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122290

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton%2C%20Mississippi

Clinton, Mississippi

Clinton is a city in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. Situated in the Jackson metropolitan area, it is the tenth largest city in Mississippi. The population was 25,216 at the 2010 United States Census. History Founded in 1823, Clinton was originally known as Mount Salus, which means "Mountain of health". It was named for the plantation home of Walter Leake, third governor of Mississippi, which was located in Clinton and built in 1812. The road east from Vicksburg was completed to Mount Salus and the federal government located the district land office at Mount Salus in 1822. The original federal survey in 1822 references a spring called "Swafford's Spring" at the site of the town. In 1828, the city changed its name to Clinton in honor of DeWitt Clinton, the former governor of New York who led completion of the Erie Canal. The first road through Mount Salus/Clinton was the Natchez Trace, improved from a centuries-old Native American path. Currently Clinton has three major highways that pass through the city: the Natchez Trace Parkway, U.S. Route 80, and Interstate 20. Mississippi College, a Christian university located in Clinton, is the oldest college in the state of Mississippi. It was founded January 24, 1826, as Hampstead Academy, the second male college in the state after Jefferson College. Mississippi College is the second oldest Baptist university in the world, and was the first coeducational college in the United States to grant a degree to a woman. Clinton is home to sports teams known as the "Clinton Arrows" and "Mississippi College Choctaws". Hillman College, originally for women, was founded in 1853 as Central Female Institute, supported by the Central Baptist Association. It changed its name in 1891. Mount Hermon Female Seminary, a historically black college, was established in 1875 by Sarah Ann Dickey. It closed in 1924 as students moved to co-educational institutions. The Clinton-Vicksburg Railroad was the second oldest in the state, incorporated in 1831. It contributed to the export of 20,000 bales of cotton annually from this city, the most of any city between Vicksburg and Meridian. Cotton from three surrounding counties was shipped through Clinton and by rail to Grand Gulf on the Mississippi. During the Civil War, Confederate forces, as well as Union troops— the latter commanded by generals Ulysses S. Grant and Sherman—briefly occupied Clinton on their way to the Battle of Vicksburg in May 1863. Grant had mistakenly believed that John C. Pemberton, a Confederate general, would attack him at Clinton. Grant finally took Vicksburg in this campaign. Clinton Riot In September 1875 during the election campaign, a Republican political rally was held in downtown Clinton, where 3000 people were gathered and expecting Governor Adelbert Ames and other prominent speakers. White insurgents disrupted the rally, attacking blacks in what was called the "Clinton Riot." It resulted in the deaths of several white men and an estimated 50 blacks later that night and over the next few days. More armed whites arrived by train and widely attacked blacks. Among the black victims were schoolteachers, church leaders, and local Republican organizers. Whites had been attacking black and white Republicans in every election cycle, and that year the paramilitary Red Shirts arose in the state as a force to intimidate blacks and suppress black voting. The governor appealed to the federal government for protection and the U.S. government sent more troops. But election-related violence continued through the fall and, together with fraud at the polls, resulted in white Democrats regaining control of the state legislature and, in 1876, the governor's seat. This political shift signaled the end of the Reconstruction era, confirmed when the federal government withdrew remaining troops in 1877. 20th century to present During World War II, Camp Clinton was established as a German POW camp south of town; it housed about 3,000 German soldiers. Most of the prisoners were from the Afrika Korps. Of the 40 German generals captured in the war, Camp Clinton housed 35 of them. The German soldiers provided the labor to build a replica model of the Mississippi River Basin for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, used for planning and designing flood prevention. Clinton, the smallest city to ever host a Fortune 500 company, was the headquarters for WorldCom from the mid-1990s until 2002. It went bankrupt due to what was at the time the largest accounting scandal in U.S. history. The financial dealings resulted in fraud-related convictions of Bernard Ebbers, CEO, and Scott Sullivan, CFO. The company changed its name to MCI and moved its corporate headquarters location to Ashburn, Virginia. Verizon, MCI's successor, owns SkyTel (no relation to Bell Mobility's Skytel brand). It still occupies the massive former WorldCom compound in Clinton. On April 15, 2011, an EF3 tornado struck the city at about 11:00 am. CDT. It produced damage near Interstate 20, which included total destruction to the BankPlus building. Malaco Records was destroyed as well. Ten people were injured by the tornado. Geography According to the 2010 United States Census, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 28,100 people, 9,047 households, and 6,187 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 25,216 people and 9,328 households in the city. The population density was . The racial makeup of the city was 59.4% White, 33.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 4.1% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population. The average household size was 2.54. The median income for a household was $56,539, and the per capita income was $26,398. About 9.1% of the population was below the poverty line. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 23,347 people, 8,328 households, and 6,079 families residing in the city. The population density was 979.2 people per square mile (378.1/km2). There were 8,899 housing units at an average density of 373.2 per square mile (144.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 74.92% White, 22.53% Black, 0.10% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population. There were 8,328 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.08. In the city the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 14.9% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $47,092, and the median income for a family was $53,482. Males had a median income of $38,194 versus $27,458 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,586. About 5.7% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over. Government Clinton operates as a Code Charter form of government, divided into six Wards. The local governing body consists of the mayor, one Alderman representing each of the six Wards and one Alderman-at-Large whose duty is to represent the entire community. As of July 3, 2017, Philip R. Fisher, a retired major general in the Mississippi National Guard, is the city's mayor. The Board of Aldermen are Dave Ellis (Ward 1), Jim Martin (Ward 2), Bill Barnett (Ward 3), Keith Perritt (Ward 4), Jan Cossitt (Ward 5), Mike Cashion (Ward 6) and Ricki Garrett (Alderwoman-At-Large). Economy At one point WorldCom (now Verizon) was headquartered in Clinton. In 2003 the company announced that it would move its headquarters to Virginia. Automotive component manufacturer Delphi Corporation operated a plant in Clinton from the early 1970s until its closure in 2009, making cable and wiring connectors. When Delphi closed the plant in late 2009, with the loss of 280 jobs, production moved to Delphi's Warren, Ohio facility. Education Universities and colleges Mississippi College founded 1826, incorporating Hillman College 1853–1942 The local community college is Hinds Community College. Primary and secondary schools The City of Clinton's public schools are served by the Clinton Public School District. Secondary Clinton High School (Grades 10 through 12) Sumner Hill Junior High School (Grade 9) Clinton Junior High School (Grades 7 and 8) Primary Lovett Elementary School (Grade 6 Northside/Eastside Elementary School (Grade 2–5) Clinton Park Elementary School (Grades K and 1) Private schools: Clinton Christian Academy (Grades K-4 through 12) Mt. Salus Christian School (Grades K-4 through 12) Public library Jackson/Hinds Library System operates the Quisenberry Library in Clinton. In 2018 the Clinton city government, citing problems with the sanitary condition, closed the library. It stated that it would reopen if the library system revised the terms of the library lease. Sports The Mississippi Brilla is a soccer team competing in USL League Two (PDL), the fourth highest league of the American Soccer Pyramid, and play in the Mid-South Division of the Southern Conference. They play their home games at Traceway Park in the city of Clinton. Churches One of the largest churches in Clinton is the Morrison Heights Baptist Church. Notable people Cam Akers – Professional football player (Los Angeles Rams) Mandy Ashford – singer, model, and member of Innosense. Lance Bass – pop singer, actor and producer; member of the pop group 'N Sync William Joel Blass, jurist, legislator, and lawyer Charles Hillman Brough, governor of Arkansas from 1917 to 1921, was born in Clinton and taught at Mississippi College there Keith Carlock, jazz drummer and Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame inductee, was born in Clinton in 1971. Cynthia F. Cooper – auditor, whistleblower Ted DiBiase, Sr. – professional wrestler, minister Ted DiBiase, Jr.- professional wrestler Dominic Douglas- professional football player Bernard Ebbers – a Canadian businessman and the co-founder and CEO of WorldCom. Jenna Edwards – model, former Miss Teen All-American, former Miss Florida Meredith Edwards – country music singer Shelly Fairchild – country music singer Taryn Foshee – 2006 Miss Mississippi Edgar Godbold – Mississippi College biology professor from 1906 to 1912; later president of two Baptist colleges James E. Graves, Jr. – former Supreme Court of Mississippi judge; current United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit judge Barry Hannah – writer, professor Jaret Holmes – former Chicago Bears, New York Giants and Jacksonville Jaguars placekicker Niesa Johnson – High School All-American, University of Alabama two time All-American, Professional Basketball Player Daniel Curtis Lee – actor Rory Lee – former vice president and interim president of Mississippi College Robert S. McElvaine – writer, professor Crystal Renn, plus-size model Scott Savage – former drummer of Grammy and Dove award-winning band Jars of Clay Leon Seals – former Buffalo Bills and Philadelphia Eagles defensive tackle Ruby Jane Smith, bluegrass fiddler Jerod Ward – Former highly touted basketball recruit and former professional basketball player References External links City website Journal entry of German POW General Hermann Bernhard Ramcke regarding his time at Camp Clinton US Census Bureau Data on Clinton, Mississippi City-Data: Clinton, Mississippi Cities in Mississippi Cities in Hinds County, Mississippi Populated places established in 1823 1823 establishments in Mississippi

122291

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards%2C%20Mississippi

Edwards, Mississippi

Edwards is a town in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,034 at the 2010 census, down from 1,347 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Edwards is named for Dick Edwards, owner and proprietor of the Edwards House in Jackson, Mississippi. Edwards was originally named "Amsterdam" and settled in the 1830s. In 1832 it suffered from a cholera epidemic and was then bypassed by the Alabama and Vicksburg Rail Road. This happened in 1839 when R. O. Edwards' plantation became a stop on the railroad known as Edwards Depot. The depot was burned to prevent its use during the Civil War in 1863. The current site of Edwards was chosen in 1866 and was incorporated in 1871. In 1882 the Southern Christian Institute was opened by the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in the town to educate African-Americans. It later became Bonner-Campbell College. In 1897 Edwards suffered an attack of yellow fever that killed many residents of the town. Geography Edwards is in western Hinds County, on high ground east of the Big Black River, which forms the Warren County line. Interstate 20 runs along the northern border of the town, with access from Exit 19. I-20 leads east to Jackson, the state capital, and west to Vicksburg. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Edwards has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 995 people, 404 households, and 193 families residing in the town. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,034 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 82.4% Black, 15.4% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.1% Asian and 0.6% from two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,347 people, 461 households, and 335 families living in the town. The population density was 808.2 people per square mile (311.4/km2). There were 505 housing units at an average density of 303.0 per square mile (116.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 78.92% African American, 20.19% White, 0.15% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population. There were 461 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% were married couples living together, 33.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.47. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 82.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.6 males. The median income for a household in the town was $29,231, and the median income for a family was $31,786. Males had a median income of $26,094 versus $19,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,308. About 19.0% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.4% of those under age 18 and 18.7% of those age 65 or over. Education Edwards is served by the Hinds County School District, and is zoned to Bolton/Edwards Elementary-Middle School in Bolton and Raymond High School in Raymond. Jackson/Hinds Library System operates the Lois A. Flagg Library in Edwards, adjacent to the Edwards Head Start Center. Notable people Rev. Carnella Barnes, pioneering African-American Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) minister Betty Currie, personal secretary of Bill Clinton, moved to Waukegan, Illinois as a child George Flaggs Jr., mayor of Vicksburg, Mississippi Johnny Fuller, blues and rock 'n' roll musician Otis Harris, track and field athlete who won gold and silver medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics George W. Lee, vice-president of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership Fiddlin' Joe Martin, blues musician Charlie Patton, blues musician and inductee in the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame; born near Edwards in 1891 Melvin Powell, Negro league baseball pitcher Aurelius Southall Scott, educator and newspaper editor Norman Francis Vandivier, aviator References External links Town of Edwards official website Towns in Hinds County, Mississippi Populated places established in the 1830s 1830s establishments in Mississippi

122292

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned%2C%20Mississippi

Learned, Mississippi

Learned is a town in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. Population The population was 94 at the 2010 census, up from 50 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. Name The community has the name of one Mr. Learned, an early settler. Geography Learned is located southwest of the center of Hinds County at (32.197843, -90.547259). It is southwest of Jackson, the state capital, and southeast of Vicksburg. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 50 people, 22 households, and 17 families residing in the town. The population density was 167.4 people per square mile (64.4/km2). There were 24 housing units at an average density of 80.3 per square mile (30.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 82.00% White and 18.00% African American. There were 22 households, out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.65. In the town, the population was spread out, with 16.0% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 34.0% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $40,625, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,511. There were 27.8% of families and 23.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 52.9% of those over 64. Education The town is served by the Hinds County School District. Much of the town is zoned to Utica Elementary-Middle School in Utica, while a piece is zoned to Raymond Elementary School and Carver Middle School in Raymond. All of it is zoned to Raymond High School in Raymond. Learned is also the home of Rebul Academy, a small private school serving Raymond, Edwards, Bolton, Utica, and Learned, Mississippi. Notable people Dudy Noble, football, basketball, and baseball player, track athlete, coach, and college athletics administrator References Towns in Hinds County, Mississippi

122293

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%2C%20Mississippi

Raymond, Mississippi

Raymond is a city in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,933. Raymond is one of two county seats of Hinds County (along with Jackson) and is the home of the main campus of Hinds Community College. Raymond is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. History In 1829, three commissioners, including John B. Peyton, were appointed by U.S. President Andrew Jackson to find a place near the center of Hinds County for the county seat. The current location of Raymond is a ridge about a mile from the center of the county, and was selected because the actual center was low and subject to flooding. The town of Raymond received its charter from the Mississippi legislature on December 15, 1830. Because of its status as a seat of justice and its proximity to the Natchez Trace, Raymond developed quickly into a prosperous small town whose prosperity and small size have continued to this day. In the late 1840s, Cooper's Well, a property near Raymond with a well that provided sulphured water, was developed into a resort for those seeking the perceived health benefits from its ingestion. Construction of a new county courthouse was begun at the center of the town square in 1857 and completed in 1859; the work was largely done by enslaved African Americans. The courthouse is still in use as a secondary location of county legal matters (the city of Jackson having become the primary county seat). The Raymond courthouse is considered by many to be a prime example of southern Greek Revival architecture. The Battle of Raymond was fought by Confederate and Union soldiers near Raymond on May 12, 1863 as part of General Ulysses S. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign during the Civil War. Four days later, the pivotal Battle of Champion Hill was won by Grant's troops and sealed the fate of Vicksburg. Grant stayed at Waverly, the plantation of John B. Peyton, and Union soldiers used St. Mark's Episcopal Church as a hospital. Blood stains can still be seen on the church's floor from that period. Construction of a water tower was begun in 1903 in the center of the town square. It and the courthouse are landmarks for the town. A small agricultural high school was opened in 1917; it developed as Hinds Community College, which has several sites and the largest student body of any college in the state. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,960 people, 361 households, and 202 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,933 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 53.3% Black, 43.9% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander and 0.8% from two or more races. 1.2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,664 people, 469 households, and 317 families living in the city. The population density was 562.1 people per square mile (217.1/km). There were 498 housing units at an average density of 168.2 per square mile (65.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 57.93% White, 41.17% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population. There were 469 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 20.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.89. In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.4% under the age of 18, 40.3% from 18 to 24, 17.2% from 25 to 44, 15.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $36,667, and the median income for a family was $42,639. Males had a median income of $31,106 versus $21,953 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,615. About 17.8% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.4% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over. Government and infrastructure The United States Postal Service operates the Raymond Post Office. The Mississippi Department of Human Services operates the Oakley Training School in unincorporated Hinds County, near Raymond. Education Hinds Community College has a Raymond campus. Residents are within the Hinds County School District, and are zoned to Raymond Elementary School, Carver Middle School, and Raymond High School. Jackson Hinds Library System operates the Raymond Public Library at the Hinds Courthouse annex. Notable people Willie Banks, gospel music singer Cory Carter, American football punter Stephen Head, Major League Baseball scout Rick Lawson, gospel music singer Muna Lee, Pan-American poet and first wife of Luis Muñoz Marín (first democratically elected governor of Puerto Rico). Kansas Joe McCoy, Delta blues singer D. P. Porter, 25th Secretary of State of Mississippi Susan Dabney Smedes, teacher and author Jeremy Williams, American player of Canadian football John Bell Williams, governor of Mississippi from 1968 to 1972, was born in Raymond; he formerly served in the United States House of Representatives. Gallery References External links City website History of Raymond, Mississippi Cities in Mississippi Cities in Hinds County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Populated places established in 1829 1829 establishments in Mississippi

122295

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%2C%20Mississippi

Terry, Mississippi

Terry is a town in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,063 at the 2010 census, up from 664 at the 2000 census. It is located along Interstate 55, about southwest of Jackson and located in Supervisors District Five of Hinds County. The town is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. History The town of Terry, originally known as Dry Grove, changed its name in honor of W. D. Terry, whose land the town was built on. This information comes from the bronze plaque in the town's center at Utica and Cunningham streets. The area was established in 1811 by settlers from Virginia. In 1867, the town of Terry was established as a depot when the railroad was built through the area. For a number of years, Terry was the home of Mississippi governor Albert G. Brown. Geography Terry is in southeastern Hinds County and is bordered to the north by the city of Byram. Interstate 55 passes through the west side of the town, with access from Exit 78. I-55 leads north to Jackson and south to Crystal Springs. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Terry has a total area of , of which , or 0.50%, are water. The town is drained to the east by Rhodes Creek and Vaughn Creek, tributaries of the Pearl River. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,304 people, 449 households, and 348 families residing in the town. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 1,063 people, 407 households, and 289 families residing in the town. The population density was 287.4 people per square mile (111.0/km2). There were 288 housing units at an average density of 124.7 per square mile (48.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 38.90% White, 59.30% African American, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population. There were 407 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 25.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.15. In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.6 years. For every 100 females there were 79.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $30,192, and the median income for a family was $35,875. Males had a median income of $25,781 versus $24,167 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,011. About 17.0% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over. Government Joseph O. Kendrick Jr. was elected mayor of Terry on January 12, 2016, in a special election following the removal of the town's former mayor. The Board of Aldermen consists of Virginia Smith Bailey, Terry Johnson, April Owens Miley, Randy Shepherd, and Connie S. Taylor. Terry Johnson and Connie Taylor are the Democrats on the Board of Aldermen; Mayor Kendrick is also a Democrat. The others were elected as "independents." Past mayors of Terry include Langston, Keith Davis, H. S. Clark, Rowean McCoy Luper, F. M. "Mike" Yates, Rev. Lester Williams, and William "Billy" Pechloff. Roderick T. Nicholson, the town's first African-American mayor, was elected three times in 2006, 2010 and 2014. Two Hinds County officials are from the Terry area: Pearlie B. Owens (Justice Court Judge for District Five), and Bennie Buckner (Constable for District Five). The state senator representing the district including Terry is David Blount of Jackson. Terry is represented by Brad Oberhousen of Terry and Gregory Holloway of Hazlehurst in the state House of Representatives. Due to redistricting, Rep. Credell Calhoun and Gregory Dortch now represent a section near Terry. Sen. Blount, Rep. Holloway, Rep. Oberhausen, and Rep. Calhoun are active Democrats. In August 2015, Rep. Brad Oberhausen was defeated in the Democratic primary by Jarvis Dortch. All Hinds County officials and state of Mississippi officials representing the Terry area are Democrats. Education Terry is served by the Hinds County School District and is home to Terry High School. J. W. Combs was the president of the board of trustees for many years. In addition to Terry High, residents are zoned to Gary Road Elementary School, Gary Road Intermediate School, and Byram Middle School in Byram. Past principals of Terry High School include Mr. Bishop, Miss Estelle Scott, Roger McDaniel, Jimmy Russell, Gerald Huskey, Johnny Hines, and Dr. Martin Herrington. The football field at the high school is named after B. C. Lee. Jackson/Hinds Library System operates the Ella Bess Austin Library in Terry. Media Throughout the twentieth century, the town's weekly newspaper was The Terry Headlight. The Headlight was edited in Terry and printed in Crystal Springs in the office of the Crystal Springs Meteor. Editors of this publication included Mamie Birdsong, Willie Dean Sojourner Brister, Carolyn Booth Patrick, and Elsie Moss Berryhill. Among the columnists were Fanny Dulaney, Dot Champion, and Rev. Ryburn Stancil. The Terry Headlight ceased its publication approximately in 1990. At the time of the demise of The Terry Headlight, the editor of the Hinds County Gazette (Mary Ann Keith) announced that an insert devoted to the town of Terry would be included in the Gazette. This insert was published for a few weeks, at which time a column about the Terry area was incorporated into the Gazette (as was being included about other towns in Hinds County). The writer of this was Elzena Kitchens Johnson. In late 2013, The Hinds County Gazette suspended publication. At this time, The Terry Headlight was revived as a weekly online source of information by Elzena Kitchens Johnson. E-mail subscriptions to this were (and remain) free to readers who request a subscription. In 2014, The Hinds County Gazette was purchased by The Magnolia Gazette of Pike County. The weekly Terry column continues in The Hinds County Gazette. The Terry News was formerly published monthly to provide information about events in Terry and the surrounding area. The newspaper included a monthly column by Mayor Nicholson and was mailed to every household in the 39170 zip code. The Terry News ceased publishing in early 2015. Notable people Henry L. Brown, physician and World War I veteran Bobby DeLaughter, former member of the Mississippi Supreme Court Tommy Johnson, Delta blues musician Luster Willis, artist References External links Town of Terry official website Towns in Hinds County, Mississippi Populated places established in 1811

122296

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utica%2C%20Mississippi

Utica, Mississippi

Utica is a town in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 820 at the 2010 census, down from 966 at the 2000 census. Utica is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Utica was originally an area known as Cane Ridge. In 1837, it was given the name Utica at the suggestion of the then postmaster, Ozias Osborn, who came from Utica, New York. The town was incorporated in 1880. Utica was located on the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad. A weekly newspaper, the Herald, was established in 1897. In the early 1900s, Utica had several churches, eight hotels, a public school for white students, and an industrial college for black students. Agriculture consisted of watermelons, cotton and timber. The settlement had a sawmill, three cotton gins, and a brick plant. The population in 1907 was nearly 1,000. Geography Utica is in southwest Hinds County at the junctions of Mississippi Highways 18 and 27. Highway 18 leads northeast to Jackson, the state capital, and southwest to Port Gibson, while Highway 27 leads northwest to Vicksburg and southeast to Crystal Springs. According to the United States Census Bureau, Utica has a total area of , of which , or 0.25%, are water. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Utica has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. <div style="width:65%"> </div style> Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 636 people, 337 households, and 199 families residing in the town. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 820 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 64.0% Black, 26.8% White, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% from some other race and 0.1% from two or more races. 8.7% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 966 people, 339 households, and 241 families living in the town. The population density was 323.0 people per square mile (124.7/km2). There were 397 housing units at an average density of 132.7 per square mile (51.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 30.54% White, 66.36% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 2.07% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.83% of the population. There were 339 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 27.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.43. In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $27,614, and the median income for a family was $30,083. Males had a median income of $28,594 versus $21,932 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,491. About 17.1% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.1% of those under age 18 and 24.5% of those age 65 or over. Religion and society Utica is the location of the URJ Henry S. Jacobs Camp, organized by the Union for Reform Judaism and dating to when there were more Jews in smaller communities throughout the South. Most now live in larger urban areas with more professional opportunities. The town is home to several churches of various denominations, including the following on Main Street: Utica Baptist Church (founded in 1829 and affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention), Utica Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Utica United Methodist Church, and St. Peter's Missionary Baptist Church, a black Baptist church founded in 1867 after the war by freedmen as a mission of the Baptist church. The black Baptists mostly withdrew en masse across the South from the white Baptist churches. They soon founded independent state associations of their congregations in the South, organizing a national convention by the end of the century. There are several other houses of worship in the town proper, as well as others in the county. Education Utica is served by the Hinds County School District, and is zoned to Utica Elementary-Middle School and Raymond High School in Raymond. It is also the home of the Utica campus of Hinds Community College. Formerly Utica Junior College, the school was founded in 1903 as Utica Normal and Industrial Institute. It was previously home to Hinds County Agricultural High School. Jackson/Hinds Library System operates the Evelyn Taylor Majure Library in Utica. Notable people Woodrow Borah, historian Alonzo Bradley who played for Texas Southern University and who was the MVP of the 1977 NAIA basketball championship Zack Bragg, first mayor of West Memphis, Arkansas Charles H. Griffin, member of the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi's 3rd congressional district from 1968 to 1973 William Henry Holtzclaw, educator and the founder of Utica Institute which became Hinds Community College Lindsey Hunter, professional basketball player and coach Robert Moreland, former basketball coach for Texas Southern Sonny Boy Nelson, Delta blues musician Derek Newton, offensive lineman for Houston Texans Pete Perry, former professional basketball player Willie Lee Simmons, former member of the Mississippi State Senate Marcell Young, professional football defensive back References Towns in Hinds County, Mississippi

122297

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruger%2C%20Mississippi

Cruger, Mississippi

Cruger is a town in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 386 at the 2010 census, down from 449 at the 2000 census. Geography Cruger is in the northwest corner of Holmes County, in the Mississippi Delta region along U.S. Route 49E. Greenwood is north of Cruger via US 49E, and Yazoo City is to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, Cruger has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 449 people, 161 households, and 112 families residing in the town. The population density was 462.5 people per square mile (178.7/km2). There were 177 housing units at an average density of 182.3 per square mile (70.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 74.16% African American 25.61% White and 0.22% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.23% of the population. There were 161 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.3% were married couples living together, 30.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.46. In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.1% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $15,417, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,125. About 32.8% of families and 44.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.7% of those under age 18 and 58.0% of those age 65 or over. Education The town of Cruger is served by the Holmes County School District. Notable people Abie Ames, blues and jazz] pianist Ray Roberts, former Major League Baseball pitcher Robert Curtis Smith, Piedmont blues singer, guitarist and songwriter References Towns in Holmes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122298

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durant%2C%20Mississippi

Durant, Mississippi

Durant is a city near the central eastern border of Holmes County, Mississippi, United States, and Big Black River. The town was founded in 1858 as a station on the Mississippi Central Railroad, later part of the Illinois Central. Durant was named for Louis Durant, a Choctaw chief who had lived on this site before the United States undertook Indian Removal in the 1830s, forcing him and most of the Choctaw to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. The population of the rural city was 2,673 at the 2010 census, down from 2,932 at the 2000 census. About 3 miles away is the Castalian Springs Hotel, believed in 2020 to be the only surviving such spa structure in the state. A dozen mineral springs resorts were identified in the Works Progress Administration (WPA) Guide to Mississippi (1938), written during the Great Depression. Such springs were believed to have healing properties. History The Choctaw are a Native American tribe who occupied much of Mississippi as part of their territory well before any European exploration. They were among a succession of indigenous cultures established here for thousands of years. After they were forced to cede most of their land to the United States and to remove to Indian Territory in the 1830s, an increasing number of European Americans migrated here to develop the land for large cotton plantations. Before the Civil War, this was known as the "dark corner of the county." Cotton plantations were developed along the waterfronts to take advantage of the fertile soil and to have access to the rivers, which was the basis of transportation until later in the 19th century, when trains were developed. Planters were dependent on the labor of numerous black enslaved African Americans. The county population was majority black and enslaved; it continues to be majority black in the 21st century. The Castalian Springs Hotel, a two-story wooden building, was associated with the spa based at natural mineral springs and developed as a resort. Located 3 miles west of Durant, it reportedly was one of many sites used as a hospital to treat the more than 10,000 casualties of Confederate troops following the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee in April 1862. Researchers are attempting to confirm if the existing building dates to the Civil War, or was a later replacement. Wounded troops were carried south by trains, and towns were asked if their people could care for them. Soldiers were taken from the train at the Durant station and carried by wagon to the hotel. About 90 Confederate soldiers died here through November 1863, and were buried in the Wesley Chapel Cemetery, about one-half mile away. All their graves were marked with new tombstones in the 1990s, as former temporary markers had been lost. After the war, the hotel was adapted for other uses, first as a private girls' boarding school, educating the daughters of planters and others who could afford it. The large property, which included acreage, was later used for the state YMCA camp. Later still it became a missionary camp, to prepare Protestant missionaries for service in rural areas overseas. Finally the hotel was boarded up and vacant for some years. About 2020 it was purchased by a local pair of brothers. They have held some church retreats here and related large events, and may develop some of it as a hunting camp. The hotel is believed to be the only surviving mineral springs resort of what were a dozen in the state during the 1930s, according to the WPA Guide to Mississippi (1938). 20th century to present Beginning in 1890, conservative white Democrats in Mississippi passed a new constitution and laws disenfranchising African Americans and closing them out of formal political participation. Jim Crow laws were passed confining them to second-class status, which persisted for decades past the middle of the 20th century. Although thousands of African Americans left the state in the Great Migration, seeking better opportunities elsewhere, those who remained in Holmes County in working to regain their constitutional rights, including to register and vote. About 1935 Hazel Brannon Smith, a recent college graduate from Gadsden, Alabama, bought the local weekly newspaper, the Durant News, which had been failing. Over the next several years, she turned it around, and served as its editor and publisher into the early 1970s. In the 1950s she also acquired the Lexington Advertiser, and later two other small papers, and was based in Lexington, the county seat. She was among the first journalists to cover the African-American community for its positive contributions, for instance, noting in 1943 during World War II that a local civic group had donated money to the Red Cross. Later she became well known for her editorial writing about the civil rights movement; Holmes County had many activists involved in education and voter registration. In 1964 Smith was the first woman to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing. The area is still largely rural and agricultural, but industrial-scale farming and mechanization reduced the need for labor decades ago. Many residents left, but among those who stayed, there is considerable unemployment. The population has declined although state and local government have sought redevelopment. The historic brick train depot (see photo above) is to be restored for new uses and is being highlighted as part of the area's heritage tourism. Other historic resources are being highlighted. Since the late 20th century, missionary nurses from orders outside the state have been among those working on behalf of poor city and county residents. Local and state citizens were shocked on August 25, 2016 when two 68-year-old nuns were found stabbed to death at their home on Castalian Springs Road: Sister Paula Merrill was a nurse practitioner with the Sisters of Charity of Nazareth in Kentucky, and Sister Margaret Held was a nurse practitioner with the School Sisters of St Francis in Milwaukee. Rodney Earl Sanders, from nearby Kosciusko, was charged with the murders. The Mississippi Bureau of Investigation (MBI) participated in investigation of the case. Geography Durant is in eastern Holmes County on the west side of the valley of the Big Black River. U.S. Route 51 passes through the center of town, leading north to Vaiden and south to Goodman. Mississippi Highway 12 intersects US 51 in Durant; it leads east to Kosciusko and west to Lexington. Interstate 55 has an interchange with Highway 12 west of Durant; I-55 leads south to Jackson, the state capital, and north to Memphis. According to the United States Census Bureau, Durant has a total area of , of which , or 1.04%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,231 people, 886 households, and 644 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 2,673 people, 1,171 households, and 978 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,316.4 people per square mile (507.6/km2). There were 1,209 housing units at an average density of 542.8 per square mile (209.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 13.80% White, 85.29% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 0.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population. There were 1,171 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.9% were married couples living together, 30.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.32. In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 20 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 49, 15.7% from 50 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. There were 1,230 males and 1,443 females. The median income for a household in the city was $19,659, and the median income for a family was $25,065. Males had a median income of $26,500 versus $20,200 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,210. About 27.9% of families and 35.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.1% of those under age 18 and 26.7% of those age 65 or over. Education The Durant City limits is served by the Holmes County Consolidated School District, which operates Durant Elementary School (K-8) in Durant and Holmes County Central High School near Lexington in the center of the county. Previously Durant city was served by the Durant Public School District, which had the K-12 Durant School as its only school. Areas outside the city limits were served by the county district. In 2016 Governor of Mississippi Phil Bryant signed a bill that required the Durant district to consolidate with the Holmes County district. As a result of the consolidation, a new school board for Holmes County was assembled by 2018. Effective July 1, 2018 the two districts were combined as the Holmes County Consolidated School District. In March 2018 the Holmes County school board voted to move high school students in Durant to Holmes County Central, an action opposed by area residents. Notable people John Howell, civil rights activist in Atlanta; son of Durant mayor William Edgar Howell Minerva Hamilton Hoyt, born on a nearby plantation; migrated to California where she worked as an activist to preserve its deserts. Jimmy W. "Jimi" Jamison, musician, frontman of Survivor Alexander Lane, (1860-1911), educator, physician, politician: born in Durant to an enslaved mother, he went as a boy to Illinois and worked with a family; graduated in 1881 from Southern Illinois Normal University as the first male African-American student, worked as a principal for 10 years; attended Rush Medical College and became a physician in Chicago in 1895; in 1906 he was elected to the Illinois state legislature, serving two terms to 1911. Tommy McClennan, Delta blues singer and guitarist Buford McGee, former National Football League running back Hazel Brannon Smith, journalist and publisher Absolom M. West, planter and slaveholder, politician, Civil War general, labor organizer and vice presidential candidate; he owned a plantation near Durant prior to the Civil War References Cities in Mississippi Cities in Holmes County, Mississippi

