Dion 3: 37 18.`` Beauty and the Beast'' Ariana Grande & John Legend 3: 47 19. ``Evermore ''Josh Groban 3: 09 Total length: 53: 31", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "(If There Was) Any Other Way", "paragraph_text": "\"(If There Was) Any Other Way\" is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion. It was included on her first English-language album, \"Unison\" (1990). \"(If There Was) Any Other Way\" was released by Columbia Records as the album's lead single in Canada on 26 March 1990. The next year, it was issued as the second single in other countries. The song was written by Paul Bliss, while production was handled by Christopher Neil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)", "paragraph_text": "``Beauty and the Beast ''is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film Beauty and the Beast (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway - inspired ballad was first recorded by British - American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling of love is as timeless and ageless as a`` tale as old as time''. Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shorted chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. ``Beauty and the Beast ''was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine Dion and American singer Peabo Bryson, and released as the only single from the film's soundtrack on November 25, 1991.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paige O'Hara", "paragraph_text": "Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical Showboat. In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's Beauty and the Beast, in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of Beauty and the Beast, O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct - to - video follow - ups, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "My Heart Will Go On", "paragraph_text": "``My Heart Will Go On '', also called the`` Love Theme from Titanic'', is the main theme song to James Cameron's blockbuster film Titanic. Its music was composed by James Horner, its lyrics were written by Will Jennings, and it was produced by Walter Afanasieff and Simon Franglen, recorded by Celine Dion, and released in 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official soundtrack album to the 1991 Disney animated feature film, Beauty and the Beast. Originally released on October 29, 1991, by Walt Disney Records, the album's first half -- tracks 2 to 9 -- generally contains the film's musical number s, all of which were written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman, while its latter half -- tracks 10 to 14 -- features its musical score, composed solely by Menken. While the majority of the album's content remains within the musical theatre genre, its songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack features performances by the film's main cast -- Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson -- in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, ``Beauty and the Beast '', which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Belle (Disney song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Belle\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Originally recorded by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara and American actor Richard White, \"Belle\", a mid-tempo French and classical music-inspired song, incorporates both Broadway and musical theatre elements. The film's first song and opening number, \"Belle\" appears during \"Beauty and the Beast \"as a large scale operetta-style production number that introduces the film's heroine Belle, considered a book-loving nonconformist by the townspeople of the village, who has grown weary of the provincial life in which she is supposed to live, and Gaston, the film's narcissistic villain who wishes to desire her hand in marriage despite Belle's rejections.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 56206, "question": "who did celine dion sing beauty and the beast with", "answer": "Peabo Bryson", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 271788, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Capitol Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "Capitol" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Rainer Weiss", "paragraph_text": "Rainer \"Rai\" Weiss (; German: [vaɪs]; born September 29, 1932) is an American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics. He is a professor of physics emeritus at MIT and an adjunct professor at LSU. He is best known for inventing the laser interferometric technique which is the basic operation of LIGO. He was Chair of the COBE Science Working Group.He is a member of Fermilab Holometer experiment, which uses a 40m laser interferometer to measure properties of space and time at quantum scale and provide Planck-precision tests of quantum holographic fluctuation.In 2017, Weiss was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Kip Thorne and Barry Barish, \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare", "paragraph_text": "Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered \"experimental usefulness\". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role. If current developments continue, some[who?] believe it is reasonable to suggest that lasers will play a major role in air defence starting in the next ten years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Oriental Oil Kish", "paragraph_text": "Oriental Oil Kish is operated by Khatam al-Anbia in Iran and partially owned by former Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani. In 2005, together with Halliburton, it shared a $310 million contract to develop sectors 9 and 10 of the South Pars oil and gas field. It is blacklisted by the United States Department of the Treasury, the United Nations, and the European Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "LaserDisc", "paragraph_text": "In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities. After Pioneer released the LD-700, gas lasers were no longer used in consumer players, despite their advantages, although Philips continued to use gas lasers in their industrial units until 1985.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Faraday cage", "paragraph_text": "A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block electromagnetic fields. A Faraday shield may be formed by a continuous covering of conductive material, or in the case of a Faraday cage, by a mesh of such materials. Faraday cages are named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, who invented them in 1836.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Red", "paragraph_text": "Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the red helium–neon laser was invented, and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography, and in education. Red helium–neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players. The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology. Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers. Portable, high-powered versions are also available for various applications. More recently, 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems, particle image velocimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and holography.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Fritz Goro", "paragraph_text": "Goro documented many major scientific breakthroughs, including pictures of the first plutonium ever produced, the first atomic-bomb test, the advent of microelectronics, the ruby laser, as well as photos of Ali Javan timing the frequency of light at M.I.T. laboratory.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hydrogen", "paragraph_text": "Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask. He produced solid hydrogen the next year. Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey, and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck. Heavy water, which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen, was discovered by Urey's group in 1932. François Isaac de Rivaz built the first de Rivaz engine, an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806. Edward Daniel Clarke invented the hydrogen gas blowpipe in 1819. The Döbereiner's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bernard Mouat Jones", "paragraph_text": "Bernard Mouat Jones (27 November 1882 – 11 September 1953) was a British chemist, notable for identifying the chemical in mustard gas and the first scientist to be Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "World Wide Web", "paragraph_text": "The World Wide Web (WWW), also called the Web, is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners - Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Turbine", "paragraph_text": "Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854–1931) for invention of the reaction turbine, and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kundt's tube", "paragraph_text": "Kundt's tube is an experimental acoustical apparatus invented in 1866 by German physicist August Kundt for the measurement of the speed of sound in a gas or a solid rod. The experiment is still taught today due to its ability to demonstrate longitudinal waves in a gas (which can often be difficult to visualise). It is used today only for demonstrating standing waves and acoustical forces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Welding", "paragraph_text": "Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding, which blacksmiths had used for millennia to join iron and steel by heating and hammering. Arc welding and oxy-fuel welding were among the first processes to develop late in the century, and electric resistance welding followed soon after. Welding technology advanced quickly during the early 20th century as the world wars drove the demand for reliable and inexpensive joining methods. Following the wars, several modern welding techniques were developed, including manual methods like shielded metal arc welding, now one of the most popular welding methods, as well as semi-automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding. Developments continued with the invention of laser beam welding, electron beam welding, magnetic pulse welding, and friction stir welding in the latter half of the century. Today, the science continues to advance. Robot welding is commonplace in industrial settings, and researchers continue to develop new welding methods and gain greater understanding of weld quality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hydrogen", "paragraph_text": "In the same year the first hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator went into service with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant in the rotor and the stator in 1937 at Dayton, Ohio, by the Dayton Power & Light Co.; because of the thermal conductivity of hydrogen gas, this is the most common type in its field today.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "History of the internal combustion engine", "paragraph_text": "Father Eugenio Barsanti, an Italian engineer, together with Felice Matteucci of Florence invented the first real internal combustion engine in 1853. Their patent request was granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title ``Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses ''. In 1860, Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas - fired internal combustion engine. In 1864, Nikolaus Otto patented the first atmospheric gas engine. In 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid - fueled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four - cycle engine. In 1879, Karl Benz patented a reliable two - stroke gas engine. In 1892, Rudolf Diesel developed the first compressed charge, compression ignition engine. In 1926, Robert Goddard launched the first liquid - fueled rocket. In 1939, the Heinkel He 178 became the world's first jet aircraft. In 1954 German engineer Felix Wankel patented a`` pistonless'' engine using an eccentric rotary design.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Maurice Fernez", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Fernez (30 August 1885 - 31 January 1952, Alfortville, Paris, France) was a French inventor and pioneer in the field of underwater breathing apparatus, respirators and gas masks. He was pivotal in the transition of diving from the tethered diving helmet and suit of the nineteenth century to the free diving with self-contained equipment of the twentieth century. All Fernez invented apparatus were surface-supplied but his inventions, especially his mouthpiece equipped with a one-way valve, inspired the scuba diving pioneer Yves le Prieur. He was also a talented businessman who created a company to manufacture and sell the breathing apparatus he invented, and expanded its range of products to include gas masks, respirators and filters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Galilei number", "paragraph_text": "In fluid dynamics, the Galilei number (Ga), sometimes also referred to as Galileo number (see discussion), is a dimensionless number named after Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Iran", "paragraph_text": "Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Görres Society", "paragraph_text": "The Görres Society was founded on 25 January 1876 in Koblenz by Catholic scientists and writers as the \"Görres-Gesellschaft zur Pflege der katholischen Wissenschaften\" in honour of Joseph Görres to advance Roman Catholic studies. Co-founder, initiator and first president was Georg von Hertling, the later \"Reichskanzler\" of Germany.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Flash (1990 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "John Wesley Shipp as Barry Allen / Flash: A forensic scientist in the Central City Police Department (CCPD) who gains the power of super speed after his lab is struck by lightning causing him to be doused with chemicals. Shipp also portrayed the Flash's ``evil ''clone, Pollux. Amanda Pays as Christina`` Tina'' McGee: A scientist at S.T.A.R. Labs who provides the Flash with experimental inventions to adapt and overcome his enemies and learn about his powers. She is also a love interest of Barry. Alex Désert as Julio Mendez: A Central City Police Department scientist who is Barry Allen's co-worker and close friend.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 35307, "question": "Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?", "answer": "Ali Javan", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 422900, "question": "#1 >> employer", "answer": "M.I.T.", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Miami Heat", "paragraph_text": "In the summer of 2005, Riley brought in veteran free agent Gary Payton from the Boston Celtics, and also brought in James Posey, Jason Williams and Antoine Walker via trades. After a disappointing 11 -- 10 start to the 2005 -- 06 season, Riley relieved Van Gundy of his duties and took back the head coaching job. The Heat made it to the Conference Finals in 2006 and in a re-match, defeated the Pistons, winning the series 4 -- 2. Making its first NBA Finals appearance, they played the Dallas Mavericks, who won the first two games in Dallas in routs. The Heat then won the next four games, capturing its first ever championship. Wade won the Finals MVP award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players", "paragraph_text": "The oldest player ever to play in the NBA was Nat Hickey who played one game in the 1947 -- 48 season when he was 45 years and 363 days old. Hickey, who was coaching the Providence Steamrollers at the time, decided to activate himself and played in a game for the Steamrollers. In his first and only game as a player for the Steamrollers, he missed all six of his shot attempts and only scored two points from three free throw attempts. The second oldest player is Kevin Willis. Willis, who had played 20 seasons (excluding the 1988 -- 89 season he missed due to injury) in the league before he sat out the 2005 -- 06 season and earned a contract with the Dallas Mavericks on April 2, 2007. He then played 5 games for the Mavericks at the age of 44. The third oldest player is Hall of Famer Robert Parish. Parish, who starred with the Boston Celtics in the 1980s, played his last season with the Chicago Bulls at the age of 43. He played in 1,611 regular season games during his 21 - year career, more than any other player in NBA history. When the Bulls won the 1997 Finals, Parish became the oldest player ever to win the NBA championship. There are currently 27 players who played in the NBA after they turned 40.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "1968–69 British Home Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 1968–69 British Home Championship was the third edition of the tournament to be held while England were World Champions following their victory in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. The tournament was reverted to its pre-First World War format, being played at the end of the season in a short period of time, to relax the demands on the players during the competitive season. England re-emphasised their dominance over the British game with a second comfortable win in a row. The tournament began with the favourites England and Scotland securing comfortable (if dramatic) wins over their weaker opponents, before England repeated the feat in a tougher game against Wales and Scotland were held to a draw by Ireland. Going into the final game needing a win, the Scots were thoroughly beaten by a strong English team, who took the trophy in a 4–1 victory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "National Basketball Association", "paragraph_text": "The final playoff round, a best - of - seven series between the victors of both conferences, is known as the NBA Finals, and is held annually in June. The victor in the NBA Finals wins the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy. Each player and major contributor -- including coaches and the general manager -- on the winning team receive a championship ring. In addition, the league awards the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award to the best performing player of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Philadelphia 76ers", "paragraph_text": "The 76ers have had a rich history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson. They have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in 1967, a team which was led by Chamberlain. The third title came in 1983, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then: in 2001, where they were led by Iverson and lost to the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Golden State Warriors", "paragraph_text": "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in the San Francisco Bay Area in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached ten NBA Finals, winning six NBA championships in 1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Golden State's six NBA championships are tied for third-most in NBA history with the Chicago Bulls, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17) and Los Angeles Lakers (16).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Miami Heat", "paragraph_text": "Formed in 1988 as an expansion team, the Heat have won three league championships (in 2006, 2012 and 2013), five conference titles and eleven division titles. In 2013, the Heat won twenty - seven regular season games in a row, the third - longest streak in NBA history. In 2016, Forbes valued the Heat at $1.3 billion as the tenth most valuable among NBA franchises.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2011 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2010 -- 11 season of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in which the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 to win their first NBA championship. The series was held from May 31 to June 12, 2011. German player Dirk Nowitzki was named the Finals MVP, becoming the second European to win the award after Tony Parker (2007) and the first German player to do so. The series was a rematch of the 2006 NBA Finals, which the Heat had won in six games.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2007 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Cavaliers entered the 2007 Finals as newcomers. Game 1 was their first NBA Finals game in franchise history, and the first for each of its players (other than reserve point guard Eric Snow). However, the San Antonio Spurs had been to the Finals in three of the past eight seasons, winning a championship each time. With solid performances by Tim Duncan, Tony Parker, and Manu Ginóbili, the Spurs won the series opener in convincing fashion, limiting LeBron James to 14 points on 4 -- 16 shooting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "List of NBA players with most championships", "paragraph_text": "Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13 - year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win 10 championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966. He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player - coach. Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won 10 championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history. Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K.C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each. Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each. Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul - Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each. Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s. George Mikan won 2 championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won 5 championships in the NBA.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Philadelphia 76ers", "paragraph_text": "The 76ers have had a rich history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson. They have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in the 1966 -- 67 season, a team which was led by Chamberlain. The third title came in the 1982 -- 83 season, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then: in 2001, when they lost to the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2011 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2010 -- 11 season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 to win their first NBA championship. Dallas became the last NBA team from Texas to win its first title, after the Houston Rockets won back - to - back titles in 1994 and 1995, and the San Antonio Spurs won four NBA championships in 1999, 2003, 2005 and 2007, and a fifth one subsequently in 2014; all three Texas NBA teams have now won at least one NBA championship. It was also the first time in four years that the Los Angeles Lakers did not make the Finals, having been swept in the Western Conference semifinals by the eventual champion Dallas Mavericks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "LeBron James", "paragraph_text": "James played high school basketball at St. Vincent -- St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio, where he was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA superstar. After graduating, he was selected by his home team, the Cleveland Cavaliers, as the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft. James led Cleveland to the franchise's first Finals appearance in 2007, ultimately losing to the San Antonio Spurs. In 2010, he left the Cavaliers for the Miami Heat in a highly publicized ESPN special titled The Decision. James spent four seasons with the Heat, reaching the Finals all four years and winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. In 2013, he led Miami on a 27 - game winning streak, the third longest in league history. Following his final season with the Heat in 2014, James opted out of his contract and returned to the Cavaliers. From 2015 to 2017, he led the Cavaliers to three consecutive Finals, winning his third championship in 2016 to end Cleveland's 52 - year professional sports title drought.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "A total of 19 franchises have won the NBA Finals, with the Golden State Warriors the current champion. The Boston Celtics hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition 17 times, as well as winning the competition the most times in a row, winning it eight times from 1959 to 1966. The Los Angeles Lakers have contested the NBA Finals the most times, with 31 appearances. The Eastern Conference has provided the most champions, with 38 wins from ten franchises; the Western Conference has 32, from nine franchises.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2009 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s championship series for the 2008 -- 09 season. The best - of - seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers (who were also the defending Western Conference champions), and the Eastern Conference champion Orlando Magic. The Lakers defeated the Magic, four games to one, to win the franchise's 15th NBA championship. The 63rd edition of the championship series was played between June 4 and June 14 and was broadcast on U.S. television on ABC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "2006 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2005 -- 06 National Basketball Association season. The Miami Heat won the title in six games over the Dallas Mavericks, becoming the third team -- after the 1969 Celtics and the 1977 Trail Blazers -- to win a championship after trailing 0 -- 2 in the series. Heat guard Dwyane Wade was named Most Valuable Player of the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Boston Celtics", "paragraph_text": "With Bill Russell, the Celtics advanced to the 1957 NBA Finals and defeated the St. Louis Hawks in seven games, giving the Celtics the first of their record 17 championships. Russell went on to win 11 championships, making him the most decorated player in NBA history. In 1958, the Celtics again advanced to the NBA Finals, this time losing to the Hawks in 6 games. However, with the acquisition of K.C. Jones that year, the Celtics began a dynasty that would last for more than a decade. In 1959, the Celtics won the NBA Championship after sweeping the Minneapolis Lakers, the first of their record eight consecutive championships. During that time, the Celtics met the Lakers in the Finals five times, starting an intense and often bitter rivalry that has spanned generations. In 1964, the Celtics became the first NBA team to have an all African - American starting lineup. On December 26, 1964, Willie Naulls replaced an injured Tommy Heinsohn, joining Tom 'Satch' Sanders, K.C. Jones, Sam Jones, and Bill Russell in the starting lineup. The Celtics defeated St. Louis 97 -- 84. Boston won its next 11 games with Naulls starting in place of Heinsohn. The Celtics of the late - 1950s -- 1960s are widely considered as one of the most dominant teams of all time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago Bulls", "paragraph_text": "The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s when they were responsible for popularizing the NBA worldwide. They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three - peats. All six championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson. The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships and never lose an NBA Finals series in their history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "Most years in Finals (12) -- Bill Russell Most games played in Finals (70) -- Bill Russell Most career points in Finals (1,679) -- Jerry West Most career assists in Finals (584) -- Magic Johnson Most career rebounds in Finals (1,718) -- Bill Russell Most career blocks in Finals (116) -- Kareem Abdul - Jabbar Most career steals in Finals (102) -- Magic Johnson Most career turnovers in Finals (190) -- Magic Johnson", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Philadelphia 76ers", "paragraph_text": "The 76ers have had a rich history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson. They have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in 1967, a team which was led by Chamberlain. The third title came in 1983, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then: in 2001, when they lost to the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 52582, "question": "who has played in the most nba finals games", "answer": "Bill Russell", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 47867, "question": "how many championships in a row did #1 win", "answer": "eight", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Love in Mandya", "paragraph_text": "Love in Mandya () is a 2014 Indian Kannada language romance film written and directed by Arasu Anthare. It stars Sathish Ninasam and Sindhu Lokanath in the lead roles. The supporting cast features Manjunath, Prakash Shenoy, Jayashree Krishna and Rajendra Kamath.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "For Ever Mozart", "paragraph_text": "For Ever Mozart is a 1996 feature film directed, written and edited by Jean-Luc Godard. The film's title is a bilingual pun intentionally meant to sound like \"Faut rêver Mozart\" (\"Dream Mozart, dream\" in French). The film was selected as the Swiss entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Sign of the Four", "paragraph_text": "The Sign of the Four (1890), also called The Sign of Four, is the second novel featuring Sherlock Holmes written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Doyle wrote four novels and 56 short stories featuring the fictional detective.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Numero sign", "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Deaf Jam", "paragraph_text": "Deaf Jam is a 2011 documentary film directed and produced by American filmmaker Judy Lieff. The film centers on the experience of Aneta Brodski, a deaf teenager living in Queens, New York, who becomes immersed in the dynamic and three-dimensional form of American Sign Language poetry. When Aneta, an Israel-born ASL poet, eventually meets Tahani, a Palestinian, spoken word poet, the two begin to collaborate, creating a new form of poetry that gains recognition in deaf and hearing communities alike.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Knife in the Water", "paragraph_text": "Knife in the Water () is a 1962 Polish drama film co-written and directed by Roman Polanski, which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Polanski's first feature film, it features three characters in a story of rivalry and sexual tension.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin", "paragraph_text": "Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin () is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language thriller film directed by Sudhir Mishra. The film features Tara Deshpande and Nirmal Pandey, with the entire plot taking place over a single night. The film is based on a story written by Sudhir Mishra's brother, Sudhanshu Mishra, who died in 1995.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Matana MiShamayim", "paragraph_text": "A Gift from Above (, \"lit.\" a gift from the sky) is a 2003 Israeli drama film, directed by Dover Kosashvili. Like two of Kosashvili's other films, Late Marriage (2001) and Im Hukim (1998), the dialogue on this film is partly in the Judaeo-Georgian language and partly in Hebrew. And since the Judaeo-Georgian language is a dialect, spoken by a small community, most of the cast had to learn it for this production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Capsule", "paragraph_text": "The Capsule is a 2012 Greek short drama film directed by Athina Rachel Tsangari and starring Ariane Labed, Isolda Dychauk and Clémence Poésy. Aleksandra Waliszewska is co-writer of the film. The spoken language is French. The film was shot in Hydra. The film was nominated for the Short Film Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Achanak (1973 film)", "paragraph_text": "Achanak (, translation: Suddenly) is a 1973 Indian Hindi film, directed by Gulzar, written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, and starring Vinod Khanna. Gulzar received a Filmfare nomination as Best Director for this film. Even though Gulzar is an accomplished lyricist, this film did not have any songs in it. K.A. Abbas earned a Filmfare nomination for best story. It is inspired by the real-life sensational 1958 murder case KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Koyelaanchal", "paragraph_text": "Koyelaanchal is a 2014 Bollywood film produced and directed by Ashu Trikha, starring Vinod Khanna, Sunil Shetty, Vipinno and Roopali Krishnarao.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 95637, "question": "Who featured in the film Koyelaanchal?", "answer": "Vinod Khanna", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 487859, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Hindi", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[ "hi" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Scheila Gonzalez", "paragraph_text": "Scheila Gonzalez (born August 5, 1971 in Los Angeles, California) is an American, Grammy winning multi-instrumentalist and music educator. She is best known for playing the saxophone and other instruments with artists such as Dweezil Zappa, Alex Acuña, Ray Parker Jr., and many others. She currently plays alto saxophone in the all-female DIVA Jazz Orchestra and is a full-time member of the Zappa Plays Zappa world tour, in which she sings and plays several instruments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Stripper", "paragraph_text": "\"The Stripper\" is an instrumental composed by David Rose, recorded in 1958 and released four years later. It evinces a jazz influence with especially prominent trombone slides, and evokes the feel of music used to accompany striptease artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rafael Puyana", "paragraph_text": "Puyana taught such artists as Christopher Hogwood and Elizabeth de la Porte. He also collected historical instruments such as a 3-manual harpsichord made in 1740 by H.A. Hass.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Kabourou", "paragraph_text": "Kabourou is a town in the Fara Department of Balé Province in southern Burkina Faso. The town has a total population of 2,674.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Daho, Burkina Faso", "paragraph_text": "Daho is a village in the Fara Department of Balé Province in southern Burkina Faso. The town has a total population of 647.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Antiochus VI Dionysus", "paragraph_text": "Antiochus VI Dionysus (c. 148–142/1 BC), king of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, was the son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea, daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Scott Lanaway", "paragraph_text": "Scott Lanaway is a music artist from Toronto, Canada. His most recent release was 'Mergers & Acquisitions' (2010), a follow-up to 'Answering Machine Diaries' (2006). His musical style has been described as electrofolk - a combination of acoustic instruments and electronic soundscapes. It ranges from pop to cinematic/atmospheric.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dhol Taashe", "paragraph_text": "\"Dhol Taashe\" is a Marathi film which depicts the culture related to people who play drums and by instruments in Cultural Processions in Maharashtra, India. This is a story about a boy Amey Karkhanis (Abhijeet Khandkekar), who works in Information Technology, but loses his job due to a recession. After losing the job Amey involves himself in a group of \"Dhol Taashe\" playing artiste who play the instrument for the culture of the same and not money. Amey tries to corporatise the entire Euphoria and bring it into a stream line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Beatles VI", "paragraph_text": "Beatles VI is the Beatles' seventh Capitol Records release in the United States and Canada (including \"The Beatles' Story\"). It was the ninth album released into that market in less than one and a half years (Vee-Jay Records and United Artists Records also released one album each during that period). The LP was released in both mono and stereo versions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Falsas Esperanzas", "paragraph_text": "\"Falsas Esperanzas\" () is a song performed by American recording artist Christina Aguilera for her second studio album, \"Mi Reflejo\" (2000). It was written by Jorge Luis Piloto and released as a single through RCA Records on July 2, 2001. The uptempo Latin record was produced by Rudy Pérez and features instrumentation from a horn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Susan Nigro", "paragraph_text": "Susan L. Nigro (born 1951) is an American contrabassoonist. Unlike most players of the instrument, Nigro's career is primarily as a solo recitalist and recording artist rather than an orchestral player.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Naouya", "paragraph_text": "Naouya is a town in the Fara Department of Balé Province in southern Burkina Faso. The town has a total population of 1,343.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Vi skall fara bortom månen", "paragraph_text": "Vi skall fara bortom månen is a s Christian song written by Carl Öst, describing the importance of faith with references to the Space Race between the United States and the USSR. The song was recorded by him on the EP record \"Carl Öst sjunger till gitarr\", released 1966.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Felix Cappella", "paragraph_text": "Felix Cappella (January 24, 1930 in Fara Sabina – February 26, 2011 in Newmarket, Ontario) was a race walker from Canada, who represented Canada at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He won the silver medal at the 50 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and bronze in the 20 km race.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Diwân", "paragraph_text": "Diwân is a studio album released in 1998 by Franco-Algerian raï artist Rachid Taha. In contrast to his earlier releases, Diwân contains less rock and punk music, and features more traditional Arabic instruments. Many of the songs are about the founding fathers of raï music, and the lyrics are in Arabic and French.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Vi gör så gott vi kan", "paragraph_text": "Vi gör så gott vi kan is a song written by Lasse Holm and Gert Lengstrand as a fight song for the Sweden national football team for the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Carl Öst", "paragraph_text": "Carl Öst, (19 January 1908 in Alfta Parish – 13 February 1988 in Ovanåker Parish) was a Swedish singer and musician playing the violin and guitar. Originally playing folk music, he later switched to Christian music.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Russell Vis", "paragraph_text": "Russell Vis (June 22, 1900 – April 1, 1990) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion. Vis competed at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, where he received a gold medal in freestyle lightweight.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ahmed Faras", "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Faras () (born 7 December 1946 in Mohammedia) is a former Moroccan striker. He was named African Footballer of the Year in 1975, and spent all of his playing career with his native Chabab Mohammédia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "John Turnbull Thomson", "paragraph_text": "John Turnbull Thomson (10 August 1821 – 16 October 1884) was a British civil engineer and artist who played an instrumental role in the development of the early infrastructure of nineteenth-century Singapore and New Zealand.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 143789, "question": "Who was the artiste for Vi skall fara bortom månen?", "answer": "Carl Öst", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 699083, "question": "#1 >> instrument", "answer": "violin", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "Violin", "guitar" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "City of Manchester Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The stadium, originally proposed as an athletics arena in Manchester's bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics, was converted after the 2002 Commonwealth Games from a 38,000 capacity arena to a 48,000 seat football stadium at a cost to the city council of £22 million and to Manchester City of £20 million. Manchester City F.C. agreed to lease the stadium from Manchester City Council and moved there from Maine Road in the summer of 2003.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Convention on Cybercrime", "paragraph_text": "The Convention and its Explanatory Report was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe at its 109th Session on 8 November 2001. It was opened for signature in Budapest, on 23 November 2001 and it entered into force on 1 July 2004. As of December 2016, 52 states have ratified the convention, while a further four states had signed the convention but not ratified it.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Greg Harris (Ohio politician)", "paragraph_text": "Greg Harris was an American politician of the Democratic party and was a member of Cincinnati City Council. He lost the November 2009 election to keep his seat on Council.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Woodbine, Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Woodbine is a city in, and the county seat of, Camden County, Georgia, United States, an original county established when the state constitution was adopted in 1777. The population was 1,412 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Leonard B. Chandler", "paragraph_text": "Leonard Blanchard Chandler (August 29, 1851 – November 9, 1927) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served in the 1917 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, in both branches of the Massachusetts legislature, both branches of the city council and as the twelfth Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Busan Exhibition and Convention Center", "paragraph_text": "Busan Exhibition and Convention Center (), commonly known as BEXCO (Busan EXhibition and Convention center), is a convention and exhibition center located in Centum City, Haeundae-gu, Busan, South Korea. It features over 46,500㎡ of exhibition space and 53 meeting rooms. In June 2012, BEXCO completed its expansion to add a 4,002 seat auditorium and a new exhibition center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tobacco packaging warning messages", "paragraph_text": "The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, adopted in 2003, requires such package warning messages to promote awareness against smoking.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Syracuse, New York", "paragraph_text": "Syracuse (/ ˈsɪrəkjuːz, ˈsɛr -, - kjuːs /) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, in the United States. It is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,252, and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well - provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex. Syracuse was named after the original Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Strasbourg", "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia. Since 1952, the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg, which was formally designated its official 'seat' at the Edinburgh meeting of the European Council of EU heads of state and government in December 1992. (This position was reconfirmed and given treaty status in the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam). However, only the (four-day) plenary sessions of the Parliament are held in Strasbourg each month, with all other business being conducted in Brussels and Luxembourg. Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss, inaugurated in 1999, which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world. Before that, the EP sessions had to take place in the main Council of Europe building, the Palace of Europe, whose unusual inner architecture had become a familiar sight to European TV audiences. In 1992, Strasbourg became the seat of the Franco-German TV channel and movie-production society Arte.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Windermere, Edmonton (area)", "paragraph_text": "Windermere is a residential area in the southwest portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 2004 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Windermere Area Structure Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Southampton", "paragraph_text": "Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the council is:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "European Convention on Human Rights", "paragraph_text": "The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kaskitayo, Edmonton", "paragraph_text": "Kaskitayo is a residential area in the southwest portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1973 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Kaskitayo Outline Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hindi", "paragraph_text": "On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India. To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favor of Hindi, most notably Beohar Rajendra Simha along with Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Kaka Kalelkar, Maithili Sharan Gupt and Seth Govind Das who even debated in Parliament on this issue. As such, on the 50th birthday of Beohar Rajendra Simha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following adoption of Hindi as the official language. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India. However, it is not the national language of India because no language was given such a status in the Indian constitution.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Indianapolis", "paragraph_text": "On January 11, 1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state legislature approved the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6, 1821. In April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31, 1821, when Marion County, was established. A combined county and town government continued until 1832 when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated city effective March 30, 1847. Samuel Henderson, the city's first mayor, led the new city government, which included a seven - member city council. In 1853, voters approved a new city charter that provided for an elected mayor and a fourteen - member city council. The city charter continued to be revised as Indianapolis expanded. Effective January 1, 1825, the seat of state government relocated to Indianapolis from Corydon, Indiana. In addition to state government offices, a U.S. district court was established at Indianapolis in 1825.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Government of Chicago", "paragraph_text": "The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance usually adopted each November.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "West Jasper Place, Edmonton (area)", "paragraph_text": "West Jasper Place is a residential area in the west portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1972 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of West Jasper Place Outline Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Fourth Geneva Convention", "paragraph_text": "The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. It was adopted in August 1949. While the first three conventions dealt with combatants, the Fourth Geneva Convention was the first to deal with humanitarian protections for civilians in a war zone. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this and the other three treaties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Political corruption", "paragraph_text": "Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 592", "paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 592, adopted on 8 December 1986, having considered a letter from the representative of Zimbabwe in his capacity as Chairman of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, the Council reaffirmed the Geneva Conventions and condemned the opening of fire at a student demonstration by the Israel Defense Forces, in which two students were killed at Birzeit University.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 26852, "question": "What council was the city given a seat for in 1949?", "answer": "Council of Europe", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 71366, "question": "#1 adopted the convention of cybercrime in ____", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series, and will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series and will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of Game of Thrones, just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. According to an interview with co-creators David Benioff and D.B. Weiss, the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were ``down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap. ''Director Jack Bender, who worked on the show's sixth season, said that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes. Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said`` It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule.'' HBO confirmed on July 18, 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Later it was confirmed that the season would debut on July 16. According to a report by Entertainment Weekly, the seventh season of the series includes its longest episode, with the finale running for 81 minutes. The penultimate episode also runs for 71 minutes -- around 16 minutes longer than an average Game of Thrones episode. The first five episodes mostly run longer than average (55 minutes), at 59, 59, 63, 50, and 59 minutes respectively. The previous longest episode in the series was the sixth - season finale, ``The Winds of Winter '', which ran 69 minutes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Game of Thrones", "paragraph_text": "Season Ordered Filming First aired Last aired Novel (s) adapted Refs Season 1 March 2, 2010 Second half of 2010 April 17, 2011 June 19, 2011 A Game of Thrones Season 2 April 19, 2011 Second half of 2011 April 1, 2012 June 3, 2012 A Clash of Kings and some early chapters from A Storm of Swords Season 3 April 10, 2012 July -- November 2012 March 31, 2013 June 9, 2013 About the first two - thirds of A Storm of Swords Season 4 April 2, 2013 July -- November 2013 April 6, 2014 June 15, 2014 The remaining one - third of A Storm of Swords and some elements from A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons Season 5 April 8, 2014 July -- December 2014 April 12, 2015 June 14, 2015 A Feast for Crows, A Dance with Dragons and original content, with some late chapters from A Storm of Swords and elements from The Winds of Winter Season 6 July -- December 2015 April 24, 2016 June 26, 2016 Original content and outline from The Winds of Winter, with some late elements from A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons Season 7 April 21, 2016 August 2016 -- February 2017 July 16, 2017 August 27, 2017 Original content and outline from The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring Season 8 July 30, 2016 October 2017 -- Mid 2018 2018 / 19 2018 / 19", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones", "paragraph_text": "Game of Thrones has won 38 out of 110 nominations. Peter Dinklage has been nominated for the best supporting actor six times in a row for playing Tyrion Lannister, with an win in 2011 and 2015. Showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss have won twice for writing. Game of Thrones has six nominations for the best drama series, winning two in 2015 and 2016. Both David Nutter and Miguel Sapochnik have won for directing. Game of Thrones holds the Emmy - award record for most wins for a scripted television series, ahead of Frasier (which received 37).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "paragraph_text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R.R. Martin. He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991, and it was published in 1996. Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes. The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, A Dance with Dragons, took Martin six years to write. He is still writing the sixth novel, The Winds of Winter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "Depending upon the release of George R.R. Martin's forthcoming The Winds of Winter, the seventh season may comprise original material not found in the A Song of Ice and Fire series. According to previous reports, some of the show's sixth season had consisted of material revealed to the writers of the television series during discussions with Martin.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "paragraph_text": "# Title Pages Chapters Words Audio US release A Game of Thrones 694 73 292,727 33h 53m August 1996 A Clash of Kings 768 70 318,903 37h 17m February 1999 A Storm of Swords 973 82 414,604 47h 37m November 2000 A Feast for Crows 753 46 295,032 31h 10m November 2005 5 A Dance with Dragons 1056 73 414,788 48h 56m July 2011 6 The Winds of Winter Forthcoming 7 A Dream of Spring Forthcoming Total 4,228 344 1,736,054 198h 53m", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "paragraph_text": "Game of Thrones (season 7) Region 1 DVD cover Starring See List of Game of Thrones cast Country of origin United States No. of episodes 7 Release Original network HBO Original release July 16 (2017 - 07 - 16) -- August 27, 2017 (2017 - 08 - 27) Season chronology ← Previous Season 6 Next → Season 8 List of Game of Thrones episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)", "paragraph_text": "Not even a week after the Season 10 finale episode aired, the Grey's Anatomy team of writers began collaborating on ideas for Season 11 storylines. Shonda Rhimes tweeted that they were hard at work in the writing room, but would have the month of June off before coming back in full swing to write actual episodes. After the 4th of July weekend, Rhimes tweeted that the writers' room was once again buzzing, as the team had returned from vacation to start writing new episodes for Season 11. Camilla Luddington confirmed that the filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series and will also adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Game of Thrones (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) Region 1 DVD cover Starring See List of Game of Thrones cast Country of origin United States No. of episodes 10 Release Original network HBO Original release April 24 (2016 - 04 - 24) -- June 26, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 26) Season chronology ← Previous Season 5 Next → Season 7 List of Game of Thrones episodes", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "paragraph_text": "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R.R. Martin. He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991 and had it published in 1996. Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes. The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, A Dance with Dragons, took Martin five years to write. He is still writing the sixth novel, The Winds of Winter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mark Gatiss", "paragraph_text": "Mark Gatiss (/ ˈɡeɪtɪs / (listen) GAY - tiss; born 17 October 1966) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter and novelist. His work includes writing for and acting in the TV series Doctor Who and Sherlock. Together with Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton and Jeremy Dyson, he is a member of the comedy team The League of Gentlemen. He is also known for his role as Tycho Nestoris in the HBO series Game of Thrones.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Last Song I'll Write for You", "paragraph_text": "``The Last Song I'll Write for You ''is a song recorded by American Idol season 7 winner and singer - songwriter David Cook. It was released independently as a single through Cook's imprint Analog Heart Music on May 4, 2012, following his departure from RCA Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gregor Clegane", "paragraph_text": "Gregor Clegane A Song of Ice and Fire character Game of Thrones character Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson as Gregor Clegane in the promotional image for the fourth season of Game of Thrones First appearance Novel: A Game of Thrones (1996) Television: ``Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things ''(2011) Created by George R.R. Martin Portrayed by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson (season 4 -- present) Ian Whyte (season 2) Conan Stevens (season 1) (Game of Thrones) Information Aliases The Mountain That Rides The Mountain Tywin Lannister's Mad Dog The Great Dog The Enormity That Rides Robert Strong Gender Male Title Ser Knight of Clegane's Keep Family House Clegane Relatives Sandor Clegane (brother) Kingdom The Westerlands", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nepal", "paragraph_text": "Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalaya blocks cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and forms the northern limit of the monsoon wind patterns. In a land once thickly forested, deforestation is a major problem in all regions, with resulting erosion and degradation of ecosystems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "paragraph_text": "The Winds of Winter will resolve the cliffhangers from A Dance with Dragons early on and ``will open with the two big battles that (the fifth book) was building up to, the battle in the ice and the battle (...) of Slaver's Bay. And then take it from there. ''By the middle of 2010, Martin had already finished five chapters of The Winds of Winter from the viewpoints of Sansa Stark, Arya Stark, Arianne Martell, and Aeron Greyjoy, accumulating to around 100 completed pages. After the publication of A Dance with Dragons in 2011, Martin announced he would return to writing in January 2012. He spent the meantime on book tours, conventions, and continued working on his The World of Ice & Fire companion guide and a new Tales of Dunk and Egg novella.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Winter Is Coming", "paragraph_text": "\"Winter Is Coming\" is the series premiere episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\". The first episode of the first season, it was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in a faithful adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book \"A Game of Thrones\". The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "A Song of Ice and Fire", "paragraph_text": "# Title Pages Chapters Words Audio US release A Game of Thrones 694 73 292,727 33h 53m August 1996 A Clash of Kings 768 70 318,903 37h 17m February 1999 A Storm of Swords 973 82 414,604 47h 37m November 2000 A Feast for Crows 753 46 295,032 31h 10m November 2005 5 A Dance with Dragons 1040 73 414,788 48h 56m July 2011 6 The Winds of Winter Forthcoming 7 A Dream of Spring Forthcoming Total 4,228 344 1,736,054 198h 53m", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 81704, "question": "who is writing season 7 of game of thrones", "answer": "George R.R. Martin", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 59948, "question": "when did #1 start writing winds of winter", "answer": "2010", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mortimer L. Schiff", "paragraph_text": "Mortimer Loeb Schiff (June 5, 1877 – June 4, 1931), sometimes Mortimer Leo Schiff, was an American banker and notable early Boy Scouts of America (BSA) leader. His son John Mortimer Schiff was also involved with the BSA. He was also the father of Dorothy Schiff, who was the owner and publisher of the \"New York Post\" from 1939 to 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of sign languages", "paragraph_text": "There are perhaps three hundred sign languages in use around the world today. The number is not known with any confidence; new sign languages emerge frequently through creolization and de novo (and occasionally through language planning). In some countries, such as Sri Lanka and Tanzania, each school for the deaf may have a separate language, known only to its students and sometimes denied by the school; on the other hand, countries may share sign languages, though sometimes under different names (Croatian and Serbian, Indian and Pakistani). Deaf sign languages also arise outside educational institutions, especially in village communities with high levels of congenital deafness, but there are significant sign languages developed for the hearing as well, such as the speech - taboo languages used in aboriginal Australia. Scholars are doing field surveys to identify the world's sign languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ancient Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Gonja language", "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Numero sign", "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Baltic Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Hugo Schiff", "paragraph_text": "Hugo (Ugo) Schiff (26 April 1834 – 8 September 1915) was an Italian naturalized chemist, German by nationality. He discovered Schiff bases and other imines, and was responsible for research into aldehydes; leading to his development of the Schiff test. He also worked in the field of amino acids and the Biuret reagent.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Olympic Games ceremony", "paragraph_text": "Each country's delegation is led by a sign with the name of their country and by their nation's flag. Traditionally, Greece always enters first and leads the parade because of its historical status as the progenitor of the Olympics, and the host nation enters last. All other participating teams enter after Greece and before the host nation, in order according to a language selected by the organizing committee for those games, which is usually the dominant language in the area of the host city. Announcers announce each country's name in English, French and the dominant language of the area of the host city, if neither English nor French is the dominant language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Schiff test", "paragraph_text": "The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry name reaction developed by Hugo Schiff, and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues. The Schiff reagent is the reaction product of a dye formulation such as fuchsin and sodium bisulfite; pararosaniline (which lacks an aromatic methyl group) and new fuchsin (which is uniformly mono-methylated \"ortho\" to the dye's amine functionalities) are not dye alternatives with comparable detection chemistry.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 135799, "question": "Whom is Schiff test named after?", "answer": "Hugo Schiff", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 442683, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Italian", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[ "it" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dutch language", "paragraph_text": "It is the third language of South Africa in terms of native speakers (~13.5%), of whom 53 percent are Coloureds and 42.4 percent Whites. In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication. It is the lingua franca in Namibia, where it is spoken natively in 11 percent of households. In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Numero sign", "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bombard the Headquarters", "paragraph_text": "It is commonly believed that this \"big-character poster\" directly targeted Chinese President Liu Shaoqi and senior leader Deng Xiaoping, who were then in charge of Chinese government's daily affairs and who tried to cool down the mass hysteria which had been coming into shape in several universities in Beijing since the May 16 Notice, through which Mao officially launched the Cultural Revolution, was issued.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis", "paragraph_text": "The ninth congress, which opened on March 26, began with an extraordinary session of the Congress of People's Deputies taking up discussions of emergency measures to defend the constitution, including impeachment of President Yeltsin. Yeltsin conceded that he had made mistakes and reached out to swing voters in parliament. Yeltsin narrowly survived an impeachment vote on March 28, votes for impeachment falling 72 short of the 689 votes needed for a 2/3 majority. The similar proposal to dismiss Ruslan Khasbulatov, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet was defeated by a wider margin (339 in favour of the motion), though 614 deputies had initially been in favour of including the re-election of the chairman in the agenda, a tell-tale sign of the weakness of Khasbulatov's own positions (517 votes for would have sufficed to dismiss the speaker).By the time of the ninth Congress, the legislative branch was dominated by the joint communist-nationalist Russian Unity bloc, which included representatives of the CPRF and the Fatherland faction (communists, retired military personnel, and other deputies of a socialist orientation), Agrarian Union, and the faction \"Russia\" led by Sergey Baburin. Together with more 'centrist' groups (e.g. 'Change' (Смена)), the Yeltsin supporters ('Democratic Russia', 'Radical democrats') were clearly left in the minority.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "François-Nicolas Vincent", "paragraph_text": "François-Nicolas Vincent (born 1766 or 1767; died March 24, 1794) was the Secretary General of the War Ministry in the First French Republic, and a significant figure in the French Revolution. A member of the Cordelier Club, he is best known as a radical sans-culottes leader and prominent member of the Hébertist faction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "SCUM Manifesto", "paragraph_text": "SCUM Manifesto is a radical feminist manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1967. It argues that men have ruined the world, and that it is up to women to fix it. To achieve this goal, it suggests the formation of SCUM, an organization dedicated to overthrowing society and eliminating the male sex. The \"Manifesto\" is widely regarded as satirical, but based on legitimate philosophical and social concerns. It has been reprinted at least 10 times in English, translated into 13 languages, and excerpted several times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great Leap Forward", "paragraph_text": "Within the Party, there were major debates about redistribution. A moderate faction within the party and Politburo member Liu Shaoqi argued that change should be gradual and any collectivization of the peasantry should wait until industrialization, which could provide the agricultural machinery for mechanized farming. A more radical faction led by Mao Zedong argued that the best way to finance industrialization was for the government to take control of agriculture, thereby establishing a monopoly over grain distribution and supply. This would allow the state to buy at a low price and sell much higher, thus raising the capital necessary for the industrialization of the country.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Italian language", "paragraph_text": "A fourth faction claimed the best Italian was the one that the papal court adopted, which was a mix of Florentine and the dialect of Rome. Eventually, Bembo's ideas prevailed, and the foundation of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence (1582 -- 1583), the official legislative body of the Italian language led to publication of Agnolo Monosini's Latin tome Floris italicae linguae libri novem in 1604 followed by the first Italian dictionary in 1612.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of India", "paragraph_text": "Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist leader, declared Swaraj as the destiny of the nation. His popular sentence \"Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it\" became the source of inspiration for Indians. Tilak was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who held the same point of view. Under them, India's three big provinces – Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab, India shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism. In 1907, the Congress was split into two factions: The radicals, led by Tilak, advocated civil agitation and direct revolution to overthrow the British Empire and the abandonment of all things British. The moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, on the other hand wanted reform within the framework of British rule.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Anglo-Norman language", "paragraph_text": "When William the Conqueror led the Norman conquest of England in 1066, he, his nobles, and many of his followers from Normandy, but also those from northern and western France, spoke a range of langues d'oïl (northern varieties of Gallo - Romance). One of these was Old Norman, also known as ``Old Northern French ''. Other followers spoke varieties of the Picard language or western French. This amalgam developed into the unique insular dialect now known as Anglo - Norman French, which was commonly used for literary and eventually administrative purposes from the 12th until the 15th century. It is difficult to know much about what was actually spoken, as what is known about the dialect is restricted to what was written, but it is clear that Anglo - Norman was, to a large extent, the spoken language of the higher social strata in medieval England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gonja language", "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 160187, "question": "Who led the faction that was the least radicalized?", "answer": "Liu Shaoqi", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 350741, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Chinese", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after the initial filing date, which can be up to 12 months later for filings in other countries. As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a patent in the U.S. only after they received word from Britain (Britain would issue patents only for discoveries not previously patented elsewhere).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "John Stevens (Wisconsin inventor)", "paragraph_text": "John Stevens was a miller and inventor who lived in Neenah, Wisconsin. His inventions in flour milling revolutionized the process, leading to large-scale shifts in wheat-growing regions, and to the predominance of particular milling companies and mill-equipment manufacturers. Today Patent flour is still referred to due to Stevens' patents.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Paasche Airbrush Company", "paragraph_text": "The Paasche Airbrush Company is based in Chicago, Illinois. The company manufactures airbrushes, industrial spray guns, air compressors and related equipment. Paasche has been a manufacturer of airbrushes for over 100 years, based on patented designs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Eidophor", "paragraph_text": "The idea for the original Eidophor was conceived in 1939 in Zurich by Dr. Fritz Fischer and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, with the first prototype being unveiled in 1943. A patent was granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (patent no. 2,391,451) to Friederich Ernst Fischer for the \"Process and appliance for projecting television pictures\" on 25 December 1945.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Chester Carlson", "paragraph_text": "As a last resort, he began working for Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City as a research engineer. Finding the work dull and routine, after a year Carlson transferred to the patent department as an assistant to one of the company's patent attorneys.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "IPod", "paragraph_text": "In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a \"plastic music box\" in 1981, which he called the IXI. He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005. Except for three patents, the US patents administered by Sisvel had all expired in 2015, however (the exceptions are: U.S. Patent 5,878,080, expires February 2017, U.S. Patent 5,850,456, expires February 2017 and U.S. Patent 5,960,037, expires 9. April 2017.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rotary dial", "paragraph_text": "The first patent for a rotary dial was granted to Almon Brown Strowger (November 29, 1892) as U.S. Patent 486,909, but the commonly known form with holes in the finger wheel was not introduced until ca. 1904. While used in telephone systems of the independent telephone companies, rotary dial service in the Bell System in the United States was not common until the introduction of the Western Electric model 50AL in 1919.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "In September 2006, German officials seized MP3 players from SanDisk's booth at the IFA show in Berlin after an Italian patents firm won an injunction on behalf of Sisvel against SanDisk in a dispute over licensing rights. The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, \"bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany\" in the words of one commentator.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "James Cuffey", "paragraph_text": "James Cuffey (October 8, 1911 – May 30, 1999) was an American astronomer. He specialized in photoelectric photometry and held the patent on the Cuffey Iris Photometer, an instrument used in stellar photographic photometry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000. The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy. Two years later, he told colleagues that if he could get the patent for $25 million he would consider it a bargain. By then, the Bell company no longer wanted to sell the patent. Bell's investors would become millionaires, while he fared well from residuals and at one point had assets of nearly one million dollars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Asphalt", "paragraph_text": "In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain \"Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France\", and \"laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall\". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks, \"and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park\". \"The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry\". \"By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production\", with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving \"continue(d) in good order\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "MP3", "paragraph_text": "An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alexander Graham Bell", "paragraph_text": "Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office. Bell's patent covered \"the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically ... by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound\" [N 16] Bell returned to Boston the same day and the next day resumed work, drawing in his notebook a diagram similar to that in Gray's patent caveat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "W. Lewis Hyde", "paragraph_text": "Walter Lewis Hyde (1919-2003) was an American physicist, an early contributor to the field of fiber optics. He held patents for devices used in ophthalmology, as well as a panoramic rear-view mirror for automobiles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Patent", "paragraph_text": "A patent does not give a right to make or use or sell an invention. Rather, a patent provides, from a legal standpoint, the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the patented invention for the term of the patent, which is usually 20 years from the filing date subject to the payment of maintenance fees. From an economic and practical standpoint however, a patent is better and perhaps more precisely regarded as conferring upon its proprietor ``a right to try to exclude by asserting the patent in court '', for many granted patents turn out to be invalid once their proprietors attempt to assert them in court. A patent is a limited property right the government gives inventors in exchange for their agreement to share details of their inventions with the public. Like any other property right, it may be sold, licensed, mortgaged, assigned or transferred, given away, or simply abandoned.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Pharmaceutical industry", "paragraph_text": "Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities grant permission for the company to market and sell the drug. Patent protection enables the owner of the patent to recover the costs of research and development through high profit margins for the branded drug. When the patent protection for the drug expires, a generic drug is usually developed and sold by a competing company. The development and approval of generics is less expensive, allowing them to be sold at a lower price. Often the owner of the branded drug will introduce a generic version before the patent expires in order to get a head start in the generic market. Restructuring has therefore become routine, driven by the patent expiration of products launched during the industry's \"golden era\" in the 1990s and companies' failure to develop sufficient new blockbuster products to replace lost revenues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rubik's Cube", "paragraph_text": "In March 1970, Larry D. Nichols invented a 2×2×2 \"Puzzle with Pieces Rotatable in Groups\" and filed a Canadian patent application for it. Nichols's cube was held together by magnets. Nichols was granted U.S. Patent 3,655,201 on 11 April 1972, two years before Rubik invented his Cube.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11598, "question": "Which company was the Italian patents firm representing?", "answer": "Sisvel", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 11596, "question": "When did the majority of the patents held by #1 expire?", "answer": "2015", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Baltic Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ancient Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gonja language", "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Olympic Games ceremony", "paragraph_text": "Each country's delegation is led by a sign with the name of their country and by their nation's flag. Traditionally, Greece always enters first and leads the parade because of its historical status as the progenitor of the Olympics, and the host nation enters last. All other participating teams enter after Greece and before the host nation, in order according to a language selected by the organizing committee for those games, which is usually the dominant language in the area of the host city. Announcers announce each country's name in English, French and the dominant language of the area of the host city, if neither English nor French is the dominant language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "List of sign languages", "paragraph_text": "There are perhaps three hundred sign languages in use around the world today. The number is not known with any confidence; new sign languages emerge frequently through creolization and de novo (and occasionally through language planning). In some countries, such as Sri Lanka and Tanzania, each school for the deaf may have a separate language, known only to its students and sometimes denied by the school; on the other hand, countries may share sign languages, though sometimes under different names (Croatian and Serbian, Indian and Pakistani). Deaf sign languages also arise outside educational institutions, especially in village communities with high levels of congenital deafness, but there are significant sign languages developed for the hearing as well, such as the speech - taboo languages used in aboriginal Australia. Scholars are doing field surveys to identify the world's sign languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Anthony Panizzi", "paragraph_text": "Sir Antonio Genesio Maria Panizzi (16 September 1797 – 8 April 1879), better known as Anthony Panizzi, was a naturalised British librarian of Italian birth and an Italian patriot. He was the Principal Librarian (i.e. head) of the British Museum from 1856 to 1866.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Panizzi Lectures", "paragraph_text": "The Panizzi Lectures are a series of annual lectures given at the British Library by \"eminent scholars of the book\" and named after the librarian Anthony Panizzi. They are considered one of the major British bibliographical lecture series alongside the Sandars Lectures at the University of Cambridge and the Lyell Lectures at Oxford University.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Numero sign", "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 136052, "question": "What is Panizzi Lectures named after?", "answer": "Anthony Panizzi", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 749201, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Italian", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[ "en", "English", "eng", "it" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Menaechmi", "paragraph_text": "Menaechmi, a Latin-language play, is often considered Plautus' greatest play. The title is sometimes translated as The Brothers Menaechmus or The Two Menaechmuses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ellen Frothingham", "paragraph_text": "Ellen Frothingham (25 March 1835 - 1902) worked in the United States as a translator of German-language works into English.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Bible translations into Latin", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known translations into Latin consist of a number of piecework translations during the early Church period. Collectively, these versions are known as the Vetus Latina and closely follow the Greek Septuagint. The Septuagint was the usual source for these anonymous translators, and they reproduce its variations from the Hebrew Masoretic Text. They were never rendered independently from the Hebrew or Greek; they vary widely in readability and quality, and contain many solecisms in idiom, some by the translators themselves, others from literally translating Greek language idioms into Latin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Translation", "paragraph_text": "Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Translation", "paragraph_text": "The English word \"translation\" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning \"a carrying across\" or \"a bringing across\"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term \"translation\" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere (\"to lead across\" or \"to bring across\"). The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, \"vertaling\"—a \"re-language-ing\") likewise use calques of these Latin sources.