122299

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodman%2C%20Mississippi

Goodman, Mississippi

Goodman is a town in southeastern Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,386 at the 2010 census, up from 1,252 at the 2000 census. History Goodman was settled by European Americans in 1860. It was first chartered on November 16, 1865, after the end of the Civil War; and rechartered on March 5, 1878. The town is named for the first president of the Mississippi Central Railroad. Goodman is the birthplace of John A. Lomax (1867–1948), pioneering folklorist, and David Herbert Donald (1920–2009), Pulitzer-prize-winning historian. Geography Goodman is located in southeastern Holmes County at (32.968057, -89.912625), west of the Big Black River. U.S. Route 51 passes through the center of town, leading northeast to Durant and southwest to Pickens. Mississippi Highway 14 crosses US 51 near the center of town, leading east to Kosciusko and west to Ebenezer. Highway 14 intersects Interstate 55 west of the center of Goodman, at Exit 146. I-55 leads south to Jackson, the state capital, and north to Memphis, Tennessee. According to the United States Census Bureau, Goodman has a total area of , of which , or 0.91%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,252 people, 280 households, and 206 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,523.3 people per square mile (589.5/km2). There were 303 housing units at an average density of 368.7 per square mile (142.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 65.81% African American, 33.23% White, 0.16% Native American, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.64% of the population. There were 280 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 32.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.58. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 39.0% from 18 to 24, 18.1% from 25 to 44, 10.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $13,929, and the median income for a family was $14,643. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,359. About 49.0% of families and 45.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 63.0% of those under age 18 and 35.9% of those age 65 or over. Education The town of Goodman is served by the Holmes County School District. It is served by Goodman-Pickens Elementary School, between Goodman and Pickens. In 2006 the school had about 379 students. High school students go to Holmes County Central High School. The Goodman Campus of Holmes Community College (formerly known as Holmes Junior College) is located here. Notable people Ode Burrell, former American Football League player Charles Davis, jazz saxophonist and composer Mattie Delaney, Delta blues singer and guitarist David Herbert Donald (1920–2009), Pulitzer-prize-winning historian. John Lomax, musicologist and folklorist Buddy Scott, blues guitarist Wirt Williams, novelist, journalist and professor of English, who was three times nominated for the Pulitzer Prize References External links Pictures of Goodman, MS Towns in Holmes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122300

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington%2C%20Mississippi

Lexington, Mississippi

Lexington is a city in and the county seat of Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The county was organized in 1833 and the city in 1836. The population was 1,731 at the 2010 census, down from 2,025 at the 2000 census. The estimated population in 2018 was 1,496. It has declined from its high of 3198 in 1950 due to the expansion of industrial-scale agriculture. Because of the difficulties in making a living, many people have left the rural county to seek work elsewhere. History Incorporated in 1836, the city of Lexington was founded by European-American settlers after most of the Choctaw people, who had long occupied this area, were forced to cede their land to the United States and remove to the Indian Territory. The new settlers initially developed riverfront land along the Yazoo and Black rivers for cotton plantations, primarily worked by enslaved African Americans. The enslaved people were brought by planters with them from the Upper South or transported in the domestic slave trade. In total, more than one million African Americans were transported to the Deep South, breaking up many families. The African-descended enslaved people soon constituted the majority of the Holmes County population. On court days, the town served as a trading center for the county and attracted retail merchants. Lexington was a destination in the 1830s of some German-Jewish immigrants, who often became merchants. They were joined much later in the century by Russian Jewish immigrants. The Jewish community built Temple Beth El in Lexington in 1905; it closed in 2009 because of declining population. During the plantation era, the city was bustling, as planters grew wealthy from the booming demand for cotton in the North and Europe. Among the early settlers in the 1830s was German-Jewish immigrant Jacob Sontheimer, who first worked caring for an elderly planter. After being bequeathed land, Sontheimer later became a merchant in town. His two daughters, Rose and Bettie, also became merchants, managing the Sontheimer business. He was joined by other Jewish immigrants from Germany, totaling about 20 by the late 1870s and 50 by 1900. In the later years Jewish immigrants also came from eastern Europe to Lexington. They developed tailoring and grocery businesses; the Lewis Grocery Store developed into a major wholesaler in the state. After the Civil War, freedmen in Holmes County, who constituted the majority of the population, joined the Republican Party and elected several county sheriffs and other local officers. They sought education and some became landowners, clearing land in the bottomlands and selling their timber to raise money for purchase. This progress was before 1890, when they were essentially deprived of the vote by the state legislature passing a new constitution, which created barriers to voter registration and forced them out of politics for decades into the late 20th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, financial recession and lack of political clout meant that many freedmen lost their land; within a generation they had regressed to the status of sharecropper and tenant farmer. 20th century to present Edmund F. Noel, an attorney in Lexington, was a son of planters Leland and Margaret Noel, from Virginia and North Carolina, respectively. His father had developed cotton plantations in Holmes County in the antebellum period. The younger Noel became a politician, elected as a state legislator and later as District Attorney. In 1906 he was elected as governor of Mississippi, serving through 1912. His house at North Street is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its distinctive architecture, and is known as the "Gov. Edmond F. Noel House". It was bequeathed to him by his mother. In the early 20th century, Mississippi planters recruited Chinese immigrant workers to satisfy the demand for farm labor, and some came to Holmes County. As the area suffered from the boll weevil infestation, the cotton crops suffered. Agricultural mechanization reduced the need for farm labor, leading to a decline in county and town populations from the 1930s on. Many African Americans left the South for northern and midwestern industrial cities, seeking more opportunities and escape from the violence of lynchings and oppression of Jim Crow rules. In the 1940s, two lynchings of black men took place in or near Lexington: singer B.B. King later recounted having seen a youth hanged in the courthouse square during the short time he was living there as a teenager, about 1942–1944. The body of 35-year-old Leon McTatie was found on 24 July 1946 in a bayou in nearby Sunflower County. He was beaten to death for allegedly stealing a saddle. Six white men were charged in his lynching but quickly acquitted at trial. Lexington was distinguished by two nationally known women: Arenia Mallory, an African-American music teacher from Illinois, started teaching at the newly established Saints Academy in Lexington in 1926, which was affiliated with the Church of God in Christ. She led the school for more than 50 years, expanding its programs to grades 1-12, and establishing a junior college. She developed the school from the early 20th century as a model of academic excellence for African-American students. During her long tenure, she also founded an associated junior college. During the 1960s, she was appointed by President John F. Kennedy to national positions and committees in the federal government. Hazel Brannon Smith, a white woman from an upper-class family, was based in Lexington, where she owned and published several rural newspapers. She promoted integration and change in the region during the civil rights era, winning a Pulitzer Prize for her editorials in 1964, the year of Freedom Summer and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, organized by African Americans before the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by Congress. Geography Lexington is in the center of Holmes County on the north side of the valley of Black Creek, a west-flowing tributary of the Yazoo River. Mississippi Highways 12 and 17 pass through the city, sharing four blocks of Carrollton Street north of the city center. Highway 12 leads east to Durant and northwest to Tchula, while Highway 17 leads north to Carrollton and south to Pickens. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.16%, are water. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lexington has a humid subtropical climate, in common with the vast majority of the American South. Demographics The table to the right shows two periods of dramatic population declines: from 1910 to 1920, and in the decades after 1960. These are periods of mechanization of agriculture and consolidation of land into large, industrial holdings. Many African Americans left the area in the Great Migration, particularly before passage of civil rights legislation, for better jobs elsewhere and to escape Jim Crow. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,025 people, 725 households, and 503 families residing in the city. The population density was 825.6 people per square mile (319.1/km2). There were 802 housing units at an average density of 327.0 per square mile (126.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 31.36% White, 67.26% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.64% Asian, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.98% of the population. There were 725 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 26.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.34. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $22,163, and the median income for a family was $29,732. Males had a median income of $25,750 versus $17,328 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,614. About 32.7% of families and 37.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54.5% of those under age 18 and 28.4% of those age 65 or over. 2010 census As of the 2010 Census, the racial composition of the city was: 71.8% Black or African American; 27.0% White 0.06% from other races; 0.5% Asian; 0.5% from two or more races; 0.1% American Indian; 0.0% Pacific Islander. 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,602 people, 545 households, and 363 families residing in the city. Education The city of Lexington is served by the Holmes County School District. William Dean Jr. Elementary School, and Holmes County Central High School (in the former J. J. McClain High School) are located in the area. The community previously also housed Lexington Elementary School. Lexington was previously home to Saints Industrial and Literary School, later known as Saints Academy. Founded in 1918, this private school for African-American students was established by the Church of God in Christ. Arenia Mallory, from Illinois, began as a music teacher and became principal and president of the school. She led its growth and the setting of high academic standards to provide opportunity to black students; the school had a national reputation. The school was expanded as Saints Academy and Junior College, and Saints College. Another private school in the city, Central Holmes Christian School (formerly Central Holmes Academy, was established in 1967 as a segregation academy). Notable people Chalmers Archer, author, academic and U.S. Special Forces veteran John C. Black, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1893 to 1895 and Medal of Honor recipient Lee Cooper, blues guitarist Minnie M. Cox, postmaster and teacher Leonard B. Cresswell, major general in the United States Marine Corps and recipient of the Navy Cross Buford Ellington, Governor of Tennessee from 1959 to 1963 and 1967 to 1971 Malachi Favors, jazz bassist B.B. King, musician, lived in Lexington Ronald Kirklin, Quartermaster General and Commandant of the Quartermaster School at Fort Lee, Virginia from 2014 to 2016 John R. Land, Louisiana Supreme Court Justice from 1921 to 1941 Alexander Lane (1857–1911), Illinois state representative and physician, born in Lexington Arenia Mallory, African-American educator and activist, principal of the Saints Academy and founder of its junior college Charles Harrison Mason, founder of the Church of God in Christ, an evangelical church which grew to have a national presence Melany Neilson, author William Nichols, architect Edmond Favor Noel, attorney, Governor of Mississippi 1908–1912; son of Leland Noel, an early planter in Holmes County who migrated from Virginia and became one of the largest slaveholders before the Civil War Milton L. Olive III, (1946-1965) United States Army Soldier and recipient of the Medal of Honor Lonnie Pitchford, blues musician born in Lexington Monroe Saffold Jr., American bodybuilder, first place Masters Mr. America AAU, tall division 1990 Hazel Brannon Smith (1914–1994), owner and publisher of the Lexington Advertiser and other local newspapers; first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing Otis "Big Smokey" Smothers, Chicago blues guitarist James Snedden, Medal of Honor recipient during the Civil War Neely Tucker, journalist, author Willie West, former National Football League defensive back Hattie Winston, actress in television, film and theatre See also Lexington Historic District References External links "History of Lexington's Jewish community", Institute of Southern Jewish Life "A Final Yom Kippur in the Delta for Mississippi Community Begun in 1830s", The Jewish Daily Forward Oliver Laughland, "In the poorest county, in America’s poorest state, a virus hits home: 'Hunger is rampant,'" The Guardian, April 6, 2020. Cities in Mississippi Cities in Holmes County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122301

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickens%2C%20Mississippi

Pickens, Mississippi

Pickens is a town in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,157 at the 2010 census, down from 1,325 at the 2000 census. History The town was named for landowner James Pickens and was incorporated in 1858. On May 9, 1919, an African American veteran was lynched as part of the Red Summer of 1919 because of an “improper note” written to a white woman. Geography Pickens is located in the southeast corner of Holmes County at (32.886672, -89.970092), on the west side of the Big Black River. It is bordered to the south by Yazoo County and to the east across the Big Black by Attala County. U.S. Route 51 passes through the town, leading northeast to Goodman and south to Canton. Mississippi Highway 17 follows US 51 through Pickens, but leaves the highway south of town to lead southeast to Camden, and splits from US 51 north of Pickens to lead north to Lexington, the Holmes County seat. Mississippi Highway 432 leads west from Pickens to Benton. Interstate 55 passes west of Pickens, with access from Exit 139 (Highway 432) and Exit 144 (Highway 17). I-55 leads south to Jackson, the state capital, and north to Grenada. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Pickens has a total area of , of which , or 1.96%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,325 people, 452 households, and 333 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,062.3 people per square mile (409.3/km). There were 496 housing units at an average density of 397.7 per square mile (153.2/km). The racial makeup of the town was 11.92% White, 87.70% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population. There were 452 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 33.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.52. In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $17,330, and the median income for a family was $20,956. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $17,574 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,812. About 36.1% of families and 40.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 51.4% of those under age 18 and 41.9% of those age 65 or over. Education The town of Pickens is served by the Holmes County School District. It is served by Goodman-Pickens Elementary School, between Pickens and Goodman. In 2006 the school had about 379 students. High school students are zoned to Holmes County Central High School. Notable person Gus Courts, civil rights activist References Towns in Holmes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122302

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchula%2C%20Mississippi

Tchula, Mississippi

Tchula is a town in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 2,096 at the 2010 census, down from 2,332 in 2000. A 2015 article in The Guardian described it as the poorest community in the United States. History The first permanent settlement at Tchula was made in the 1830s. The community takes its name from Tchula Lake. In the 1960s most residents were farmworkers; the properties they worked on belonged to people living in other communities in the area. Mississippi columnist Sid Salter stated that the Tchula area had "Some of the best farmland in America" and "some of the most successful plantations". In 1982 the mayor was incarcerated; he was the town's first black mayor. Chris McGreal of The Guardian stated that the criminal charges were "trumped-up". In the 2000s the community elected Yvonne Brown as mayor. She was a Republican, and the community hoped this would convince George W. Bush, the President of the United States, to provide additional funding. She was the first black Republican woman to be elected as a mayor in the country. By 2015 many of the jobs in the area had vanished, partly due to increased use of machines in agriculture. Many businesses formerly in the town had disappeared. Geography Tchula is in western Holmes County along Tchula Lake, an old river channel in the Mississippi Delta region of the state. U.S. Route 49E passes through the center of town, leading north to Greenwood and southwest to Yazoo. Mississippi Highway 12 leads southeast from Tchula to Lexington, the Holmes County seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 2.31%, is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,652 people, 735 households, and 400 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,332 people, 724 households, and 524 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,683.6 people per square mile (647.8/km). There were 772 housing units at an average density of 557.4 per square mile (214.4/km). The racial makeup of the town was 3.43% White, 95.93% African American, 0.09% Native American, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population. There were 724 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.4% were married couples living together, 45.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.22 and the average family size was 3.92. In the town, the population was spread out, with 37.9% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 14.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $11,571, and the median income for a family was $14,773. Males had a median income of $22,250 versus $16,310 for females. The per capita income for the town was $6,373. About 49.4% of families and 54.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 66.6% of those under age 18 and 55.8% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, Tchula had the fifth-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000. Government and infrastructure In 2015 McGreal stated that the police forces were under-equipped. The police chief himself had a second job. Education The town of Tchula is served by the Holmes County School District. Current schools in the area include S.V. Marshall Elementary School and Holmes County Central High School. The Holmes County Learning Center is in Tchula itself. Previously Marshall's campus housed S.V. Marshall High School. Mississippi Blues Trail marker Notable people Woodrow Adams, Delta blues guitarist and harmonica player Yvonne Brown (1952–2012), politician elected in Tchula as the first black Republican female mayor in Mississippi, serving from 2001 to 2009. She was the Republican nominee for Mississippi's 2nd congressional district in 2006. Jimmy Dawkins (1936–2013), blues guitarist and singer, who moved to Chicago at 18 or 19 Bess Phipps Dawson, painter and gallerist Lester Davenport (1932–2009), blues musician Chris Epps, former commissioner of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, pleaded guilty to corruption-related charges Johnny Mitchell, former National Football League tight end Little Smokey Smothers (1939–2010), blues guitarist and singer Hartman Turnbow (1905–1988), first black person in Mississippi to register to vote in the 1960s, following disfranchisement in 1890 References External links Towns in Holmes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122303

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%2C%20Mississippi

West, Mississippi

West is a town in northeastern Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 185 at the 2010 census, down from 220 at the 2000 census. The Mayor of West, MS as of December 2020 is Michael Fancher. History West made national news in 1989 when all-white East Holmes Academy, now closed but formerly located in West, initially refused to play a football game against Heritage Academy because Heritage had a black player. After seven East Holmes players quit the team, two board members resigned and the Mississippi Private School Association threatened to eject the school, East Holmes relented. Geography West is bordered to the east by the Big Black River, which is also the Attala County line. West is the easternmost municipality in Holmes county. U.S. Route 51 passes through the center of town, leading north to Vaiden and south to Durant. Interstate 55 passes west of town, with access from Exit 164 (Emory Road). I-55 leads south to Jackson, the state capital, and north to Memphis, Tennessee. Mississippi Highway 19 leads southeast from West to Kosciusko. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of West has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 220 people, 94 households, and 64 families residing in the town. The population density was 394.6 people per square mile (151.7/km). There were 113 housing units at an average density of 202.7 per square mile (77.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 56.36% White, 42.73% African American, 0.45% Asian, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.27% of the population. There were 94 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.88. In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 25.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $25,625, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $22,083 versus $12,396 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,398. About 14.9% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 31.2% of those 65 or over. Education The town of West is served by the Holmes County School District. References Towns in Holmes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122304

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belzoni%2C%20Mississippi

Belzoni, Mississippi

Belzoni ( ) is a city in Humphreys County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta region, on the Yazoo River. The population was 2,235 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Humphreys County. It was named for the 19th-century Italian archaeologist/explorer Giovanni Battista Belzoni. The area was named Farm-Raised Catfish Capital of the World in 1976 by then Governor Cliff Finch, since it produces more farm-raised catfish than any other U.S. county. About of the county are under water in ponds used to grow catfish. About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish are grown within a 65-mile (100-km) radius of Belzoni. The title "Catfish Capital" is also claimed by Savannah, Tennessee, Des Allemands, Louisiana, and Selkirk, Manitoba. Belzoni is known for the World Catfish Festival held every April. History The area that eventually became Belzoni was originally known as "Greasy Row" because of saloons along the bank of the Yazoo River, which was the main transportation route until replaced by railroads. In 1895, a charter was granted for the village of Belzoni, although the area had been settled by European Americans and African Americans for several decades previously. It was developed for cotton plantations before the Civil War and relied on agriculture well into the 20th century. Steve Castleman, who secured the charter, was elected as the first mayor of Belzoni. When Humphreys County was formed by the state legislature in 1918, Belzoni was selected as the county seat. Civil Rights Movement Belzoni was the site of the murder of an early civil rights pioneer. The Rev. George W. Lee, an African American minister who was seeking voting rights for the disenfranchised blacks of the Mississippi Delta and registered to vote, was murdered in 1955 in "Bloody Belzoni" by white residents committed to upholding segregation. His killers were never found, as the governor of Mississippi, Hugh L. White, refused to investigate the case. Many consider Lee the first martyr of the modern civil rights movement. As an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley, Margot Adler, later a National Public Radio correspondent, was active in the voter registration drive in Humphreys County (Belzoni) in the summer of 1965, before the passage of the Voting Rights Act on August 6 of that year. In 2000, she recalled: "I remember how difficult it was to register people: the fear was palpable. I remember that after one month of daily work there were only seven people registered, and a bunch of us almost got ourselves killed after being chased onto private property by a group of men who belonged to the White Citizens Council". She said that the civil rights movement changed Humphreys County, and bettered the lot of African Americans. "There was real change in Belzoni. Streets were paved in hog town, sewers no longer overflowed into the dirt streets. Several black families I knew from then have held political office during the last decade". Recent history In 2006, Belzoni elected Wardell Walton as mayor, the first African-American to hold the position. He was re-elected to a second term. He was succeeded in 2013 by Lenora Sutton, the first female mayor of Belzoni. In 2017 Carol M. Ivy was elected mayor. Historical markers and attractions Belzoni's role in history has been recognized primarily through historical marker campaigns. The Mississippi Blues Trail has two markers located in city limits: one for Denise LaSalle, who spent her childhood in Belzoni; and another for Turner's Drug Store, an early sponsor for radio shows that broadcast Delta blues, and location of some performances by native artists Sonny Boy Williamson II and Elmore James. There is a marker for Reverend George Lee as part of the Mississippi Freedom Trail, detailing his contribution to the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi, located near his burial site. In 1990, the local African-American community placed concrete markers on each side of George Lee Avenue. Other attractions located in Belzoni include the Catfish Museum; Jaketown Museum, which contains artifacts of a nearby Native American mound; Mama's Dream World, a museum commemorating Ethel Wright Mohamed; and Wister Gardens, a local garden highlighting local flowers and plant life, often used for events in the area. In the early-2000s, the city, in conjunction with the Humphreys County Art Council and Belzoni-Humphreys Development Foundation, sponsored the art project Catfish on Parade, a collection of fiberglass catfish decorated by local artists. Each catfish's design is based on a reference to its specific commercial sponsor ("D. Fin-Der, Esquire" sponsored by a local law firm) or on a theme chosen by that sponsor ("Fishin' for Words", detailing works and images of famous Mississippi writers). Geography Belzoni is located at (33.1813, -90.4857). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,938 people, 809 households, and 525 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,663 people, 934 households, and 640 families residing in the city. The population density was . The 1,018 housing units averaged . The racial makeup of the city was 30.49% White, 68.08% Black, 0.04% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.35% of the population. Of the 934 households, 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 28.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were not families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.49. In the city, the population was distributed as 32.2% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $20,690, and for a family was $25,521. Males had a median income of $26,466 versus $15,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,022. About 29.3% of families and 35.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.4% of those under age 18 and 27.3% of those age 65 or over. Education Public schools The City of Belzoni is served by the Humphreys County School District: Humphreys County High School Thomas C. Randle Career and Technical Center Humphreys County Junior High School O.M. McNair Upper Elementary School Ida Greene Lower Elementary School Private schools Humphreys Academy Media Radio stations WELZ 1460AM (Country) WBYP 107.1FM (Country) Newspaper Belzoni Banner Climate The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Belzoni has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps. Notable people Eddie "Guitar" Burns, Delta blues musician Jim Clark, head football coach at McNeese State University from 1966 to 1969 Boyd Gilmore, Delta blues singer and guitarist Charles Gordon, film producer. Brother to Lawrence Gordon. Lawrence Gordon, film producer and former president of 20th Century Fox and American International Pictures Madolyn Hardy, first Miss Mississippi in 1934 Elmore James, blues guitarist Denise LaSalle, blues singer and member of the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame was raised in Belzoni. Ethel Wright Mohamed, 'Grandma Moses of Stitchery' Ollie Mohamed, former member of the Mississippi Senate Pinetop Perkins, Grammy Award winning blues musician, and Blues Hall of Famer was born in Belzoni in 1913. Otis Spann, blues pianist and longtime member of Muddy Waters's band, also recorded with Howlin' Wolf and Chuck Berry, among others Benjamin Swan, member of Massachusetts House of Representatives Monroe Swan, Wisconsin State Senate Ernie Terrell, boxer Jean Terrell, R&B and jazz singer, replaced Diana Ross in The Supremes in 1970 Herb Washington, track and field athlete and Major League Baseball player Annette Polly Williams, Wisconsin State Assembly Ben Williams, former National Football League defensive end References Further reading History of Belzoni's Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life) External links Cities in Mississippi Cities in Humphreys County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122305

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola%2C%20Mississippi

Isola, Mississippi

Isola is a town in Humphreys County, Mississippi, United States, on the banks of Lake Dawson. The population was 713 at the 2010 census, down from 768 at the 2000 census. The name is derived from "isolation", due to the town's remote location when it was founded. Geography Isola is located in northern Humphreys County at (33.262467, -90.593708). It is bordered to the north by Sunflower County. U.S. Route 49W passes through the east side of the town, leading north to Indianola and southeast to Belzoni, the Humphreys County seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. The southeast end of Lake Dawson, an old river channel, is near the northwest corner of the town. The lake leads northwest and connects via Pawson Bayou to the Big Sunflower River, a tributary of the Yazoo River. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 768 people, 279 households, and 191 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,040.5 people per square mile (400.7/km2). There were 307 housing units at an average density of 415.9 per square mile (160.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 63.67% African American, 32.68% White, 0.52% Native American, 2.73% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population. There were 279 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 25.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.37. In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.6% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $25,063, and the median income for a family was $27,396. Males had a median income of $20,909 versus $17,639 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,487. About 25.1% of families and 30.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.0% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over. Education The town is served by the Humphreys County School District. The children in Isola attend school in Belzoni. Notable people Willie Bailey, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives Hank Cochran, country music singer and songwriter References Towns in Humphreys County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122306

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%2C%20Mississippi

Louise, Mississippi

Louise is a town in Humphreys County, Mississippi. The population was 199 at the 2010 census, down from 315 at the 2000 census. History On July 15, 1919, Black veteran Robert Truett was lynched as part of the Red Summer of 1919. William "Willie" Sklar served as alderman and later mayor for three terms. Sklar was a Jewish immigrant who came to Louise in search of the American dream. Hoover Lee, a long-time citizen, businessman, and government official, resides here. His "Hoover Sauce" marinade/BBQ sauce is nationally renowned. On September 19, 2007, Chris Talbott of the Associated Press featured him in a nationwide article. He has been noted in Delta, Southern Living, and Y'all magazines, and recently mentioned in the publication "Wild Abundance", a cookbook anthology, compiled by hunters from numerous hunting clubs from the South. Geography Louise is located in southern Humphreys County along Silver Creek in the Mississippi Delta region. Mississippi Highway 149 passes just east of the town, leading north to U.S. Route 49W at Silver City and south via Mississippi Highway 16 to Yazoo City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Louise has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, 315 people, 117 households, and 80 families resided in the town. The population density was 1,898.5 people per square mile (715.4/km). The 125 housing units averaged 753.4 per square mile (283.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 54.29% African American, 44.13% White and 1.59% Asian. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.32% of the population. Of the 117 households, 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 21.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were not families. About 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.28. In the town, the population was distributed as 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.8 males. The median income for a household in the town was $28,750, and for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,658. About 14.0% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.9% of those under age 18 and 40.4% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for Humphreys County is $10,926 and ranked 76 of 82 counties. The per capita income for Louise, Mississippi, is $14,658 and ranked 129 of 329 places listed in Mississippi. Economy Louise is mostly an agricultural community. One of the biggest farms is Seward and Son Planting Company. Government The current mayor of Louise is Thomas Ruffin Smith. Previously serving as interim mayor, he was elected on June 2, 2009, for a four-year term. Former mayors of Louise have been Howard Webb, Hoover Lee, D.G. Rutledge, L.D. Schoonover, and the above-mentioned William Sklar. Education The town of Louise is served by the Humphreys County School District. Notable people Houston Antwine, former professional football player Leon Finney Jr., minister and community organizer Hip Linkchain, Chicago blues guitarist James D. Montgomery, attorney Warren Smith, rockabilly singer References Towns in Humphreys County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122307

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20City%2C%20Mississippi

Silver City, Mississippi

Silver City is a town in Humphreys County, Mississippi. The population was 337 at the 2010 census, unchanged from the 2000 census. The town was first named "Palmetto Home", after a nearby plantation. Geography Silver City is located in central Humphreys County at (33.095335, -90.495814), in the Mississippi Delta region. It is bordered to the east by the Yazoo River. U.S. Route 49W passes through the town, leading north to Belzoni, the county seat, and south to Yazoo City. Mississippi Highway 149, an old alignment of US 49W, leads southwest from Silver City to Louise. According to the United States Census Bureau, Silver City has a total area of , of which , or 3.56%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 337 people, 124 households, and 76 families residing in the town. The population density was 553.7 people per square mile (213.3/km). There were 133 housing units at an average density of 218.5 per square mile (84.2/km). The racial makeup of the town was 21.66% White and 78.34% African American. There were 124 households, out of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.5% were married couples living together, 24.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.59. In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $22,083, and the median income for a family was $20,000. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,459. About 36.6% of families and 49.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 70.8% of those under age 18 and 38.6% of those age 65 or over. Education Silver City is served by the Humphreys County School District. Notable people Spencer Haywood, participated on the US Olympic gold medal-winning basketball team, then played professionally Jack Reed, professional baseball player and member of the 1961 World Series champion New York Yankees References Towns in Humphreys County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122308

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayersville%2C%20Mississippi

Mayersville, Mississippi

Mayersville is a town on the east bank of the Mississippi River, and the county seat for Issaquena County, Mississippi, United States. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region, known for cotton cultivation in the antebellum era. Once the trading center for the county, the town was superseded when railroads were built into the area. The population of the majority-black town was 547 at the 2010 census, down from 795 at the 2000 census. History Native Americans had lived in this area since prehistoric times. The Mayersville Archeological Site, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, is on privately owned land. It contains the remains of earthwork mounds constructed primarily in the Mayersville phase ( 1200–1400) of the earlier Mississippian culture. A 1950 survey by Philip Phillips of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology reported eleven ancient mounds. By the time the site was nominated by the state to the National Register of Historic Places, two mounds had been completely destroyed, a third one was nearly gone, three were reduced in size by plowing, and five remained nearly as described. Three mounds had enclosed a large plaza measuring roughly . The fourth side was bounded by three mounds. Among these was Mound I, which was found to have been re-occupied from 1400 to 1600, perhaps by the succeeding Choctaw people. A European-American family cemetery associated with a 19th-century plantation was developed on Mound A. The first record of non-Native settlement was in 1830, when European-American Ambrose Gipson purchased a large body of land along the Mississippi River and founded "Gipson's Landing". This soon became the port on the river for shipping out the cotton of Issaquena and Sharkey counties. It attracted shifting populations of river crews, gamblers, and traders, as well as show boats during low water times. The shipping records for David Mayer, who owned nearby Mout Level Plantation, show that river freight was shipped from the port via steamboat to points in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Mississippi. Mayer purchased Gipson's Landing in 1870, and the town of Mayersville was founded in 1871. The town was established in 1872 by the legislature as the Issaquena County seat. In January 1885, black saloon keeper Ebenzer Fowler was rumored to have sent an insulting letter to a white woman in the town. An armed white posse confronted Fowler on the main street just before dark on January 30, 1885. They claimed that Fowler grabbed a gun from a posse member and fired a shot at them; they returned fire and shot him dead. Tension between the town's blacks, a majority of the population, and whites flared following the shooting. The county sheriff called in 22 members of Vicksburg's militia, the "Volunteer Southrons", for assistance. The militia left the following day when tensions had eased. Mayersville's popularity as a shipping port began to decline in the mid-1800s when it had to compete with the railways being built across the South, though no railway was built to the town. The construction of a levee following the hugely destructive flood of 1927 cut off direct river access for the town, causing further decline. In the 21st century, Bunge North America operates a large grain port in Millers Landing north of town. In 1958, the current county courthouse in Mayersville was built. With federal legislation in the mid-1960s, African Americans regained the ability to register and vote. In 1976, famed civil rights activist Unita Blackwell was elected mayor of Mayersville and the first female African-American mayor in Mississippi. Mayersville's small population and quiet character are in sharp contrast to its years as a booming Mississippi River port. Geography Mayersville is in northern Issaquena County, just east of the Mississippi River, from which it is separated by a levee. Mississippi Highway 1 passes through the town, leading north to Greenville and south to U.S. Route 61 at Onward. Vicksburg is south of Mayersville via Highways 1 and 61. Mississippi Highway 14 has its western terminus in Mayersville and runs out of town to the northeast with Highway 1. Highway 14 leads east to US-61 at Rolling Fork. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Mayersville has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 433 people, 155 households, and 66 families residing in the town. 2013 ACS As of the 2013 American Community Survey, there were 652 people living in the town, a decline since 2000. The remaining population is increasingly African American. 90.2% were African American, 9.7% White and 0.2% from some other race. 0.2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 795 people, 190 households, and 126 families living in the town. The population density was 710.7 people per square mile (274.1/km2). There were 212 housing units at an average density of 189.5 per square mile (73.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 88.05% Black or African American, 11.95% White, and 0.13% Hispanic or Latino. There were 190 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.3% were married couples living together, 31.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.53. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 16.0% from 18 to 24, 36.9% from 25 to 44, 13.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 165.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 228.7 males. The median income for a household in the town was $10,962, and the median income for a family was $15,208. Males had a median income of $20,917 versus $15,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $7,287. About 41.6% of families and 49.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 62.6% of those under age 18 and 51.4% of those age 65 or over. Education The town of Mayersville is served by the South Delta School District. Notable people Unita Blackwell, civil rights leader and mayor of Mayersville from 1976-2001; first female African-American mayor in Mississippi. Hazlewood Power Farish, Mississippi state senator from 1908 to 1912 William Stamps Farish II, president of Standard Oil. Anthony Harris, professional football defensive tackle Elza Jeffords, U.S. Representative from Mississippi's 3rd congressional district from 1883 to 1885 Willis Elbert Mollison (1859-1924), attorney and first African-American district attorney in Mississippi; migrated to Chicago between 1910 and 1920, where he continued to work at law. Henry Sterling Sias, Sr. - Farmer and educator, devout civil rights activist. Began one of the first famed Freedom Schools after four of his children were expelled from school for wearing SNCC pins and refusing to take them off. He housed and facilitated civil rights notables, such as Stokley Carmichael, Marion Wright, Robert Wright, Ivanhoe Donelson, Charles Cobb, Willie Rollins and Louis Grant. He attended the Democratic Freedom Party Convention in Atlantic City with Fannie Lou Hamer. References Towns in Issaquena County, Mississippi Mississippi populated places on the Mississippi River Towns in Mississippi County seats in Mississippi 1830 establishments in Mississippi

122309

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton%2C%20Mississippi

Fulton, Mississippi

Fulton is a city in and the county seat of Itawamba County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 3,961 at the 2010 census. The city is part of the Tupelo Micropolitan Statistical Area. History Fulton was established in 1837 as a county seat for the newly created Itawamba County. It is named for Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat. Geography Fulton is located west of the center of Itawamba County at (34.266110, -88.401358). It is bordered to the west by the Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway. Interstate 22/U.S. Route 78 passes through the southern part of the city, with access from Exit 104 (S. Adams Street). I-22 leads west to Tupelo and east to Hamilton, Alabama. Mississippi Highway 25 passes through the southeastern part of Fulton, leading south to Smithville and north to Belmont. According to the United States Census Bureau, Fulton has a total area of , of which are land and , or 2.46%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,542 people, 1,255 households, and 797 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 3,882 people, 1,357 households, and 891 families residing in the city. The population density was 450.3 people per square mile (173.9/km2). There were 1,508 housing units at an average density of 174.9 per square mile (67.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.69% White, 14.61% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population. There were 1,357 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 21.3% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.5 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 82.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $29,449, and the median income for a family was $42,287. Males had a median income of $33,490 versus $23,278 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,540. About 9.7% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over. Education Fulton is served by the Itawamba County School District. Media W39CA-D Channel 39 TV is a Unity Broadcasting Network station. Infrastructure The Mississippian Railway provides rail service to local companies. The Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway provides water transportation for industries in Fulton. Notable people Donnie Bell, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives Brian Dozier, Major League Baseball infielder Roy Gregory, former head football coach for Austin Peay State University Jimmie Lunceford, jazz alto saxophonist and bandleader in the swing era Ally Ewing (nee McDonald), professional golfer on LPGA Tour Maikhail Miller, former American football quarterback Vernon Presley, father of Elvis Presley Lyonel Thomas Senter Jr., U.S. federal judge Samuel M. Taylor, congressman from Arkansas Peggy Welch, member of the Indiana House of Representatives References Cities in Mississippi Cities in Itawamba County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Tupelo micropolitan area

122310

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremont%2C%20Mississippi

Tremont, Mississippi

Tremont is a town in Itawamba County, Mississippi, United States. It was founded in 1852. The population was 465 at the 2010 census, up from 390 at the 2000 census. Geography Tremont is in eastern Itawamba County, to the east of Bull Mountain Creek, part of the Tombigbee River watershed. Interstate 22/U.S. Route 78 passes through the southern end of the town, with access from Exit 113. I-22/US-78 leads west to Tupelo and east to Jasper, Alabama. Mississippi Highway 178, following the former alignment of US-78, runs through the center of Tremont, leading west to Fulton, the Itawamba County seat. Mississippi Highway 23 passes through the center of Tremont, leading southwest to Smithville and northeast to Red Bay, Alabama. According to the United States Census Bureau, Tremont has a total area of , of which , or 0.30%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 390 people, 153 households, and 111 families residing in the town. The population density was 78.9 people per square mile (30.4/km). There were 178 housing units at an average density of 36.0 per square mile (13.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 96.15% White, 1.54% African American, 0.26% Asian, 1.03% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population. There were 153 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.04. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $27,143, and the median income for a family was $35,341. Males had a median income of $31,042 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,348. About 14.3% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 19.7% of those age 65 or over. Education Tremont is served by the Itawamba County School District. Notable people Sharion Aycock, Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi Randy Boyd, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, was raised in Tremont and graduated in 1972 from Tremont High School. Donald G. Jackson, filmmaker Tammy Wynette, country music singer References Towns in Mississippi Towns in Itawamba County, Mississippi Towns in Tupelo micropolitan area

122311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Point%2C%20Mississippi

Big Point, Mississippi

Big Point is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 611 at the 2010 census. History A post office operated under the name Bigpoint from 1894 to 1942. Geography Big Point is located in northeastern Jackson County at (30.586925, -88.481968). Mississippi Highway 613 passes through the community, leading north to Hurley and southwest to Escatawpa. Pascagoula, the county seat, is south of Big Point. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 115 people, 41 households, and 38 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,059.0 people per square mile (403.7/km2). There were 42 housing units at an average density of 386.8/sq mi (147.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.13% White, and 0.87% from two or more races. There were 41 households, out of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 4.9% were non-families. 4.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 2.90. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.5 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $30,125, and the median income for a family was $30,125. Males had a median income of $22,361 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,243. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line. Education Big Point is served by the Jackson County School District. It includes two elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. Students in Big Point attend schools in Hurley, Mississippi. Elementary schools East Central Lower Elementary School East Central Upper Elementary School Middle school East Central Middle School High school East Central High School References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122312

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escatawpa%2C%20Mississippi

Escatawpa, Mississippi

Escatawpa is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,722 at the 2010 census. History The community takes its name from the Escatawpa River. A post office called Escatawpa was established in 1885. In 1990, the original center of Escatawpa was annexed into the city of Moss Point, located just to the south. The adjoining unincorporated area north of Moss Point is the current Escatawpa census-designated place. The city was devastated by Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. Escatawpa is the home of the rock band 3 Doors Down. Escatawpa is 6 miles north of Pascagoula. In 1906, the population of Escatawpa was 500. Geography The Escatawpa CDP is in eastern Jackson County on the east side of the Pascagoula River. It is bordered to the south by the city of Moss Point. The original community of Escatawpa, now a neighborhood in Moss Point, was centered just north of present-day Interstate 10. The current CDP is north of the center of Moss Point and north of Pascagoula, the Jackson county seat. Mississippi Highway 613 is the main road through the center of Escatawpa, and four-lane Mississippi Highway 63 forms the eastern edge of the community. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Escatawpa CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 3.49%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 3,566 people, 1,310 households, and 1,002 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 552.8 people per square mile (213.5/km2). There were 1,434 housing units at an average density of 222.3/sq mi (85.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.45% African American, 17.64% White, 0.31% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population. Households There were 1,310 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.06. Ages In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males. Income The median income for a household in the CDP was $41,101, and the median income for a family was $48,942. Males had a median income of $35,050 versus $20,762 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,850. About 5.5% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over. Education Escatawpa is served by the Moss Point School District. It includes two elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. Students in Escatawpa attend schools in Moss Point, Mississippi. Schools Moss Point High School Magnolia Middle School Escatawpa Upper Elementary School (Grades 3–5) Kreole Primary School (Grades K-2) Notable people Brad Arnold, 3 Doors Down singer/drummer 3 Doors Down, rock band Wendell Davis, professional football player Jack G. Hanson, recipient of the Medal of Honor References Census-designated places in Mississippi Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122313

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenandoah

Shenandoah

Shenandoah may refer to: People Senedo people, a Native American tribe in Virginia Skenandoa or Shenandoah (1710–1816), Oneida Iroquois chief Joanne Shenandoah (1958–2021), Oneida Iroquois singer and acoustic guitarist Places United States Virginia and West Virginia Shenandoah, Virginia, a town in the state of Virginia Shenandoah County, Virginia, a county in the state of Virginia Shenandoah River, a river in Virginia and West Virginia Shenandoah Valley, the valley through which the aforementioned river runs Shenandoah Valley AVA, an American Viticultural Area in Virginia and West Virginia Shenandoah Mountain, a mountain ridge in Virginia and West Virginia Shenandoah National Park, a national park east of the Shenandoah Valley Shenandoah Historic District Other US places Shenandoah (Miami), a neighborhood within the city of Miami, Florida Shenandoah, Iowa Shenandoah, Louisiana Shenandoah, New York Shenandoah, Pennsylvania Shenandoah Creek, a tributary of Mahanoy Creek in Pennsylvania Shenandoah, Texas Shenandoah, Houston, neighborhood of Houston, Texas California Shenandoah Valley AVA, an American Viticultural Area in California Shenandoah Peak, in Nevada, US Shenandoah station, an historic building located in Shenandoah, Iowa, United States New Zealand Shenandoah River (New Zealand), a river in the South Island Shenandoah Highway or State Highway 65, in the South Island Transportation Ships USS Shenandoah, several ships USNS Shenandoah (T-AO-181), an oiler laid down in 1964, renamed USNS Potomac (T-AO-181) CSS Shenandoah, an 1863 Confederate Navy screw steamer Shenandoah (schooner), a 1964 topsail schooner run by The Black Dog Shenandoah (1902), a schooner built in New York in 1902 Airships USS Shenandoah (ZR-1), an American naval rigid airship, broken up in a storm in 1925 Trains Shenandoah (B&O train), an American passenger train Shenandoah (Amtrak train), an American passenger train between Washington, DC, and Cincinnati, Ohio Arts and media "Oh Shenandoah", an episode of The Newsroom HBO series Shenandoah (film), a 1965 film starring Jimmy Stewart Shenandoah (musical), a 1974 Broadway musical based on the film Shenandoah (magazine), a literary magazine published by Washington and Lee University Shenandoah (video game) A Man Called Shenandoah, a Western television series Music "Oh Shenandoah", a popular American folk song or sea shanty Shenandoah (band), a country music group Shenandoah (album), their 1987 self-titled debut album Shenandoah, a band formed by Arlo Guthrie "Shen-an-doah", the closing song on Pitchshifter's 2002 album PSI Organizations Shenandoah Valley Academy, a parochial, college-preparatory boarding school in New Market, Virginia, US Confederate Army of the Shenandoah, during the American Civil War, US Union Army of the Shenandoah, during the American Civil War, US Shenandoah University, a university in Winchester, Virginia, US Museum of the Shenandoah Valley, also in Winchester, Virginia, US Other uses Shenandoah (beard), a type of beard Shenandoah Circuit, a race track at Summit Point Motorsports Park, West Virginia, US See also Shenandoah-Dives Mill, a former ore mill Operation Shenandoah, a 1966 operation in the Vietnam war Army of the Shenandoah (disambiguation)

122314

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautier%2C%20Mississippi

Gautier, Mississippi

Gautier ( ) is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States, along the Gulf of Mexico west of Pascagoula. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 18,572 at the 2010 census, up from 11,681 at the 2000 census. In 2002, Gautier had annexed land more than doubling its area. Gautier is a bedroom resort community surrounded by bayous and wetlands on three sides. The natural environment of Gautier offers many opportunities for recreation and eco-tourism. The Gulf Coast region, of which Gautier is a part, has been considered a relatively high growth area of the state; however, the loss of houses and jobs after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005 led to outmigration in 2006. History The town takes its name from the Gautier family that originated in Lyon, France. Fernando Upton Gautier (1822–1891) was born on a cargo ship as his parents were emigrating to New Orleans. In 1867, Gautier established a spacious homestead at the mouth of the Pascagoula River, which still stands. He established a lucrative sawmill business in the area, and the town grew up from it. The home, known by locals as "The Old Place", is owned by the descendants of Fernando Upton Gautier and his wife, Theresa Fayard Gautier (1828–1911), and is used for private and public events. Geography Gautier is located in southern Jackson County along Mississippi Sound of the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the West Pascagoula River, locally known as the "Singing River". The city is bordered to the east by the city of Pascagoula (the Jackson county seat) and to the west by Ocean Springs, and to the north by unincorporated Vancleave. U.S. Route 90 passes through the center of Gautier, leading east into Pascagoula and to Ocean Springs. Interstate 10 passes through the northern part of the city limits, with access from Exit 57 (Mississippi Highway 57) and Exit 61 (Gautier Vancleave Road). I-10 leads west to the Gulfport area and east to Mobile, Alabama. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Gautier has a total area of , of which are land and , or 5.90%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 19,024 people, 7,013 households, and 4,577 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 11,681 people, 4,260 households, and 3,233 families residing in the city. The population density was 954.2 people per square mile (368.5/km2). There were 4,597 housing units at an average density of 375.5 per square mile (145.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 68.19% White, 27.65% African American, 0.51% Native American, 1.28% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.90% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.19% of the population. There were 4,260 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.11. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $41,244, and the median income for a family was $46,835. Males had a median income of $33,474 versus $21,622 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,525. About 15.1% of families and 17.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.4% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over. Government The city of Gautier has had a City Manager-Council organizational structure since 1987. Although Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005 slowed growth, the population of Gautier is expected to grow at a steady rate during the coming decades. The socio-economic demographics of the city is similar to that of Jackson County in terms of income, age, gender and education, although Gautier has a higher rate of college-educated persons. The income and employment of residents benefits greatly from the proximity of strong employment centers in Jackson County. Education Gautier is served by the Pascagoula-Gautier School District. The main secondary school in the city is Gautier High School, whose doors opened in 1996 and which was awarded blue ribbon status by the Department of Education in 2005. The city is also served by Gautier Middle School, Singing River Academy, and three elementary schools. The Jackson County Campus of Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College is located in Gautier, as one of four campuses of the community college. Notable people Walter Inglis Anderson, painter and writer Mario Edwards Jr., professional football defensive end Aaron Jones, professional basketball player Margie Joseph, R&B, soul and gospel singer Kez McCorvey, former professional football player John Read, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives References External links City of Gautier official website Community website (archived) Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jackson County, Mississippi Cities in Pascagoula metropolitan area Populated coastal places in Mississippi Populated places established in 1986

122315

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20Hills%2C%20Mississippi

Gulf Hills, Mississippi

Gulf Hills is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,144 at the 2010 census, up from 5,900 at the 2000 census. Geography Gulf Hills is located along the Mississippi Gulf Coast at (30.434065, -88.825794), just south of Interstate 10. It is bordered by St. Martin (a census-designated place) to the west, Latimer (a census-designated place) to the north and the city of Ocean Springs to the south. Pascagoula is to the southeast via U.S. Route 90, and Biloxi is to the southwest, across Biloxi Bay. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Gulf Hills CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 6.03%, are water. The terrain in the Bayou Porteaux region is relatively high considering its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico. Elevations range from sea level to above sea level. The area of interest lies south of the Big Ridge escarpment, on the western terminus of an east-west striking coastal ridge, which is sub-parallel to the Big Ridge. Here small bayous and streams have dissected the topography with steep ravines to create a "hilly" terrain. Reconnaissance, surface and geologic investigations indicate that alluvial-fluvial deposits of the Late Pleistocene Prairie Formation are exposed in the higher areas of the Bayou Porteaux-Gulf Hills section. History "Bayou Puerto" is the ancestral name for the area that is now Gulf Hills. This small, isolated, primarily Roman Catholic settlement came into existence in the mid-19th century, and encompassed for the most part the south half of Section 12, all of Section 13, the east half of Section 14, and the northeast quarter of Section 24, all of T7S-R9W, Jackson County, Mississippi. The majority of the people of the Bayou Puerto sector made their livelihoods from the sea and forest. The sea provided fish, crustaceans, and mollusks, as well as the medium for travel and trade. Sylvan dwellers cut timber and light wood and made charcoal. Agriculturally, there were some citrus orchards and viticulture, but large traditional farms were nonexistence. Families cultivated vegetable gardens to supplement their high protein diet consisting primarily of seafood, fowl, and game. After 1900, there was a marked decrease in charcoal making. Virtually every male resident of Bayou Puerto in 1900 was employed in the seafood industry. Only a few Blacks were still producing charcoal, probably for local consumption. Slavery Slavery in the Bayou Puerto area was almost nil, as most of the inhabitants existed at the subsistence level. Civil War No Union incursions occurred in the Bayou Puerto section, nor are there any records of Federal occupation here during the Civil War. Some of the men left the safety and seclusion of their homes to fight for the Confederate States of America. Millionaires' playground An event which permanently changed the history and culture of Bayou-Puerto and St. Martin occurred as a result of the land boom of the mid-1920s. A group of investors from Chicago and New York enamored with the natural beauty, temperate climate, and proximity via rail to the "snow birds" of the Midwest, chose an area in eastern St. Martin along and at the mouth of Old Fort Bayou and Bayou Puerto, to build a winter resort. It was called "Gulf Hills" because small tributaries and intermittent streams flowing into Old Fort Bayou and Bayou Puerto have dissected the topography in the area. Harvey W. Braniger (1875–1953), a native of Morning Sun, Iowa, and developer of Ivanhoe at Chicago, is generally considered the founder of Gulf Hills. A charter of incorporation was issued for Gulf Hills by the state of Mississippi on September 15, 1925. The Chicago developers envisioned selling homesites to wealthy northerners who would come to escape winter's cold blasts, then peacefully retire here. The Branigars hosted a gala with the early January 1927 opening of Gulf Hills on the No. 1 tee. Billed as the golf city of the Gulf Coast, Gulf Hills covered , with 249 of them dedicated as fairways, parks, playgrounds and waterways. Of the of narrow roadways, four of them were waterfront and seven were on the golf course. The Depression put the skids to the program. By the end of World War II, there were only 40 homes. By the 1950s, homes were being built again in Gulf Hills. Activity heightened in the 1960s and continued into the 1980s. The Gulf Hills Inn was revitalized by renaming it Gulf Hills Dude Ranch and creating a western atmosphere. Gulf Hills became a popular place with nationwide recognition. Stars like Judy Garland, Elvis Presley and honeymooning Mary Ann Mobley and Gary Collins adopted the resort as a retreat. Until the 1970s, Mafia bosses would annually gather for business and pleasure. They were so unobtrusive and looked like other golfing businessmen that few people realized they were there. Presently most people live in Gulf Hills year round, and a diverse group now occupies this once resort community. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 8,526 people, 3,072 households, and 2,218 families residing in the CDP. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 5,900 people, 2,199 households, and 1,662 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 778.7 people per square mile (300.5/km2). There were 2,436 housing units at an average density of 321.5/sq mi (124.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 81.64% White, 10.61% African American, 0.19% Native American, 5.83% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.47% from other races, and 1.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.02% of the population. There were 2,199 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.04. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,250, and the median income for a family was $54,418. Males had a median income of $34,243 versus $23,377 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,759. About 4.7% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over. Public safety Fire department The Northwest Jackson County Fire Department provides fire protection for the community. Law enforcement The Jackson County Sheriff's Office provides law enforcement services for the community. Education Gulf Hills is served by the Jackson County School District. Students in Gulf Hills attend schools in St. Martin. Elementary schools St. Martin North Elementary St. Martin East Elementary St. Martin Upper Elementary Middle schools St. Martin Middle School High schools St. Martin High School References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20Park%20Estates%2C%20Mississippi

Gulf Park Estates, Mississippi

Gulf Park Estates is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located south of Ocean Springs in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,719 at the 2010 census, up from 4,272 at the 2000 census. Geography Gulf Park Estates is located in southwestern Jackson County at (30.376932, -88.760579). It is west of Pascagoula, the county seat, and east of Biloxi. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 4.78%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,972 people, 2,145 households, and 1,607 families residing in the CDP. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 4,272 people, 1,537 households, and 1,188 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,610.1 people per square mile (622.4/km2). There were 1,624 housing units at an average density of 612.1/sq mi (236.6/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.90% White, 3.60% African American, 0.37% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 1.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.29% of the population. There were 1,537 households, out of which 44.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.14. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 36.4% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,647, and the median income for a family was $49,211. Males had a median income of $32,138 versus $26,503 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,978. About 6.0% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over. Education Gulf Park Estates is served by the Ocean Springs School District. Elementary schools (grades PreK-3) Magnolia Park Elementary School Upper elementary schools (grades 4-6) Ocean Springs Upper Elementary Middle schools (grades 7-8) Ocean Springs Middle School High schools (grades 9-12) Ocean Springs High School References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122317

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena%2C%20Mississippi

Helena, Mississippi

Helena is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Moss Point Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,184 at the 2010 census, up from 778 at the 2000 census. History A post office operated under the name Helena from 1910 to 1924. Geography Helena is in eastern Jackson County, east of Escatawpa and north of Moss Point. Interstate 10 passes south of the community, and Pascagoula, the county seat, is to the southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Helena CDP has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 778 people, 266 households, and 222 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 385.3 people per square mile (148.7/km2). There were 280 housing units at an average density of 138.7/sq mi (53.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.83% White, 5.14% African American, 0.39% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population. There were 266 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.9% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.5% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.21. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,302, and the median income for a family was $36,302. Males had a median income of $31,588 versus $18,173 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,346. About 6.2% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over. Education Helena is served by the Moss Point School District, and students attend schools in Moss Point, Mississippi. Schools Moss Point High School Magnolia Middle School Escatawpa Upper Elementary School (grades 3-5) Kreole Primary School (grades K-2) References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122318

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickory%20Hills%2C%20Mississippi

Hickory Hills, Mississippi

Hickory Hill is a neighborhood in the city of Gautier in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. Prior to 2010 it was an unincorporated area and recorded as a census-designated place, with a population of 3,046 at the 2000 census. At the 2010 census its population was included in the data for the city of Gautier. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. Geography Hickory Hills is located in the northern part of the city of Gautier at (30.454907, -88.640579), north of Interstate 10, with access from Exit 61. It is by road north of the center of Gautier, northwest of Pascagoula, the county seat, and northeast of Biloxi. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 3,046 people, 1,085 households, and 848 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 567.4 people per square mile (219.0/km2). There were 1,263 housing units at an average density of 235.3/sq mi (90.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.11% White, 14.31% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.82% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.50% of the population. There were 1,085 households, out of which 40.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.12. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $44,479, and the median income for a family was $49,719. Males had a median income of $35,385 versus $25,733 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,714. About 12.9% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. Education Hickory Hills is served by the Pascagoula-Gautier School District. It includes one elementary school, one middle school, and one high school. Students in Hickory Hills attend schools in Gautier. Elementary school Martin Bluff Elementary School Middle school Gautier Middle School High school Gautier High School References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122319

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurley%2C%20Mississippi

Hurley, Mississippi

Hurley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,551 at the 2010 census, up from 985 at the 2000 census. Geography Hurley is located in northeastern Jackson County at (30.663293, -88.499558). Mississippi Highway 613 passes through the center of town, leading north to Lucedale and south to Pascagoula, the Jackson county seat. Mississippi Highway 614 forms the southern edge of Hurley, leading west to Wade and east to the Alabama border. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Hurley CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.30%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,557 people, 507 households, and 362 families residing in the CDP. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 985 people, 331 households, and 278 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 191.2 people per square mile (73.8/km2). There were 348 housing units at an average density of 67.6/sq mi (26.1/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.36% White, 0.91% African American, 0.51% Asian, and 1.22% from two or more races. There were 331 households, out of which 43.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.5% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.0% were non-families. 13.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.27. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $46,042, and the median income for a family was $50,909. Males had a median income of $51,136 versus $20,326 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,761. About 6.2% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over. Public safety Fire department The North East Jackson County Fire Department provides fire protection for the community. Law enforcement The Jackson County Sheriff's Office provides law enforcement services for the community. Education Hurley is served by the Jackson County School District. It includes two elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. Elementary schools East Central Lower Elementary School East Central Upper Elementary School Middle school East Central Middle School High school East Central High School, the 2017/2018 South State Football Champions References External links Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122320

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latimer%2C%20Mississippi

Latimer, Mississippi

Latimer is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 6,079 at the 2010 census, up from 4,288 at the 2000 census. Geography Latimer is in western Jackson County, bordered to the west by D'Iberville in Harrison County and to the south by St. Martin. Interstate 10 forms the southern boundary of the community, with access from Exit 50. Latimer is north of Biloxi and northwest of Pascagoula, the Jackson county seat. The northern, less-populated half of the Latimer CDP lies within De Soto National Forest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.01%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,720 people, 2,561 households, and 1,798 families residing in the CDP. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 4,288 people, 1,468 households, and 1,174 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 264.5 people per square mile (102.1/km2). There were 1,538 housing units at an average density of 94.9/sq mi (36.6/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.47% White, 2.12% African American, 0.61% Native American, 1.52% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% of the population. There were 1,468 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.2% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.23. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $43,146, and the median income for a family was $47,215. Males had a median income of $29,492 versus $22,164 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,551. About 5.6% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over. Education Latimer is served by the Jackson County School District. It includes three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. Students in Latimer attend schools in St. Martin, Mississippi. Elementary schools St. Martin North Elementary St. Martin East Elementary St. Martin Upper Elementary Middle school St. Martin Middle School High school St. Martin High School References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122321

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss%20Point%2C%20Mississippi

Moss Point, Mississippi

Moss Point is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 13,704 at the 2010 census, down from 17,653 at the 2000 census. History On August 29, 2005, Moss Point was hit by the strong east side of Hurricane Katrina, and much of the city was flooded or destroyed (see details below). Moss Point is home to Trent Lott International Airport and the Mississippi Export Railroad. Geography Moss Point is in southeastern Jackson County, on the east side of the Pascagoula River. It is bordered to the south by the city of Pascagoula, the county seat, and to the north by unincorporated Escatawpa. The Escatawpa River flows east–west through the city into the Pascagoula River. U.S. Route 90 forms the southeast boundary of Moss Point, leading southwest into Pascagoula and northeast to Interstate 10, which runs through the northern part of the Moss Point city limits. I-10 leads west to the Biloxi area and northeast to Mobile, Alabama. Mississippi Highways 63 and 613 (Main Street) are north–south roads through Moss Point. Highway 63 leads south to US-90 and north to Lucedale, while Highway 613 leads south to the center of Pascagoula and north to Escatawpa. Moss Point has a total area of , of which are land and , or 9.11%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,147 people, 5,102 households, and 3,263 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 17,653 people, 6,714 households, and 5,228 families residing in the city. The population density was 634.0 people per square mile (344.8/km). There were 6,237 housing units at an average density of 249.4 per square mile (96.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 28.04% White, 70.56% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.00% of the population. There were 5,714 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 23.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,075, and the median income for a family was $37,712. Males had a median income of $31,126 versus $20,550 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,537. About 15.8% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age 65 or over. Education The city is served by the Moss Point School District. Hurricane Katrina On August 29, 2005, Moss Point was hit by the strong eastern side of Hurricane Katrina, when it passed east of central New Orleans with minimal gale-force winds. However, on the east side of Hurricane Katrina, much of Moss Point was flooded or destroyed in one day, by the strong hurricane-force winds which lasted several hours and a storm surge exceeding in some sections. Sister city In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Burlington, Vermont, became the sister city of Moss Point and provided much-needed aid to the city. Notable people Jeramey Anderson, State Representative Mississippi's 110'th House District Verlon Biggs, NFL football player, Hall of Famer, and former defensive end for the Washington Redskins from 1965 to 1971 and the New York Jets from 1971 to 1980 Damarius Bilbo, NFL football player and sports agent, graduated from Moss Point High School in 2001 Devin Booker, NBA basketball player Melvin Booker, graduated from Moss Point High School in 1990, former NBA basketball player, father of Devin Booker John Brock, CEO of Coca-Cola Enterprises (graduated from Moss Point High School in 1967) Ray Costict, former linebacker for the New England Patriots from 1977 to 1979 Ken Farragut, NFL and Ole Miss Hall of Fame football player Silky Nutmeg Ganache, contestant on season 11 of RuPaul's Drag Race Eddie Glaude, Professor of Religion and African American Studies at Princeton University Don Hultz, NFL football player Alcender Jackson, NFL football player Tom Johnson, NFL defensive tackle for the Minnesota Vikings Robert C. Khayat, Chancellor of the University of Mississippi David Thomas Roberts, composer and musician Toni Seawright, 1982 Graduate of Moss Point High; Made history as the first African American to win Miss Mississippi in 1987 (4th Runner-up Miss America 1988) Tony Sipp, Major League Baseball player George Wonsley, NFL football player Nathan Wonsley, NFL football player See also L.N. Dantzler Lumber Company Notes External links City of Moss Point official website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jackson County, Mississippi Cities in Pascagoula metropolitan area

122322

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20Springs%2C%20Mississippi

Ocean Springs, Mississippi

Ocean Springs is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States, approximately east of Biloxi and west of Gautier. It is part of the Pascagoula, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 17,225 at the 2000 U.S. Census. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city of Ocean Springs had a population of 17,442. The town has a reputation as an arts community. The town was voted as a top 10 Happiest Seaside Town by Coastal Living in 2015. Its historic and secluded down town area, with streets lined by live oak trees, is home to several art galleries and shops. It is also home to a number of ethnic restaurants relatively uncommon in surrounding communities. Ocean Springs was the home town of the late Walter Inglis Anderson, a nationally renowned painter and muralist who died in 1965 from lung cancer. The town plays host to several festivals, including its Peter Anderson Festival and The Herb Festival. Ocean Springs was severely damaged on August 29, 2005, by Hurricane Katrina, which destroyed many buildings along the shoreline, including the Ocean Springs Yacht Club, and the wooden replica of Fort Maurepas, and gutted or flooded other buildings. Katrina's storm surge also destroyed the Biloxi Bay Bridge, which connected Biloxi to Ocean Springs. History The settlement of Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi, in colonial French Louisiana (New France), began in April 1699 at present-day Ocean Springs, under the authority of King Louis XIV, as Fort Maurepas by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville. It was the first permanent French outpost in French Louisiana and was established as a foothold to prevent Spanish encroachment on France's colonial claims. The site was maintained well into the early 18th century. The name Ocean Springs was coined by Dr. William Glover Austin in 1854. He believed the local springs had healing qualities. Ocean Springs became a prosperous resort town and after several years reinvented itself as a historically-oriented residential community. The history of the town is celebrated annually in re enactments depicting d'Iberville's landing near a replica of Fort Maurepas. The authorities had authorized John Egan to construct and operate a public wharf near this ancient fort site at the foot of Jackson Avenue prior to the Civil War. From colonial times to present day, seafood has been celebrated. The abundance of seafood allowed French and French-Canadian explorers and settlers to thrive within the Fort Maurepas/Old Biloxi area. In the late nineteenth century, the development of ice plant industries along the coast increased seafood sales. Locals and tourists can still purchase freshly harvested shrimp, fish, crabs, and oysters to this day because of this thriving industry. Ocean Springs was in the international spotlight following Hurricane Katrina's landfall on August 29, 2005. The city, part of the Mississippi Gulf Coast directly hit by the storm, sustained significant damage. The Biloxi-Ocean Springs bridge, part of Highway 90 along the beach, was destroyed and was a widely broadcast visual testament to the hurricane's impact. Biloxi Bay Bridge Hurricane Katrina's storm surge destroyed the Biloxi Bay Bridge on August 29, 2005, which connected Biloxi to Ocean Springs. The bridge was completed in 1962, and damaged in 1969 by Hurricane Camille. The Biloxi Bay Bridge replaced the aging War Memorial Bridge which opened in 1930. As of 2007, the majority of the bridge's remains have been removed via cranes based on barges located next to the bridge debris. The bridge ruins, capturing the breathtaking results of the force of Hurricane Katrina, had become a popular spot of photographers both professional and amateur. The construction for the new bridge was completed in April 2008. The new Biloxi Bay Bridge is 95' in height at its main span, and supports six lanes of traffic. Two lanes of the six-lane bridge opened November 1, 2007. The new bridge has a curving roadway due to the implemented design-build process. In order to speed the process of rebuilding, the main body of the bridge was moved outside of the previous bridge's debris area. The landing points for each side of U.S. Route 90 correspond with the previous bridge. Geography and climate According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (23.57%) is water. The city is classified as having a subtropical climate. This has a hot, humid monsoon season, beginning in late spring and ending in early autumn, with frequent afternoon and evening thunderstorms with torrential downpours. Thunderstorms usually don't last long but can be strong or even severe. The area is also prone to tropical weather such as tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes. Autumns and springs are usually cool to warm. Winters typically are warm with cool spells. Cool spells are accompanied with strong, Northerly dry winds which are unexpectedly chilly but do not typically last more than just a couple of days. Summers are consistently hot and humid both day and night with high temperatures usually in the low nineties and low temperatures oftentimes just barely below 80 degrees. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 18,429 people, 6,639 households, and 4,423 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 census, there were 17,442 people, 6,393 households, and 4,717 families residing within the city. The population density was 1,513.5 people per square mile. There were 7,814 housing units at an average density of 678.3 per square mile. The ethnic makeup of the city was 85.4% White, 7.4% African American, 0.40% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.3% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.2% of the population. Of the 6,393 households, 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 27.1% of all households had householders living alone, and 12.5% consisted of someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.01. In the city, the population was spread out, with 5.6% under the age of 5, 6.7% from 10 to 14, 6.6% from 15 to 19, 4.8% from 20 to 24, 5.1% from 25 to 29, 11.8% from 30 to 39, 15.4% from 40 to 49, 14.8% from 50 to 59, 11.1% from 60 to 69, and 11.6% from 70 and above. The median age was 42.1 years. The median income for a household in Ocean Springs was $59,516, and the per capita income was $33,107. About 9.7% of the population was below the poverty line. Education Ocean Springs is served by the Ocean Springs School District. Elementary schools Pecan Park Elementary School Oak Park Elementary School Magnolia Park Elementary School Ocean Springs Upper Elementary Middle schools Ocean Springs Middle School High schools Ocean Springs High School Alternative schools E. H. Keys Alternative School The 3-D School, Gulf Coast Campus- A special-purpose school for children with dyslexia. Media Ocean Springs is served by the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula media market. Its primary daily newspapers is the Sun Herald. Three local television stations also serve the area: WLOX, WXVO and WXXV. Notable people James McConnell Anderson, artist Peter Anderson, artist and potter Walter Inglis Anderson, Artist Garrett Crochet, Major League Baseball player Alvin Endt, Mississippi legislator and educator Jeremy England, member of the Mississippi State Senate Ellen Gilchrist, author Raúl González, professional soccer player Jeffrey Guice, Mississippi legislator Gordon Gunter, scientist Eric L. Harry, lawyer and writer Osborne Helveston, former football player Jai Johanny Johanson, musician Brett Leland McLaughlin, Golden Globe nominated songwriter Connie Moran, former mayor of Ocean Springs Jeremiah Joseph O'Keefe, businessman, Mississippi state legislator, and mayor of Ocean Springs Laurin Pepper, football player and former Major League Baseball pitcher Luke Stewart, musician Stephen Whiting, United States Space Force lieutenant general. First commander of the Space Operations Command Al Young, educator and writer References External links Ocean Springs Chamber of Commerce Downtown Ocean Springs website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jackson County, Mississippi Cities in Pascagoula metropolitan area Populated places established in 1699 French-American culture in Mississippi Populated coastal places in Mississippi 1699 establishments in the French colonial empire