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Translation", "paragraph_text": "The Arabs undertook large-scale efforts at translation. Having conquered the Greek world, they made Arabic versions of its philosophical and scientific works. During the Middle Ages, translations of some of these Arabic versions were made into Latin, chiefly at Córdoba in Spain. King Alfonso X el Sabio (Alphonse the Wise) of Castille in the 13th century promoted this effort by founding a Schola Traductorum (School of Translation) in Toledo. There Arabic texts, Hebrew texts, and Latin texts were translated into the other tongues by Muslim, Jewish and Christian scholars, who also argued the merits of their respective religions. Latin translations of Greek and original Arab works of scholarship and science helped advance European Scholasticism, and thus European science and culture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jan Hendrik Waszink", "paragraph_text": "Jan Hendrik Waszink (17 October 1908, Renswoude – 5 October 1990, Lugano) was a Dutch Latin scholar, Professor of Latin at Leiden University. Best known as an expert on Tertullian, he also edited the translation and commentary by Calcidius on Plato's \"Timaeus\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Coat of arms of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The present coat of arms of South Africa was introduced on Freedom Day 27 April 2000. It replaced the earlier national arms, which had been in use since 1910. The motto ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke is written in the Khoisan language of the ǀXam people and translates literally to ``diverse people unite ''. The previous motto, in Latin, was Ex Unitate Vires, translated as`` From unity, strength''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Czech (/ tʃ ɛk /; čeština Czech pronunciation: (ˈtʃɛʃcɪna)), historically also Bohemian (/ boʊˈhiːmiən, bə - /; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech -- Slovak group. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree. Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Catechism of the Catholic Church", "paragraph_text": "It was published in the French language in 1992. Later it was then translated into many other languages. In the United States, the English translation was published in 1994 and had been pre-ordered more than 250,000 copies before its release, with a note that it was ``subject to revision according to the Latin typical edition (editio typica) when it is published. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "Robert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English; another was produced by Richard Bell in 1937, and yet another by Arthur John Arberry in 1955. All these translators were non-Muslims. There have been numerous translations by Muslims. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published translations of the Quran in 50 different languages besides a five-volume English commentary and an English translation of the Quran.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Platonic Academy (Florence)", "paragraph_text": "The Neoplatonic Florentine Academy was founded after Gemistus Pletho reintroduced Plato's thoughts to Western Europe during the 1438 -- 39 Council of Florence. It was sponsored by Cosimo de 'Medici, led by Marsilio Ficino and supported by Medici until death of Lorenzo Medici. It was never a formal group but the members considered themselves a modern form of Plato's Academy. Important members were Poliziano, Cristoforo Landino, Pico della Mirandola, and Gentile de' Becchi. The academy would proceed to translate into Latin all of Plato's works, the Enneads of Plotinus, and various other Neoplatonic works.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Norbert Guterman", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Guterman (1900–1984) was a scholar, and translator of scholarly and literary works from French, Polish and Latin into English. His translations were remarkable for their range of subject matter and high quality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relative is Slovak, with which it is mutually intelligible. It is closely related to other West Slavic languages, such as Silesian and Polish. Although most Czech vocabulary is based on shared roots with Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages, many loanwords (most associated with high culture) have been adopted in recent years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Roman Republic", "paragraph_text": "The native language of the Romans was Latin. Although surviving Latin literature consists almost entirely of Classical Latin, an artificial and highly stylised and polished literary language from the 1st century BC, the actual spoken language was Vulgar Latin, which significantly differed from Classical Latin in grammar, vocabulary, and eventually pronunciation. Rome's expansion spread Latin throughout Europe, and over time Vulgar Latin evolved and dialectised in different locations, gradually shifting into a number of distinct Romance languages. Many of these languages, including French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, flourished, the differences between them growing greater over time. Although English is Germanic rather than Roman in origin, English borrows heavily from Latin and Latin-derived words.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Giovanni Cavalcanti (poet)", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cavalcanti (1444–1509) was an Italian poet from Florence, a member of the Platonic Academy of Florence that met in the Villa Medici at Careggi under the guidance of Marsilio Ficino. Ficino and Cavalcanti were particular friends: Giovanni Cavalcanti lived for many years with Ficino at his villa, and Marsilio dedicated his essay \"De amore\" (1484) to Cavalcanti, who had urged him to compose it. Ficino introduced the concept of \"Platonic love\" and addressed many letters to his \"Giovanni amico mio perfettisimo\" (\"Giovanni my most perfect friend\").", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Baltic Sea", "paragraph_text": "The Baltic Sea was known in ancient Latin language sources as Mare Suebicum or Mare Germanicum. Older native names in languages that used to be spoken on the shores of the sea or near it usually indicate the geographical location of the sea (in Germanic languages), or its size in relation to smaller gulfs (in Old Latvian), or tribes associated with it (in Old Russian the sea was known as the Varanghian Sea). In modern languages it is known by the equivalents of ``East Sea '',`` West Sea'', or ``Baltic Sea ''in different languages:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Portugal", "paragraph_text": "The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire between 1415 and 1999. Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of native Portuguese speakers of any country (200 million speakers in 2012).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 35893, "question": "Who undertook translating Plato's works to Latin?", "answer": "Marsilio Ficino", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 798003, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Italian", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Bobby Gore", "paragraph_text": "Bobby Gore (born Frederick Douglas Gore; May 11, 1936 – February 12, 2013) was an American gang leader and activist from Chicago, Illinois. Gore was the co–founder and former leader of the \"Conservative Vice Lords\" (CVL), which are historically one of the largest and most notorious street gangs in Chicago. Gore collaborated in the shift of the organizations criminal affiliations, in which the gang became a non-profit, pro-social community organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "An Inconvenient Truth", "paragraph_text": "An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 American concert film/documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former United States Vice President Al Gore's campaign to educate people about global warming. The film features a comprehensive slide show that, by Gore's own estimate, he has presented over a thousand times to audiences worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of more Luftwaffe units. Raeder's successor—Karl Dönitz—would—on the intervention of Hitler—gain control of one unit (KG 40), but Göring would soon regain it. Göring's lack of cooperation was detrimental to the one air strategy with potentially decisive strategic effect on Britain. Instead, he wasted aircraft of Fliegerführer Atlantik (Flying Command Atlantic) on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys. For Göring, his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain, and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone. He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "John F. Gore", "paragraph_text": "John F. Gore, was born on March 27, 1926 in New Haven, Connecticut to George F. Gore and Irene S. Gore. He served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II and with the Connecticut National Guard in the Korean War. His career would culminate with being appointed as the Connecticut Adjutant General in 1982 but would be forced to resign in 1985 amid various scandals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Blitz", "paragraph_text": "A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe\". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his \"empire\" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Leap of Faith (Kenny Loggins album)", "paragraph_text": "Leap of Faith is the seventh solo album from singer Kenny Loggins. Released in 1991, it was the first album Loggins released after a divorce, and is notably longer than his previous solo albums. Singles from the album included \"The Real Thing,\" \"If You Believe,\" \"Now or Never,\" and \"Conviction of the Heart,\" the latter of which was later dubbed \"the unofficial anthem of the environmental movement\" by Vice President Al Gore. \"I Would Do Anything\" features Sheryl Crow who can also be heard in the title song along with Smokey Robinson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "You Don't Own Me", "paragraph_text": "``You Do n't Own Me ''Single by Lesley Gore from the album Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed - Up Hearts B - side`` Run Bobby, Run'' Released December 1963 Format 7 ''single Recorded 1963 Genre Pop R&B Length 2: 31 Label Mercury Songwriter (s) John Madara Dave White Producer (s) Quincy Jones Lesley Gore singles chronology ``She's a Fool'' (1963)`` You Do n't Own Me ''(1963) ``That's the Way Boys Are'' (1964)`` She's a Fool ''(1963) ``You Do n't Own Me'' (1963)`` That's the Way Boys Are ''(1964)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Eagles Nest Wilderness", "paragraph_text": "The Eagles Nest Wilderness lies in the southern area of the Gore Range of mountains. The Gore Range was named in honor of Sir George Gore arising from a hunting expedition led by Jim Bridger, 1804–1881, early trapper and explorer of the Rocky Mountains. Bridger documented the Great Salt Lake in 1824 and guided westward settlers through Bridger Pass in 1850, shortening the Oregon Trail by . In 1854, Sir George Gore hired Bridger as a hunting guide out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The Gore expedition traveled through the central Colorado mountain range before heading north into the Yellowstone area. Gore practiced a policy of heavy treading on the land, hauling 30 wagons and more than 50 servants on his expedition of 6,000 miles. Gore shot thousands of large game animals during his guided tour of the mountains that extended into 1855.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Castle Goring", "paragraph_text": "Castle Goring was designed by John Rebecca for Sir Bysshe Shelley, 1st Baronet. It was intended that his grandson, the renowned poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, would live at Castle Goring; however, he drowned in Italy aged just 29, so he never took possession of the house.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Patriotic Gore", "paragraph_text": "Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War is a 1962 book of historical and literary criticism written by Edmund Wilson. It consists of 26 chapters about the works and lives of almost 30 writers, including", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "You Don't Own Me", "paragraph_text": "``You Do n't Own Me ''is a popular song written by Philadelphia songwriters John Madara and David White and recorded by Lesley Gore in 1963, when Gore was 17 years old. The song was Gore's second most successful recording and her last top - ten single. On November 27, 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Out Here on My Own", "paragraph_text": "``Out Here on My Own ''is a ballad from the 1980 musical film Fame, performed by Irene Cara. It was written by sibling songwriting duo Lesley Gore (lyricist) and Michael Gore (composer). The song was produced by Michael Gore, and published by MGM BMI / Variety ASCAP. Cara performed the song at the 1981 Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The song was released on the soundtrack to the 1980 film Fame, which also contains an instrumental version of the track.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Richard Gore", "paragraph_text": "Richard Gore (died 1622) was an English merchant adventurer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1604 to 1611.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Chantels", "paragraph_text": "The Chantels are a pop music group and were the second African-American girl group to enjoy nationwide success in the United States, preceded by The Bobbettes. The group was established in the early 1950s by students attending St. Anthony of Padua School in The Bronx. The original five members consisted of Arlene Smith (lead) (October 5, 1941), Sonia Goring Wilson (born Millicent Goring) (1940), Renée Minus White (1943), Jackie Landry Jackson (May 22, 1941 – December 23, 1997) and Lois Harris (1940). They derived their name from that of school St. Frances de Chantal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Landis Gores", "paragraph_text": "Landis Gores (August 31, 1919 – March 18, 1991) was an American architect, native to Cincinnati, Ohio. Landis was known for his modernist Gores Pavilion, the Gores Family House, and the House for All Seasons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Night on Bald Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Night on Bald Mountain (Russian: Ночь на лысой горе, Noch ′ na lysoy gore), also known as Night on the Bare Mountain, is a series of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky (1839 -- 1881). Inspired by Russian literary works and legend, Mussorgsky composed a ``musical picture '', St. John's Eve on Bald Mountain (Russian: Иванова ночь на лысой горе, 'Ivanova noch ′ na lysoy gore) on the theme of a witches' sabbath occurring on St. John's Eve, which he completed on that very night, 23 June 1867. Together with Nikolay Rimsky - Korsakov's Sadko (1867), it is one of the first tone poems by a Russian composer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Golden Age (Vidal novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Golden Age, a historical novel published in 2000 by Gore Vidal, is the seventh and final novel in his \"Narratives of Empire\" series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2000 United States presidential election in Florida", "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election in Florida, 2000 ← 1996 November 7, 2000 2004 → Turnout 70% Nominee George W. Bush Al Gore Party Republican Democratic Home state Texas Tennessee Running mate Dick Cheney Joe Lieberman Electoral vote 25 0 Popular vote 2,912,790 2,912,253 Percentage 48.847% 48.838% County Results Gore -- 60 - 70% Gore -- 50 - 60% Gore -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 50 - 60% Bush -- 60 - 70% Bush -- 70 - 80% President before election William Jefferson Clinton Democratic Elected President George Walker Bush Republican", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jade Trini Goring", "paragraph_text": "Jade Trini Goring (born 1972), formerly known by the stage name Jade Trini, is an American contemporary gospel music singer. Goring was also briefly a member of the electronic/house/old school hip hop group Mantronix, in 1991.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Buckingham Palace", "paragraph_text": "Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document \"failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution\". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 32506, "question": "Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?", "answer": "the Kriegsmarine", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 32631, "question": "What did Goring believe the #1 would gain with further support?", "answer": "control of more Luftwaffe units", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[ "Luftwaffe" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "You'll Be Back", "paragraph_text": "King George III is dismayed by the American War of Independence and expresses his belief that the American Colonists will crawl back to the British Empire once their rebellion is squashed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "American Revolution", "paragraph_text": "Tensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the British attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Virginia Declaration of Rights", "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish ``inadequate ''government. It influenced a number of later documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the United States Bill of Rights (1789).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "President of the Continental Congress", "paragraph_text": "Fourteen men served as president of Congress. The first was Peyton Randolph, who was elected on September 5, 1774. The last president, Cyrus Griffin, resigned in November 1788. President John Hancock is remembered for his large, bold signature on the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted and signed during his presidency.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. These states would found a new nation -- the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was passed on July 2 with no opposing vote cast. A committee of five had already drafted the formal declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Thomas Jefferson", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13 (O.S. April 2) 1743 -- July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he was elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. A proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from Great Britain and form a new nation, he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. He was a land owner and farmer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Martin Mejstřík", "paragraph_text": "Martin Mejstřík (born 30 May 1962 in Kolín) is a Czech politician and human rights activist. He is notable for his role as a student leader during the Velvet Revolution that led to the ousting of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia in November 1989. He served as a Senator in the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from 2002 to 2008, representing Prague 1 as an independent, and was a member of the Senate Committee on Education, Science, Culture, Human Rights and Petitions. Mejstřík is a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism (and the co-organizer, with Jana Hybášková, of its preceding conference) and the Declaration on Crimes of Communism. He was also one of the politicians proposing the creation of the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes. In 2007, he proposed a ban on \"communist and all totalitarian propaganda and symbols\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "James II of England", "paragraph_text": "William convened a Convention Parliament on 22 January 1689 to decide how to handle James's flight. While the Parliament refused to depose him, they declared that James, having fled to France and dropped the Great Seal into the Thames, had effectively abdicated the throne, and that the throne had thereby become vacant. To fill this vacancy, James's daughter Mary was declared queen; she was to rule jointly with her husband William, who would be king. The Parliament of Scotland on 11 April 1689, declared James to have forfeited the throne. The English Parliament passed a Bill of Rights that denounced James for abusing his power. The abuses charged to James included the suspension of the Test Acts, the prosecution of the Seven Bishops for merely petitioning the crown, the establishment of a standing army, and the imposition of cruel punishments. The Bill also declared that henceforth, no Roman Catholic was permitted to ascend the English throne, nor could any English monarch marry a Roman Catholic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Texas Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington - on - the - Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the following day after mistakes were noted in the text.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "John Dickinson", "paragraph_text": "John Dickinson (November 2 /November 13, 1732 – February 14, 1808), a Founding Father of the United States, was a solicitor and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware known as the \"Penman of the Revolution\" for his twelve \"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania\", published individually in 1767 and 1768. As a member of the First Continental Congress, where he was a signee to the Continental Association, Dickinson drafted most of the 1774 Petition to the King, and then, as a member of the Second Continental Congress, wrote the 1775 Olive Branch Petition. When these two attempts to negotiate with King George III of Great Britain failed, Dickinson reworked Thomas Jefferson's language and wrote the final draft of the 1775 Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms. When Congress then decided to seek independence from Great Britain, Dickinson served on the committee that wrote the Model Treaty, and then wrote the first draft of the 1776–1777 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "French Constitution of 1791", "paragraph_text": "The National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man, adopted on 27 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791. The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Republic of Texas", "paragraph_text": "The Mexican province of Tejas (in English history books usually referred to as Mexican Texas) declared its independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1836. The Texas war of independence ended on April 21, 1836, but Mexico refused to recognize the independence of the Republic of Texas, and intermittent conflicts between the two states continued into the 1840s. The United States recognized the Republic of Texas in March 1837 but declined to annex the territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Petition to the King", "paragraph_text": "Many colonists in the Americas, however, developed a different conception of their role within the British Empire. In particular, because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, colonists argued that Parliament had no right to levy taxes upon them. After colonists destroyed thousands of pounds of British - taxed tea during the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in 1774, punishing the colonies for their actions. These punitive Acts were vehemently opposed by the colonists, leading the newly formed Continental Congress to seek redress with King George III, in an attempt to reach a common understanding.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of the United States", "paragraph_text": "Armed conflict began in 1775. In 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared a new, independent nation: the United States of America. Led by General George Washington, it won the Revolutionary War with large support from France. The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River (except Canada and Florida). The Articles of Confederation established a central government, but it was ineffectual at providing stability, as it could not collect taxes and had no executive officer. A convention in 1787 wrote a new Constitution that was adopted in 1789. In 1791, a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights. With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief adviser, a strong central government was created. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States. A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812, which solidified national pride.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would now regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these states formed a new nation -- the United States of America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "First Continental Congress", "paragraph_text": "The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and drawing up a list of rights and grievances; in the end, they petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Texas Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The revolution began in October 1835, after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas. The Mexican governmnt had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed, particularly regarding immigration from the United States. Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. While delegates at the Consultation (provisional government) debated the war's motives, Texians and a flood of volunteers from the United States defeated the small garrisons of Mexican soldiers by mid-December 1835. The Consultation declined to declare independence and installed an interim government, whose infighting led to political paralysis and a dearth of effective governance in Texas. An ill - conceived proposal to invade Matamoros siphoned much - needed volunteers and provisions from the fledgling Texas army. In March 1836, a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Glorious Revolution", "paragraph_text": "The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, who was James's nephew and son - in - law. William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England jointly with his wife, Mary II, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Independence Day (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 80262, "question": "who petitioned the king of england to recognize the rights of colonists", "answer": "Continental Congress", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 77732, "question": "who was the president of #1 when the declaration of independence was adopted", "answer": "President John Hancock", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "John Hancock" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Besim Bey", "paragraph_text": "Besim Bey, full name Mehmed Besim Bey born in 1828 in the Ottoman Empire was an Ottoman public administrator and politician. He was also a lyricist author.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vilnius County", "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kara Vâsıf Bey", "paragraph_text": "Kara Vâsıf Bey (1880; 'Asir – December 5, 1931; Kadıköy) was an officer of the Ottoman Army, and a politician of the Republic of Turkey. He was one of the founding members of the Karakol society and his family took the surname \"Karakol\" after his death.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "FC Uchkun Kara-Suu", "paragraph_text": "FC Uchkun Kara-Suu is a Kyrgyz football club based in Kara-Suu, Kyrgyzstan that played in the top division in Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyzstan League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Qaraağac, Sabirabad", "paragraph_text": "Qaraağac (also, Karaagach, Karagach, Kara-Ogatch, and Yakha-Kara-Agach) is a village and municipality in the Sabirabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,080.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "British Togoland", "paragraph_text": "British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa, under the administration of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule while French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Paea", "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ap Lo Chun", "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Union territory", "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bogotá", "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho", "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Territory of Papua", "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dallol (woreda)", "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Biysky District", "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert", "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Balm bei Messen", "paragraph_text": "Balm bei Messen was a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal and Oberramsern merged into the municipality of Messen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Peruvamkulangara", "paragraph_text": "Peruvamkulangara is a small administrative ward near Ollur, Thrissur district, Kerala, India. The term comes from \"Peruvan\" (very big) \"kulam\" (pond) \"kara\" (shore).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen", "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Sun Quan", "paragraph_text": "Immediately after Cao Cao withdrew, Sun Quan took over the northern half of Jing Province. Liu Bei marched south and took over the southern half. The Sun-Liu alliance was further cemented by a marriage of Sun Quan's younger sister, Lady Sun, to Liu Bei. Zhou Yu was suspicious of Liu Bei's intentions, however, and suggested to Sun Quan that Liu be seized and put under house arrest (albeit be very well-treated) and his forces be merged into Sun's; Sun Quan, believing that Liu Bei's forces would rebel if he did that, declined. Sun Quan did agree to Zhou Yu's plans to consider attacking Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu (who controlled the modern southern Shaanxi) to try to take over their territories, but after Zhou Yu died in 210, the plans were abandoned. However, Sun Quan was able to persuade the warlords in present-day Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam to submit to him, and they became part of his domain. He then yielded parts of northern Jing Province to Liu Bei as well, agreeing with Liu that the south was insufficient to supply his troops. At the same time, Sun Quan appointed his subordinate Bu Zhi as the Inspector () of Jiao Province to replace Lai Gong. Shi Xie led his followers to submit to Bu Zhi's governorship. Sun Quan took over the entire Jiao Province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kadıköy", "paragraph_text": "Kadıköy (; in Byzantine Chalcedon, in ), is a large, populous, and cosmopolitan district in the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmara, facing the historic city centre on the European side of the Bosporus. Kadıköy is also the name of the most prominent neighbourhood of the district, a residential and commercial area that, with its numerous bars, cinemas and bookshops, is the cultural centre of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Kadıköy became a district in 1928 when it was separated from Üsküdar district. The neighbourhoods of İçerenköy, Bostancı and Suadiye were also separated from the district of Kartal in the same year, and eventually joined the newly formed district of Kadıköy. Its neighbouring districts are Üsküdar to the northwest, Ataşehir to the northeast, Maltepe to the southeast, and Kartal beyond Maltepe. The population of Kadıköy district, according to the 2007 census, is 509,282.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 146496, "question": "In what place did Kara Vâsıf Bey die?", "answer": "Kadıköy", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 719024, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Istanbul", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bury Them Deep", "paragraph_text": "Bury Them Deep (, also known as \"To the Last Drops of Blood\") is a 1968 Italian Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Paolo Moffa and starring Craig Hill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Accident on Hill Road", "paragraph_text": "Accident on Hill Road is a 2009 Bollywood film, directed by Mahesh Nair and produced by Nari Hira, starring Farooq Sheikh, Abhimanyu Singh, Celina Jaitly. The film is an authorised remake of the 2007 American film \"Stuck\", which is based on the true story of Chante Mallard.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Deaf Jam", "paragraph_text": "Deaf Jam is a 2011 documentary film directed and produced by American filmmaker Judy Lieff. The film centers on the experience of Aneta Brodski, a deaf teenager living in Queens, New York, who becomes immersed in the dynamic and three-dimensional form of American Sign Language poetry. When Aneta, an Israel-born ASL poet, eventually meets Tahani, a Palestinian, spoken word poet, the two begin to collaborate, creating a new form of poetry that gains recognition in deaf and hearing communities alike.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Navarathinam", "paragraph_text": "Navarathinam (), is a 1977 Indian Tamil-language action road film, written and directed by A. P. Nagarajan, starring M. G. Ramachandran in the lead role, Latha, Jayachitra, Zarina Wahab and others enacting supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The Blood of Jesus", "paragraph_text": "The Blood of Jesus is a 1941 American race film written by, directed by, and starring Spencer Williams. It was also released under the alternate title of The Glory Road.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Sea Inside", "paragraph_text": "The Sea Inside () is a 2004 Spanish drama film written, produced, directed, and scored by Alejandro Amenábar, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It is based on the real-life story of Ramón Sampedro (played by Javier Bardem), who was left quadriplegic after a diving accident, and his 28-year campaign in support of euthanasia and the right to end his life.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Anuraga Sangama", "paragraph_text": "Anuraga Sangama is a 1995 Indian Kannada language romantic drama film directed and written by V. Umakanth. The film stars Ramesh Aravind, Kumar Govind and Sudharani in the lead roles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Sign on the Door", "paragraph_text": "The Sign on the Door is a 1921 American silent drama film starring Norma Talmadge and Lew Cody. The film was directed and written by Herbert Brenon, and based upon the play of the same name by Channing Pollock. A copy of this film is in the Library of Congress film archive.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Man Who Haunted Himself", "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Haunted Himself is a 1970 British psychological thriller film written and directed by Basil Dearden (his final film prior to his death by automobile accident in 1971) and starring Roger Moore. It was based on the novel \"The Strange Case of Mr Pelham\" by Anthony Armstrong.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Douthyam", "paragraph_text": "Douthyam is a 1989 Malayalam-language Indian action adventure film directed by P. Anil and written by Gayathri Ashokan. The film stars Mohanlal, Suresh Gopi, Parvathy Jayaram, and Babu Antony.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Katha (1983 film)", "paragraph_text": "Katha (English: Story) is a 1983 Hindi film by Sai Paranjpye featuring Naseeruddin Shah, Farooq Shaikh and Deepti Naval in the main roles. The film is about the daily lives of people living in a Mumbai \"chawl\". The story is based on S.G. Sathye's Marathi play \"Sasa aani Kasav\" (Hare and Tortoise), which was also adapted into the 1988 movie \"Mukunthetta Sumitra Vilikkunnu\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Casanova Brown", "paragraph_text": "Casanova Brown is a 1944 American romantic comedy film directed by Sam Wood, written by Nunnally Johnson, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Frank Morgan. The film had its world premiere in western France after the Allies had liberated those territories following the D-Day Invasion. The film is based on the 1927 novel \"An Unmarried Father\" by Floyd Dell and the 1928 play \"Little Accident\" by Dell and Thomas Mitchell, which had been previously filmed by Universal Pictures in 1930 as \"The Little Accident\" and in 1939 as \"Little Accident\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Capsule", "paragraph_text": "The Capsule is a 2012 Greek short drama film directed by Athina Rachel Tsangari and starring Ariane Labed, Isolda Dychauk and Clémence Poésy. Aleksandra Waliszewska is co-writer of the film. The spoken language is French. The film was shot in Hydra. The film was nominated for the Short Film Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "We Never Die", "paragraph_text": "We Never Die () is a 1993 Hungarian comedy film written by, directed and starring Róbert Koltai. The film was selected as the Hungarian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 94680, "question": "In the film Accident on Hill Road, who was the star?", "answer": "Farooq Sheikh", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 446437, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Hindi", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "hi" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "History of the FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 1998 World Cup was held in France, and had an expanded format featuring 32 teams. Iran beat the Maldives in qualification by the widest margin in World Cup history -- 17 -- 0. In the finals, the second round match between France and Paraguay witnessed the first golden goal in World Cup history, as Laurent Blanc scored to give the hosts a 1 -- 0 victory. Hosts France won the tournament by beating Brazil 3 -- 0 in the final, as the scorer of four goals in the tournament, Ronaldo, appeared to be less than a hundred percent in the match, and was unable to make any impact. Debutants Croatia finished a commendable third.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The major international competition in football is the World Cup, organised by FIFA. This competition takes place every four years since 1930 with the exception of 1942 and 1946 tournaments, which were cancelled due to World War II. Approximately 190–200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental confederations for a place in the finals. The finals tournament, which is held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period. The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final match, a ninth of the entire population of the planet. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. FIFA Women's World Cup has been held every four years since 1991. Under the tournament's current format, national teams vie for 23 slots in a three-year qualification phase. (The host nation's team is automatically entered as the 24th slot.) The current champion is the United States, after winning their third title in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Angelo P. Graham", "paragraph_text": "Angelo P. Graham (1932-2017) was an American art director. He won an Oscar and was nominated for three more in the category Best Art Direction. He worked on nearly 30 films during his 30-year career.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "FA Cup", "paragraph_text": "Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the First World War, and didn't resume until 1919–20. The 1922–23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). Due to the outbreak of World War II, the competition wasn't played between the 1938–39 and 1945–46 editions. Due to the wartime breaks, the competition didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81; fittingly the final featured a goal by Ricky Villa which was later voted the greatest goal ever scored at Wembley Stadium, but has since been replaced by Steven Gerrard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2011 FIFA Women's World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The final bidding dossiers had to be handed over before 1 August 2007. Switzerland withdrew on 29 May 2007, stating that Europe is heavily focused on France and Germany, and a third European bid appeared futile. On 27 August 2007, France also withdrew, reportedly in exchange for Germany's support for their bid to host the men's UEFA Euro 2016. Later Australia (12 October 2007) and Peru (17 October 2007) voluntarily dropped out of the race as well, leaving only Canada and Germany as the remaining candidates. On 30 October 2007, the FIFA Executive Committee voted to assign the tournament to Germany. Canada was eventually awarded the 2015 Women's World Cup four years later.Upon the selection, Germany became the third country to host both men's and women's World Cup, having hosted the men's twice in 1974 and 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "FIFA Women's World Cup", "paragraph_text": "In March 2015, FIFA awarded France the right to host the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup over South Korea. The tournament will begin on 1 June 2019 and the final will be played on 30 June 2019; both the opening and final matches will be played at Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a venue with a capacity of 58,000 in the Lyon suburb of Décines.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Project SuperStar", "paragraph_text": "Project SuperStar () is a singing talent search competition organised by MediaCorp and broadcast every Wednesday and Thursday at 8:00 pm on Channel U in Singapore. Project SuperStar was organised to uncover and develop young talent in Mandarin pop in Singapore. Closely modelled after the Pop Idol, 24 contestants were selected to enter the Quarter Finals of the competition. For both seasons, it was hosted by Quan Yi Fong and Jeff Wang. Episodes were pre-recorded, and broadcast on Wednesday for male contestants, while episodes on Thursday feature female contestants. Result shows were shown on the same Thursday of the week at 11:30 pm. Season 3's Live-telecast will begin on 18 August 2014 and the finale is set to be on 26 October 2014. It is announced that Dasmond Koh, Jeremy Chan and Shane Pow will be the hosts for the third season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador", "paragraph_text": "The rugby union team The Rock is the Eastern Canadian entry in the Americas Rugby Championship. The Rock play their home games at Swilers Rugby Park, as did the Rugby Canada Super League champions for 2005 and 2006, the Newfoundland Rock. The city hosted a Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56–7 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals in France. The 2007 age-grade Rugby Canada National Championship Festival was held in the city.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "Thirty - one national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament (with Bosnia and Herzegovina as only debutant). A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues located in as many host cities across Brazil. For the first time at a World Cup finals, match officials used goal - line technology, as well as vanishing spray for free kicks. FIFA Fan Fests in each host city gathered a total of 5 million people, and the country received 1 million visitors from 202 countries. Every World Cup - winning team since the first tournament in 1930 -- Argentina, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Uruguay -- qualified for this tournament. Spain, the title holders, were eliminated at the group stage, along with England and Italy. Uruguay were eliminated in the round of 16, and France exited in the quarter - finals. Host nation Brazil, who had won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, lost to Germany 7 -- 1 in the semi-finals and eventually finished in fourth place.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2018 World Rugby Under 20 Championship", "paragraph_text": "2018 World Rugby Under 20 Championship Tournament details Host nation France Date 30 May -- 17 June 2018 No. of nations 12 Final positions Champions France Runner - up England Third place South Africa Fourth place New Zealand Tournament statistics Matches played 30 Top scorer (s) Louis Carbonel (60) Most tries Giovanni D'Onofrio Wandisile Simelane (6 tries each) ← 2017 2019 →", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", "paragraph_text": "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Final Fu", "paragraph_text": "Final Fu is an American reality television show that first aired on MTV2 on July 17, 2006, and ran for a single season of twenty episodes The show was hosted by Ernie Reyes, Jr., and featured practitioners of various styles of martial arts competing in one-on-one semi-contact point sparring matches and group competitions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "FIFA World Cup Founded 1930; 88 years ago (1930) Region International (FIFA) Number of teams 32 (finals) 211 (eligible to enter qualification) Related competitions FIFA Confederations Cup Current champions France (2nd title) Most successful team (s) Brazil (5 titles) Television broadcasters List of broadcasters Website fifa.com/worldcup/", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1998 FIFA World Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1998 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that was played on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis to determine the winner of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The final was contested by Brazil, who were the defending champions having won the previous FIFA World Cup four years earlier in 1994, and the host nation France, who had reached the final of the tournament for the first time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Israel", "paragraph_text": "Israeli music contains musical influences from all over the world; Sephardic music, Hasidic melodies, Belly dancing music, Greek music, jazz, and pop rock are all part of the music scene. Among Israel's world-renowned orchestras is the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, which has been in operation for over seventy years and today performs more than two hundred concerts each year. Israel has also produced many musicians of note, some achieving international stardom. Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman and Ofra Haza are among the internationally acclaimed musicians born in Israel.[citation needed] Israel has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest nearly every year since 1973, winning the competition three times and hosting it twice. Eilat has hosted its own international music festival, the Red Sea Jazz Festival, every summer since 1987.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Assyrian captivity", "paragraph_text": "In 722 BCE, nearly ten to twenty years after the initial deportations, the ruling city of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, Samaria, was finally taken by Sargon II after a three - year siege started by Shalmaneser V.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Samoa", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 World Cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations. The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "FA Cup", "paragraph_text": "The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007). For the first decade of the competition, the Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue. In the period between this first decade and the reopening of Wembley, semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England; usually the home grounds of teams not involved in that semi-final, chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel. The top three most used venues in this period were Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times), Hillsborough in Sheffield (34 times) and Old Trafford in Manchester (23 times). The original Wembley Stadium was also used seven times for semi-final, between 1991 and 2000 (the last held there), but not always for fixtures featuring London teams. In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "John C. Elliott", "paragraph_text": "John C. Elliott (January 30, 1919 – August 13, 2001) was an American politician appointed as the 39th Governor of American Samoa. Elliott was born on January 30, 1919 in Los Angeles, California. He died on April 13, 2001 in San Marino, California. He is buried at the San Gabriel Cemetery in San Gabriel, California. He took office on July 16, 1952 and left on November 23, 1952, leaving for personal reasons, and is the youngest man to ever hold the office at 33 years of age. Prior to his appointment, Elliott had served as the assistant to Governor Phelps Phelps and Secretary of American Samoa.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 158204, "question": "What competition has Samoa been featured in for nearly 30 years?", "answer": "Rugby World Cup", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 27721, "question": "In what year did France host #1 finals?", "answer": "2007", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Skin and Other Stories", "paragraph_text": "Skin and Other Stories is a collection of short stories written by Roald Dahl. It was published in 2000 by Puffin Books, a division of Penguin Putnam Books. Many these stories first appeared in the Dahl book, \"Someone Like You\", and also includes the story \"The Surgeon,\" originally published in \"Playboy\" magazine in 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Paul Terry (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Christopher James Terry (born 7 November 1985) is an English former child actor. He is best known for in starring as James in the 1996 film adaptation of Roald Dahl's James and the Giant Peach. He also starred in the four seasons of the children's sitcom Microsoap (1998 -- 2000).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Rhyme Stew", "paragraph_text": "Rhyme Stew is a collection of poems for children by Roald Dahl, illustrated by Quentin Blake. In a sense it's a more adult version of \"Revolting Rhymes\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Matilda (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Matilda is a book by British writer Roald Dahl. It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London, with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake. It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet, a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito, a two - part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda, Emerald O'Hanrahan as Miss Honey, Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry, and a 2010 musical.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Singingfish", "paragraph_text": "Singingfish was an audio/video search engine that powered audio video search for Windows Media Player, WindowsMedia.com, RealOne/RealPlayer, Real Guide, AOL Search, Dogpile, Metacrawler and Singingfish.com, among others. Launched in 2000, it was one of the earliest and longest lived search engines dedicated to multimedia content. Acquired in 2003 by AOL, it was slowly folded into the AOL search offerings and all web hits from RMC TV to Singingfish were being redirected to AOL Video and as of February 2007 Singingfish had ceased to exist as a separate service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Vicar of Nibbleswicke", "paragraph_text": "The Vicar of Nibbleswicke is a children's story written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. It was first published in London in 1991, after Dahl's death, by Century. The protagonist is a dyslexic vicar, and the book was written to benefit the Dyslexia Institute in London (now Dyslexia Action), with Dahl and Blake donating their rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety", "paragraph_text": "Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gévaudan", "paragraph_text": "Gévaudan ceased to exist after the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. The department of Lozère was created from the former county of Gévaudan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "George Samuel Measom", "paragraph_text": "Sir George Samuel Measom (3 December 1818 – 1 March 1901) was an English engraver and publisher who compiled guides to railway travel in Great Britain in the mid-19th century. In later life he became involved in charitable works, and was knighted in 1891.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Four Rooms", "paragraph_text": "Four Rooms is a 1995 American anthology comedy film co-written and co-directed by Allison Anders, Alexandre Rockwell, Robert Rodriguez, and Quentin Tarantino, each directing a segment of it that in its entirety is loosely based on the adult short fiction writings of Roald Dahl, especially \"Man from the South\" which is the basis for the last one, \"Penthouse - \"The Man from Hollywood\"\" directed by Tarantino. The story is set in the fictional Hotel Mon Signor in Los Angeles on New Year's Eve. Tim Roth plays Ted, the bellhop and main character in the frame story, whose first night on the job consists of four very different encounters with various hotel guests.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Manigachhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)", "paragraph_text": "As a consequence of the orders of the Delimitation Commission of India, Manigachhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) ceased to exist in 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Two Fables", "paragraph_text": "Two Fables is a collection of two short stories by Roald Dahl, first published in 1986 by Penguin in London and Farrar, Straus, & Giroux in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", "paragraph_text": "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "paragraph_text": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "British Railways Board", "paragraph_text": "The British Railways Board (BRB) was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that operated from 1963 to 2001. Until 1997 it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand name British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail. It did not operate railways in Northern Ireland, where railways were the responsibility of the Government of Northern Ireland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Night Digger", "paragraph_text": "The Night Digger is a 1971 British thriller film based on the novel \"Nest in a Fallen Tree\" by Joy Cowley. It was adapted by Roald Dahl and starred his then wife Patricia Neal. \"The Night Digger\" was the American title; it was originally released in the United Kingdom as The Road Builder.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me", "paragraph_text": "The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me is a 1985 children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. It is about a young boy, Billy, who meets a giraffe, pelican and monkey who work as window cleaners.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Roald Dahl bibliography", "paragraph_text": "During the Second World War Dahl was a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF) until he crashed in the Libyan desert; the subsequent injuries left him unfit to fly. He was posted to Washington as an assistant air attaché, ostensibly a diplomatic post, but which also included espionage and propaganda work. In 1942 the writer C.S. Forester asked him to provide details of his experiences in North Africa which Forester hoped to use in an article in The Saturday Evening Post. Instead of the notes which Forester expected, Dahl sent a finished story for which he was paid $900. The work led to The Gremlins, a serialised story in Cosmopolitan about a mischievous and fictional RAF creature, the gremlin; the work was published as Dahl's first novel in 1943. Dahl continued to write short stories, although these were all aimed at the adult market. They were sold to magazines and newspapers, and were later compiled into collections, the first of which was published in 1946. Dahl began to make up bedtime stories for the children, and these formed the basis of several of his stories. His first children's novel, James and the Giant Peach, was published in 1961, which was followed, along with others, by Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964), Fantastic Mr Fox (1970), Danny, the Champion of the World (1975), The BFG (1982) and Matilda in 1988.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Michelin Guide", "paragraph_text": "Michelin Guides (French: Guide Michelin (ɡid miʃ. lɛ̃)) are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide, the oldest European hotel and restaurant reference guide, which awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries, the Green Guides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Matilda the Musical", "paragraph_text": "Matilda the Musical is a stage musical based on the 1988 children's novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. It was adapted by Dennis Kelly, with music and lyrics by Tim Minchin. The musical's narrative centres on Matilda, a precocious 5 - year - old girl with the gift of telekinesis, who loves reading, overcomes obstacles caused by her family and school, and helps her teacher to reclaim her life. After a twelve - week trial run staged by the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) at Stratford - upon - Avon from November 2010 to January 2011, it received its West End premiere on 24 November 2011 at the Cambridge Theatre and its Broadway premiere on 11 April 2013 at the Shubert Theatre.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 704076, "question": "Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety >> publisher", "answer": "British Railways Board", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 119680, "question": "In which year #1 ceased to exist?", "answer": "2001", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Timeline of women's colleges in the United States", "paragraph_text": "1821: Clinton Female Seminary in Clinton, Georgia; later merged to become Georgia Female College (now Wesleyan College in Macon) chartered in 1836; the first college charted from its inception as a full college for women.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Rodney Van Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Rodney Van Johnson (born February 20, 1961 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American actor known for portraying the role of T.C. Russell on the daytime soap opera \"Passions\" since its inception in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Adidas Telstar 18", "paragraph_text": "Telstar 18 The Adidas Telstar 18. Type Ball Inception 2017 (2017) Manufacturer Adidas (Speed Sports) Available Yes Current supplier Sialkot, Pakistan (official World Cup match balls) Speed Sports Last production year 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Poptropica", "paragraph_text": "Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"Poptropica\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Fred Stillwell Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Fred Stillwell Stadium is a baseball venue located in Kennesaw, Georgia, USA. It is home to the Kennesaw State Owls of the NCAA Division I Atlantic Sun Conference. Stillwell Stadium has been home to the program since its 1984 inception. Its seating capacity is 1,200 spectators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Inception", "paragraph_text": "Inception's première was held in London on July 8, 2010; it was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters beginning on July 16, 2010. Inception grossed over US$828 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010. The home video market also had strong results, with US$68 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales. Inception opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its screenplay, visual effects, score, and ensemble cast. It won four Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Four Assassins", "paragraph_text": "Four Assassins, also known as \"Far Away Eyes\", is a 2013 action thriller starring Will Yun Lee, Miguel Ferrer, Hiro Hayama, Mercedes Renard, and Oliver Williams. Inception Media released the DVD and online versions of the film on February 18, 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Surf Excel", "paragraph_text": "Surf Excel Surf Excel logo. Inception 1948 Manufacturer Unilever Available Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India Website Surf Excel Pakistan Surf Excel Srilanka Surf Excel India", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "American Institute of Mathematics", "paragraph_text": "The American Institute of Mathematics (AIM) was founded in 1994 by John Fry, co-founder of Fry's Electronics, and located in the Fry's Electronics San Jose, California location. Privately funded by Fry at inception, in 2002, AIM became one of eight NSF-funded mathematical institutes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alexander Hvaal", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Hvaal (born 25 May 1992) is a professional rallycross driver from Larvik in Vestfold, Norway. He has raced in the European Rallycross Championship since 2012 and the World Rallycross Championship since its inception in 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pearson Education", "paragraph_text": "Pearson Education is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well for students directly. Pearson owns educational media brands including Addison–Wesley, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, eCollege, Longman, Scott Foresman, and others. Pearson is part of Pearson plc, which formerly owned the \"Financial Times\". It was created in July 1998 when Pearson plc purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison-Wesley Longman, to form Pearson Education. Pearson Education was rebranded to Pearson in 2011 and split into an International and a North American division.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ali Karume", "paragraph_text": "Ali Abeid Amani Karume (born May 24, 1950), Tanzanian Ambassador to Italy and Dean of Tanzania Ambassadors, is a Tanzanian diplomat. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president, Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party since its inception in 1977.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Top Model India", "paragraph_text": "This is the rebooted inception of MTV India's India's Next Top Model. Mahir Pandhi is the winner of this show.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "General Hospital", "paragraph_text": "General Hospital has aired on ABC Television and has been filmed in Hollywood since its inception. The show was filmed in the Sunset Gower Studios from 1963 to the mid-1980s. It relocated in the 1980s to The Prospect Studios, where it remains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Criminal Minds (season 13)", "paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of Criminal Minds was ordered on April 7, 2017, by CBS with an order of 22 episodes. The season premiered on September 27, 2017 in a new time slot at 10: 00PM on Wednesday when it had been at 9: 00PM on Wednesday since its inception.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pokémon (video game series)", "paragraph_text": "Pokémon Genres Adventure Augmented reality Fighting Puzzle Role - playing Strategy Developer (s) Ambrella Bandai Namco Entertainment Chunsoft Creatures Inc. Game Freak Genius Sonority HAL Laboratory Hudson Soft Intelligent Systems Niantic Labs Nintendo Tecmo Koei Publisher (s) Nintendo Creator (s) Satoshi Tajiri Platforms Android Arcade Game Boy Game Boy Advance Game Boy Color GameCube iOS Nintendo 3DS Nintendo 64 Nintendo DS Nintendo Switch Wii Wii U Platform of origin Game Boy Year of inception First release Pokémon Red and Blue February 27, 1996 Latest release Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon November 17, 2017", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Radu Almășan", "paragraph_text": "Radu Almășan () is a Romanian singer, most notable for his work in the band Bosquito, which he has led as the primary vocalist since its inception in 1999. He is also a founding member of the American alternative rock band Madame Hooligan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "David Scarboro", "paragraph_text": "David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 -- 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the popular British soap opera EastEnders from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "History of the World Wide Web", "paragraph_text": "World Wide Web The web's logo designed by Belgian Robert Cailliau Type Aspect of history Inventor Tim Berners - Lee Inception 1989 / 1990 Available Worldwide", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Republic Day (Nepal)", "paragraph_text": "Republic Day (Nepali: गणतन्त्र दिवस) is a special day in the history of Nepal that commemorates the inception of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on May 29, 2008. The establishment of the republic put an end to civil strife that had lasted for years.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 120751, "question": "Who released Poptropica?", "answer": "Pearson Education", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 127300, "question": "When was the inception of #1 ?", "answer": "1998", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alexander Hvaal", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Hvaal (born 25 May 1992) is a professional rallycross driver from Larvik in Vestfold, Norway. He has raced in the European Rallycross Championship since 2012 and the World Rallycross Championship since its inception in 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "GNU Guix", "paragraph_text": "\"Guix System Distribution\" (abbreviated \"GuixSD\") is a Linux distribution built around the GNU Guix package manager. It enables a declarative operating system configuration and allows reliable system upgrades that can easily be rolled back. It uses the Linux-libre kernel, with support for the GNU Hurd kernel under development. On February 3, 2015, the distribution was added to the Free Software Foundation's list of free Linux distributions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Pearson Education", "paragraph_text": "Pearson Education is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well for students directly. Pearson owns educational media brands including Addison–Wesley, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, eCollege, Longman, Scott Foresman, and others. Pearson is part of Pearson plc, which formerly owned the \"Financial Times\". It was created in July 1998 when Pearson plc purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison-Wesley Longman, to form Pearson Education. Pearson Education was rebranded to Pearson in 2011 and split into an International and a North American division.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "General Hospital", "paragraph_text": "General Hospital has aired on ABC Television and has been filmed in Hollywood since its inception. The show was filmed in the Sunset Gower Studios from 1963 to the mid-1980s. It relocated in the 1980s to The Prospect Studios, where it remains.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Republic Day (Nepal)", "paragraph_text": "Republic Day (Nepali: गणतन्त्र दिवस) is a special day in the history of Nepal that commemorates the inception of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on May 29, 2008. The establishment of the republic put an end to civil strife that had lasted for years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Galápagos Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos, Spanish pronunciation: (las ˈiɦla ɣaˈlapaɣo)), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, 906 km (563 mi) west of continental Ecuador. The islands are known for their vast number of endemic species and were studied by Charles Darwin during the second voyage of HMS Beagle, as his observations and collections contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Radu Almășan", "paragraph_text": "Radu Almășan () is a Romanian singer, most notable for his work in the band Bosquito, which he has led as the primary vocalist since its inception in 1999. He is also a founding member of the American alternative rock band Madame Hooligan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rodney Van Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Rodney Van Johnson (born February 20, 1961 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American actor known for portraying the role of T.C. Russell on the daytime soap opera \"Passions\" since its inception in 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Criminal Minds (season 13)", "paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of Criminal Minds was ordered on April 7, 2017, by CBS with an order of 22 episodes. The season premiered on September 27, 2017 in a new time slot at 10: 00PM on Wednesday when it had been at 9: 00PM on Wednesday since its inception.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Fred Stillwell Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Fred Stillwell Stadium is a baseball venue located in Kennesaw, Georgia, USA. It is home to the Kennesaw State Owls of the NCAA Division I Atlantic Sun Conference. Stillwell Stadium has been home to the program since its 1984 inception. Its seating capacity is 1,200 spectators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Northern Powergrid", "paragraph_text": "Northern Powergrid Holdings Company (formerly CE Electric UK Funding Company) is an electrical distribution company based in Newcastle Upon Tyne in England. It is the owner of Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited (formerly Northern Electric Distribution Limited (NEDL)) and Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc (formerly Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc (YEDL)) which are the Distribution Network Operators for the North East England and Yorkshire regions and the North Lincolnshire area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Helensburgh Tigers", "paragraph_text": "The Helensburgh Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team based in Helensburgh, a country town of the Illawarra region. The club are a part of Country Rugby League and has competed in the Illawarra Rugby League premiership since its inception in 1911.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Four Assassins", "paragraph_text": "Four Assassins, also known as \"Far Away Eyes\", is a 2013 action thriller starring Will Yun Lee, Miguel Ferrer, Hiro Hayama, Mercedes Renard, and Oliver Williams. Inception Media released the DVD and online versions of the film on February 18, 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Top Model India", "paragraph_text": "This is the rebooted inception of MTV India's India's Next Top Model. Mahir Pandhi is the winner of this show.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Inception", "paragraph_text": "Inception's première was held in London on July 8, 2010; it was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters beginning on July 16, 2010. Inception grossed over US$828 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010. The home video market also had strong results, with US$68 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales. Inception opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its screenplay, visual effects, score, and ensemble cast. It won four Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Global Storage Architecture", "paragraph_text": "GSA (Global Storage Architecture) is a distributed file system created by IBM to replace the Andrew File System and the DCE Distributed File System.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Poptropica", "paragraph_text": "Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"Poptropica\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "History of the World Wide Web", "paragraph_text": "World Wide Web The web's logo designed by Belgian Robert Cailliau Type Aspect of history Inventor Tim Berners - Lee Inception 1989 / 1990 Available Worldwide", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Adidas Telstar 18", "paragraph_text": "Telstar 18 The Adidas Telstar 18. Type Ball Inception 2017 (2017) Manufacturer Adidas (Speed Sports) Available Yes Current supplier Sialkot, Pakistan (official World Cup match balls) Speed Sports Last production year 2018", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Timeline of women's colleges in the United States", "paragraph_text": "1821: Clinton Female Seminary in Clinton, Georgia; later merged to become Georgia Female College (now Wesleyan College in Macon) chartered in 1836; the first college charted from its inception as a full college for women.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 188536, "question": "Poptropica >> distributed by", "answer": "Pearson Education", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 127300, "question": "When was the inception of #1 ?", "answer": "1998", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Colorado River", "paragraph_text": "Colorado River The Colorado River at Horseshoe Bend, Arizona, a few miles below Glen Canyon Dam Countries United States, Mexico States Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California, Baja California, Sonora Tributaries - left Fraser River, Blue River, Eagle River, Roaring Fork River, Gunnison River, Dolores River, San Juan River, Little Colorado River, Bill Williams River, Gila River - right Green River, Dirty Devil River, Escalante River, Kanab River, Virgin River, Hardy River Cities Glenwood Springs, CO, Grand Junction, CO, Moab, UT, Page, AZ, Bullhead City, AZ, Lake Havasu City, AZ, Yuma, AZ, San Luis Rio Colorado, SON Source La Poudre Pass - location Rocky Mountains, Colorado, United States - elevation 10,184 ft (3,104 m) - coordinates 40 ° 28 ′ 20 ''N 105 ° 49 ′ 34'' W  /  40.47222 ° N 105.82611 ° W  / 40.47222; - 105.82611 Mouth Gulf of California - location Colorado River Delta, Baja California -- Sonora, Mexico - elevation 0 ft (0 m) - coordinates 31 ° 54 ′ 00 ''N 114 ° 57 ′ 03'' W  /  31.90000 ° N 114.95083 ° W  / 31.90000; - 114.95083 Coordinates: 31 ° 54 ′ 00 ''N 114 ° 57 ′ 03'' W  /  31.90000 ° N 114.95083 ° W  / 31.90000; - 114.95083 Length 1,450 mi (2,334 km) Basin 246,000 sq mi (637,137 km) Discharge for mouth (average virgin flow), max and min at Topock, AZ, 300 mi (480 km) from the mouth - average 22,500 cu ft / s (637 m / s) - max 384,000 cu ft / s (10,900 m / s) - min 422 cu ft / s (12 m / s) Map of the Colorado River basin Wikimedia Commons: Colorado River", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Water in California", "paragraph_text": "The Colorado River originates more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from California in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming and forms the state's southeastern border in the Mojave Desert. Unlike the other California watersheds, essentially all of the water flowing in the Colorado originates outside the state. The Colorado is a critical source of irrigation and urban water for southern California, providing between 55 and 65 percent of the total supply.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California, choose to simplify matters by dividing the state along the lines where their jurisdictions for membership apply, as either northern or southern California, in contrast to the three-region point of view. Another influence is the geographical phrase South of the Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range, but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region due to their remoteness from the central valley and interior desert landscape.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "30th parallel north", "paragraph_text": "It is the approximate southern border of the horse latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, meaning that much of the land area touching the 30th parallel is arid or semi-arid. If there is a source of wind from a body of water the area would more likely be subtropical.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ben Ripley", "paragraph_text": "Ben Ripley is an American screenwriter best known for writing the science-fiction thriller \"Source Code\" directed by Duncan Jones. Ripley is a graduate of Stanford University and the University of Southern California's USC School of Cinema-Television.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gravel & Wine", "paragraph_text": "Gravel & Wine is the second album from New Zealand pop singer Gin Wigmore, released in New Zealand on 7 November 2011. The album was recorded in Santa Monica, California during the second quarter of 2011 under producer Butch Walker and counting with his backing band, The Black Widows. Before production begun, Wigmore travelled for two months in Mississippi and Alabama to get a Southern United States inspiration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Grape", "paragraph_text": "There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Water resources", "paragraph_text": "Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water. The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis. Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination. It is usually only economically practical for high-valued uses (such as household and industrial uses) in arid areas. However, there is growth in desalination for agricultural use, and highly populated areas such as Singapore or California. The most extensive use is in the Persian Gulf.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Banderas River", "paragraph_text": "Banderas River () is a river located in the southern part of the Ahuachapán Department of El Salvador. Precipitations along the river are suitable for municipal water, irrigation, and water wells.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Miami", "paragraph_text": "Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Owens River Gorge", "paragraph_text": "The Owens River Gorge is a steep 10 mi (16 km) canyon on the upper Owens River in eastern California in the United States. The canyon is located at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada mountains in southern Mono County, along the stretch of the river where it exits the Long Valley near its source and enters the north end of Owens Valley. The gorge is a popular destination for rock climbing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Doheny State Beach", "paragraph_text": "Doheny State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, USA, located on the Pacific Ocean in the city of Dana Point. The beach is a popular surf spot located at the mouth of San Juan Creek, which flows from the Santa Ana Mountains southwest to the beach, where it forms a fresh-water lagoon. It is also one of the most polluted beaches in Southern California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Water in California", "paragraph_text": "Rivers of the Lahontan watersheds in eastern California are part of the high desert Great Basin and do not drain to the Pacific. Most of the water is used locally in eastern California and western Nevada for irrigation. The Owens River of the South Lahontan region, however, is a principal source of water for Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "\"Southern California\" is not a formal geographic designation, and definitions of what constitutes southern California vary. Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term. When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term \"southern California\" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state. This definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Grape", "paragraph_text": "There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.An offset to the improved eating quality of seedlessness is the loss of potential health benefits provided by the enriched phytochemical content of grape seeds (see Health claims, below).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Santa Monica, California", "paragraph_text": "Santa Monica is one of the most environmentally activist municipalities in the nation. The city first proposed its Sustainable City Plan in 1992 and in 1994, was one of the first cities in the nation to formally adopt a comprehensive sustainability plan, setting waste reduction and water conservation policies for both public and private sector through its Office of Sustainability and the Environment. Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles now run on alternative fuels, including nearly 100% of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest such fleets in the country. Santa Monica fleet vehicles and Buses now source their natural gas from Redeem, a Southern California-based supplier of renewable and sustainable natural gas obtained from non-fracked methane biogas generated from organic landfill waste.