122323

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Martin%2C%20Mississippi

St. Martin, Mississippi

St. Martin is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,730 at the 2010 census, up from 6,676 at the 2000 census. Geography St. Martin is located along the Mississippi Gulf Coast at (30.441847, -88.870402). It is south of Interstate 10 and is bordered by the CDP of Gulf Hills to the east, Biloxi Bay to the south, and the city of D'Iberville to the west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 16.84%, are water. St. Martin has either Biloxi or Ocean Springs mailing addresses. The ZIP codes are either 39532 or 39564. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 7,811 people, 2,977 households, and 1,645 families residing in the CDP. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 6,676 people, 2,387 households, and 1,833 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,528.0 people per square mile (589.8/km). There were 2,534 housing units at an average density of 580.0/sq mi (223.9/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.70% White, 7.94% African American, 0.52% Native American, 6.95% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.92% of the population. There were 2,387 households, of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.17. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $41,167, and the median income for a family was $46,559. Males had a median income of $31,213 versus $22,958 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,439. About 7.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 20.7% of those age 65 or over. Public safety Fire department The Northwest Jackson County Fire Department provides fire protection for the community. Law enforcement The Jackson County Sheriff's Office provides law enforcement services for the community. Education St. Martin is served by the Jackson County School District. It includes three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school. St. Martin is also home to a branch of the Jackson-George Regional Library, located at 15004 LeMoyne Boulevard. Elementary schools St. Martin North Elementary (K-3) St. Martin East Elementary (K-3) St. Martin Upper Elementary (4-5) Middle schools St. Martin Middle School (6-8) High schools St. Martin High School (9-12) These schools have been consecutively rated as Tier 5 schools due to their excellence. References Census-designated places in Jackson County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Pascagoula metropolitan area

122324

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20Springs%2C%20Mississippi

Bay Springs, Mississippi

Bay Springs is a city in and the western county seat of Jasper County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,786 at the 2010 census, down from 2,097 at the 2000 census. State highways 15 and 18 intersect at the city. It is part of the Laurel, Mississippi (in Jones County) micropolitan area. The area was settled in the 1880s by Joe Blankenship, who built the sawmill for the yellow pine timber industry that comprised the town's industrial base. The city was incorporated about twenty years later after railroads were constructed through it. That access attracted other industry and business, and the city was designated as the second county seat. Its population has declined slightly since 2000. Geography Bay Springs is located in western Jasper County at (31.976761, -89.279574). Mississippi Highway 15 (Court Street) passes through the center of town, leading north to Newton and south to Laurel. Highway 18 (Fifth Avenue) crosses Highway 15 in the center of town and leads northeast to Rose Hill and west to Raleigh. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.42%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,670 people, 641 households, and 392 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,097 people, 793 households, and 524 families residing in the city. The population density was 142.0/km2 (54.8/mi2). There were 880 housing units at an average density of 59.6 km2 (23.0/mi2). The racial makeup of the city was 50.02% White, 49.64% African American, 0.05% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population. There were 793 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 20.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.13. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $22,895, and the median income for a family was $30,938. Males had a median income of $31,806 versus $19,091 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,199. About 26.0% of families and 28.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 33.1% of those age 65 or over. Economics Bay Springs was the site of one of six Sunbeam plants in Mississippi. When Albert J. Dunlap downsized the company and closed the plant, 300 people lost their jobs. The last workers left the plant at the same time that Dunlap was negotiating a new contract for himself, worth over $46 million. The average annual salary at the Bay Springs plant had been less than $25,000. More recently, the Hol-Mac Corporation has located light industrial/manufacturing facilities in and around the Bay Springs area. One of the county's largest employers, this developing corporation has partnered with nearby Jones County Junior College with regard to job training and continues to expand employment opportunities in the local community. Hol-Mac operates facilities in the town of Bay Springs and north of town in designated industrial areas between Bay Springs and the town of Louin. As of 2015, it has three main manufacturing facilities in the area, as well as additional office/HR support facilities. Georgia-Pacific Corporation has long had facilities to handle lumber and timber processing in the Bay Springs area. The city has a county courthouse, as it is the second county seat in Jasper County. Originally there were limited roads from east to west across the county, and the two seats served local people. Education Bay Springs is served by the West Jasper School District. The city also has a private school, Sylva-Bay Academy. Notable people Jesse L. Brown, first African-American aviator in the U.S., attended Bay Springs High School in 1940 Carolyn Jones-Young, former professional basketball player Haskins Montgomery, member of the Mississippi Senate Cody Prewitt, former National Football League player Johnny Stringer, former member of the Mississippi House of Representatives Johnny Thomas, head football coach of Alcorn State University from 1998 to 2007 Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bay Springs has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. References External links City of Bay Springs official website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jasper County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Laurel micropolitan area

122325

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louin%2C%20Mississippi

Louin, Mississippi

Louin is a town in Jasper County, Mississippi, United States, located along Mississippi Highway 15. The population was 277 at the 2010 census, down from 339 at the 2000 census. Geography Louin is located in northwestern Jasper County at (32.072112, -89.257890). Highway 15 leads south to Bay Springs, the western seat of Jasper County. Highway 15 leads northeast to Montrose. According to the United States Census Bureau, Louin has a total area of , of which , or 0.28%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 339 people, 137 households, and 93 families residing in the town. The population density was 55.8 people per square mile (21.6/km2). There were 164 housing units at an average density of 27.0 per square mile (10.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 68.73% White, 29.79% African American, and 1.47% from two or more races. There were 137 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.05. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $29,583, and the median income for a family was $40,750. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $21,477 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,586. About 16.7% of families and 24.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.8% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. Education Louin is served by the West Jasper School District. Notable person Murriel Page, former Women's National Basketball Association player References Towns in Jasper County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Towns in Laurel micropolitan area

122326

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%2C%20Mississippi

Montrose, Mississippi

Montrose is a town in Jasper County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 140 at the 2010 census. Geography Montrose is located in northwestern Jasper County at (32.124254, -89.235657), in the southeastern corner of Bienville National Forest. Mississippi Highway 15 passes through the town, leading southwest to Bay Springs, the county seat, and northeast to Newton. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 127 people, 51 households, and 37 families residing in the town. The population density was 46.7 people per square mile (18.0/km). There were 73 housing units at an average density of 26.8 per square mile (10.4/km). The racial makeup of the town was 86.61% White, 12.60% African American and 0.79% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.36% of the population. There were 51 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.8% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.97. In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $29,792, and the median income for a family was $36,667. Males had a median income of $26,484 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,016. There were 11.5% of families and 11.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 9.8% of under eighteens and 17.6% of those over 64. Education Montrose is served by the West Jasper School District. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Montrose has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. References Towns in Jasper County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Towns in Laurel micropolitan area

122327

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette%2C%20Mississippi

Fayette, Mississippi

Fayette is a city in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,614 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jefferson County. Geography Fayette is located at (31.711144, -91.062246). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. History In 1879, the Jesse James gang, based in Missouri, raided southwest Mississippi, robbing a store each in Washington and Fayette. The outlaws absconded with $2,000 cash in the second robbery and took shelter in abandoned cabins on the Kemp Plantation south of St. Joseph, Louisiana. A posse attacked and killed two of the outlaws but failed to capture the entire gang. Jesse James and most of his gang succeeded in returning to Missouri. He was killed three years later in 1882 at his house in St. Joseph in northwestern Missouri. In 1890, the white Democrat-controlled Mississippi legislature passed a new constitution, which effectively disenfranchised most black people in the state, crippling their integration into society and the Republican Party of the time. After Congressional passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, black people began to register and vote again. Charles Evers was elected as mayor in 1969 by the people of Fayette; he was the first African-American mayor elected in post-Reconstruction Mississippi. He beat the white incumbent R.G. Allen by 386–225. Evers was an activist and the brother of slain civil rights leader Medgar Evers, head of the Mississippi chapter of the NAACP when he was assassinated in 1963. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,445 people, 510 households, and 291 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,242 people, 775 households, and 543 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,903.3 people per square mile (733.6/km2). There were 843 housing units at an average density of 715.6 per square mile (275.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.37% African American, 1.92% White, 0.09% Native American, 0.22% Asian, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population. There were 775 households, out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.4% were married couples living together, 40.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.46. In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.2% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $13,564, and the median income for a family was $16,875. Males had a median income of $20,500 versus $17,011 for females. The per capita income for the city was $8,101. About 44.4% of families and 48.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 58.8% of those under age 18 and 38.2% of those age 65 or over. Education The City of Fayette is served by the Jefferson County School District. Notable people Albert Clark, Negro league outfielder Charles Evers - first post-Reconstruction African-American mayor in Mississippi Thomas M. Green Jr., member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1802 to 1803. Built Springfield Plantation in Fayette. Dudley Guice Jr., former National Football League wide receiver Alvin Hall, former defensive back for the Los Angeles Rams Richard H. Truly - Eighth NASA administrator Thomas M. Wade - Louisiana politician and educator, was born in 1860 at Point Prospect Plantation near Fayette. References External links Official webpage for the Town of Fayette Official webpage for Jefferson County Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jefferson County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122328

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassfield%2C%20Mississippi

Bassfield, Mississippi

Bassfield is a town in Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 254 at the 2010 census, down from 315 at the 2000 census. As of 2017, the estimated population was 216. Geography Bassfield is located in southeastern Jefferson Davis County at (31.497090, -89.746008). Mississippi Highway 42 passes through the town, leading northwest to Prentiss, the county seat, and southeast to Sumrall. Mississippi Highway 35 passes through the west side of Bassfield, leading north to Mount Olive and south to Columbia. According to the United States Census Bureau, Bassfield has a total area of , all land. 2020 tornadoes On April 12th, 2020, at approximately 4:15 CDT, Bassfield was struck by a large, violent EF4 tornado, causing catastrophic damage. The town just barely avoided being hit again when a large EF3 tornado passed just north of the city only 35 minutes later. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 315 people, 124 households, and 76 families residing in the town. The population density was 290.4 people per square mile (112.6/km2). There were 144 housing units at an average density of 132.8 per square mile (51.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 64.13% White, 35.56% African American and 0.32% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.27% of the population. There were 124 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.08. In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.3% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 28.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 71.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.6 males. The median income for a household in the town was $18,500, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $17,292 versus $14,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,283. About 22.7% of families and 25.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.1% of those under age 18 and 34.8% of those age 65 or over. Education Bassfield is served by the Jefferson Davis County School District. The school district was taken over by the state of Mississippi due to low graduation rates and mismanaged finances. Notable residents Cornell Armstrong, professional football player A. J. Moore, professional football player C. J. Moore, professional football player Wilbur Myers, former defensive back for the Denver Broncos Ronnie Shows, U.S. congressman (1999–2003) Gallery References Towns in Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122329

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-body%20experience

Out-of-body experience

An out-of-body experience (OBE or sometimes OOBE) is a phenomenon in which a person perceives the world from a location outside their physical body. An OBE is a form of autoscopy (literally "seeing self"), although this term is more commonly used to refer to the pathological condition of seeing a second self, or doppelgänger. The term out-of-body experience was introduced in 1943 by G. N. M. Tyrrell in his book Apparitions, and was adopted by researchers such as Celia Green, and Robert Monroe, as an alternative to belief-centric labels such as "astral projection" or "spirit walking". OBEs can be induced by traumatic brain injuries, sensory deprivation, near-death experiences, dissociative and psychedelic drugs, dehydration, sleep disorders, dreaming, and electrical stimulation of the brain, among other causes. It can also be deliberately induced by some. One in ten people has an OBE once, or more commonly, several times in their life. Psychologists and neuroscientists regard OBEs as dissociative experiences occurring along different psychological and neurological factors. Spontaneous OBEs During/near sleep Those experiencing OBEs sometimes report (among other types of immediate and spontaneous experience) a preceding and initiating lucid-dream state. In many cases, people who claim to have had an OBE report being on the verge of sleep, or being already asleep shortly before the experience. A large percentage of these cases refer to situations where the sleep was not particularly deep (due to illness, noises in other rooms, emotional stress, exhaustion from overworking, frequent re-awakening, etc.). In most of these cases subjects perceive themselves as being awake; about half of them note a feeling of sleep paralysis. Near-death experiences Another form of spontaneous OBE is the near-death experience (NDE). Some subjects report had an OBE at times of severe physical trauma such as near-drownings or major surgery. Near-death experiences may include subjective impressions of being outside the physical body, sometimes visions of deceased relatives and religious figures, and transcendence of ego and spatiotemporal boundaries. Typically the experience includes such factors as: a sense of being dead; a feeling of peace and painlessness; hearing of various non-physical sounds, an out-of-body experience; a tunnel experience (the sense of moving up or through a narrow passageway); encountering "beings of light" and a God-like figure or similar entities; being given a "life review", and a reluctance to return to life. Resulting from extreme physical effort Along the same lines as an NDE, extreme physical effort during activities such as high-altitude climbing and marathon running can induce OBEs. A sense of bilocation may be experienced, with both ground and air-based perspectives being experienced simultaneously. Induced OBEs Chemical OBEs can be induced by hallucinogens (particularly dissociatives) such as psilocybin, ketamine, DMT, MDA, and LSD. Mental induction Falling asleep physically without losing awareness. The "Mind Awake, Body Asleep" state is widely suggested as a cause of OBEs, voluntary and otherwise. Thomas Edison used this state to tackle problems while working on his inventions. He would rest a silver dollar on his head while sitting with a metal bucket in a chair. As he drifted off, the coin would noisily fall into the bucket, restoring some of his alertness. OBE pioneer Sylvan Muldoon more simply used a forearm held perpendicular in bed as the falling object. Salvador Dalí was said to use a similar "paranoiac-critical" method to gain odd visions which inspired his paintings. Deliberately teetering between awake and asleep states is known to cause spontaneous trance episodes at the onset of sleep which are ultimately helpful when attempting to induce an OBE. By moving deeper and deeper into relaxation, one eventually encounters a "slipping" feeling if the mind is still alert. This slipping is reported to feel like leaving the physical body. Some consider progressive muscle relaxation as an active form of sensory deprivation. Deep trance, meditation and visualization. The types of visualizations vary; some common analogies include climbing a rope to "pull out" of one's body, floating out of one's body, getting shot out of a cannon, and other similar approaches. This technique is considered hard to use for people who cannot properly relax. One example of such a technique is the popular Golden Dawn "Body of Light" Technique. Mechanical induction Brainwave synchronization via audio/visual stimulation. Binaural beats can be used to induce specific brainwave frequencies, notably those predominant in various mind awake/body asleep states. Binaural induction of a "body asleep" 4 Hertz brainwave frequency was observed as effective by the Monroe Institute, and some authors consider binaural beats to be significantly supportive of OBE initiation when used in conjunction with other techniques. Simultaneous introduction of "mind awake" beta frequencies (detectable in the brains of normal, relaxed awakened individuals) was also observed as constructive. Another popular technology uses sinusoidal wave pulses to achieve similar results, and the drumming accompanying Native American religious ceremonies is also believed to have heightened receptivity to "other worlds" through brainwave entrainment mechanisms. Direct stimulation of the vestibular cortex. Electrical stimulation of the brain, particularly the temporoparietal junction (see Blanke study below). Sensory deprivation. This approach aims to induce intense disorientation by removal of space and time references. Flotation tanks or pink noise played through headphones are often employed for this purpose. Sensory overload, the opposite of sensory deprivation. The subject can for instance be rocked for a long time in a specially designed cradle, or submitted to light forms of torture, to cause the brain to shut itself off from all sensory input. Both conditions tend to cause confusion and this disorientation often permits the subject to experience vivid, ethereal out-of-body experiences. Strong g-forces that causes blood to drain from parts of the brain, as experienced for example in high-performance aircraft or high-G training for pilots and astronauts. An apparatus that uses a head-mounted display and a touch that confuses the sense of proprioception (and which can also create the sensation of additional limbs). OBE theories Psychological In the fields of cognitive science and psychology OBEs are considered dissociative experiences arising from different psychological and neurological factors. Scientists consider the OBE to be an experience from a mental state, like a dream or an altered state of consciousness without recourse to the paranormal. Charles Richet (1887) held that OBEs are created by the subject's memory and imagination processes and are no different from dreams. James H. Hyslop (1912) wrote that OBEs occur when the activity of the subconscious mind dramatizes certain images to give the impression the subject is in a different physical location. Eugéne Osty (1930) considered OBEs to be nothing more than the product of imagination. Other early researchers (such as Schmeing, 1938) supported psychophysiological theories. G. N. M. Tyrrell interpreted OBEs as hallucinatory constructs relating to subconscious levels of personality. Donovan Rawcliffe (1959) connected the OBE experience with psychosis and hysteria. Other researchers have discussed the phenomena of the OBE in terms of a distortion of the body image (Horowitz, 1970) and depersonalization (Whitlock, 1978). The psychologists Nandor Fodor (1959) and Jan Ehrenwald (1974) proposed that an OBE is a defense mechanism designed to deal with the threat of death. According to (Irin and Watt, 2007) Jan Ehrenwald had described the out-of-body experience (OBE) "as an imaginal confirmation of the quest for immortality, a delusory attempt to assure ourselves that we possess a soul that exists independently of the physical body". The psychologists Donald Hebb (1960) and Cyril Burt (1968) wrote on the psychological interpretation of the OBE involving body image and visual imagery. Graham Reed (1974) suggested that the OBE is a stress reaction to a painful situation, such as the loss of love. John Palmer (1978) wrote that the OBE is a response to a body image change causing a threat to personal identity. Carl Sagan (1977) and Barbara Honegger (1983) wrote that the OBE experience may be based on a rebirth fantasy or reliving of the birth process based on reports of tunnel-like passageways and a cord-like connection by some OBErs which they compared to an umbilical cord. Susan Blackmore (1978) came to the conclusion that the OBE is a hallucinatory fantasy as it has the characteristics of imaginary perceptions, perceptual distortions and fantasy-like perceptions of the self (such as having no body). Ronald Siegel (1980) also wrote that OBEs are hallucinatory fantasies. Harvey Irwin (1985) presented a theory of the OBE involving attentional cognitive processes and somatic sensory activity. His theory involved a cognitive personality construct known as psychological absorption and gave instances of the classification of an OBE as examples of autoscopy, depersonalization and mental dissociation. The psychophysiologist Stephen Laberge (1985) has written that the explanation for OBEs can be found in lucid dreaming. David Hufford (1989) linked the OBE experience with a phenomenon he described as a nightmare waking experience, a type of sleep paralysis. Other scientists have also linked OBEs to cases of hypnagogia and sleep paralysis (cataplexy). In case studies fantasy proneness has been shown to be higher among OBErs than those who have not had an OBE. The data has shown a link between the OBE experience in some cases to fantasy prone personality (FPP). In a case study involving 167 participants the findings revealed that those who claimed to have experienced the OBE were "more fantasy prone, higher in their belief in the paranormal and displayed greater somatoform dissociation." Research from studies has also suggested that OBEs are related to cognitive-perceptual schizotypy. Terence Hines (2003) has written that spontaneous out-of-body experiences can be generated by artificial stimulation of the brain and this strongly suggests that the OBE experience is caused from "temporary, minor brain malfunctions, not by the person's spirit (or whatever) actually leaving the body." In a study review of neurological and neurocognitive data (Bünning and Blanke, 2005) wrote that OBEs are due to "functional disintegration of lower-level multisensory processing and abnormal higher-level self-processing at the temporoparietal junction." Some scientists suspect that OBEs are the result of a mismatch between visual and tactile signals. Richard Wiseman (2011) has noted that OBE research has focused on finding a psychological explanation and "out-of-body experiences are not paranormal and do not provide evidence for the soul. Instead, they reveal something far more remarkable about the everyday workings of your brain and body." A study conducted by Jason Braithwaite and colleagues (2011) linked the OBE to "neural instabilities in the brain's temporal lobes and to errors in the body's sense of itself". Braithwaite et al. (2013) reported that the "current and dominant view is that the OBE occurs due to a temporary disruption in multi-sensory integration processes." Paranormal Writers in the fields of parapsychology and occultism have written that OBEs are not psychological, and that a soul, spirit or subtle body can detach itself out of the body and visit distant locations. Out-of-the-body experiences were known during the Victorian period in spiritualist literature as "travelling clairvoyance". In old Indian scriptures, such a state of consciousness is also referred to as Turiya, which can be achieved by deep yogic and meditative activities, during which a yogi may be liberated from the duality of mind and body, allowing them to intentionally leave the body and then return to it. The body carrying out this journey is called "Vigyan dehi" ("Scientific body"). The psychical researcher Frederic Myers referred to the OBE as a "psychical excursion". An early study that described alleged cases of OBE was the two-volume Phantasms of the Living, published in 1886 by the psychical researchers Edmund Gurney, Myers, and Frank Podmore. The book was largely criticized by the scientific community because the anecdotal reports in almost every case lacked evidential substantiation. The theosophist Arthur Powell (1927) was an early author to advocate the subtle body theory of OBEs. Sylvan Muldoon (1936) embraced the concept of an etheric body to explain the OBE experience. The psychical researcher Ernesto Bozzano (1938) had also supported a similar view describing the phenomena of the OBE experience in terms of bilocation in which an "etheric body" can release itself from the physical body in rare circumstances. The subtle body theory was also supported by occult writers such as Ralph Shirley (1938), Benjamin Walker (1977), and Douglas Baker (1979). James Baker (1954) wrote that a mental body enters an "intercosmic region" during the OBE. Robert Crookall supported the subtle body theory of OBEs in several publications. The paranormal interpretation of OBEs has not been supported by all researchers within the study of parapsychology. Gardner Murphy (1961) wrote that OBEs are "not very far from the known terrain of general psychology, which we are beginning to understand more and more without recourse to the paranormal". In the 1970s, Karlis Osis conducted many OBE experiments with the psychic Alex Tanous. In one series of these experiments, he was asked whilst in an OBE state whether he could identify coloured targets that were placed in remote locations. Osis reported that there were 114 hits in 197 trials. However, the controls for the experiments have been criticized and, according to Susan Blackmore, the final result was not particularly significant since 108 hits would have been expected by chance alone. Blackmore noted that the results provide "no evidence for accurate perception in the OBE". In April 1977, a patient from Harborview Medical Center known as Maria claimed to have experienced an out-of-body experience. During her OBE she claimed to have floated outside her body and outside the hospital. Maria later told her social worker Kimberly Clark that during the OBE she had observed a tennis shoe on the third floor window ledge to the north side of the building. Clark then went to the north wing of the building and by looking out of the window could see a tennis shoe on one of the ledges. Clark published the account in 1984. The story has since been used in many paranormal books as evidence that a spirit can leave the body. In 1996, Hayden Ebbern, Sean Mulligan and Barry Beyerstein visited the Medical Center to investigate Clark's story. They placed a tennis shoe on the same ledge and found that it was visible from within the building and could easily have been observed by a patient lying in bed. They also discovered that the tennis shoe was easy to observe from outside the building and suggested that Maria may have overheard a comment about it during her three days in the hospital and then incorporated it into her OBE. They concluded "Maria's story merely reveals the naiveté and the power of wishful thinking" from OBE researchers seeking a paranormal explanation. Clark did not publish the description of the case until seven years after it happened, casting doubt on the story. Richard Wiseman has said that although the story is not evidence for anything paranormal it has been "endlessly repeated by writers who either couldn't be bothered to check the facts, or were unwilling to present their readers with the more skeptical side of the story." Clark responded to the accusations made in a separate paper. Astral projection Astral projection is a paranormal interpretation of out-of-body experiences that assumes the existence of one or more non-physical planes of existence and an associated body beyond the physical. Commonly such planes are called astral, etheric, or spiritual. Astral projection is often experienced as the spirit or astral body leaving the physical body to travel in the spirit world or astral plane. OBE studies Early collections of OBE cases had been made by Ernesto Bozzano (Italy) and Robert Crookall (UK). Crookall approached the subject from a spiritualistic position, and collected his cases predominantly from spiritualist newspapers such as the Psychic News, which appears to have biased his results in various ways. For example, the majority of his subjects reported seeing a cord connecting the physical body and its observing counterpart; whereas Green (see below) found that less than 4% of her subjects noticed anything of this sort, and some 80% reported feeling they were a "disembodied consciousness", with no external body at all. The first extensive scientific study of OBEs was made by Celia Green (1968). She collected written, first-hand accounts from a total of 400 subjects, recruited by means of appeals in the mainstream media, and followed up by questionnaires. Her purpose was to provide a taxonomy of the different types of OBE, viewed simply as an anomalous perceptual experience or hallucination, while leaving open the question of whether some of the cases might incorporate information derived by extrasensory perception. International Academy of Consciousness - Global Survey In 1999, at the 1st International Forum of Consciousness Research in Barcelona, research-practitioners Wagner Alegretti and Nanci Trivellato presented preliminary findings of an online survey on the out-of-body experience answered by internet users interested in the subject; therefore, not a sample representative of the general population.1,007 (85%) of the first 1,185 respondents reported having had an OBE. 37% claimed to have had between two and ten OBEs. 5.5% claimed more than 100 such experiences. 45% of those who reported an OBE said they successfully induced at least one OBE by using a specific technique. 62% of participants claiming to have had an OBE also reported having enjoyed nonphysical flight; 40% reported experiencing the phenomenon of self-bilocation (i.e. seeing one's own physical body whilst outside the body); and 38% claimed having experienced self-permeability (passing through physical objects such as walls). The most commonly reported sensations experienced in connection with the OBE were falling, floating, repercussions e.g. myoclonia (the jerking of limbs, jerking awake), sinking, torpidity (numbness), intracranial sounds, tingling, clairvoyance, oscillation and serenity.Another reported common sensation related to OBE was temporary or projective catalepsy, a more common feature of sleep paralysis. The sleep paralysis and OBE correlation was later corroborated by the Out-of-Body Experience and Arousal study published in Neurology by Kevin Nelson and his colleagues from the University of Kentucky in 2007. The study discovered that people who have out-of-body experiences are more likely to suffer from sleep paralysis. Also noteworthy, is the Waterloo Unusual Sleep Experiences Questionnaire that further illustrates the correlation. Miss Z study In 1968, Charles Tart conducted an OBE experiment with a subject known as Miss Z for four nights in his sleep laboratory. The subject was attached to an EEG machine and a five-digit code was placed on a shelf above her bed. She did not claim to see the number on the first three nights but on the fourth gave the number correctly. The psychologist James Alcock criticized the experiment for inadequate controls and questioned why the subject was not visually monitored by a video camera. Martin Gardner has written the experiment was not evidence for an OBE and suggested that whilst Tart was "snoring behind the window, Miss Z simply stood up in bed, without detaching the electrodes, and peeked." Susan Blackmore wrote "If Miss Z had tried to climb up, the brain-wave record would have showed a pattern of interference. And that was exactly what it did show." Neurology and OBE-like experiences There are several possible physiological explanations for parts of the OBE. OBE-like experiences have been induced by stimulation of the brain. OBE-like experience has also been induced through stimulation of the posterior part of the right superior temporal gyrus in a patient. Positron-emission tomography was also used in this study to identify brain regions affected by this stimulation. The term OBE-like is used above because the experiences described in these experiments either lacked some of the clarity or details of normal OBEs, or were described by subjects who had never experienced an OBE before. Such subjects were therefore not qualified to make claims about the authenticity of the experimentally-induced OBE. British psychologist Susan Blackmore and others suggest that an OBE begins when a person loses contact with sensory input from the body while remaining conscious. The person retains the illusion of having a body, but that perception is no longer derived from the senses. The perceived world may resemble the world he or she generally inhabits while awake, but this perception does not come from the senses either. The vivid body and world is made by our brain's ability to create fully convincing realms, even in the absence of sensory information. This process is witnessed by each of us every night in our dreams, though OBEs are claimed to be far more vivid than even a lucid dream. Irwin pointed out that OBEs appear to occur under conditions of either very high or very low arousal. For example, Green found that three quarters of a group of 176 subjects reporting a single OBE were lying down at the time of the experience, and of these 12% considered they had been asleep when it started. By contrast, a substantial minority of her cases occurred under conditions of maximum arousal, such as a rock-climbing fall, a traffic accident, or childbirth. McCreery has suggested that this paradox may be explained by reference to the fact that sleep can supervene as a reaction to extreme stress or hyper-arousal. He proposes that OBEs under both conditions, relaxation and hyper-arousal, represent a form of "waking dream", or the intrusion of Stage 1 sleep processes into waking consciousness. Olaf Blanke studies Research by Olaf Blanke in Switzerland found that it is possible to reliably elicit experiences somewhat similar to the OBE by stimulating regions of the brain called the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ; a region where the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe of the brain come together). Blanke and his collaborators in Switzerland have explored the neural basis of OBEs by showing that they are reliably associated with lesions in the right TPJ region and that they can be reliably elicited with electrical stimulation of this region in a patient with epilepsy. These elicited experiences may include perceptions of transformations of the patient's arms and legs (complex somatosensory responses) and whole-body displacements (vestibular responses). In neurologically normal subjects, Blanke and colleagues then showed that the conscious experience of the self and body being in the same location depends on multisensory integration in the TPJ. Using event-related potentials, Blanke and colleagues showed the selective activation of the TPJ 330–400 ms after stimulus onset when healthy volunteers imagined themselves in the position and visual perspective that generally are reported by people experiencing spontaneous OBEs. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the same subjects impaired mental transformation of the participant's own body. No such effects were found with stimulation of another site or for imagined spatial transformations of external objects, suggesting the selective implication of the TPJ in mental imagery of one's own body. In a follow up study, Arzy et al. showed that the location and timing of brain activation depended on whether mental imagery is performed with mentally embodied or disembodied self location. When subjects performed mental imagery with an embodied location, there was increased activation of a region called the "extrastriate body area" (EBA), but when subjects performed mental imagery with a disembodied location, as reported in OBEs, there was increased activation in the region of the TPJ. This leads Arzy et al. to argue that "these data show that distributed brain activity at the EBA and TPJ as well as their timing are crucial for the coding of the self as embodied and as spatially situated within the human body." Blanke and colleagues thus propose that the right temporal-parietal junction is important for the sense of spatial location of the self, and that when these normal processes go awry, an OBE arises. In August 2007 Blanke's lab published research in Science demonstrating that conflicting visual-somatosensory input in virtual reality could disrupt the spatial unity between the self and the body. During multisensory conflict, participants felt as if a virtual body seen in front of them was their own body and mislocalized themselves toward the virtual body, to a position outside their bodily borders. This indicates that spatial unity and bodily self-consciousness can be studied experimentally and is based on multisensory and cognitive processing of bodily information. Ehrsson study In August 2007, Henrik Ehrsson, then at the Institute of Neurology at University College of London (now at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden), published research in Science demonstrating the first experimental method that, according to the scientist's claims in the publication, induced an out-of-body experience in healthy participants. The experiment was conducted in the following way: Both critics and the experimenter himself note that the study fell short of replicating "full-blown" OBEs. As with previous experiments which induced sensations of floating outside of the body, Ehrsson's work does not explain how a brain malfunction might cause an OBE. Essentially, Ehrsson created an illusion that fits a definition of an OBE in which "a person who is awake sees his or her body from a location outside the physical body." Awareness during Resuscitation Study In 2001, Sam Parnia and colleagues investigated out of body claims by placing figures on suspended boards facing the ceiling, not visible from the floor. Parnia wrote "anybody who claimed to have left their body and be near the ceiling during resuscitation attempts would be expected to identify those targets. If, however, such perceptions are psychological, then one would obviously not expect the targets to be identified." The philosopher Keith Augustine, who examined Parnia's study, has written that all target identification experiments have produced negative results. Psychologist Chris French wrote regarding the study "unfortunately, and somewhat atypically, none of the survivors in this sample experienced an OBE." In the autumn of 2008, 25 UK and US hospitals began participation in a study, coordinated by Sam Parnia and Southampton University known as the AWARE study (AWAreness during REsuscitation). Following on from the work of Pim van Lommel in the Netherlands, the study aims to examine near-death experiences in 1,500 cardiac arrest survivors and so determine whether people without a heartbeat or brain activity can have documentable out-of-body experiences. As part of the study Parnia and colleagues have investigated out of body claims by using hidden targets placed on shelves that could only be seen from above. Parnia has written "if no one sees the pictures, it shows these experiences are illusions or false memories". In 2014 Parnia issued a statement indicating that the first phase of the project has been completed and the results are undergoing peer review for publication in a medical journal. No subjects saw the images mounted out of sight according to Parnia's early report of the results of the study at an American Heart Association meeting in November 2013. Only two out of the 152 patients reported any visual experiences, and one of them described events that could be verified (as the other one's condition worsened before the detailed interview). The two NDEs occurred in an area where "no visual targets had been placed". On October 6, 2014, the results of the study were published in the journal Resuscitation. Less than 20% of cardiac arrest patients were able to be interviewed, as most of them died or were too sick even after successful resuscitation. Among those who reported a perception of awareness and completed further interviews, 46 per cent experienced a broad range of mental recollections in relation to death that were not compatible with the commonly used term of NDEs. These included fearful and persecutory experiences. Only 9 per cent had experiences compatible with NDEs and 2 per cent exhibited full awareness compatible with OBEs with explicit recall of 'seeing' and 'hearing' events. One case was validated and timed using auditory stimuli during cardiac arrest. According to Caroline Watt "The one 'verifiable period of conscious awareness' that Parnia was able to report did not relate to this objective test. Rather, it was a patient giving a supposedly accurate report of events during his resuscitation. He didn't identify the pictures, he described the defibrillator machine noise. But that's not very impressive since many people know what goes on in an emergency room setting from seeing recreations on television." However, it was impossible for him to describe any hidden targets, as there were none in the room where his OBE occurred, and the rest of his description was also very precise, including the description and later correct identification of a doctor who took part in his resuscitation. AWARE Study II As of May 2016, a posting at the UK Clinical Trials Gateway website describes plans for AWARE II, a two-year multicenter observational study of 900-1500 patients experiencing cardiac arrest, with subjects being recruited starting on 1 August 2014 and that the scheduled end date was 31 May 2017. The study was extended, continuing until 2020. Smith & Messier In 2014, a functional imaging study reported the case of a woman who could experience out of body experience at will. She reported developing the ability as a child and associated it with difficulties in falling sleep. Her OBEs continued into adulthood but became less frequent. She was able to see herself rotating in the air above her body, lying flat, and rolling in the horizontal plane. She reported sometimes watching herself move from above but remained aware of her unmoving "real" body. The participant reported no particular emotions linked to the experience. "[T]he brain functional changes associated with the reported extra-corporeal experience (ECE) were different than those observed in motor imagery. Activations were mainly left-sided and involved the left supplementary motor area and supramarginal and posterior superior temporal gyri, the last two overlapping with the temporal parietal junction that has been associated with out-of-body experiences. The cerebellum also showed activation that is consistent with the participant's report of the impression of movement during the ECE. There was also left middle and superior orbital frontal gyri activity, regions often associated with action monitoring." OBE training and research facilities The Monroe Institute's Nancy Penn Center is a facility specializing in or out-of-body experience induction. The Center for Higher Studies of the Consciousness in Brazil is another large OBE training facility. Olaf Blanke's Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience has become a well-known laboratory for OBE research. See also Alice in Wonderland syndrome Anomalous experiences Depersonalization-derealization disorder Isra and Mi'raj Macropsia Schizotypy Notes Further reading Blackmore, Susan. (1982). Beyond the Body: An Investigation of Out-of-the-Body Experiences. London: Heinemann. Bunning, S; Blanke, O. (2005). The out-of-body experience: precipitating factors and neural correlates. In Laureys, S. The boundaries of consciousness: Neurobiology and neuropathology. Progress in Brain Research, The Netherlands: Elsevier. 150: 331-350. Gabbard, G. O; Twemlow, A. W. (1984). With the eyes of the mind: An empirical analysis of out-of-body states. New York: Praeger Scientific. Irwin, Harvey. (1985). Flight of Mind: A Psychological Study of the Out-Of-Body Experience. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. Reed, Graham. (1988). The Psychology of Anomalous Experience: A Cognitive Approach. Prometheus Books. External links Visualized Heartbeat Can Trigger 'Out-of-Body Experience'. Association for Psychological Science. Out-of-body experience recreated. BBC News. Out of body experiences and their neural basis. Olaf Blanke. Electrodes trigger out-of-body experience. Nature. Out-of-body experience: Master of illusion. Nature. Out-of-body experiences are 'all in the mind'. New Scientist. Out-of-body experience. The Skeptic's Dictionary. Out-of-Body Experience? Your Brain Is to Blame. The New York Times. Spirituality Lucid dreams Near-death experiences Symptoms and signs of mental disorders pt:Experiência fora-do-corpo

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentiss%2C%20Mississippi

Prentiss, Mississippi

Prentiss is a town in Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi. The population was 1,081 at the 2010 census, down from 1,158 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat. Prentiss is located on the Longleaf Trace, Mississippi's first recreational rail trail. History Originally part of Lawrence County, the town was first named "Blountville", after William Blount, an early settler and merchant. Blountville High School was established in 1885 on of land. A depot was established in Blountville when the Pearl & Leaf Rivers Railroad (later Illinois Central Railroad) was completed in 1903. That same year the town was officially established and named "Prentiss", possibly after Seargent Smith Prentiss, a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives and U.S. Representative from Mississippi, or after Prentiss Webb Berry, a prominent landowner in the area. When Jefferson Davis County was created in 1906, a special election determined that Prentiss would serve as the county seat. In 1907, Jonas Edward Johnson and his wife Bertha LaBranche Johnson established the Prentiss Institute. Situated on of land, with remnants of slave quarters on the property, it was considered one of the finest schools for African Americans in Mississippi. The school at first taught only the elementary grades, and began with 40 students whose tuition was often paid with chickens, eggs and produce. A Rosenwald classroom was built on the campus in 1926, and by 1953 the "Prentiss Normal and Industrial Institute" included a high school and junior college, had 44 faculty and more than 700 students, and included 24 buildings and of farmland, pasture and forest. In 1955, Heifer International donated 15 pure-bred cows to the school with the intention that the offspring be donated to needy farm families. It is noteworthy that the school gave some of the animals to poor white families. The school closed in 1989 and was designated an official Mississippi landmark in 2002. Ralph Fults and Raymond Hamilton, members of the notorious Barrow Gang, robbed the bank in Prentiss in 1935. In 1958, Rev. H.D. Darby of Prentiss filed a federal lawsuit challenging Mississippi's rigid voting eligibility laws for African Americans; it was the first lawsuit of its kind in Mississippi. Prentiss police officer Ron Jones, Jr. was shot and killed by Cory Maye while executing a search warrant in 2001. Geography Prentiss is located in central Jefferson Davis County at . U.S. Route 84 passes north and west of the town center on a bypass; the four-lane highway leads east to Collins and west to Monticello. Mississippi Highway 13 passes through the town slightly east of the center; it leads north to Mendenhall and south to Columbia. Mississippi Highway 42 leads southeast from Prentiss to Bassfield. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 976 people, 429 households, and 289 families residing in the town. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,081 people living in the town. 60.3% were White, 37.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.5% from some other race and 0.9% of two or more races. 0.6% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,158 people, 479 households, and 323 families living in the town. The population density was 617.8 people per square mile (239.1/km). There were 537 housing units at an average density of 286.5 per square mile (110.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 79.53% White, 19.17% African American, 0.60% Native American, 0.09% Asian, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population. There were 479 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.80. In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $29,200, and the median income for a family was $38,571. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $21,806 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,486. About 17.2% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over. Arts and culture Annual events Prentiss hosts an annual "Run for the Roses 5K Run/Walk". Tourism Local attractions include: The Holloway-Polk house – the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in Jefferson Davis County. Lake Jeff Davis – a campground and picnic area southeast of Prentiss. Mt. Zion Church and Cemetery – the second-oldest African American church and cemetery in Jefferson Davis County. Spring Hill Missionary Baptist Church and Cemetery (c. 1847) – the oldest African American Baptist Church and cemetery in Jefferson Davis County. Parks and recreation In 1993, the Canadian National Railway announced it would abandon the former Illinois Central line which ran through Prentiss. This enabled the construction of the Longleaf Trace, Mississippi's first recreational rail trail, located between Prentiss and Hattiesburg. Government Detachment 2 of the 155th Brigade Combat Team of the Mississippi Army National Guard is located in Prentiss. Education Prentiss is served by the Jefferson Davis County School District. A football rivalry exists between Prentiss High School's "Bulldogs" and Columbia High School's "Wildcats". In one notable game during the 1970s the Bulldogs were winning 6-0 when Wildcats' player Walter Payton scored two touchdowns, running 95 yards for the first touchdown and 65 yards for the second. The Wildcats won 14-6. There is one private school serving K-12 students, Prentiss Christian School. Media The community is served by the Prentiss Headlight newspaper. Infrastructure Transportation Prentiss is accessed from Mississippi Highway 42, Mississippi Highway 13, and U.S. Route 84. The Prentiss-Jefferson Davis County Airport is located west of the town. Health care The Jefferson Davis Community Hospital is located in Prentiss. Notable people Thelma Farr Baxter, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1950 to 1956 Vincent Davis, judge for the Mississippi 17th Chancery Court District and former Mississippi senator Phillip Garrett, former chief of the City of Mobile Police Department Toxey Hall, professional boxer and sparring partner of Rocky Marciano; later became a Chicago police officer Al Jefferson, Indiana Pacers NBA player C. Baxter Kruger, writer and minister of Trinitarian theology Charles Magee, the first African American professor at the University of Arkansas' College of Agriculture Felecia M. Nave, chemical engineer and 20th President of Alcorn State University Clyde Otis, songwriter and record producer Garland H. Williams, organized and became the first chief of the U.S. Army's Counterintelligence Corps In popular culture Blues musician Houston Stackhouse stated that fellow musician Tommy Johnson: "was stayin' over around Prentiss, Mississippi. I believe, I don't know how long he stayed there, but that was his hangout. It was out east of Crystal Springs, back there around Prentiss and Pinola, or somewhere back in there. Big piney thickets and like that." External links Town of Prentiss official website Jefferson Davis County Economic Development References Towns in Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellisville%2C%20Mississippi

Ellisville, Mississippi

Ellisville is a town in and the first county seat of Jones County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 4,448 at the time of the 2010 census, up from 3,465 at the 2000 census. The Jones County Courthouse is located here, as is much of the county government. The state legislature authorized a second county seat at Laurel, to the northeast, which developed as the center of lumber and textile mills, with a much larger population. Ellisville is part of the Laurel micropolitan statistical area. History The town is named for Powhatan Ellis, a former U.S. senator for Mississippi who identified as a descendant of Pocahontas and her father, Chief Powhatan in Virginia. Ellisville was designated as the county seat, and it became the major commercial and population center of Jones County through the early decades of development in the nineteenth century. During the Civil War, Ellisville and Jones County were a center of pro-Union resistance. The county had mostly yeomen farmers and cattle herders, who were not slaveholders. Slaves constituted 12% of the county's population in 1860, the lowest proportion of slaves of any county in the state in 1860, as conditions generally did not support cultivation of large cotton plantations. Many local men resented going to war to support slaveholders, and worried about the survival of their families, where women and children worked to keep subsistence farms going. They resented Confederate tax collectors who took the goods and stores their families needed to live. Confederate deserters and refugee slaves formed a resistance group known as the Knight Company, led by Newton Knight, First Lieutenant Jasper Collins, and Second Lieutenant William Wesley Sumrall. They were known to take refuge in a swamp along the Leaf River. Along with as many as 100 other Southern men, they fought several skirmishes with Confederate tax men, then other Confederate units eventually sent to crush the resistance. In 1864 they took control in Ellisville, raising the United States flag over the courthouse in place of the Confederate flag. In 1919, Ellisville hosted one of the most gruesome lynchings in history, when a black man, John Hartfield was found to have a white girlfriend. A story was concocted about a rape, and Hartfield was captured by law enforcement. The Jackson Daily News ran headlines that "John Hartfield will be lynched by Ellisville mob at 5:00 this afternoon", and that a crowd of thousands was expected to attend. A crowd of around 10,000 came to watch Hartfield hanged from a tree, then shot repeatedly. When his body was cut down, pieces were cut off for souvenirs and what remained was burned. Commemorative postcards were printed. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Ellisville lost primacy to nearby Laurel, which became a center of the timber industry and cotton textile mills. Its population in the mid-20th century was nearly six times that of Ellisville. Laurel has attracted other industries and is the center of a micropolitan statistical area comprising all of Jones County and Jasper County. The Jones County Sheriff's Department is based in Laurel, but the county government is still based in Ellisville, at the Jones County Courthouse. Ellisville reflects the demographics of the county and is majority white. Laurel is majority African American in population, reflecting the migration of agricultural workers to the city for industrial and urban jobs. Geography Ellisville is located in central Jones County at (31.601068, −89.202123). U.S. Route 11 runs through the center of town, while Interstate 59 runs through the northwest side, with access from Exits 85, 88, and 90. Both highways lead northeast to Laurel and southwest to Hattiesburg. Mississippi Highway 29 crosses US-11 near the center of town, leading northwest to Soso and southeast to Runnelstown. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ellisville has a total area of , of which , or 1.01%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,652 people, 1,264 households, and 810 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 3,465 people, 1,220 households, and 795 families residing in the town. The population density was 628.9 people per square mile (242.8/km2). There were 1,380 housing units at an average density of 250.5 per square mile (96.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 67.42% White, 30.91% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population. There were 1,220 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.02. In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $23,424, and the median income for a family was $27,955. Males had a median income of $26,477 versus $22,537 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,822. About 21.1% of families and 35.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.8% of those under age 18 and 28.5% of those age 65 or over. Education Ellisville is served by the Jones County School District. South Jones High School is located in Ellisville. Their mascot is the Braves. Ellisville is also home to Jones County Junior College. Their mascot is the Bobcats. Notable people Lance Bass, pop singer and member of 'N Sync, raised in Ellisville Billy Cannon, All-American football player, 1959 Heisman Trophy winner, and 2008 inductee into the College Football Hall of Fame from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. He was one of the American Football League's most celebrated players. Attended Jones County Junior College in Ellisville. Harry Craft, MLB player and manager, first manager of the Houston Colt .45s and minor league manager of Mickey Mantle Redd Foxx, actor, comedian. Raised by his grandmother during formative years. John Hartfield, a black man from Ellisville who was lynched and dismembered for having a white girlfriend Chris McDaniel, State Senator, attorney and host of the nationally syndicated The Right Side Radio Show Luke McDaniel, also recorded under the stage name 'Jeff Daniels;' American country singer and songwriter Buddy Myer, two-time All-Star second baseman for the MLB Washington Senators in the 1930s, batting and stolen base titles Red West, actor (played "Red" in Roadhouse). He played football at Jones County Junior College in Ellisville. See also List of cities in Mississippi Free State of Jones References External links Ellisville at City-data.com Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jones County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Laurel micropolitan area U.S. Route 11

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel%2C%20Mississippi

Laurel, Mississippi

Laurel is a city in and the second county seat of Jones County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 17,161. It is located northeast of Ellisville, the first county seat, which contains the first county courthouse. Laurel has the second county courthouse as there are two judicial districts in Jones County. Laurel is the headquarters of the Jones County Sheriff's Department, which administers in the county. Laurel is the principal city of a micropolitan statistical area named for it. Major employers include Howard Industries, Sanderson Farms, Masonite International, Family Health Center, Howse Implement, Thermo-Kool, and South Central Regional Medical Center. Laurel is home to the Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Mississippi's oldest art museum, established by the family of Lauren Eastman Rogers. History Following the 1881 construction of the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad through the area, economic development occurred rapidly. The city of Laurel was incorporated in 1882, with timber as the impetus. Yellow pine forests in the region fueled the industry. The city was named for thickets of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) which were native to the original town site. Located in the heart of the piney woods ecoregion of the southeastern United States, the land site that would eventually become Laurel was densely covered with forests of virgin longleaf pine, making the area an attractive one to pioneering lumberjacks and sawmill operators in the late 19th century. In 1881, business partners John Kamper and A.M. Lewin constructed a small lumber mill on the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad. Kamper and Lewin's mill was located in an area that would later become Laurel's First Avenue. The following year, in response to a U.S. Postal Service request to provide a postal delivery name for their mill and its surrounding lumber camp, Kamper and Lewin submitted the name "Lawrell" as an homage to the area's naturally-growing mountain laurel bushes. The peculiar spelling, however, was soon "corrected" by federal postal officials, giving the future town its current spelling. During its first decade or so, Laurel existed as little more than a glorified lumber camp surrounding Kamper and Lewin's primitive sawmill. By 1891, Kamper's company was on the verge of bankruptcy, leading Kamper to sell the mill and extensive land holdings in the area (more than 15,000 acres), to Clinton, Iowa, lumber barons Lauren Chase Eastman and George and Silas Gardiner, founders of the Eastman-Gardiner Company. After completing the purchase, Eastman and the Gardiner brothers decided to make substantial improvements to their Laurel lumber operations by constructing a new and much larger, state-of-the-art lumber mill. In 1893, the new Eastman-Gardiner Company mill began operations, using the best technology and labor-saving devices of the day. By the early 1900s, the success of Eastman-Gardner Company's operations in Laurel and the region's superabundance of timber began to attract the attention of other lumber industrialists. In 1906, the Gilchrist-Fordney Company, whose founders hailed from Alpena, Michigan, began construction on their own lumber mill in Laurel. The Wausau-Southern mill from Wausau, Wisconsin, followed in 1911, and the Marathon mill from Memphis, Tennessee, in 1914. By the end of World War I, Laurel's mills were producing and shipping more yellow pine lumber than those of any other location in the entire world. By the 1920s—the peak of Laurel's lumber production—the area's four mills were producing a total of one million board feet of lumber per day. Laid end to end, that amount of lumber would stretch 189 miles. The economic prosperity of Laurel's timber era (1893–1937) and "timber families" created the famed Laurel Central Historic District as a byproduct. The area is considered the largest, finest, and most intact collection of the early 20th century architecture in Mississippi and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 4, 1987, for both its historical value and for its wide variety of architectural styles. Many of the homes and buildings of the district are featured on the current HGTV series Home Town. In addition to influencing a diverse architectural district, the "timber families" of Laurel influenced the building of the town's broad avenues, the design of numerous public parks, and the development of strong public schools. The city's population grew markedly during the early 20th century because rural people were attracted to manufacturing jobs and the economic takeoff of Masonite International. Mechanization of agriculture reduced the number of farming jobs. In 1942, Howard Wash, a 45-year-old African-American man who had been convicted of murder, was dragged from jail and lynched by a mob. The city reached its peak census population in 1960, and has declined about one third since then. Geography Laurel is in north-central Jones County, northeast of Ellisville, the first county seat. Interstate 59 and U.S. Route 11 pass through Laurel, both highways leading southwest to Hattiesburg and northeast to Meridian. U.S. Route 84 passes through the south side of the city, leading east to Waynesboro and west to Collins. Mississippi Highway 15 passes through the south and west sides of the city, leading northwest to Bay Springs and southeast to Richton. According to the United States Census Bureau, Laurel has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.81%, are water. The city lies on a low ridge between Tallahala Creek to the east and Tallahoma Creek to the west. Tallahoma Creek joins Tallahala Creek south of Laurel, and Tallahala Creek continues south to join the Leaf River, part of the Pascagoula River watershed. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Laurel has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The area is also prone to tornadoes. On December 28, 1954, an F3 tornado tore directly through the city, injuring 25 people. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 17,161 people, 6,825 households, and 4,278 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 census, Laurel had a population of 18,540. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 61.3% African-American, 29.8% non-Hispanic white, 7.7% Hispanic or Latino, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Native American, and 1.0% reporting two or more races. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 18,393 people, 6,925 households, and 4,542 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,192.3 people per square mile (460.2/km2). There were 7,804 housing units at an average density of 505.9 per square mile (195.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55.08% African American, 40.64% White, 0.33% Asian, 0.11% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 3.17% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.87% of the population. There were 6,925 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61, and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $25,988, and the median income for a family was $30,185. Males had a median income of $27,077 versus $17,336 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,561. 28.9% of the population and 21.4% of families were below the poverty line. 37.5% of those under the age of 18 and 19.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Government City government consists of a mayor-council form. The mayor is elected at-large. Council members are elected from single-member districts. City officials Johnny Magee – Mayor Jason Capers – Ward 1 Councilman Kevin Kelly – Ward 2 Councilman Tony Thaxton – Ward 3 Councilman George Carmichael – Ward 4 Councilman Andrea Ellis – Ward 5 Councilwoman Grace Amos – Ward 6 Councilwoman Shirley Keys-Jordan – Ward 7 Councilwoman The United States Postal Service operates the Laurel Post Office and the Choctaw Post Office, both located in Laurel. The Mississippi Department of Mental Health South Mississippi State Hospital Crisis Intervention Center is in Laurel. Education Public schools Laurel School District Jones County School District Private schools Laurel Christian School Laurel Christian High School St. John's Day School (affiliated with the Episcopal Church) Media WDAM-TV WHLT-TV WLAU (99.3 FM, "SuperTalk Mississippi") The Laurel Leader-Call newspaper The Chronicle WXRR (104.5 FM, "Rock104") WBBN (95.9 FM, "B-95") Impact Laurel Infrastructure Amtrak's Crescent train connects Laurel with the cities of New York City; Philadelphia; Baltimore; Washington, D.C.; Charlotte, North Carolina; Atlanta; Birmingham, Alabama; and New Orleans. The Laurel Amtrak station is situated at 230 North Maple Street. Hattiesburg–Laurel Regional Airport is located in an unincorporated area in Jones County near Moselle, southwest of Laurel. Major highways Interstate 59 U.S. Route 84 U.S. Route 11 Mississippi Highway 15 Notable people In popular culture Laurel residents Erin and Ben Napier are featured in the HGTV series Home Town, which premiered on March 21, 2017. The show portrays renovations of local homes in and near Laurel. In Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire, fictional Laurel native Blanche DuBois is known here as a "woman of loose morals" who, after the loss of her family estate 'Belle Reve', frequents the Hotel Flamingo as told to Stanley by the merchant Kiefaber. In an argument, Blanche tells Harold Mitchell she's brought many victims into her web, and calls the hotel the Tarantula Arms rather than the Hotel Flamingo. Singer-songwriter Steve Forbert had a hit with the song "Goin' Down to Laurel" (released on his 1978 album Alive on Arrival) which refers to visiting the town of Laurel. See also References Further reading Victoria E. Bynum, The Free State of Jones: Mississippi's Longest Civil War (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001, 2016) Alex Heard, The Eyes of Willie McGee: A Tragedy of Race, Sex and Secrets in the Jim Crow South (New York: Harper, 2011) Nollie W. Hickman, Mississippi Harvest: Lumbering in the Longleaf Pine Belt, 1840–1915 (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, new edition, 2009) Gilbert H. Hoffman and Tony Howe, Yellow Pine Capital: The Laurel, Mississippi Story (Toot Toot Publishing Company, 2010) Charles Marsh, The Last Days: A Son's Story of Sin and Segregation at the Dawn of a New South (New York: Basic Books, 2000) Cleveland Payne, The Oak Park Story: A Cultural History, 1928–1970 (National Oak Park High School Alumni Association, 1988) Cleveland Payne, Laurel: A History of the Black Community, 1882–1962 (Cleveland Payne, 1990) External links City of Laurel official website Scrapbook re: Laurel, Mississippi (MUM00404), owned by the University of Mississippi. Cities in Mississippi Cities in Jones County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Laurel micropolitan area 1882 establishments in Mississippi

122333

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandersville%2C%20Mississippi

Sandersville, Mississippi

Sandersville is a town in Jones County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 731 at the 2010 census, down from 789 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Laurel micropolitan area. Scottish settlers migrated here during the 1820s and built the Good Hope Presbyterian Church. In 1855, the town was named after the Sanders, a pioneer family. Home construction was influence by the Victorian era, as there are a noticeable number of cupolas on buildings in the town. Hunt Refining Company has a refinery northeast of Sandersville which processes crude oil acquired primarily from local Mississippi fields. The refinery produces distillate feedstock, paving grade asphalt, heavy gas oils, naptha, and roofing grade asphalt. Professional football player Doug Satcher was born in Sandersville. Geography Sandersville is located in northeastern Jones County at (31.785455, -89.034572). U.S. Route 11 (Front Street) passes through the center of town, leading southwest to Laurel, the county's largest city, and northeast to Stafford Springs. Interstate 59 passes just west of the town limits, with access from Exit 104 (West Main Street). I-59 leads northeast to Meridian and southwest to Hattiesburg. According to the United States Census Bureau, Sandersville has a total area of , of which , or 0.77%, is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 789 people, 317 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density was 159.2 people per square mile (61.4/km). There were 350 housing units at an average density of 70.6 per square mile (27.2/km). The racial makeup of the town was 92.14% White, 6.84% African American, 0.89% Native American, and 0.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.13% of the population. There were 317 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.94. In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males. The median income for a household in the town was $26,538, and the median income for a family was $34,167. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $20,313 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,429. About 12.8% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 28.9% of those age 65 or over. Education Sandersville is served by the Jones County School District. References Towns in Jones County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Towns in Laurel micropolitan area

122334

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soso%2C%20Mississippi

Soso, Mississippi

Soso is a town in Jones County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 408 at the 2010 census. Paul Davis, a singer and songwriter from Meridian, Mississippi, wrote a song called "Sweet Magnolia Blues", which refers to Soso. History According to tradition, the name "Soso" was derived from an old settler's common response to a question about how he was doing: "so-so". After the Civil War, yeoman farmers returned to the area. The town developed a small mixed-race community. Among its notable residents was Unionist Newton Knight, who lived there mostly after the Reconstruction era with his wife Rachel and family. Knight was known for having led the Knight Company in and around Jones County during 1863 and 1864 in resistance to Confederate authorities, trying to protect local farmers. After the war he lived in Jasper County for a time, where he was active in the Republican Party. In 1872 he was appointed as a deputy U.S. Marshal for the Southern District. After Reconstruction ended, Knight retired from politics, as white Democrats took over county and state offices. Rachel was a freedwoman who had aided the resistance. (In an historic photograph she appears to have been of mixed race.) She and Knight had several children together. Tornado history On April 12, 2020, Soso was struck by a large and deadly EF4 tornado. It caused major damage to homes, churches, and the fire station. Numerous trees were snapped throughout town, the old elementary school was damaged, multiple buildings and churches in town were leveled and several homes were destroyed. The tornado's path mirrored that of a long-tracked F3 tornado that struck the south side of town on April 21, 1951, also causing severe damage. Geography Soso is in northwestern Jones County at (31.754465, -89.274120). Mississippi Highway 28 passes through the center of town, leading southeast to U.S. Route 84 and northwest to Taylorsville. Laurel, the largest city in Jones County, is 10 miles southeast of Soso via Highways 28 and 84. Mississippi Highway 29 has its northern terminus in Soso and leads south to Ellisville. According to the United States Census Bureau, Soso has an area of , of which , or 0.23%, is water. Government Among government and public services, Soso is home to the Soso Volunteer Fire Department, the Soso Police Department, the Soso Town Hall, and the Soso Community Water Service. Demographics As of the census of 2010, there were 408 people, 160 households, and 116 families residing in the town. The population density was 189.7 people per square mile (73.2/km2). There were 174 housing units at an average density of 87.1 per square mile (33.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 79.2% White, 20.3% African American, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population. There were 157 households, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.00. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 19, 36.5% under the age of 50 and 33.8% over the age of 50 The data below is from the 2000 census. The median income for a household in the town was $29,135, and the median income for a family was $31,346. Males had a median income of $19,231 versus $22,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,455. About 15.7% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 21.3% of those age 65 or over. Education Soso is served by the Jones County School District. Elementary-aged students attend West Jones Elementary School, while middle and high school students attend West Jones Middle and High Schools. References Towns in Jones County, Mississippi Towns in Laurel micropolitan area

122335

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Kalb%2C%20Mississippi

De Kalb, Mississippi

De Kalb is a town in and the county seat of Kemper County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,164 at the 2010 census. De Kalb is named after General Johann de Kalb, a Franconian-French military officer who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. De Kalb is the home of former Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi Eddie Briggs. Geography De Kalb is located in central Kemper County at (32.769751, -88.650407). Mississippi Highway 16 passes through the north side of the town, leading east to Scooba and west to Philadelphia. Mississippi Highway 39 (Main Avenue) passes through the center of De Kalb, leading north to Shuqualak and south to Meridian. According to the United States Census Bureau, De Kalb has a total area of , of which , or 0.22%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 877 people, 480 households, and 292 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 972 people, 388 households, and 233 families residing in the town. The population density was 293.5 people per square mile (113.4/km2). There were 444 housing units at an average density of 134.1 per square mile (51.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 70.31% African American, 18.56% White, 0.21% Native American, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population. There were 388 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 20.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.03. In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 25.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $21,000, and the median income for a family was $24,886. Males had a median income of $26,477 versus $16,964 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,171. About 23.3% of families and 28.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.9% of those under age 18 and 21.0% of those age 65 or over. Education De Kalb is served by the Kemper County School District. References Towns in Kemper County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Meridian micropolitan area

122336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooba%2C%20Mississippi

Scooba, Mississippi

Scooba is a town in Kemper County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 732 at the 2010 census. History The first permanent settlement at Scooba was made in the 1830s. Scooba is a Choctaw word meaning "reed brake", and the early settlement was noted for its productive farmland. A line of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad passed through Scooba. A Democratic weekly newspaper, The Kemper Herald, was established in Scooba in 1876. By the early 1900s, Scooba had several residential homes, a hotel, a livery barn, a post office, two saw milling plants, a cotton gin, a general store, five churches (three white and two colored), a school, and a bank (the Bank of Kemper, established in 1904). Scooba was a local market for cotton. In late December 1906, Scooba and Wahalak, Mississippi, were the sites of white rioting against blacks. In the various conflicts, which started with confrontations between passengers and conductors on the railroad, a total of 12 blacks and two whites were killed by December 26. The county sheriff called in the state militia for assistance. The events were covered by national newspapers. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Scooba is adjacent to U.S. Route 45, Mississippi Highway 16, and a railroad. It is north of Meridian and south of Columbus. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 744 people, 191 households, and 107 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 632 people, 204 households, and 139 families residing in the town. The population density was 257.3 people per square mile (99.2/km). There were 244 housing units at an average density of 99.3 per square mile (38.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 54.91% African American, 44.30% White, 0.16% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population. There were 204 households, out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 27.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.09. In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 29.7% from 18 to 24, 19.5% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 127.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $18,875, and the median income for a family was $31,375. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $29,063 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,110. About 30.3% of families and 25.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Scooba is served by the Kemper County School District. The main campus of East Mississippi Community College, including the college system's administrative headquarters, is in Scooba. EMCC was featured on the Netflix documentary Last Chance U, which chronicled their 2015 and 2016 football seasons. Notable people Abner M. Aust - United States Air Force officer and World War II flying ace. Kevin Granger - professional basketball player. Charles Jones - played four seasons in the National Basketball Association. John J. Pettus - 23rd Governor of Mississippi; moved to Scooba at age 22. References External links Meridian micropolitan area Towns in Kemper County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122337