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Humaya River", "paragraph_text": "The Humaya River is a river in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, that connects to the Tamazula River in the city of Culiacán to form the Culiacán River. The source of the river is the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. The water flows from the north of the city. The water then flows to the Pacific Ocean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Friant Dam", "paragraph_text": "Friant Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the San Joaquin River in central California in the United States, on the boundary of Fresno and Madera Counties. It was built between 1937 and 1942 as part of a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) water project to provide irrigation water to the southern San Joaquin Valley. The dam impounds Millerton Lake, a reservoir about north of Fresno.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yorkend Lake (Ontario)", "paragraph_text": "Yorkend Lake is a lake in Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada in the southern extension of Algonquin Park and is the source of the York River.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Central Valley Project", "paragraph_text": "The Central Valley Project (CVP) is a federal water management project in the U.S. state of California under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). It was devised in 1933 in order to provide irrigation and municipal water to much of California's Central Valley -- by regulating and storing water in reservoirs in the water - rich northern half of the state, and transporting it to the water - poor San Joaquin Valley and its surroundings by means of a series of canals, aqueducts and pump plants, some shared with the California State Water Project (SWP). Many CVP water users are represented by the Central Valley Project Water Association.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 88376, "question": "where does southern california get most of its water", "answer": "The Colorado River", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 84230, "question": "what is the source of #1", "answer": "La Poudre Pass", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Samuel van Houten", "paragraph_text": "Van Houten was born in Groningen into a wealthy Mennonite family. His parents were Derk van Houten, a timber merchant and local politician, and his wife Barbara Elizabeth Meihuizen. After attending a Latin school from 1849 to 1854, he studied Law at the University of Groningen, obtaining a degree in 1859. He then worked as a lawyer. He quickly became involved in the city's politics, getting elected to the municipal council in 1864 and becoming one of the city's aldermen in 1867. About this time Van Houten left the Mennonite Church and became an agnostic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Jackalyne Pfannenstiel", "paragraph_text": "Jackalyne Pfannenstiel was educated at Clark University, receiving a B.A. in Economics. She then attended the University of Hartford, receiving an M.A. in Economics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "George Watts Hill", "paragraph_text": "Born in New York City, the son of John Sprunt Hill and Annie Louise Watts, George Watts Hill grew up in Durham and attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he earned a Bachelor of Science in Commerce in 1922 and law degree in 1924. At UNC he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He married Ann Austin McCulloch on September 30, 1924. Following a ten-month honeymoon around the world, the couple made their home in Harwood Hall, the mansion that his grandfather, George Washington Watts, had built.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gwen Harwood", "paragraph_text": "Gwen Harwood AO (8 June 19204 December 1995), née Gwendoline Nessie Foster, was an Australian poet and librettist. Gwen Harwood is regarded as one of Australia's finest poets, publishing over 420 works, including 386 poems and 13 librettos. She won numerous poetry awards and prizes, and one of Australia's most significant poetry prizes, the Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize is named for her. Her work is commonly studied in schools and university courses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Gavrik Losey", "paragraph_text": "Gavrik was born in New York, the son of film director Joseph Losey and fashion designer Elizabeth Hawes. He attended the Little Red SchoolHouse in Manhattan, Poughkeepsie Day School in Poughkeepsie, and high school in New Jersey. After graduating, he travelled with his blacklisted father to England where he attended University College London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Harwood Township, Champaign County, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Harwood Township is a township in Champaign County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 623 and it contained 282 housing units.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Elizabeth Lochley", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Lochley is a lead fictional character from the universe of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\" and \"Crusade\", played by Tracy Scoggins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In the US, a prominent form of racial preferences relates to access to education, particularly admission to universities and other forms of higher education. Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are sometimes taken into account when the university assesses an applicant's grades and test scores. Individuals can also be awarded scholarships and have fees paid on the basis of criteria listed above. In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled in Bakke v. Regents that public universities (and other government institutions) could not set specific numerical targets based on race for admissions or employment. The Court said that \"goals\" and \"timetables\" for diversity could be set instead.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Marli Harwood", "paragraph_text": "Marli Harwood (born Marilena Buck, Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England), also known as Marli Buck, is a British singer and songwriter. A piano and guitar player, she is of Eritrean, Italian, Welsh and English extraction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Elizabeth Brumfiel", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth M. Brumfiel (born Elizabeth Stern; March 10, 1945 – January 1, 2012) was an American archaeologist who taught at Northwestern University and Albion College. She had been a president of the American Anthropological Association.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Rex Cherryman", "paragraph_text": "Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Rex Cherryman attended Colgate University, (Hamilton, New York) in 1915-1916. He transferred to the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) in 1916. There he met fellow student Esther Louise Lamb. Esther and Rex were married February 9, 1918. They had one son, Rexford Raymond Cherryman, Jr., born October 10, 1925. Rexford, Jr. married Beatrice Wishard in 1950. They had two daughters: Ann Elizabeth Cherryman (born 1951) and Constance Lamb Cherryman (born 1954).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kelvin Hopkins", "paragraph_text": "Kelvin Hopkins was born in Leicester, son of physicist Harold Hopkins FRS. He was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys, Barnet, north London; he then attended the University of Nottingham where he was awarded a BA degree in Politics, Economics and Mathematics with Statistics. Between 1958 and 1963, he was a \"semi-professional\" jazz musician, playing tenor saxophone and clarinet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Lawrence Heyworth Mills", "paragraph_text": "Mills was born in New York City to Philo L. Mills and Elizabeth Caroline Kane and attended school in Fairfax County, Virginia and in New York at New York University and finally moved to Oxford in 1887.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Elizabeth Harwood", "paragraph_text": "Janet Baker said this about Harwood: \"Elizabeth was the most beloved of my colleagues, a beautiful person in every way. Her art lit up the stage.\" The Elizabeth Harwood Memorial Award for Singers is given every year by the Royal Northern College of Music.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Harwood Greenhalgh", "paragraph_text": "Ernest Harwood Greenhalgh (6 March 1849 - 11 July 1922) was an English footballer who played for England as a full back in the first international match against Scotland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Differences (journal)", "paragraph_text": "Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies (stylized \"difference\"s\"\") is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1989 by Naomi Schor and Elizabeth Weed. It covers research in cultural studies. The current editors-in-chief are Elizabeth Weed and Ellen Rooney. The journal, though autonomous, is housed by the Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women (Brown University). It was originally published by Indiana University Press, but since 2003 (volume 14) it has been published by Duke University Press.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Cornelius Darragh", "paragraph_text": "Cornelius Darragh was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of John Darragh, Jr. and Margaret \"Peggy\" Calhoun, one of six children. He attended the Western University of Pennsylvania, and graduated with the class of 1826. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1829 and commenced practice in Pittsburgh. In 1830, he married Mary Holmes Simpson. They had two daughters, Margaret Calhoun and Elizabeth Simpson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lancashire", "paragraph_text": "More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dallas Hilton", "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Hilton, also known as Hilton Hotel and today operating as the Dallas Hotel Indigo, is a historic structure located at the corner of Main Street and S. Harwood Street in downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). The hotel is a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District and Main Street District. It is also located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 122993, "question": "What university did Elizabeth Harwood attend?", "answer": "Royal Northern College of Music", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 12945, "question": "When was #1 formed?", "answer": "1972", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ho Chi Minh City", "paragraph_text": "Ho Chi Minh City Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Saigon or Sài Gòn Municipality Thành phố trực thuộc trung ương Clockwise, from left to right: Bến Thành Market, Ho Chi Minh City Hall, District 1 view from Saigon river, Municipal Theatre, Notre - Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon, Independence Palace Seal Nickname (s): Pearl of the Far East Location in Vietnam and Southern Vietnam Coordinates: 10 ° 46 ′ 36.8 ''N 106 ° 42 ′ 02.9'' E  /  10.776889 ° N 106.700806 ° E  / 10.776889; 106.700806 Coordinates: 10 ° 46 ′ 36.8 ''N 106 ° 42 ′ 02.9'' E  /  10.776889 ° N 106.700806 ° E  / 10.776889; 106.700806 Country Vietnam Central district District 1 Founded as Gia Định 1698 Renamed to Ho Chi Minh City 1976 Founded by Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh Divisions 19 Urban districts, 5 Suburban districts Government Type Special - class Secretary of Communist Party Nguyễn Thiện Nhân Chairman of People's Committee Nguyễn Thành Phong Chairman of People's Council Nguyễn Thị Quyết Tâm Area Total 2,096.56 km (809.23 sq mi) Elevation 19 m (63 ft) Population (2016) Total 8,426,100 Rank 1st Density 4,000 / km (10,000 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) (2015 estimate) Total US $127.8 billion Per capita US $15,977 GRDP (nominal) (2016) Total US $45.73 billion Per capita US $5,428 Time zone ICT (UTC + 07: 00) Area codes 8 (until 16 Jul 2017) 28 (from 17 Jun 2017) Website hochiminhcity.gov.vn", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – 25 miles", "paragraph_text": "The 25 miles was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only time this event was held at the Olympics. 10 cyclists, all from the United States, competed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "FA Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "After the 1873 final was held at Lillie Bridge, the event was held at the Oval until 1892. The 1893 and 1894 finals were respectively held at Fallowfield Stadium in Manchester and Goodison Park in Liverpool, before the event returned to London in 1895, being held at Crystal Palace until the outbreak of World War I. After the war, the event was held at Stamford Bridge, before Wembley Stadium opened in 1923. The first final at Wembley, in which Bolton Wanderers beat West Ham United 2 -- 0, had an official attendance of 126,047, although the actual figure is believed to be as much as 300,000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres team race", "paragraph_text": "The men's 3000 metres team race was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of a team race style event, though the first to be held at the distance of 3000 metres, which became the standard until the event was eliminated following the 1924 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Friday, July 12, 1912 and on Saturday, July 13, 1912.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Eastport, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The events were scheduled to take place between 18 and 25 February 2018. A total of three bobsleigh events were held.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Team eventing", "paragraph_text": "The team eventing was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. The event was held from 16 October to 19 October, and consisted merely of summing the scores of the team's top 3 (out of 4) horse and rider pairs in the individual eventing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping", "paragraph_text": "The individual jumping was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had first been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre", "paragraph_text": "The men's sabre was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dengue fever", "paragraph_text": "International Anti-Dengue Day is observed every year on 15 June. The idea was first agreed upon in 2010 with the first event held in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2011. Further events were held in 2012 in Yangon, Myanmar and in 2013 in Vietnam. Goals are to increase public awareness about dengue, mobilize resources for its prevention and control and, to demonstrate the Asian region's commitment in tackling the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's 1 mile freestyle", "paragraph_text": "The men's 1 mile freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event was held at such a distance at the Olympics and the only time the mile was used; later incarnations of the event used 1500 metres as the distance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Floyd James Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Floyd James ``Jim ''Thompson (July 8, 1933 -- July 16, 2002) was a United States Army colonel. He was the longest held American prisoner of war in U.S. history, spending nearly nine years in captivity in the jungle camps and mountains of South Vietnam and Laos, and in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Torch Lake Township is a civil township of Antrim County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 1,194.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 3826, "question": "Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?", "answer": "Ho Chi Minh City.", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 78497, "question": "what is the population of #1", "answer": "8,426,100", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Estadio de La Condomina", "paragraph_text": "La Condomina is a multi-use stadium in Murcia, Spain. The stadium holds 6,500 spectators and it is currently used mostly for football matches and music concerts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert", "paragraph_text": "Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert is a CD and DVD music compilation of songs performed by American singer / songwriter Billy Joel during two concerts at Shea Stadium in New York City on July 16 and 18 of 2008. It was released on March 8, 2011. The film was produced by Jon Small, Joel's former bandmate in the 1960s groups The Hassles and Attila.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "SEC Championship Game", "paragraph_text": "The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016, the game has been played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the Georgia Dome's replacement, Mercedes - Benz Stadium. The game will be played at the new stadium through 2027.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Yankee Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Yankee Stadium is a stadium located in the Concourse section of the Bronx, a borough of New York City. It serves as the home ballpark for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). The $2.3 billion stadium, built with $1.2 billion in public subsidies, replaced the original Yankee Stadium in 2009. It is located one block north of the original, on the 24 - acre former site of Macombs Dam Park; the 8 - acre site of the original stadium is now a public park called Heritage Field. The stadium incorporates replicas of some design elements from the original Yankee Stadium, and like its predecessor, it has hosted additional events, including college football games, soccer matches, two outdoor NHL games, and concerts. Although Yankee Stadium's construction began in August 2006, the project spanned many years and faced many controversies, including the high public cost and the loss of public parkland. The overall price tag makes the new Yankee Stadium the most expensive stadium ever built. It is also the home park for New York City FC of Major League Soccer (MLS).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Rutgers Stadium (1938)", "paragraph_text": "Rutgers Stadium was a stadium in Piscataway Township, New Jersey. It hosted the Rutgers University Scarlet Knights football team until the school moved to the current Rutgers Stadium in 1994. The stadium held 31,219 people at its peak and was opened in 1938. It also hosted the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship on five different occasions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Live Earth concert, Antarctica", "paragraph_text": "The Live Earth concert in Antarctica was held at Rothera Research Station, one in a series of Live Earth concerts that took place on July 7, 2007, in all seven continents. The band Nunatak performed as the lone act. Nunatak's performances, though performed in front of only 17 people, were broadcast all over the world. It was the first rock concert ever performed in Antarctica.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Queen (band)", "paragraph_text": "Under the supervision of May and Taylor, numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen's lengthy audio and video catalogue. DVD releases of their 1986 Wembley concert (titled Live at Wembley Stadium), 1982 Milton Keynes concert (Queen on Fire – Live at the Bowl), and two Greatest Video Hits (Volumes 1 and 2, spanning the 1970s and 1980s) have seen the band's music remixed into 5.1 and DTS surround sound. So far, only two of the band's albums, A Night at the Opera and The Game, have been fully remixed into high-resolution multichannel surround on DVD-Audio. A Night at the Opera was re-released with some revised 5.1 mixes and accompanying videos in 2005 for the 30th anniversary of the album's original release (CD+DVD-Video set). In 2007, a Blu-ray edition of Queen's previously released concerts, Queen Rock Montreal & Live Aid, was released, marking their first project in 1080p HD.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Elton John: Tantrums & Tiaras", "paragraph_text": "Tantrums & Tiaras is a 1997 documentary film about the musician Sir Elton John, directed by his husband, David Furnish. It was recorded during John's Made in England Tour in 1995 and includes parts of interviews and concerts. Included in the documentary is a large part of a concert John performed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in November 1995. In 1998, the documentary won a Chris Award at the Columbus Film and Video Festival. It was also re-released on DVD in November 2008 as a \"Director's Cut\" with extra material.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Yankee Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The stadium incorporates replicas of some design elements from the original Yankee Stadium, and like its predecessor, it has hosted additional events, including college football games, soccer matches, two outdoor NHL games, and concerts. Although Yankee Stadium's construction began in August 2006, the project spanned many years and faced many controversies, including the high public cost and the loss of public parkland. The overall price tag makes the new Yankee Stadium the most expensive stadium ever built.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Queen (band)", "paragraph_text": "In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "One Night in Eden", "paragraph_text": "One Night in Eden is a live concert recording by Sarah Brightman, inspired by her \"Eden\" album. The premiere concert held in Johannesburg, South Africa was recorded in 1999 and has been released on DVD and VHS.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nissan Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Nissan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, owned by the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. It is primarily used for football and is the home field of the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) and the Tennessee State Tigers of Tennessee State University. The stadium is also the site of the Franklin American Mortgage Music City Bowl, a postseason college football bowl game played each December, and is occasionally used as a venue for soccer matches. Nissan Stadium is used for large concerts, such as the CMA Music Festival nightly concerts which take place for four days every June. Facilities are included to enable the stadium to host other public events, meetings, parties, and gatherings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Cowboy Rides Away: Live from AT&T Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Cowboy Rides Away: Live from AT&T Stadium is a live album released by George Strait in 2014. The title refers to the fact that this concert was the final performance of his final tour \"The Cowboy Rides Away Tour\" on June 7, 2014 in Arlington, Texas. 104,793 people were in attendance, the largest ever single-show attendance at a U.S. stadium. An all-star lineup joined Strait on stage. The DVD of the concert was released on November 11. The show was recorded on Remote Recording's Silver Truck by Chuck Ainlay and David Hewitt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Eric Clapton", "paragraph_text": "On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Queen (band)", "paragraph_text": "In February 1981, Queen travelled to South America as part of The Game Tour, and became the first major rock band to play in Latin American stadiums. The tour included five shows in Argentina, one of which drew the largest single concert crowd in Argentine history with an audience of 300,000 in Buenos Aires and two concerts at the Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, where they played to an audience of more than 131,000 people in the first night (then the largest paying audience for a single band anywhere in the world) and more than 120,000 people the following night. In October of the same year, Queen performed for more than 150,000 fans on 9 October at Monterrey (Estadio Universitario) and 17 and 18 at Puebla (Estadio Zaragoza), Mexico. On 24 and 25 November, Queen played two sell out nights at the Montreal Forum, Quebec, Canada. One of Mercury's most notable performances of The Game's final track, \"Save Me\", took place in Montreal, and the concert is recorded in the live album, Queen Rock Montreal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Canadian Open (tennis)", "paragraph_text": "The events alternate from year to year between the cities of Montreal and Toronto. Since 1980 in odd - numbered years the men's tournament is held in Montreal, while the women's tournament is held in Toronto, and vice versa in even - numbered years. Before 2011, they were held during separate weeks in the July -- August period, now the two competitions are held during the same week in August. The Toronto tournament is held at the Aviva Centre and the Montreal tournament is held at the IGA Stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Live Aid", "paragraph_text": "Live Aid was a dual-venue benefit concert held on Saturday 13 July 1985, and an ongoing music-based fundraising initiative. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine. Billed as the \"global jukebox\", the event was held simultaneously at Wembley Stadium in London, England, United Kingdom (attended by 72,000 people) and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States (attended by about 100,000 people).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "KCOM Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The bowl-shaped stadium contains a continuous single tier of seats with a second tier on the west side. Its current capacity is 25,400. The stadium hosts two tenants, association football club Hull City A.F.C., which moved there from Boothferry Park, and rugby league football club Hull FC, relocated from the Boulevard. It is also the 2nd largest rugby league stadium in England. The ground also hosts international association football and rugby league football competitions and acts as a venue for concerts by musical artists, such as Elton John and The Who.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Jimmy Page", "paragraph_text": "On 10 December 2007, the surviving members of Led Zeppelin, as well as John Bonham's son, Jason Bonham played a charity concert at the O2 Arena London. According to Guinness World Records 2009, Led Zeppelin set the world record for the \"Highest Demand for Tickets for One Music Concert\" as 20 million requests for the reunion show were rendered online. On 7 June 2008, Page and John Paul Jones appeared with the Foo Fighters to close the band's concert at Wembley Stadium, performing \"Rock and Roll\" and \"Ramble On\". For the 2008 Summer Olympics, Page, David Beckham and Leona Lewis represented Britain during the closing ceremonies on 24 August 2008. Beckham rode a double-decker bus into the stadium, and Page and Lewis performed \"Whole Lotta Love\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Norah Michener", "paragraph_text": "Norah Willis Michener (1902 – January 12, 1987) was the wife of Roland Michener, the 20th Governor General of Canada. As the spouse of a Governor General, she held the title of Chatelaine of Rideau Hall.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 159330, "question": "What are two concerts that have been held at the stadium?", "answer": "Elton John and The Who", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 466510, "question": "#1 >> spouse", "answer": "David Furnish", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Norbert Vesak", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Vesak (October 22, 1936 – October 2, 1990), one of Canada's leading choreographers in the 1970s, was a ballet dancer, choreographer, theatrical director, master teacher, dance columnist, lecturer, and opera ballet director, known for his unique, flamboyant style and his multimedia approach to classical and contemporary choreography. He is credited with helping to bring modern dance to Western Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Dog", "paragraph_text": "The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is \"Bluey\", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Norbert Lossau", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Lossau (born 20 June 1962) is a German librarian. He has been the Director of the Göttingen State and University Library in Göttingen from 2006 to 2013. Since 2013 he is Vice President of the University of Göttingen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "École/Collège régional Gabrielle-Roy", "paragraph_text": "École/Collège régional Gabrielle-Roy, built in 1984, is a French-language high school in Île-des-Chênes, Manitoba, Canada. It gathers students from the communities of Île-des-Chênes, Lorette, St. Norbert, La Salle, St. Adolphe, Ste. Agathe, Dufresne, Niverville, Grande Pointe and Ste. Genevieve. The E/CRGR forces itself to be the prolongation of the Franco-Manitoban family by making French language first, therefore immersing the students in their culture and making it an active part of their daily lives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Norbert Frýd", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Frýd (born Norbert Fried) (21 April 1913 – 18 March 1976) was a Czech writer, journalist and diplomat. He is known mainly for his autobiographical novel \"Krabice živých\" (A Box of Lives, 1956), in which he describes his experiences in Nazi concentration camps. During World War II, he was imprisoned in the Theresienstadt, Auschwitz and Dachau-Kaufering concentration camps.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Helfert Nunatak", "paragraph_text": "Helfert Nunatak () is a prominent rock nunatak standing west of Mount Sharp of the Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered and visited by the Marie Byrd Land Traverse party, 1957–58, under C.R. Bentley, and named for Norbert F. Helfert, a meteorologist at Byrd Station in 1957.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Norbert Pfretzschner", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Pfretzschner (1 September 1850, Kufstein - 28 December 1927, Lana an der Etsch) was an Austrian sculptor and author of books on hunting.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Norbert-Bertrand Barbe", "paragraph_text": "Norbert-Bertrand Barbe is a French art historian, semiologist, artist and writer. He was born in 1968 and has a master's degree in art history (Université Paris X, 1991) and a Ph.d. in Comparative Literature (Université d'Orléans, 1996). He is an Honorary Member of the Nicaraguan Academy of Language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Lana, South Tyrol", "paragraph_text": "Lana (; ) is a \"comune\" (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy. It is situated in the Etschtal (Etsch Valley) between Bolzano and Merano and at the entrance to the Ultental. The population rose to 11,206 in 2010.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Cadwallader Blayney, 10th Baron Blayney", "paragraph_text": "Cadwallader Blayney, 10th Baron Blayney (1769 – 2 April 1784) became a lord in 1775, and lived on the family estate in Castleblayney, Ireland. He died in 1784.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Fourth power", "paragraph_text": "In arithmetic and algebra, the fourth power of a number n is the result of multiplying four instances of n together. So:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "City of New Orleans (song)", "paragraph_text": "``City of New Orleans ''Single by Steve Goodman from the album Steve Goodman B - side`` Would You Like to Learn to Dance?'' Released 1971 Format 7 ''Recorded 1971 Genre Folk Length 3: 52 Label Buddah Songwriter (s) Steve Goodman Producer (s) Kris Kristofferson, Norbert Putnam", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Norbert Dumas", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Dumas (October 22, 1812 – April 19, 1869) was a lawyer and political figure in Canada East. He represented Leinster in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1848 to 1851.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of Bloodline episodes", "paragraph_text": "Bloodline is an American Netflix original thriller -- drama television series created by Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler, and Daniel Zelman. The series stars Kyle Chandler, Ben Mendelsohn, Linda Cardellini, Norbert Leo Butz, Sam Shepard, and Sissy Spacek among the main cast, and it focuses on the lives of the Rayburn family, which owns and runs an oceanfront hotel in the Florida Keys. The first 13 - episode season premiered on Netflix, on March 20, 2015. The second season, comprising 10 episodes, was released on May 27, 2016. On July 13, 2016, the series was renewed for a 10 - episode third season, later confirmed to be the final season. The third and final season was released on May 26, 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Norbert Guterman", "paragraph_text": "Norbert Guterman (1900–1984) was a scholar, and translator of scholarly and literary works from French, Polish and Latin into English. His translations were remarkable for their range of subject matter and high quality.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Infinite monkey theorem", "paragraph_text": "In this context, ``almost surely ''is a mathematical term with a precise meaning, and the`` monkey'' is not an actual monkey, but a metaphor for an abstract device that produces an endless random sequence of letters and symbols. One of the earliest instances of the use of the ``monkey metaphor ''is that of French mathematician Émile Borel in 1913, but the first instance may have been even earlier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Computational complexity theory", "paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Richard Sapir", "paragraph_text": "Richard Sapir was a graduate of Columbia University and lived with his wife in New Hampshire before he died in 1987 from a heart attack.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Raymond Abescat", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Abescat (September 10, 1891 in Paris – August 25, 2001 in Rueil-Malmaison) was one of the last surviving veterans of World War I in France, its oldest living man and its oldest living veteran when he died aged 109 years, 349 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Down Twisted", "paragraph_text": "Down Twisted is a 1987 thriller film, directed by Albert Pyun, starring Carey Lowell, Charles Rocket, Courteney Cox, Norbert Weisser, Linda Kerridge, Trudy Dotchterman and Nicholas Guest.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 147332, "question": "Where did Norbert Pfretzschner live when he died?", "answer": "Lana", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 797858, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "comune", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "Comune" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "José Luís Mena Barreto (1817–79)", "paragraph_text": "José Luís Mena Barreto (24 October 1817 – 10 October 1879) was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. He came from a wealthy family with a tradition of military service. José Luís entered the army in 1836, during the Ragamuffin War, a secessionist rebellion. The conflict lasted for almost ten years, and he fought in several military engagements at that time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Colombian conflict", "paragraph_text": "The Colombian conflict began in the mid-1960s and is a low - intensity asymmetric war between Colombian governments, paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, and far - left guerrillas such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the National Liberation Army (ELN), fighting each other to increase their influence in Colombian territory. Two of the most important international actors that have contributed to the Colombian conflict are multinational companies and the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders.\" The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "H. L. Hunley (submarine)", "paragraph_text": "H.L. Hunley, often referred to as Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. Hunley demonstrated the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship (USS Housatonic), although Hunley was not completely submerged and, following her successful attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. The Confederacy lost 21 crewmen in three sinkings of Hunley during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "Establishes the name of the confederation with these words: ``The stile of this confederacy shall be 'The United States of America.' ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the \"United States Army\" in 1796.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "San Vicente de Chucurí", "paragraph_text": "San Vicente de Chucurí is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. Famous for its cocoa and beautiful women, San Vicente was embroiled in the armed conflict of the 1980s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, an obsolete term for the Swiss, which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätten cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The name originates as an exonym, applied pars pro toto to the troops of the Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for \"Confederates\", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "King William's War", "paragraph_text": "In North America, there was significant tension between New France and the northern English colonies, which had in 1686 been united in the Dominion of New England. New England and the Iroquois Confederacy fought New France and the Wabanaki Confederacy. The Iroquois dominated the economically important Great Lakes fur trade and had been in conflict with New France since 1680. At the urging of New England, the Iroquois interrupted the trade between New France and the western tribes. In retaliation, New France raided Seneca lands of western New York. In turn, New England supported the Iroquois in attacking New France, which they did by raiding Lachine.There were similar tensions on the border between New England and Acadia, which New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine. English settlers from Massachusetts (whose charter included the Maine area) had expanded their settlements into Acadia. To secure New France's claim to present-day Maine, New France established Catholic missions among the three largest native villages in the region: one on the Kennebec River (Norridgewock); one further north on the Penobscot River (Penobscot) and one on the Saint John River (Medoctec). For their part, in response to King Philip's War, the five Indian tribes in the region of Acadia created the Wabanaki Confederacy to form a political and military alliance with New France to stop the New England expansion.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Confederate States of America", "paragraph_text": "The government of the United States (the Union) rejected the claims of secession and considered the Confederacy illegally founded. The War began with the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. No foreign government officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country, although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status, which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies. In early 1865, after four years of heavy fighting which led to 620,000–850,000 military deaths, all the Confederate forces surrendered and the Confederacy vanished. The war lacked a formal end; nearly all Confederate forces had been forced into surrender or deliberately disbanded by the end of 1865, by which point the dwindling manpower and resources of the Confederacy were facing overwhelming odds. By 1865 Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the civil war, lamented that the Confederacy had \"disappeared\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Battle of Peachtree Creek", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought in Georgia on July 20, 1864, as part of the Atlanta Campaign in the American Civil War. It was the first major attack by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood since taking command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. The attack was against Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's Union army which was perched on the doorstep of Atlanta. The main armies in the conflict were the Union Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas and two corps of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Battle of Tudela", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Tudela (23 November 1808) saw an Imperial French army led by Marshal Jean Lannes attack a Spanish army under General Castaños. The battle resulted in the complete victory of the Imperial forces over their adversaries. The combat occurred near Tudela in Navarre, Spain during the Peninsular War, part of a wider conflict known as the Napoleonic Wars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ivy Campany", "paragraph_text": "Ivy Lillian Campany (23 September 1901 – 19 December 2008) was, at age 107, the second from last World War I female army veteran of any country. The last was Florence Green (1901–2012), who was not identified as a veteran of the conflict until January 2010. This meant that Campany was believed to be the conflict's last surviving female veteran by the time of her death in December 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sherman's March to the Sea", "paragraph_text": "Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah Campaign) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army. The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21. His forces followed a ``scorched earth ''policy, destroying military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and civilian property and disrupting the Confederacy's economy and its transportation networks. The operation broke the back of the Confederacy and helped lead to its eventual surrender. Sherman's bold move of operating deep within enemy territory and without supply lines is considered to be one of the major achievements of the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "French and Indian War", "paragraph_text": "The conflict is known by multiple names. In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as King William's War or Queen Anne's War. As there had already been a King George's War in the 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War. This traditional name continues as the standard in the United States, but it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict, and that this was part of the Seven Years' War, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain. American historians generally use the traditional name or sometimes the Seven Years' War. Other, less frequently used names for the war include the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Posey War", "paragraph_text": "The Posey War, also known as the Last Indian Uprising and several other names, occurred in March 1923 and may be considered the final Indian War in American history. Though it was a minor conflict, it involved a mass exodus of Ute and Paiute native Americans from their land around Bluff, Utah to the deserts of Navajo Mountain. The natives were led by a chief named Posey, who took his people into the mountains to try and escape his pursuers. Unlike previous conflicts, posses played a major role while the United States Army played a minor one. The war ended after a skirmish at Comb Ridge. Posey was badly wounded and his band was taken to a prisoner-of-war camp in Blanding. When Posey's death was confirmed by the authorities, the prisoners were released and given land allotments to farm and raise livestock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Battle of Gettysburg, First Day", "paragraph_text": "The First Day of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War took place on July 1, 1863, and began as an engagement between isolated units of the Army of Northern Virginia under Confederate General Robert E. Lee and the Army of the Potomac under Union Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. It soon escalated into a major battle which culminated in the outnumbered and defeated Union forces retreating to the high ground south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lorenz rifle", "paragraph_text": "The Lorenz rifle was the third most widely used rifle during the American Civil War. The Union recorded purchases of 226,924 and the Confederacy bought as many as 100,000. Confederate-bought Lorenz rifles saw heavy use in the Army of Tennessee in 1863-64, with many of them being issued to re-equip regiments captured at the siege of Vicksburg and later exchanged. On the Union side, continental European firearms were mostly distributed to the Western armies--as such, the Lorenz Rifle was relatively uncommon in the Army of the Potomac (although two regiments of the famous Iron Brigade carried them) but heavily used by the Army of the Cumberland and Army of the Tennessee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Nine Years' War (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The war against O'Neill and his allies was the largest conflict fought by England in the Elizabethan era. At the height of the conflict (1600–1601) more than 18,000 soldiers were fighting in the English army in Ireland. By contrast, the English army assisting the Dutch during the Eighty Years' War was never more than 12,000 strong at any one time.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 24612, "question": "What was the name of the Confederacys most famous army?", "answer": "Army of Northern Virginia", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 243409, "question": "#1 >> conflict", "answer": "American Civil War", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[ "Civil War", "The Civil War" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition", "paragraph_text": "A later instance was an ecological expedition studying the ecosystems near Showa Station in Antarctica. The project was first undertaken in February 1986. It was associated with the international BIOTAS program, which also launched in 1986. Taxonomical studies of some organisms (particularly plants and small animals) were carried out by the expedition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tony Bennett (sociologist)", "paragraph_text": "Tony Bennett is an English academic who has also worked in Australia. Bennett is an important figure in the development of the Australian approach to cultural studies known as \"cultural policy studies.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Archimedes", "paragraph_text": "Archimedes was born c. 287 BC in the seaport city of Syracuse, Sicily, at that time a self-governing colony in Magna Graecia. The date of birth is based on a statement by the Byzantine Greek historian John Tzetzes that Archimedes lived for 75 years. In The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes gives his father's name as Phidias, an astronomer about whom nothing else is known. Plutarch wrote in his Parallel Lives that Archimedes was related to King Hiero II, the ruler of Syracuse. A biography of Archimedes was written by his friend Heracleides but this work has been lost, leaving the details of his life obscure. It is unknown, for instance, whether he ever married or had children. During his youth, Archimedes may have studied in Alexandria, Egypt, where Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene were contemporaries. He referred to Conon of Samos as his friend, while two of his works (The Method of Mechanical Theorems and the Cattle Problem) have introductions addressed to Eratosthenes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Viki Saha", "paragraph_text": "Viki Saha (born 31 December 1997) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Tripura. He made his Twenty20 debut on 9 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "One of the principal advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase at this point. By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine power and contributes to a much higher efficiency for a real cycle. The benefit of this is lost somewhat due to the lower heat addition temperature. Gas turbines, for instance, have turbine entry temperatures approaching 1500 °C. Nonetheless, the efficiencies of actual large steam cycles and large modern gas turbines are fairly well matched.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Child labour", "paragraph_text": "Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Children above the age of 13 may perform light work for a limited number of hours per week in other economic activities as defined at the discretion of each country. Additionally, the European law exception allows children aged 14 years or over to work as part of a work/training scheme. The EU Directive clarified that these exceptions do not allow child labour where the children may experience harmful exposure to dangerous substances. Nonetheless, many children under the age of 13 do work, even in the most developed countries of the EU. For instance, a recent study showed over a third of Dutch twelve-year-old kids had a job, the most common being babysitting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Johannes V. Jensen", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Farsø, a village in North Jutland, Denmark, as the son of a veterinary surgeon and he grew up in a rural environment. While studying medicine at the University of Copenhagen he worked as a writer to fund his studies. After three years of studying he chose to change careers and devote himself fully to literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Charles William Forman", "paragraph_text": "Charles William Forman (1821–1894) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary and the founder of Forman Christian College, a private university in Lahore, Pakistan.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mushtaq Minhas", "paragraph_text": "Mushtaq Minhas studied at Forman Christian College, in Lahore, from where he gained a Bachelor of Arts degree. He was also the vice president of the students' union. Mushtaq Minhas received Master of Arts degree in Mass Communication from University of Punjab, Lahore.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Computational complexity theory", "paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Infinite monkey theorem", "paragraph_text": "In this context, ``almost surely ''is a mathematical term with a precise meaning, and the`` monkey'' is not an actual monkey, but a metaphor for an abstract device that produces an endless random sequence of letters and symbols. One of the earliest instances of the use of the ``monkey metaphor ''is that of French mathematician Émile Borel in 1913, but the first instance may have been even earlier.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Giuseppe Bastianelli", "paragraph_text": "Born in Rome, Bastianelli was initially interested in chemistry, physiology and neurology; subsequently he became interested in the study of malaria. He worked in the \"Santo Spirito a Roma\" hospital with Ettore Marchiafava, Angelo Celli and Amico Bignami, studying the clinical aspects of this disease. He then moved to the Sapienza University of Rome where he directed l'Istituto di Malariologia, the Institute of Malarial studies dedicated to Ettore Marchiafava, where he worked until he died. The institute was a major contributor to the campaign that led to the complete eradication of malaria in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Mushtaq Qadri", "paragraph_text": "Mushtaq Qadri was born on 18th of the month of Ramadan, 1386 A.H. (approximately 1 January 1967), in Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. His father's name was Akhlaq Ahmad. Before permanently moving to Karachi, he lived for some time in Faisalabad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mikhail Simonyan", "paragraph_text": "Mikhail Simonyan studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia and continues to work with Victor Danchenko. He lives in Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Rahul Dagar", "paragraph_text": "Rahul Dagar (born 4 July 1993) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Haryana. He made his Twenty20 debut on 2 January 2016 in the 2015–16 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Margaret Cruikshank", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Louise Cruikshank (born 1940) is an American lesbian feminist writer and academic. Cruikshank began teaching in 1968 and was one of the first American academics to be out during a time when gay rights was just a fledgling idea. Her research and educational work focuses on awareness and acceptance of lesbian academia and the exclusion of lesbian literature and criticism from traditional literature studies and women's studies. Her work has been published in \"Gay Community News\", \"Radical Teacher\", the \"Journal of Homosexuality\" and \"The Advocate\". Her anthologies \"The Lesbian Path\" (1980), \"Lesbian Studies: Present and Future\" (1982), and \"New Lesbian Writing\" (1984) helped to establish lesbian studies as a part of women's studies in the academy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "August Klein", "paragraph_text": "August Klein (1870-1913) was an architect of German origin, who worked in Vilnius. from 1891 till 1896 studied in Saint Petersburg. Among his prominent works are Vileišis Palace, completed in 1906.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Florentina Mallá", "paragraph_text": "Florentina Mallá (14 July 1891 – 7 June 1973) was a Czech composer and pianist. She studied piano with Josef Jiránek at the Prague Conservatory, graduating in 1913 and later studied composition privately with Vítězslav Novák. She suspended her work as a composer during the communist years. Her works include didactic piano compositions, a sonatina and preludium for piano and about fifty songs. She died in Prague.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative \"yrkeshögskola\" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term \"polytechnic\" to the term \"university of applied sciences\" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Michael Denning", "paragraph_text": "Michael Denning (born 1954) is an American cultural historian and William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of American Studies at Yale University. His work has been influential in shaping the field of American Studies by importing and interpreting the work of British Cultural Studies theorists. Although he received his Ph.D. from Yale University and studied with Fredric Jameson, perhaps the greatest influence on his work is the time he spent at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies working with Stuart Hall.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121505, "question": "Where did Mushtaq Minhas study or work?", "answer": "Forman Christian College", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 630117, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "private university", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "Private university" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "But the peace in the state did not last long, the elections of 1875 caused new hostilities. Ángel Trías led a new movement against the government in June 1875 and maintained control over the government until September 18, 1875 when Donato Guerra the orchestrator of the Revolution of the North was captured. Donato Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of Chihuahua City where he was incarcerated for conspiring with Ángel Trías. During October 1875 several locations were controlled by rebel forces, but the government finally regained control on November 25, 1875.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nutrition", "paragraph_text": "At the time of this entry, we were not able to identify any specific nutrition literacy studies in the U.S. at a national level. However, the findings of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) provide a basis upon which to frame the nutrition literacy problem in the U.S. NAAL introduced the first ever measure of \"the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions\" – an objective of Healthy People 2010 and of which nutrition literacy might be considered an important subset. On a scale of below basic, basic, intermediate and proficient, NAAL found 13 percent of adult Americans have proficient health literacy, 44% have intermediate literacy, 29 percent have basic literacy and 14 percent have below basic health literacy. The study found that health literacy increases with education and people living below the level of poverty have lower health literacy than those above it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Khajuraho (town)", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011, the Indian census stated that Khajuraho had a population of 24,481. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Khajuraho has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 43%. In Khajuraho, 19% of the population is under six years of age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Education in the Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "The explosion of the print culture, which started in the 15th century with Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, was both a result of and a cause of the increase in literacy. The number of books published in the period of the Enlightenment increased dramatically due to the increase in demand for books, which resulted from the increased literacy rates and the declining cost and easier availability of books made possible by the printing press. There was a shift in the percentages of books printed in various categories during the 17th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Brahmadesam (Veppanthai)", "paragraph_text": "Brahmadesam is an Indian Panchayat village located in Veppanthattai taluk of Perambalur district in the state of Tamil Nadu. According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 2390, with a literacy rate of 66.32%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bhuntar", "paragraph_text": "As of 2005 India census, Bhuntar had a population of 5260. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Bhuntar has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 84% and female literacy of 76%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhuntar has an Airport which connects big cities like Delhi via air. Bhuntar is center for accessing areas such as Kasol, Manikaran and Manali.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Mussoorie", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011 India census, Mussoorie had a population of 30,118. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Mussoorie has an average literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 75%: male literacy is 94%, and female literacy is 84%. In Mussoorie, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. In Mussoorie Nagar Palika Parishad, female sex ratio is of 812 against state average of 963. Moreover, child sex ratio in Mussoorie is around 918 compared to Uttarakhand state average of 890.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nutrition", "paragraph_text": "Another study examining the health and nutrition literacy status of residents of the lower Mississippi Delta found that 52 percent of participants had a high likelihood of limited literacy skills. While a precise comparison between the NAAL and Delta studies is difficult, primarily because of methodological differences, Zoellner et al. suggest that health literacy rates in the Mississippi Delta region are different from the U.S. general population and that they help establish the scope of the problem of health literacy among adults in the Delta region. For example, only 12 percent of study participants identified the My Pyramid graphic two years after it had been launched by the USDA. The study also found significant relationships between nutrition literacy and income level and nutrition literacy and educational attainment further delineating priorities for the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Collina, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Collina is a suburb of the Australian city of Griffith in the Riverina region of New South Wales. The suburb is in the City of Griffith local government area. Collina is northwest of the Griffith city centre and reflects the city's rapid growth in the early 2000s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "María Inés", "paragraph_text": "María Inés Guerra Núñez (born July 1, 1983 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), commonly known as María Inés Guerra, is a Mexican TV hostess and singer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kiranipura", "paragraph_text": "At the 2001 India census, Kiranipura had a population of 4941. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Kiranipura had an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy 66%. In Kiranipura, 12% of the population were under 6 years of age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Antoine Ghanem", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Ghanem (Arabic: أنطوان غانم) (10 August 1943 – 19 September 2007) was a Lebanese politician and an MP in the Lebanese Parliament. He was also a member of the Kataeb party and the March 14 Coalition. He was killed on 19 September 2007 in a car bomb explosion in the Sin el Fil suburb of Beirut. He was the eighth anti-Syrian figure assassinated since the assassination of Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Etah district", "paragraph_text": "The district has a population density of 717 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,860/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77%. Etah has a sex ratio of 863 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.27%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Literacy in India", "paragraph_text": "Presently Tripura has the highest literacy rate in India, 94.65 percent. According to the 2011 census, literacy level was 93.91 percent in Kerala and 91.58 percent in Mizoram, among the most literate states in the country. The national literacy rate, according to the 2011 census, was 74.04 percent. The Tripura success story is attributed to the involvement of local government bodies, including gram panchayats, NGOs and local clubs under the close supervision of the State Literacy Mission Authority (SLMA) headed by the chief minister. Tripura attained 87.75 percent literacy in the 2011 census, from the 12th position in the 2001 census to the 4th position in the 2011 census. The Tripura Chief Minister said that efforts were underway to literate leftover 5.35 percent people and achieve complete success in a state of about 3.8 million people. The programmes were not just implemented to make the state literate but as long - term education programmes to ensure all citizens have a certain basic minimum level of education. Tripura has 45 blocks and 23 subdivisions that are served by 68 government - run schools and 30 - 40 private schools. Among projects implemented by the state government to increase literacy in the state are", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Madrasa", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the \"rational sciences,\" as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madaris, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Nummi", "paragraph_text": "Nummi (Finnish; \"Nummis\" in Swedish) is a district and a suburb of the city of Turku, Finland. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city, just outside the city centre and south of the river Aura. It is the fourth largest district in Turku, having a population of 7,011 (), with an annual growth rate of 2.21%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Rocklea, Queensland", "paragraph_text": "Rocklea is a large suburb of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. The suburb is located 9 kilometres south of the city. The west of the suburb is bordered by the Oxley Creek. The suburb's name is derived from the Rocky Waterholes in the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11804, "question": "Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of which city?", "answer": "Chihuahua City", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 11827, "question": "What is the literacy rate in #1 ?", "answer": "98%", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Nine Years' War (Ireland)", "paragraph_text": "The war against O'Neill and his allies was the largest conflict fought by England in the Elizabethan era. At the height of the conflict (1600–1601) more than 18,000 soldiers were fighting in the English army in Ireland. By contrast, the English army assisting the Dutch during the Eighty Years' War was never more than 12,000 strong at any one time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ivy Campany", "paragraph_text": "Ivy Lillian Campany (23 September 1901 – 19 December 2008) was, at age 107, the second from last World War I female army veteran of any country. The last was Florence Green (1901–2012), who was not identified as a veteran of the conflict until January 2010. This meant that Campany was believed to be the conflict's last surviving female veteran by the time of her death in December 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, an obsolete term for the Swiss, which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätten cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The name originates as an exonym, applied pars pro toto to the troops of the Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for \"Confederates\", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Articles of Confederation", "paragraph_text": "Establishes the name of the confederation with these words: ``The stile of this confederacy shall be 'The United States of America.' ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Sherman's March to the Sea", "paragraph_text": "Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah Campaign) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army. The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21. His forces followed a ``scorched earth ''policy, destroying military targets as well as industry, infrastructure, and civilian property and disrupting the Confederacy's economy and its transportation networks. The operation broke the back of the Confederacy and helped lead to its eventual surrender. Sherman's bold move of operating deep within enemy territory and without supply lines is considered to be one of the major achievements of the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Confederate States of America", "paragraph_text": "The government of the United States (the Union) rejected the claims of secession and considered the Confederacy illegally founded. The War began with the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. No foreign government officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country, although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status, which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies. In early 1865, after four years of heavy fighting which led to 620,000–850,000 military deaths, all the Confederate forces surrendered and the Confederacy vanished. The war lacked a formal end; nearly all Confederate forces had been forced into surrender or deliberately disbanded by the end of 1865, by which point the dwindling manpower and resources of the Confederacy were facing overwhelming odds. By 1865 Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the civil war, lamented that the Confederacy had \"disappeared\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take the United States (and more specifically the U.S. Army) to war without the support of the American people, General Abrams intertwined the structure of the three components of the army in such a way as to make extended operations impossible, without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "San Vicente de Chucurí", "paragraph_text": "San Vicente de Chucurí is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. Famous for its cocoa and beautiful women, San Vicente was embroiled in the armed conflict of the 1980s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the \"United States Army\" in 1796.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Lorenz rifle", "paragraph_text": "The Lorenz rifle was the third most widely used rifle during the American Civil War. The Union recorded purchases of 226,924 and the Confederacy bought as many as 100,000. Confederate-bought Lorenz rifles saw heavy use in the Army of Tennessee in 1863-64, with many of them being issued to re-equip regiments captured at the siege of Vicksburg and later exchanged. On the Union side, continental European firearms were mostly distributed to the Western armies--as such, the Lorenz Rifle was relatively uncommon in the Army of the Potomac (although two regiments of the famous Iron Brigade carried them) but heavily used by the Army of the Cumberland and Army of the Tennessee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Rey (Star Wars)", "paragraph_text": "Rey is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed by English actress Daisy Ridley. First appearing as the main character in Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Rey is a scavenger who was left behind on the planet Jakku when she was a child, and later becomes involved with the Resistance's conflict with the First Order when her solitary life is interrupted by BB - 8, the droid of ace Resistance pilot Poe Dameron, and a runaway Stormtrooper named Finn.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Battle of Poona", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Poona took place on 25 October 1802 near Pune between the rival factions of the Maratha Confederacy. The forces of the Scindia (Shinde) and the Peshwa Bajirao II were attacked by the Holkars. While the British East India Company was not involved in the battle, its outcome and aftermath led to the Second Anglo-Maratha War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing \"what they can to rescue you\". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Posey War", "paragraph_text": "The Posey War, also known as the Last Indian Uprising and several other names, occurred in March 1923 and may be considered the final Indian War in American history. Though it was a minor conflict, it involved a mass exodus of Ute and Paiute native Americans from their land around Bluff, Utah to the deserts of Navajo Mountain. The natives were led by a chief named Posey, who took his people into the mountains to try and escape his pursuers. Unlike previous conflicts, posses played a major role while the United States Army played a minor one. The war ended after a skirmish at Comb Ridge. Posey was badly wounded and his band was taken to a prisoner-of-war camp in Blanding. When Posey's death was confirmed by the authorities, the prisoners were released and given land allotments to farm and raise livestock.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Utrecht", "paragraph_text": "When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Battle of Peachtree Creek", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought in Georgia on July 20, 1864, as part of the Atlanta Campaign in the American Civil War. It was the first major attack by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood since taking command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. The attack was against Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's Union army which was perched on the doorstep of Atlanta. The main armies in the conflict were the Union Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas and two corps of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "United States Army", "paragraph_text": "As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders.\" The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Vietnam War", "paragraph_text": "Direct U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973. The capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (see Vietnam War casualties). Estimates of the number of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed vary from 966,000 to 3.8 million. Some 240,000 -- 300,000 Cambodians, 20,000 -- 62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U.S. service members also died in the conflict, and a further 1,626 remain missing in action.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Army of Northern Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 24612, "question": "What was the name of the Confederacys most famous army?", "answer": "Army of Northern Virginia", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 98103, "question": "What conflict involved #1 ?", "answer": "American Civil War", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[ "Civil War", "The Civil War" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tafraoui", "paragraph_text": "Tafraoui is a municipality in Oran Province, Algeria close to the city of Oran. There is an airport with the same name. Capturing Tafaraoui Airport was a part of Operation Torch in the World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's 1 mile freestyle", "paragraph_text": "The men's 1 mile freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event was held at such a distance at the Olympics and the only time the mile was used; later incarnations of the event used 1500 metres as the distance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Floyd James Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Floyd James ``Jim ''Thompson (July 8, 1933 -- July 16, 2002) was a United States Army colonel. He was the longest held American prisoner of war in U.S. history, spending nearly nine years in captivity in the jungle camps and mountains of South Vietnam and Laos, and in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tan Son Nhat International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) (Vietnamese: Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất, Vietnamese: Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất) is the busiest airport in Vietnam with 32.5 million passengers in 2016, serving Ho Chi Minh City as well as the rest of southeastern Vietnam. As of January 2017, it had a total capacity of only 25 million passengers, which has caused constant congestion and sparked debate for expanding or building a new airport. The airport's IATA code, SGN, is derived from the city's former name of Saigon.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dengue fever", "paragraph_text": "International Anti-Dengue Day is observed every year on 15 June. The idea was first agreed upon in 2010 with the first event held in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2011. Further events were held in 2012 in Yangon, Myanmar and in 2013 in Vietnam. Goals are to increase public awareness about dengue, mobilize resources for its prevention and control and, to demonstrate the Asian region's commitment in tackling the disease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – 25 miles", "paragraph_text": "The 25 miles was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only time this event was held at the Olympics. 10 cyclists, all from the United States, competed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lion's Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Lion's Cup (named the \"Emeron Cup\" in its first two years) was a WTA Tour tennis tournament held from 1978 until 1985, in Tokyo, Japan. The event was held on indoor hard courts in 1978 and 1979 before moving to indoor carpet courts. Only a singles event was contested.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Team eventing", "paragraph_text": "The team eventing was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. The event was held from 16 October to 19 October, and consisted merely of summing the scores of the team's top 3 (out of 4) horse and rider pairs in the individual eventing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "World Scout Jamboree", "paragraph_text": "It was in 1920 that the first World Scout Jamboree was realized, held in the Olympia halls in Kensington, London. Symbolically, the Jamboree site bore the name of the birthplace of the Olympic Games, Olympia. 8,000 Scouts from 34 countries attended the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Vietnam Airlines Flight 474", "paragraph_text": "Vietnam Airlines Flight 474 crashed on approach to Nha Trang Airport on 14 November 1992 during Cyclone Forrest. The aircraft was a Yakovlev Yak-40 registered VN-A449. One passenger survived, while the other 24 passengers and six crew were killed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Leaders of the Vietnam War", "paragraph_text": "Ho Chi Minh was the key figure and held the main leadership of North Vietnam during both wars in the country. He remained as a great source of inspiration for the Vietnamese who were fighting for a united Vietnam as in his wish after he officially stepped aside in 1965 and even after his death in 1969. The final offensive against Saigon -- the capital of South Vietnam in 1975 was named after him (the Ho Chi Minh Campaign). Vietnam was reunified under the Communist rule after the fall of Saigon in April 1975, nearly 30 years after Ho's declaration of independence and 6 years after his death. Soon after that, Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh city in honour of his vast contributions to Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping", "paragraph_text": "The individual jumping was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had first been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vietnam Airlines", "paragraph_text": "While the airline had launched flights to London-Gatwick, Beijing and Shanghai, as of April 2018 there are no flights to Mumbai, Doha, and Brisbane. The airline also plans to re-open flights to Berlin, and commence flights to Adelaide, Perth, Amsterdam, Milan, Prague, Mandalay, Dalian, Nanjing, Hangzhou and African cities; by 2020, Vietnam Airlines is expected to serve 53 international destinations, up from 27 in 2011. By 2020, Vietnam Airlines plans to increase its annual revenue to US$7 billion – up from $1.86 billion in 2010 – by carrying 620,000 tonnes of cargo and 35 million passengers, using a fleet of 163 aircraft (later revised to 41 million passengers using 170 aircraft). It aims to capture a 45% market share of Vietnam's aviation market. During its first 15 years of operation, from 1996 to 2010, Vietnam Airlines carried a total of 82 million passengers on 678,550 flights. In addition, Vietnam Airlines plans to transfer most of its international operations from its current hub, Tan Son Nhat International Airport, to the proposed Long Thanh International Airport. With a cost of approximately US$6 billion, the airport will, according to Vietnamese authorities, help Vietnam Airlines boost its operations internationally as it seeks to bypass Thailand as the dominant gateway to the Greater Mekong region. London operations were transferred from Gatwick to Heathrow in 2015; the airline plans to operate its new Boeing 787-9 aircraft to this destination, starting from .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 3826, "question": "Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?", "answer": "Ho Chi Minh City.", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 92217, "question": "what is the name of the airport in #1", "answer": "Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "SGN", "Tan Son Nhat International Airport" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "David Hunter Riddle", "paragraph_text": "David Hunter Riddle (April 14, 1805 – 1888) was the ninth and last president of Jefferson College from 1862 until its union with Washington College to form Washington & Jefferson College in 1865. He also served as trustee and the acting Principal of the Western University of Pennsylvania, today known as the University of Pittsburgh, from 1849 to 1855.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Iowa State University", "paragraph_text": "On July 4, 1959, the college was officially renamed Iowa State University of Science and Technology. However, the short - form name ``Iowa State University ''is used even in official documents such as diplomas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yoko Matsuoka McClain", "paragraph_text": "The Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs honored McClain for her contributions to Japanese-U.S. cultural relations in 2003. The University of Oregon College of Arts and Sciences also awarded her the Alumni Fellows Award in 2003. In August 2011, McClain received the Gertrude Bass Warner Award from the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "West China College of Stomatology", "paragraph_text": "West China College of Stomatology of the West China Medical Center of Sichuan University has a significant role in the development of modern stomatology, and was the earliest hospital of stomatology in China. A dental clinic called Ren Ji Dental Clinic was founded in 1907, and then expanded to the first dental hospital in China in 1912. In 1917 the medical faculty of West China Union University (WCUU) established a department of dentistry and in 1921 the status was raised to the college of dentistry of WCUU. In 1928 the college of Medicine and dentistry formed the joint college of medicine and dentistry of WCUU. It was renamed as Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan Medical College in 1953. In 1985, it was granted a name as the College of Stomatology, Sichuan University School of Medicine (aka West China University of Medical Sciences) and was changed into West China College of Stomatology, West China Medical Center of Sichuan University in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Rosalind Plowright", "paragraph_text": "Rosalind Plowright was born in Worksop and studied at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester and at the London Opera Centre.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "North Carolina is also home to many well-known private colleges and universities, including Duke University, Wake Forest University, Pfeiffer University, Lees-McRae College, Davidson College, Barton College, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Elon University, Guilford College, Livingstone College, Salem College, Shaw University (the first historically black college or university in the South), Laurel University, Meredith College, Methodist University, Belmont Abbey College (the only Catholic college in the Carolinas), Campbell University, University of Mount Olive, Montreat College, High Point University, Lenoir-Rhyne University (the only Lutheran university in North Carolina) and Wingate University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I Love You to Death", "paragraph_text": "I Love You to Death is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and starring an ensemble cast featuring Kevin Kline, Tracey Ullman, Joan Plowright, River Phoenix, William Hurt, and Keanu Reeves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema", "paragraph_text": "Cheema was born at Sialkot and was initially educated at Sialkot, later on he moved to Government College, Lahore where he completed his Master's in History. He also did Master's in Political Science from Punjab University, Certificate in Peace Research and International Relations from Oslo University (Norway), Diploma in International Relations from Vienna University (Austria), M. Litt. in Strategic Studies from Aberdeen University (U.K.) and Ph.D. from Quaid-i-Azam University (Pakistan).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Girl Rush", "paragraph_text": "The Girl Rush is a 1955 American musical comedy film starring Rosalind Russell, filmed in Technicolor and VistaVision, and released by Paramount Pictures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Central Saint Martins", "paragraph_text": "Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design was formed in 1989 from the merger of the Central School of Art and Design, founded in 1896, and Saint Martin's School of Art, founded in 1854. Since 1986 both schools had been part of the London Institute, formed by the Inner London Education Authority to bring together seven London art, design, fashion and media schools. The London Institute became a legal entity in 1988, could award taught degrees from 1993, was granted university status in 2003 and was renamed University of the Arts London in 2004. It also includes Camberwell College of Arts, Chelsea College of Arts, the London College of Communication, the London College of Fashion and Wimbledon College of Arts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Institute of technology", "paragraph_text": "Schools called \"technical institute\" or \"technical school\" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Queen Bees and Wannabes", "paragraph_text": "Queen Bees and Wannabes is a 2002 self-help book by Rosalind Wiseman. It focuses on the ways in which girls in high schools form cliques, and on patterns of aggressive teen girl behavior and how to deal with them. The book was, in large part, the basis for the film \"Mean Girls\" (2004).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "She Wouldn't Say Yes", "paragraph_text": "She Wouldn't Say Yes is a 1945 screwball comedy film directed by Alexander Hall and starring Rosalind Russell and Lee Bowman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include City and Islington College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College and Bethnal Green Academy. There are also a number of private schools and colleges in London, some old and famous, such as City of London School, Harrow, St Paul's School, Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, University College School, The John Lyon School, Highgate School and Westminster School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Colleges and Institutes Canada", "paragraph_text": "Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan; ) is a national association formed in 1972 to represent the interests of its member institutions to government and industry. Membership is voluntary and open to publicly funded community colleges in Canada or institutions that may also be referred to as an institute of technology, CEGEP, or University with a college mandate. CICan currently has 127 member institutions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Lancashire", "paragraph_text": "More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Henley Business School", "paragraph_text": "Henley Business School is the business school of the University of Reading. It was formed by merging the previously independent Henley Management College, formerly the Administrative Staff College, with the existing business school of the University of Reading. As a result of the merger it now occupies two sites: Greenlands Campus, near the town of Henley-on-Thames, the original site of the Henley Management College, and Whiteknights Campus in Reading.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Harvard University", "paragraph_text": "Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called \"New College\" or \"the college at New Towne\". In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. In 1639, the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard, who was an alumnus of the University of Cambridge. He had left the school £779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Strathmore University", "paragraph_text": "Strathmore University is a chartered university based in Nairobi, Kenya. Strathmore College was started in 1961, as the first multi-racial, multi-religious advanced-level sixth form college offering science and arts subjects, by a group of professionals who formed a charitable educational trust (now the Strathmore Educational Trust). Saint Josemaría Escrivá, founder of Opus Dei, inspired and encouraged them to start the college. It is a Catholic university.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Aneek Chatterjee", "paragraph_text": "Aneek Chatterjee graduated from Presidency College. He completed his MA from the same college and did M.Phil. at Calcutta University. He did Ph.D. at Jadavpur University on the topic \"India-U.S. Relations at the End of the Twentieth Century\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 122291, "question": "Which college or university is related with Rosalind Plowright?", "answer": "Royal Northern College of Music", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 12945, "question": "When was #1 formed?", "answer": "1972", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Raisinghnagar", "paragraph_text": "In the 2011 India census, the town of Raisinghnagar had a population of 28,330. Males constituted 53.25% (15085) of the population and females 46.75% (13245). In 2011, Raisinghnagar had an average literacy rate of above 72.08% (20423).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Brahmadesam (Veppanthai)", "paragraph_text": "Brahmadesam is an Indian Panchayat village located in Veppanthattai taluk of Perambalur district in the state of Tamil Nadu. According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 2390, with a literacy rate of 66.32%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Madrasa", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the \"rational sciences,\" as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madaris, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Capital gains tax in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In the United States of America, individuals and corporations pay U.S. federal income tax on the net total of all their capital gains. The tax rate depends on both the investor's tax bracket and the amount of time the investment was held. Short - term capital gains are taxed at the investor's ordinary income tax rate and are defined as investments held for a year or less before being sold. Long - term capital gains, on dispositions of assets held for more than one year, are taxed at a lower rate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Somalis", "paragraph_text": "The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "History of education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The first American schools in the thirteen original colonies opened in the 17th century. Boston Latin School was founded in 1635 and is both the first public school and oldest existing school in the United States. The first free taxpayer - supported public school in North America, the Mather School, was opened in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1639. Cremin (1970) stresses that colonists tried at first to educate by the traditional English methods of family, church, community, and apprenticeship, with schools later becoming the key agent in ``socialization. ''At first, the rudiments of literacy and arithmetic were taught inside the family, assuming the parents had those skills. Literacy rates were much higher in New England because much of the population had been deeply involved in the Protestant Reformation and learned to read in order to read the Scriptures. Literacy was much lower in the South, where the Anglican Church was the established church. Single working - class people formed a large part of the population in the early years, arriving as indentured servants. The planter class did not support public education but arranged for private tutors for their children, and sent some to England at appropriate ages for further education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Masha Hamilton", "paragraph_text": "Masha Hamilton is a United States journalist and the author of five novels. She founded two world literacy projects, and has worked as head of communications for the US Embassy in Afghanistan and the NGO Concern Worldwide US.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of education in the United States", "paragraph_text": "After the Revolution, northern states especially emphasized education and rapidly established public schools. By the year 1870, all states had tax - subsidized elementary schools. The US population had one of the highest literacy rates in the world at the time. Private academies also flourished in the towns across the country, but rural areas (where most people lived) had few schools before the 1880s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nutrition", "paragraph_text": "At the time of this entry, we were not able to identify any specific nutrition literacy studies in the U.S. at a national level. However, the findings of the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) provide a basis upon which to frame the nutrition literacy problem in the U.S. NAAL introduced the first ever measure of \"the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions\" – an objective of Healthy People 2010 and of which nutrition literacy might be considered an important subset. On a scale of below basic, basic, intermediate and proficient, NAAL found 13 percent of adult Americans have proficient health literacy, 44% have intermediate literacy, 29 percent have basic literacy and 14 percent have below basic health literacy. The study found that health literacy increases with education and people living below the level of poverty have lower health literacy than those above it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Etah district", "paragraph_text": "The district has a population density of 717 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,860/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77%. Etah has a sex ratio of 863 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.27%.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Literacy in India", "paragraph_text": "Presently Tripura has the highest literacy rate in India, 94.65 percent. According to the 2011 census, literacy level was 93.91 percent in Kerala and 91.58 percent in Mizoram, among the most literate states in the country. The national literacy rate, according to the 2011 census, was 74.04 percent. The Tripura success story is attributed to the involvement of local government bodies, including gram panchayats, NGOs and local clubs under the close supervision of the State Literacy Mission Authority (SLMA) headed by the chief minister. Tripura attained 87.75 percent literacy in the 2011 census, from the 12th position in the 2001 census to the 4th position in the 2011 census. The Tripura Chief Minister said that efforts were underway to literate leftover 5.35 percent people and achieve complete success in a state of about 3.8 million people. The programmes were not just implemented to make the state literate but as long - term education programmes to ensure all citizens have a certain basic minimum level of education. Tripura has 45 blocks and 23 subdivisions that are served by 68 government - run schools and 30 - 40 private schools. Among projects implemented by the state government to increase literacy in the state are", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gwalior", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011's India census, Gwalior had a population of 1,069,276. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gwalior has an average literacy rate of 84.14%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 89.64% and female literacy is 77.92%. In Gwalior, about 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. The city's metropolitan population, which includes the commuter town of Morar Cantonment, was of 1,117,740.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray García de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Mansos del Paso del Río del Norte and founded the town El Paso Del Norte (present day Ciudad Juárez) in 1667. The Spanish society that developed in the region replaced the sparse population of indigenous peoples. The absence of servants and workers forged the spirit of northern people as self-dependent, creative people that defended their European heritage. In 1680 settlers from Santa Fe, New Mexico sought refuge in El Paso Del Norte for twelve years after fleeing the attacks from Pueblo tribes, but returned to Santa Fe in 1692 after Diego de Vargas recaptured the city and vicinity. In 1709, Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded the state capital Chihuahua City; shortly after, the city became the headquarters for the regional mining offices of the Spanish crown known as Real de Minas de San Francisco de Cuéllar in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez, Duke of Alburquerque and the Marquee of Cuéllar..", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Khajuraho (town)", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011, the Indian census stated that Khajuraho had a population of 24,481. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Khajuraho has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 43%. In Khajuraho, 19% of the population is under six years of age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bhuntar", "paragraph_text": "As of 2005 India census, Bhuntar had a population of 5260. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Bhuntar has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 84% and female literacy of 76%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhuntar has an Airport which connects big cities like Delhi via air. Bhuntar is center for accessing areas such as Kasol, Manikaran and Manali.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Nutrition", "paragraph_text": "Another study examining the health and nutrition literacy status of residents of the lower Mississippi Delta found that 52 percent of participants had a high likelihood of limited literacy skills. While a precise comparison between the NAAL and Delta studies is difficult, primarily because of methodological differences, Zoellner et al. suggest that health literacy rates in the Mississippi Delta region are different from the U.S. general population and that they help establish the scope of the problem of health literacy among adults in the Delta region. For example, only 12 percent of study participants identified the My Pyramid graphic two years after it had been launched by the USDA. The study also found significant relationships between nutrition literacy and income level and nutrition literacy and educational attainment further delineating priorities for the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New Delhi", "paragraph_text": "New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kiranipura", "paragraph_text": "At the 2001 India census, Kiranipura had a population of 4941. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Kiranipura had an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy 66%. In Kiranipura, 12% of the population were under 6 years of age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Mussoorie", "paragraph_text": "As of 2011 India census, Mussoorie had a population of 30,118. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Mussoorie has an average literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 75%: male literacy is 94%, and female literacy is 84%. In Mussoorie, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. In Mussoorie Nagar Palika Parishad, female sex ratio is of 812 against state average of 963. Moreover, child sex ratio in Mussoorie is around 918 compared to Uttarakhand state average of 890.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 11757, "question": "Which new state capital was founded in 1709?", "answer": "Chihuahua City", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 11827, "question": "What is the literacy rate in #1 ?", "answer": "98%", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Car longevity", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency assumes the typical car is driven 15,000 miles per year. According to the New York Times, in the 1960s and 1970s, the typical car reached its end of life around 100,000 miles, but due to manufacturing improvements such as tighter tolerances and better anti-corrosion coatings, in the 2000s the typical car lasts closer to 200,000 miles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Colburn Automobile Company", "paragraph_text": "The Colburn Automobile Company was a Brass Era car manufacturer in Denver, Colorado. The company produced cars from 1906-1911. in their factory at 15th Street and Colfax Avenue.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Victoria (Australia)", "paragraph_text": "Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013, followed by Ford's decision in December of the same year (Ford's Victorian plants—in Broadmeadows and Geelong—will close in October 2016).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "ALFA 24 HP", "paragraph_text": "The ALFA 24 HP is 4.1-litre four-cylinder passenger car, the first model produced by Italian car manufacturer ALFA (\"Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili\"), which in 1919 would become Alfa Romeo. It was introduced in 1910, the year ALFA was founded, and produced until 1914 in ALFA's Portello factory near Milan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Horace Abbott", "paragraph_text": "Horace Abbott (July 29, 1806 – August 8, 1887) was an American iron manufacturer and banker. His work included the armor plating for the USS \"Monitor\", USS Agamenticus, USS \"Roanoke\", and the USS \"Monadnock\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Strathcarron Sports Cars", "paragraph_text": "Strathcarron Sports Cars plc was a British car manufacturer based in Hove, East Sussex, in business from 1998 until 2001.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Robert Serf", "paragraph_text": "Georges Didier established a small automobile business at Colombey-les-Belles, not far from Toul, concentrating on Ford cars and Fordson tractors. In 1925 he started to manufacture automobiles, designed by a man named Robert Serf, whose name was given to the cars. Production ended in 1935 when the business relocated a short distance to the east, to Vendeuvre, a quarter of Nancy. The business existed till approximately 1942 which was the year in which Dider died, although Robert Serf himself was still working in his own automotive workshop at Nancy until the 1970s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Renault Samsung SM7", "paragraph_text": "The Renault Samsung SM7 is an executive car or full-size car (E-segment in Europe) produced by the Korean manufacturer Renault Samsung Motors since 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Chevrolet Corvette", "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet. The car has been produced through seven generations. The first model, a convertible, was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953 as a concept show car. Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small, maneuverable warship called a corvette. Originally built in Flint, Michigan and St. Louis, Missouri, the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green, Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nissan Stadium", "paragraph_text": "On June 24, 2015, car manufacturer Nissan, which has its North American headquarters just south of Nashville in Franklin and operates a large manufacturing plant in nearby Smyrna, bought the naming rights for the stadium in a 20 - year contract, rebranding the stadium as Nissan Stadium. As part of the sponsor agreement, a 2016 Nissan Titan pickup truck was placed next to the stadium scoreboard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Chevrolet Volt", "paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, Buick Velite 5 in China, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe. Volt production ended in February 2019.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Davidson-Cadillac armored car", "paragraph_text": "The Davidson-Cadillac armored car of 1915 was developed on a Cadillac chassis by Royal Page Davidson and the cadets of the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. This military vehicle is the \"first true\" fully armored vehicle made in the United States because it was built specifically just for that purpose and was not a conversion of an automobile or truck.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Plymouth Prowler", "paragraph_text": "The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by DaimlerChrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fiat 507", "paragraph_text": "The Fiat 507 is a passenger car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Fiat between 1926-1927. The car was developed from the 505 model, with a modified suspension and brakes.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "McLaren 12C", "paragraph_text": "The McLaren MP4-12C, later known simply as the McLaren 12C, is a sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive. It is the first ever production car wholly designed and built by McLaren, and their first production road car produced since the McLaren F1, which ended production in 1998. The car's final design was unveiled in September 2009 and was launched in mid-2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "White Motor Company", "paragraph_text": "The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "White armored car", "paragraph_text": "The White armored car was a series of armored cars developed by the White Motor Company in Cleveland, Ohio from 1915.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sheridan (automobile)", "paragraph_text": "The Sheridan was a brand of American automobile manufactured from 1920 to 1921. Manufacture of the car was based in Muncie, Indiana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Presidential state car (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In late December 1963, the car was sent back to Hess & Eisenhardt to be modified further, and was rebuilt from the ground up. For protection, the Lincoln received titanium armor plating, bullet - resistant glass and a bulletproof permanent roof. Solid aluminium rims were also fitted inside the tires to make them flat - proof. It remained in service for an additional eight years, logging 50,000 miles on the ground and over one million miles being flown to and from its destinations. The vehicle was equipped with Presidential lap robes and mouton carpeting and a complete communications system including radio patch to the White House. It was replaced in 1967 and remained in service doing less important duties until 1978, when it was retired to the Henry Ford Museum. Finished originally in navy blue, the car was repainted black after the assassination, then repainted again after each assignment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Robert J. Sinclair", "paragraph_text": "Robert J. Sinclair, (March 17, 1932 – May 10, 2009) was an American automotive industry executive who served as Chief executive officer of Saab-Scania of America from May 1979 until September 1991, where he helped improve the popularity of Saab's cars by convincing the parent company to manufacture cars with high-end options such as turbochargers and a convertible version of its Saab 900 that was designed to appeal to American consumers.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 398228, "question": "White armored car >> manufacturer", "answer": "White Motor Company", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 120632, "question": "What year was the end of #1 ?", "answer": "1980", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Roland Glassl", "paragraph_text": "Roland Glassl (born 1972 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a professional German viola player. He has won the Lionel Tertis Competition as well as the International Competition in Vienna. Glassl hass collaborated with many leading artists, and is also a member of the Mandelring Quartet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Baldomero Sanín Cano", "paragraph_text": "He graduated as a teacher in the Normal de Rionegro, in the department of Antioquia, and became undersecretary of the Reyes administration and ambassador of Colombia in England. He was a collaborator of the \"Hispania\" magazine and an editor of the newspaper \"La Nación\" of Buenos Aires. He served as a minister in Argentina 1934. He was a member of the Academia Colombiana de la Lengua. He was also Rector of the University of El Cauca in Popayan and also collaborator of El Tiempo in Bogota.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Jill Gibson", "paragraph_text": "Jill Gibson (born June 18, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, photographer, painter and sculptor. She is mostly known for her collaboration work with Jan & Dean and for having briefly been a member of the successful 1960s rock group The Mamas & the Papas. She was also one of the main photographers at the historic Monterey Pop Festival in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "A Star Is Born is the soundtrack album to the 2018 musical film of the same name, performed by its stars Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. Gaga and Cooper collaborated on the soundtrack album with an assortment of country musicians, including Lukas Nelson, who also stars in the film as a member of Cooper's band. For the more pop - oriented songs on the soundtrack, Gaga teamed up with recurring collaborator DJ White Shadow. The soundtrack also includes contributions from Jason Isbell, Mark Ronson, Diane Warren, and Andrew Wyatt of Miike Snow. Commercially, it has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Post-punk", "paragraph_text": "In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Juan Son", "paragraph_text": "Juan Carlos Pereda (born January 24, 1984 in Guadalajara, Mexico) is a Mexican singer and composer of experimental music. He was the vocals of the alternative rock band Porter and collaborated with Simone Pace (Blonde Redhead) as the drummer for AEIOU. He also performs solo under the pseudonym Juan Son.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Welcome to Red Hook Houses", "paragraph_text": "Welcome to Red Hook Houses is a collaboration album by rappers and Sunz of Man members Hell Razah and Shabazz the Disciple, under the name T.H.U.G. Angelz (Those Humbled Under God), released on July 8, 2008 through Babygrande Records. The album features production from Bronze Nazareth, Jordan River Banks of Godz Wrath, Rated R, Shroom, Vanderslice and Blue Sky Black Death, who provide a remix for the track \"Audiobiography\", originally featured on the 2007 BSBD/Razah album \"Razah's Ladder\". The album's only guest appearance comes from original Sunz of Man member 7th Ambassador. The album is the first of two planned collaborative albums between the rappers, with the second upcoming project to be produced entirely by Ayatollah.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Eria Fachin", "paragraph_text": "Originally from Hamilton, Ontario, Fachin began performing in the Toronto area at the age of 15 in a variety of capacities, including nightclub performances, roles in musical theatre, recording commercial jingles for local advertisers and performing on television variety shows. She also recorded a number of singles during this era, including \"I'm Not Your Puppet\", and married her musical collaborator Lou Bartolomucci in 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Electra Glide in Blue", "paragraph_text": "Electra Glide in Blue is a 1973 American action film, starring Robert Blake as a motorcycle cop in Arizona and Billy \"Green\" Bush as his partner. The film was produced and directed by James William Guercio, and is named after the Harley-Davidson Electra Glide motorcycle issued to traffic cops. The soundtrack was performed by members of the band Chicago; Guercio managed them at the time, and produced many of their albums. Members of the band also appear in minor acting roles in the film.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "A Star Is Born is the soundtrack album to the 2018 musical film of the same name, performed by its stars Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. Gaga and Cooper collaborated on the soundtrack album with an assortment of country musicians, including Lukas Nelson, who also stars in the film as a member of Cooper's band. For the more pop - oriented songs on the soundtrack, Gaga teamed up with recurring collaborator DJ White Shadow. The soundtrack also includes contributions from Jason Isbell, Mark Ronson, Diane Warren, and Andrew Wyatt of Miike Snow. Commercially, it has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Telectu", "paragraph_text": "Telectu is a Portuguese experimental, avant-garde music duo formed in 1982 by Vítor Rua (former member of GNR) and Jorge Lima Barreto, a jazz musician and musical essayist. Their music incorporates a variety of elements from free jazz, rock, electronica, minimalism and concrete music. They are arguably the most important project of its genre in Portugal. Their career spanning 30 years, includes a voluminous discography, many national and international performances and collaborations, both live and recorded, with important experimental and improvisation musicians such as Elliott Sharp, Carlos Zíngaro, Jac Berrocal, Sunny Murray, Chris Cutler amongst others. They have also composed music for theater, video art and multimedia performance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Peewee Longway", "paragraph_text": "Quincy Lamont Williams (born August 17, 1984), known by his stage name Peewee Longway, is an American hip hop recording artist who was one of the last signees of 1017 Records before founder Gucci Mane's 2013–2016 imprisonment. He is also the nephew of Brick Squad member Cold Blooded Da Don who introduced him to Gucci Mane. The artist's most celebrated releases to date are his mixtape \"The Blue M&M\" and his collaboration with Young Thug, \"Loaded\". \"The Blue M&M\" also featured the singles \"Sneakin n Geekin\" and \"Servin Lean\" (remix) featuring A$AP Rocky. He is also a member of a rap group with Gucci Mane and Young Dolph, collectively known as \"Felix Brothers\". They released their debut project in July 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Fall Out Boy", "paragraph_text": "The band's first public performance came in a cafeteria at DePaul University alongside Stilwell and another group that performed Black Sabbath in its entirety. The band's only performance with guitarist John Flamandan and original drummer Ben Rose was in retrospect described as ``goofy ''and`` bad,'' but Trohman made an active effort to make the band work, picking up members for practice. Wentz and Stump argued over band names; the former favored verbose, tongue - in - cheek names while the latter desired to reference Tom Waits in name. After creating a short list of names that included ``Fall Out Boy, ''a fictional character from The Simpsons and Bongo Comics, friends voted on the name. The band's second performance, at a southern Illinois university with The Killing Tree, began with Wentz introducing the band under a name Stump recalled as`` very long.'' According to Stump, an audience member yelled out, ``Fuck that, no, you're Fall Out Boy!, ''and the band were credited later in the show under that name by Killing Tree frontman Tim McIlrath. As the group looked up to McIlrath, and Trohman and Stump were`` die - hard'' Simpsons fans, the name stuck. The group's first cassette tape demo was recorded in Rose's basement, but the band later set off for Wisconsin to record a proper demo with 7 Angels 7 Plagues drummer Jared Logan, whom Wentz knew through connections in the hardcore scene.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Doctors & Dealers", "paragraph_text": "Doctors & Dealers is a one-woman band based in Stockholm, Sweden. The principal member is Sparrow Lindgren who frequently works with collaborator Anders Lager on recordings and several additional band members when playing live shows.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arch/Matheos", "paragraph_text": "Arch/Matheos began as a reunion between founding Fates Warning members John Arch and Jim Matheos, who hadn't collaborated since Arch's 2003 EP \"A Twist Of Fate\" and hadn't fully collaborated for a whole album since 1986's \"Awaken the Guardian\". In 2010, the duo began working on an album together and brought along three Fates Warning members to the fold. The five members would in turn release their debut album \"Sympathetic Resonance\" in 2011, under the name Arch/Matheos. The album, while only 6 tracks, clocked at 55 minutes. On August 17, 2018, they re-signed with Metal Blade records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Freak (film)", "paragraph_text": "Freak is a 1998 film directed by Spike Lee. The film is a live performance of John Leguizamo's one man show on Broadway of the same name. Leguizamo's show was semi-autobiographical as he would talk about many aspects of his life. In the performance piece, he also talks about family members such as his parents, grandparents, uncle, and his younger brother. The film premiered on HBO.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Title in Limbo", "paragraph_text": "Title in Limbo is an album by The Residents in collaboration with Renaldo and the Loaf, released in 1983 on Ralph Records. Guest performers include Snakefinger (guitar and violin), and vocalist Nessie Lessons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee", "paragraph_text": "New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) is an adjudicating committee established to authorize the naming of features in the Ross Dependency on the Antarctic continent. It is composed of the members of the New Zealand Geographic Board plus selected specialists on Antarctica. This committee works in collaboration with similar place-naming authorities in Australia, Great Britain and the United States to reach concurrence on each decision. The NZ-APC committee was established in 1956.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kassetten", "paragraph_text": "Kassetten (English: \"Cassettes\") is the fifth release of Einstürzende Neubauten's Musterhaus project, a series of highly experimental CD releases that were only available via an annual subscription through their website or from shows during their 25th Anniversary Tour. This project was separate from their Neubauten.org Supporter Project, which it ran concurrent to.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Collaboration (Modern Jazz Quartet and Laurindo Almeida album)", "paragraph_text": "Collaboration is an album by American jazz group the Modern Jazz Quartet with Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida featuring performances recorded at Webster Hall in 1964 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 142515, "question": "What was Kassetten's performers name?", "answer": "Einstürzende Neubauten", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 31413, "question": "Who did members of #1 also collaborate with?", "answer": "the Birthday Party", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Birthday Party" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Anthony Maraschi", "paragraph_text": "The Reverend Anthony Maraschi, S.J. (1820 - 1897) was an Italian-born priest of the Society of Jesus. He was a founder of the University of San Francisco and Saint Ignatius College Preparatory as well as the first pastor of Saint Ignatius Church in San Francisco, California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Marten River, Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Marten River is an unincorporated hamlet located in the municipality of Temagami, in the District of Nipissing, Ontario, Canada. The latest census 2005 puts the town population at 87. Marten River is considered the gateway to the Temagami area. It is named after the nearby river.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Newfoundland pine marten", "paragraph_text": "The Newfoundland pine marten (\"Martes americana atrata\") is a genetically distinct subspecies of the American marten (\"Martes americana\") found only on the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada; it is sometimes referred to as the \"American marten (Newfoundland population)\" and is one of only 14 species of land mammals native to the island. The marten was listed as endangered by the COSEWIC in 2001 and has been protected since 1934, however the population still declines. The Newfoundland marten has been geographically and reproductively isolated from the mainland marten population for 7000 years. The Newfoundland pine marten is similar in appearance to its continental cousin, but is slightly larger, with dark brown fur with an orange/yellow patch on the throat. Females are an average weight of 772 grams and males have an average weight of 1275 grams. The Newfoundland subspecies is also observed to inhabit a wider range of forest types than its mainland counterparts. The population characteristics suggest that the Newfoundland marten is a product of unique ecological setting and evolutionary selective factors acting on the isolated island population. The Newfoundland pine marten is omnivorous, feeding on mainly small mammals, along with birds, old carcasses, insects and fruits; it is currently found in suitable pockets of mature forest habitat, on the west coast of Newfoundland and in and around Terra Nova National Park. The Pine Marten Study Area (PMSA) is located in southwestern Newfoundland and is a 2078 km wildlife reserve that was created in 1973 to protect the Newfoundland Marten.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Anthony Lun", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Lun is a graduate of La Salle College, Hong Kong, Santa Clara University (Bachelor of Arts) and University of Michigan (Masters of Music).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Anthony Marten", "paragraph_text": "He was the son of David Marten (senior clerk to the surveyor of the king's works) and his wife Jane Cooke. Anthony Marten was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, but there is no evidence that he graduated. He then entered the royal household. In 1570 he was the Queen's \"sewar\" and then her steward. From July 1579 to March 1586 he was bailiff of Ledbury, Herefordshire, and in August 1588 the Queen awarded him a lease for a house in Richmond. She also appointed him Keeper of the Royal Library at the Palace of Westminster (an office for life with a salary of 20 marks per annum) and as royal cup bearer the Queen granted him monopoly on exporting tin.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Susie Boyt", "paragraph_text": "The daughter of Suzy Boyt and artist Lucian Freud, and great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud. Susie Boyt was educated at Channing and at Camden School for Girls and read English at St Catherine's College, Oxford, graduating in 1992. Working variously at a PR agency, and a literary agency, she completed her first novel, \"The Normal Man\", which was published in 1995 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. She returned to university to do a Masters in Anglo American Literary Relations at University College London studying the works of Henry James and the poet John Berryman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Martin (name)", "paragraph_text": "Martin Statue of Marte (Mars) Pronunciation English: / ˈmɑːrtɪn, - tən / Czech: (ˈmarcɪn) Finnish: (ˈmɑrtin) French: (maʁtɛ̃) German: (ˈmaɐ̯tiːn) Norwegian: (ˈmɑʈːɪn) Serbo - Croatian: (mǎrtin) Spanish: (maɾˈtin) Swedish: (ˈmaʈːɪn) Gender Male Origin Word / name Latin Meaning ``Of Mars, warlike, warrior ''Region of origin Roman Empire Other names Related names Martyn, Martti, Morten, Marten, Maarten, Marta, Mark (can also be used as a nickname), Martino, Martina", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "North Carolina is also home to many well-known private colleges and universities, including Duke University, Wake Forest University, Pfeiffer University, Lees-McRae College, Davidson College, Barton College, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Elon University, Guilford College, Livingstone College, Salem College, Shaw University (the first historically black college or university in the South), Laurel University, Meredith College, Methodist University, Belmont Abbey College (the only Catholic college in the Carolinas), Campbell University, University of Mount Olive, Montreat College, High Point University, Lenoir-Rhyne University (the only Lutheran university in North Carolina) and Wingate University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Human Molecular Genetics", "paragraph_text": "Human Molecular Genetics, first published in 1992, is a semimonthly peer reviewed, scientific journal, published by The Oxford University Press. The journal's focus is research papers on all topics related to human molecular genetics. In addition, two \"\"special review\"\" issues are published each year. There are three professors who share the title of Executive Editor for this journal: Professor Kay Davies from the University of Oxford, Professor Anthony Wynshaw-Boris from the University of California, San Francisco, and Professor Joel Hirschhorn from Harvard Medical School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Anthony Dixon", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Rishard \"Boobie\" Dixon (born September 24, 1987) is an American football running back who is currently with The Spring League. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football for Mississippi State University, where he holds multiple school rushing records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Martens Peak", "paragraph_text": "Martens Peak () is a rock peak in the northeastern part of the Ford Nunataks, in the Wisconsin Range of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Edward A. Martens, a radioman with the winter party at Byrd Station in 1960 and at McMurdo Station in 1965.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Trinity Hall, Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "Trinity Hall (formally The College or Hall of the Holy Trinity in the University of Cambridge) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the fifth-oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Anthony Edwards (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Edwards (born May 26, 1966 in Casa Grande, Arizona) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles and the Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals. He played college football at New Mexico Highlands University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Yoko Matsuoka McClain", "paragraph_text": "The Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs honored McClain for her contributions to Japanese-U.S. cultural relations in 2003. The University of Oregon College of Arts and Sciences also awarded her the Alumni Fellows Award in 2003. In August 2011, McClain received the Gertrude Bass Warner Award from the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Thomas Kerrich", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Kerrich (1748–1828) was a clergyman, principal Cambridge University librarian (Protobibliothecarius), antiquary, draughtsman and gifted amateur artist. He created one of the first catalogue raisonnés (for the works of artist Marten van Heemskerck).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Imperial College London", "paragraph_text": "Imperial College Union, the students' union at Imperial College, is run by five full-time sabbatical officers elected from the student body for a tenure of one year, and a number of permanent members of staff. The Union is given a large subvention by the university, much of which is spent on maintaining around 300 clubs, projects and societies. Examples of notable student groups and projects are Project Nepal which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal and the El Salvador Project, a construction based project in Central America. The Union also hosts sports-related clubs such as Imperial College Boat Club and Imperial College Gliding Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Marten Yorgantz", "paragraph_text": "Marten Yorgantz (born 24 June 1946 in Istanbul) is a popular French-Armenian singer and composer. He is recognized as a popular Armenian singer in Europe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Experiments in Ethics", "paragraph_text": "Experiments in Ethics is a 2008 book by the Princeton philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah. The book is based on a series of lectures delivered by Appiah in 2005 at Bryn Mawr College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema", "paragraph_text": "Cheema was born at Sialkot and was initially educated at Sialkot, later on he moved to Government College, Lahore where he completed his Master's in History. He also did Master's in Political Science from Punjab University, Certificate in Peace Research and International Relations from Oslo University (Norway), Diploma in International Relations from Vienna University (Austria), M. Litt. in Strategic Studies from Aberdeen University (U.K.) and Ph.D. from Quaid-i-Azam University (Pakistan).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Aneek Chatterjee", "paragraph_text": "Aneek Chatterjee graduated from Presidency College. He completed his MA from the same college and did M.Phil. at Calcutta University. He did Ph.D. at Jadavpur University on the topic \"India-U.S. Relations at the End of the Twentieth Century\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 123401, "question": "Which college or university is related with Anthony Marten?", "answer": "Trinity Hall", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 516437, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "Cambridge", "University of Cambridge", "Cambridge University" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Dodge 400", "paragraph_text": "The Dodge 400 was a mid-size car built by Dodge. It was similar to the Chrysler LeBaron of the same era. The 400 was introduced for the 1982 model year but renamed and merged into the Dodge 600 lineup just two years later. An improved version of Chrysler's K-cars, it was called the Super K platform.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Presidential state car (United States)", "paragraph_text": "In late December 1963, the car was sent back to Hess & Eisenhardt to be modified further, and was rebuilt from the ground up. For protection, the Lincoln received titanium armor plating, bullet - resistant glass and a bulletproof permanent roof. Solid aluminium rims were also fitted inside the tires to make them flat - proof. It remained in service for an additional eight years, logging 50,000 miles on the ground and over one million miles being flown to and from its destinations. The vehicle was equipped with Presidential lap robes and mouton carpeting and a complete communications system including radio patch to the White House. It was replaced in 1967 and remained in service doing less important duties until 1978, when it was retired to the Henry Ford Museum. Finished originally in navy blue, the car was repainted black after the assassination, then repainted again after each assignment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Colda", "paragraph_text": "The Colda was a French automobile manufactured from 1921 until 1922. The company was based in Paris; the cars were built with an 1847cc four-cylinder engine produced by Sergant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Nanceene", "paragraph_text": "The Nanceene was a French automobile manufactured from 1900 until around 1903. The company built cars and trucks similar to the Gobron-Brillié.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Pacific series (railcar)", "paragraph_text": "The Pacific series is a fleet of fifty lightweight streamlined sleeping cars built by the Budd Company for the Union Pacific Railroad in 1949–1950. Each car contained ten roomettes and six double bedrooms. Union Pacific sold several to the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (the \"Milwaukee Road\") in the late 1960s; Amtrak purchased most of the fleet in the early 1970s. Several remain in use as business cars.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Peugeot Type 125", "paragraph_text": "The Peugeot Type 125 was a midrange car from Peugeot produced in 1910. In less than a year of production, 150 units were built at their Audincourt factory. The car was billed as sporty; top speed from the 1.1 L engine was .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "SS Athenic", "paragraph_text": "SS \"Athenic was a British passenger liner built by Harland & Wolff shipyards for the White Star Line in 1901. In 1928, she came to a Norwegian company and was renamed SS \"Pelagos. Torpedoed in 1944, she was refloated the following year and continued to serve until her demolition in 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "White Motor Company", "paragraph_text": "The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ford Mustang (third generation)", "paragraph_text": "The third - generation Mustang was produced by Ford from 1978 until 1993. Built on Ford's Fox platform (and thus commonly referred to as the ``Fox ''or`` Foxbody'' Mustang), it evolved through a number of sub-models, trim levels, and drivetrain combinations during its production life. It underwent updates for 1987, and for a time seemed destined for replacement with a front - wheel drive Mazda platform. However, company executives were swayed by consumer opinion and the rear - wheel drive Mustang stayed, while the front wheel drive version was renamed the Ford Probe. Enthusiasts group the generation into two segments: the 1979 - 1986 cars, with their quad headlight arrangement, and the 1987 - 1993 cars, with their aerodynamic composite headlamps and front fascia styling. Production ended with the introduction of the fourth - generation Mustang (SN - 95) for the 1994 model year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rebour", "paragraph_text": "The Rebour was a French automobile manufactured from 1905 until 1908. The Puteaux company built \"luxury touring cars\" and cabs; their model range consisted of 10/12 hp, 18/22 hp, 20/25 hp, and 40/50hp cars. Each was powered by a pair-cast four-cylinder engine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Manor series", "paragraph_text": "The Manor series is a fleet of 42 lightweight streamlined sleeping cars built by the Budd Company for the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1954–1955. Each contained five bedrooms, one compartment, four sections and four roomettes. The cars were named for distinguished English Canadians. Via Rail acquired the fleet from the Canadian Pacific in 1978 and the cars remain in active service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "McLaren 12C", "paragraph_text": "The McLaren MP4-12C, later known simply as the McLaren 12C, is a sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive. It is the first ever production car wholly designed and built by McLaren, and their first production road car produced since the McLaren F1, which ended production in 1998. The car's final design was unveiled in September 2009 and was launched in mid-2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Château series", "paragraph_text": "The Château series is a fleet of 29 lightweight streamlined sleeping cars built by the Budd Company for the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1954. Each contained eight duplex roomettes, four sections, three bedrooms, and one drawing room. The cars were named for distinguished French Canadians. Via Rail acquired the fleet from the Canadian Pacific in 1978 and the cars remain in active service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Car", "paragraph_text": "A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of car say they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four tires, and mainly transport people rather than goods. Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz built his Benz Patent - Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars that were accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal - drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Halford Special", "paragraph_text": "The Halford Special was a Grand Prix racing car of the 1920s built by engine designer Major Frank Halford on the chassis of an early Side Valve Aston Martin tourer. It was one of the most advanced British-built racing cars of the mid-1920s and had many racing successes. Halford himself was a freelance engine designer who did work for both the de Havilland Aircraft Company and Napier & Son.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Pontiac G6", "paragraph_text": "The Pontiac G6 is a midsize car that was produced by General Motors under the Pontiac brand. It was introduced in 2004 for the 2005 model year to replace the Grand Am. The car was built on the GM Epsilon platform which it shared with the Chevrolet Malibu and Saab 9 - 3 along with other General Motors vehicles. Features included a remote starting system (standard on GT, optional on base model), traction control / ABS, electronic stability control, automatic headlights as well as a panoramic sunroof option. Production ended in 2010 with the discontinuation of the Pontiac line.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "White armored car", "paragraph_text": "The White armored car was a series of armored cars developed by the White Motor Company in Cleveland, Ohio from 1915.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Skyline series", "paragraph_text": "The Skyline series is a fleet of 18 lightweight streamlined dome-buffet-lounge cars built by the Budd Company for the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1954–55. Via Rail acquired the fleet from the Canadian Pacific in 1978 and the cars remain in active service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mitsubishi PX33", "paragraph_text": "The Mitsubishi PX33 is a prototype passenger car built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the company which would eventually sire Mitsubishi Motors. Commissioned for military use by the Japanese government in 1934, it was the first Japanese-built sedan to have full-time four-wheel drive, a technology the company would return to fifty years later in pursuit of motorsport success. Four working prototypes were built, and a version was in development using Mitsubishi's 6.7 litre, \"445AD\" powerplant, Japan's first direct injection diesel engine. However, the entire PX33 project was cancelled in 1937 after the government decided to prioritize Mitsubishi's manufacturing capabilities on commercial development of trucks and buses. In 1937, another Japanese company Tokyu Kurogane Kogyo began production of a smaller four-wheel drive car called the Kurogane Type 95.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Davidson-Cadillac armored car", "paragraph_text": "The Davidson-Cadillac armored car of 1915 was developed on a Cadillac chassis by Royal Page Davidson and the cadets of the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. This military vehicle is the \"first true\" fully armored vehicle made in the United States because it was built specifically just for that purpose and was not a conversion of an automobile or truck.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132812, "question": "What company built White armored car?", "answer": "White Motor Company", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 120632, "question": "What year was the end of #1 ?", "answer": "1980", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Computational complexity theory", "paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery", "paragraph_text": "Thorn Kief Hillsbery is an American novelist. He is the author of \"War Boy\" and \"What We Do Is Secret\", which was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award. He was born in Portland, Oregon, and attended Evergreen State College. He currently lives in Manhattan, and teaches a creative writing workshop at Columbia University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Roland Garros (aviator)", "paragraph_text": "A tennis centre, which he attended religiously when he was studying in Paris, was named after him in the 1920s, the Stade de Roland Garros. The stadium accommodates the French Open, one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. Consequently, the tournament is officially called Les internationaux de France de Roland - Garros (the ``French Internationals of Roland Garros '').", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jannon Roland", "paragraph_text": "Alma Jannon Roland (born February 3, 1975) (better known as Jannon Roland) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Orlando Miracle of the WNBA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ross Leckie", "paragraph_text": "Ross Leckie attended Drumtochty Castle Preparatory School and Fettes College; at Fettes he gained his interest in classical literature. He studied classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was also President of the Junior Common Room.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Roland Moyle", "paragraph_text": "Moyle was born in March 1928. His father was Arthur Moyle who was a Labour Member of Parliament and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Clement Attlee. Moyle was educated in Bexleyheath and Llanidloes, and at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he chaired the Labour Club in 1953.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Doc Powell", "paragraph_text": "Doc Powell is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He was born and raised in Spring Valley, New York. He attended college at University of Charleston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "New Waterford Girl", "paragraph_text": "New Waterford Girl is a Canadian drama-comedy film, released in 1999, directed by Allan Moyle, and written by Tricia Fish.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Class reunion", "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Marc Garneau", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau was born on February 23, 1949, in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. He attended primary and secondary schools in Quebec City and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering Physics from the Royal Military College of Canada in 1970, and in 1973 received a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering from the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England. From 1982 to 1983, he attended the Canadian Forces College in Toronto.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roland Garros (aviator)", "paragraph_text": "A tennis centre constructed in Paris in the 1920s was named after him, the Stade Roland Garros. The stadium accommodates the French Open, one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. Consequently, the tournament is officially called Les Internationaux de France de Roland - Garros (the ``French Internationals of Roland Garros '').", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Guybon Atherstone", "paragraph_text": "Atherstone was the son of William Guybon Atherstone (medical practitioner, naturalist, geologist and MP) and was born in Grahamstown on 20 June 1843, he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown and King's College London where he qualified as a civil engineer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "List of Sofia the First characters", "paragraph_text": "Queen Miranda (voiced by Sara Ramirez) - Born Miranda Cordova, she is Sofia's mother, Roland's current wife, and the stepmother of the royal twins. She was a cobbler until she married King Roland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gene Hiser", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the baseball team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Stephen Bann", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Bann CBE, FBA (born 1 August 1942 in Manchester, England) is the Emeritus Professor of History of Art at the University of Bristol. He attended Winchester College and King's College, Cambridge, attaining his PhD in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Henry Thacker", "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Parody Album", "paragraph_text": "The Parody Album is the debut album by DJ Chris Moyles, host of \"The Chris Moyles Show\" on BBC Radio 1. It was released on 23 November 2009 and charted at number 17 in the UK Official Album Chart and has since sold over 100,000 copies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Trinity Hall, Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "Trinity Hall (formally The College or Hall of the Holy Trinity in the University of Cambridge) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the fifth-oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Song of Roland", "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne and his men, tired of fighting, accept his peace offer and select a messenger to Marsile's court. The protagonist Roland, Charlemagne's nephew, nominates his stepfather Ganelon as messenger. Ganelon, who fears to be murdered by the enemy and accuses Roland of intending this, takes revenge by informing the Saracens of a way to ambush the rear guard of Charlemagne's army, led by Roland, as the Franks re-enter France through the mountain passes.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121564, "question": "The college Roland Moyle attended was what?", "answer": "Trinity Hall", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 516437, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Cambridge", "University of Cambridge" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium is the main stadium for Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, United States. Construction began in 2000 at a cost of approximately $22 million. With a capacity of 12,300 people (10,300 seating and 2,000 standing), it is the largest outdoor facility in Suffolk County. The stadium is home to the Division I Stony Brook Seawolves and their football, men's soccer, women's soccer, men's lacrosse, and women's lacrosse teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Mohammad Shahid Jabbar", "paragraph_text": "Mohammad Shahid Jabbar is the current head coach of the Odisha women's football team. He served as the head coach of the India women's national football team from 2010 to 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Germany women's national football team", "paragraph_text": "In 1955, the DFB decided to forbid women's football in all its clubs in West Germany. In its explanation, the DFB cited that \"this combative sport is fundamentally foreign to the nature of women\" and that \"body and soul would inevitably suffer damage\". Further, the \"display of the body violates etiquette and decency\". In spite of this ban, more than 150 unofficial international matches were played in the 1950s and 1960s. On 30 October 1970, the ban on women's football was lifted at the DFB annual convention.Other football associations had already formed official women's national teams in the 1970s, the DFB long remained uninvolved in women's football. In 1981, DFB official Horst R. Schmidt was invited to send a team to the unofficial women's football world championship. Schmidt accepted the invitation but hid the fact that West Germany had no women's national team at the time. To avoid humiliation, the DFB sent the German club champions Bergisch Gladbach 09, who went on to win the tournament. Seeing a need, the DFB established the women's national team in 1982. DFB president Hermann Neuberger appointed Gero Bisanz, an instructor at the Cologne Sports College, to set up the team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a \"golden age\" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 December 1921 when England's Football Association voted to ban the game from grounds used by its member clubs. The FA's ban was rescinded in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognise women's football in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Football at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Association football has been included in every Summer Olympic Games as a men's competition sport, except 1896 and 1932. Women's football was added to the official program in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Cheerleading", "paragraph_text": "Princeton class of 1882 graduate Thomas Peebles moved to Minnesota in 1884. He transplanted the idea of organized crowds cheering at football games to the University of Minnesota. The term ``Cheer Leader ''had been used as early as 1897, with Princeton's football officials having named three students as Cheer Leaders: Thomas, Easton, and Guerin from Princeton's classes of 1897, 1898, and 1899, respectively, on October 26, 1897. These students would cheer for the team also at football practices, and special cheering sections were designated in the stands for the games themselves for both the home and visiting teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "History of McDonald's", "paragraph_text": "1972: The first McDonald's in France opens, in Créteil, even though the company officially recognizes the first outlet in Strasbourg in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Azaruddin Aziz", "paragraph_text": "Azaruddin Aziz (born 7 January 1971) is a former Malaysian footballer who was a midfielder for Pahang and the Malaysia national football team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Julie Laipply", "paragraph_text": "Julie Laipply (born 1978) also known as Julie Marie Carrier or Julie Carrier is a speaker and author who is recognized for her work promoting youth leadership and self-esteem in young women.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Women's suffrage in Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. In 1991 following a decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Appenzell Innerrhoden became the last Swiss canton to grant women the vote on local issues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Anne Montgomery", "paragraph_text": "Anne Butler Montgomery (born 1955) is an American sportscaster, sports official, author and teacher. She was among the first women sportscasters on television, and is reported to be the only woman high school football referee in the state of Arizona.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of Major League Baseball no-hitters", "paragraph_text": "Through May 8, 2018, there have been 299 no - hitters officially recognized by Major League Baseball, 256 of them in the modern era (starting in 1901, with the formation of the American League). Joe Borden's no - hitter in 1875 is also noted, but is not recognized by Major League Baseball (see note in the chart).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Naisten Liiga", "paragraph_text": "Naisten Liiga (, Women's League) is the premier division of women's football in Finland. It was established in 2006 as the successor of 1971 founded Naisten SM-sarja (The Championship Series). The first Naisten Liiga season was played in 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Timeline of women's suffrage", "paragraph_text": "Some women in the Isle of Man (geographically part of the British Isles but not part of the United Kingdom) gained the right to vote in 1881. Though it did not achieve nationhood until 1907, the colony of New Zealand was the first self - governing country in the world in which all women had the right to vote in, but not to stand for, parliamentary elections in 1893, followed closely by the colony of South Australia in 1894 (which, unlike New Zealand, allowed women to stand for Parliament). In Sweden, conditional women's suffrage was granted during the age of liberty between 1718 and 1772.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "FA Women's Super League", "paragraph_text": "The Football Association Women's Super League (FA WSL) is the highest league of women's football in England. The league consists of two divisions, the WSL 1 and the WSL 2. It is run by the Football Association and began in April 2011. An initial eight teams competed in one division, which replaced the FA Women's Premier League as the highest level of women's football in England. The current WSL 1 champions are Chelsea, who won the one - off FA WSL Spring Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Catalan language", "paragraph_text": "Nowadays, France only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Medkila IL", "paragraph_text": "Medkila IL's is a football team from Harstad in North Norway, most notable for its women's football team which is playing in the Toppserien, the first tier of Norwegian women's football.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Professional wrestling", "paragraph_text": "The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when Mildred Burke won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956. The NWA, however, ceased to acknowledge Burke as their Women's World champion in 1954, and instead acknowledged June Byers as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year. Upon Byers' retirement in 1964, The Fabulous Moolah, who won a junior heavyweight version of the NWA World Women's Championship (the predecessor to the WWE's Women's Championship) in a tournament back in 1958, was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Arsenal F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties. These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time. After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury. The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs, and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season. The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million; some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names. The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until the end of the 2018–19 season. From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 35440, "question": "In 1971, who officially recognized women's football?", "answer": "UEFA", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 35465, "question": "What does #1 Stand for?", "answer": "European Championship", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Tuvalu", "paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum", "paragraph_text": "The planned referendum was included in the Queen's Speech on 27 May 2015. It was suggested at the time that Cameron was planning to hold the referendum in October 2016, but the European Union Referendum Act 2015, which authorised it, went before the House of Commons the following day, just three weeks after the election. On the bill's second reading on 9 June, members of the House of Commons voted by 544 to 53 in favour, endorsing the principle of holding a referendum, with only the Scottish National Party voting against. In contrast to the Labour Party's position prior to the 2015 general election under Miliband, acting Labour leader Harriet Harman committed her party to supporting plans for an EU referendum by 2017.To enable the referendum to take place, the European Union Referendum Act was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It extended to include and take legislative effect in Gibraltar, and received royal assent on 17 December 2015. The Act was, in turn, confirmed, enacted and implemented in Gibraltar by the European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar), which was passed by the Gibraltar Parliament and entered into law upon receiving the assent of the Governor of Gibraltar on 28 January 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Campo de Gibraltar", "paragraph_text": "Campo de Gibraltar (, \"Gibraltar Countryside\") is a comarca (county) in the province of Cádiz, Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia, the southernmost part of mainland Europe. It comprises the municipalities of Algeciras, La Línea de la Concepción, San Roque, Los Barrios, Castellar de la Frontera, Jimena de la Frontera and Tarifa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Association football", "paragraph_text": "The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would adhere to Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The growing popularity of the international game led to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the International Football Association Board in 1913. The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of the four British associations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "European Club Association", "paragraph_text": "Formed on the dissolution of the G-14 group in January 2008, as from the 2017-19 membership cycle, the European Club Association represents 232 clubs, made up of 109 Ordinary Members and 123 Associated Members, with at least one from each of the 54 national associations. The precise number of Ordinary Member clubs from each member association will be established every two years at the end of the UEFA season on the basis of the UEFA ranking of its member associations according to the following principles:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "George Palao", "paragraph_text": "George L. Palao BEM (4 October 1940, Kensington, United Kingdom - 2009, Gibraltar) was a Gibraltarian historian and potholer and illustrator. He was particularly known for his excavations and finds in many caves of Gibraltar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Shanballymore GAA", "paragraph_text": "Shanballymore GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club, based in the village of Shanballymore, located in the northern part of County Cork, Ireland. The club fields both Gaelic football and hurling teams. It is a member of the Avondhu division of Cork GAA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Strait of Gibraltar", "paragraph_text": "The Strait of Gibraltar (Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق ‎ ‎, Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Gibraltar and Peninsular Spain in Europe from Morocco and Ceuta (Spain) in Africa. The name comes from the Rock of Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic Jebel Tariq (meaning ``Tariq's mountain '') named after Tariq ibn Ziyad. It is also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, the Gut of Gibraltar (although this is mostly archaic), the STROG (Strait Of Gibraltar) in naval use, and Bab Al Maghrib (Arabic: باب المغرب ‎ ‎),`` Gate of the West''. In the Middle Ages, Muslims called it Al - Zuqaq, ``The Passage '', the Romans called it Fretum Gatitanum (Strait of Cadiz), and in the ancient world it was known as the`` Pillars of Hercules'' (Ancient Greek: αἱ Ἡράκλειοι στῆλαι).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2014–15 UEFA Europa League", "paragraph_text": "Starting from this edition, the UEFA Europa League winners automatically qualify for the subsequent UEFA Champions League season even if they do not qualify for the Champions League through their domestic performance. Therefore, the winners of this tournament qualify for the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League. They are guaranteed to enter at least the play-off round, and since the group stage berth reserved for the Champions League title holders will not be used (the winners of the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League are guaranteed to qualify for the group stage through domestic performance), they will be elevated to enter the group stage via this berth.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Cumann Peile Na bPiarsaigh (Gaillimhe)", "paragraph_text": "Cumann Peile Na bPiarsaigh is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the Ros Muc, Camus and Recess areas in Conamara, County Galway, Ireland. The club is a member of the Galway GAA. Cumann Peile Na bPiarsaigh GAA Club caters for large numbers of young boys and girls and adults who play Football and Ladies Football in the parishes of Ros Muc, Camus and Recess.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Glenamaddy GAA", "paragraph_text": "Glenamaddy GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Glenamaddy, County Galway, Ireland. The club is a member of the Galway GAA. Glenamaddy compete in the Galway Intermediate Football Championship yet they have not won the competition in their history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "General Satellite", "paragraph_text": "Russian company General Satellite took up an active stand in a campaign against copyright infringement. The company is an associated member of European Association for the Protection of Encrypted Works and Services (AEPOC). According to General Satellite information, up to 25% of satellite receivers in Russia are unauthorized.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "St Blazey A.F.C.", "paragraph_text": "St Blazey Association Football Club is an English football club based in St Blazey, Cornwall. They compete in the . The club was formed in 1896 as a Junior side, attaining Senior status in 1910. St Blazey were a founding member of the South Western League in 1951, which they competed in until 2007 when the league merged with its Devon equivalent, the Devon County League, to form the South West Peninsula League.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibraltar", "paragraph_text": "The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibraltar (also called The Sortie made by the Garrison of Gibraltar in the Morning of the 27 of November 1781) is a 1789 oil-on-canvas painting by American artist John Trumbull. The painting shows a key point in Gibraltar's history when the Great Siege of Gibraltar was undertaken by the Spanish against the British at Gibraltar in November 1781. The Spanish officer Don Jose de Barboza is being given respect as he lies dying. Although left behind by his own retreating troops, he still unsuccessfully attacked the British troops with chivalry.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Dromcollogher/Broadford GAA", "paragraph_text": "Dromcollogher/Broadford GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) located in the parish of Dromcollogher-Broadford in County Limerick, Ireland. It is a member of the West Division of Limerick GAA. The club has had some successes in the Limerick Senior Football Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Russia in 2018, was won by France, who beat Croatia 4 -- 2 in regulation time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Trevor Laughlin", "paragraph_text": "In addition, Laughlin was also an Australian rules footballer who played for Mordialloc Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR", "paragraph_text": "The Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR (DFV) was from 1958 the football association of the (East) German Democratic Republic, fielding the East Germany national football team until 1990 before rejoining its counterpart, the German Football Association (DFB), which had been founded in 1900.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "FIFA World Cup", "paragraph_text": "The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 368142, "question": "Gibraltar Football Association >> member of", "answer": "UEFA", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 35465, "question": "What does #1 Stand for?", "answer": "European Championship", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of Britain's Got Talent finalists", "paragraph_text": "Opera singer Paul Potts won the first series of the competition in 2007, street dancer George Sampson won the second series in 2008, dance troupe Diversity won the third series in 2009, gymnast troupe Spelbound won the fourth series in 2010, singer Jai McDowall won the fifth series in 2011, dancing dog act Ashleigh and Pudsey won the sixth series in 2012, shadow theatre group, Attraction won the seventh series in 2013, classical singers Collabro won the eighth series in 2014, and musical canine freestyle act Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse won the ninth series in 2015. Magician Richard Jones won the tenth series in 2016. Pianist Tokio Myers won the eleventh series in 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Larry Phillips (racing driver)", "paragraph_text": "Larry Phillips (July 3, 1942 – September 21, 2004) was an American racing driver and race car builder with a driving career starting in 1960 and running until 2001, the only person to win the NASCAR Weekly Series national championship five times. He won that title in 1989, 1991, 1992, 1995, and 1996. As a driver, he won seven NASCAR Weekly Series regional championships and thirteen track championships.