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%2C%20Mississippi

Oxford, Mississippi

Oxford is a city in, and the county seat of, Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. Founded in 1837, it was named after the British city of Oxford. As of the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416; Oxford is the home of the University of Mississippi, founded in 1848 and commonly known as "Ole Miss". History Oxford and Lafayette County were formed from lands ceded by the Chickasaw people in the Treaty of Pontotoc Creek in 1832. The county was organized in 1836, and in 1837 three pioneers—John Martin, John Chisom, and John Craig—purchased land from Hoka, a female Chickasaw landowner, as a site for the town. They named it "Oxford", intending to promote it as a center of learning in the Old Southwest. In 1841, the Mississippi legislature selected Oxford as the site of the state university, which opened in 1848. During the American Civil War, Oxford was occupied by Union Army troops under Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman in 1862; in 1864 Major General Andrew Jackson Smith burned the buildings in the town square, including the county courthouse. In the postwar Reconstruction era, the town recovered slowly, aided by federal judge Robert Andrews Hill, who secured funds to build a new courthouse in 1872. During this period many African American freedmen moved from farms into town and established a neighborhood known as "Freedmen Town", where they built houses, businesses, churches and schools, and exercised all the rights of citizenship. Even after Mississippi disenfranchised most African Americans in the 1890 Constitution of Mississippi, they continued to build their lives in the face of discrimination. During the Civil Rights Movement, Oxford drew national attention in the Ole Miss riot of 1962. State officials, including Governor Ross Barnett, prevented James Meredith, an African American, from enrolling at the University of Mississippi, even after the federal courts had ruled that he be admitted. Following secret face-saving negotiations with Barnett, President John F. Kennedy ordered 127 U.S. Marshals, 316 deputized U.S. Border Patrol agents and 97 federalized Federal Bureau of Prisons officers to accompany Meredith. Thousands of armed "volunteers" flowed into the Oxford area. Meredith traveled to Oxford under armed guard to register, but riots by segregationists broke out in protest of his admittance. That night, cars were burned, federal law enforcement were pelted with rocks, bricks and small arms fire, and university property was damaged by 3,000 rioters. Two civilians were killed by gunshot wounds, and the riot spread into adjacent areas of the city of Oxford. Order was finally restored to the campus with the early morning arrival of 3,000 nationalized Mississippi National Guard and federal troops, who camped in the city. More than 3,000 journalists came to Oxford on September 26, 2008, to cover the first presidential debate of 2008, which was held at the University of Mississippi. Geography Oxford is in central Lafayette County in northern Mississippi, about south-southeast of Memphis, Tennessee. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.35%, is water. The campus of the University of Mississippi, west of downtown, is an unincorporated area surrounded by the city. The city is located in the North Central Hills region of Mississippi. The region is known for its heavily forested hills made up of red clay. The area is higher and greater in relief than areas to the west (such as the Mississippi Delta or loess bluffs along the Delta), but lower in elevation than areas in northeast Mississippi. The changes in elevation can be noticed when traveling on the Highway 6 bypass, since the east-west highway tends to transect many of the north-south ridges. Downtown Oxford sits on one of these ridges and the University of Mississippi sits on another one, while the main commercial corridors on either side of the city sit in valleys. Oxford is located at the confluence of highways from eight directions: Mississippi Highway 6 (now co-signed with US-278) runs west to Batesville and east to Pontotoc; Highway 7 runs north to Holly Springs and south to Water Valley. Highway 30 goes northeast to New Albany; Highway 334 ("Old Highway 6") leads southeast to Toccopola; Taylor Road leads southwest to Taylor; and Highway 314 ("Old Sardis Road") leads northwest, formerly to Sardis but now to the Clear Creek Recreation Area on Sardis Lake. The streets in the downtown area follow a grid pattern with two naming conventions. Many of the north-south streets are numbered from west to east, beginning at the old railroad depot, with numbers from four to nineteen. The place of "Twelfth Street", however, is taken by North and South Lamar Boulevard (formerly North Street and South Street). The east-west avenues are named for the U.S. presidents in chronological order from north to south, from Washington to Cleveland; here again, there are gaps: there is no street for John Quincy Adams, who shares a last name with John Adams; "Polk Avenue" is replaced by University Avenue; and "Arthur Avenue" is lacking. Climate Oxford has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is in hardiness zone 7b. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 25,416 people, 10,351 households, and 5,089 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 18,916 people, with 8,648 households residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 72.3% White, 21.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.5% of the population. The average household size was 2.09. The median income for a household in the city was $38,872, and the average household income was $64,643. The per capita income for the city was $29,195. About 12% of families and 32.3% of the population were below the poverty line. Arts and culture Attractions In addition to the historic Lafayette County Courthouse, the Square is known for an abundance of locally owned restaurants, specialty boutiques, and professional offices, along with Oxford City Hall. The J. E. Neilson Co., located on the southeast corner of the Square, is the South's oldest documented store. Founded as a trading post in 1839, Neilson's continues to anchor the Oxford square. Neilsons (pronounced Nelsons) was one of the few stores to survive the burning of Oxford during the Civil war. It stands within eyesight of one of Oxford's two confederate statues (one was erected after the original faced south because the South "never retreats;" a Falkner (William added a "U") paid for the second). Neilson's also features a letter from William Faulkner, who repeatedly refused to pay debts owed to the department store. When the Great Depression hit Oxford and most of the banks in town closed, Neilson's acted as a surrogate bank, cashing paychecks for university employees and others. Neilson's is also the only store in Oxford to carry supplies for Boy Scout uniforms. Square Books, founded in 1979, is an independent bookstore. A sister store, Off Square Books, is several doors down the street to the east. It deals in used and remainder books and is the venue for a radio show called Thacker Mountain Radio, with host Jim Dees, that is broadcast statewide on Mississippi Public Broadcasting. The show often draws comparisons to Garrison Keillor's A Prairie Home Companion for its mix of author readings and musical guests. A third store, Square Books Jr., deals exclusively in children's books and educational toys. The Lyric Theater, just off the courthouse square, is Oxford's largest music venue, with a capacity near 1200. Originally built in the late 1800s, the structure became a livery stable owned by William Faulkner's family in the early part of the 20th century. During the 1920s it became Oxford's first motion picture theater, the Lyric. In 1949, Faulkner walked from his home in Oxford to his childhood stable for the world premiere of MGM's Intruder in the Dust, adapted from one of his novels. The building housed office space and a health center from the early 1980s. After extensive restoration, the Lyric reopened on 3 July 2008 as a live music venue. It also is used occasionally for film and live drama. The Gertrude Castellow Ford Center for the Performing Arts on the University of Mississippi's campus hosts a broad range of events, such as symphony performances, operas, musicals, plays, comedy tours, chamber music, and guest lectures. The Ford Center, as it is commonly known, also hosted the 2008 Presidential Debate between former President Barack Obama and Senator John McCain. The University of Mississippi Museum is located on the University of Mississippi's main campus. The Robinson collection of Greek and Roman antiquities and the Millington-Barnard collection of 19th century scientific instruments are permanent collections of the museum. The museum is also home to the personal collections of Kate Skipwith and Mary Buie. The permanent exhibits are free to the public. The Burns-Belfry Museum was previously the Burns Methodist Episcopal Church organized by freed African Americans in 1910. Now, the museum pays tribute to its role in the Civil War era. The museum houses a permanent exhibit on African American history that spans from slavery through the Civil Rights Movement. Culture Oxford has had a diverse music scene for many years. Oxford's relatively close proximity to large music cities such as Memphis, New Orleans, and Nashville, influence its musical stylings. Musicians past and present living in Oxford include Beanland, The Cooters, Bass Drum of Death, Kudzu Kings, Blue Mountain, George McConnell, Caroline Herring and blues harp player Adam Gussow. Oxford is also the home of the music label Fat Possum Records, who released records by blues legends R. L. Burnside and Junior Kimbrough, as well as The Black Keys. Johnny Marr, former guitarist for The Smiths and current member of Modest Mouse bought a home in Oxford but no longer lives in it. Former Derek and the Dominos member Bobby Whitlock lived in Oxford where he had a ranch and his own studio. Musicians Modest Mouse, Gavin Degraw, Elvis Costello, The Hives, and Counting Crows have recorded albums at Sweet Tea Recording Studio in Oxford. Dennis Herring, the owner of Sweet Tea, has received Grammy awards for his work with artists such as Jars of Clay and blues great Buddy Guy. Bob Dylan wrote a song called "Oxford Town", which was included on his album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan. The song was about the violent events surrounding the admission of James Meredith into the University of Mississippi in 1962. Dylan played a memorable concert at the Tad Smith Coliseum on the Ole Miss campus in November 1990, which opened with a performance of the song Oxford Town. Oxford has been the setting for numerous movies, including Intruder in the Dust (1949, based on the Faulkner novel), Home from the Hill (1960), Barn Burning (1980, based on the Faulkner short story), Rush (1981 documentary), Heart of Dixie (1989), The Gun in Betty Lou's Handbag (1992), Glorious Mail (2005), Sorry, We're Open (2008 documentary), The Night of the Loup Garou (2009), Where I Begin (2010), and parts of The People vs. Larry Flynt (1997). American journalist and novelist Joan Didion mentions Oxford in her collection of essays The White Album (book). Historic sites See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Lafayette County, Mississippi and the Lyceum-The Circle Historic District, University of Mississippi. Ammadelle (Pegues House), designed by Calvert Vaux Barnard Observatory (Center for the Study of Southern Culture), University of Mississippi, 1859 Isom Place, ca. 1843, remodeled 1848 Lafayette County Courthouse, 1872, designed by Willis, Sloan, and Trigg Lucius Q. C. Lamar House, ca. 1860 The Lyceum, University of Mississippi, 1848, designed by William Nichols Rowan Oak (William Faulkner House), 1848 St. Peter's Episcopal Church, 1860, attributed to Richard Upjohn (Neo-Gothic) University of Mississippi Power House, site of William Faulkner's composition of As I Lay Dying Ventress Hall, University of Mississippi, 1889 (Richardson Romanesque) Education The city is served by two public school districts, Oxford School District and Lafayette County School District, and by three private schools: Oxford University School, Regents School of Oxford and Magnolia Montessori. Oxford is partially the home of the main campus of the University of Mississippi, known as "Ole Miss" (much of the campus is in University, Mississippi, an unincorporated enclave surrounded by the city), and of the Lafayette-Yalobusha Center of Northwest Mississippi Community College. The North Mississippi Japanese Supplementary School, a Japanese weekend school, is operated in conjunction with the University of Mississippi, with classes held on campus. Media The Oxford Eagle, founded 1865 The Daily Mississippian, the student newspaper of The University of Mississippi, founded 1911 The Local Voice, a bimonthly entertainment guide and newspaper Infrastructure Health care The Baptist Memorial Hospital - North Mississippi, located in Oxford provides comprehensive health care services for Oxford and the surrounding area, supported by a growing number of physicians, clinics and support facilities. The North Mississippi Regional Center, a state-licensed Intermediate Care Facility for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF/IID), is located in Oxford. Oxford is home to the National Center for Natural Products Research at the University of Mississippi's School of Pharmacy. The Center is the only facility in the United States that is federally licensed to cultivate marijuana for scientific research, and to distribute it to medical marijuana patients. Transportation The city operates public transportation under the name Oxford-University Transit (OUT), with bus routes throughout the city and University of Mississippi campus. Ole Miss students and faculty ride free upon showing University identification. Mississippi Central Railroad provides freight rail service to the Lafayette County Industrial Park in Oxford. University-Oxford Airport is a public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northwest of the central business district of Oxford. The airport is owned by the University of Mississippi. Notable people William Faulkner grew up in Oxford and used it as the fictional city of "Jefferson". Authors include John Grisham, Kiese Laymon, Curtis Wilkie, Ace Atkins, Chris Offutt, Howard Bahr, Richard Ford, Tom Franklin, Beth Ann Fennelly, Ann Fisher-Wirth, Wright Thompson, Stark Young, Larry Brown, Willie Morris, and Barry Hannah. Artists include photorealist painter Glennray Tutor, figurative painter Jere Allen, and primitive artist Theora Hamblett (1895–1977). Secretary of the Interior Jacob Thompson (1810–1885) owned a manor called "Home Place" in Oxford that was burned during the Civil War by Union troops. A historical marker stands where it once stood. L.Q.C. Lamar (1825–1893), U.S. senator and supreme court justice, resided in Oxford, where he served as professor of mathematics at the University of Mississippi, farmed, and practiced law. He was the son-in-law of university chancellor Augustus Baldwin Longstreet. Lamar's home in Oxford was restored as a museum in 2008. Angela McGlowan (born 1970), Republican political commentator, author, and consulting firm CEO Naomi Sims (1948-2009), fashion model, was born in Oxford. New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning, who played college football at Ole Miss, lives in Oxford during the off-season. His father, former Ole Miss and New Orleans Saints quarterback Archie Manning, owns a condominium in Oxford. Sister city Aubigny-sur-Nère, Cher, France References External links City of Oxford official website Oxford-Lafayette County Chamber of Commerce Oxford Tourism Council Cities in Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Lafayette County, Mississippi Micropolitan areas of Mississippi Populated places established in 1837 1837 establishments in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%2C%20Mississippi

Taylor, Mississippi

Taylor is a town in Lafayette County, Mississippi. The population was 322 at the 2010 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.24% is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 500 people, 128 households, and 78 families residing in the town. The population density was 70.3 people per square mile (27.1/km). There were 138 housing units at an average density of 33.6 per square mile (13.0/km). The racial makeup of the town was 70.28% White, 25.99% African American, 1.38% Native American and 0.35% Pacific Islander. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.73% of the population. There were 128 households, out of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.87. In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.3% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $28,875, and the median income for a family was $50,250. Males had a median income of $31,528 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,403. About 14.1% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 17.1% of those 65 or over. Education The Town of Taylor is served by the Lafayette County School District. Notable people L.Q.C. Lamar, agricultural innovator, statesman References External links Towns in Lafayette County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purvis%2C%20Mississippi

Purvis, Mississippi

Purvis is a U.S. city in and the county seat of Lamar County, Mississippi. It is part of the Hattiesburg, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,175 at the 2010 census. The Town of Purvis was incorporated on February 25, 1888 and was founded by and named after Thomas Melville Purves, originally of Marion County, Alabama. Purves, born March 8, 1820, was a second generation Scottish-American; his grandfather emigrated to Charleston, South Carolina in 1765. History Purves acquired a land grant in 1870 for a parcel of real estate which was located, at that time, in Marion County, Mississippi. In 1871, Purves moved from his home in Greene County and homesteaded the , along with his wife, Dorothy Abney, born May 14, 1826, in Hinds County, and their five surviving children, to the rural property. Dorothy, also known as Dollie or Dolly, was a doctor who tended the sick of the area and delivered babies. Purves built a two-room log cabin for his family with an open fireplace in one room used for cooking and heating. John, Thomas Purves' third surviving child, was the town's first Mayor. In 1884, the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad gained right-of-way on Purves' property and a depot was erected, along with a marker, reading "Purvis". There were various recognized spellings of Scottish Clan Purves (surname) with both names previously listed being only a few of many. Purves eventually changed the spelling of his surname to match the town's depot marker which you can see evidenced on his tombstone located in Fillingame Cemetery in Purvis. Purves built and ran the first boarding house for the men who were working on laying rails for the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad. This building was called a "section house" because that is what a house built for railroad crew was termed at that time. Mrs. Anna Bufkin was a member of one of the first families to live in the section house as her husband was one that helped grade and build that part of the railroad in Purvis. There were around fifty men in the crew working in that area and the water supply was inadequate for that many additional people. They found a second source of water from a spring across the railroad track that was originally used by Thomas Purves (Grandpa Purvis) years before the town sprang into existence. Lamar became a county on February 19, 1904, in House Bill 166 and was formed from the second Judicial District of Marion County. The county was named after Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, who was elected to Mississippi Congress in 1872 and has one county each in Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia named after him. The town of Purvis was designated as the county seat of the county Lamar with the depot of the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad listed as the town's center and the lines to run with the cardinal points of the compass. Purvis began as a sawmill town and is noted to be located on the highest point on the Southern Railroad between Meridian and New Orleans by James Bounds, land surveyor, MS REG # L.S.1021. The first homesteaders of the area farmed and would only have to make 2-3 trips to "town" for supplies a year. The best route and the trading post most used was the Pass Christian trading post, some ninety miles south of the area which took eleven days in ox-cart to travel. James Bounds, surveyor, stated: It may be of interest to note the location of the old Pass Christian Road on a map of Stone and Pearl River Counties. This road was used very much by the early settlers of Lamar County to travel south to the coast for supplies. This road followed a natural divide between the water-sheds of Wolf River and Big Black Creek, of which the head waters originate in Lamar County. This road was one of necessity. It crossed no branches or streams of any kind and was one of the main roads of travel until modern means of transportation came into use after the American Civil War. When the town was in its infancy, lumber companies bought large tracts of virgin pine forested land and erected sawmills at sites along the newly developing rail line. A special meeting of the board of supervisors was held in January 1905, for the purpose of giving a contract for a new courthouse to be built for the sum of $43,516 to P.H. Weathers (architect) of Jackson, Mississippi. This two-story brick and stone building was to replace the frame courthouse that in use at the time. The new Lamar County Courthouse was completed in 1905 at a cost of $50,000 only to be damaged by the 1908 Dixie tornado outbreak, then subsequently demolished by fire in 1934. The building was reconstructed and expanded in 1956 but has fallen into disrepair in recent years. Lamar County Administrator Chuck Bennett stated on December 30, 2008, that the courthouse is slated for a complete renovation that could cost up to $44,000,000 and could take up to four years to complete. Preliminary work began in 2006 and some items have already been paid in full, such as engineering services and an asbestos study. Geography Purvis is located at (31.142616, -89.407724). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and 0.25% is water. Because of a well-known system of aquifers and sand mines, this area was selected for "project dribble" to be the site of nuclear tests by the US government during 1961 to 1968 to measure seismic activity. Major highways Interstate 59 US 11 (MS) Mississippi Highway 589 Purvis is part of the area known as the Pine Belt (Mississippi) due to overwhelming number of longleaf pine trees that populate the forests. Climate Purvis is located in the Deep South, in a humid subtropical area of the country with hot summers and mild winters. Located in USDA Hardiness Zone 8, the climate supports a large variety of foliage and plants. Purvis receives about 62 inches of rain annually, January being the wettest month averaging , which provides for the lush growth of native plants and trees. January is also the coldest month of the year with an average temperature of 60 degrees during the daytime and 36 degrees at night. Summers are long with 80 degree temperatures beginning in May or sometimes sooner and lasting normally until the first weeks of October. Night temperatures do not usually vary greatly from daytime temperatures, usually dropping only 21 -24 degrees. Heat indexes can soar during the summer months due to high humidity and long hours of sunshine, causing a 93 degree day to feel as if it were 101 degrees. Afternoon showers and thunderstorms are to be expected during summer months but are often short lived. July is, on average, the hottest month of the year at 92 degrees, without counting the varying heat index. Snowfall is rare and when it does occur it usually is only or less. Purvis averages freezing temperatures only a few times a winter. The record high was in 1951 at 106 degrees and the record low in 1985 at 4 degrees. On February 23, 2016, a tornado hit Purvis, killing one. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,909 people, 821 households, and 496 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,164 people, 786 households, and 577 families residing in the city. The population density was 551.0 people per square mile (212.6/km). There were 844 housing units at an average density of 214.9 per square mile (82.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 70.84% White, 27.68% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.06% of the population. There were 786 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 20.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.16. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $30,938, and the median income for a family was $35,000. Males had a median income of $27,571 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,727. About 11.3% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over. Government The United States Postal Service operates the Purvis Post Office in Purvis. The Mississippi Department of Mental Health operates the South Mississippi State Hospital in unincorporated Lamar County, near Purvis. Education The Purvis School System's mascot is a tornado as a testament of the courage of those who endured the Tornadoes of 1908, which changed the face of the emerging town, and in honor of those who lost their lives that day. The city of Purvis is serviced by the Lamar County School District which includes the following: Purvis Lower Elementary School K-2 Purvis Upper Elementary School 3-5 Purvis Middle School 6-8 Purvis High School 9-12 Private Schools include: Lamar Christian School Bass Memorial Academy Noteworthy events Military contributions The citizens of Purvis have contributed greatly to the various branches of the United States Military beginning long before the town was incorporated. The War Memorial located on the grounds of the Old Lamar County Courthouse holds testament of the sacrifices the families of the area have made. The Purvis City Park is dedicated to the men and women who served in World War II and one of the main thoroughfares through the city is named in honor of one of its decorated servicemen. Tornadoes of 1908 On April 24, 1908, three F4 (207-260 mph) tornadoes left a line of destruction from Livingston Parish, Louisiana northeast to Wayne County. This line of storms left 143 people dead, with 83 dead in Purvis alone. From the reports of Dr. H.R. Hermesch, Assistant Surgeon U.S. Navy and the Relief Committee at Purvis, we know that there were 83 dead, 340 wounded and 1935 destitute in the town of Purvis. The large "Town Clock" in the domed tower of the courthouse of the time, sustained damage from flying debris and was stopped at 2:13 in the afternoon. An excerpt from the booklet "The Purvis Tornado" by the Lamar County Historical Society, 2004: "The first thought was of Hattiesburg for help. All the wires were down, and they could not telegraph this city for help, so Sheriff George W. Holleman saddled his horse and W.B. Alsworth mounted the steed, and started across the country for Richburg, 10 miles distance toward Hattiesburg. Mr. Alsworth urged the horse for all he was worth, dashing three veritable creeks, and over rough roads. He made the trip in less than fifty minutes. A second messenger was sent behind Mr. Alsworth, so that if anything happened, the other man might reach the goal and send the news. The other messenger was J.C. Calhoun. Both men reached Richburg about 3 o'clock, Mr. Alsworth sometime ahead of Mr. Calhoun. Alsworth wired direct over the telephone to Mayor J.D. Donald, asking for physicians to come to the relief of the stricken town. Mayor Donald immediately made the fact known in the city. A special train over the North Eastern was the result. Thus the new of the terrible disaster was communicated to the outside world." The depot of the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad, which was responsible for the success of the bustling, growing town, was one of the first public buildings demolished by the twisters and was thrown across the tracks. Railroad cars standing in front of the depot were carried away by the winds. Over 115 businesses, buildings and homes were completely demolished or partially destroyed and the entire African-American section of town was wiped out. The Purvis High School graduating Class of 1908's commencement exercises were due to start the night the tornado hit and part of the exercises had been previously performed the morning of the tornado. The morning exercises were completed at the two story brick schoolhouse on Mitchell Street just one hour before the storm hit and had it lasted one hour longer, the death toll would have been far greater for the entire second floor of the schoolhouse was removed by the twister. Hurricanes Purvis has felt the winds of quite a few tropical systems over the years; especially considering how many miles from the Mississippi Gulf Coast the city is located. Category 3 Hurricane Ethel came in 1960 but died down to a tropical storm by the time she had reached the area. Hurricane Hilda in 1964 was not a Category 4 but an extratropical low when she deposited rain in Lamar County. Due to the close proximity of Lamar County to Louisiana, Hurricane Betsy in 1965 also left Purvis some rain. The eye of Hurricane Camille came directly over Lamar County in 1969 and was the largest, costliest and most deadly hurricane to hit the Mississippi Gulf Coast until the monster storm Katrina in 2005. Hurricane Edith came in 1971, followed by Hurricane Carmen in 1974 that drenched us with of rain before heading off to Texas. Hurricane Bob made an appearance in 1979 but was quickly forgotten when Hurricane Elena made her way over the area in 1985 as a Category 3 storm. That same year, Purvis received more rain than wind from Category 1 Hurricane Juan. Hurricane Florence passed by in 1988, leaving only rain as a weakening Category 1 storm. In 1992, Hurricane Andrew had thankfully died down from its original Category 5 when it came over and dropped of rain. Hurricane Georges gave Purvis 5–7 inches of precipitation in 1998, and also some wind before curving back over Alabama. Tropical Storm Allison oddly stayed together long enough to still have an eye like feature over Purvis after traveling from Texas and Louisiana in 2001 and dumped 10–15 inches of rain on Lamar County. Mississippi felt the effects of The Hurricane in 2005, Hurricane Katrina, which hit the area as a weakening Category 2 hurricane after reaching Category 5 strength in the Gulf of Mexico. This storm killed 1836 people, 238 of them in Mississippi. The effects from this hurricane can still be seen four years later in the forests around Purvis. Hurricane Gustav passed a little south of the area in 2008 but was close enough to leave wind and rain in its wake. 1960s Vela Uniform/Project Dribble Nuclear Tests Vela Uniform was an element of Project Vela conducted jointly by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Its purpose was to develop seismic methods for detecting underground nuclear testing. The Project Dribble program involved two nuclear detonations called Salmon and Sterling that were conducted within Tatum Salt Dome southwest of the Hattiesburg/Purvis area in the late 1960s. The Sterling Event was the fourth nuclear detonation involved in a study, identified as Project Dribble, sponsored by the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Project Agency. Project Dribble involved the recording and identification of seismic signals from underground detonations. These studies are part of a seismic research program called Vela Uniform which is designed to improve the United States' capability to detect, identify, and locate underground nuclear detonations. Project Dribble's purpose was to give U.S. scientists experience in detecting underground nuclear tests in the Soviet Union. The first blast, a 5.3 kiloton bomb, took place in 1964 at the bottom of a shaft southwest of Hattiesburg and four miles (6 km) northeast of Baxterville. The second bomb, much smaller, was exploded two years later within the cavity created by the first blast. Notable people Lacey Chabert, film and television actress. Willie Shelby, collegiate and NFL football player. Walter Young, major league baseball player. In popular culture Referenced in the song "Mississippi" off the CD The Good Times by Afroman. Afroman is said to be "swerving his Cadillac through Purvis." References External links The CLUI Land Use Database: Salmon and Sterling Nuclear Test Sites Significant Past Weather Occurrences in the South Central States Epic Disasters Fact Sheet on Purvis, Salmon Nuclear Test Site Lamar County School District Website Purvis Lower Elementary Website Purvis Upper Elementary Website Purvis Middle School Website Purvis High School Website Lamar Christian School Website Bass Memorial Academy Website Lamar County Public Library Little Black Creek Water Park Cities in Mississippi Cities in Lamar County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Hattiesburg metropolitan area

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumrall%2C%20Mississippi

Sumrall, Mississippi

Sumrall is a town in Lamar County, Mississippi. It is part of the Hattiesburg, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,421 at the 2010 census. History Sumrall was one of many new towns incorporated along the Mississippi Central Railroad during the first decade of the 20th century. Prior to the arrival of the railroad, founder Daniel Sumrall operated a grist mill along Mill Creek. In 1890, the federal government established a post office in the community and named it Sumrall. The J. J. Newman Company, headed by Fenwick Peck, chose the site as the location for a large sawmill. Situated in the heart of South Mississippi's pine belt, the location was ideal for just such a large mill. Evidence of the quality of timber in the area is supported by a prize-winning short leaf pine displayed at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis. The tree was 160 feet tall, measured 20 feet in circumference and was 6 feet eight inches in diameter. With the arrival of the railroad, the town grew quickly and petitioned for incorporation as a town; this wish was granted by the Mississippi Legislature on October 6, 1903. Some early residents wanted to change the name of the town because, although Daniel Sumrall was a native of Perry County in Mississippi, he had served in the Civil War as a Union soldier. The federal government had the final choice in the matter and, as they refused to change the name of the post office, any change in the name of the city would have been meaningless. For nearly 30 years the Newman Lumber Company was the main industry of the city. As the timber industry was a "cut out and get out" operation at this time, when the mill depleted the profitable timber supply it ceased operation in 1931. Combined with the Great Depression, the shutdown of the mill had a marked impact on the town and left it with no large employer for nearly 20 years. In 1949, the Movie Star Company opened a plant in nearby Purvis, and soon opened a similar plant in Sumrall which provided stable employment for many local women until the 1990s. The population of the city remained flat or declined from 1940-2000. As the metropolitan area of Hattiesburg has expanded westward, Sumrall is now once again experiencing economic growth. The Longleaf Trace, a recreational trail which follows the route of the former Mississippi Central Railroad, runs through the center of town. The Longleaf Trace extends from Hattiesburg, MS to Prentiss Mississippi and is popular with bikers, hikers, and horseback riders. In 2017 Cooperative Energy opened a solar farm (photovoltaic power station) near Sumrall. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.46% is water. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Sumrall has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,765 people, 618 households, and 454 families residing in the town. 2000 census At the 2000 census, there were 1,005 people, 406 households and 265 families residing in the town. The population density was 468.6 per square mile (181.3/km). There were 436 housing units at an average density of 203.3 per square mile (78.7/km). The racial makeup of the town was 76.62% White, 22.29% African American, 10.3% Native American, 0.10% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population. There were 406 households, of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.09. 27.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.0 males. The median household income was $25,800 and the median family income was $37,784. Males had a median income of $29,500 versus $16,786 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,715. About 13.3% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.7% of those under age 18 and 25.4% of those age 65 or over. Sports Sumrall High School won 3A State Championships in baseball in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2015.. The 2009 team was undefeated, while the 2010 team lost a single game. They currently hold the state record in Mississippi for the consecutive number of high school baseball games won, with a streak of 67 games won between 2008 and 2010. Education The Town of Sumrall is served by the Lamar County School District. Schools in Sumrall are the Sumrall High School (Home of the Bobcats) or the Elementary School of Sumrall Notable people Archie Cooley, college football coach Cary Hudson, lead singer, guitarist and main songwriter of the alternative country/Southern rock band Blue Mountain References Towns in Lamar County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Hattiesburg metropolitan area

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%2C%20Mississippi

Marion, Mississippi

Marion is a town in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, United States. It is a northeastern suburb of Meridian, the county seat. The population of Marion was 1,479 at the 2010 census. History The town was named for Francis Marion, a military leader known as the "Swamp Fox". Marion was Lauderdale County's seat from its founding to Reconstruction. Prior to the war, Marion was a prosperous town inhabited by numerous planters and enslaved African Americans. In 1840, it had a drugstore, two blacksmith shops, six dry goods stores, and two academies (one for girls and another for boys). It also had at least one newspaper, the Lauderdale Republican. In 1850, Congress donated land to Alabama and Mississippi in order to build the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, which bypassed Marion and constructed a station two miles to the southwest in a village called McLemore's Old Field (now the city of Meridian). During the 1850s, land values in Lauderdale County increased by 176 percent, which allowed many non-slaveholding whites to purchase slaves to grow cotton, build roads, and clear the surrounding forests for cultivation. By 1860, Lauderdale County's enslaved population had more than doubled—a fact that fed support for secessionism after the election of Abraham Lincoln. On February 16, 1864, U.S. Army forces commanded by General William T. Sherman raided Marion and destroyed the railroad connecting it to Meridian. In 1870, voters opted to move the county seat from Marion to Meridian, which had expanded rapidly since the end of the Civil War. Geography Marion is located in central Lauderdale County at (32.422182, -88.647323). It is bordered to the north, west, and south by the city of Meridian. Downtown Meridian is to the southwest via Dale Drive. U.S. Route 45 passes through the east side of Marion on a four-lane bypass that continues south around Meridian. The bypass ends at the northeast corner of Marion, and US 45 continues north-northeast from there to Columbus. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.27%, are water. Sowashee Creek forms the eastern boundary of the town and flows southwest through Meridian to join Okatibbee Creek, part of the Chickasawhay River and ultimately the Pascagoula River watershed. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,751 people, 667 households, and 436 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,305 people, 468 households, and 324 families residing in the town. The population density was 448.7 people per square mile (173.1/km2). There were 555 housing units at an average density of 190.8 per square mile (73.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 52.87% White, 45.82% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.69% of the population. There were 468 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 28.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.00. In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 70.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 62.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $26,413, and the median income for a family was $28,438. Males had a median income of $27,778 versus $17,303 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,504. About 30.5% of families and 32.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.1% of those under age 18 and 20.5% of those age 65 or over. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Marion has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. References External links Official website Towns in Lauderdale County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Meridian micropolitan area