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "List of best Major League Baseball season win-loss records", "paragraph_text": "Season Franchise League Wins Losses Pct. Finish 1906 Chicago Cubs NL 116 36. 763 Lost 1906 World Series 1902 Pittsburg Pirates NL 103 36. 741 National League Champions 1886 Chicago White Stockings NL 90 34. 726 Lost 1886 World Series 1909 Pittsburg Pirates NL 110 42. 724 Won 1909 World Series 1954 Cleveland Indians AL 111 43. 721 Lost 1954 World Series Seattle Mariners AL 116 46. 716 Lost 2001 ALCS 1927 New York Yankees AL 110 44. 714 Won 1927 World Series 1886 Detroit Wolverines NL 87 36. 707 2nd place in National League 1897 Boston Beaneaters NL 93 39. 705 Lost 1897 Temple Cup 1907 Chicago Cubs NL 107 45. 704 Won 1907 World Series 1931 Philadelphia Athletics AL 107 45. 704 Lost 1931 World Series 1998 New York Yankees AL 114 48. 704 Won 1998 World Series 1887 St. Louis Browns AA 95 40. 704 Lost 1887 World Series 1939 New York Yankees AL 106 45. 702 Won 1939 World Series", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Boston Red Sox", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. In addition, they won the 1904 American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 world championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in a World Series. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hot Stove", "paragraph_text": "Hot Stove is an offseason baseball talk show that airs on MLB Network and is simulcast on MLB Network Radio. The show offers the coverage of offseason activities including trades, free agent signings, and rumors. It is taped live in \"Studio K\" of the MLB Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey. Prior to its restructure to a talk show in 2012, it replaced \"MLB Tonight\" as the signature show of the network during the off season. As such it was taped live in Studio 3, but also featured segments taped in Studio 42. The program airs from after the World Series and before spring training.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Horrible Geography", "paragraph_text": "Horrible Geography is a series of children's non-fiction books written by Anita Ganeri, illustrated by Mike Phillips, and published in the UK by Scholastic. It is a spin-off from the \"Horrible Histories\" series, and is designed to get children interested in geography.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2007 Rexall Grand Prix of Edmonton", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 Rexall Grand Prix of Edmonton was the eighth round of the 2007 Champ Car World Series Season, and was held on July 22, 2007 at Rexall Speedway in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The race was won by Sébastien Bourdais followed by Justin Wilson and Graham Rahal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2007 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2007 season. The 103rd edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Colorado Rockies and the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox; the Red Sox swept the Rockies in four games. It was the Rockies' first appearance in a World Series. The Red Sox's victory was their second World Series championship in four seasons and their seventh overall; it also marked the third sweep in four years by the AL champions. The series began on Wednesday, October 24 and ended on Sunday, October 28.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cédric Ravanel", "paragraph_text": "Cédric Ravanel (born 26 November 1978 in Sallanches, Haute-Savoie) is a French professional mountain biker. He won two silver medals in men's cross-country racing at the 2004 UCI World Championships in Les Gets, and at the second stage of the 2007 UCI World Cup series in Offenburg, Germany. Ravanel also represented his nation France at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and has been training and racing professionally for numerous seasons on Team Lapierre International and GT Skoda Chamonix.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "2009 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2009 season. The 105th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff contested between the Philadelphia Phillies, champions of the National League (NL) and defending World Series champions, and the New York Yankees, champions of the American League (AL). The Yankees defeated the Phillies, 4 games to 2, to win their 27th World Series championship. The series was played between October 28 and November 4, broadcast on Fox, and watched by an average of roughly 19 million viewers. Due to the start of the season being pushed back by the 2009 World Baseball Classic in March, this was the first World Series regularly scheduled to be played into the month of November. This series was a rematch of the 1950 World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "John Juanda", "paragraph_text": "Johnson \"John\" Juanda (born July 8, 1971) is an Indonesian-born American professional poker player based in Marina del Rey, California. He has won five World Series of Poker bracelets. He is best known for getting a hand of three queens on camera at the 2007 Crown Australian Poker Championship Main Event in a hand against Patrik Antonius and Antanas Guoga.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "World Series", "paragraph_text": "American League (AL) teams have won 65 of the 113 World Series played (57.5%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.9% of all series played and 41.5% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.7% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 2. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Brandon Phillips", "paragraph_text": "Brandon Phillips Phillips in 2011 Free agent Second baseman Born: (1981 - 06 - 28) June 28, 1981 (age 37) Raleigh, North Carolina Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut September 13, 2002, for the Cleveland Indians MLB statistics (through September 5, 2018) Batting average. 275 Hits 2,029 Home runs 211 Runs batted in 951 Stolen bases 209 Runs 1,004 Teams Cleveland Indians (2002 -- 2005) Cincinnati Reds (2006 -- 2016) Atlanta Braves (2017) Los Angeles Angels (2017) Boston Red Sox (2018) Career highlights and awards World Series champion (2018) 3 × All - Star (2010, 2011, 2013) 4 × Gold Glove Award (2008, 2010, 2011, 2013) Silver Slugger Award (2011) Fielding Bible Award (2008) 30 -- 30 club (2007)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cleveland Indians", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2015 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2015 season. The 111th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 27 and November 1, with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1. It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November. The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series to win the World Series after losing in the previous year. It was the first World Series to feature only expansion teams and the first since the 2007 World Series to not feature the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, or San Francisco Giants as the NL champions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Carlos Beltrán", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Beltrán Beltrán with the Houston Astros in 2017 Center fielder / Right fielder Born: (1977 - 04 - 24) April 24, 1977 (age 40) Manatí, Puerto Rico Batted: Switch Threw: Right MLB debut September 14, 1998, for the Kansas City Royals Last MLB appearance October 1, 2017, for the Houston Astros MLB statistics Batting average. 279 Hits 2,725 Home runs 435 Runs batted in 1,587 Teams Kansas City Royals (1998 -- 2004) Houston Astros (2004) New York Mets (2005 -- 2011) San Francisco Giants (2011) St. Louis Cardinals (2012 -- 2013) New York Yankees (2014 -- 2016) Texas Rangers (2016) Houston Astros (2017) Career highlights and awards 9 × All - Star (2004 -- 2007, 2009, 2011 -- 2013, 2016) World Series champion (2017) AL Rookie of the Year (1999) 3 × Gold Glove Award (2006 -- 2008) 2 × Silver Slugger Award (2006, 2007) Roberto Clemente Award (2013) Medals (hide) Men's baseball Representing Puerto Rico World Baseball Classic 2013 San Francisco National team 2017 Los Angeles National team", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2018 Major League Baseball season", "paragraph_text": "2018 MLB season League Major League Baseball Sport Baseball Duration March 29 -- October 31, 2018 Number of games 162 Number of teams 30 Regular season League Postseason World Series MLB seasons ← 2017 2019 →", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of St. Louis Cardinals in the Baseball Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "The St. Louis Cardinals, a Major League baseball (MLB) franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, have competed in the National League (NL) since 1892, and in the American Association (AA) from 1882 to 1891. They have won 11 World Series titles, one additional interleague championship and were co-champions (tied) in another prior to the modern World Series. Known as the Cardinals from 1900 to the present, the St. Louis franchise were also known as the Brown Stockings (1882), Browns (1883 -- 98), and Perfectos (1899). A total of 37 players and other personnel associated with the Cardinals have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 48498, "question": "who won the mlb world series in 2007", "answer": "the Red Sox", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 89314, "question": "where did #1 get phillips from", "answer": "Los Angeles Angels", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "Angels" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Mokihinui River", "paragraph_text": "The Mokihinui River's headwaters are located in the Glasgow Range and its mouth is on the Tasman Sea. There is little human habitation near the river: the localities of Mokihinui and Summerlea are near the river's mouth, Seddonville is a few kilometres up the river, and just prior to its terminus, State Highway 67 crosses the river outside Mokihinui. In the rugged back country behind Seddonville at the Mokihinui Forks, the river splits into two branches, north and south. The catchment of these two branches is a large inland basin of almost wholly unmodified forest.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ko Lamphu", "paragraph_text": "Ko Lamphu (เกาะลำพู) is a small island in the Tapi River, Thailand, about from the river's mouth, near the town center of Surat Thani. It is connected by bridge to the city at the pillar shrine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nepean River", "paragraph_text": "Nepean River (Darug: Yandhai), is a major perennial river, located in the south-west and west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The Nepean River and its associated mouth, the Hawkesbury River, virtually encircle the metropolitan region of Sydney.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Barcoongere River", "paragraph_text": "Barcoongere River, a watercourse of the Wooli Wooli River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kuybyshev Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "Kuybyshev Reservoir or Kuybyshevskoye Reservoir (, \"Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche\", ), sometimes called Samara Reservoir and informally called Kuybyshev Sea, is a reservoir of the middle Volga and lower Kama in the Chuvash Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Oblast and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. The Kuybyshev Reservoir has a surface area of 6,450 km² and a volume of 58 billion cubic meters. It is the largest reservoir in Europe and third in the world by surface area. The major cities of Kazan, Ulyanovsk, and Tolyatti are adjacent to the reservoir.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Maria River (Australia)", "paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Paddys River (South West Slopes, New South Wales)", "paragraph_text": "Paddys River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Newark and New York Railroad", "paragraph_text": "The Newark and New York Railroad was a passenger rail line that ran between Downtown Newark and the Communipaw Terminal at the mouth of the North River (Hudson River) in Jersey City, bridging the Hackensack River and Passaic River just north of their mouths at the Newark Bay in northeastern New Jersey. The Central Railroad of New Jersey operated it from its opening in 1869. Through operation ended in 1946; portions remained in use until 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Vyatka River", "paragraph_text": "The Vyatka River (; ; ; , \"Viče\", , \"Vatka\") is a river in Kirov Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia, a right tributary of the Kama River. It is long, and its drainage basin covers .", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Letka River", "paragraph_text": "Letka River () is a river in the Komi Republic and Kirov Oblast in Russia, an arm of the Vyatka River. The river is long, and its drainage basin covers . The Letka is navigable along its lower reaches.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wallingat River", "paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Libby River", "paragraph_text": "The Libby River is a river in the town of Scarborough, Maine, in the United States. It is tidal in its lower reaches, and it is a tributary of the Scarborough River, joining it just above that river's mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Hjartdøla", "paragraph_text": "Hjartdøla is a river in Hjartdal municipality in Telemark, Norway. The river is formed at the convergence of Skjesvatnet, Breidvatnet and Bjordøla. From here, it runs through Hjartsjå and Hjartdal, before in Heddal it changes its name to the Heddøla, which runs into Heddalsvatnet. The whole watercourse is known as Skiensvassdraget.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Bloukrans River (Garden Route)", "paragraph_text": "The Bloukrans River is a short river located in the Tsitsikamma region of the Garden Route, South Africa. It is located on the border between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. The river mouth is located east of Nature's Valley, the Bloukrans Bridge spans the river near the mouth and the Bloukrans Pass is close by. The river originates near Peak Formosa in the Plettenberg Bay region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Basílica de Vega del Mar", "paragraph_text": "The Basílica de Vega del Mar is a church in Marbella, southern Spain. This is one of the few examples of North African Visigothic churches built in Andalusia during sixth century. It is located near the mouth of the Guadalmina River along an old Roman road which connected Cadiz with Cartagena.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Keating Channel", "paragraph_text": "The Keating Channel is a long waterway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It connects the Don River to inner Toronto Harbour (Toronto Bay) on Lake Ontario. The channel is named after Edward Henry Keating (1844-1912), a city engineer (1892-1898) who proposed the creation of the channel in 1893. The channel was built to connect Ashbridge's Bay to the harbour; later, the Don was diverted into the channel, and its river mouth filled in.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mehi River", "paragraph_text": "Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mummel River", "paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ohlanga River", "paragraph_text": "The Ohlanga River is a river in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which empties into the Indian Ocean just north of Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal, north of Durban. The river has extensive reed beds in the estuary at its mouth, which is only 7 km further southwest from the mouth of the Mdloti River. Presently this river is part of the Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kalajokilaakso", "paragraph_text": "Kalajokilaakso stands for the \"basin of Kalajoki river\", located in Ostrobothnia, Finland. At the mouth of the river, lies the town of Kalajoki. The Kalajoki river runs to the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 157254, "question": "What river does Vyatka River connect to?", "answer": "Kama River", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 439812, "question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse", "answer": "Kuybyshev Reservoir", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "French Constitution of 1791", "paragraph_text": "The National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man, adopted on 27 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791. The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "David Ben-Gurion", "paragraph_text": "On 14 May 1948, on the last day of the British Mandate, Ben-Gurion declared the independence of the state of Israel. In the Israeli declaration of independence, he stated that the new nation would \"uphold the full social and political equality of all its citizens, without distinction of religion, race\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "A presentation tablet, also bearing Bartholdi's name, declares the statue is a gift from the people of the Republic of France that honors \"the Alliance of the two Nations in achieving the Independence of the United States of America and attests their abiding friendship.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred (primarily) on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the ``United States of America, ''and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now sovereign states and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. The signers' names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and John Hancock emerged in the United States as an informal synonym for ``signature ''. Future presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were among the signatories. Edward Rutledge (age 26) was the youngest signer and Benjamin Franklin (age 70) the oldest.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Texas Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington - on - the - Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the following day after mistakes were noted in the text.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "United States", "paragraph_text": "Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration became official when Congress voted for it on July 4; signatures of the delegates were not needed to make it official. The handwritten copy of the Declaration of Independence that was signed by Congress is dated July 4, 1776. The signatures of fifty - six delegates are affixed; however, the exact date when each person signed it has long been the subject of debate. Jefferson, Franklin, and Adams all wrote that the Declaration had been signed by Congress on July 4. But in 1796, signer Thomas McKean disputed that the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Patrick Henry County, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Henry County is an extinct county which was established in Virginia in 1777. It was named in honor of Virginia patriot, Patrick Henry, who was serving as the first Governor of Virginia following the Declaration of Independence at the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would now regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these states formed a new nation -- the United States of America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tata Sons", "paragraph_text": "Tata Sons Limited is the holding company of the Tata Group and holds the bulk of shareholding in these companies. It was established as a trading enterprise in 1868. About 86% of the equity capital of Tata Sons is held by philanthropic trusts endowed by members of the Tata family. The biggest two of these trusts are the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Sir Ratan Tata Trust. Tata Sons is the owner of the Tata name and the Tata trademarks, which are registered in India and several other countries. TCS alone generates 70% revenues of its parent company, Tata Sons. Natarajan Chandrasekaran took over as Chairman of Tata Sons on 21 February 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence", "paragraph_text": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence John Trumbull's painting Declaration of Independence, depicting the five - man drafting committee of the Declaration of Independence presenting their work to the Second Continental Congress Date August 2, 1776 (1776 - 08 - 02) Venue Independence Hall Location Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Coordinates 39 ° 56 ′ 56 ''N 75 ° 09 ′ 00'' W  /  39.948889 ° N 75.15 ° W  / 39.948889; - 75.15 Coordinates: 39 ° 56 ′ 56 ''N 75 ° 09 ′ 00'' W  /  39.948889 ° N 75.15 ° W  / 39.948889; - 75.15 Participants Delegates to the Second Continental Congress", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Statue of Liberty", "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Uzbekistan", "paragraph_text": "On 20 June 1990, Uzbekistan declared its state sovereignty. On 31 August 1991, Uzbekistan declared independence after the failed coup attempt in Moscow. 1 September was proclaimed the National Independence Day. The Soviet Union was dissolved on 26 December of that year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jamnalal Bajaj", "paragraph_text": "Jamnalal Bajaj (4 November 1889 – 11 February 1942) was an Indian industrialist, a philanthropist, and Indian independence fighter. He founded the Bajaj Group of companies in the 1920s, and the group now has 24 companies, including six that are listed on the bourses. He was also a close and beloved associate of Mahatma Gandhi, who is known to have often declared that Jamnalal was his fifth son.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Statue of Liberty play", "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a trick play in American football named after the 1886 Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sons of Liberty (miniseries)", "paragraph_text": "Ben Barnes as Samuel ``Sam ''Adams Marton Csokas as General Thomas Gage Ryan Eggold as Dr. Joseph Warren Michael Raymond - James as Paul Revere Rafe Spall as John Hancock Henry Thomas as John Adams Jason O'Mara as George Washington Dean Norris as Benjamin Franklin Emily Berrington as Margaret Kemble Gage Sean Gilder as Thomas Hutchinson Kevin J. Ryan as John Pitcairn Shane Taylor as Captain Thomas Preston Jimmy Akingbola as Peter Salem", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Independence Day (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Liberty, Grant County, Wisconsin", "paragraph_text": "Liberty is a town in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 552 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Stitzer, Wisconsin is in the town. The town was named from the American ideal of liberty.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 75451, "question": "who wrote their name the biggest on the declaration of independence", "answer": "John Hancock", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 55099, "question": "who plays #1 in sons of liberty", "answer": "Rafe Spall", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Wadi Faran", "paragraph_text": "The Faran Valley (Wadi Faran) (Arabic: وادي فاران) is a valley in central Saudi Arabia. With a population of several thousand mostly Bedouin inhabitants, Wadi Faran is one of the most densely inhabited towns in the interior of Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "King of Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "The kings since Ibn Saud's death have all been his sons, and all likely immediate successors to the reigning King Salman will be from his progeny. Sons of Ibn Saud are considered to have primary claim on the throne of Saudi Arabia. This makes the Saudi monarchy quite distinct from Western monarchies, which usually feature large, clearly defined royal families and orders of succession. The current Crown Prince is the first grandson of Ibn Saud to be in the line of succession.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Dammam", "paragraph_text": "In many ways, the Dammam Area has evolved as the link between Saudi Arabia and the outside world, exporting the Kingdom's products and importing its needs and thriving on the interaction between Saudi Arabia and other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "King of Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "King of Saudi Arabia ملك المملكة العربية السعودية Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia Incumbent Salman since 23 January 2015 Details Heir apparent Mohammad bin Salman First monarch Ibn Saud Formation 22 September 1932 Residence King's Palace", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517) and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa and Europe.The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been a totalitarian absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamist lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called \"the predominant feature of Saudi culture\", with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The state's official language is Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Emirate of Nejd", "paragraph_text": "The Emirate of Nejd was the second Saudi state, existing between 1824 and 1891 in Nejd, the regions of Riyadh and Ha'il of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central and eastern Arabia after the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, having previously been brought down by the Ottoman Empire's Egypt Eyalet in the Ottoman–Wahhabi War (1811–1818).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C. (Arabic: سفارة المملكة العربية السعودية في الولايات المتحدة) is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's main and largest diplomatic mission to the United States. It is located at 601 New Hampshire Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood, near the Watergate complex, and Kennedy Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1921 – 2 May 1951) (Arabic: منصور بن عبد العزيز آل سعود) was the first defense minister of Saudi Arabia and a member of Saudi royal family, House of Saud.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Islamism", "paragraph_text": "Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid. But when Saddam, secularist and Ba'athist dictator of neighboring Iraq, attacked Saudi Arabia (his enemy in the war), western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy. Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Diriyah", "paragraph_text": "Diriyah (), formerly romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya, is a town in Saudi Arabia located on the north-western outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh. Diriyah was the original home of the Saudi royal family, and served as the capital of the Emirate of Diriyah under the first Saudi dynasty from 1744 to 1818. Today, the town is the seat of the Diriyah Governorate, which also includes the villages of Uyayna, Jubayla, and Al-Ammariyyah, among others, and is part of Ar Riyad Province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ahmed Mater", "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Mater (born 1979, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia) is a Saudi artist and physician. His mediums are photography, calligraphy, painting, installation, performance and video. His work, which explores history, the narratives and aesthetics of Islamic culture, and addresses consumerism and transformation taking place in the region and its effects on geopolitics, has attracted an international audience. In 2003, he cofounded \"Edge of Arabia\", an independent arts initiative dedicated to promoting the appreciation of contemporary Arab art and culture, with a focus on Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in the Middle East, the second-largest in the Arab world (after Algeria), the fifth-largest in Asia, and the 12th-largest in the world. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south; it is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains. As of October 2018, the Saudi economy was the largest in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world. Saudi Arabia also has one of the world's youngest populations; 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Wail al-Shehri", "paragraph_text": "Shehri was an elementary school teacher from Khamis Mushait in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. In early 2000, he traveled to Medina to seek treatment for mental problems. He and his younger brother Waleed traveled to Afghanistan in March 2000 and joined an Al-Qaeda training camp. The brothers were chosen, along with others from the same region of Saudi Arabia, to participate in the September 11 attacks. Once selected, Shehri returned to Saudi Arabia in October 2000 to obtain a clean passport, then returned to Afghanistan. In March 2001, he recorded his last will and testament on video.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Muhammad Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Mohammed Al Saud (Arabic:الأمير عبد العزيز بن سلمان بن محمد آل سعود), (born 8 August 1959, Riyadh Saudi Arabia) is a member of Saudi Royal Family. Prince Abdulaziz is reported to be third son of Prince Salman Bin Mohammed Al Saud.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Turki bin Mohamed bin Fahd Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Turki bin Mohamed bin Fahd Al Saud (born 5 October 1979 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is the eldest son of Prince Mohamed bin Fahd bin Saud, the eldest surviving son of the late King Fahd who was former governor of the Eastern Provinces and Jawahir bint Nayef, sister of the one time Crown Prince Muhammad bin Nayef. He is the grandnephew of King Salman, the current King of Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Hamza al-Ghamdi", "paragraph_text": "Born in Saudi Arabia, Hamza left his family to fight in Chechnya and was probably sent to al-Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan where he was chosen to participate in the 9/11 attacks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "King Khalid Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The King Khalid Foundation is a charitable organization established in Saudi Arabia in 2001 by the family of the late King Khalid, who ruled the country from 1975 until his death in 1982.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "House of Saud", "paragraph_text": "The House of Saud has gone through three phases: the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State (1744 -- 1818), marked by the expansion of Wahhabism; the Emirate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State (1824 -- 1891), marked with continuous infighting; and the Third Saudi State (1902 -- present), which evolved into Saudi Arabia in 1932 and now wields considerable influence in the Middle East. The family has had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, the Sharif of Mecca, the Al Rashid family of Ha'il and their vassal houses in Najd, numerous Islamist groups both inside and outside Saudi Arabia and Shia minority in Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Saleh Al-Dawod", "paragraph_text": "Saleh Al-Dawod (24 September 1968, Dir'iya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is a former football player. He was part of the squad for the Saudi Arabia national team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 44118, "question": "who is the ruling king of saudi arabia", "answer": "Salman", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 351644, "question": "#1 of Saudi Arabia >> family", "answer": "Al Saud", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Water in California", "paragraph_text": "The Colorado River originates more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from California in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming and forms the state's southeastern border in the Mojave Desert. Unlike the other California watersheds, essentially all of the water flowing in the Colorado originates outside the state. The Colorado is a critical source of irrigation and urban water for southern California, providing between 55 and 65 percent of the total supply.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters", "paragraph_text": "The Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters is a historic district on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Established from 1926 through the 1930s, the district includes examples of National Park Service Rustic architecture as applied to employee residences, administrative facilities and service structures.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Baccharis brachyphylla", "paragraph_text": "Baccharis brachyphylla is a North American species of shrub in the daisy family, known by the common name shortleaf baccharis or false willow. It is native to the southwestern United States (southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas) and northern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora). It grows in desert habitats such as arroyos and canyons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Grand Canyon", "paragraph_text": "The Grand Canyon (Hopi: Ongtupqa; Yavapai: Wi: kaʼi: la, Navajo: Tsékooh Hatsoh, Spanish: Gran Cañón) is a steep - sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Grand Canyon", "paragraph_text": "Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down - cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Thistle, Utah", "paragraph_text": "Thistle is a ghost town in Spanish Fork Canyon in southeastern Utah County, Utah, United States. During the era of steam locomotives, the town's primary industry was servicing trains for the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (often shortened to D&RG, D&RGW, or Rio Grande). The fortunes of the town were closely linked with those of the railroad until the changeover to diesel locomotives, when the town started to decline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Doheny State Beach", "paragraph_text": "Doheny State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, USA, located on the Pacific Ocean in the city of Dana Point. The beach is a popular surf spot located at the mouth of San Juan Creek, which flows from the Santa Ana Mountains southwest to the beach, where it forms a fresh-water lagoon. It is also one of the most polluted beaches in Southern California.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Candor Chasma", "paragraph_text": "Candor Chasma is one of the largest canyons in the Valles Marineris canyon system on Mars. The feature is geographically divided into two halves: East and West Candor Chasmas, respectively. It is unclear how the canyon originally formed; one theory is that it was expanded and deepened by tectonic processes similar to a graben, while another suggests that it was formed by subsurface water erosion similar to a karst. MRO discovered sulfates, hydrated sulfates, and iron oxides in Candor Chasma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Bromela, California", "paragraph_text": "Bromela is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Bromela is located along the Old Southern Pacific Railroad(Now Union Pacific) south of Arroyo Grande.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Get Water!", "paragraph_text": "Get Water! is a mobile game about the water scarcity in India and South Asia, and the effects it has on girls' education. It is developed by the Montreal-based start-up Decode Global Studio, with the goal to create an educational game which is also entertaining and challenging to play. The game was originally released for iOS on 22 March 2013, on World Water Day, and was ported to Android a year later for World Water Day 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Grand Canyon National Park", "paragraph_text": "Grand Canyon National Park, located in northwestern Arizona, is the 15th site in the United States to have been named a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than six million recreational visitors in 2017, which is the second highest count of all American national parks after Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Grand Canyon", "paragraph_text": "U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt visited the Grand Canyon in 1903. An avid outdoorsman and staunch conservationist, Roosevelt established the Grand Canyon Game Preserve on November 28, 1906. Livestock grazing was reduced, but predators such as mountain lions, eagles, and wolves were eradicated. Roosevelt along with other members of his conservation group, the Boone and Crockett Club helped form the National Parks Association, which in turn lobbied for the Antiquities Act of 1906 which gave Roosevelt the power to create national monuments. Once the act was passed, Roosevelt immediately added adjacent national forest lands and redesignated the preserve a U.S. National Monument on January 11, 1908. Opponents such as land and mining claim holders blocked efforts to reclassify the monument as a U.S. National Park for 11 years. Grand Canyon National Park was finally established as the 17th U.S. National Park by an Act of Congress signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on February 26, 1919.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Diablo Canyon Power Plant", "paragraph_text": "The Diablo Canyon Power Plant is an electricity-generating nuclear power plant near Avila Beach in San Luis Obispo County, California. Since the permanent shutdown of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station in 2013, Diablo Canyon is the only operational nuclear plant left in the state. The plant has two Westinghouse-designed 4-loop pressurized-water nuclear reactors operated by Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Chihuahua (state)", "paragraph_text": "The main mountain range in the state is the Sierra Madre Occidental reaching a maximum altitude of 10,826 ft (3,300 m) known as Cerro Mohinora. Mountains account for one third of the state's surface area which include large coniferous forests. The climate in the mountainous regions varies Chihuahua has more forests than any other state in Mexico making the area a bountiful source of wood; the mountainous areas are rich in minerals important to Mexico's mining industry. Precipitation and temperature in the mountainous areas depends on the elevation. Between the months of November and March snow storms are possible in the lower elevations and are frequent in the higher elevations. There are several watersheds located in the Sierra Madre Occidental all of the water that flows through the state; most of the rivers finally empty into the Río Grande. Temperatures in some canyons in the state reach over 100 °F in the summer while the same areas rarely drop below 32 °F in the winter. Microclimates found in the heart of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the state could be considered tropical, and wild tropical plants have been found in some canyons. La Barranca del Cobre, or Copper Canyon, a spectacular canyon system larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon; the canyon also contains Mexico's two tallest waterfalls: Basaseachic Falls and Piedra Volada. There are two national parks found in the mountainous area of the state: Cumbres de Majalca National Park and Basaseachic Falls National Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Havasupai", "paragraph_text": "The Havasupai people (Havasupai: Havsuw 'Baaja) are an American Indian tribe who have lived in the Grand Canyon for at least the past 800 years. Havasu means ``blue - green water ''and pai`` people''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Southern California", "paragraph_text": "\"Southern California\" is not a formal geographic designation, and definitions of what constitutes southern California vary. Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term. When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term \"southern California\" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state. This definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ma'adim Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Ma'adim Vallis is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars, about 700 km long and significantly larger than Earth's Grand Canyon. It is over 20 km wide and 2 km deep in some places. It runs from a region of southern lowlands thought to have once contained a large group of lakes (see Eridania Lake) north to Gusev crater near the equator. It looks as if water may have collected in Gusev crater, forming a giant lake; the Spirit Rover was sent there to investigate that possibility, but found only volcanic rocks on the floor of Gusev. Any lake deposits were probably covered over by a later deposit of volcanic materials from Apollinaris Mons, a nearby volcano.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Owens River Gorge", "paragraph_text": "The Owens River Gorge is a steep 10 mi (16 km) canyon on the upper Owens River in eastern California in the United States. The canyon is located at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada mountains in southern Mono County, along the stretch of the river where it exits the Long Valley near its source and enters the north end of Owens Valley. The gorge is a popular destination for rock climbing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Mount Goddard", "paragraph_text": "Mount Goddard is a mountain of California's Sierra Nevada, in the north section of Kings Canyon National Park. Goddard forms the southwest boundary of the Evolution Basin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of McLeod's Daughters characters", "paragraph_text": "Not long after the baby was born, Claire and Alex Ryan begin a relationship, with Alex planning to propose to her during a party. Claire, Tess, and baby Charlotte are returning from town with party supplies when their Ute hit a pothole and Claire loses control of the vehicle, and coming to a stop with its front wheels dangling off the edge of a cliff. Tess is able to get out and get Charlotte to safety, but can not get Claire's door open before the Ute starts to slide. It goes over the cliff and into a canyon, killing Claire.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 88376, "question": "where does southern california get most of its water", "answer": "The Colorado River", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 77860, "question": "when did #1 start to form the grand canyon", "answer": "about 5 to 6 million years ago", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "East India Company", "paragraph_text": "East India Company (EIC) Company flag (1801) Coat of arms (1698) Former type Public Industry International trade, Opium trafficking Fate Dissolved, after being mostly nationalised in 1858 Founded 31 December 1600 Founders John Watts, George White Defunct 1 June 1874 (1874 - 06 - 01) Headquarters London, England (Great Britain)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Futura International Airways", "paragraph_text": "Futura International Airways was an airline with its head office in the \"Zona Facturación\" on the property of Palma de Mallorca Airport in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. It operated scheduled services and charter flights for tour operators and other airlines, in Europe, as well as wet lease and ad hoc charters. Its main base was Palma de Mallorca Airport. After failing to re-finance itself the company ceased trading on the 8 September 2008, leaving many passengers stranded in and around Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Kuwait Airways", "paragraph_text": "Kuwait Airways (, ) is the national carrier of Kuwait, with its head office on the grounds of Kuwait International Airport, Al Farwaniyah Governorate. It operates scheduled international services throughout the Middle East, to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, Southeast Asia and North America, from its main base at Kuwait International. Kuwait Airways is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "1934 Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide crash", "paragraph_text": "The 1934 Hillman's Airways de Havilland Dragon Rapide crash occurred on 2 October 1934 when a de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide of Hillman's Airways crashed into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, killing all seven people on board. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Abridge Aerodrome to Le Bourget Airport, Paris. The accident resulted in the first write-off of a Dragon Rapide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Jersey Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Jersey Airlines was an early post-World War II private, independent British airline formed in 1948. In 1952, the airline operated its first scheduled service. Four years later, British European Airways (BEA) took a 25% minority stake in Jersey Airlines and made it an \"associate\". In June 1958, a Jersey Airlines de Havilland Heron became the first commercial airliner to arrive at the newly reconstructed Gatwick Airport. In 1960, Jersey Airlines ordered four state-of-the-art Handley Page Dart Herald 200 series turboprops. By 1962, BEA had sold its 25% minority holding in Jersey Airlines. The same year, Jersey Airlines became part of the British United Airways (BUA) group of companies. In August 1963, Jersey Airlines changed its trading name to British United (C.I.) Airways. Following the BUA group's 1967/8 reorganisation, BUA (C.I.) was absorbed into British United Island Airways (BUIA) in November 1968.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "First Choice Airways", "paragraph_text": "First Choice Airways was a British charter airline of European tour operator TUI Travel PLC, based in Crawley, England until its merger with Thomsonfly to form Thomson Airways (now TUI Airways) in 2008. It flew to more than 60 destinations worldwide from 14 UK and Irish airports. 70% of the airline's services were operated for its parent company, rising to 85% in the summer season, with the remainder on behalf of some 120 other tour operators. It also operated scheduled year-round leisure routes to Cyprus and the resorts of Spain and Portugal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Railtrack", "paragraph_text": "Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002. It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail, listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2002, after experiencing major financial difficulty, most of Railtrack's operations were transferred to the state - controlled non-profit company Network Rail. The remainder of Railtrack was renamed RT Group plc and eventually dissolved on 22 June 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nordic Airways", "paragraph_text": "Nordic Airways was an airline based in Stockholm, Sweden. It operated extensive charter and wet lease services. The company's low-cost airline subsidiary Nordic Regional also operates a scheduled network of services linking five domestic and one international destination. Its main base was Stockholm-Arlanda Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nigeria Airways Flight 825", "paragraph_text": "On 20 November 1969, Nigeria Airways Flight 825, a Vickers VC10 aircraft, crashed while on approach to Lagos International Airport in Lagos, Nigeria killing all 87 people on board.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jat Airways AVIO taxi", "paragraph_text": "Jat Airways AVIO taxi (Serbian Cyrillic: Јат Ервејз АВИО такси) was a taxi airline company in Serbia with bases at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport and Vršac Airport. It was one of the three air taxi companies after Prince Aviation and Air Pink. Jat Airways AVIO Taxi was a subsidiary of the national air carrier of Serbia, Jat Airways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Delta Express", "paragraph_text": "Delta Express was based out of Orlando International Airport, and focused on leisure routes between Florida and the northeast United States, as well as certain parts of the Midwest. It primarily competed with low-cost brands such as Continental Lite and US Airways' MetroJet, and low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines and in the final years of its operation, JetBlue Airways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Afriqiyah Airways", "paragraph_text": "Afriqiyah Airways ( \"Al-Khuṭūṭ al-Jawwiyyah al-Afrīqiyyah\") is a state-owned airline based in Tripoli, Libya. Before the 17 February 2011 revolution, it operated domestic services between Tripoli and Benghazi, and international scheduled services to over 25 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East; since the end of the war, it has been rebuilding its business. Afriqiyah Airways' main base is Tripoli International Airport, and the airline is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Augsburg Airways", "paragraph_text": "On 26 October 2012, Lufthansa announced that it would terminate its contract with Augsburg Airways (which by then served 35 destinations from Munich Airport with its fleet of 15 aircraft) at the end of the 2013 summer season. In a similar manner, the cooperation with Contact Air had ended one year earlier. The last flight by Augsburg Airways under the Lufthansa Regional brand took place on 26 October 2013, and the company with its then 450 employees was subsequently shut down on 31 October.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Air Seychelles", "paragraph_text": "Air Seychelles is the national airline of the Republic of Seychelles. Its head office is located at Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé and it operates inter-island and international flights and charter flights. The airline is currently 40% owned by Etihad Airways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Myanmar Airways International", "paragraph_text": "The airline was founded by the government before independence in 1946 as Union of Burma Airways. It initially operated domestic services only. International services were added in 1950. The name was changed to Burma Airways in December 1972, and then to Myanma Airways on April 1, 1989, following the renaming of the country from Burma to Myanmar. International services were transferred to Myanmar Airways International, which was set up in 1993.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Rank Organisation", "paragraph_text": "In 1995, the Rank Group acquired all the outstanding shares of the Rank Organisation. In spring 1997, Rank sold Rank Film Distributors, including its library of 749 films, to Carlton Television for £65 million and immediately became known as Carlton/RFD Ltd. Pinewood Studios and Odeon Cinemas were both sold off in 2000. The company finally severed its remainings connection with the film industry in 2005 when it sold its DVD distribution business and Deluxe technical support unit.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "1933 Imperial Airways Ruysselede crash", "paragraph_text": "The 1933 Imperial Airways Ruysselede crash occurred on 30 December 1933 when an Imperial Airways Avro Ten collided with one of the radio mast of Belradio at Ruysselede, West Flanders, Belgium and crashed killing all ten people on board. The aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from Cologne, Germany to London, England via Brussels, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Novair International Airways", "paragraph_text": "Novair International Airways was formed on 7 December 1988 following the sole acquisition of Cal Air International by the Rank Organisation.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Air Tanzania", "paragraph_text": "Air Tanzania Company Limited (ATCL) () is the flag carrier airline of Tanzania based in Dar es Salaam with its hub at Julius Nyerere International Airport. It was established as Air Tanzania Corporation (ATC) in 1977 after the dissolution of East African Airways and has been a member of the African Airlines Association since its inception. The airline was wholly owned by the Tanzanian Government until 2002 when it was partially privatised as per the directive of the Bretton Woods Institutions to implement the country's Structural Adjustment Program. The government therefore reduced its shareholding to 51 percent and entered into a partnership with South African Airways.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "GB Airways", "paragraph_text": "GB Airways was a UK airline; prior to its dissolution it was headquartered in \"The Beehive,\" a former terminal building, at City Place Gatwick, London Gatwick Airport in Crawley, West Sussex, England. It operated scheduled services as a British Airways franchise to 30 destinations in Europe and North Africa from Gatwick and as well as Heathrow and Manchester. The company ceased operations on 30 March 2008 following its purchase by EasyJet in January 2008.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 141468, "question": "What company is Novair International Airways part of?", "answer": "Rank Organisation", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 119861, "question": "What year did #1 dissolve?", "answer": "1995", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Extra innings", "paragraph_text": "Ordinarily, a baseball game consists of nine innings (in softball and high school baseball games there are typically seven innings; in Little League, six), each of which is divided into halves: the visiting team bats first, after which the home team takes its turn at bat. However, if the score remains tied at the end of the regulation number of complete innings, the rules provide that ``play shall continue until (1) the visiting team has scored more total runs than the home team at the end of a completed inning; or (2) the home team scores the winning run in an uncompleted inning. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Kevin De Bruyne", "paragraph_text": "On 30 August 2015, Manchester City announced the arrival of De Bruyne on a six - year contract, for a reported club - record fee of £55 million (€75 million) making him the second most expensive transfer in British football history after Ángel Di María's move to Manchester United in 2014. He made his debut for the team in the Premier League on 12 September against Crystal Palace, replacing injured Sergio Agüero in the 25th minute. On 19 September, he scored his first goal for the club against West Ham United in first half stoppage time in an eventual 2 -- 1 loss. He went on to score in a 4 -- 1 League Cup win against Sunderland, on 22 September and a 4 -- 1 loss to Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League on 26 September. On 3 October, he scored in the team's 6 -- 1 win against Newcastle United.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Andy Fuller", "paragraph_text": "Fuller attended J.O. Johnson High School in Huntsville before signing to play at Auburn University. Fuller enjoyed success at Auburn, including being a member of the undefeated 1993 team and receiving first team All-SEC honors in 1994 and 1995. He is perhaps best known for his part in Auburn's upset versus No. 1 ranked Florida on October 15, 1994, where Andy had 7 receptions for 115 yards and a touchdown. During his career at Auburn (1992–1995), he caught 33 passes for 513 yards and five touchdowns.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Devin Hester", "paragraph_text": "Devin Hester Hester with the Chicago Bears in 2008 No. 23, 17, 14 Position: Wide receiver Return specialist Born: (1982 - 11 - 04) November 4, 1982 (age 35) Riviera Beach, Florida Height: 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) Weight: 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school: Riviera Beach (FL) Suncoast College: Miami (FL) NFL Draft: 2006 / Round: 2 / Pick: 57 Career history Chicago Bears (2006 -- 2013) Atlanta Falcons (2014 -- 2015) Baltimore Ravens (2016) Seattle Seahawks (2016) Career highlights and awards 4 × Pro Bowl (2006, 2007, 2010, 2014) 3 × First - team All - Pro (2006, 2007, 2010) Second - team All - Pro (2011) NFL 2000s All - Decade Team NFL records 20 total return touchdowns, career 14 punt return touchdowns, career 6 total return touchdowns, season (tied) Career NFL statistics Receptions: 255 Receiving yards: 3,311 Receiving touchdowns: 16 Return yards: 11,028 Return touchdowns: 20 Player stats at NFL.com Player stats at PFR", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tupãzinho", "paragraph_text": "He was the player who scored the goal that gave the first Brazilian Championship title for Sport Club Corinthians Paulista at 1990.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Floyd Little", "paragraph_text": "Floyd Little At his NFL Hall of Fame ceremony in 2010. No. 44 Position: Halfback Born: (1942 - 07 - 04) July 4, 1942 (age 75) New Haven, Connecticut Height: 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Weight: 196 lb (89 kg) Career information High school: New Haven (CT) Hillhouse College: Syracuse NFL Draft: 1967 / Round: 1 / Pick: 6 Career history Denver Broncos (1967 -- 1975) Career highlights and awards 5 × Pro Bowl (1968 -- 1971, 1973) First - team All - Pro (1969) 2 × Second - team All - Pro (1970, 1971) NFL rushing yards leader (1971) NFL rushing touchdowns leader (1973) Denver Broncos No. 44 retired Denver Broncos Ring of Fame 3 × First - team All - American (1964 -- 1966) Syracuse Orange No. 44 retired Career NFL statistics Rushing yards: 6,323 Rushing average: 3.9 Rushing touchdowns: 43 Receptions: 215 Receiving yards: 2,418 Receiving touchdowns: 9 Player stats at NFL.com Player stats at PFR Pro Football Hall of Fame College Football Hall of Fame", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "American football", "paragraph_text": "American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, which is the team controlling the oval - shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves. The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent's goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hail Mary pass", "paragraph_text": "Crowley often told the story of an October 28, 1922, game between Notre Dame and Georgia Tech in which the Fighting Irish players said Hail Mary prayers together before scoring each of the touchdowns, winning the game 13 - 3. According to Crowley, it was one of the team's linemen, Noble Kizer (a Presbyterian), who suggested praying before the first touchdown, which occurred on a fourth and goal play at the Tech 6 - yard line during the second quarter. Quarterback Harry Stuhldreher, another of the Horsemen, threw a quick pass over the middle to Paul Castner for the score. The ritual was repeated before a third and goal play, again at Tech's six, in the fourth quarter. This time Stuhldreher ran for a touchdown, which sealed the win for Notre Dame. After the game, Kizer exclaimed to Crowley, ``Say, that Hail Mary is the best play we've got. ''Crowley related this story many times in public speeches beginning in the 1930s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Two-point conversion", "paragraph_text": "In American and Canadian football, a two - point conversion or two - point convert is a play a team attempts instead of kicking a one - point conversion immediately after it scores a touchdown. In a two - point conversion attempt, the team that just scored must run a play from close to the opponent's goal line (5 - yard line in amateur Canadian, 3 - yard line in professional Canadian, 3 - yard line in amateur American, 2 - yard line in professional American) and advance the ball across the goal line in the same manner as if they were scoring a touchdown. If the team succeeds, it earns two additional points on top of the six points for the touchdown. If the team fails, no additional points are scored. In either case, if any time remains in the half, the team proceeds to a kickoff.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Tracey Hall", "paragraph_text": "Tracey Hall, or Tracey Hall Yarbrough, is a former women's basketball player for Ohio State University. She became the Big-Ten's first two time Kodak All-American team member competing in 1987 and 1988. At Ohio State University, she still ranks #1 in rebounds, #1 in FG%, #2 in scoring, #3 in steals and #4 in games played.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kabaddi", "paragraph_text": "Kabaddi is a contact team sport. Played between two teams of seven players, the object of the game is for a single player on offence, referred to as a ``raider '', to run into the opposing team's half of a court, tag out as many of their defenders as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders, and in a single breath. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are tagged or tackled, but can be`` revived'' for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Super Dave: Daredevil for Hire", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, the show premiered on September 12, 1992 on FOX. The series was cancelled after its first season, but a special based on the series titled \"The Super Dave Superbowl of Knowledge\" aired on January 29, 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Bears–Packers rivalry", "paragraph_text": "Bears 17, Packers 13 (November 26, 2015) -- On the night of Brett Favre's jersey retirement, the Bears met the Packers at Lambeau Field for a Thanksgiving match - up. With a 4 - 6 record and having lost to the Packers earlier in the year, Chicago entered the game as huge underdogs. While the Bears' offense stalled in the first quarter, the Packers took a 7 - point lead on a touchdown pass from Aaron Rodgers to Eddie Lacy. In the second quarter, the Bears scored two touchdowns, while the Packers settled for two field goals, making the score 14 - 13 at halftime. The Bears scored one more field goal in the fourth quarter while their defense pitched a second half shutout, including a goal line stand in the game's final seconds. The game marked the first and only win for Jay Cutler as a Bears quarterback in Lambeau Field, as well as his first win against the Packers since 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Canadian football", "paragraph_text": "In the CFL, if the game is tied at the end of regulation play, then each team is given an equal number of chances to break the tie. A coin toss is held to determine which team will take possession first; the first team scrimmages the ball at the opponent's 35-yard line and advances through a series of downs until it scores or loses possession. If the team scores a touchdown, starting with the 2010 season, it is required to attempt a 2-point conversion. The other team then scrimmages the ball at the same 35-yard line and has the same opportunity to score. After the teams have completed their possessions, if one team is ahead, then it is declared the winner; otherwise, the two teams each get another chance to score, scrimmaging from the other 35-yard line. After this second round, if there is still no winner, during the regular season the game ends as a tie. In a playoff or championship game, the teams continue to attempt to score from alternating 35-yard lines, until one team is leading after both have had an equal number of possessions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Doug Williams (quarterback)", "paragraph_text": "Douglas Lee Williams (born August 9, 1955) is a former American football quarterback and former head coach of the Grambling State Tigers football team. Williams is known for his remarkable performance with the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXII. Williams, who was named the Super Bowl MVP, passed for a Super Bowl record 340 yards and four touchdowns, with one interception. He was the first African - American starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl. Williams also became the first player in Super Bowl history to pass for four touchdowns in a single quarter, and four in a half. Williams is now a team executive for the Redskins, being hired for that role in 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "J. Braid", "paragraph_text": "J. Braid was a member of the silver medal winning French cricket team at the 1900 Summer Olympics, the only time cricket has featured in the Olympics. In the only match against Great Britain he top scored with 25 in the French first innings, and scored seven runs in their second.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Xavi", "paragraph_text": "Xavi's progression through the teams earned him a first-team appearance in a Copa Catalunya match against Lleida on 5 May 1998 and he scored his first goal on 18 August 1998 in the Super Cup final against Mallorca. His debut in La Liga came against Valencia on 3 October 1998 in a 3–1 victory for Barcelona. Initially featuring intermittently both for the reserve and senior teams, Xavi scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Real Valladolid when Barcelona were in tenth position in the league. Sustained impressive performances meant that he became a key member of Louis van Gaal's title-winning team, finishing his debut season with 26 matches played and being named 1999 La Liga Breakthrough Player of the Year. Xavi became Barcelona's principal playmaker after an injury to Pep Guardiola in the 1999–2000 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game", "paragraph_text": "Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score Plays Yards TOP Ohio State Wisconsin 6: 31 96 1: 15 OSU Terry McLaurin 84 - yard touchdown reception from J.T. Barrett, Sean Nuernburger kick good 7 0 2: 08 0: 36 UW Andrew Van Ginkel 9 - yard interception return, Rafael Gaglianone kick good 7 7 0: 59 75 1: 09 OSU Parris Campbell 54 - yard touchdown reception from J.T. Barrett, Sean Nuernburger kick good 14 7 11: 10 82 1: 05 OSU J.T. Barrett 1 - yard touchdown run, Sean Nuernburger kick good 21 7 3: 42 1: 51 UW 28 - yard field goal by Rafael Gaglianone 21 10 10: 14 8 50 3: 12 UW 46 - yard field goal by Rafael Gaglianone 21 13 7: 25 8 65 2: 49 OSU 27 - yard field goal by Sean Nuernburger 24 13 12: 39 11 52 4: 28 UW Chris James 1 - yard touchdown run, 2 - point pass from Alex Hornibrook complete to Troy Fumagalli 24 21 5: 20 15 72 7: 19 OSU 20 - yard field goal by Sean Nuernburger 27 21 ``TOP ''= time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. 27 21", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chi-Chi's Europe", "paragraph_text": "Chi-Chi's Europe is a branch of the Chi-Chi's Tex-Mex restaurant chain founded in 1975 in Richfield, Minnesota, United States by Marno McDermott and former Green Bay Packers gridiron football player Max McGee.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Super Bowl I", "paragraph_text": "After both teams traded punts on their first possessions of the game, the Packers jumped out to an early 7 -- 0 lead, driving 80 yards in six plays. The drive was highlighted by Starr's passes, to Marv Fleming for 11, to Elijah Pitts for 22 yards on a scramble, and to Carroll Dale for 12 yards. On the last play, Bart Starr threw a pass to reserve receiver Max McGee, who had replaced re-injured starter Boyd Dowler earlier in the drive. (Dowler had injured the shoulder the previous week after scoring a third quarter touchdown; Cowboys defensive back Mike Gaechter had upended him several steps after scoring and he landed awkwardly.) McGee slipped past Chiefs cornerback Willie Mitchell, made a one - handed catch at the 23 - yard line, and then took off for a 37 - yard touchdown reception (McGee had also caught a touchdown pass after replacing an injured Dowler in the NFL championship game). On their ensuing drive, the Chiefs moved the ball to Green Bay's 33 - yard line, but kicker Mike Mercer missed a 40 - yard field goal.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 48365, "question": "who scored the first touchdown in superbowl 1", "answer": "Max McGee", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 604141, "question": "#1 >> member of sports team", "answer": "Green Bay Packers", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Packers" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake", "paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gray's biopsychological theory of personality", "paragraph_text": "The biopsychological theory of personality is similar to another one of Gray's theories, reinforcement sensitivity theory. The Biopsychological Theory of Personality was created after Gray disagreed with Hans Eysenck's arousal theory that dealt with biological personality traits. Eysenck looked at the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) for answering questions about personality. The ARAS is part of the brain structure and has been proposed to deal with cortical arousal, hence the term arousal theory. Eysenck compared levels of arousal to a scale of introversion versus extraversion. The comparison of these two scales was then used to describe individual personalities and their corresponding behavioral patterns. Gray disagreed with Eysenck's theory because Gray believed that things such as personality traits could not be explained by just classical conditioning. Instead, Gray developed his theory which is based more heavily on physiological responses than Eysenck's theory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasius used \"Arian\" to describe both followers of Arius, and as a derogatory polemical term for Christians who disagreed with his formulation of the Trinity. Athanasius called many of his opponents \"Arian\", except for Miletus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kami", "paragraph_text": "Kami is the Japanese word for a god, deity, divinity, or spirit. It has been used to describe mind (心霊), God (ゴッド), supreme being (至上者), one of the Shinto deities, an effigy, a principle, and anything that is worshipped.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nonprofit organization", "paragraph_text": "Instead of being defined by \"non\" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term \"civil society organization\" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term \"citizen sector organization\" (CSO) has also been advocated to describe the sector – as one of citizens, for citizens – by organizations such as Ashoka: Innovators for the Public. A more broadly applicable term, \"Social Benefit Organization\" (SBO) has been advocated for by organizations such as MiniDonations. Advocates argue that these terms describe the sector in its own terms, without relying on terminology used for the government or business sectors. However, use of terminology by a nonprofit of self-descriptive language that is not legally compliant risks confusing the public about nonprofit abilities, capabilities and limitations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Marshall Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Galicia (Spain)", "paragraph_text": "In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of Castile standardized the Castilian language and made it the language of court and government. Nevertheless, in his Kingdom of Galicia the Galician language was the only language spoken, and the most used in government and legal uses, as well as in literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Korean War", "paragraph_text": "Korea was considered to be part of the Empire of Japan as an industrialized colony along with Taiwan, and both were part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In 1937, the colonial Governor-General, General Jirō Minami, commanded the attempted cultural assimilation of Korea's 23.5 million people by banning the use and study of Korean language, literature, and culture, to be replaced with that of mandatory use and study of their Japanese counterparts. Starting in 1939, the populace was required to use Japanese names under the Sōshi-kaimei policy. Conscription of Koreans for labor in war industries began in 1939, with as many as 2 million Koreans conscripted into either the Japanese Army or into the Japanese labor force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "British Isles", "paragraph_text": "The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as \"these islands\". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language. However, Josef Jungmann and other revivalists used Dobrovský's book to advocate for a Czech linguistic revival. Changes during this time included spelling reform (notably, í in place of the former j and j in place of g), the use of t (rather than ti) to end infinitive verbs and the non-capitalization of nouns (which had been a late borrowing from German). These changes differentiated Czech from Slovak. Modern scholars disagree about whether the conservative revivalists were motivated by nationalism or considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal, widespread use.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and \"a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question\". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the \"Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit\". The combined effect is a \"rapid deterioration\" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 3648, "question": "What government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route?", "answer": "Taiwan.", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 36839, "question": "How did the Japanese win #1 ?", "answer": "First Sino-Japanese", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[ "First Sino-Japanese War" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Czech (/ tʃ ɛk /; čeština Czech pronunciation: (ˈtʃɛʃcɪna)), historically also Bohemian (/ boʊˈhiːmiən, bə - /; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech -- Slovak group. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree. Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Numero sign", "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Mahal (1949 film)", "paragraph_text": "Mahal (Hindi: महल, ) is a 1949 Indian Hindi film directed by Kamal Amrohi and starring Ashok Kumar and Madhubala. It was India's first reincarnation thriller film.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Thenum Vayambum", "paragraph_text": "Thenum Vayambum is a 1981 Malayalam film directed by Ashok Kumar, starring Nedumudi Venu, Prem Nazir and Sumalatha in the leading roles, along with Mohanlal and Rani Padmini.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Odisha", "paragraph_text": "Odia is the official language along with English as center state communication. Odia is spoken as a native language by 82.7% of the population according to 2011 census. Other minority languages of the state are Hindi, Telugu, Santali, Kui, Urdu, Bengali and Ho.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Wood Frisian", "paragraph_text": "Wood Frisian (West Frisian: \"Wâldfrysk\") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called \"Wâlden\" (English: \"woods\"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gonja language", "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ancient Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Thenum Paalum", "paragraph_text": "Thenum Paalum () is a 1971 Tamil language drama film directed by P. Madhavan. The film features Sivaji Ganesan, Padmini and B. Saroja Devi in lead roles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the \"equality of all Eritrean languages\". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Languages of India", "paragraph_text": "According to Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in definition of the terms ``language ''and`` dialect''. The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people. Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English. Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, the most widely spoken language in a large region of India today, serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been anti-Hindi agitations in South India, most notably in the states of Tamil Nadu. There is also opposition in non-Hindi belt states towards imposition of Hindi in these areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lithuanian language", "paragraph_text": "Lithuanian (Lithuanian: lietuvių kalba) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200 thousand abroad.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 118280, "question": "Who served as director for Thenum Vayambum?", "answer": "Ashok Kumar", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 598373, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Hindi", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "hi" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Joseph Wolins", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Wolins (born Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1915, died 1999, New York City) was an American painter whose influences included Piero della Francesca, Mantegna and Giotto. He studied at the National Academy of Design between 1935 and 1941 with Leon Kroll and held his first solo exhibition in 1947 at the New York Contemporary Arts Gallery. His work is in public collections including those of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Butler Institute of American Art.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gallup (company)", "paragraph_text": "Gallup, Inc. is an American research - based, global performance - management consulting company. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide. It provides research and strategic consulting to large organizations in many countries, focusing on ``analytics and advice to help leaders and organizations solve their most pressing problems ''.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sempach Bird Observatory", "paragraph_text": "The Swiss Ornithological Institute (\"Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach\" in German) is an ornithological research centre, which is based at the town of Sempach in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Founded in 1924, it is a non-profit organization and the largest private field research institute in Switzerland. It carries out a bird ringing program as well as other ornithological research, conservation biology, and public education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "KCA University", "paragraph_text": "KCA University (KCAU) is a private, non-profit institution, founded in July 1989 as Kenya College of Accountancy (KCA) by the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) to improve the quality of accountancy and financial management training in the country. KCAU is located on Thika Road in Ruaraka, Nairobi, Kenya. The institution also maintains satellite colleges under the School of Professional Programmes in Nairobi CBD Githunguri, Kericho, Eldoret, Kisumu,Amagoro and Kitengela.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Opinion Research Center of Afghanistan", "paragraph_text": "Opinion Research Center of Afghanistan (ORCA) is a social science research organization based in Kabul, Afghanistan. It operates in the areas of opinion, market and media research. It was founded in 2008, and claims to be \"the largest full-service Afghan research center operating in the areas of market, media and opinion research.\" ORCA is Afghan-owned, and its survey enumerators are locally recruited.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Virginia in the American Civil War", "paragraph_text": "Most of the battles in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War took place in Virginia because the Confederacy had to defend its national capital at Richmond, and public opinion in the North demanded that the Union move ``On to Richmond! ''The successes of Robert E. Lee in defending Richmond are a central theme of the military history of the war. The White House of the Confederacy, located a few blocks north of the State Capitol, was home to the family of Confederate leader Jefferson Davis.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Florence Graves", "paragraph_text": "Florence George Graves is an American journalist and the founding director of the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was a royal commission established in 2013 by the Australian government pursuant to the Royal Commissions Act 1902 to inquire into and report upon responses by institutions to instances and allegations of child sexual abuse in Australia. The establishment of the commission followed revelations of child abusers being moved from place to place instead of their abuse and crimes being reported. There were also revelations that adults failed to try to stop further acts of child abuse. The commission examined the history of abuse in educational institutions, religious groups, sporting organisations, state institutions and youth organisations. The final report of the commission was made public on 15 December 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Public opinion", "paragraph_text": "The emergence of public opinion as a significant force in the political realm can be dated to the late 17th century. However, opinion had been regarded as having singular importance since far earlier. Medieval fama publica or vox et fama communis had great legal and social importance from the 12th and 13th centuries onward. Later, William Shakespeare called public opinion the 'mistress of success' and Blaise Pascal thought it was' the queen of the world. 'John Locke in his treatise An Essay Concerning Human Understanding considered that man was subject to three laws: the divine law, the civil law, and most importantly in Locke's judgement, the law of opinion or reputation. He regarded the latter as of the highest importance because dislike and ill - opinion force people to conform in their behaviour to social norms, however he did n't consider public opinion as a suitable influence for governments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Graenum Berger", "paragraph_text": "Graenum Berger (1908–1999) was an American Communal administrator, institutional and communal planner, educator, world traveler, and the founding President of the American Association for Ethiopian Jews.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "International Journal of Public Opinion Research", "paragraph_text": "The International Journal of Public Opinion Research (IJPOR) is a quarterly social science journal sponsored by the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR) and published by Oxford University Press.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "George H. Gallup House", "paragraph_text": "The George H. Gallup House built in 1901 is an historic octagonal house located at 703 South Chestnut Street in Jefferson, Iowa, United States. It was the birthplace and boyhood home of Dr. George Horace Gallup, the pioneer of public opinion polling. On July 18, 1985, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Edmund Burke", "paragraph_text": "During the year following that contract, with Dodsley, Burke founded the influential Annual Register, a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the Annual Register is unclear: in his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the Register as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Asan Institute for Policy Studies", "paragraph_text": "The Asan Institute for Policy Studies (Korean: 아산정책연구원, Hanja: 峨山政策硏究院) is an independent, non-profit think tank based in Seoul, South Korea. The institute was founded by the honorary chairman Chung Mong-joon in 2008. The Institute conducts research in national security and foreign policy, area studies, public opinion, domestic politics, social science methodology, and global governance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California. The Institute's mission is to \"[advance] post-partisanship, where leaders put people over political parties and work together to find the best ideas and solutions to benefit the people they serve,\" and to \"seek to influence public policy and public debate in finding solutions to the serious challenges we face.\" Schwarzenegger serves as chairman of the Institute.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Jamie P. Chandler", "paragraph_text": "Jamie P. Chandler (born 1977) is an American political scientist, television commentator, and writer. He is an expert on American elections, public opinion, Congress, and US foreign policy. He teaches at the Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at CUNY City College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Shevchenko Transnistria State University", "paragraph_text": "Taras Shevchenko Transnistria State University () is the main university located in Tiraspol, the capital of Transnistria. The original university in Tiraspol was founded in 1930 as the Institute of public education in the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, then being a constituent part of the Ukrainian SSR.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Heresy", "paragraph_text": "Galileo Galilei was brought before the Inquisition for heresy, but abjured his views and was sentenced to house arrest, under which he spent the rest of his life. Galileo was found \"vehemently suspect of heresy\", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture. He was required to \"abjure, curse and detest\" those opinions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Forensic science", "paragraph_text": "Handbook for Coroners, police officials, military policemen was written by the Austrian criminal jurist Hans Gross in 1893, and is generally acknowledged as the birth of the field of criminalistics. The work combined in one system fields of knowledge that had not been previously integrated, such as psychology and physical science, and which could be successfully used against crime. Gross adapted some fields to the needs of criminal investigation, such as crime scene photography. He went on to found the Institute of Criminalistics in 1912, as part of the University of Graz 'Law School. This Institute was followed by many similar institutes all over the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "paragraph_text": "The word \"public\" implies the highest level of inclusivity – the public sphere by definition should be open to all. However, this sphere was only public to relative degrees. Enlightenment thinkers frequently contrasted their conception of the \"public\" with that of the people: Condorcet contrasted \"opinion\" with populace, Marmontel \"the opinion of men of letters\" with \"the opinion of the multitude,\" and d'Alembert the \"truly enlightened public\" with \"the blind and noisy multitude\". Additionally, most institutions of the public sphere excluded both women and the lower classes. Cross-class influences occurred through noble and lower class participation in areas such as the coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 88637, "question": "who founded the american institute of public opinion in 1935", "answer": "George Gallup", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 636575, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Jefferson", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Wardville, Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ap Lo Chun", "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Øvrebø og Hægeland", "paragraph_text": "Øvrebø og Hægeland is a former municipality in Vest-Agder county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1865 until its dissolution in 1896. It is located in the northern part of the present-day municipality of Vennesla, to the west of the Otra river. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Øvrebø, where Øvrebø Church is located.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Bogotá", "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vilnius County", "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tingvollvågen", "paragraph_text": "Tingvollvågen or Tingvoll is the administrative centre of Tingvoll Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on a small inlet off the Tingvollfjorden, directly across the fjord from the village of Angvika (in Gjemnes Municipality). Tingvollvågen lies about north of the village of Meisingset and about south of the village of Straumsnes. The historic Tingvoll Church is located in this village. Norwegian National Road 70 runs through the village on its way from Kristiansund to Oppdal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Icherrian", "paragraph_text": "Icherrian is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located to the north east of Mansehra the district capital and lies in an area affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Midsund (village)", "paragraph_text": "Midsund is the administrative center of Midsund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the western end of the island of Otrøya. The eastern end of the Midsund Bridge is located in the village of Midsund, connecting it to the neighboring island of Midøya to the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Storebø", "paragraph_text": "Storebø is the administrative centre and largest village in Austevoll municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern part of the island of Huftarøy, just south of the village of Birkeland and northwest of the village of Haukanes. The village has a population (2016) of 1,377; giving the village a population density of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Munnsville, New York", "paragraph_text": "Munnsville is a village located in the Town of Stockbridge in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 474 at the 2010 census. The village is named for an early settler, Asa Munn and located on New York State Route 46.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Biysky District", "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Kalvåg", "paragraph_text": "Kalvåg is a village in Bremanger Municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is located on the southeast side of the island of Frøya on the coast along the Frøysjøen strait, the southern entrance to the Nordfjorden. The village of Kalvåg was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Bremanger that existed from 1838 until 1964 when the municipality was enlarged and the administration center was moved east to the mainland village of Svelgen. There is a series of bridges that connect Kalvåg to the nearby island of Bremangerlandet. The village has a population (2013) of 453, giving the village a population density of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kinnya", "paragraph_text": "Kinnya or Kinya is a village in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state, India. The Talapady Durga Parameshwari Temple is in this village .The village lies near Talapadi village. It is located 23 km south of Mangalore city. In local Tulu language Kinya means small. The Durga Parameshwari Temple was recently renovated in the year 2015. The village code is 02699400 as per Karnataka Administrative atlas 2001 published by DCO of Karnataka state. Pincode of Kinya village post office is 575023.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Livonia, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Livonia is a city in the northwest part of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a large suburb with an array of traditional neighborhoods (most of which were built in the 1950s and 1960s) connected to the metropolitan area by freeways. The population was 96,942 at the 2010 census, making it Michigan's ninth largest municipality. The municipality is a part of Metro Detroit, and is located approximately northwest of downtown Detroit, and less than two miles (3 km) from the western city limits of Detroit (Redford Township lies between the two).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Batnfjordsøra", "paragraph_text": "Batnfjordsøra is the administrative centre of Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Batnfjorden at the mouth of the river Batnfjordelva. European Route E39 passes through the village on its way from Molde to Trondheim. The village has a population (2018) of 387 and a population density of .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Territory of Papua", "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Wonderland Village", "paragraph_text": "Wonderland Village is an outdoor shopping center in Livonia, Michigan, United States, a suburb of Detroit. The center is located at the southwest corner of Middlebelt Road and Plymouth Road, approximately one mile south of I-96. Walmart and Target are the complex's anchor stores.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert", "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129705, "question": "In which state is Wonderland Village located?", "answer": "Livonia", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 738979, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Wayne County", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Violent Patriot", "paragraph_text": "The Violent Patriot () is a 1956 Italian adventure film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is loosely based on real life events of the Italian condottiero Giovanni dalle Bande Nere.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gonja language", "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Numero sign", "paragraph_text": "The numero sign or numero symbol, No (also represented as No, No, No. or no. (US English), or No or no (UK English) plural Nos. or nos. (US English) or Nos or nos UK English), is a typographic abbreviation of the word number (s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, with the numero sign, the written long - form of the address ``Number 22 Acacia Avenue ''is shortened to`` No 22 Acacia Avenue'', yet both forms are spoken long.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Lithuanian language", "paragraph_text": "Lithuanian (Lithuanian: lietuvių kalba) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200 thousand abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Czech language", "paragraph_text": "Czech (/ tʃ ɛk /; čeština Czech pronunciation: (ˈtʃɛʃcɪna)), historically also Bohemian (/ boʊˈhiːmiən, bə - /; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech -- Slovak group. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree. Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the \"equality of all Eritrean languages\". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alsace", "paragraph_text": "It was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more official status. The Ministerial Memorandum of 21 June 1982, known as the Circulaire Savary, introduced financial support, over three years, for the teaching of regional languages in schools and universities. This memorandum was, however, implemented in a fairly lax manner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Languages of India", "paragraph_text": "According to Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in definition of the terms ``language ''and`` dialect''. The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people. Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English. Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, the most widely spoken language in a large region of India today, serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been anti-Hindi agitations in South India, most notably in the states of Tamil Nadu. There is also opposition in non-Hindi belt states towards imposition of Hindi in these areas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gopinath Kallianpur", "paragraph_text": "Gopinath Kallianpur (1925–2015) was an Indian American mathematician and statistician who became the first director of the Indian Statistical Institute (1976–79) under its new Memorandum of Association. During his tenure as the director the new centre of ISI at Bangalore, Karnataka was founded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Tiffany Memorandum", "paragraph_text": "Tiffany Memorandum (also known as \"The Tiffany Memorandum\") is a 1967 Eurospy film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is an international co-production between Italy, France (where the film is known as \"Coup de force à Berlin\") and West Germany (where it was released as \"Komm Gorilla, schlag zu!\"). The film is set in Berlin.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Wood Frisian", "paragraph_text": "Wood Frisian (West Frisian: \"Wâldfrysk\") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called \"Wâlden\" (English: \"woods\"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ancient Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 118282, "question": "Who served as director for Tiffany Memorandum?", "answer": "Sergio Grieco", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 722449, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Italian", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Islamism", "paragraph_text": "Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid. But when Saddam, secularist and Ba'athist dictator of neighboring Iraq, attacked Saudi Arabia (his enemy in the war), western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy. Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud (18 June 1923 – 8 May 2007) was a Saudi businessman and a senior member of House of Saud. He held several cabinet posts in the government of Saudi Arabia in the 1950s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ahmed Mater", "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Mater (born 1979, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia) is a Saudi artist and physician. His mediums are photography, calligraphy, painting, installation, performance and video. His work, which explores history, the narratives and aesthetics of Islamic culture, and addresses consumerism and transformation taking place in the region and its effects on geopolitics, has attracted an international audience. In 2003, he cofounded \"Edge of Arabia\", an independent arts initiative dedicated to promoting the appreciation of contemporary Arab art and culture, with a focus on Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "King of Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "King of Saudi Arabia ملك المملكة العربية السعودية Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia Incumbent Salman since 23 January 2015 Details Heir apparent Mohammad bin Salman First monarch Ibn Saud Formation 22 September 1932 Residence King's Palace", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1921 – 2 May 1951) (Arabic: منصور بن عبد العزيز آل سعود) was the first defense minister of Saudi Arabia and a member of Saudi royal family, House of Saud.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Diriyah", "paragraph_text": "Diriyah (), formerly romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya, is a town in Saudi Arabia located on the north-western outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh. Diriyah was the original home of the Saudi royal family, and served as the capital of the Emirate of Diriyah under the first Saudi dynasty from 1744 to 1818. Today, the town is the seat of the Diriyah Governorate, which also includes the villages of Uyayna, Jubayla, and Al-Ammariyyah, among others, and is part of Ar Riyad Province.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Saleh Al-Dawod", "paragraph_text": "Saleh Al-Dawod (24 September 1968, Dir'iya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is a former football player. He was part of the squad for the Saudi Arabia national team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Emirate of Nejd", "paragraph_text": "The Emirate of Nejd was the second Saudi state, existing between 1824 and 1891 in Nejd, the regions of Riyadh and Ha'il of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central and eastern Arabia after the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, having previously been brought down by the Ottoman Empire's Egypt Eyalet in the Ottoman–Wahhabi War (1811–1818).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Embassy of Saudi Arabia, London", "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Saudi Arabia in London (officially the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia) () is the diplomatic mission of Saudi Arabia in the United Kingdom. Saudi Arabia also maintains a Defence Attaché’s Office at 26 Queen's Gate, South Kensington, a Diplomatic Office of the Cultural Bureau at 630 Chiswick High Road, Gunnersbury, a Medical Section at 60 Queen Anne Street, Marylebone, a Commercial Section at 15/16 Queen Street, Mayfair, an Islamic Affairs Section at 2nd Floor, Park Lorne, 111 Park Road, Lisson Grove and an Information Section at 18 Seymour Street, Marylebone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "House of Saud", "paragraph_text": "The House of Saud has gone through three phases: the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State (1744 -- 1818), marked by the expansion of Wahhabism; the Emirate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State (1824 -- 1891), marked with continuous infighting; and the Third Saudi State (1902 -- present), which evolved into Saudi Arabia in 1932 and now wields considerable influence in the Middle East. The family has had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, the Sharif of Mecca, the Al Rashid family of Ha'il and their vassal houses in Najd, numerous Islamist groups both inside and outside Saudi Arabia and Shia minority in Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517) and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa and Europe.The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been a totalitarian absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamist lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called \"the predominant feature of Saudi culture\", with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The state's official language is Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Dammam", "paragraph_text": "In many ways, the Dammam Area has evolved as the link between Saudi Arabia and the outside world, exporting the Kingdom's products and importing its needs and thriving on the interaction between Saudi Arabia and other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Muhammad Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman bin Mohammed Al Saud (Arabic:الأمير عبد العزيز بن سلمان بن محمد آل سعود), (born 8 August 1959, Riyadh Saudi Arabia) is a member of Saudi Royal Family. Prince Abdulaziz is reported to be third son of Prince Salman Bin Mohammed Al Saud.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Al Faisaliyah Center", "paragraph_text": "The Al Faisaliyah Centre (or Al Faisaliah Centre, ) is a commercial skyscraper located in the business district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the fourth tallest building in Saudi Arabia after the Kingdom Centre, Burj Rafal and Abraj Al Bait. It is also called Star Dome.The round portion at the top of Faisaliah Center is a restaurant called “The Globe”. The Globe is one of the premier restaurants in Saudi Arabia and has 360 degree views that make it unique.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Turki bin Mohamed bin Fahd Al Saud", "paragraph_text": "Turki bin Mohamed bin Fahd Al Saud (born 5 October 1979 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is the eldest son of Prince Mohamed bin Fahd bin Saud, the eldest surviving son of the late King Fahd who was former governor of the Eastern Provinces and Jawahir bint Nayef, sister of the one time Crown Prince Muhammad bin Nayef. He is the grandnephew of King Salman, the current King of Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C. (Arabic: سفارة المملكة العربية السعودية في الولايات المتحدة) is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's main and largest diplomatic mission to the United States. It is located at 601 New Hampshire Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood, near the Watergate complex, and Kennedy Center.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Wadi Faran", "paragraph_text": "The Faran Valley (Wadi Faran) (Arabic: وادي فاران) is a valley in central Saudi Arabia. With a population of several thousand mostly Bedouin inhabitants, Wadi Faran is one of the most densely inhabited towns in the interior of Saudi Arabia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hamza al-Ghamdi", "paragraph_text": "Born in Saudi Arabia, Hamza left his family to fight in Chechnya and was probably sent to al-Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan where he was chosen to participate in the 9/11 attacks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Saudi Arabia", "paragraph_text": "Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in the Middle East, the second-largest in the Arab world (after Algeria), the fifth-largest in Asia, and the 12th-largest in the world. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south; it is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains. As of October 2018, the Saudi economy was the largest in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world. Saudi Arabia also has one of the world's youngest populations; 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 71072, "question": "who is the current leader of saudi arabia 2017", "answer": "Salman", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 351644, "question": "#1 of Saudi Arabia >> family", "answer": "Al Saud", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "When the Stars Go Blue", "paragraph_text": "``When The Stars Go Blue ''is a popular alternative country song composed and originally performed by solo artist and former Whiskeytown band member Ryan Adams. It was first released with his album Gold on September 25, 2001. The song has been covered by many artists, notably: Celtic band The Corrs featuring U2's lead singer Bono, country music singer Tim McGraw and Norwegian artists Venke Knutson and Kurt Nilsen as a duo. The song has also been performed live many times by Phil Lesh and Friends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Playa (band)", "paragraph_text": "Playa is an American R&B-hip-hop group. The original lineup consisted of Jawaan \"Smoke\" Peacock, Benjamin \"Black\" Bush and Stephen \"Static Major\" Garrett. Playa is best known for their 1998 hit album, Cheers 2 U, produced by longtime collaborator Timbaland. Static was notable for being a successful songwriter of hit singles and album tracks for artists such as Ginuwine, Aaliyah, Truth Hurts, Lil Wayne and Brandy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "56 Group Wales", "paragraph_text": "The 56 Group Wales () is an artists' organisation founded in Wales in 1956, with the aim of promoting Welsh Modernist art and artists. The name was originally simply the 56 Group: \"Wales\" was added in 1967, in response to a feeling that the organisation's \"Welsh origins ought to be re-affirmed\". The Welsh-language version of the name was first used on publicity in 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Death in June", "paragraph_text": "Death in June are a neofolk group led by English folk musician Douglas Pearce, better known as Douglas P. The band was originally formed in Britain in 1981 as a trio, but after the other members left in 1984 and 1985 to work on other projects, the group became the work of Douglas P. and various collaborators. Douglas P. now lives in Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Post-punk", "paragraph_text": "In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Robert Hart (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Hart (born 1 November 1958, Bournemouth, Dorset) is a British rock vocalist and songwriter. He is currently the lead singer of Manfred Mann's Earth Band and the band Diesel. He has performed as a solo artist, and with The Distance and also with former Whitesnake members in the band called Company of Snakes and with Bad Company. He also fronted The Jones Gang, a rock group formed by Hart, Rick Wills and Kenney Jones. He now performs as a solo artist as well as touring with his own band XBad Company, with Dave \"Bucket\" Colwell and Garry \"Harry\" James (ex-members of Bad Company). He was the first English writer to be signed to Disney owned Hollywood Records. He has also written several Number 1 hits, and written a number of songs for film soundtracks, whilst being signed to Roy Orbison's Still Working Music, Disney's Hollywood Records, and Island Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Eria Fachin", "paragraph_text": "Originally from Hamilton, Ontario, Fachin began performing in the Toronto area at the age of 15 in a variety of capacities, including nightclub performances, roles in musical theatre, recording commercial jingles for local advertisers and performing on television variety shows. She also recorded a number of singles during this era, including \"I'm Not Your Puppet\", and married her musical collaborator Lou Bartolomucci in 1986.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bellyfruit", "paragraph_text": "\"Bellyfruit\" is an adaptation of an original stage play of the same title which premiered at the Los Angeles Theatre Center on March 16, 1996. The play is a culmination of written works and theatrical performances developed from the stories of the women from Ramona High School and the Pacoima Young Mothers writing program. Playing the roles of the teen mothers in the original stage production of \"Bellyfruit\" were actresses Bonnie Dickensen, Tanya Wright, Judy Herrera, and Patrice Pitman Quinn. The stage play was produced by Independent Women Artists and performed as a benefit for Gramercy Group Homes in Los Angeles. It was also directed by Kerri Green, and was written by Green, Maria Bernhard, Susannah Blinkoff, and Janet Borrus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Fall Out Boy", "paragraph_text": "The band's first public performance came in a cafeteria at DePaul University alongside Stilwell and another group that performed Black Sabbath in its entirety. The band's only performance with guitarist John Flamandan and original drummer Ben Rose was in retrospect described as ``goofy ''and`` bad,'' but Trohman made an active effort to make the band work, picking up members for practice. Wentz and Stump argued over band names; the former favored verbose, tongue - in - cheek names while the latter desired to reference Tom Waits in name. After creating a short list of names that included ``Fall Out Boy, ''a fictional character from The Simpsons and Bongo Comics, friends voted on the name. The band's second performance, at a southern Illinois university with The Killing Tree, began with Wentz introducing the band under a name Stump recalled as`` very long.'' According to Stump, an audience member yelled out, ``Fuck that, no, you're Fall Out Boy!, ''and the band were credited later in the show under that name by Killing Tree frontman Tim McIlrath. As the group looked up to McIlrath, and Trohman and Stump were`` die - hard'' Simpsons fans, the name stuck. The group's first cassette tape demo was recorded in Rose's basement, but the band later set off for Wisconsin to record a proper demo with 7 Angels 7 Plagues drummer Jared Logan, whom Wentz knew through connections in the hardcore scene.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "A nominating committee composed of rock and roll historians selects names for the ``Performers ''category (singers, vocal groups, bands, and instrumentalists of all kinds), which are then voted on by roughly five hundred experts across the world. Those selected to vote include academics, journalists, producers, and others with music industry experience. Artists become eligible for induction 25 years after the release of their first record. Criteria include the influence and significance of the artists' contributions to the development and perpetuation of rock and roll. To be selected for induction, performers must receive the highest number of votes, and also greater than 50% of the votes. Around five to seven performers are inducted each year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "American Idol", "paragraph_text": "Once in Hollywood, the contestants perform individually or in groups in a series of rounds. Until season ten, there were usually three rounds of eliminations in Hollywood. In the first round the contestants emerged in groups but performed individually. For the next round, the contestants put themselves in small groups and perform a song together. In the final round, the contestants perform solo with a song of their choice a cappella or accompanied by a band‍—‌depending on the season. In seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round. In season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may, after a first solo performance and on judges approval, skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round. In season twelve, the executive producers split up the females and males and chose the members to form the groups in the group round.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Treniers", "paragraph_text": "The Treniers (pronounced /trəˈniərz/) were an American R&B and jump blues musical group led by identical twins Cliff and Claude Trenier. They were originally billed as The Trenier Twins, who performed alongside the Gene Gilbeaux Quartet, but shortened their name to The Treniers when Gilbeaux and other musicians became integral members of the group. Besides the Trenier brothers, group members included Don Hill on saxophone, Shifty Henry and later James (Jimmy) Johnson on bass, Henry (Tucker) Green on drums and Gene Gilbeaux on piano. Later, additional Trenier brothers Milt and Buddy, and nephew Skip, joined the group on vocals, and there were many other musician and line-up changes over the years including Herman Washington and Mickey Baker on guitar.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "A Star Is Born is the soundtrack album to the 2018 musical film of the same name, performed by its stars Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. Gaga and Cooper collaborated on the soundtrack album with an assortment of country musicians, including Lukas Nelson, who also stars in the film as a member of Cooper's band. For the more pop - oriented songs on the soundtrack, Gaga teamed up with recurring collaborator DJ White Shadow. The soundtrack also includes contributions from Jason Isbell, Mark Ronson, Diane Warren, and Andrew Wyatt of Miike Snow. Commercially, it has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kollaps", "paragraph_text": "Kollaps was the first official LP by Einstürzende Neubauten, released in 1981 on German label ZickZack as #ZZ 65. The songs are a mixture of rough punk tunes and industrial noises. The industrial noises were obtained from self-made music machines, electronics, and found objects such as metal plates. The album was reissued in 2002 with \"Stahldubversions\", originally released in 1982. Blixa Bargeld, N.U. Unruh and F.M. Einheit appear on the album. \"Jet'M\" is a cover of the Serge Gainsbourg song \"Je t'aime... moi non plus\". The track 15 of many CD versions of the album is a live version of \"Negativ Nein\", recorded on 26 June 1987 at the Tempodrom in Berlin.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Collaboration (Modern Jazz Quartet and Laurindo Almeida album)", "paragraph_text": "Collaboration is an album by American jazz group the Modern Jazz Quartet with Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida featuring performances recorded at Webster Hall in 1964 and released on the Atlantic label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Beyoncé", "paragraph_text": "The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song \"Killing Time\" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black. The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album, scoring their first major hit \"No, No, No\". The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for \"No, No, No\". The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as \"Bills, Bills, Bills\", the group's first number-one single, \"Jumpin' Jumpin'\" and \"Say My Name\", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. \"Say My Name\" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song \"After All Is Said and Done\" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Peewee Longway", "paragraph_text": "Quincy Lamont Williams (born August 17, 1984), known by his stage name Peewee Longway, is an American hip hop recording artist who was one of the last signees of 1017 Records before founder Gucci Mane's 2013–2016 imprisonment. He is also the nephew of Brick Squad member Cold Blooded Da Don who introduced him to Gucci Mane. The artist's most celebrated releases to date are his mixtape \"The Blue M&M\" and his collaboration with Young Thug, \"Loaded\". \"The Blue M&M\" also featured the singles \"Sneakin n Geekin\" and \"Servin Lean\" (remix) featuring A$AP Rocky. He is also a member of a rap group with Gucci Mane and Young Dolph, collectively known as \"Felix Brothers\". They released their debut project in July 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jason Robinson (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Jason Robinson (born September 20, 1975 in California) is an American jazz saxophonist, electronic musician, and composer. His musical projects cover a wide swath of creative approaches that draw heavily from post-1960s jazz experimentalism, more traditional post-bop performance practices, and emerging electronic music technologies. In addition to an extensive career leading his own groups and performing solo, Robinson co-founded the acclaimed collaborative avant-jazz group Cosmologic and Cross Border Trio, the latter a group featuring bassist Rob Thorsen and Mexican drummer Paquito Villa. Robinson has also performed extensively in the American reggae and jam band scenes, most notably with the Sonoma County, California-based internationally touring roots reggae group Groundation.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Whiskey Boys", "paragraph_text": "The Whiskey Boys is an American modern bluegrass and Americana band, based out of Boston. While the group performs original and traditional bluegrass, Americana music, they have also been influenced by Irish, Old Time, Country, and Folk music. The group has toured local venues throughout the northeastern US, in support of their three released albums. The band gets its name from the chief protesters in The Whiskey Rebellion of 1791.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Danleers", "paragraph_text": "The Danleers was an American doo-wop group formed in Brooklyn, New York in 1958. The group's original and most famous lineup consisted of Jimmy Weston, Johnny Lee, Willie Ephraim, Nat McCune, and Roosevelt Mays. One of many streetcorner vocal groups in Brooklyn, they rose to prominence in 1958 on the strength of the single \"One Summer Night\", written by their manager, Danny Webb, who also named the group. The single was one of the biggest hits of that year and sold over one million copies. Further releases were not so successful and the group mostly dissolved by the mid-1960s. It continued to tour for several decades with Weston as the main original member.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 142361, "question": "What is the name of the artist or group which originally performed Kollaps?", "answer": "Einstürzende Neubauten", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 31413, "question": "Who did members of #1 also collaborate with?", "answer": "the Birthday Party", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Birthday Party" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Castle", "paragraph_text": "A European innovation, castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes. These nobles built castles to control the area immediately surrounding them, and the castles were both offensive and defensive structures; they provided a base from which raids could be launched as well as protection from enemies. Although their military origins are often emphasised in castle studies, the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power. Urban castles were used to control the local populace and important travel routes, and rural castles were often situated near features that were integral to life in the community, such as mills, fertile land, or a water source.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "paragraph_text": "Investment banker Harold Lee is persuaded by his colleagues to do their work while they leave for the weekend. Kumar Patel attends a medical school interview, but intentionally botches it to prevent getting accepted. Harold is attracted to his neighbor, Maria, but is unable to admit his feelings. After smoking marijuana with Kumar, and seeing an advertisement for White Castle, the pair decide to get hamburgers. After traveling to the nearest White Castle in New Brunswick, they find it replaced by ``Burger Shack ''but learn of another White Castle in Cherry Hill.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert", "paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Lemberk Castle", "paragraph_text": "Lemberk Castle is a castle located in the Lusatian Mountains of the Czech Republic, near the town of Jablonné v Podještědí.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "A. K. Shiva Kumar", "paragraph_text": "A. K. Shiva Kumar earned his postgraduate diploma in management from the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, and his MA in economics from Bangalore University. He also holds a master's degree in public administration and a PhD in political economy and government from Harvard University. At Harvard, Kumar's PhD supervisor was Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Territory of Papua", "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Biysky District", "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "6th Legislative District (New Jersey)", "paragraph_text": "New Jersey's 6th Legislative District is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature, covering the Burlington County municipality of Maple Shade Township and the Camden County municipalities of Berlin Township, Cherry Hill Township, Collingswood Borough, Gibbsboro Borough, Haddon Township, Haddonfield Borough, Hi-Nella Borough, Merchantville Borough, Oaklyn Borough, Pennsauken Township, Somerdale Borough, Stratford Borough, Tavistock Borough and Voorhees Township as of the 2011 apportionment.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bogotá", "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sherwana Castle", "paragraph_text": "Sherwana Castle, also known as Shirwanah Castle, is located in Kalar, Kurdistan, Iraq. Sherwana Castle is the ancestral home to the Jaff family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Vilnius County", "paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Consumer Alert", "paragraph_text": "Consumer Alert was an American non-profit organization which advocated on business and consumer issues. It was primarily funded by corporations. It was founded in 1977 by Barbara A. Keating-Edh and John Henry Sununu, who would later go on to become Governor of New Hampshire (1983–89) and White House Chief of Staff during the George H. W. Bush administration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Meloni as Randy / Freakshow, a car mechanic with infected pimples on his face and neck who fixed Harold and Kumar's car", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Paea", "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "We're Going to Be Friends", "paragraph_text": "``We're Going to Be Friends ''Single by The White Stripes from the album White Blood Cells Released Late 2002 Format CD Recorded Early 2001 Genre Folk rock, acoustic rock Length 2: 28 Label V2 Records Songwriter (s) Jack White Producer (s) Jack White The White Stripes singles chronology`` Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground'' (2002) ``We're Going to Be Friends ''(2002)`` Red Death at 6: 14'' (2002) ``Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground ''(2002)`` We're Going to Be Friends'' (2002) ``Red Death at 6: 14 ''(2002)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Dzików Castle", "paragraph_text": "Dzików Castle in Tarnobrzeg, or Tarnowski Family Castle in Dzików () is a 15th-century (or perhaps a 14th-century) castle with the park complex and gardens, located in Tarnobrzeg, Poland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Castle Lake (Idaho)", "paragraph_text": "Castle Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 047.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Peqin Castle", "paragraph_text": "The Peqin Castle () is a castle in Peqin, Albania. In the Roman times the city was known by the name of Clodiana, an Illyrian-inhabited territory. The foundations of the castle are thought to date from the Roman period, the time of the construction of the Via Egnatia. Its walls at one point had a height of around . The castle was later rebuilt and expanded during the Turkish occupation of Albania, at which time it was passed into the control of the Sipahi (lord) of the local fief, who added a palace and a harem. The last resident of the castle was Demir Pasha.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Namibia", "paragraph_text": "South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an \"advisory opinion\" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 92840, "question": "where is the white castle that harold and kumar go to", "answer": "in Cherry Hill", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 542979, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Camden County", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pharmacy", "paragraph_text": "Of particular concern with Internet pharmacies is the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances (e.g., Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server, for a controlled substance to a \"patient\" s/he has never met.[citation needed] In the United States, in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid, it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship. The filling pharmacy has a corresponding responsibility to ensure that the prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws outline what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Acta Ornithologica", "paragraph_text": "Acta Ornithologica is an ornithological scientific periodical published in Poland (two issues per year) by the Polish Academy of Sciences. It is in English with summaries in Polish. It was established in 1933 as \"Acta Ornithologica Musei Zoologici Polonici\" and obtained its current name in 1953.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Avery Dulles", "paragraph_text": "Upon his discharge from the Navy in 1946, Avery Dulles entered the Society of Jesus, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1956. After a year in Germany, he studied ecclesiology under the American Jesuit Francis A. Sullivan at the Gregorian University in Rome, and was awarded the Doctorate of Sacred Theology in 1960.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Salvador Casañas y Pagés", "paragraph_text": "Salvador Casañas y Pagés was born in Barcelona, and studied at the seminary in Barcelona and the University of Valencia, from where he obtained his licentiate in theology in 1857. He was ordained to the priesthood on 18 December 1858, and then did pastoral work in Barcelona for several years. He later became a professor and the rector of its seminary, and was made canon administrator of its cathedral chapter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Camillo Laurenti", "paragraph_text": "Camillo Laurenti was born in Monte Porzio Catone, and studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, from where he obtained his doctorates in philosophy and in theology. He attended the Capranica College as well. Laurenti was ordained to the priesthood on 7 June 1884, and became an official of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith on the following 1 September.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Helmy Bahgat Badawi", "paragraph_text": "In 1925, Helmy Bahgat Badawi obtained his Law License degree from the Egyptian University in Cairo, Egypt, and in the following year he joined the Paris-Sorbonne University where he commenced his research work in the field of Commercial law. His doctorate thesis titled La responsabilité du commettant (The responsibility of the Principal (in a manufacture/independent representative relationship)) earned him his Doctorate degree in 1929 from the same University. Upon his return to Egypt, he was appointed Professor of Civil Law at Cairo University, Egypt, where he served for several years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hannington Sengendo", "paragraph_text": "Sengendo also holds a Bachelor of Arts (BA), degree from Makerere University and the degree of Master of Arts in Human Geography (MA), obtained in 1987, from the University of Leeds. His degree of Doctorate in Urban Planning (PhD), was obtained in 1992, from the University of Nottingham.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for \"Of the celibate priesthood\"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Georgetown Environmental Law Review", "paragraph_text": "The Georgetown Environmental Law Review is a quarterly student-edited law review published at Georgetown University Law Center covering the legal implications of environmental issues including: climate change, renewable energy, and the intersection of the environment and international legal areas such as trade, human rights, security, and technology transfer. It was established in 1988 as the \"Georgetown International Environmental Law Review\" and obtained its current title in 2015. The first issue of each year's volume is dedicated to international issues. According to the Washington & Lee University law review rankings, the journal has an impact factor of 0.43.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the \"ordinary affairs\" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. \"During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.\":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. \"Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Medical Mycology", "paragraph_text": "Medical Mycology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. It was established in 1962 as \"Sabouraudia\", honoring the French dermatologist/medical mycologist, Raimond Sabouraud and publishing 3 to 4 issues per year. In 1986 the name was changed to \"Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology\" and the number of issues was increased to six per year. The journal obtained its current name in 1998, increasing the number of yearly issues to eight in 2005. In addition, the journal occasionally publishes supplemental issues on specific topics of current interest to the medical mycology community or the proceedings of international conferences.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Juan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de Chinchetru", "paragraph_text": "Born in Vitoria, Spain in 1951, he was ordained to the priesthood for the Prelature of the Holy Cross (Opus Dei) on 23 August 1977. He received doctorates in Canon Law and jurisprudence and served as professor of canon law, first at the University of Navarra (Spain) and then in Rome and Venice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Eni Njoku", "paragraph_text": "Eni Njoku studied botany at the University of Manchester in England. He graduated with a first class honors degree in 1947 and obtained his M.A. degree the following year. In 1954, he obtained his doctorate from the University of London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Belinda Jack", "paragraph_text": "After a period living in Paris and studying at the Sorbonne, Belinda Jack obtained a bachelor's degree in French with African and Caribbean Studies from the University of Kent. She then obtained her Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil) in Négritude and Literary Criticism at St John's College, Oxford at the University of Oxford in 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Filippo Camassei", "paragraph_text": "Filippo Camassei was born in Rome, and studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, from where he obtained his doctorates in theology and in canon and civil law. He was ordained to the priesthood on 12 April 1872, and then did pastoral work in Rome. In 1876, Camassei became private secretary to Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, the Vicar-General of Rome. He was later made Rector of the Pontifical Pius Seminary in 1874, and of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum \"De Propaganda Fide\" on 10 December 1889. He was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 13 April 1897.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 22110, "question": "In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?", "answer": "Canon Law", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 22195, "question": "In what year was #1 issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood?", "answer": "1983", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Labour Party (UK)", "paragraph_text": "The Labour Party was most recently in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, during the ``New Labour ''era, first elected with a landslide majority of 179, reduced to 66 in the 2005 election. Since leaving government the party has been led by Ed Miliband from 2010 and Jeremy Corbyn from 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Bliznashki Government", "paragraph_text": "The Bliznashki Government was the ninetieth cabinet of Bulgaria which took office on 6 August 2014, following the resignation of the previous government. This cabinet was a caretaker government of technocrats designated to serve only until a new government could be elected with a popular mandate. The government, led by Prime Minister Georgi Bliznashki, was set up by President Rosen Plevneliev. A new government was formed after the early parliamentary elections on 5 October 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Central African Republic", "paragraph_text": "A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tomislav Nikolić", "paragraph_text": "Tomislav Nikolić (, ; born 15 February 1952) is a Serbian politician who served as the President of Serbia from 2012 to 2017. He is also the founder of the Serbian Progressive Party, and he led the party until his election as President. In the 2012 presidential election, he was elected to a five-year term as President in a second round of voting.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "National League for Democracy", "paragraph_text": "The National League for Democracy (Burmese: အမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရေစီ အဖွဲ့ချုပ်, IPA: [ʔəmjóðá dìmòkəɹèsì ʔəpʰwḛdʑoʊʔ]; abbreviated NLD) is a social-democratic and liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma), currently serving as the governing party. Founded on 27 September 1988, it has become one of the most influential parties in Myanmar's pro-democracy movement. Aung San Suu Kyi, the Special Honorary President of the Socialist International and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, serves as its President and she is currently serving as State Counsellor of Myanmar. The party won a substantial parliamentary majority in the 1990 Burmese general election. However, the ruling military junta refused to recognise the result. On 6 May 2010, the party was declared illegal and ordered to be disbanded by the junta after refusing to register for the elections slated for November 2010. In November 2011, the NLD announced its intention to register as a political party to contend future elections, and Myanmar's Union Election Commission approved their application for registration on 13 December 2011.In the 2012 by-elections, the NLD contested 44 of the 45 available seats; winning 43, and losing only one seat to the SNDP. Party leader Aung San Suu Kyi won the seat of Kawhmu.In the 2015 general election, the NLD won a supermajority in both houses of the Assembly, paving the way for the country's first non-military president in 54 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bharatiya Janata Party", "paragraph_text": "The BJP's origins lie in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee. After the State of Emergency in 1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election. After three years in power, the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP. Although initially unsuccessful, winning only two seats in the 1984 general election, it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections, the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996; however, it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament, and its government lasted only 13 days.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Two-party system", "paragraph_text": "There is general agreement that the United States has a two - party system; historically, there have been few instances in which third party candidates won an election. In the First Party System, only Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties. Toward the end of the First Party System, the Republicans dominated a one - party system (primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe). Under the Second Party System, the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams' Men and Jackson's Men. In 1828, the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson. The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams. After the National Republicans collapsed, the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed. In 1854, the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs, Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists. Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of presidents of India", "paragraph_text": "Seven Presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became President. Two Presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their Vice-Presidents served as Acting Presidents until a new President was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting Presidents held office until the new President, V.V. Giri, was elected. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting President. The 12th President, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007. As of November 2017, Ram Nath Kovind is the President of India who was elected on 25 July 2017.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Rahimtulla M. Sayani", "paragraph_text": "Rahimtullah M Sayani was the ``Second Muslim ''to become the`` President of Indian National Congress ''. (First was Badruddin Tayyab Ji)", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "President of South Africa", "paragraph_text": "The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five - year terms. The first president to be elected under the new constitution was Nelson Mandela. The incumbent is Cyril Ramaphosa, who was elected by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018 following the resignation of Jacob Zuma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "1824 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic - Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "2002 United States House of Representatives elections", "paragraph_text": "The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term. Although it was a midterm election, the Republican Party gained a net eight seats, solidifying their majority. Together with gains made in the Senate, it was one of the few mid-term elections that the party in control of the White House increased their number of seats in the House (the other such mid-term elections were in 1934 and 1998).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "1937 Indian provincial elections", "paragraph_text": "The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. The Indian National Congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces - the three exceptions being Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. The All - India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)", "paragraph_text": "After the banning of 13 prospective parties by the administration of Ibrahim Babangida in 1989. Some of the associations decided to re-align. The People's Front of Nigeria, People's Solidarity Party and the Nigerian Labor Party were the three main inchoate groups that emerged to form the core constituency of the new SDP. The leadership of the party was mostly dominated by Northern Nigerians, with Babagana Kingibe elected party chairman in 1990 over his rival Mohammed Arzika. On the other hand, the electoral strength of the party lain in the Yoruba states and Imo and Anambra states. The party won 57% of the Senate seats in the 1992 National Assembly election, and won 53% of the seats of the House of Representatives in the same election. The party was largely financed by the Federal Government and a few individuals, such as Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, Francis Nzeribe and M.K.O. Abiola. The first presidential primary election conducted by the party, Yar'adua collated about 480,000 votes dominating his primary opponent, Olu Falae in the first round. However, those elections were cancelled by Babangida. In second primary election under an adopted system called Option A4, another financier, Abiola (a former member of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons and once a state chairman of the National Party of Nigeria) won the primary election on March 1993, after the first election was canceled. Abiola's contested the national election which was later annulled, a seemingly coherent legacy of Nigeria's swivelling and revolving door like historical political landscape.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "2020 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2020, scheduled for Tuesday, November 3, 2020, will be the 59th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will either elect a new president and vice president through the electoral college or reelect the incumbents. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses are likely to be held during the first six months of 2020. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots selecting a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of presidents of India", "paragraph_text": "Seven presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president, he was born in Anantapur District (now Andhra Pradesh). Two presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-presidents functioned as acting president until a new president was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, V.V. Giri, was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Zakir Husain's vice president, was the first acting president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting president. The 12th president, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Malawi", "paragraph_text": "Under pressure for increased political freedom, Banda agreed to a referendum in 1993, where the populace voted for a multi-party democracy. In late 1993 a presidential council was formed, the life presidency was abolished and a new constitution was put into place, effectively ending the MCP's rule. In 1994 the first multi-party elections were held in Malawi, and Banda was defeated by Bakili Muluzi (a former Secretary General of the MCP and former Banda Cabinet Minister). Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until 2004, when Dr. Bingu wa Mutharika was elected. Although the political environment was described as \"challenging\", it was stated in 2009 that a multi-party system still existed in Malawi. Multiparty parliamentary and presidential elections were held for the fourth time in Malawi in May 2009, and President Mutharika was successfully re-elected, despite charges of election fraud from his rival.President Mutharika was seen by some as increasingly autocratic and dismissive of human rights, and in July 2011 protests over high costs of living, devolving foreign relations, poor governance and a lack of foreign exchange reserves erupted. The protests left 18 people dead and at least 44 others suffering from gunshot wounds. In April 2012, Mutharika died of a heart attack; the presidential title was taken over by former Vice-President Joyce Banda.In 2014 Joyce Banda lost elections (coming third) and was replaced by Arthur Peter Mutharika, the brother of ex-President Mutharika.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1923 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election", "paragraph_text": "Madras Presidency legislative council election, 1923 ← 1920 31 October - 10 November 1923 1926 → 98 seats in Madras Legislative Council First party Second party Third party Leader Sir P. Theagaroya Chetty C.R. Reddy S. Srinivasa Iyengar Party Justice Party Anti-Ministerialists SP Seats won 44 37 11 Seat change - 21 + 37 + 11 Chief Minister before election Panagal Raja Justice Party Elected Chief Minister Panagal Raja Justice Party", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Government of the 31st Dáil", "paragraph_text": "The Government of the 31st Dáil is the previous Government of Ireland, formed after the 2011 general election to Dáil Éireann on 25 February 2011. Fine Gael entered into discussions with the Labour Party which culminated in a joint programme for government. The 31st Dáil first met on 9 March 2011 when it nominated Seán Barrett to be the Ceann Comhairle. Following this, the house nominated Enda Kenny, the leader of Fine Gael, to be the 13th Taoiseach. Kenny then went to the Áras an Uachtaráin where President Mary McAleese appointed him as Taoiseach. On the nomination of the Taoiseach, and following the Dáil's approval the 29th Government of Ireland was appointed by the President.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "History of Singapore", "paragraph_text": "The election for the Legislative Assembly held on 2 April 1955 was a lively and closely fought affair, with several new political parties joining the fray. Unlike previous elections, voters were automatically registered, expanding the electorate to around 300,000. The SPP was soundly defeated in the election, winning only four seats. The newly formed, left-leaning Labour Front was the biggest winner with ten seats and it formed a coalition government with the UMNO-MCA Alliance, which won three seats. Another new party, the People's Action Party (PAP), won three seats.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 55944, "question": "which party formed government in nwfp after the elections of 1937", "answer": "The Indian National Congress", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 51671, "question": "who was the first muslim to be elected as president of #1", "answer": "Badruddin Tayyab Ji", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Premier Supermarkets, a subsidiary of Express Dairies, opened the UK's first supermarket in Streatham, South London in 1951, though The Co-operative Food opened Britain's first fully self - service store in March 1948 in Albert Road, Southsea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "World's fair", "paragraph_text": "The best - known 'first World Expo' was held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, United Kingdom, in 1851, under the title ``Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations ''. The Great Exhibition, as it is often called, was an idea of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, and is usually considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products. It influenced the development of several aspects of society, including art - and - design education, international trade and relations, and tourism. These events have resulted in a remarkable form of Prince Albert's life history, one that continues to be reflected in London architecture in a number of ways, including in the Albert Memorial later erected to the Prince. This expo was the most obvious precedent for the many international exhibitions, later called world's fairs, that have continued to be held to the present time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Imperial College London", "paragraph_text": "Imperial's main campus is located in the South Kensington area of central London. It is situated in an area of South Kensington, known as Albertopolis, which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions, adjacent to the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Albert Hall. Nearby public attractions include the Kensington Palace, Hyde Park and the Kensington Gardens, the National Art Library, and the Brompton Oratory. The expansion of the South Kensington campus in the 1950s & 1960s absorbed the site of the former Imperial Institute, designed by Thomas Collcutt, of which only the 287 foot (87 m) high Queen's Tower remains among the more modern buildings.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Miss World 1974", "paragraph_text": "Miss World 1974, the 24th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 22 November 1974 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom. The event was viewed by an estimated 30 million people, and was a \"Wide World Special\" on the ABC Television Network.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Albert Chevalier", "paragraph_text": "Albert Chevalier born Albert Onésime Britannicus Gwathveoyd Louis Chevalier; (21 March 186110 July 1923), was an English music hall comedian, singer and musical theatre actor. He specialised in cockney related humour based on life as a costermonger in London during the Victorian era. Owing to this and his ability to write songs, he became known to his audiences as the \"costers' laureate\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Swansea University", "paragraph_text": "Located in the Taliesin building, the Egypt Centre is open to the public. More than 4,000 items are in its collection. Most were collected by the pharmacist and entrepreneur Sir Henry Wellcome. Others came from the British Museum, the Royal Edinburgh Museum, National Museums and Galleries of Wales Cardiff, the Royal Albert Museum and Art Gallery and private donors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "British Academy Film Awards", "paragraph_text": "The British Academy of Film and Television Arts or BAFTA Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to honour the best British and international contributions to film. The ceremonies were initially held at the flagship Odeon cinema in Leicester Square in London, before being held at the Royal Opera House from 2008 to 2016. Since 2017, the ceremony has been held at the Royal Albert Hall in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Spectre (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", "paragraph_text": "The Last Jedi had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 9, 2017. The European premiere was held at London's Royal Albert Hall on December 12, 2017, with a red carpet event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest", "paragraph_text": "Year Location Venue Presenters 1960 London Royal Festival Hall Katie Boyle 1963 BBC Television Centre 1968 Royal Albert Hall 1972 Edinburgh Usher Hall Moira Shearer Brighton Brighton Dome Katie Boyle 1977 London Wembley Conference Centre Angela Rippon 1982 Harrogate Harrogate International Centre Jan Leeming 1998 Birmingham National Indoor Arena Ulrika Jonsson and Terry Wogan", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "1988 Wightman Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 1988 Wightman Cup (also known as the 1988 British Car Auctions Wightman Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 60th and final edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Kensington Roof Gardens", "paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Proms", "paragraph_text": "The Proms, more formally known as the BBC Proms or Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight - week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hall in central London, England, UK. Founded in 1895, seasons now consist of concerts in Albert Hall, chamber music concerts at Cadogan Hall, additional Proms in the Park events across the UK on the Last Night of the Proms, and associated educational and children's events. The season is a significant event in British culture. In classical music, Jiří Bělohlávek described the Proms as ``the world's largest and most democratic musical festival ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Warsaw", "paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Prince Albert Arts Centre", "paragraph_text": "As well as being a heritage site, it is still in operation today as the Prince Albert Arts Centre for various visual arts clubs and galleries for exhibitions, including the John V. Hicks Gallery, which features local and regional art exhibitions coordinated by the Prince Albert Council for the Arts. Between 1911 and 1937, the old City Hall helped to house the Prince Albert Public Library in its upstairs rooms.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Embassy of France, London", "paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in London is the diplomatic mission of France to the United Kingdom. Located just off Knightsbridge at Albert Gate, one of the entrances to Hyde Park, it is situated immediately opposite the Embassy of Kuwait.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens", "paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Miss World 1976", "paragraph_text": "Miss World 1976, the 26th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 18 November 1976 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom. The winner was Cindy Breakspeare from Jamaica. She was crowned by Miss World 1975, Wilnelia Merced of Puerto Rico. Runner-up was Karen Jo Pini representing Australia, third was Diana Marie Roberts Duenas from Guam, fourth was Carol Jean Grant of United Kingdom, and fifth was Merja Helena Tammi from Finland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Brisbane Festival Hall", "paragraph_text": "Brisbane Festival Hall was an indoor arena located on the southern corner of Albert Street and Charlotte Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "London", "paragraph_text": "The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 26310, "question": "Where in London are the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall located?", "answer": "in Kensington", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 83050, "question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public", "answer": "1980s", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re", "paragraph_text": "Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re is a Roman Catholic church (minor basilica) in Rome, designed between the 1920s and 1930s by Marcello Piacentini.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Languages of South America", "paragraph_text": "Spanish is the majority language of South America, by a small margin. Portuguese, with slightly fewer speakers than Spanish, is the second most spoken language on the continent.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Languages of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language. Minority languages include indigenous languages and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Cuore (album)", "paragraph_text": "Cuore is the twelfth studio album, and sixteenth album overall, by Gianna Nannini. It was released in 1998 on Polydor Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Southern Europe", "paragraph_text": "The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Beast in the Heart", "paragraph_text": "The Beast in the Heart (\"La bestia nel cuore\" / a.k.a. \"Don't Tell\") is a 2005 film directed by Cristina Comencini, based on the novel written by herself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nicaraguan Sign Language", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, a vocational school for deaf adolescents was opened in the area of Managua called Villa Libertad. By 1983, there were over 400 deaf students enrolled in the two schools. Initially, the language program emphasized spoken Spanish and lipreading, and the use of signs by teachers was limited to fingerspelling (using simple signs to sign the alphabet). The program achieved little success, with most students failing to grasp the concept of Spanish words.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Indian rupee sign", "paragraph_text": "The Indian rupee sign (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the currency sign for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by D. Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an ``open ''competition among Indian residents. The symbol uses U + 20B9 ₹Indian Rupee Sign Unicode character. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language, an appropriate abbreviation in that language. The new sign relates solely to the Indian rupee; other countries that use a rupee, such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal, still use the generic U + 20A8 Rs Rupee Sign character.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Ancient Egypt", "paragraph_text": "The Egyptian language is a northern Afro-Asiatic language closely related to the Berber and Semitic languages. It has the second longest known history of any language (after Sumerian), having been written from c. 3200 BC to the Middle Ages and remaining as a spoken language for longer. The phases of ancient Egyptian are Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian (Classical Egyptian), Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. Egyptian writings do not show dialect differences before Coptic, but it was probably spoken in regional dialects around Memphis and later Thebes.Ancient Egyptian was a synthetic language, but it became more analytic later on. Late Egyptian developed prefixal definite and indefinite articles, which replaced the older inflectional suffixes. There was a change from the older verb–subject–object word order to subject–verb–object. The Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts were eventually replaced by the more phonetic Coptic alphabet. Coptic is still used in the liturgy of the Egyptian Orthodox Church, and traces of it are found in modern Egyptian Arabic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Togo", "paragraph_text": "Togo is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. Of the 39 languages, the sole official language is French. Two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe; French: Evé) and Kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pio Piacentini", "paragraph_text": "Pio Piacentini (5 September 1846 – 4 April 1928) was an Italian architect, the father of Marcello Piacentini. He is best known for his Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Languages of Sierra Leone", "paragraph_text": "Sierra Leone is a multilingual country. English is the de facto official language, and Krio is the most widely spoken and is spoken in different countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": "Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Languages of the Falkland Islands", "paragraph_text": "The only official language of the Falkland Islands is English, and this is spoken by almost everyone on a day-to-day basis. Spanish is spoken by 10% of the population, a significant minority. Most of the Spanish speakers are immigrants, foreign workers, and expats, predominantly from Chile and Argentina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Languages of Mexico", "paragraph_text": "Many different languages are spoken in Mexico. The indigenous languages are from eleven distinct language families, including four isolates and one that immigrated from the United States. The Mexican government recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous, including around 350 dialects of those languages. The large majority of the population is monolingual in Spanish. Some immigrant and indigenous populations are bilingual, while some indigenous people are monolingual in their languages. Mexican Sign Language is spoken by much of the deaf population, and there are one or two indigenous sign languages as well.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gonja language", "paragraph_text": "The Gonja language is a North Guang language spoken by an estimated 230,000 people, almost all of whom are of the Gonja ethnic group of northern Ghana. Related to Guang languages in the south of Ghana, it is spoken by about a third of the population in the northern region. The Brong-Ahafo and Volta regions lie to the south of the Gonja-speaking area, while Dagombas, Mamprussis and Walas are to the north. Its dialects are Gonja and Choruba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Wood Frisian", "paragraph_text": "Wood Frisian (West Frisian: \"Wâldfrysk\") is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Dutch province of Friesland, which is called \"Wâlden\" (English: \"woods\"). The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen, the province to the east of Friesland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Indian rupee sign", "paragraph_text": "The Indian rupee sign (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the currency sign for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an ``open ''competition among Indian residents. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language, an appropriate abbreviation in that language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lithuanian language", "paragraph_text": "Lithuanian (Lithuanian: lietuvių kalba) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200 thousand abroad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Dialect", "paragraph_text": "Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 94119, "question": "Who was the designor of Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re?", "answer": "Marcello Piacentini", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 657305, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Italian", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary", "paragraph_text": "The Feast of the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary is an optional memorial celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church on 12 September. It has been a universal Roman Rite feast since 1684, when Pope Innocent XI included it in the General Roman Calendar to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. It was removed from the Church calendar in the liturgical reform following Vatican II but restored by Pope Saint John Paul II in 2002, along with the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gregorian calendar", "paragraph_text": "The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Giuseppe Pittau", "paragraph_text": "Born in Villacidro, Italy, Pittau was ordained to the priesthood for the Society of Jesus on 18 March 1959. On 28 July 1998 Pope John Paul II appointed Pittau titular archbishop of Castro di Sardegna and secretary of the Congregation for Catholic Education and Pittau was ordained on 26 September 1998. He was also rector of Sophia University in Tokyo, and of the Gregorian University in Rome. On 25 November 2003, Pittau retired. Pittau died on Friday 26 December 2014. Before his service in the Congregation for Catholic Education, he had assisted the Jesuit that Pope John Paul II had chosen in the early 1980s, Cardinal Paolo Dezza, S.J., to govern the order following the incapacitation due to a stroke of their then-superior general, Father Pedro Arrupe, S.J. Pope Francis made reference to the services he had rendered in Tokyo and at the Gregorian, the Roman Curia, and to the Society in the telegram of condolence he sent to the Jesuit superior general, Father Adolfo Nicolas, S.J., upon learning of his death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church. The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX (pope 1049–1054), and provided the ideology of the clerical independence that led to the Investiture Controversy in the late 11th century. This involved Pope Gregory VII (pope 1073–85) and Emperor Henry IV, who initially clashed over episcopal appointments, a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony. The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands, but the papacy insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords. These issues remained unresolved after the compromise of 1122 known as the Concordat of Worms. The dispute represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities. It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ted White (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Born in Southampton, England, White was first elected in the North Vancouver riding in 1993 as a Reform Party of Canada candidate in the 35th Canadian Parliament. He was re-elected in 1997 and 2000. During his years as a Member of Parliament, his Reform party would become known as the Canadian Alliance party, then become part of the Conservative Party of Canada. White was defeated in the 2004 federal election by Liberal candidate Don Bell.