122342

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian%20Station%2C%20Mississippi

Meridian Station, Mississippi

Meridian Station is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, United States, corresponding to the residential portions of Naval Air Station Meridian. The population was 1,090 at the 2010 census. Geography Meridian Station is located in northern Lauderdale County at (32.547017, -88.621981). It is north of Meridian, the county seat, via Mississippi Highway 39 and John C. Stennis Drive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 2.69%, are water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,849 people, 354 households, and 344 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 656.5 people per square mile (253.2/km2). There were 526 housing units at an average density of 186.8/sq mi (72.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 62.57% White, 26.55% African American, 0.76% Native American, 2.65% Asian, 0.32% Pacific Islander, 3.79% from other races, and 3.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.06% of the population. There were 354 households, out of which 75.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 88.1% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 2.8% were non-families. 2.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.45 and the average family size was 3.49. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 30.4% from 18 to 24, 38.6% from 25 to 44, 1.7% from 45 to 64, and 0.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 145.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,024, and the median income for a family was $42,173. Males had a median income of $24,348 versus $17,284 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,353. About 5.3% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. References Census-designated places in Lauderdale County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi Census-designated places in Meridian micropolitan area

122343

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello%2C%20Mississippi

Monticello, Mississippi

Monticello is a town in and the county seat of Lawrence County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,571 at the 2010 census. Geography Monticello is in central Lawrence County, on the west side of the Pearl River. U.S. Route 84 runs through the north side of the town on a four-lane bypass. US 84 leads east to Prentiss and west to Interstate 55 in Brookhaven. Mississippi Highway 27 passes through the west side of Monticello, leading north to Crystal Springs and south to Tylertown. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Monticello has a total area of , of which are land and , or 2.17%, are water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,441 people, 640 households, and 350 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,726 people, 690 households, and 451 families residing in the town. The population density was 530.4 people per square mile (205.1/km2). There were 754 housing units at an average density of 231.7 per square mile (89.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 64.19% White, 34.18% African American, 0.98% Asian, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.06% of the population. There were 690 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.01. In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 77.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $27,109, and the median income for a family was $40,063. Males had a median income of $36,429 versus $16,538 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,013. About 23.3% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.2% of those under age 18 and 15.0% of those age 65 or over. Education The town of Monticello is served by the Lawrence County School District. The district is under the supervision of Superintendent Tammy Fairburn, who took office in 2012. Notable people Erick Dampier, NBA center Major Everett, former NFL running back Mark Green, congressman Al Jefferson, forward/center for the NBA Indiana Pacers Kendra King, Miss Mississippi USA 2006 J. B. Lenoir, blues singer Rod Paige, former U.S. Secretary of Education Byther Smith, blues singer See also Atwood Music Festival References External links Official website Towns in Lawrence County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122344

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage%2C%20Mississippi

Carthage, Mississippi

Carthage is a city in Leake County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 5,075 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Leake County. The largest chicken processing plant in the world is located in Carthage. History Carthage was established in 1834, and became the county seat. The Harris family were early settlers, and named the town after their former home of Carthage, Tennessee. A courthouse and jail were built in 1836, and a post office was established the following year. Carthage was incorporated in 1876. A brick courthouse replaced the previous one in 1877, and was replaced again in 1910. The Carthaginian newspaper was established in 1872, and remains in publication today. By 1900, agriculture was the primary industry in Leake County. The Pearl River, located south of Carthage, was used to ship goods by steamboat to and from Jackson, the state capital . Although a railroad eventually ran through Carthage, it did not play a significant role in the development of the town. In 1914, the Merrill Brothers Logging Company built a logging railroad from Canton to McAfee, passing through Carthage. The line was taken over in 1927 by the Canton and Carthage Railroad, which then established commercial service to Carthage. The railroad was abandoned in 1960. In 1927, Jackson's Daily Clarion Ledger wrote an article entitled "Carthage is a Good Progressive and Enterprising City - Thriving Center of Leake County Holds Modern Benefits". By then, Carthage had schools, churches, an ice plant, two banks, a Masonic Hall, and a Coca-Cola bottling plant. The population had surpassed 2,000 by 1964, and the town was reclassified as a city. A large area known as the "Carthage Historic District", comprising commercial and residential properties of various architectural styles, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The post office and the Jordan House are individually listed. When Carthage, Texas established in 1848, it was named after Carthage, Mississippi. Civil Rights Era As early as 1948, Carthage began holding an annual "Tri-Racial Goodwill Festival", in which all citizens were included. Although the directors of the first festival separated whites, African Americans and Native Americans, this was corrected in subsequent years. The local newspaper reported that at the 1949 festival, "friendship and goodwill fellowship permeated the air". In 1964, a group known as Americans for the Preservation of the White Race initiated a boycott in Carthage against white-owned businesses that were complying with the Civil Rights Act. Also, when members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee tried to open a Freedom School in Carthage, local whites told them their deed was invalid, and threatened to burn the school. In 1967, shots were fired into the home of an NAACP worker in Carthage. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.53%) is water. The geographic center of Mississippi is located west-northwest of Carthage. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 4,901 people, 1,359 households, and 1,024 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 4,637 people, 1,490 households, and 1,065 families residing in the city. The population density was 495.9 people per square mile (191.5/km2). There were 1,654 housing units at an average density of 176.9 per square mile (68.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 52.86% White, 44.25% African American, 1.04% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.58% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94% of the population. There were 1,490 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 23.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.12. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $25,052, and the median income for a family was $30,069. Males had a median income of $27,060 versus $17,280 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,986. About 21.5% of families and 26.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.6% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over. Economy The largest chicken processing plant in the world—able to process 2.5 million chickens per week—is located on Highway 35 north of Carthage. Originally owned by Choctaw Maid Farms, the plant was flanked by a large trailer park built in the mid-1990s to house the factory's growing Hispanic migrant workforce, and the Hispanic population of Carthage increased from 1.9 percent to 12.3 percent between 2000 and 2010. The plant was purchased by Tyson Foods in 2003, and employs 1,700. Arts and culture The Square Affair is held annually each May, and features walks, runs, a children's fishing rodeo, an idol competition, vendors, fireworks, and a basketball tournament. Parks and recreation McMillian Park in Carthage has baseball diamonds, tennis courts, and a fishing pond. Lincoln Park in Carthage has a baseball diamond, basketball court, walking trail, and community center. Education The City of Carthage is served by the Leake County School District. Infrastructure Highways Carthage is served by Mississippi Highway 35, Mississippi Highway 16, and Mississippi Highway 25. Airport The Carthage-Leake County Airport is located north of the city. Law enforcement and fire Carthage is protected by its own police and fire departments. Health care The Baptist Medical Center in Carthage provides hospital services and critical care. Notable people The Chambers Brothers, soul music group Winson Hudson, civil rights activist John Johnson, professional basketball player, First Team All American at University of Iowa Bennett Malone, member of Mississippi House of Representatives Marcus Mann, Southern Baptist minister and former college basketball player Donald Rawson (1925-2014), history professor and administrator at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana, born in the former Dossville in Leake County O'Neal Wilder, World Junior gold medalist References External links City of Carthage official website Leake County Chamber of Commerce Leake County School District The Carthaginian Cities in Mississippi Cities in Leake County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi 1834 establishments in Mississippi

122345

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwater%2C%20Mississippi

Redwater, Mississippi

Redwater is a census-designated place (CDP) in Leake County, Mississippi, United States. It is one of the eight communities of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Reservation, and the population is 61% Choctaw. The population was 633 at the 2010 census, up from 409 at the 2000 census. Geography Redwater is located in central Leake County at (32.777025, -89.543724). It is bordered to the south by the city of Carthage, the county seat. Mississippi Highway 25 passes through the CDP, leading northeast to Louisville and southwest to Jackson, the state capital. Mississippi Highway 35 crosses Highway 25, leading north to Kosciusko and south through Carthage to Interstate 20 at Forest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Redwater CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.17%, are water. Town Creek, a tributary of the Pearl River, flows southward through the center of the CDP. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 409 people, 125 households, and 95 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 39.6 people per square mile (15.3/km). There were 140 housing units at an average density of 13.6/sq mi (5.2/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 10.51% White, 12.47% African American, 76.53% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.22% of the population. There were 125 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.6% were married couples living together, 36.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.27 and the average family size was 3.64. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 37.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $16,333, and the median income for a family was $13,542. Males had a median income of $25,667 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,835. About 50.5% of families and 53.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 58.4% of those under age 18 and 55.4% of those age 65 or over. Education Redwater is served by the Leake County School District. Native American students are eligible to attend schools in the Choctaw Tribal School System, a non-public district operated by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. References Census-designated places in Leake County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi

122346

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20Pine%2C%20Mississippi

Standing Pine, Mississippi

Standing Pine is a census-designated place (CDP) in Leake County, Mississippi, United States. It is one of the eight communities of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Reservation, and the population is 94% Choctaw. The total population of the CDP was 504 at the 2010 census. Geography Standing Pine is located in southeastern Leake County at (32.675141, -89.444742). It is southeast of Carthage, the county seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.21%, are water. The community sits on a set of low ridges that drain northeast to Standing Pine Creek and southwest to Pottock Creek, both northwest-flowing tributaries of the Pearl River. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 509 people, 135 households, and 112 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 158.8 people per square mile (61.2/km). There were 143 housing units at an average density of 44.6/sq mi (17.2/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 16.11% White, 1.18% African American, 82.12% Native American, 0.59% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population. There were 135 households, out of which 43.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 24.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.3% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.77 and the average family size was 4.04. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 42.8% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 15.7% from 45 to 64, and 4.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,538, and the median income for a family was $28,558. Males had a median income of $20,833 versus $18,566 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,111. About 10.1% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Education Standing Pine is served by the Leake County School District. Native American students are eligible to attend schools in the Choctaw Tribal School System, a non-public district operated by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Notable people Ross Barnett, governor of Mississippi David W. Huff, David and the Giants singer References Census-designated places in Leake County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi

122347

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut%20Grove%2C%20Mississippi

Walnut Grove, Mississippi

Walnut Grove is a town in Leake County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,911 at the 2010 census, an increase from 488 at the 2000 census. The growth was due to the town's annexation of the Walnut Grove Youth Correctional Facility, which had been privately owned and operated since 2001 under a contract with the state Department of Corrections. By 2011 it was the largest juvenile facility in the nation. Because of repeated problems at the troubled facility, the state closed it in 2016 and transferred the juvenile prisoners to other facilities. Golden Memorial State Park is located east of the town. History Walnut Grove began as a European-American settlement in a nearby location, now referred to as "Old Walnut Grove". This area was developed as cotton plantations in the antebellum era. The town was incorporated in 1884. A post office was established in 1854, and in the early 1900s, electricity and street lights were installed. The Jackson and Eastern Railway was completed from Union, MS to Walnut Grove in 1923, and then extended to nearby Tuscola, Mississippi in 1925. The town was surveyed at its present location in 1923. Two canals were built near Walnut Grove in the late 1920s to improve transportation. Walnut Grove received a telephone franchise in 1927, and was connected to the Forest exchange. In 1962, a sewage and water system was installed, and in 1966, natural gas was installed. In 1970, the town organized and trained a volunteer fire department, though the first fire truck was not purchased until 1974. Walnut Grove's Marshall (Police Chief) Jake Trest, was murdered in 1979. His killer, Edward Earl Johnson, was executed in 1987. In 1981, William Grady Sims was elected as mayor of Walnut Grove and was repeatedly re-elected, serving until 2012. He was one of the longest-serving mayors in the state. By 2006 the town annexed the property of the Walnut Grove Youth Correctional Facility, which had been constructed nearby in the county in 2001. It added a large area and population of prisoners to the town. Because the facility was privately owned, although operated under contract to the state, it made payments to the city in lieu of taxes. In addition, the operating company appointed Sims as warden of the prison in 2009. The company's payments in lieu of taxes for the prison constituted 15% of the city's budget in 2011. State expansion of the prison population at this facility made it the largest youth facility in the nation. In 2009, Sims took a female prisoner to a nearby motel and raped her. He was convicted of charges and sentenced to seven months in confinement. Numerous investigations of conditions at the prison resulted in a class-action suit filed in 2010 in federal court against its management and the state. The federal government started a separate investigation by the Department of Justice. Sims resigned as warden. In 2011 he was indicted on two federal charges; in February 2012 he resigned as mayor under a federal plea agreement. In October 2011 he was ordered by the state auditor to pay "$31,530 for using city employees and equipment to work on private prisons in the area, including the one he ran." Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km), all land. Cityscape The community's town hall, post office, and library are in the central part of Walnut Grove. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 488 people, 215 households, and 127 families residing in the town. The population density was 610.2 people per square mile (235.5/km). There were 239 housing units at an average density of 298.9 per square mile (115.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 57.38% White, 40.78% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.20% Pacific Islander, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 215 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 20.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 3.00. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $21,719, and the median income for a family was $27,981. Males had a median income of $21,667 versus $26,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,851. About 25.2% of families and 29.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.1% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over. The 2006 population estimate had 1,424 residents; this dramatic increase is due to the annexation of the Walnut Grove Correctional Facility and its inmate population. The continued growth through estimates for 2016 largely represented additional inmate population. Economy Marco Apparel, a clothing manufacturer, opened in Walnut Grove in 1984. In 2001, it laid off more than 100 employees. The city was struggling to survive. In 2001, the privately owned Walnut Grove Youth Correctional Facility was opened in unincorporated county land after being constructed for private operation under contract with the state; it was designed for youth offenders of 18 and under in age. Originally it was considered a model facility. But the state kept raising the age of offenders who were incarcerated there, and some prisoners aged there, so the population included young men in their 20s as well as much younger youths. From 2003 to 2010, the prison was operated by Cornell Companies, which merged that year with GEO Group. The town annexed the prison property before 2006, thereby markedly increasing its population. The prisoners outnumbered town residents by a two to one ratio. In addition to hiring town residents as guards and staff, the prison paid the city substantial amounts in lieu of taxes, with payments making up 15% of the city's annual budget in 2011. The facility was subject of many state and federal investigations and was closed in September 2016. Government The Town of Walnut Grove has an alderman/mayor form of government, with the mayor voting in case of a tie. City government is made up of six elected aldermen from single-member districts, a mayor elected at-large, an elected municipal clerk, and an appointed police chief. The mayor is Brian Gomillion, elected in 2013, and the Board of Aldermen includes: Jerry Darby, Teresa Darby, Pamela Gill, Shantell Edwards, Cindy Jones, and Mike Johnson. Education The town is served by the Leake County School District: Leake County Elementary (K-6) Leake County High School (7-12) Notable people Homer Casteel, lieutenant governor of Mississippi 1920 to 1924 Sue Gunter, Olympic silver medalist and member of the Basketball Hall of Fame; former coach of the LSU Lady Tigers Ken Lewis, former CEO, President, and Chairman of the Bank of America Luther Riley, college basketball coach; grew up in Walnut Grove References External links Official website Towns in Leake County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122348

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guntown%2C%20Mississippi

Guntown, Mississippi

Guntown is a city in Lee County, Mississippi, located in the northern part of the Tupelo micropolitan area. The population was 2,083 at the 2010 Census. Etymology Guntown is named for Virginia Loyalist émigré James G. Gunn (d. 1826) who found asylum among the Chickasaws in present-day Lee County, Mississippi. History Union cavalry officers described Guntown as "a station and small village on the Mobile & Ohio road." The U.S. post office was established on April 13, 1866, marking the official launch of the service in Guntown. This was followed by incorporation on February 16, 1867, and appointment of the first Mayor that year. Geography Guntown is located along Mississippi Highway 145, with the older parts of the city lying further to the east near the railroad tracks. U.S. Route 45 traverses the western part of the city, running roughly parallel to MS 145. Baldwyn lies just to the north of Guntown, and Saltillo lies just to the south. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and 0.22% is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,410 people, 880 households, and 671 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,183 people, 443 households, and 337 families residing in the city. The population density was 261.1 people per square mile (100.8/km). There were 482 housing units at an average density of 106.4 per square mile (41.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 74.98% White, 24.18% African American, 0.34% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 0.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population. There were 443 households, out of which 45.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 21.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.12. In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,188, and the median income for a family was $29,783. Males had a median income of $27,868 versus $20,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,456. About 19.3% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.5% of those under age 18 and 17.9% of those age 65 or over. Education Guntown is served by the Lee County School District. See also Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site List of municipalities in Mississippi List of places named after people in the United States References External links Government General information Lee-Itawamba Library System 1867 establishments in Mississippi Cities in Lee County, Mississippi Cities in Mississippi Cities in Tupelo micropolitan area Populated places established in 1867

122349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantersville%2C%20Mississippi

Plantersville, Mississippi

Plantersville is a town in Lee County, Mississippi. The population was 1,155 at the 2010 census. Geography Plantersville is located at (34.211530, -88.663681). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.69% is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 868 people, 390 households, and 246 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,144 people, 416 households, and 301 families residing in the town. The population density was 792.7 people per square mile (306.7/km). There were 474 housing units at an average density of 328.4 per square mile (127.1/km). The racial makeup of the town was 55.33% White, 42.40% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.44% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.92% of the population. There were 416 households, out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.18. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males. The median income for a household in the town was $26,333, and the median income for a family was $32,237. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $20,069 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,852. About 19.9% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 25.8% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Plantersville is served by the Lee County School District. References Towns in Lee County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Towns in Tupelo micropolitan area

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltillo%2C%20Mississippi

Saltillo, Mississippi

Saltillo is a city in Lee County, Mississippi, located in the northern part of the Tupelo micropolitan area. The population was 4,752 at the 2010 Census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (0.23%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 4,922 people, 1,839 households, and 1,151 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 3,393 people, 1,361 households, and 974 families residing in the town. The population density was 389.5 people per square mile (150.4/km2). There were 1,453 housing units at an average density of 166.8 per square mile (64.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.93% White, 4.69% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population. There were 1,361 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.94. In the town the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $35,912, and the median income for a family was $44,018. Males had a median income of $33,333 versus $23,542 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,177. About 8.5% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age 65 or over. Education Saltillo is served by the Lee County School District. Notable people Steve Dillard (born 1951), American baseball player Tim Dillard (born 1983), American baseball player James Gilreath (1936–2003), American musician Merle Taylor (1927–1987), American musician Darryl Wilson (born 1974), American basketball player See also List of municipalities in Mississippi National Register of Historic Places listings in Lee County, Mississippi References External links Lee – Itawamba Library System at SirsiDynix 1870 establishments in Mississippi Cities in Lee County, Mississippi Cities in Mississippi Cities in Tupelo micropolitan area Populated places established in 1870

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%2C%20Mississippi

Shannon, Mississippi

Shannon is a town in Lee County, Mississippi. The population was 1,753 at the 2010 Census. Shannon is located on Mississippi Highway 145, west of U.S. Route 45. Chiwapa Creek flows south of the town. History The town is named for Samuel Shannon, who purchased land at that location from Chickasaw Chief Itawamba in the early 1800s, then built a cabin and a farm. More settlers arrived following the Treaty of Pontotoc, which ceding Chickasaw land in exchange for financial compensation. In the early 1800s, Constantine Shannon brought strawberry plants from Shannon to Plant City, Florida, enabling the creation of a multimillion-dollar industry in Plant City. A church was established in 1839. The original townsite was north of the present location, and was moved when the Mobile and Ohio Railroad was constructed through the community in the 1850s. Shannon was incorporated in 1860 and a post office was established. Shannon was originally part of Itawamba County, but became part of Lee county after that county formed in 1866. Commerce expanded in Shannon, and there was a corn elevator, grain elevator, and three cotton gins. Around 1915, Coca-Cola was bottled in Shannon. The old Francis Store, one of the town's original buildings, is now a restaurant owned by the Town of Shannon. Gay bar controversy From 1998 until 2007, Shannon was home to Rumors, the gay bar featured in the Kevin Smith/Malcolm Ingram film Small Town Gay Bar. In 2013, after a hiatus, local businesspeople tried to reopen the bar. The town refused. This refusal led to a lawsuit claiming the town had refused the application out of concern of having a gay bar in its jurisdiction. A message on the town's website reads: "we take pride in being on the quiet side of county with our relaxed country living where traditions of family, faith, and brotherly love make up who we are today." Geography Shannon is located at (34.116826, -88.701520). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,496 people, 700 households, and 416 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,657 people, 632 households, and 437 families residing in the town. The population density was 403.5 people per square mile (155.7/km). There were 691 housing units at an average density of 168.3 per square mile (64.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 44.42% White, 54.19% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.84% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.57% of the population. There were 632 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 23.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.18. In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.0% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $29,773, and the median income for a family was $30,848. Males had a median income of $25,313 versus $20,149 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,592. About 16.3% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.6% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over. Economy In 2005, General Atomics opened a $38 million manufacturing and test facility in Shannon. Much of the work at the facility is for the U.S. Navy, including advanced launch and recovery systems for aircraft carriers. The Natchez Trace Parkway RV Park is located in Shannon. Education The Town of Shannon is served by the Lee County School District. Notable people Cousins Bertha Barbee and Norma Barbee of The Velvelettes were born in Shannon. Guy Bush, professional baseball player; retired to Shannon. George Washington Forbes, co-founder of the Boston Guardian. References External links Town of Shannon Towns in Lee County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Towns in Tupelo micropolitan area 2013 in LGBT history

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupelo%2C%20Mississippi

Tupelo, Mississippi

Tupelo () is a city in, and the county seat of, Lee County, Mississippi, United States. With an estimated population of 38,300, Tupelo is the sixth-largest city in Mississippi and is considered a commercial, industrial, and cultural hub of North Mississippi. Tupelo was incorporated in 1866, although the area had earlier been settled as "Gum Pond" along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. On February 7, 1934, Tupelo became the first city to receive power from the Tennessee Valley Authority, thus giving it the nickname "The First TVA City". Much of the city was devastated by a major tornado in 1936 that still ranks as one of the deadliest tornadoes in American history. Following electrification, Tupelo boomed as a regional manufacturing and distribution center and was once considered a hub of the American furniture manufacturing industry. Although many of Tupelo's manufacturing industries have declined since the 1990s, the city has continued to grow due to strong healthcare, retail, and financial service industries. Tupelo is the smallest city in the United States that is the headquarters of more than one bank with over $10 billion in assets. Tupelo has a deep connection to Mississippi's music history, being known as the birthplace of Elvis Presley and Diplo as well as the origin of the group Rae Sremmurd. The city is home to multiple art and cultural institutions, including the Elvis Presley Birthplace and the 10,000-seat BancorpSouth Arena, the largest multipurpose indoor arena in Mississippi. Tupelo is the only city in the Southern United States to be named an All-America City five times, most recently in 2015. Its Main Street program, Downtown Tupelo Main Street Association, was the winner of the national Main Street's Great American Main Street Award in 2020. The Tupelo micropolitian area contains Lee, Itawamba, and Pontotoc counties and had a population of 140,081 in 2017. History European settlement Indigenous peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw, occupied the area prior to European settlement. The French and British traded with these indigenous peoples and tried to form alliances with them. The French established towns in Mississippi mostly on the Gulf Coast. At times, the European powers came into armed conflict. On May 26, 1736, the Battle of Ackia was fought near the site of present-day Tupelo; British and Chickasaw soldiers repelled a French and Choctaw attack on the then-Chickasaw village of Ackia. The French, under Louisiana governor Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, had sought to link Louisiana with Acadia and the other northern colonies of New France. In the early 19th century, after years of trading and encroachment by European-American settlers from the United States, conflicts increased as the US settlers tried to gain land from these nations. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and authorized the relocation of all the Southeast Native Americans west of the Mississippi River, which was completed by the end of the 1830s. In the early years of settlement, European-Americans named this town "Gum Pond", supposedly due to its numerous tupelo trees, known locally as "blackgum". The city still hosts the annual Gumtree Arts Festival. Civil War and post-war development During the Civil War, Union and Confederate forces fought in the area in 1864 in the Battle of Tupelo or battle of oldtown Creek. Designated the Tupelo National Battlefield, the battlefield is administered by the National Park Service (NPS). In addition, the Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield, about ten miles north, commemorates another American Civil War battle. After the war, a cross-state railroad for northern Mississippi was constructed through the town, which encouraged industry and growth. With expansion, the town changed its name to Tupelo, in honor of the battle. It was incorporated in 1870. 20th century to present By the early twentieth century the town had become a site of cotton textile mills, which provided new jobs for residents of the rural area. Under the state's segregation practices, the mills employed only white adults and children. Reformers documented the child workers and attempted to protect them through labor laws. The last known bank robbery by Machine Gun Kelly, a Prohibition-era gangster, took place on November 30, 1932, at the Citizen's State Bank in Tupelo; his gang netted $38,000 ($ in current dollar terms). After the robbery, the bank's chief teller said of Kelly, "He was the kind of guy that, if you looked at him, you would never thought he was a bank robber." During the Great Depression, Tupelo was electrified by the new Tennessee Valley Authority, which had constructed dams and power plants throughout the region to generate hydroelectric power for the large, rural area. The distribution infrastructure was built with federal assistance as well, employing many local workers. In 1935, President Franklin Roosevelt visited this "First TVA City". Tupelo had only 20 Jewish residents at the beginning of the Great Depression, out of 20,000 total residents. Temple B'nai Israel was established in Tupelo in 1939. The congregation first met in Tupelo City Hall. It later rented space on South Spring Street above the Fooks' Chevrolet dealership. In 1953, it moved to space over Biggs Furniture Store. A synagogue building was dedicated in 1957, with then-Mayor James Ballard giving the remarks. In 2007, the nearby village of Blue Springs was selected as the site for Toyota's 11th automobile manufacturing plant in the United States. In 2013 Gale Stauffer of the Tupelo Police Department died in a set up ambush following a bank robbery, possibly the first officer killed in the line of duty in the department's history. President Donald Trump visited the city of Tupelo twice, in 2018 and 2019. President Trump held a campaign rally for Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith on November 26, 2018, at the Tupelo Regional Airport. Nearly one year later, the president returned to Tupelo to hold another rally (this time for Governor Tate Reeves) on November 1, 2019, at the BancorpSouth Arena. These campaign rallies were broadcast on national television and received attention from news networks, such as CNN and Fox News. Severe weather The spring of 1936 brought Tupelo one of its worst-ever natural disasters, part of the Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak of April 5–6 in that year. The storm leveled 48 city blocks and over 200 homes, killing 216 people and injuring more than 700 persons. It struck at night, destroying large residential areas on the city's north side. Among the survivors was Elvis Presley, then a baby. Obliterating the Gum Pond neighborhood, the tornado dropped most of the victims' bodies in the pond. The storm has since been rated F5 on the Fujita scale. The Tupelo Tornado is recognized as one of the deadliest in U.S. history. The Mississippi State Geologist estimated a final death toll of 233 persons, but 100 whites were still reported as hospitalized at the time. Because the white newspapers did not publish news about blacks until the 1940s and 1950s, historians have had difficulty learning the fates of blacks injured in the tornado. Based on this, historians now estimate the death toll was higher than in official records. Fire broke out at the segregated Lee County Training School, which was destroyed. Its bricks were salvaged for other uses. The area is subject to tornadoes. On May 8, 2008, one rated an EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale struck the town. On April 28, 2014, another large EF3 tornado struck Tupelo and the surrounding communities, causing significant damage. On the night of May 2, 2021, two EF1 tornadoes formed near town with the second being a large tornado that directly struck the northwest side of downtown, prompting a tornado emergency to be issued by the National Weather Service. Geography Tupelo is located in northeast Mississippi, north of Columbus, on Interstate 22 and U.S. Route 78, midway between Memphis, Tennessee (northwest) and Birmingham, Alabama (southeast). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.62%) is water. Climate Like the rest of the state, Tupelo has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification); it is part of USDA hardiness zone 7b. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from in January to in July, while, on average, there are 3.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing, 55 days with a low at or below freezing, and 67 days with a high at or above per year. The all-time record low is , set on January 27, 1940, while the all-time record high is , set on July 29, 1930. However, temperatures at or below are rare, having last occurred December 23, 1989, the date of the all-time record low for December; additionally, while highs can reach several days a row during severe heat waves, several years may pass between such readings. Precipitation is high, averaging annually. On average, December is the single wettest month, and February through May are also especially wet; September and October are the driest months. The rainiest calendar day on record is March 21, 1955 when of rain fell; monthly precipitation has ranged from trace amounts in August 1983 to in December 1982. Snow is uncommon, with many years receiving trace amounts or no snowfall at all, and normal (1981–2010) winter snowfall stands at . The most snow in one calendar day was on January 24, 1940, contributing to the that fell that month, the snowiest on record; the snowiest winter was 1935–36 with . Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 37,923 people, 14,751 households, and 9,648 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 35,456 people, 13,602 households, and 8,965 families residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 58.7% White, 36.8% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. 3.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2007-2011 ACS According to the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, there were 13,395 households, 42.8% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.5% had a female householder with no husband present. 32.2% were non-family households, with 28.4% had a householder living alone and 3.8% having a householder not living alone. In addition, 39.7% of householders were living with related children under 18 and 60.3% with no related children under 18. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08. The median income for a household in the city was $39,415. The poverty rate was 20%. Economy Historically, Tupelo served as a regional transportation hub, primarily due to its location at a railroad intersection. More recently, it has developed as strong tourism and hospitality sector based around the Elvis Presley birthplace and Natchez Trace. The city has also been successful at attracting manufacturing, retail and distribution operations (see 'Industry' section below). Industry Tupelo is the headquarters of the North Mississippi Medical Center, the largest non-metropolitan hospital in the United States. It serves people in North Mississippi, northwest Alabama, and portions of Tennessee. The medical center was a winner of the prestigious Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in 2006 and 2012. The headquarters of two large banking institutions are located here: BancorpSouth, with approximately nearly $18 billion in assets (2019), and Renasant Bank, with assets of more than $12.7 billion (2019). Tupelo is the smallest U.S. city that hosts the headquarters of more than one bank with over $10 billion in assets. The city is a five-time "All-America City Award" winner. In 1963, Ralph J. Roberts, along with Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky purchased American Cable Systems, a small cable operator in Tupelo. American Cable was re-incorporated in Pennsylvania as Comcast. It has a large furniture manufacturing industry. The journalist Dennis Seid noted that furniture manufacturing in Northeast Mississippi, "provid[ed] some 22,000 jobs, or almost 13% of the region's employment... with a $732 million annual payroll... producing $2.25 billion worth of goods." Tecumseh, Heritage Home Group, Hancock Fabrics, Inc., Magnolia Fabrics, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi, H.M. Richards, JESCO Construction, MTD Products, Savings Oil Company (Dodge's Stores), and Cooper Tire & Rubber Company all operate or are headquartered in Tupelo and Lee County. Renin Corporation, a subsidiary of BBX Capital Corporation, operates a production centre in Tupelo which employed 50 but an expansion in 2017 expected to increase staffing to 100. Arts and culture The Tupelo Buffalo Park and Zoo is home to a large American bison herd, as well as exotic animals like Emu, Pythons, and Zedonks. It is the headquarters of the historic Natchez Trace Parkway, which connects Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. The parkway follows the route of the ancient Natchez Trace trail, a path used by indigenous peoples long before the Europeans came to the area. Nearby are the Pharr Mounds, an important Middle Woodland period complex of nearly 2000-year-old burial earthworks, dating from 1 to 200 AD. Civil War sites include Tupelo or the battle of oldtown creek and Brices Cross Roads national battlefields. The Tupelo Automobile Museum was one of the largest of its type in North America. In 2003, it was designated as the official automobile museum of the state. It housed more than 150 rare automobiles, all from the personal collection of Frank K. Spain, who founded the channel WTVA. Unfortunately the museum closed in March 2019 and the cars were auctioned off the following month. Since its founding in 1969, the Tupelo Community Theatre has produced more than 200 works. In 2001 and 2004, it won awards at the Mississippi Theatre Association's Community Theatre festival. In 2004 its production of Bel Canto won at the Southeastern Theatre Conference. TCT's home is the historic Lyric Theatre, built in 1912. The Tupelo Symphony Orchestra's season runs from September–April with concerts held at the Tupelo Civic Auditorium. The symphony's free annual July 4 outdoor concert at Ballard Park draws thousands of fans. In 2005, the Rotary Club sponsored a commission for a statue to honor Chief Piomingo, a leader of the Chickasaw people who had occupied this area. It was erected in front of the new Tupelo City Hall. The Oren Dunn City Museum tells the Story of Community Building through permanent exhibits and a collection of historic structures. The Special Exhibit Gallery provides a venue for a variety of traveling and temporary shows throughout the year. In June 1956, Elvis Presley returned to Tupelo for a concert at the Mississippi-Alabama State Fair & Dairy Show. This event was recreated at the eighth "Elvis Presley Festival" in Tupelo on June 3, 2006. The fairgrounds is part of Tupelo's Fairpark District. The documentary film The Homecoming: Tupelo Welcomes Elvis Home premiered at the 2006 festival. Tupelo is serviced by the Lee-Itawamba Library System. The Lee County Library, located in downtown Tupelo, has an annual lecture series featuring nationally known authors. In addition to the annual lecture series, the Lee County Library features a Mississippi room dedicated to genealogy research. Built in 1937, the Church Street Elementary School (for white students in the segregated system) was hailed as one of the most outstanding designs of its time. A scale model of this Art Moderne structure, described as "the ideal elementary school", was displayed at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The BancorpSouth Arena opened in 1993 and is a venue for large events. Government Tupelo's current mayor is Todd Jordan. The Tupelo Council is made up of seven representatives, each elected from single-member districts. They annually elect the president of the council on a rotating basis. In 2021, the President of the Tupelo City Council is Mike Bryan. Other council members are Markel Whittington, Buddy Palmer, Willie Jennings, Lynn Bryan, Travis Beard, and Nettie Davis. Education Tupelo schools are served by the Tupelo Public School District. It participates in the Chromebook Distribution Policy, which means students in grades 6 to 12 are each given a school-owned Google Chromebook to use during the school year. In 2008, Sports Illustrated ranked the high school athletic department as the third-best high school athletic program in the nation. Tupelo High School is the largest public high school in Mississippi with a total of 1,931 students enrolled during the 2018–2019 school year. For post-secondary education, the city has satellite campuses of the University of Mississippi, Itawamba Community College, and the Mississippi University for Women. Media The local daily newspaper is the Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. Tupelo is also served by the weekly Lee County Courier. Tupelo is home to three television stations serving the 133rd-ranked designated market area among 210 markets nationwide as determined by Nielsen Media Research: WTVA (9), an NBC and ABC affiliate; and WLOV (27), a Fox affiliate. Both stations are located on Beech Springs Road and were controlled by Frank K. Spain until his death on April 25, 2006. The Christian fundamentalist American Family Association is located in Tupelo, and operates the national American Family Radio network and the OneNewsNow news service. Infrastructure Transportation Rail Until the late 1950s long-distance trains served Tupelo. These included the Gulf, Mobile & Ohio's Gulf Coast Rebel and the Frisco Railroad's Kansas City-Florida Special and its Sunnyland. Roads U.S. Route 45, U.S. Route 78, U.S. Route 278, and Natchez Trace Parkway run through Tupelo; Interstate 22 runs north of the city on an east–west route. Air The city is served by Tupelo Regional Airport, with service on Contour Airlines. Notable people See also List of municipalities in Mississippi National Register of Historic Places listings in Lee County, Mississippi Tupelo Regional Airport References Notes Citations External links 1870 establishments in Mississippi Cities in Lee County, Mississippi Cities in Mississippi Cities in Tupelo micropolitan area County seats in Mississippi Planned cities in the United States Populated places established in 1870