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "William Michael Cosgrove", "paragraph_text": "Cosgrove was born in Canton, Ohio, and attended Saint Ignatius High School (Cleveland) and John Carroll University. He was ordained to the priesthood on December 18, 1943. On June 12, 1968, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Cleveland and Titular Bishop of Trisipa by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 3 from Bishop Clarence George Issenmann with bishops John Francis Whealon and Harold Robert Perry as co-consecrators.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gregorian calendar", "paragraph_text": "The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included reducing the number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making 3 out of 4 centurial years common instead of leap years. Lilius also produced an original and practical scheme for adjusting the epacts of the moon when calculating the annual date of Easter, solving a long-standing obstacle to calendar reform.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)", "paragraph_text": "Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 about half were Italian by 1994 the number was reduced to one third. Their influence in the election of the Pope has been considered important, they are better informed and connected than the dislocated cardinals but their level of unity has been varied. Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons. Later the number increased. As late as 1939 almost half of the cardinals were members of the curia. Pius XII reduced this percentage to 24 percent. John XXIII brought it back up to 37 percent but Paul VI brought it down to 27 percent where John Paul II has maintained this ratio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "James Naanman Daman", "paragraph_text": "James Naanman Daman was born on April 10, 1956, in Miket, Nigeria. Other sources say he was born in Kwa, Nigeria. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1982 by Pope John Paul II. Daman was named bishop of the Diocese of Jalingo, Nigeria, in 2000 and was named the first bishop of the Diocese of Shendam in 2007. He died in his sleep in his residence on January 12, 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. \"During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.\":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. \"Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for \"Of the celibate priesthood\"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help", "paragraph_text": "The feast day of the image is celebrated on June 27, with novena devotions held every Wednesday. Under Pope Pius XII's Pontificate, the image was designated as the national Patroness of the Republic of Haiti and Almoradi, Spain. In addition, Pope John Paul II issued a canonical coronation for a similar image in Jaworzno, Poland in 16 June 1999.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pope Mark", "paragraph_text": "Some evidence suggests that the early lists of bishops and martyrs known as the \"Depositio episcoporum\" and \"Depositio martyrum\" were begun during his pontificate. Per the \"Liber Pontificalis\", Pope Mark issued a constitution investing the Bishop of Ostia with a pallium and confirming his power to consecrate newly elected popes. Also per the \"Liber Pontificalis\", Pope Mark is credited with the foundation of the Basilica of San Marco in Rome, and a cemetery church over the Catacomb of Balbina, just outside the city on lands obtained as a donation from Emperor Constantine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Protestantism", "paragraph_text": "On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The theses debated and criticised the Church and the papacy, but concentrated upon the selling of indulgences and doctrinal policies about purgatory, particular judgment, and the authority of the pope. He would later write works on the Catholic devotion to Virgin Mary, the intercession of and devotion to the saints, the sacraments, mandatory clerical celibacy, monasticism, further on the authority of the pope, the ecclesiastical law, censure and excommunication, the role of secular rulers in religious matters, the relationship between Christianity and the law, good works, and the sacraments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Giuseppe Siri", "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Siri (20 May 1906 – 2 May 1989) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Genoa from 1946 to 1987, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1953 by Pope Pius XII. Some sedevacantist groups believe a conspiracy theory known as the Siri thesis, which states that Siri was elected during the 1958 papal conclave that elected Angelo Roncalli as John XXIII. Siri never held these views and accepted the authority of John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I, and John Paul II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Oswald Gracias", "paragraph_text": "Oswald Gracias (born 24 December 1944) is an Indian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was appointed Latin rite Archbishop of Bombay by Pope Benedict XVI on 14 October 2006 and was raised to the cardinalate in 2007. In 2008, he became Vice-President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India; and in 2010, he was elected President. He is also the President of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences. On 13 April 2013, he was appointed to the eight-member Council of Cardinals, informally the Council of Cardinal Advisers, established by Pope Francis to help with governing the Catholic Church and reforming its central administration. He had been mentioned as a possible contender to succeed Pope Benedict XVI, who resigned in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Pope Paul VI", "paragraph_text": "After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963. In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As \"his pontifical goals\" he mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Antipope Ursicinus", "paragraph_text": "Ursicinus, also known as Ursinus, was elected pope in a violently contested election in 366 as a rival to Pope Damasus I. He ruled in Rome for several months in 366–367, was afterwards declared antipope, and died after 381.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem", "paragraph_text": "Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem was an apostolic letter issued against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), during the Council of Lyon, 17 July 1245, the third year of his pontificate.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)", "paragraph_text": "Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally. He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors. His action deprived twenty-five living cardinals, including the three living cardinals elevated by Pope Pius XI, of the right to participate in a conclave.[citation needed] Popes can dispense from church laws and have sometimes brought the number of cardinals under the age of 80 to more than 120. Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 22156, "question": "What did Paul want to reform as a newly elected pope?", "answer": "Canon Law", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 22195, "question": "In what year was #1 issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood?", "answer": "1983", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Chinese Exclusion Act", "paragraph_text": "The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the US -- China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the US to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. It was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Eurico Gaspar Dutra", "paragraph_text": "Eurico Gaspar Dutra (; May 18, 1883 – June 11, 1974) was a Brazilian military leader and politician who served as 16th President of Brazil from 1946 to 1951. He was the first President of the Second Brazilian Republic which immediately followed the Vargas Regime.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Gothic architecture", "paragraph_text": "By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "County of Sicily", "paragraph_text": "The County of Sicily, also known as County of Sicily and Calabria, was a Norman state comprising the islands of Sicily and Malta and part of Calabria from 1071 until 1130. The county began to form during the Christian reconquest of Sicily (1061–91) from the Muslim Emirate, established by conquest in 965. The county is thus a transitional period in the history of Sicily. After the Muslims had been defeated and either forced out or incorporated into the Norman military, a further period of transition took place for the county and the Sicilians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Maria Cotescu", "paragraph_text": "Maria Cotescu (sometimes shown as Maria Cottescu or Marica Cottescu) (1896–1980) was one of the first female Romanian architects. She was most prolific in the period between the wars and was one of the few architects of the period whose theoretical design writings were parallel to her design implementation. She is most known for large industrial works, like the Romanian Railway Company's industrial and office project.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "United States presidential line of succession", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent President becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office. (A President can be removed from office by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate.) The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States. The Cabinet currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State, and followed by the rest in the order of their positions' creation. Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as President are also ineligible to succeed the President by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Joseph Dupuy Eggleston", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Dupuy Eggleston II (November 13, 1867 – March 15, 1953) was an American educator, the seventh president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), and the 27th president of Hampden-Sydney College. Eggleston also served as a public school teacher and administrator and as the chief of the Division of Rural Education for the United States Bureau of Education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gerald Ford", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 -- December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977, following the resignation of Richard Nixon. Prior to this he served eight months as the 40th Vice President of the United States, following the resignation of Spiro Agnew. He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, and consequently the only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to executive office. Before his appointment to the vice presidency, Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "State Council of the Soviet Union", "paragraph_text": "Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union Republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power to elect a premier, or a person who would take Gorbachev's place if absent; the office of Vice President of the Soviet Union had been abolished following the failed August Coup that very same year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "James Buchanan", "paragraph_text": "James Buchanan Jr. (/ bjuːˈkænən /; April 23, 1791 -- June 1, 1868) was the 15th President of the United States (1857 -- 61), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. Historians fault him for his failure to address the issue of slavery, bringing the nation to the brink of the Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of State and had served in the Senate and House of Representatives before becoming president.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States presidential line of succession", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office (by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate). The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices. The succession follows the order of vice president, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States. The Cabinet currently has fifteen members, beginning with the Secretary of State, and followed by the rest in the order of their positions' creation. Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as president are also ineligible to succeed the president by succession, for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Joseph Pannell Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Pannell Taylor (May 4, 1796 – June 29, 1864) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War. He was the younger brother of Zachary Taylor, the 12th President of the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Zizek!", "paragraph_text": "Zizek!, sometimes written as Žižek!, is a 2005 documentary film directed by Astra Taylor. An international co-production of the United States and Canada, its subject is philosopher and psychoanalyst Slavoj Žižek, a prolific author and former candidate for the Presidency of Slovenia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Woodrow Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 -- February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and as Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as ``Wilsonianism. ''He was one of the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations, but he was unable to win Senate approval for U.S. participation in the League.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a \"prolific goal setter\" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of successful business ventures and investments.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Beginning and the End (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Beginning and the End (بداية ونهاية) is a novel by Naguib Mahfouz, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1988. An Egyptian, Naguib has been credited with modernizing Arabic literature, with his prolific writing style and his themes on existentialism. The novel is marked by very bold characterization, for the time period that the story is set in. The story moves at a prolific pace and tries to look at the world from each character's view point.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Red Scare", "paragraph_text": "A ``Red Scare ''is promotion of widespread fear by a society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States with this name. The First Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War II, was preoccupied with national or foreign communists infiltrating or subverting U.S. society or the federal government.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years. Their combined work informed the study of imperialism and it's impact on Europe, as well as contributed to reflections on the rise of the military-political complex in the United States from the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation. Hobson theorized that state intervention through taxation could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chinese Exclusion Act", "paragraph_text": "The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the U.S. -- China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. It was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a \"prolific goal setter\" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of lucrative business ventures and investments.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 42169, "question": "When were Joseph Schumpeter and Norman Angell at their most prolific writing period?", "answer": "before World War I", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 53910, "question": "who was president of the united states immediately following #1 i", "answer": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[ "Woodrow Wilson" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States", "paragraph_text": "According to a Rasmussen poll conducted in 2007, six presidents -- George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and John F. Kennedy -- were rated favorably by at least 80% of Americans.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Roosevelt family", "paragraph_text": "The Roosevelt family is an American business and political family from New York whose members have included two United States Presidents, a First Lady, and various merchants, politicians, inventors, clergymen, artists, and socialites. Progeny of a mid-17th century Dutch immigrant to New Amsterdam, many members of the family became locally prominent in New York City business and politics and intermarried with prominent colonial families. Two distantly related branches of the family from Oyster Bay on Long Island and Hyde Park in Dutchess County rose to national political prominence with the elections of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt (1901 -- 1909) and his fifth cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933 -- 1945), whose wife, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, was Theodore's niece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Josip Broz Tito", "paragraph_text": "Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "First hundred days", "paragraph_text": "The first hundred days of a first - term presidency of a President of the United States are sometimes used to measure the successes and accomplishments of a president during the time that the president's power and influence are at their greatest. The term was coined in a July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 - day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "White House Press Secretary", "paragraph_text": "During the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, former journalist Stephen Early became the first White House secretary charged only with press responsibilities. The manner in which Early approached his portfolio and increasingly high - profile nature of the job have led many to state that Early is the first true White House Press Secretary, both in function and in formal title. Prior to joining the Roosevelt campaign and administration Early had served as an editor to the military paper Stars and Stripes and also as a reporter for the Associated Press. When Roosevelt was nominated on James Cox's ticket as the vice presidential nominee in 1920, he asked Early to serve as an advance representative. As an advance representative, Early traveled ahead of the campaign, arranged for logistics and attempted to promote positive coverage for the candidates.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of currencies", "paragraph_text": "Rupiah -- Indonesia Indonesian rupiah -- Indonesia Italian Somaliland rupia -- Italian Somaliland Riau rupiah -- Riau West New Guinea rupiah -- West New Guinea", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Four Freedoms", "paragraph_text": "The Four Freedoms were goals articulated by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech (technically the 1941 State of the Union address), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people ``everywhere in the world ''ought to enjoy:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "History of the United Nations", "paragraph_text": "The text of the ``Declaration of United Nations ''was drafted by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Roosevelt aide Harry Hopkins, while meeting at the White House on 29 December 1941. It incorporated Soviet suggestions, but left no role for France. The first official use of the term`` United Nations'' was on 1 -- 2 January 1942 when 26 Governments signed the Declaration. One major change from the Atlantic Charter was the addition of a provision for religious freedom, which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted. By early 1945 it had been signed by 21 more states.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States", "paragraph_text": "George Washington holds the record for most Supreme Court nominations, with 14 nominations (12 of which were confirmed). Making the second-most nominations were Franklin D. Roosevelt and John Tyler, with nine each (all nine of Roosevelt's were confirmed, while only one of Tyler's was). Three presidents -- William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, and Jimmy Carter -- did not make any nominations, as there were no vacancies while they were in office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dust Bowl", "paragraph_text": "During President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first 100 days in office in 1933, his administration quickly initiated programs to conserve soil and restore the ecological balance of the nation. Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes established the Soil Erosion Service in August 1933 under Hugh Hammond Bennett. In 1935, it was transferred and reorganized under the Department of Agriculture and renamed the Soil Conservation Service. It is now known as the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "USS Phelps (DD-360)", "paragraph_text": "\"Phelps\" was laid down 2 January 1934 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts; launched 18 July 1935; sponsored by Mrs. Richard A. Kearny; and commissioned 26 February 1936, Commander Albert H. Rooks in command. In November 1936 \"Phelps\", along with the cruiser \"Chester\", escorted the heavy cruiser \"Indianapolis\" carrying President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Buenos Aires, Argentina for the opening of the Inter-American Peace Conference of 1936. The cruise included good-will visits to Montevideo, Uruguay and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Eritrea", "paragraph_text": "In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "State of the Union", "paragraph_text": "For many years, the speech was referred to as ``the President's Annual Message to Congress ''. The actual term`` State of the Union'' first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its generally accepted name since 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "paragraph_text": "Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a \"Court Packing\" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Greenway Avenue Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Greenway Avenue Stadium, located in Cumberland, Maryland serves as the primary athletics stadium for Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Greenway Avenue Stadium was constructed in the 1930s by the Public Works Administration as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "James S. Brady Press Briefing Room", "paragraph_text": "In 1969, to accommodate the growing number of reporters assigned to the White House, President Richard Nixon had the indoor swimming pool, which had been installed by the March of Dimes for Franklin D. Roosevelt, covered and turned into press offices and a lounge that could double as a briefing room.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Eliot Janeway", "paragraph_text": "Eliot Janeway (January 1, 1913—February 8, 1993), born Eliot Jacobstein, was an American economist, journalist and author, widely quoted during his lifetime, whose career spanned seven decades. For a time his ideas gained some influence within the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and he was an informal economic advisor to Lyndon B. Johnson, especially during Johnson's years in Congress, though he broke with Johnson over the economics of the Vietnam War. His eclectic approach focused on the interaction between political pressures, economic policy and market trends. He was at times a vigorous critic of the economic policies of presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan. His enduring pessimism about US economic prospects earned him the nickname \"Calamity Janeway\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Columbus Day", "paragraph_text": "Many Italian - Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of their heritage, and the first such celebration was held in New York City on October 12, 1866. The day was first enshrined as a legal holiday in the United States through the lobbying of Angelo Noce, a first generation Italian, in Denver. The first statewide holiday was proclaimed by Colorado governor Jesse F. McDonald in 1905, and it was made a statutory holiday in 1907. In April 1934, as a result of lobbying by the Knights of Columbus and New York City Italian leader Generoso Pope, Congress and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proclaimed October 12 a federal holiday under the name Columbus Day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Josip Broz Tito", "paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Harry S. Truman", "paragraph_text": "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 -- December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945 -- 1953), taking the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. A World War I veteran, he assumed the presidency during the waning months of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. He is known for implementing the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, for the establishment of the Truman Doctrine and NATO against Soviet and Chinese Communism, and for intervening in the Korean War. In domestic affairs, he was a moderate Democrat whose liberal proposals were a continuation of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, but the conservative - dominated Congress blocked most of them. He used the veto power 180 times, more than any president since and saw 12 overridden by Congress; only Grover Cleveland and Franklin D. Roosevelt used the veto so often and only Gerald Ford and Andrew Johnson saw so many veto overrides. He is the only world leader to have used nuclear weapons in war. He desegregated the U.S. Armed Forces, supported a newly independent Israel and was a founder of the United Nations.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 15104, "question": "Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?", "answer": "Emperor Haile Selassie", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 8955, "question": "When did Tito first visit #1 ?", "answer": "1954", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and \"a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question\". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the \"Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit\". The combined effect is a \"rapid deterioration\" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In England, Presbyterianism was established in secret in 1592. Thomas Cartwright is thought to be the first Presbyterian in England. Cartwright's controversial lectures at Cambridge University condemning the episcopal hierarchy of the Elizabethan Church led to his deprivation of his post by Archbishop John Whitgift and his emigration abroad. Between 1645 and 1648, a series of ordinances of the Long Parliament established Presbyterianism as the polity of the Church of England. Presbyterian government was established in London and Lancashire and in a few other places in England, although Presbyterian hostility to the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the republican Commonwealth of England meant that Parliament never enforced the Presbyterian system in England. The re-establishment of the monarchy in 1660 brought the return of Episcopal church government in England (and in Scotland for a short time); but the Presbyterian church in England continued in Non-Conformity, outside of the established church. In 1719 a major split, the Salter's Hall controversy, occurred; with the majority siding with nontrinitarian views. Thomas Bradbury published several sermons bearing on the controversy, and in 1719, \"An answer to the reproaches cast on the dissenting ministers who subscribed their belief of the Eternal Trinity.\". By the 18th century many English Presbyterian congregations had become Unitarian in doctrine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Malawi has 150 congregations and 17 000–20 000 members. It was a mission of the Free Presbyterian church of Scotland. The Restored Reformed Church works with RPCM. Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Malawi is an existing small church. Part of the Presbyterian Church in Malawi and Zambia is known as CCAP, Church of Central Africa-Presbyterian. Often the churches there have one main congregation and a number of Prayer Houses develop. education, health ministries as well as worship and spiritual development are important.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria", "paragraph_text": "Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasius used \"Arian\" to describe both followers of Arius, and as a derogatory polemical term for Christians who disagreed with his formulation of the Trinity. Athanasius called many of his opponents \"Arian\", except for Miletus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT) is by far the largest Protestant denomination in Taiwan, with some 238,372 members as of 2009 (including a majority of the island's aborigines). English Presbyterian missionary James Laidlaw Maxwell established the first Presbyterian church in Tainan in 1865. His colleague George Leslie Mackay, of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, was active in Danshui and north Taiwan from 1872 to 1901; he founded the island's first university and hospital, and created a written script for Taiwanese Minnan. The English and Canadian missions joined together as the PCT in 1912. One of the few churches permitted to operate in Taiwan through the era of Japanese rule (1895–1945), the PCT experienced rapid growth during the era of Guomindang-imposed martial law (1949–1987), in part due to its support for democracy, human rights, and Taiwan independence. Former ROC president Lee Teng-hui (in office 1988–2000) is a Presbyterian.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "British Moment", "paragraph_text": "The British Moment is a term, first used by The Henry Jackson Society, to describe the alleged growth of British global influence in recent years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Welsh Presbyterian Church (Columbus, Ohio)", "paragraph_text": "The Welsh Presbyterian Church is a historic former church in downtown Columbus, Ohio, United States. Used as a church only for a few decades, the building has seen many uses over the ensuing decades, ranging from commercial to government-affiliated to social services. Because of its architecture, the building has been named a historic site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Guinston United Presbyterian Church", "paragraph_text": "Guinston United Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church building located at Chanceford Township, Pennsylvania, York County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1773, and is a one-story, fieldstone building with minimal ornamentation. It features paneled semi-circular inserts above the doors and rounded arch windows. It replaced an earlier log church built in 1754. In 1867, the church began use as a Sabbath School when a new sanctuary was built nearby.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Centretown United Church", "paragraph_text": "Centretown United Church is an historic church located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada at 507 Bank Street at Argyle in the Centretown area. It was built in 1906 as the Stewarton Presbyterian Church using Gothic Revival architecture under the architecture of Moses Chamberlain Edey, (designer of Heritage site the Aberdeen Pavilion and the Daly Building. The corner stone was laid by Sir Mortimer Clarke, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. Centretown United Church is a member church of the United Church of Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Presbyterian Reformed Church (North America)", "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Reformed Church is a Christian denomination that was founded in Ontario, Canada on November 17, 1965, whose churches continue the historic Scottish Presbyterian orthodoxy in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, on the basis of a conviction that these principles and practices are founded in and are agreeable to the Word of God.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Presbyterianism", "paragraph_text": "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Redeemer Seminary", "paragraph_text": "Redeemer Seminary in Dallas was founded by Westminster Theological Seminary as a Texas campus in 1999 before officially becoming an independent institution in 2009. Westminster Seminary itself was founded in 1929 after breaking away from the Princeton Theological Seminary (founded 1812) over theological disagreements regarding liberal and conservative interpretations of the Bible within the Presbyterian tradition. Redeemer has faculty members ordained in the Presbyterian Church in America, the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 3648, "question": "What government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route?", "answer": "Taiwan.", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 20314, "question": "In what era did The Presbyterian Church in #1 experience a large growth in members?", "answer": "era of Guomindang", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[ "Guomindang" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gladwin Hill", "paragraph_text": "Gladwin Hill (June 16, 1914, Boston – September 19, 1992, Los Angeles) was an American journalist who was a member of the famed Writing 69th, a group of reporters who trained and flew on bombing missions with the Eighth Air Force.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "East Prussia", "paragraph_text": "At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of Rastenburg and Gumbinnen, in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hundred Days Offensive", "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive essentially pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line, and was followed by an armistice. The term ``Hundred Days Offensive ''does not refer to a specific battle or unified strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories starting with the Battle of Amiens.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Military history of the United States", "paragraph_text": "By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or \"doughboys\" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offensives. The German Navy and home front then revolted and a new German government signed a conditional surrender, the Armistice, ending the war against the western front on November 11, 1918.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Western Front (World War I)", "paragraph_text": "The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The tide of the advance was dramatically turned with the Battle of the Marne. Following the Race to the Sea, both sides dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France, which changed little except during early 1917 and in 1918.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Imperialism", "paragraph_text": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I, they remained active in the interwar years. Their combined work informed the study of imperialism and it's impact on Europe, as well as contributed to reflections on the rise of the military-political complex in the United States from the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation. Hobson theorized that state intervention through taxation could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Battle of Königsberg", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Transylvania", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Transylvania was the first major operation of the Romanian forces Campaign during World War I, beginning on 27 August 1916. It started as an attempt by the Romanian Army to seize the disputed province of Transylvania, and potentially knock Austria-Hungary out of the war. Although initially successful, the offensive was brought to a halt after Bulgaria's attack on Dobruja. Coupled with a successful German and Austro-Hungarian counterattack which started in mid-September, the Romanian Army was eventually forced to retreat back to the Carpathians by mid-October. The Romanian armies however managed to escape the Central Powers' attempts to completely destroy them. The Battle of Transylvania also caused the replacement of the Chief of Staff of the German Army and the shifting of German attention to the region, causing German offensive operations at Verdun to cease.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Schlieffen Plan", "paragraph_text": "The Schlieffen Plan (German: Schlieffen - Plan, pronounced (ʃliːfən plaːn)) was the name given after World War I to the thinking behind the German invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the Imperial Army German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, devised a deployment plan for a war - winning offensive, in a one - front war against the French Third Republic from 1905 -- 06. After the war, the German official historians of the Reichsarchiv and other writers, described the plan as a blueprint for victory. German historians claimed that the plan had been ruined by Generaloberst (Colonel - General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, the Commander - in - Chief of the German army after Schlieffen retired in 1906, who was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5 -- 12 September 1914).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Walter Schlesinger", "paragraph_text": "Walter Schlesinger (April 28, 1908, Glauchau – June 10, 1984, Weimar-Wolfshausen, near Marburg) was a German historian of medieval social and economic institutions, particularly in the context of German regional history (\"Landesgeschichte\"). Schlesinger is widely recognized as one of the most influential and prolific scholars of medieval social history in the post-war period.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)", "paragraph_text": "Once the threat of western air-strikes had passed, the Army launched a new offensive against rebel positions on 10 September, primarily in the southern suburbs of Damascus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "59th (2nd North Midland) Division", "paragraph_text": "The 59th (2nd North Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I. It was formed in late 1914/early 1915 as a 2nd Line Territorial Force formation raised as a duplicate of the 46th (North Midland) Division. After training in the United Kingdom and saw service in the Easter Rising in April 1916, the division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in early 1917. It saw action at Ypres and Cambrai, and was almost destroyed during the German Army's Spring Offensive in March 1918. The reconstituted division took part in the final advances of the war.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Maria Cotescu", "paragraph_text": "Maria Cotescu (sometimes shown as Maria Cottescu or Marica Cottescu) (1896–1980) was one of the first female Romanian architects. She was most prolific in the period between the wars and was one of the few architects of the period whose theoretical design writings were parallel to her design implementation. She is most known for large industrial works, like the Romanian Railway Company's industrial and office project.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "History of the United States Army", "paragraph_text": "The United States joined World War I in April 1917 on the side of the Triple Entente (British Empire, France, and Russia). Because of the necessary period of training before the units were moved overseas, the first elements of the American Expeditionary Forces arrived in June 1917. Their first actions of the Western Front came in October 1917. U.S. troops contributed to the offensive that finally broke through the German lines. With the armistice on 11 November 1918, the Army once again decreased its forces.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Beginning and the End (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Beginning and the End (بداية ونهاية) is a novel by Naguib Mahfouz, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1988. An Egyptian, Naguib has been credited with modernizing Arabic literature, with his prolific writing style and his themes on existentialism. The novel is marked by very bold characterization, for the time period that the story is set in. The story moves at a prolific pace and tries to look at the world from each character's view point.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Herbert Ihlefeld", "paragraph_text": "Herbert Ihlefeld (1 June 1914 – 8 August 1995) was a German \"Luftwaffe\" military aviator during the Spanish Civil War and World War II, a fighter ace listed with 130 enemy aircraft shot down in over 1,000 combat missions. He claimed seven victories in the Spanish Civil War, and during World War II, 67 on the Eastern Front and 56 on the Western Front, including 15 four-engined bombers and 26 Supermarine Spitfires. He survived being shot down eight times during his 1,000 combat missions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "History of Germany during World War I", "paragraph_text": "During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers that lost the war. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria - Hungary. German forces fought the Allies on both the eastern and western fronts, although German territory itself remained relatively safe from widespread invasion for most of the war, except for a brief period in 1914 when East Prussia was invaded. A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of 1916 -- 17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Battle of the Bulge", "paragraph_text": "Result Allied victory Western Allied offensive plans delayed by five or six weeks Disastrous offensive in the Ardennes exhausted the resources of Germany on the Western Front. The German collapse opened the way for the Allies to ultimately break the Siegfried Line Soviet offensive in Poland launched on 12 January 1945, eight days earlier than originally intended.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Western Front (World War I)", "paragraph_text": "The German Army came within 70 km (43 mi) of Paris but at the First Battle of the Marne (6 -- 12 September), French and British troops were able to force a German retreat by exploiting a gap which appeared between the 1st and 2nd Armies, ending the German advance into France. The German Army retreated north of the Aisne River and dug in there, establishing the beginnings of a static western front that was to last for the next three years. Following this German retirement, the opposing forces made reciprocal outflanking manoeuvres, known as the Race for the Sea and quickly extended their trench systems from the Swiss frontier to the North Sea. The territory occupied by Germany held 64 percent of French pig - iron production, 24 percent of its steel manufacturing and 40 percent of the coal industry -- dealing a serious blow to French industry.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Hundred Days Offensive", "paragraph_text": "The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was an Allied offensive which ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed Central Powers back after their gains from the Spring Offensive. The Germans eventually retreated to the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The term \"Hundred Days Offensive\" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German armies had no reply.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 42169, "question": "When were Joseph Schumpeter and Norman Angell at their most prolific writing period?", "answer": "before World War I", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 56335, "question": "where was the initial german offensive on #1 i western front stopped in september 1914", "answer": "First Battle of the Marne", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Battle of the Marne" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Way Some People Die", "paragraph_text": "The Way Some People Die is a detective mystery written in 1951 by American author Ross Macdonald. It is the third book featuring his private eye Lew Archer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ressurreição", "paragraph_text": "Ressurreição (\"Resurrection\") is a novel written by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. It was first published in 1872. The author explained in this book that his idea when he wrote the book was put on action this thinking of Shakespeare:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tex Willer", "paragraph_text": "Native Americans are portrayed in a complex way, emphasizing positive and negative aspects of their culture. The same can be said of the American authorities, like the U.S. Army, the politicians, the business-men, the sheriffs or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tex had a son, named \"Kit\" (who would become a ranger too), with a Native American woman, named \"Lilyth\", the daughter of a Navajo Chief (she would later die of smallpox). Later, Tex himself went on to become the Chief of the Navajo tribe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "A Right to Die", "paragraph_text": "A Right to Die is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Op-die-Berg", "paragraph_text": "Op-die-Berg is a settlement in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located north of Ceres in the Kouebokkeveld region, synonymous with cherry orchards and occasional heavy snowfalls in winter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Literary analysis of it is sparse, considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, \"an astonishing phenomenon\". In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one \"every adult should read before they die\". It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Willy Puchner", "paragraph_text": "Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects \"Die 90-jährigen\" (At the Age of 90), \"Dialog mit dem Alter\" (Dialogue with the High Age), \"Die 100-jährigen\" (At the Age of 100), \"Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie\" (Oral History and Photography) and \"Liebe im Alter\" (Love at High Age).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nuremberg Chronicle", "paragraph_text": "Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English-speakers have long referred to it as the \"Nuremberg Chronicle\" after the city in which it was published. German-speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die", "paragraph_text": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Dead Stay Young", "paragraph_text": "The Dead Stay Young (\"Die Toten Bleiben Jung\") is a 1949 novel by German author Anna Seghers. The book describes Communists secretly working in Germany between the end of World War I and the outbreak of World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Journey to the East", "paragraph_text": "Journey to the East is a short novel by German author Hermann Hesse. It was first published in German in 1932 as \"Die Morgenlandfahrt\". This novel came directly after his biggest international success, \"Narcissus and Goldmund\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Marlborough Region", "paragraph_text": "The Marlborough Region, commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the regions of New Zealand, located in the northeast of the South Island. Marlborough is a unitary authority, both a region and a district, and its council is located at Blenheim. It has a population of 46,200 (June 2017).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali", "paragraph_text": "The Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali (6.25 hectares), also known as the Giardino Botanico di Monte Faverghera, is an alpine botanical garden located in the Corpo Forestale dello Stato die Belluno on Monte Faverghera, southeast of Nevegal, Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. It is open daily except Mondays in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Machado de Assis", "paragraph_text": "Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco José de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da Câmara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by \"Dona\" Maria José de Mendonça Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. \"Dona\" Maria José became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Die Zeit, die Zeit", "paragraph_text": "Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The City of Dreaming Books", "paragraph_text": "The City of Dreaming Books (original title: \"Die Stadt der Träumenden Bücher\") is the fourth novel in the Zamonia series written and illustrated by German author Walter Moers, but the third to be translated into English by John Brownjohn. The German version was released in Autumn 2004, and the English version followed in Autumn 2007. It is followed by two sequels, \"The Labyrinth of Dreaming Books\" (2011) and \"The Castle of Dreaming Books\" (TBA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Live and Let Die (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Live and Let Die ''is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul McCartney's band Wings. It was one of the group's most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Masque of the Red Death (1989 film)", "paragraph_text": "Masque of the Red Death is a 1989 American horror film produced by Roger Corman, and directed by Larry Brand, starring Adrian Paul and Patrick Macnee. The film is a remake of the 1964 picture of the same name which was directed by Roger Corman. The screenplay, written by Daryl Haney and Larry Brand, is based upon the classic short story of the same name by American author Edgar Allan Poe, concerning the exploits of Prince Prospero, who organizes a \"bal masqué\" in his castle while the peasants of his fiefdom die from the plague in great numbers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hoërskool Menlopark", "paragraph_text": "Die Hoërskool Menlopark (Menlo Park High School) is a public Afrikaans medium co-educational high school located in Menlo Park, Pretoria, in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Learners are known as \"Parkies\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Great and the Little Love", "paragraph_text": "The Great and the Little Love (German: Die große und die kleine Liebe) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Jenny Jugo, Gustav Fröhlich, Rudi Godden. Jugo plays a stewardess working for Lufthansa. It was filmed partly on location in Italy.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 409019, "question": "Ressurreição >> author", "answer": "Machado de Assis", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 145711, "question": "At what location did #1 die?", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[ "Rio" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton", "paragraph_text": "William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton (c. 1540 – 1606) was the son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven and Margaret Erskine, a former mistress of James V of Scotland.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other, their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship. Harold C. Schonberg believes that Chopin displayed a \"tinge of jealousy and spite\" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano, and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt's theatricality, showmanship and success. Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études, and his performance of them prompted the composer to write to Hiller, \"I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies.\" However, Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments, at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all, forcing an apology. Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other, although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as \"my friend Liszt\". Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "At the Grave of Richard Wagner", "paragraph_text": "At the Grave of Richard Wagner is a studio album by the Kronos Quartet, containing works by Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and a brief \"romantic elegy\" by Franz Liszt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Louise Diane d'Orléans", "paragraph_text": "Louise Diane d'Orléans (27 June 1716 – 26 September 1736) was the sixth daughter and last child of Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans (\"Regent of the Kingdom\" from 1715 to 1723) and his wife, Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. She was born during the Regency of Philippe d'Orléans, the Regent of Louis XV of France. The Princess of Conti by marriage, she died in childbirth at the age of twenty. Some sources refer to her as \"Louis Diane\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Napoleon", "paragraph_text": "Napoleon acknowledged one illegitimate son: Charles Léon (1806–1881) by Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne. Alexandre Colonna-Walewski (1810–1868), the son of his mistress Maria Walewska, although acknowledged by Walewska's husband, was also widely known to be his child, and the DNA of his direct male descendant has been used to help confirm Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype. He may have had further unacknowledged illegitimate offspring as well, such as Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld by Emilie Victoria Kraus and Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte (1816–1907) by Albine de Montholon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sari Biro", "paragraph_text": "Sari Biro was born in Budapest in Hungary. Her name, Biro comes from a family of Grof. She began piano lessons privately at the age of six, and received a scholarship to study in the Franz Liszt Academy. There she quickly distinguished herself, so that she was chosen as the soloist in the inaugural concert of the Hungarian national broadcasting system, playing under the baton of Erno von Dohnáni.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Lady Barbara FitzRoy", "paragraph_text": "Lady Barbara FitzRoy (16 July 1672 – 6 May 1737), was the sixth and youngest child of Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, a mistress of Charles II of England. Charles never publicly acknowledged her as his child, as he was probably not the father. She became a Benedictine nun, known as \"Benedite\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Elvira's Halloween Special", "paragraph_text": "Elvira's Halloween Special is a 1986 TV special for MTV hosted by Elvira, Mistress of the Dark. The special included skits with Elvira as well as music videos.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Who shot J.R.?", "paragraph_text": "Ultimately, the person who pulled the trigger was revealed to be Kristin Shepard (Mary Crosby) in the ``Who Done It? ''episode which aired on November 21, 1980. Kristin was J.R.'s scheming sister - in - law and mistress, who shot him in a fit of anger. J.R. did not press charges, as Kristin claimed she was pregnant with his child as a result of their affair.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Home Improvement (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The series centers on the Taylor family, which consists of Tim (Tim Allen), his wife Jill (Patricia Richardson) and their three children: the oldest child, Brad (Zachery Ty Bryan), the middle child, Randy (Jonathan Taylor Thomas) and youngest child, Mark (Taran Noah Smith). The Taylors live in suburban Detroit, and have a neighbor named Wilson (Earl Hindman) who is often the go - to guy for solving the Taylors' problems.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Apollo", "paragraph_text": "It seems an oracular cult existed in Delphi from the Mycenaean ages. In historical times, the priests of Delphi were called Labryaden, \"the double-axe men\", which indicates Minoan origin. The double-axe, labrys, was the holy symbol of the Cretan labyrinth. The Homeric hymn adds that Apollo appeared as a dolphin and carried Cretan priests to Delphi, where they evidently transferred their religious practices. Apollo Delphinios was a sea-god especially worshiped in Crete and in the islands, and his name indicates his connection with Delphi and the holy serpent Delphyne (\"womb\").[citation needed] Apollo's sister Artemis, who was the Greek goddess of hunting, is identified with Britomartis (Diktynna), the Minoan \"Mistress of the animals\". In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the \"Mister of the animals\", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute. His original name is unknown, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more popular Apollo, who stood by the virgin \"Mistress of the Animals\", becoming her brother.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ms.", "paragraph_text": "``Ms ''or`` Ms.'' (normally / ˈmɪz /, but also / məz /, or / məs / when unstressed) is an English honorific used with the last name or full name of a woman, intended as a default form of address for women regardless of their marital status. Like ``Miss ''and`` Mrs.'', the term ``Ms. ''has its origins in the female English title once used for all women,`` Mistress''. It has its origin in the 17th century and was revived into mainstream usage in the 20th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "John, King of England", "paragraph_text": "John's personal life greatly affected his reign. Contemporary chroniclers state that John was sinfully lustful and lacking in piety. It was common for kings and nobles of the period to keep mistresses, but chroniclers complained that John's mistresses were married noblewomen, which was considered unacceptable. John had at least five children with mistresses during his first marriage to Isabelle of Gloucester, and two of those mistresses are known to have been noblewomen. John's behaviour after his second marriage to Isabella of Angoulême is less clear, however. None of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried, and there is no actual documentary proof of adultery after that point, although John certainly had female friends amongst the court throughout the period. The specific accusations made against John during the baronial revolts are now generally considered to have been invented for the purposes of justifying the revolt; nonetheless, most of John's contemporaries seem to have held a poor opinion of his sexual behaviour.[nb 14]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "August Conradi", "paragraph_text": "Conradi probably met Liszt in the early 1840s. He served as Liszt's copyist in Weimar in January and February 1844, and he spent 18 months there in 1848 and 1849 at Liszt's instigation. Conradi prepared copies of the initial versions of Liszt's orchestral works, making suggestions on scoring. He also assisted Liszt in assembling a \"Programme general\" of all the repertory he had played during his virtuoso years. While Conradi was an extremely hard worker, he also possessed a somewhat routine mind. When he received his appointment as Kapellmeister in Stettin in the winter of 1849, his work at Weimar was taken over by the more imaginative Joachim Raff. Nevertheless, Liszt continued to use him as a copyist. In September, 1855 Liszt wrote of his intention to send the score of his \"Psalm 13\" to Berlin so that Conradi could make a fair copy for the first performance there.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cameron Bender", "paragraph_text": "Cameron Frederick Bender (born November 20, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for playing the role of Chilton Chivers in \"Goodnight Burbank\" and Richard in \"Mistresses.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cosima Wagner", "paragraph_text": "Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837 – 1 April 1930) was the illegitimate daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly \"Parsifal\".", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bernhard Stavenhagen", "paragraph_text": "Bernhard Stavenhagen (24 November 1862 – 25 December 1914) was a German pianist, composer and conductor. His musical style was influenced by Franz Liszt, and as a conductor he was a strong advocate of new music.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Windsor Beauties", "paragraph_text": "The Windsor Beauties are a famous collection of paintings by Sir Peter Lely, painted in the early to mid-1660s, that depict ladies of the court of King Charles II, some of whom were his mistresses. The name stems from the original location of the collection, which was housed at Windsor Castle. They can now be seen at Hampton Court Palace.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Song Without End", "paragraph_text": "Song Without End, subtitled The Story of Franz Liszt (1960) is a biographical film romance made by Columbia Pictures. It was directed by Charles Vidor, who died during the shooting of the picture and was replaced by George Cukor. It was produced by William Goetz from a screenplay by Oscar Millard, revised (uncredited) by Walter Bernstein and based on screenwriter Oscar Saul's original 1952 script (uncredited). The music score was by Morris Stoloff and Harry Sukman with music by Franz Liszt, and the cinematography by James Wong Howe and Charles Lang (uncredited). The film also features music of those contemporaries of Liszt whom he unselfishly championed by featuring them in his numerous performances (e.g., Richard Wagner, Hector Berlioz, among others).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Georgina Parkinson", "paragraph_text": "Georgina Parkinson (20 August 1938 – 18 December 2009) was a British ballerina, ballet mistress and a coach at the American Ballet Theatre.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 560, "question": "What was the name of Liszt's mistress?", "answer": "Marie d'Agoult", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 568792, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Cosima Wagner", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Materialism", "paragraph_text": "The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chesapeake Bay Retriever", "paragraph_text": "A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 10.75 years (average 9.85). A US breed club survey puts the average lifespan at 9.4 years. 1 in 4 lived to 13 years or more while 1 in 5 do n't live past 5 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Australopithecus", "paragraph_text": "Then, in 1997, an almost complete Australopithecus skeleton with skull was found in the Sterkfontein caves of Gauteng, South Africa. It is now called ``Little Foot ''and it is probably around three million years old. It was named Australopithecus prometheus which has since been placed within A. africanus. Other fossil remains found in the same cave in 2008 were named Australopithecus sediba, which lived 1.9 million years ago. A. africanus probably evolved into A. sediba, which some scientists think may have evolved into H. erectus, though this is heavily disputed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Adolescence", "paragraph_text": "In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage, the youth is overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation, and begins to engage sexual experiences with same-sex partners. In the third stage of identity assumption, which usually takes place a few years after the adolescent has left home, adolescents begin to come out to their family and close friends, and assumes a self-definition as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. In the final stage, known as commitment, the young adult adopts their sexual identity as a lifestyle. Therefore, this model estimates that the process of coming out begins in childhood, and continues through the early to mid 20s. This model has been contested, and alternate ideas have been explored in recent years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age", "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 261 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 39 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 208 days).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Darian calendar", "paragraph_text": "The basic time periods from which the calendar is constructed are the Martian solar day (sometimes called a sol) and the Martian vernal equinox year, which is slightly different from the tropical year. The sol is 39 minutes 35.244 seconds longer than the Terrestrial solar day and the Martian vernal equinox year is 668.5907 sols in length (which corresponds to 686.86 days on Earth). The basic intercalation formula therefore allocates six 669-sol years and four 668-sol years to each Martian decade. The former (still called leap years even though they are more common than non-leap years) are years that are either odd (not evenly divisible by 2) or else are evenly divisible by 10, producing 6,686 sols per ten years (668.6 sols per year).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Trueman Bradley", "paragraph_text": "He first appeared in the book \"Trueman Bradley - Aspie Detective\", a novel written by Alexei Maxim Russell and published in 2011 by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. It was the first detective novel to feature an openly autistic detective as a protagonist and was the first work of fiction to portray Asperger syndrome as a \"different way of thinking\", with some advantages over the neurotypical way of thinking — and therefore, not necessarily a disability. It was translated into German in 2013 by Von Loeper Literaturverlag Publishers, of Karlsruhe, Germany. It was followed by the second book in the series, \"Trueman Bradley - The Next Great Detective\", in 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Pretty Little Liars", "paragraph_text": "Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania (not far from Philadelphia), the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings, Alison DiLaurentis, Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin and Emily Fields, whose clique falls apart after the leader of the group, Alison, goes missing. One year later, the remaining estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious villain named ``A ''or`` A.D.'', who threatens and tortures them for the mistakes they have made before and after Alison was alive. At first, they think it is Alison herself, but after her body is found, the girls realize that someone else is planning on ruining their lives.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Voyage Out", "paragraph_text": "Literary scholar Phyllis Rose writes in her introduction to the novel, ``No later novel of Woolf's will capture so brilliantly the excitement of youth. ''And also the excitement and challenge of life.`` It's not cowardly to wish to live,'' says one old man at the end of the book. ``It's the very reverse of cowardly. Personally, I'd like to go on for a hundred years... Think of all the things that are bound to happen! ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower", "paragraph_text": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming - of - age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted teenager, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie's unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right", "paragraph_text": "``Do n't Think Twice, It's All Right ''is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1962, recorded on November 14 that year, and released on the 1963 album The Freewheelin 'Bob Dylan and as a single.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of longest-living organisms", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan, a Seychelles giant tortoise living on the island of Saint Helena, is reported to be about 184 years old, and may, therefore, be the oldest currently living terrestrial animal if the claim is true.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "He Thinks He'll Keep Her", "paragraph_text": "\"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released in December 1993 as the sixth single from the album \"Come On Come On\". The song peaked at No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It was written by Carpenter and Don Schlitz.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Rivella", "paragraph_text": "Rivella is a soft drink from Switzerland, created by Robert Barth in 1952, which is produced from milk whey, and therefore includes ingredients such as lactose, lactic acid and minerals. It comes in seven varieties.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Dolly (sheep)", "paragraph_text": "On 14 February 2003, Dolly was euthanised because she had a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis. A Finn Dorset such as Dolly has a life expectancy of around 11 to 12 years, but Dolly lived 6.5 years. A post-mortem examination showed she had a form of lung cancer called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, also known as Jaagsiekte, which is a fairly common disease of sheep and is caused by the retrovirus JSRV. Roslin scientists stated that they did not think there was a connection with Dolly being a clone, and that other sheep in the same flock had died of the same disease. Such lung diseases are a particular danger for sheep kept indoors, and Dolly had to sleep inside for security reasons.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sarah's Key (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Sarah's Key is a novel by Tatiana de Rosnay, first published in its French translation as \"\" in September 2006. Two main parallel plots are followed through the book. The first is that of ten-year-old Sarah Starzynski, a Jewish girl born in Paris, who is arrested with her parents during the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup. Before they go, she locks her four-year-old brother in a cupboard, thinking the family should be back in a few hours. The second plot follows Julia Jarmond, an American journalist living in Paris, who is asked to write an article in honour of the 60th anniversary of the roundup.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Charles R. Weatherhogg", "paragraph_text": "Charles R. Weatherhogg (1872 - 1937) was an American architect from Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was born in Donington, England and attended the Art Institute of Lincoln in Lincolnshire. He worked for an architect in Lincolnshire before coming to the United States to see the 1893 World's Fair, lived in Chicago for a year, and settled in Fort Wayne in 1892.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Decade", "paragraph_text": "A decade is a period of ten years. The word is derived (via French and Latin) from the Ancient Greek: δεκάς (/ ðɛkˈɑːs /, transliteration = dekas), which means a group of ten. Other words for spans of years also come from Latin: biennium (2 years), triennium (3 years), quadrennium (4 years), lustrum (5 years), century (100 years), millennium (1000 years).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "We Think, Therefore We Are", "paragraph_text": "We Think, Therefore We Are (2009) is a science fiction anthology of new short stories edited by Peter Crowther, the sixth in his themed science fiction anthology series for DAW Books. The main topic of the fifteen stories in the book is artificial intelligence. The introduction is written by Paul McAuley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Cogito, ergo sum", "paragraph_text": "Cogito, ergo sum is a Latin philosophical proposition by René Descartes usually translated into English as ``I think, therefore I am ''. The phrase originally appeared in French as je pense, donc je suis in his Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. It appeared in Latin in his later Principles of Philosophy. As Descartes explained,`` we can not doubt of our existence while we doubt...'' A fuller version, articulated by Antoine Léonard Thomas, aptly captures Descartes's intent: dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (``I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am ''). The concept is also sometimes known as the cogito.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 78686, "question": "where did i think therefore i am come from", "answer": "René Descartes", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 5225, "question": "#1 lived from what year to what year?", "answer": "1596-1650", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Monkey Island (album)", "paragraph_text": "The album did not perform well in the marketplace, and would be the J. Geils Band's last original album for Atlantic Records after almost eight years with the label. It was, however, the band's first album on which they did not use an outside producer, as well as their first project with recording engineer David Thoener, with whom they later collaborated on their best-selling albums \"Love Stinks\" and \"Freeze Frame\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "LightScribe", "paragraph_text": "LightScribe is an optical disc recording technology that was created by the Hewlett-Packard Company. It uses specially coated recordable CD and DVD media to produce laser-etched labels with text or graphics, as opposed to stick-on labels and printable discs. Although HP is no longer developing the technology, it is still maintained and supported by a number of independent enthusiasts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "When Angels Speak of Love", "paragraph_text": "When Angels Speak of Love is a music album by the American Jazz musician Sun Ra and his Myth Science Arkestra. Originally released in 1966 on Sun Ra's own \"Saturn\" label, the record would have only been available by mail order or sold at Arkestra concerts, and is one of the rarest of all Saturn releases. The record was reissued on compact disc by Evidence in 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tebi ljubavi", "paragraph_text": "Tebi ljubavi (\"To You, My Love\") is the seventh studio album by Bosnian folk singer Hanka Paldum. It was released 27 March 1984 through the record label Jugodisk.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Kirtland Records", "paragraph_text": "In 2003, John Kirtland co-founded Kirtland Records with his wife, The Polyphonic Spree choir member Jenny Kirtland. Kirtland Records leveraged the Bush back catalog rights to secure a national distribution deal with RED Distribution, which remains the label's distributor. Kirtland Records went on to become the record label for a number of Texas-based indie bands, including the Burden Brothers, The Polyphonic Spree, Toadies, The Vanished, and Sarah Jaffe.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Songs of Love and Death", "paragraph_text": "Songs of Love and Death is the eighth full-length album by Canadian singer-songwriter Emm Gryner, released in 2005 on her independent label Dead Daisy Records.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Griffin Music", "paragraph_text": "Griffin Music was an independent record label created in 1989 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by author/publisher Robert Godwin. It was originally created to record and finance the second album of Led Zeppelin tribute act, Michael White & The White. During late 1989 and 1990, Godwin worked with Michael White and his band recording the album in studios such as Sunset Sound and United Western Recorders in Los Angeles and Metalworks Studios in Toronto.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Dynasty (band)", "paragraph_text": "Dynasty was an American band, based in Los Angeles, California, created by producer and SOLAR Records label head Dick Griffey, and record producer Leon Sylvers III. The band was known for their dance/pop numbers during the late 1970s and 1980s. Keyboardist Kevin Spencer and vocalists Nidra Beard and Linda Carriere originally comprised the group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Conception: The Gift of Love", "paragraph_text": "Conception: The Gift of Love is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson recorded in 1979 and released on the Columbia label.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Our Love to Admire", "paragraph_text": "Our Love to Admire is the third studio album by American rock band Interpol, released on July 10, 2007 through Capitol Records and Parlophone. Recorded at Electric Lady Studios in Greenwich Village and The Magic Shop in New York City, the album is the group's first to be released on a major label as they departed from Matador Records beforehand. On April 25, 2007 the band officially announced the album title as \"Our Love to Admire\" as well as the track listing. The first single off the new album, \"The Heinrich Maneuver\", was released on May 7, 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Patti LaBelle (album)", "paragraph_text": "Patti LaBelle is the debut solo album by American singer Patti LaBelle, released in 1977. The first album LaBelle recorded after sixteen years fronting the band Labelle (formerly Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles), it is notable for the dance hit, \"Joy to Have Your Love\", the classic gospel-inspiring ballad, \"You Are My Friend\" and the Angelo \"Funky Knuckles\" Nocentelli mid-tempo number, \"I Think About You\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Love, Loss, Hope, Repeat", "paragraph_text": "Love, Loss, Hope, Repeat is an album by the band Carbon Leaf on the Vanguard Records label. Recording for the album started in 2004 and it was released on September 12, 2006.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Green Linnet Records", "paragraph_text": "Green Linnet Records was an American independent record label that specialized in Celtic music. Founded by Lisa Null and Patrick Sky as Innisfree Records in 1973, the label was initially based in Null's house in New Canaan, Connecticut. In 1975, the label became Innisfree/Green Linnet and Wendy Newton joined Null and Sky as operating officer. In 1976, Newton took over control of the now Green Linnet label and moved it to Danbury, Connecticut in 1985. Newton became sole owner in 1978. Newton's love of Irish music had been sparked during a visit to Ireland where she heard traditional music for the first time in a small pub in County Clare.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Wonders of His Love", "paragraph_text": "The Wonders of His Love is the second studio album by Philip Bailey which was released on the Myrrh Records label. It was Bailey's first gospel album and it peaked at number 13 on the Top Contemporary Christian chart and number 17 on the Top Gospel Albums chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "What the World Needs Now Is Love", "paragraph_text": "``What the World Needs Now Is Love ''is a 1965 popular song with lyrics by Hal David and music composed by Burt Bacharach. First recorded and made popular by Jackie DeShannon, it was released on April 15, 1965, on the Imperial label after a release on sister label Liberty records the previous month was canceled. It peaked at number seven on the US Hot 100 in July of that year. In Canada, the song reached number one.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Monster High", "paragraph_text": "Monster High is an American fashion doll franchise created by Mattel and launched in July 2010. The characters are inspired by monster movies, sci - fi horror, thriller fiction, and various other creatures. Monster High was created by Garrett Sander, with illustrations by Kellee Riley and illustrator Glen Hanson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Point Blank Records", "paragraph_text": "Point Blank Records was founded in 1988 by John Wooler. Wooler served as Deputy Head of A&R at Virgin Records UK from 1984 to 1994 and Senior Vice President of Virgin Records US from 1994 to 2002. He had a passion for blues, Americana and soul. His manager, Simon Draper, granted him a small budget to create the label. The first act signed to the record label was Larry McCray followed by Albert Collins and The Kinsey Report. Artists such as John Lee Hooker, Solomon Burke, Pops Staples, John Hammond, Walter \"Wolfman\" Washington, Van Morrison, and Johnny Winter were later signed to the label as well. Wooler signed all the musicians on the label and produced many of them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Love Survives (album)", "paragraph_text": "Love Survives is the third studio CD from the Nashville-based band Brother Henry. \"Love Survives\" was not released on the Double Deal Brand Records Label. Instead it was released in June 2007 by the band for free download on the internet with a higher quality CD available for purchase.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Joe Galkin", "paragraph_text": "Joe Galkin was a Russian-born American record producer and musician, best known for his producing at Atlantic Records and his own Gerald Record label and work with Otis Redding and Phil Walden. It was Galkin who had seen the potential of Redding's \"Love Twist\" and purchased the masters to the song and had Atlantic release it and who persuaded Jim Stewart to permit Redding to record two songs, \"These Arms of Mine\" and \"Hey, Hey Baby\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Lovely Creatures", "paragraph_text": "Lovely Creatures is the eleventh solo album by Bob Schneider, released on September 29, 2009 through Kirtland Records. It was produced by Dwight Baker. A vinyl version of the album appeared in 2012. It features a duet with Patty Griffin and the single \"40 Dogs (Like Romeo and Juliet)\", supported by a video directed by Robert Rodriguez featuring Kat Dennings. A music video for the track \"The Bringdown\" was directed by Joey Boukadakis.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 810899, "question": "Lovely Creatures >> record label", "answer": "Kirtland Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 126906, "question": "When was #1 created?", "answer": "2003", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "VY Canis Majoris", "paragraph_text": "VY CMa is a single star with a large infrared (IR) excess, making it one of the brightest objects in the sky at wavelengths of between 5 and 20 microns (μm) and indicating a dust shell or disk heated by the star. It is about 7001170000000000000 ♠ 17 ± 8 times the mass of the Sun (M). It is also surrounded by a complex asymmetric circumstellar envelope (CSE) caused by mass loss from the star itself. It produces strong molecular maser emission and was one of the first radio masers discovered. VY CMa is embedded within the large molecular cloud Sharpless 310 (Sh2 - 310), one of largest star - forming H ii region with a diameter of 480 arcminutes (') or 681 ly (209 pc).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Greece", "paragraph_text": "Legislative powers are exercised by a 300-member elective unicameral Parliament. Statutes passed by the Parliament are promulgated by the President of the Republic. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. The President is also obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier, if the opposition manages to pass a motion of no confidence.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Puig (company)", "paragraph_text": "The Puig family has always been strongly linked to the sailing world, especially in the figure of the late Enrique Puig, director of the company, president of the Salón Náutico and the Royal Barcelona Yacht Club. The company was the sponsor of the Copa del Rey de Vela from 1984 to 2006.Puig was the shipowner and sponsor of the sailing «Azur de Puig». This boat participated in the most important sailing events worldwide. One of the usual crew of the sailboat was the Infanta Cristina, youngest daughter of King Juan Carlos I.Since 2008, in collaboration with the Royal Barcelona Yacht Club, the company boosts and sponsors the \"Puig Vela Clàssica\" race, which is held in Barcelona waters in July every year. The main feature of this race is that it is reserved for traditional and classical boats only. This regatta is one of the main classical sailboats races of all those celebrated worldwide.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "CS Turnu Severin", "paragraph_text": "Clubul Sportiv Turnu Severin was a Romanian professional football club from Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mehedinţi County, founded in 2007 and dissolved in 2013. In 2012, the team promoted to the Liga I for the first time in their short history. After just one year of top football it relegated and was dissolved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "CMA CGM Vela", "paragraph_text": "CMA CGM Vela is a container ship operated by CMA CGM. The ship is owned by Reederei NSB and operated by CMA CGM. The \"CMA CGM Vela\" was finished in 2008 by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Ltd and delivered to the owner on 19 October 2008. The ship was carrying yard number DSME hull 4125 and after launching it was christened in the ships home port Hamburg, Germany.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador", "paragraph_text": "As of the 2006 Census, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). Thus, St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city and Canada's 20th largest CMA. Apart from St. John's, the CMA includes 12 other communities: the city of Mount Pearl and the towns of Conception Bay South, Paradise, Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Torbay, Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, Pouch Cove, Flatrock, Bay Bulls, Witless Bay, Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove and Bauline. The population of the CMA was 192,326 as of 1 July 2010.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Certified Management Accountant", "paragraph_text": "IMA's CMA (Certified Management Accountant) certification is a professional certification credential in the management accounting and financial management fields. The certification signifies that the person possesses knowledge in the areas of financial planning, analysis, control, decision support, and professional ethics. The CMA is a U.S. - based, globally recognized certification offered by the Institute of Management Accountants.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)", "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song won Song of the Year and was nominated for Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2021 America's Cup", "paragraph_text": "36th America's Cup Defender New Zealand Defender club: Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Yacht: TBD Challenger Italy Challenger club: Circolo della Vela Sicilia Yacht: TBD Competition Location: Auckland, New Zealand Dates: March 2021 Winner: TBD Score: TBD", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Church Mission School", "paragraph_text": "The Church Mission School (CMS) is a complex in Karachi, Pakistan. It was operated by the Christ Church before its 1971 nationalisation. Azizullah Sharif of \"Dawn\" stated that CMS, while operated by the church, was \"one of the best educational institutions of the city where many students passed their matric examinations with flying colours.\" As of 2010, four institutions occupy the complex: CMS Primary School, CMS Secondary School, Cutchhi Memon Association (CMA) Primary, and CMA Girls Secondary School. As of that year these schools occupy blocks that are more recent, while the original three blocks were vacant.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sancha Ponce de Cabrera", "paragraph_text": "Sancha Ponce de Cabrera (died in 1176) was a daughter of Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera, and his first wife, Sancha Núñez. She was the wife of the important magnate from the Kingdom of León, Vela Gutiérrez.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Daewoo", "paragraph_text": "It was founded on 22 March 1967 as \"Daewoo Industrial\" and was declared bankrupt on 1 November 1999, with debts of about US$50 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ). Prior to the Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the second largest conglomerate in Korea after the Hyundai Group. There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survive today as independent companies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Juanita du Plessis", "paragraph_text": "Juanita du Plessis (née Naude) is a famous Afrikaans country singer, born on 26 April in Windhoek, Namibia. She became known for her song \"Ska-Rumba\". Du Plessis' singing career began in 1998 with her debut album \"Juanita\". That year she won the CMA (Country Music Association in Namibia) awards as best singer, best songwriter and the Association’s Award for outstanding achievement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Poolaki", "paragraph_text": "Poolaki is a type of candy made mainly in Isfahan, Iran. Its shape is in the form of a thin disc, pretty much like a very thin coin, which starts dissolving as it enters the mouth. It is made of sugar, water, white vinegar and some natural taste of saffron, dried lime or cocoa powder. It is similar to toffee. The word is similar to one called Poolak which means \"small coin\" in Persian. Poolaki is also a Persian surname.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Edward H. Ntalami", "paragraph_text": "Edward Haggai Ntalami was a business executive and the former CEO of the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) of Kenya. Ntalami was involved in Kenya's capital markets. He served for over two decades in financial planning and management in the fields of commerce and industry, public sector. Prior to his appointment at the CMA, Ntalami was the Executive Director of Sterling Securities Limited, a local stockbroker. He was appointed Chief Executive, Capital Markets Authority in December 2002 by President Mwai Kibaki. He completed his term in office on 17 December 2007. Seven months after he left Stella Kilonzo became head of CMA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Lok Sabha", "paragraph_text": "The maximum strength of the House allotted by the Constitution of India is 552. Currently the house has 545 seats which is made up by election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum, 2 nominated members of the Anglo - Indian Community by the President of India. A total of 131 seats (24.03%) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes (84) and Scheduled Tribes (47). The quorum for the House is 10% of the total membership. The Lok Sabha, unless sooner dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, while a proclamation of emergency is in operation, this period may be extended by Parliament by law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ottawa", "paragraph_text": "Ottawa (/ ˈɒtəwə / (listen), / - wɑː /; French pronunciation: ​ (ɔtawa)) is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the Ottawa -- Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). As of 2016, Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth - largest city and the fifth - largest CMA in Canada.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)", "paragraph_text": "``Better Man ''is a song written by American singer - songwriter Taylor Swift and performed by American country group Little Big Town, released on October 20, 2016. It served as the lead single from the group's eighth studio album, The Breaker, which was released on February 24, 2017.`` Better Man'' was first performed live at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016. The song is nominated for Song of the Year, Single of the Year, and Music Video of the Year at the 2017 CMA Awards.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Daddy Sang Bass", "paragraph_text": "\"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Salvadoran Civil War", "paragraph_text": "Date 15 October 1979 -- 16 January 1992 (12 years, 3 months and 1 day) Location El Salvador Result Chapultepec Peace Accords of 1992; Restructuring of Salvadoran Armed Forces National Guard, National Police and Treasury Police are dissolved (new civilian - overseen police created) FMLN guerrilla are dissolved FMLN becomes a political party, its combatants are exonerated", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132671, "question": "Who made CMA CGM Vela?", "answer": "Daewoo", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 120207, "question": "What year did #1 dissolve?", "answer": "1999", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Charles Goodyear Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Charles Goodyear Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society, Rubber Division. Established in 1941, the award is named after Charles Goodyear, the discoverer of vulcanization, and consists of a gold medal, a framed certificate and prize money. The medal honors individuals for \"outstanding invention, innovation, or development which has resulted in a significant change or contribution to the nature of the rubber industry\". Awardees give a lecture at an ACS Rubber Division meeting, and publish a review of their work in the society's scientific journal \"Rubber Chemistry and Technology\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Cresson, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Cresson is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. Cresson is east of Pittsburgh. It is above in elevation. Lumber, coal, and coke yards were industries that had supported the population which numbered 1,470 in 1910. The borough is part of the Johnstown Metropolitan Statistical Area, although state and local sources list it as part of the Altoona area due to being much closer to that city. The population of Cresson at the 2010 census was 1,711.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Elliott Cresson", "paragraph_text": "Elliott Cresson (March 2, 1796 – February 20, 1854) was an American philanthropist who gave money to a number of causes after a brief career in the mercantile business. He established the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1848, and helped found and manage the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, today's Moore College of Art and Design. Cresson was a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and a strong supporter of the Philadelphia branch of the American Colonization Society, a group fighting slavery that relocated former slaves and free African Americans to colonies in Liberia. Cresson was called \"the most belligerent Friend the Society ever had.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sal of Singapore", "paragraph_text": "Sal of Singapore is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Howard Higgin. At the 2nd Academy Awards in 1930, Elliott J. Clawson was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay). Complete prints of the film exist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "IEEE Edison Medal", "paragraph_text": "The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) \"for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering or the electrical arts.\" It is the oldest and most coveted medal in this field of engineering in the United States. The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, small gold replica, certificate and honorarium. The medal may only be awarded to a new leap/breakthrough in the technological area of science .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vauclain compound", "paragraph_text": "The Vauclain compound was introduced in 1889 through by its namesake and the then general superintendent of Baldwin and eventually president of the company, Samuel M. Vauclain. Soon most Baldwin customers were operating some examples; a brochure from 1900 lists sales to 140 customers, including large fleets to such Class I railroads as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, the Erie Railroad, the Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Norfolk and Western Railway, and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. Many other lines purchased one or two as samples. Vauclain was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1891 for the locomotive design; in recommending award, the reviewing committee wrote, \"Your committee, in conclusion, find that in view of the state of art, the Vauclain compound locomotive is a distinctly new and original type of locomotive. It is the most marked departure from the usual construction of engines, that has elicited general satisfaction wherever introduced, and in view of the reliable and satisfactory performance in service under the largest variations of conditions, immunity from total disablement, ready adaptability within limits of space incapable of accommodating other compound engines, and general applicability to and utility in railway service, it is, in the opinion of your committee, deserving of recognition by the award of the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute, which they hereby recommend.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "IEEE Medal of Honor", "paragraph_text": "The IEEE Medal of Honor is the highest recognition of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It has been awarded since 1917, when its first recipient was Major Edwin H. Armstrong. It is given for an exceptional contribution or an extraordinary career in the IEEE fields of interest. The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate and honorarium. The Medal of Honor may only be awarded to an individual.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Rayleigh Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Rayleigh Medal is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Acoustics for \"outstanding contributions to acoustics\". The prize is named after John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh. It should not be confused with the medal of the same name awarded by the Institute of Physics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Franklin Institute", "paragraph_text": "The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Magnar Solberg", "paragraph_text": "Magnar Solberg (born 4 February 1937) is a former Norwegian biathlete and police officer. He won a gold medal in the 20 km at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics; his 4 × 7.5 km relay teams placed second in 1968 and fourth in 1972. In 1968 he was awarded Morgenbladets Gullmedalje, and in 1972 served as the Olympic flag bearer for Norway at the opening ceremony. He was one of the 16 former Norwegian athletes selected to bring in the Olympic Flag at the Opening Ceremony of the 1994 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Sandra Smith (cyclist)", "paragraph_text": "She was born on 23 May 1968 in Merredin, Western Australia. She won two gold medals at the 1996 Atlanta Games in the Women's Individual Pursuit Tandem open and Women's Kilo Tandem open events with Teresa Poole, for which she received a Medal of the Order of Australia. In 2000, she received an Australian Sports Medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Price Medal", "paragraph_text": "Price Medal is a medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, for investigations of outstanding merit in solid-earth geophysics, oceanography, or planetary sciences. The medal is named after Albert Thomas Price. It was first awarded in 1994 and was initially given every three years. In 2005 this switched to every two years, and from 2014 it has been awarded every year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Elliott Cresson Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute. The award was established by Elliott Cresson, life member of the Franklin Institute, with $1,000 granted in 1848. The endowed award was to be \"for some discovery in the Arts and Sciences, or for the invention or improvement of some useful machine, or for some new process or combination of materials in manufactures, or for ingenuity skill or perfection in workmanship.\" The medal was first awarded in 1875, 21 years after Cresson's death.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Institute of Physics Isaac Newton Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Isaac Newton Medal is a gold medal awarded annually by the Institute of Physics accompanied by a prize of £1,000. The award is given to a physicist, regardless of subject area, background or nationality, for outstanding contributions to physics. The award winner is invited to give a lecture at the Institute.. This medal was recently renamed by IoP as the \"International Medal\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Damon Elliott", "paragraph_text": "Damon Elliott was born on March 21, 1973 to Dionne Warwick and Bill Elliott. He has one brother named David Elliott. Mega-star Whitney Houston was his first cousin once removed and opera legend Leontyne Price is another cousin. He was the nephew of singer Dee Dee Warwick, Dionne's sister. Damon Elliott, the son of actor/jazz drummer Bill Elliott and pop legend Dionne Warwick is a big selling, Grammy Award-winning producer. Damon was \"raised by music\", according to Dionne, whom Damon often accompanied to her studio.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Herschel Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Herschel Medal is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) for \"investigations of outstanding merit in observational astrophysics\". It is awarded for a single piece of work so that younger scientists can be candidates for the award. It is named after the RAS's first president, William Herschel. The medal was first awarded in 1974. The medal has been shared twice, in 1977 and 1986. It has been awarded 22 times to a total of 24 people (23 men, one woman), mostly from the UK.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell", "paragraph_text": "Sarah Catherine Fraley Hallowell or Sarah Cresson Fraley Hallowell (1833–1914) was an American journalist. She was editor of \"The New Century for Women\", editor of the \"Public Ledger\" in Philadelphia and founder and first president of the New Century Club.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Public Welfare Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Public Welfare Medal is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences \"in recognition of distinguished contributions in the application of science to the public welfare.\" It is the most prestigious honor conferred by the Academy. First awarded in 1914, the medal has been awarded annually since 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "GlaxoSmithKline Prize", "paragraph_text": "The GlaxoSmithKline Prize and Lecture is awarded by the Royal Society of London \"for original contributions to medical and veterinary sciences published within ten years from the date of the award\". Sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline, the medal is awarded with a gift of £2500. The medal was first awarded in 1980 to César Milstein \"in recognition of his pioneering the production of monoclonal antibodies from hybrid cell lines and initiating their application worldwide in many fields of biology and medicine\", and has since been awarded 13 times.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "List of 1960 Winter Olympics medal winners", "paragraph_text": "A total of 131 athletes won medals at the 1960 Games. The Soviet Union was awarded the most medals, with its athletes winning seven gold medals, five silver, and nine bronze, for a total of 21 medals overall. The United States placed second in medal count, with a total of 10 medals, and Germany placed third, with eight medals overall. Of the 30 NOCs competing in the 1960 Games, 14 won at least one medal, with 10 of these winning at least one gold medal. There was a bronze medal awarded to Theron Bailie, USA, for the development of the digital clock used for the first time in downhill skiing.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 96945, "question": "Who gives out the Elliott Cresson Medal award?", "answer": "Franklin Institute", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 155490, "question": "When did #1 open?", "answer": "1824", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "CS Turnu Severin", "paragraph_text": "Clubul Sportiv Turnu Severin was a Romanian professional football club from Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mehedinţi County, founded in 2007 and dissolved in 2013. In 2012, the team promoted to the Liga I for the first time in their short history. After just one year of top football it relegated and was dissolved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Saint Petersburg Lions", "paragraph_text": "Saint Petersburg Lions was a professional basketball team in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The team was created in 2000 by a consortium of Italian and Swiss sponsors at the lead of Interperformances basketball agency. They were banned by the Russian Basketball Federation due to their participation in the newly created Euroleague run by Euroleague Basketball Company during the 2000-01 season. The Russian federation had actually agreed to send its representatives to the SuproLeague, run by FIBA Europe. When the merger of the two competitions the following year occurred, the Lions were dissolved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "History of the automobile", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, brothers Charles and Frank Duryea founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company in 1893, becoming the first American automobile manufacturing company. The Autocar Company, founded in 1897, established a number of innovations still in use and remains the oldest operating motor vehicle manufacturer in the United States However, it was Ransom E. Olds and his Olds Motor Vehicle Company (later known as Oldsmobile) who would dominate this era of automobile production. Its production line was running in 1901. The Thomas B. Jeffery Company developed the world's second mass - produced automobile, and 1,500 Ramblers were built and sold in its first year, representing one - sixth of all existing motorcars in the United States at the time. Within a year, Cadillac (formed from the Henry Ford Company), Winton, and Ford were also producing cars in the thousands.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "National Provincial Bank", "paragraph_text": "National Provincial Bank was a British retail bank which operated in England and Wales from 1833 until 1970 when it was merged into the National Westminster Bank. It continued to exist as a dormant non-trading company until 2016 when it was voluntarily struck off the register and dissolved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Colonial India", "paragraph_text": "The British had direct or indirect control over all of present - day India before the middle of the 19th century. In 1857, a local rebellion by an army of sepoys escalated into the Rebellion of 1857, which took six months to suppress with heavy loss of life on both sides, although the loss of British lives is in the range of a few thousand, the loss on the Indian side was in the hundreds of thousands. The trigger for the Rebellion has been a subject of controversy. The resistance, although short - lived, was triggered by British East India Company attempts to expand its control of India. According to Olson, several reasons may have triggered the Rebellion. For example, Olson concludes that the East India Company's attempt to annexe and expand its direct control of India, by arbitrary laws such as Doctrine of Lapse, combined with employment discrimination against Indians, contributed to the 1857 Rebellion. The East India Company officers lived like princes, the company finances were in shambles, and the company's effectiveness in India was examined by the British crown after 1858. As a result, the East India Company lost its powers of government and British India formally came under direct British rule, with an appointed Governor - General of India. The East India Company was dissolved the following year in 1858. A few years later, Queen Victoria took the title of Empress of India.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pett Productions", "paragraph_text": "Pett Productions was an independent production company, established by Bob Mortimer, Vic Reeves and Lisa Clark in 2001. The company was based at the Maidstone Studios in Maidstone, Kent and has produced several television shows in comedy, reality, documentary and internet format. It was dissolved in May 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Wibault", "paragraph_text": "In 1930 Société des Avions Michel Wibault built the Wibault-Penhoët 280, which was funded by the Penhoët (Chantiers St. Nazairre) shipyard and the following year the companies merged to form Chantiers Aéronautiques Wibault-Penhoët. That company produced the Wibault-Penhoët 280 series of trimotor airliners, twelve of which were bought by Air France. They also built transport and racing types but in 1934 were taken over by Breguet Aviation who built several Wibault designs including the Breguet 670 twin-engined airliner.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Hudson Wasp", "paragraph_text": "The Hudson Wasp is an automobile that was built and marketed by the Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan, from the 1952 through the 1956 model years. After Hudson merged with Nash Motors, the Wasp was then built by American Motors Corporation in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and marketed under its Hudson marque for model years 1955 and 1956.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "K200 KIFV", "paragraph_text": "The K200 KIFV (Korea Infantry Fighting Vehicle) is a South Korean armoured personnel carrier, originally produced by Daewoo Heavy Industries as a domestic replacement for older armored personnel carriers, such as the M113, in front line service with the Republic of Korea Armed Forces at the time of the K200's development. Since 2009 the K200 has been supplemented by the K21. A total of 2,383 K200 vehicles of all configurations were produced between 1985 and 2006, among which are 111 K200A1 vehicles exported to Malaysia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "IBM", "paragraph_text": "In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse. A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. In 2009 it acquired software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program Watson, which was exhibited on Jeopardy! where it won against game-show champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter. As of 2012[update], IBM had been the top annual recipient of U.S. patents for 20 consecutive years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "MV Tower Grange", "paragraph_text": "MV \"Tower Grange\" was a cargo ship completed by William Doxford & Sons Ltd in Sunderland in 1940. She was owned by Tower Steamships Co Ltd and managed by Counties Ship Management Co Ltd of London (CSM), both of which were offshoots of the Rethymnis & Kulukundis shipbroking company. \"Tower Grange\" was a sister ship of , which Doxford built in the same year for another CSM company, Putney Hill Steamships Co Ltd.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bengal and North Western Railway", "paragraph_text": "The Bengal and North Western Railway was owned and worked by the \"Bengal and North Western Railway Company\" (registered 23 October 1882, dissolved October 1946). The Bengal and North Western Railway was merged into the Oudh and Tirhut Railway on 1 January 1943.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "East India Company", "paragraph_text": "East India Company (EIC) Company flag (1801) Coat of arms (1698) Former type Public Industry International trade, Opium trafficking Fate Dissolved, after being mostly nationalised in 1858 Founded 31 December 1600 Founders John Watts, George White Defunct 1 June 1874 (1874 - 06 - 01) Headquarters London, England (Great Britain)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "SS Athenic", "paragraph_text": "SS \"Athenic was a British passenger liner built by Harland & Wolff shipyards for the White Star Line in 1901. In 1928, she came to a Norwegian company and was renamed SS \"Pelagos. Torpedoed in 1944, she was refloated the following year and continued to serve until her demolition in 1962.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Daewoo", "paragraph_text": "It was founded on 22 March 1967 as \"Daewoo Industrial\" and was declared bankrupt on 1 November 1999, with debts of about US$50 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ). Prior to the Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the second largest conglomerate in Korea after the Hyundai Group. There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survive today as independent companies.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Salvadoran Civil War", "paragraph_text": "Date 15 October 1979 -- 16 January 1992 (12 years, 3 months and 1 day) Location El Salvador Result Chapultepec Peace Accords of 1992; Restructuring of Salvadoran Armed Forces National Guard, National Police and Treasury Police are dissolved (new civilian - overseen police created) FMLN guerrilla are dissolved FMLN becomes a political party, its combatants are exonerated", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Mitsubishi PX33", "paragraph_text": "The Mitsubishi PX33 is a prototype passenger car built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the company which would eventually sire Mitsubishi Motors. Commissioned for military use by the Japanese government in 1934, it was the first Japanese-built sedan to have full-time four-wheel drive, a technology the company would return to fifty years later in pursuit of motorsport success. Four working prototypes were built, and a version was in development using Mitsubishi's 6.7 litre, \"445AD\" powerplant, Japan's first direct injection diesel engine. However, the entire PX33 project was cancelled in 1937 after the government decided to prioritize Mitsubishi's manufacturing capabilities on commercial development of trucks and buses. In 1937, another Japanese company Tokyu Kurogane Kogyo began production of a smaller four-wheel drive car called the Kurogane Type 95.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Highland Railway E Class", "paragraph_text": "The Highland Railway E Class was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive designed by David Jones for passenger service. They were also known as the 'Clyde Bogies' as they were built by the Clyde Locomotive Company in Glasgow, Scotland. They were the first locomotives built by that company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Short Line Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Short Line Bridge is a truss bridge that spans the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It was originally built in the 1880s and upgraded a few years later by Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad and was designed by American Bridge Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "First university in the United States", "paragraph_text": "William & Mary calls itself ``America's second - oldest college '', acknowledging Harvard's claim but adding that William & Mary itself is the nation's oldest college in its`` antecedents,'' the College of Henricopolis or University of Henrico established by the Virginia Company near Richmond, Virginia. This institution received a royal charter in 1618 and operated a school for several years before being destroyed with the town during the Indian Massacre of 1622, but it never offered college - level instruction. The following year, King James I dissolved the Virginia Company, converting the Colony of Virginia to a crown colony. William and Mary was founded under a new charter in 1693.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 132549, "question": "What company built K200 KIFV?", "answer": "Daewoo", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 120207, "question": "What year did #1 dissolve?", "answer": "1999", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Dead Stay Young", "paragraph_text": "The Dead Stay Young (\"Die Toten Bleiben Jung\") is a 1949 novel by German author Anna Seghers. The book describes Communists secretly working in Germany between the end of World War I and the outbreak of World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hoërskool Menlopark", "paragraph_text": "Die Hoërskool Menlopark (Menlo Park High School) is a public Afrikaans medium co-educational high school located in Menlo Park, Pretoria, in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Learners are known as \"Parkies\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Tex Willer", "paragraph_text": "Native Americans are portrayed in a complex way, emphasizing positive and negative aspects of their culture. The same can be said of the American authorities, like the U.S. Army, the politicians, the business-men, the sheriffs or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tex had a son, named \"Kit\" (who would become a ranger too), with a Native American woman, named \"Lilyth\", the daughter of a Navajo Chief (she would later die of smallpox). Later, Tex himself went on to become the Chief of the Navajo tribe.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Great and the Little Love", "paragraph_text": "The Great and the Little Love (German: Die große und die kleine Liebe) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Jenny Jugo, Gustav Fröhlich, Rudi Godden. Jugo plays a stewardess working for Lufthansa. It was filmed partly on location in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali", "paragraph_text": "The Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali (6.25 hectares), also known as the Giardino Botanico di Monte Faverghera, is an alpine botanical garden located in the Corpo Forestale dello Stato die Belluno on Monte Faverghera, southeast of Nevegal, Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. It is open daily except Mondays in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Op-die-Berg", "paragraph_text": "Op-die-Berg is a settlement in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located north of Ceres in the Kouebokkeveld region, synonymous with cherry orchards and occasional heavy snowfalls in winter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The City of Dreaming Books", "paragraph_text": "The City of Dreaming Books (original title: \"Die Stadt der Träumenden Bücher\") is the fourth novel in the Zamonia series written and illustrated by German author Walter Moers, but the third to be translated into English by John Brownjohn. The German version was released in Autumn 2004, and the English version followed in Autumn 2007. It is followed by two sequels, \"The Labyrinth of Dreaming Books\" (2011) and \"The Castle of Dreaming Books\" (TBA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Nuremberg Chronicle", "paragraph_text": "Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English-speakers have long referred to it as the \"Nuremberg Chronicle\" after the city in which it was published. German-speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Masque of the Red Death (1989 film)", "paragraph_text": "Masque of the Red Death is a 1989 American horror film produced by Roger Corman, and directed by Larry Brand, starring Adrian Paul and Patrick Macnee. The film is a remake of the 1964 picture of the same name which was directed by Roger Corman. The screenplay, written by Daryl Haney and Larry Brand, is based upon the classic short story of the same name by American author Edgar Allan Poe, concerning the exploits of Prince Prospero, who organizes a \"bal masqué\" in his castle while the peasants of his fiefdom die from the plague in great numbers.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Willy Puchner", "paragraph_text": "Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects \"Die 90-jährigen\" (At the Age of 90), \"Dialog mit dem Alter\" (Dialogue with the High Age), \"Die 100-jährigen\" (At the Age of 100), \"Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie\" (Oral History and Photography) and \"Liebe im Alter\" (Love at High Age).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Rivaldo", "paragraph_text": "Rivaldo Vítor Borba Ferreira (born 19 April 1972), known as Rivaldo (), is a Brazilian former professional footballer. He played mainly as an attacking midfielder but also as a second striker. Although predominantly left footed, he was capable of playing on either flank, and was on occasion deployed as a wide midfielder or as a winger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die", "paragraph_text": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Quincas (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Joaquim Albino, known as Quincas (23 January 1931, Rio de Janeiro), is a former association player from Brazil who played on the left wing. In the first half of the 1950s he played for Fluminense FC of Rio de Janeiro, with which he won the Championship of Rio de Janeiro of 1951 and the Copa Rio, a highly regarded international tournament in its day, of 1952.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Way Some People Die", "paragraph_text": "The Way Some People Die is a detective mystery written in 1951 by American author Ross Macdonald. It is the third book featuring his private eye Lew Archer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Quincas Borba", "paragraph_text": "Quincas Borba is a novel written by the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. It was first published in 1891. It is also known in English as Philosopher or Dog? The novel was principally written as a serial in the journal \"A Estação\" from 1886 to 1891. It was definitively published as a book in 1892 with some small but significant changes from the serialized version.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Journey to the East", "paragraph_text": "Journey to the East is a short novel by German author Hermann Hesse. It was first published in German in 1932 as \"Die Morgenlandfahrt\". This novel came directly after his biggest international success, \"Narcissus and Goldmund\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Machado de Assis", "paragraph_text": "Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco José de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da Câmara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by \"Dona\" Maria José de Mendonça Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. \"Dona\" Maria José became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Mauá Hydroelectric Plant", "paragraph_text": "The Mauá Hydroelectric Plant, is a dam and hydroelectric power plant on the Tibagi River near Telêmaco Borba and Ortigueira in Paraná, Brazil.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Die Zeit, die Zeit", "paragraph_text": "Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Literary analysis of it is sparse, considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, \"an astonishing phenomenon\". In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one \"every adult should read before they die\". It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 459117, "question": "Quincas Borba >> author", "answer": "Machado de Assis", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 145711, "question": "At what location did #1 die?", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[ "Rio" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Walter Bullock", "paragraph_text": "Walter Bullock (May 6, 1907 in Shelburn, Indiana –1953 in Los Angeles, California) was an American song lyricist and screenwriter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Live and Let Die (song)", "paragraph_text": "``Live and Let Die ''is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul McCartney's band Wings. It was one of the group's most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "A Right to Die", "paragraph_text": "A Right to Die is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1964.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Memórias Póstumas", "paragraph_text": "Memórias Póstumas (known in English as Posthumous Memoirs and Posthumous Memories) is a 2001 comedy-drama film directed by André Klotzel based on \"The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas\" by Machado de Assis. It follows Brás Cubas, played by Reginaldo Faria and Petrônio Gontijo, as he recounts his life after his death.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Dog Days of Summer (film)", "paragraph_text": "Dog Days of Summer is a 2007 American independent feature film directed by Mark Freiburger and shot on location in Edenton, North Carolina. It is based on an original screenplay by screenwriters Travis Beacham and Christopher J. Waild.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Great and the Little Love", "paragraph_text": "The Great and the Little Love (German: Die große und die kleine Liebe) is a 1938 German comedy film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Jenny Jugo, Gustav Fröhlich, Rudi Godden. Jugo plays a stewardess working for Lufthansa. It was filmed partly on location in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sergio Amidei", "paragraph_text": "Sergio Amidei (30 October 1904 – 14 April 1981) was an Italian screenwriter and an important figure in Italy's neorealist movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Memórias Póstumas", "paragraph_text": "Klotzel started to adapt the novel and search for sponsors in 1996; the production was done in 1998, and it was shot in 1999. A co-production between Brazil and Portugal, \"Memórias Póstumas\" had a budget of about R$4.5–5 million ($2,006,509–2,229,455). It was shot in about 60 filming locations at eight cities, including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Parati, Salvador and Coimbra, which lasted twelve weeks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hoërskool Menlopark", "paragraph_text": "Die Hoërskool Menlopark (Menlo Park High School) is a public Afrikaans medium co-educational high school located in Menlo Park, Pretoria, in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Learners are known as \"Parkies\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Georg Adolf Erman", "paragraph_text": "Erman was born in Berlin as the son of Paul Erman. He studied natural science at the universities of Berlin and Königsberg, spent from 1828 to 1830 in a journey round the world, an account of which he published in \"Reise um die Erde durch Nordasien und die beiden Ozeane\" (1833-1848). The magnetic observations he made during his travels were utilized by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his theory of terrestrial magnetism. He was appointed professor of physics at Berlin in 1839, and died there in 1877. From 1841 to 1865 he edited the \"Archiv für wissenschaftliche Kunde von Russland\", and in 1874 he published, with H. J. R. Petersen, \"Die Grundlagen der Gauss'schen Theorie und die Erscheinungen des Erdmagnetismus\" im Jahre 1829.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Visit or Memories and Confessions", "paragraph_text": "Visit or Memories and Confessions (Portuguese: \"Visita ou Memórias e Confissões\") is a Portuguese documentary film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. It was released in Portugal on 4 May 2015.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Op-die-Berg", "paragraph_text": "Op-die-Berg is a settlement in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located north of Ceres in the Kouebokkeveld region, synonymous with cherry orchards and occasional heavy snowfalls in winter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Julio Porter", "paragraph_text": "Julio Porter (July 14, 1916 in Buenos Aires – October 24, 1979 in Mexico City) was an Argentine screenwriter and film director known as one of the most prolific screenwriters and film directors in the history of the Cinema of Argentina.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Willy Puchner", "paragraph_text": "Willy Puchner likes to work with old people, creating the projects \"Die 90-jährigen\" (At the Age of 90), \"Dialog mit dem Alter\" (Dialogue with the High Age), \"Die 100-jährigen\" (At the Age of 100), \"Lebensgeschichte und Fotografie\" (Oral History and Photography) and \"Liebe im Alter\" (Love at High Age).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Remo Forlani", "paragraph_text": "Remo Forlani (1927–2009) was a French writer and screenwriter born in Paris to a French mother and an Italian immigrant father.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ahmad Abdalla", "paragraph_text": "Ahmad Abdalla El Sayed Abdelkader () (born on December 19, 1979, Cairo) is an Egyptian film director, editor and screenwriter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Die Zeit, die Zeit", "paragraph_text": "Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die", "paragraph_text": "69 Sexy Things 2 Do Before You Die (stylized 69 Sexy Things 2 Do B4U Die) was a Playboy TV adult newsmagazine profiling exotic locales, outdoor adventures and current erotic trends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Machado de Assis", "paragraph_text": "Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco José de Assis, a mulatto wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da Câmara Machado, an Azorean Portuguese washerwoman. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by \"Dona\" Maria José de Mendonça Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. \"Dona\" Maria José became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim Alberto de Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. Machado had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali", "paragraph_text": "The Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali (6.25 hectares), also known as the Giardino Botanico di Monte Faverghera, is an alpine botanical garden located in the Corpo Forestale dello Stato die Belluno on Monte Faverghera, southeast of Nevegal, Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. It is open daily except Mondays in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 685285, "question": "Memórias Póstumas >> screenwriter", "answer": "Machado de Assis", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 145711, "question": "At what location did #1 die?", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "Rio" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Joy Tivy", "paragraph_text": "She commenced studies at the University College Dublin in 1942 where she studied geography as her primary subject with botany and geology as her secondary areas. She excelled as an undergraduate most notably scoring highest in highly competitive exams in 1944, which granted her status as a Scholar. She graduated with first class honours in 1946 and after a brief period of teaching at the University of Leeds she accepted a position at the University of Edinburgh where she completed her doctorate. Her PhD thesis was entitled, \"A study of the effect of physical factors on the vegetation of hill grazings in selected areas of southern Scotland\", p. 55. In 1956 she moved to the University of Glasgow where we stayed for the rest of her career (she retired in 1989). She was the second female to be awarded at professorship at the University of Glasgow in 1976 and was head of the Department of Geography and Topographic Science.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gradual release of responsibility", "paragraph_text": "While similar models have been identified and represented throughout the study and development of teaching and learning as a construct, it was Pearson & Gallagher (1983) who coined the phrase ``gradual release of responsibility ''to describe this dynamic in the classroom. Basing their model on the ideas of the Russian educational theorist Lev Vygotsky, Pearson and Gallagher envisioned instruction that moved from explicit modeling and instruction to guided practice and then to activities that incrementally positioned students into becoming independent learners. The teacher guides the students to a point of 'planned obsolescence' on the part of the teacher``... where the student accepts total responsibility for the task, including the responsibility for determining whether or not she is applying the strategy appropriately (i.e, self monitoring).''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Hart of Dixie", "paragraph_text": "Rachel Bilson as Zoe Hart, a medical doctor; Zoe aspired to become a heart surgeon like her father, however after four years of residency at a New York hospital she is refused a position at the hospital and told she needs more experience dealing with patients and their families. Zoe moves to Bluebell, Alabama after learning her biological father was really a respected physician in the small town. She inherits his half of a general medical practice, and constantly butts heads with the co-owner of the practice, Brick Breeland. However, she becomes a regular in helping the town through its never ending dilemmas. In Season 2, she begins dating Wade. However, he ends up cheating on her when he loses Battle of the Bands, and she ends their relationship. In the Season 2 finale, Zoe sleeps with Wade, and she decides to go back to New York to get over everything. In the Season 3 premiere six months have passed and Zoe returns to Bluebell with her new boyfriend Joel, who is a writer and moves with her to Bluebell. For the rest of season 3, she remains in a relationship with Joel until one of his books is made into a movie and he moves to Los Angeles, California to assist with the production of the film. In the season 3 finale, Zoe realizes she is still in love with Wade, and tells him that she is going to do everything she can to win him back. In the Season 4 premiere, Zoe is still trying to prove to Wade that they should be together, and she seduces him, resulting in her getting pregnant. They eventually get back together and get married in the series finale as Zoe is giving birth to their son.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "William Beaumont", "paragraph_text": "William Beaumont was born to Samuel Beaumont and Lucretia Abel in Lebanon, Connecticut; his father was a farmer. He left his home after he turned twenty-one, moved to Champlain, New York and obtained a teaching job. In 1810 he relocated to St. Albans, Vermont where he trained to become a physician through an apprenticeship with Dr. Truman Powell. In June 1812, the Third Medical Society of the State of Vermont in Burlington examined his knowledge \"on the anatomy of the human body, and the theory and practice of physic and surgery\" and recommended him as \"judicious and safe practitioner in the different avocations of the medical profession.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Warsaw", "paragraph_text": "One of the most famous people born in Warsaw was Maria Skłodowska-Curie, who achieved international recognition for her research on radioactivity and was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize. Famous musicians include Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin. Though Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, about 60 km (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old. Casimir Pulaski, a Polish general and hero of the American Revolutionary War, was born here in 1745.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In London Chopin took lodgings at Dover Street, where the firm of Broadwood provided him with a grand piano. At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's technique. Broadwood also arranged concerts for him; among those attending were Thackeray and the singer Jenny Lind. Chopin was also sought after for piano lessons, for which he charged the high fee of one guinea (£1.05 in present British currency) per hour, and for private recitals for which the fee was 20 guineas. At a concert on 7 July he shared the platform with Viardot, who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Shakuntala Devi", "paragraph_text": "Shakuntala Devi was born in Bengaluru, Karnataka to an orthodox Kannada Brahmin family. Her father rebelled against becoming a temple priest and instead joined a circus where he worked as a trapeze artist, lion tamer, tightrope walker, and magician. He discovered his daughter's ability to memorise numbers while teaching her a card trick when she was about three years old. Her father left the circus and took her on road shows that displayed her ability at calculation. She did this without any formal education. At the age of six, she demonstrated her arithmetic abilities at the University of Mysore.In 1944, Shakuntala Devi moved to London with her father.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Fred Dubois", "paragraph_text": "Fred Dubois studied at Yale College from 1870 to 1872, where he was elected to Scroll and Key. He then participated in business until 1875, when he was appointed to the board of railroad and warehouse commissioners of Illinois. He held this position for one year, resigning shortly before the death of his father. In 1880, he moved to Idaho Territory with his brother, Dr. Jesse Dubois, Jr. (1850–1908), a physician.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten trained first with his father Dirk van Hoogstraten and stayed in Dordrecht until about 1640. On the death of his father, he moved to Amsterdam where he entered the workshop of Rembrandt. A short time later, he started out on his own as a master and painter of portraits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Nikola Kalabić", "paragraph_text": "Nikola's father separated from Joka after World War I and proceeded to get married three times. Nikola lived with his father at first so he attended school in places where his father served with the Serbian army. He eventually finished six grades of gymnasium before becoming a student of geodesy in Belgrade. During his studies, he met Borka (a year younger than him) who was born in Rajkovići near Valjevo in present-day Serbia into a family of old supporters of the People's Radical Party and Nikola Pašić. Borka and Nikola married in 1929 and on 3 August 1930 they had twins Mirjana and Milan. Their first service was in Belgrade. They then moved to Aranđelovac and finally back to Valjevo (where there are Kalabićs today). Nikola Kalabić (until the start of World War II) worked in Land-registry management in Valjevo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: \"Hats off, gentlemen! A genius.\" On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: \"Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ...\" After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Fielding (cricket)", "paragraph_text": "There are 11 players in a team: one is the bowler and another is the wicket-keeper, so only nine other fielding positions can be occupied at any time. Where fielders are positioned is a tactical decision made by the captain of the fielding team. The captain (usually in consultation with the bowler and sometimes other members of the team) may move players between fielding positions at any time except when a bowler is in the act of bowling to a batsman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Storm (short story)", "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by the American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The story takes place during the 19th century somewhere in the South, where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Viengsay Valdés", "paragraph_text": "Born in Havana on November 10, 1976, Viengsay Valdés moved at three months to Laos, where her father was the Cuban Ambassador. At age three, her family moved to the Seychelles. At six, she moved back to Havana, Cuba, where her grandmother continued her education.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Frédéric Chopin", "paragraph_text": "In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, \"Nasze Przebiegi\" (\"Our Discourses\", 1818), attested to \"little Chopin's\" popularity.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ruth Shaw Wylie", "paragraph_text": "Ruth Shaw Wylie was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and grew up in Detroit, Michigan, where she received her undergraduate degree and a master's degree in music composition at Wayne State University (WSU). In 1939 she entered the doctoral program in music composition at the Eastman School of Music where she studied with Bernard Rogers and Howard Hanson. She was awarded the PhD in 1943 and took a position teaching at the University of Missouri where she stayed until 1949. In the summer of 1947 she studied with Arthur Honegger, Samuel Barber, and Aaron Copland at the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood. She returned to Detroit to teach at WSU where she remained for twenty years, retiring from teaching as Professor Emerita in 1969. She moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, and then to Estes Park, Colorado in 1973, and continued composing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Anne Marie Howard", "paragraph_text": "The eldest of five children, she was born in San Diego, California at the Balboa Naval Hospital, where her father, Thomas Howard, was a dentist in the U.S. Navy. At the age of two they moved to Ottumwa, Iowa and when she was fourteen the family moved to Davenport, Iowa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "James Carnahan", "paragraph_text": "Born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, Carnahan was an 1800 graduate of the school when it was called College of New Jersey. He held positions at churches in New Jersey and New York until moving to Georgetown, District of Columbia in 1814 to teach school for nine years.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 431, "question": "Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position?", "answer": "Warsaw Lyceum", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 449, "question": "#1 was moved to where?", "answer": "Kazimierz Palace", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "International Museum Day", "paragraph_text": "International Museum Day (IMD) is an international day a celebration that held every year on or around 18 May, coordinated by the International Council of Museums (ICOM). The event highlights a specific theme that changes every year and that is at the heart of the international museum community's preoccupations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nyquist stability criterion", "paragraph_text": "A Nyquist plot is a parametric plot of a frequency response used in automatic control and signal processing. The most common use of Nyquist plots is for assessing the stability of a system with feedback. In Cartesian coordinates, the real part of the transfer function is plotted on the X axis. The imaginary part is plotted on the Y axis. The frequency is swept as a parameter, resulting in a plot per frequency. The same plot can be described using polar coordinates, where gain of the transfer function is the radial coordinate, and the phase of the transfer function is the corresponding angular coordinate. The Nyquist plot is named after Harry Nyquist, a former engineer at Bell Laboratories.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Cartesian oval", "paragraph_text": "In geometry, a Cartesian oval, named after René Descartes, is a plane curve, the set of points that have the same linear combination of distances from two fixed points.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Anno Domini", "paragraph_text": "The Anno Domini dating system was devised in 525 by Dionysius Exiguus to enumerate the years in his Easter table. His system was to replace the Diocletian era that had been used in an old Easter table because he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who persecuted Christians. The last year of the old table, Diocletian 247, was immediately followed by the first year of his table, AD 532. When he devised his table, Julian calendar years were identified by naming the consuls who held office that year -- he himself stated that the ``present year ''was`` the consulship of Probus Junior'', which was 525 years ``since the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ ''. Thus Dionysius implied that Jesus' Incarnation occurred 525 years earlier, without stating the specific year during which his birth or conception occurred.`` However, nowhere in his exposition of his table does Dionysius relate his epoch to any other dating system, whether consulate, Olympiad, year of the world, or regnal year of Augustus; much less does he explain or justify the underlying date.''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age", "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 261 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 39 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 208 days).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "John Morton (American football)", "paragraph_text": "John Morton (born September 24, 1969) is an American football coach. He is currently the offensive coordinator for the New York Jets, after having served as wide receivers coach and passing game coordinator in the years before that at USC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vacuum", "paragraph_text": "Almost two thousand years after Plato, René Descartes also proposed a geometrically based alternative theory of atomism, without the problematic nothing–everything dichotomy of void and atom. Although Descartes agreed with the contemporary position, that a vacuum does not occur in nature, the success of his namesake coordinate system and more implicitly, the spatial–corporeal component of his metaphysics would come to define the philosophically modern notion of empty space as a quantified extension of volume. By the ancient definition however, directional information and magnitude were conceptually distinct. With the acquiescence of Cartesian mechanical philosophy to the \"brute fact\" of action at a distance, and at length, its successful reification by force fields and ever more sophisticated geometric structure, the anachronism of empty space widened until \"a seething ferment\" of quantum activity in the 20th century filled the vacuum with a virtual pleroma.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Cartesian coordinate system", "paragraph_text": "The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the 17th century by René Descartes (Latinized name: Cartesius) revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra. Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equations: algebraic equations involving the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. For example, a circle of radius 2, centered at the origin of the plane, may be described as the set of all points whose coordinates x and y satisfy the equation x + y = 4.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Model year", "paragraph_text": "In the United States, automobile model - year sales traditionally begin with the fourth quarter of the preceding year. So model year refers to the sales model year; for example, vehicles sold during the period from October 1 to September 30 of the following year belong to a single model year. In addition, the launch of the new model - year has long been coordinated to the launch of the traditional new television season (as defined by A.C. Nielsen) in late September, because of the heavy dependence between television to offer products from automakers to advertise, and the car companies to launch their new models at a high - profile time of year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tuition fees in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "In England, tuition fee caps rose with the Higher Education Act 2004. Under the Act, universities in England could begin to charge variable fees of up to £3000 a year for students enrolling on courses as from the academic year of 2006 - 07 or later. This was also introduced in Northern Ireland in 2006 - 07 and introduced in Wales in 2007 - 08. In 2009 - 10 the cap rose to £3225 a year to take account of inflation. Following the Browne Review in 2010, the cap was controversially raised to £9,000 a year, sparking large student protests in London. A judicidal review against the raised fees failed in 2012, and so the new fee system came into use that September.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Selma Botman", "paragraph_text": "Selma Botman is an American academic. Her post at the University of Maine System (UMS) Chancellor's Office focused on expanding the systems international education programs, recruiting foreign students, and coordinating overseas faculty exchanges.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Psychodynamics", "paragraph_text": "Freud used the term psychodynamics to describe the processes of the mind as flows of psychological energy (libido) in an organically complex brain. The idea for this came from his first year adviser, Ernst von Brücke at the University of Vienna, who held the view that all living organisms, including humans, are basically energy - systems to which the principle of the conservation of energy applies. This principle states that ``the total amount of energy in any given physical system is always constant, that energy quanta can be changed but not annihilated, and that consequently when energy is moved from one part of the system, it must reappear in another part. ''This principle is at the very root of Freud's ideas, whereby libido, which is primarily seen as sexual energy, is transformed into other behaviours. However, it is now clear that the term energy in physics means something quite different from the term energy in relation to mental functioning.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Malaysia", "paragraph_text": "The education system features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education. Schools in the primary education system are divided into two categories: national primary schools, which teach in Malay, and vernacular schools, which teach in Chinese or Tamil. Secondary education is conducted for five years. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. Since the introduction of the matriculation programme in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges can enroll in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputera students.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Computer", "paragraph_text": "Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age", "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 346 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 124 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 293 days).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Materialism", "paragraph_text": "The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John \"Walking\" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chesapeake Bay Retriever", "paragraph_text": "A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 10.75 years (average 9.85). A US breed club survey puts the average lifespan at 9.4 years. 1 in 4 lived to 13 years or more while 1 in 5 do n't live past 5 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Chief Justice of India", "paragraph_text": "The present CJI is Justice Dipak Misra and is the 45th CJI since January 1950, the year the Constitution came into effect and the supreme court came into being. He succeeded Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar on 28 August 2017 and will remain in office till 2 October 2018, the day he retires on turning 65 years in age.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Social Security (United States)", "paragraph_text": "Originally the benefits received by retirees were not taxed as income. Beginning in tax year 1984, with the Reagan - era reforms to repair the system's projected insolvency, retirees with incomes over $25,000 (in the case of married persons filing separately who did not live with the spouse at any time during the year, and for persons filing as ``single ''), or with combined incomes over $32,000 (if married filing jointly) or, in certain cases, any income amount (if married filing separately from the spouse in a year in which the taxpayer lived with the spouse at any time) generally saw part of the retiree benefits subject to federal income tax. In 1984, the portion of the benefits potentially subject to tax was 50%. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 set the portion to 85%.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 46704, "question": "who came up with the cartesian coordinate system", "answer": "René Descartes", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 5225, "question": "#1 lived from what year to what year?", "answer": "1596-1650", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "John Bates Clark Medal", "paragraph_text": "The John Bates Clark Medal is awarded by the American Economic Association to \"that American economist under the age of forty who is adjudged to have made a significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Rayleigh Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Rayleigh Medal is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Acoustics for \"outstanding contributions to acoustics\". The prize is named after John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh. It should not be confused with the medal of the same name awarded by the Institute of Physics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "The government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced the corvée system with a head tax used to hire laborers. The administration of the Grand Canal was made more efficient, and transport opened to private merchants. A system of monitoring grain prices eliminated severe shortages, and enabled the price of rice to rise slowly and smoothly through the 18th century. Wary of the power of wealthy merchants, Qing rulers limited their trading licenses and usually refused them permission to open new mines, except in poor areas. These restrictions on domestic resource exploration, as well as on foreign trade, are held by some scholars as a cause of the Great Divergence, by which the Western world overtook China economically.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gold", "paragraph_text": "The price of gold is determined through trading in the gold and derivatives markets, but a procedure known as the Gold Fixing in London, originating in September 1919, provides a daily benchmark price to the industry. The afternoon fixing was introduced in 1968 to provide a price when US markets are open.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "John C. Gaunt", "paragraph_text": "John C. Gaunt (1833 - January 13, 1886) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Gaunt received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Gaunt's medal was won for his actions during the Battle of Franklin in Franklin, Tennessee on November 30, 1864. He was honored with the award on February 13, 1865.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Price Medal", "paragraph_text": "Price Medal is a medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, for investigations of outstanding merit in solid-earth geophysics, oceanography, or planetary sciences. The medal is named after Albert Thomas Price. It was first awarded in 1994 and was initially given every three years. In 2005 this switched to every two years, and from 2014 it has been awarded every year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Payne Whitney Gymnasium", "paragraph_text": "The building was donated to Yale by John Hay Whitney, of the Yale class of 1926, in honor of his father, Payne Whitney. Because it was designed in the Gothic Revival style that prevailed at Yale between 1920 and 1945, it is commonly known as \"the cathedral of sweat\". For the design of Payne Whitney Gymnasium, architect John Russell Pope was awarded the Silver Medal at the 1932 Olympic Games Art Competition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Institute of Physics Isaac Newton Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Isaac Newton Medal is a gold medal awarded annually by the Institute of Physics accompanied by a prize of £1,000. The award is given to a physicist, regardless of subject area, background or nationality, for outstanding contributions to physics. The award winner is invited to give a lecture at the Institute.. This medal was recently renamed by IoP as the \"International Medal\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Charles Goodyear Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Charles Goodyear Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society, Rubber Division. Established in 1941, the award is named after Charles Goodyear, the discoverer of vulcanization, and consists of a gold medal, a framed certificate and prize money. The medal honors individuals for \"outstanding invention, innovation, or development which has resulted in a significant change or contribution to the nature of the rubber industry\". Awardees give a lecture at an ACS Rubber Division meeting, and publish a review of their work in the society's scientific journal \"Rubber Chemistry and Technology\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "John B. Goodenough Award", "paragraph_text": "The John B. Goodenough Award is run biennially by the Royal Society of Chemistry and awards contributions to the field of materials chemistry. The prize winner, chosen by the Materials Chemistry Division Awards Committee, receives a monetary reward, a medal, a certificate and completes a UK lecture tour.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Franklin Institute", "paragraph_text": "The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, and houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "John Samuel Forrest", "paragraph_text": "John Samuel Forrest attended the famous Hamilton Academy school where he won the Dux Medal, Mathematics Medal and the Science Medal, and coming third in the University of Glasgow Bursary Examination of 1925 was awarded the John Clerk (Mile End) Bursary to study Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the university. In 1929 while still an under-graduate Forrest was admitted as a research student in the Science Faculty and awarded the Thomson Experimental Scholarship followed by the Mackay-Smith Scholarship. He also won the Thomson Prize in Astronomy and graduated in 1930 with a double degree, B.Sc. in pure science, with a second class honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "John Price House", "paragraph_text": "The John Price House, also known as the Price Anniversary House, is a historic house in Pismo Beach, California. Built from 1893 to 1894 for city founder John Michael Price, the house is the oldest building in Pismo Beach. The two-story house was designed in a vernacular style. The house's design exhibits Victorian influences and includes a gable roof which originally had ornamental cresting, a porch with decorative woodwork, and decorative window sills. Price, who had purchased the ranch site in 1852, built the house as an anniversary present for his wife. Price lived in the house until his 1902 death.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "IEEE Medal of Honor", "paragraph_text": "The IEEE Medal of Honor is the highest recognition of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It has been awarded since 1917, when its first recipient was Major Edwin H. Armstrong. It is given for an exceptional contribution or an extraordinary career in the IEEE fields of interest. The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate and honorarium. The Medal of Honor may only be awarded to an individual.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Public Welfare Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Public Welfare Medal is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences \"in recognition of distinguished contributions in the application of science to the public welfare.\" It is the most prestigious honor conferred by the Academy. First awarded in 1914, the medal has been awarded annually since 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Herschel Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Herschel Medal is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) for \"investigations of outstanding merit in observational astrophysics\". It is awarded for a single piece of work so that younger scientists can be candidates for the award. It is named after the RAS's first president, William Herschel. The medal was first awarded in 1974. The medal has been shared twice, in 1977 and 1986. It has been awarded 22 times to a total of 24 people (23 men, one woman), mostly from the UK.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Newbery Medal", "paragraph_text": "The John Newbery Medal, frequently shortened to the Newbery, is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA), to the author of \"the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children\". The Newbery and the Caldecott Medal are considered the two most prestigious awards for children's literature in the United States. Books selected are widely carried by bookstores and libraries, the authors are interviewed on television, and master's and doctoral theses are written on them.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "John L. Jerstad", "paragraph_text": "John Louis \"Jack\" Jerstad (February 12, 1918 – August 1, 1943) was a United States Army Air Forces officer who was posthumously awarded the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received the medal for his actions as a B-24 pilot during a raid on Ploieşti, Romania, in World War II.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of 1960 Winter Olympics medal winners", "paragraph_text": "A total of 131 athletes won medals at the 1960 Games. The Soviet Union was awarded the most medals, with its athletes winning seven gold medals, five silver, and nine bronze, for a total of 21 medals overall. The United States placed second in medal count, with a total of 10 medals, and Germany placed third, with eight medals overall. Of the 30 NOCs competing in the 1960 Games, 14 won at least one medal, with 10 of these winning at least one gold medal. There was a bronze medal awarded to Theron Bailie, USA, for the development of the digital clock used for the first time in downhill skiing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "John Price Wetherill Medal", "paragraph_text": "The John Price Wetherill Medal was an award of the Franklin Institute. It was established with a bequest given by the family of John Price Wetherill (1844–1906) on April 3, 1917. On June 10, 1925, the Board of Managers voted to create a silver medal, to be awarded for \"discovery or invention in the physical sciences\" or \"new and important combinations of principles or methods already known\". The legend on the first medal read: \"for discovery, invention, or development in the physical sciences\". The John Price Wetherill Medal was last awarded in 1997. As of 1998 all of the endowed medals previously awarded by the Franklin Institute were reorganized as the Benjamin Franklin Medals.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 96999, "question": "Who gives out the John Price Wetherill Medal award?", "answer": "Franklin Institute", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 155490, "question": "When did #1 open?", "answer": "1824", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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