122353

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona%2C%20Mississippi

Verona, Mississippi

Verona is a city in Lee County, Mississippi. The population was 3,006 at the 2010 census, down from 3,334 at the 2000 census. Geography Verona is located at (34.188350, -88.718083). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.80%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,792 people, 1,282 households, and 636 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 3,334 people, 1,276 households, and 831 families residing in the city. The population density was 891.4 people per square mile (344.2/km2). There were 1,472 housing units at an average density of 393.6 per square mile (152.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 38.78% White, 57.68% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 1.65% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.22% of the population. There were 1,276 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.22. In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,117, and the median income for a family was $30,255. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $18,305 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,092. About 18.5% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.9% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over. Education Verona is served by the Lee County School District. References Cities in Mississippi Cities in Lee County, Mississippi Cities in Tupelo micropolitan area

122354

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itta%20Bena%2C%20Mississippi

Itta Bena, Mississippi

Itta Bena is a city in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 2,049 at the 2010 census. The town's name is derived from the Choctaw phrase iti bina, meaning "forest camp". Itta Bena is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. It developed as a trading center of an area of cotton plantations. History Early history The indigenous Choctaw Indians occupied the Delta region for hundreds of years prior to the arrival of European settlers, with ancestors stretching thousands of years into the past. The first removal treaty carried out under the Indian Removal Act was the 1830 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, by which the Choctaw ceded about 11 million acres of the Choctaw Nation (now Mississippi) to the United States in exchange for about 15 million acres in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Benjamin Grubb Humphreys, a state senator from Claiborne County, Mississippi, is credited with the founding of Itta Bena. Following several crop failures in the 1850s at his home in Claiborne County, Humphreys took a trip by river steamer up into the Yazoo wilderness to look for a new farming opportunity in the former Choctaw area. He found such an opportunity on Roebuck Lake, a stretch of old channel that the river had discarded a few miles west of Greenwood, in what was then Sunflower County. Bringing a group of slaves up from his plantations during the winter, when boats could use high water to pass from the Yazoo into Roebuck, he directed them in clearing timber and brush from the overgrown bottomland to develop agricultural fields for cultivation of cotton. Longtime Claiborne County friends became interested in his project, and others began to acquire land in the area two years later. Humphreys had established a permanent winter residence, "Lucknow", in Claiborne County. He did not bring his family to his Itta Bena plantation until slaves had completed construction of a substantial home in 1857, which he christened as Itta Bena, the Choctaw words for "camp in the woods". It was built from lumber from the land of the plantation, logs which were plastered and painted. The earliest substantial home built in the frontier Yazoo country, it was the center of the plantation’s many hundred acres. The main portion of the original Humphreys home was still used as a residence in 1954 (thought to be the home of Dr. B. B. Harper on Lakeshore Street). Following the Civil War, Humphreys was elected as governor of Mississippi. As other settlers moved into the area, the village that grew up around the plantation was also called Itta Bena. Planters used the Yazoo River to ship cotton downriver, ultimately to New Orleans for transport to markets in the United States and Great Britain. Cotton continued as the commodity crop and the source of local wealth after the American Civil War. Construction of the Columbus and Greenville Railway, begun in 1888 and serving the village, stimulated trade and growth. Among the first to build stores were J. B. Humphreys, P. Cohen, and Uriah Ray. The first store was operated by H. M. Weber and a man named Long. The town’s first school, a one-room building only for white students, was built in 1888 and Emma Cross served as the first teacher. 20th century to present Development of the growing city continued in the early 20th century. The first high school was erected in 1905, across from the present-day First Baptist Church. The post office in Itta Bena was opened in 1918. The white minority dominated politics and the economy, as the state legislature essentially disenfranchised blacks by the constitution of 1890. Working as sharecroppers and tenant farmers, they had difficulty getting ahead in the agricultural economy. During the 20th century, many left the county for work in industrial cities of the north and midwest, in the Great Migration. On a march in 1966 between Itta Bena and nearby Greenwood, coordinated by the SNCC but led by Martin Luther King Jr., Stokely Carmichael coined the rallying phrase "Black power!". Byron De La Beckwith, widely known at that time as the murderer of Medgar Evers (although he had been acquitted of charges), drove his truck by the marchers three times while the local police looked on. The city reached its peak of population in 1980. Population has declined since then, reflecting limited opportunities in the rural region. The population has decreased more markedly in the county outside the city, as agricultural jobs have been reduced. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (2.72%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 1,679 people, 605 households, and 392 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,049 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% Black, 10.1% White, <0.1% Native American and 0.1% from two or more races. 0.5% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,208 people, 763 households, and 559 families living in the city. The population density was 1,541.5 people per square mile (596.2/km2). There were 797 housing units at an average density of 556.4 per square mile (215.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.34% African American, 18.16% White, 0.23% Asian, and 0.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population. There were 763 households, of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.6% were married couples living together, 35.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.43. In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.3% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $20,968, and the median income for a family was $24,271. Males had a median income of $21,917 versus $16,136 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,132. About 29.5% of families and 34.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.1% of those under age 18 and 33.1% of those age 65 or over. Education Mississippi Valley State University is located northwest of Itta Bena in unincorporated Leflore County. It was the state of Mississippi's black vocational college before educational segregation ended. Jerry Rice, widely considered one of the greatest American football receivers of all time, spent his college days playing for the university's team. The Delta Devils play at Itta Bena's 10,000-seat Rice–Totten Stadium. The City of Itta Bena is served by the Greenwood-Leflore Consolidated School District. Public schools in Itta Bena include Leflore County Elementary School and Leflore County High School. It was previously in the Leflore County School District. Effective July 1, 2019 this district consolidated into the Greenwood-Leflore School District. Notable people Smoky Babe, blues musician. Marion Barry, civil rights activist, city councilman and former mayor of Washington, D.C. James Bevel, civil rights activist. Robert "Big Mojo" Elem, Chicago blues bass guitarist and singer. Katie Hall, U.S. Representative from Indiana; attended Mississippi Valley State University in Itta Bena. Luther "Guitar Junior" Johnson, blues musician. B.B. King, blues musician was born near Itta Bena in 1925. Lewis Nordan, author grew up in Itta Bena. Robert Petway, delta blues musician was possibly born here in 1903 Pervis Spann, broadcaster and music promoter. External links Itta Bena Official Website References Cities in Mississippi Cities in Leflore County, Mississippi Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area

122355

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%20City%2C%20Mississippi

Morgan City, Mississippi

Morgan City is a town in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States, along Mississippi Highway 7. The population was 255 at the 2010 census, down from 305 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. Geography Morgan City is located in southern Leflore County at (33.379637, -90.349713). Via Highway 7 it is south of Itta Bena and northeast of Belzoni. Greenwood, the Leflore county seat, is to the northeast of Morgan City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. The town is northwest of the Yazoo River. Leflore County is part of the Mississippi Delta region. Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 255 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 79.6% Black, 18.8% White and 1.6% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 305 people, 98 households, and 77 families living in the town. The population density was 530.7 people per square mile (206.6/km2). There were 101 housing units at an average density of 175.7 per square mile (68.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 16.39% White, 83.28% African American and 0.33% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.95% of the population. There were 98 households, out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.7% were married couples living together, 40.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.56. In the town, the population was spread out, with 36.1% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 15.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.6 males. The median income for a household in the town was $19,219, and the median income for a family was $17,917. Males had a median income of $20,375 versus $13,929 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,465. About 33.8% of families and 42.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 50.0% of those 65 or over. Notable person Stewart Patridge, Conerly Trophy winning quarterback from the University of Mississippi Education It is in the Greenwood-Leflore School District. The town was served by the Leflore County School District. Effective July 1, 2019 this district consolidated into the Greenwood-Leflore School District. Musical significance Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church, founded in 1909 in the "Shellmound" area on the eastern edge of Morgan City, is the site of a large memorial marker (cenotaph) to blues legend Robert Johnson which was placed by the Mt. Zion Memorial Fund through a major grant from Columbia Records and a number of smaller grants from organizations and individuals across the United States. The site now appears on numerous tour itineraries and is promoted by Leflore County. References Towns in Leflore County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area

122356

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlater%2C%20Mississippi

Schlater, Mississippi

Schlater is a town in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 310 at the 2010 census, down from 388 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. Geography Schlater is located in northwestern Leflore County at (33.640156, -90.347246). Mississippi Highway 442 passes through the town, leading east to U.S. Route 49E and west to Doddsville and U.S. Route 49W. Via US-49E Schlater is northwest of Greenwood, the Leflore county seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it recorded as land. McNutt Lake is a narrow waterway that passes through the town, connecting Ashland Brake to the east with the Quiver River to the west, part of the Yazoo River watershed. Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 310 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 68.7% Black, 29.0% White and 1.0% from two or more races. 1.3% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 388 people, 141 households, and 105 families living in the town. The population density was 332.8 people per square mile (128.0/km). There were 150 housing units at an average density of 128.7 per square mile (49.5/km). The racial makeup of the town was 38.92% White, 60.57% African American and 0.52% Asian. There were 141 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 22.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.29. In the town, the population was spread out, with 32.2% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $23,816, and the median income for a family was $25,000. Males had a median income of $21,667 versus $13,571 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,022. About 34.9% of families and 44.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 65.0% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over. Education It is in the Greenwood-Leflore School District. The town was served by the Leflore County School District. Effective July 1, 2019 this district consolidated into the Greenwood-Leflore School District. Notable people Means Johnston, Jr., admiral in the United States Navy Ben Jones, race car driver Woodrow Stanley, Michigan state politician References Towns in Leflore County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area

122357

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon%2C%20Mississippi

Sidon, Mississippi

Sidon is a town in Leflore County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 509 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area. Geography Sidon is located at (33.408096, -90.208813). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 509 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 93.7% Black, 5.1% White, 0.2% Asian and 0.2% from two or more races. 0.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 672 people, 215 households, and 158 families living in the town. The population density was 5,394.7 people per square mile (2,162.2/km). There were 220 housing units at an average density of 1,766.1 per square mile (707.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 14.88% White, 83.33% African American, 0.89% Asian, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population. There were 215 households, out of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.6% were married couples living together, 35.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.75. In the town, the population was spread out, with 41.4% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 11.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $15,435, and the median income for a family was $14,286. Males had a median income of $28,625 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the town was $6,629. About 48.1% of families and 56.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 75.3% of those under age 18 and 22.2% of those age 65 or over. Education It is in the Greenwood-Leflore School District. Claudine Brown Elementary School is about north of Sidon. Residents are zoned to Amanda Elzy High School. The town was formerly served by the Leflore County School District. Effective July 1, 2019 this district consolidated into the Greenwood-Leflore School District. Notable people Edwards Barham, Louisiana state senator Edwin R. Holmes, federal judge Denise LaSalle, singer Viola B. Sanders, Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel for Women Frank E. Smith, U.S. congressman Gallery References Towns in Leflore County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area

122358

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artesia%2C%20Mississippi

Artesia, Mississippi

Artesia is a town in Lowndes County, Mississippi. The population was 440 at the 2010 census. History Artesia was originally Artesia Junction, a junction point on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. During the railroad's construction in the 1850s, an offer was made to the towns of Columbus and Aberdeen to route the railroad through the towns, but both towns refused. Columbus reconsidered a few months later; but by that time, the railway had already chosen a route well to the west of the town. However, the railroad did extend a spur line in order to serve Columbus, and that spur line joins the main line at the site of present-day Artesia. Artesia was the site of a voter suppression incident in 1876 in which a group of heavily armed white men from Starkville came to intimidate black voters in the Republican Club. Federal troops were called to intervene, which enraged many whites, who depicted the event as a negro riot. The name originates from a cluster of artesian wells that were found in the area. Geography Artesia is located at (33.416077, -88.645249). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 1.33% is water. Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 440 people living in the town. 84.5% were African American, 13.0% White, 1.1% Asian, 0.2% from some other race and 1.1% of two or more races. 0.5% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 498 people, 176 households, and 124 families living in the town. The population density was 671.8 people per square mile (259.8/km2). There were 196 housing units at an average density of 264.4 per square mile (102.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 79.32% African American, 19.88% White, 0.20% Asian, 0.40% Pacific Islander, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population. There were 176 households, out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 30.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.50. In the town, the population was spread out, with 33.7% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $18,438, and the median income for a family was $21,429. Males had a median income of $20,000 versus $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,716. About 42.2% of families and 43.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 60.0% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Artesia is served by the Lowndes County School District. References Towns in Lowndes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122359

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia%2C%20Mississippi

Caledonia, Mississippi

Caledonia is a town in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States, northeast of Columbus. The population was 1,041 at the 2010 census. History Caledonia was originally known as Yeggerstown, named after the abundant number of Yeggers (now Eggers) who settled there in the 1830s. According to the Caledonia Public Library, the town was renamed by one of the Yeggers who saw a blonde girl he aspired to romance named Caledonia. Former mayors of Caledonia include George Gerhart, Don Myers, and Walton O. Willis. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.35% is water. Climate <div style="width:75%"> </div style> Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,041 people living in the town. 92.7% were White, 4.0% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from some other race and 1.6% of two or more races. 2.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,015 people, 365 households, and 287 families living in the town. The population density was 360.4 people per square mile (139.0/km2). There were 395 housing units at an average density of 140.3 per square mile (54.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.19% White. 3.94% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population. In 2012, there were 1,030 people. In 2014, there were 1,041 people. There were 365 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.17. In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $41,071, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $32,159 versus $22,051 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,798. About 3.3% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 23.8% of those age 65 or over. Schools The Town of Caledonia is served by the Lowndes County School District. It is home to Caledonia Elementary School, consisting of grades K-5, Caledonia Middle School, grades 6-8, and Caledonia High school, grades 9-12, together are called Caledonia School. The current high school building opened August 1986 after the passage of a county bond issue in November 1984. The new building replaced the historic auditorium that burned down in 1982. The elementary is the first level 5 school in the district. The school's nickname is the Confederates or Feds and the school colors are cardinal red and white. The school along with Amory school district are the best school districts in North Mississippi. Caledonia offers more Advanced Placement classes than Columbus, West Lowndes, or New Hope schools. The high school was heavily damaged by a tornado on January 10, 2008. The part of the school that was hit has now been rebuilt. The school has rebuilt the vo-tech center and has gotten a new middle school gym. References Towns in Lowndes County, Mississippi Towns in Monroe County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122360

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%2C%20Mississippi

Columbus, Mississippi

Columbus is a city in and the county seat of Lowndes County, on the eastern border of Mississippi, United States, located primarily east, but also north and northeast of the Tombigbee River, which is also part of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. It is approximately northeast of Jackson, north of Meridian, south of Tupelo, northwest of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and west of Birmingham, Alabama. The population was 25,944 at the 2000 census and 23,640 in 2010. The population in 2019 was estimated to be 23,573. Columbus is the principal city of the Columbus Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Columbus-West Point Combined Statistical Area. Columbus is also part of the area of Mississippi called The Golden Triangle, consisting of Columbus, West Point and Starkville, in the counties of Lowndes, Clay and Oktibbeha. History The first record of the site of Columbus in Western history is found in the annals of the explorer Hernando de Soto, who is reputed to have crossed the nearby Tombigbee River on his search for El Dorado. However, the site does not enter the main continuity of United States history until December 1810, when John Pitchlynn, the U.S. Indian agent and interpreter for the Choctaw Nation, moved to Plymouth Bluff, where he built a home, established a farm, and transacted Choctaw Agency business. After the Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson recognized the urgent need for roads to connect New Orleans to the rest of the country. In 1817 Jackson ordered a road be built to provide a direct route from Nashville to New Orleans. His surveyor, Captain Hugh Young, chose a place on the Tombigbee River where high ground approached the river on both sides as the location for a ferry to be used for crossing the river when high water prevented fording the river. A military bridge was constructed where the present-day Tombigbee Bridge was later developed in Columbus, Mississippi. Jackson's Military Road opened the way for development in the area. Founding Columbus was founded in 1819, and, as it was believed to be in Alabama, it was first officially recognized by an Alabama Legislative act as the Town of Columbus on December 6, 1819. Before its incorporation, the town site was referred to informally as Possum Town, a name which was given by the local Native Americans, who were primarily Choctaw and Chickasaw. The name Possum Town remains the town's nickname among locals. The town was settled where Jackson's Military Road crossed the Tombigbee River 4 miles south of John Pitchlynn's residence at Plymouth Bluff. In 1820 the post office that had been at Pitchlynn's relocated in Columbus. Pitchlynn's which had been settled in 1810 became the town of Plymouth in 1836 and is now the location of an environmental center for Mississippi University for Women. Silas McBee suggested the name Columbus; in return, a small local creek was named after him. The city's founders soon established a school known as Franklin Academy. It continues to operate and is known as Mississippi's first public school. The territorial boundary of Mississippi and Alabama had to be corrected as, a year earlier, Franklin Academy was indicated as being in Alabama. In fact, during its early post-Mississippi-founding history, the city of Columbus was still referred to as Columbus, Alabama. Civil War and aftermath During the American Civil War, Columbus was a hospital town. Its arsenal manufactured gunpowder, handguns and a few cannons. Because of this, the Union ordered the invasion of Columbus, but was stopped by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest. This is substantiated in the book The Battle of West Point: Confederate Triumph at Ellis Bridge by John McBride. Many of the casualties from the Battle of Shiloh were brought to Columbus. Thousands were eventually buried in the town's Friendship Cemetery. One of the hospitals was located at Annunciation Catholic Church, built in 1863 and still operating in the 21st century. The decision of a group of ladies to decorate the Union and Confederate graves with flowers together on April 25, 1866, is an early example of what became known as Memorial Day. A poet, Francis Miles Finch, read about it in the New York newspapers and commemorated the occasion with the poem "The Blue and the Grey". Bellware and Gardiner noted this observance of the holiday in The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday in America (2014). They recognized the events in Columbus as the earliest manifestation of an annual spring holiday to decorate the grave of Southern soldiers. While the call was to celebrate on April 26, several newspapers reported that the day was the 25th, in error. As a result of Forrest preventing the Union Army from reaching Columbus, its antebellum homes were spared from being burned or destroyed, making its collection second only to Natchez as the most extensive in Mississippi. These antebellum homes may be toured during the annual Pilgrimage, in which the Columbus residences open their homes to tourists from around the country. When Union troops approached Jackson, the state capital was briefly moved to Columbus before moving to a more permanent home in Macon. During the war, Columbus attorney Jacob H. Sharp served as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army. After the war, he owned the Columbus Independent newspaper. He was elected to two terms in the State House, serving four years representing the district in the Mississippi House of Representatives. WPA mural The mural Out of the Soil was completed in 1939 for the Columbus post office by WPA Section of Painting and Sculpture artist Bealah Betterworth. Murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through "the Section" of the U.S. Treasury Department. 20th century Columbus has hosted Columbus Air Force Base (CAFB) since World War II. CAFB was founded as a flight training school. After a stint in the 1950s and 1960s as a Strategic Air Command (SAC) base (earning Columbus a spot in Soviet Union target lists), CAFB returned to its original role. Today, it is one of only four basic Air Force flight training bases in the United States, and prized as the only one where regular flight conditions may be experienced. Despite this, CAFB has repeatedly hung in the balance during Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) hearings. Columbus boasted a number of industries during the mid-20th century, including the world's largest toilet seat manufacturer, Sanderson Plumbing Products, and major mattress, furniture and textile plants. Most of these had closed by 2000. A series of new plants at the Golden Triangle Regional Airport, including the Severstal mill, the American Eurocopter factory, the Paccar engine plant and the Aurora Flight Sciences facility, are revitalizing the local economy. Recent history On June 12, 1990, a fireworks factory in Columbus exploded, detonating a blast felt as far as 30 miles away from Columbus. Two workers were killed in the blast. On February 16, 2001, straightline winds measured at 74 miles per hour destroyed many homes and trees but resulted in no fatalities. The city was declared a federal disaster area the next day by President George W. Bush. In November 2002, a tornado hit Columbus and caused more damage to the city, including the Mississippi University for Women. In 2010, Columbus won a Great American Main Street Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation. In February 2019, Columbus took a direct hit from an EF-3 tornado that caused devastating damage to homes and businesses and killed one woman after a structure fell on her. Geography The city is located approximately 10 mi (16 km) west of the Mississippi-Alabama state line along U.S. Route 82, U.S. Route 45, and numerous state highways. US 82 leads southeast 29 mi (47 km) to Reform, Alabama and west 25 mi (40 km) to Starkville. US 45 leads south 32 mi (51 km) to Macon and north 28 mi (45 km) to Aberdeen. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.3 square miles (57.8 square kilometers), of which 21.4 square miles (55.5 square kilometers) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 square kilometers) is water. Large lakes and rivers are nearby, such as the Buttahatchee River in northern Lowndes County that defines the border between Lowndes and Monroe counties; in the middle of the City of Columbus and Lowndes County lies the Luxapallila Creek, and the Tombigbee River with the John C. Stennis Lock and Dam impounding Columbus Lake. Columbus is a relatively flat place in the northern part of Lowndes County, as the land rises for a short period of time into hills and bluffs, in the southern/eastern part of the county, the land has rolling hills that quickly turn into flatland floodplains that dominate this county. This county lies in the Black Prairie Geographic Region, and the Northeastern Hills Region of the state/area. Prairies, forests and floodplain forests lie here. The soil quality is poor in the eastern part of the county, otherwise the soil is relatively fertile. Columbus and the surrounding areas are listed as an Arbor Day Hardiness Zone 8a ( to ); note that temperatures in 2010 reached , but the USDA Hardiness Zones list the area as zone 7b ( to ). Climate Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 24,084 people, 9,572 households, and 5,348 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 23,640 people living in the city. 60.0% were African American, 37.4% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from some other race, and 1.1% of two or more races. 1.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census Columbus' population has grown steadily since the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1900, 6,484 people lived in Columbus; in 1910, 8,988; in 1920, 10,501; and in 1940, 13,645. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,944 people, 10,062 households, and 6,419 families living in the city. The population density was 1,211.5 people per square mile (467.6/km2). There were 11,112 housing units at an average density of 518.9 per square mile (200.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 43.62% White, 54.41% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population. There were 10,062 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,393, and the median income for a family was $37,068. Males had a median income of $30,773 versus $20,182 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,848. Economy Major Employers: Columbus Air Force Base. Baptist Memorial Hospital - Golden Triangle. Mississippi University for Women. Columbus Municipal School District. Lowndes County School District. International Paper Columbus Mill and Columbus Modified Fiber. Steel Dynamics, Inc. (steel manufacturer). Paccar (diesel engines). American Eurocopter (military aircraft). Baldor (electric motors). AkzoNobel / Eka Chemicals (sodium chlorate). Aurora Flight Sciences (unmanned defense systems). Stark Aerospace (unmanned defense systems). Columbus / Nammo-Talley (defense systems). Valmet (paper machine rolls and roll covers). Arts and culture Columbus is the birthplace of playwright Tennessee Williams, whose grandfather was the priest of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Williams was born in the rectory on Main Street , which is now the Tennessee Williams Home Museum and Welcome Center. Education Columbus is home to a state university, the Mississippi University for Women. The MUW campus is also home to the Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science, a state-funded public boarding school for academically gifted high school juniors and seniors. The city's public high school (under the Columbus Municipal School District) is Columbus High School, located in the eastern part of town. It is the largest high school in the city and fifth largest in the state, enrolling approximately 1370 students. Columbus High School was formed by the merger of the city's two previous high schools, Stephen D. Lee High School and Caldwell High School; the schools were merged in 1992 and the campuses in 1997. Columbus is also home to the oldest public elementary school in Mississippi, Franklin Academy Elementary, founded in 1821. Desegregated in 1970, Lee High School received a state award for the high school with the best race relations. Prior to desegregation, the school formed a race relations committee consisting of black and white students who could discuss issues and determine how to handle certain situations. For instance, the students decided to have both white and black homecoming courts so as to prevent sides being taken along racial lines. However, black students were allowed to vote for the white homecoming court and vice versa. The school went undefeated in football in 1970, which helped unite the student body. Students were ranked based on achievement score tests and divided into three groups, in order to allow each group to learn at their own pace. This practice was in place prior to integration. It was continued after integration for a period, but such tracking was later ruled to be unconstitutional by a Federal court, because it was based on biased testing. It did not take into account differences in preparation in earlier grades. The Lowndes County School District operates three high schools—Caledonia, New Hope, and West Lowndes—fed by similarly named elementary and middle schools. Columbus has several private schools, including: Columbus Christian Academy, formerly Immanuel Christian School (K-3 through 12) Heritage Academy (Christian, K-12) Annunciation Catholic School (Catholic, K-8) Victory Christian Academy (Christian, K-12) Palmer Home for Children (orphanage) Media Columbus' city newspapers are the daily (except Saturdays) Commercial Dispatch, the weekly (Thursdays) Columbus Packet and the internet-only paper, Real Media (formerly The Real Story). One television station, WCBI-TV 4, the CBS affiliate, is located in the city's historic downtown area; it broadcasts CW and MyNetworkTV programming on digital subchannels. Two magazines are published in Columbus: The New Power Magazine, a regional urban magazine, and Columbus Fire and Rescue Magazine. Columbus is also served by television stations from the Columbus / Tupelo / West Point DMA, ranked No. 133 nationally. These include NBC affiliate WTVA 9, its DT2 subchannel which is the market's ABC affiliate, and Fox affiliate WLOV-TV 27. Radio Stations include: 103.1 Sports Talk/ESPN Radio 94.1 Top 40 99.9 Rock 92.1 Hip-Hop & R&B 100.9 Talk Radio (Supertalk Mississippi) 93.3 Easy Listening/Top 40 104.5 Christian radio/KLOVE Infrastructure Transportation Columbus lies on U.S. Highways 82 and 45. It is also served by state routes 12, 50, 69, and 182. Columbus is the eastern terminus of the Columbus and Greenville Railway; it is also served by the BNSF Railway (on the original right-of-way of the St. Louis - San Francisco Railway), the Norfolk Southern, and the Alabama Southern Railroad (using the original right-of-way of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad). The local airport is Golden Triangle Regional Airport. The airport currently has three flights a day to Atlanta. The city is located on the east bank of the Tombigbee River and the associated Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. Columbus Lake, formed by the John C. Stennis Lock and Dam, is approximately two miles north of downtown. The Luxapalila Creek runs through the town, separating East Columbus from Columbus proper (both are within city limits). The Lux, as it is locally known, joins the Tombigbee about three miles south of downtown. Notable people Mike Adams (columnist) Henry Armstrong, world boxing champion Roy Ayres, pedal steel guitar player Red Barber, sports commentator William T. S. Barry, congressman from Mississippi Homer "Billy" Brewer, professional football player Terry W. Brown, president pro tempore of the Mississippi Senate Tyson Brummett, professional baseball player James E. Darnell, biologist Jacob M. Dickinson, U.S. Secretary of War from 1909 to 1911 Doughboy, record producer Elbert Drungo, professional football player Ean Evans, bass player for Lynyrd Skynyrd; moved to Columbus Leslie Frazier, professional football player and coach Charles Fredericks, actor Luther Hackman, professional baseball player Arthur Cyprian Harper, 26th mayor of Los Angeles Robert Ivy, Chief Executive Officer of the American Institute of Architects Sam Jethroe, first black baseball player on the Boston Braves roster Edward J. C. Kewen, member of California State Legislature and first attorney general of California Stephen D. Lee, Confederate general, first president of Mississippi State University Jasmine Murray, singer, Miss Mississippi 2014 Bobby Richards, professional football player Andre Rush, celebrity chef and veteran Jacob H. Sharp, lawyer, newspaperman, politician, and Confederate general; moved to Columbus Jeff Smith, member of Mississippi House of Representatives Cordella Stevenson, African-American woman who was raped and lynched by a mob of white men in Columbus in 1915 William N. Still Jr., maritime historian Jim Thomas, professional football player Sedric Toney, professional basketball player Guy M. Townsend, U.S. Air Force brigadier general, test pilot, and combat veteran Robert L. Turner, member of Wisconsin State Assembly James R. Williams, lawyer, politician and jurist Tennessee Williams, playwright Andrew Wood, musician See also Eliza Battle White's Slough References External links Cities in Mississippi Cities in Lowndes County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Populated places established in 1821 1821 establishments in Mississippi

122361

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawford%2C%20Mississippi

Crawford, Mississippi

Crawford is a small town in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 641 at the 2010 census. During the 1840s, a Baptist minister named Peter Crawford lived in the area. When the town was platted in 1852, it was named Crawfordsville. This name was used until 1870, when it was shortened to Crawfordville. Finally in 1879 it was changed to Crawford. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad came though Crawfordsville in 1857. Geography Crawford is located at (33.306205, -88.621933). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 641 people in the town. 89.9% were African American, 8.0% White, 0.6% Native American and 1.6% of two or more races. 0.6% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 655 people, 209 households, and 163 families in the town. The population density was 466.7 people per square mile (180.6/km²). There were 251 housing units at an average density of 178.9 per square mile (69.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.13% African American, 5.95% White, 0.31% Native American, 0.15% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population. There were 309 households, out of which 45.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.6% were married couples living together, 42.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.13 and the average family size was 3.67. The town population contained 41.5% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 17.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 67.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $16,786, and the median income for a family was $16,058. Males had a median income of $24,107 versus $14,359 for females. The per capita income for the town was $7,123. About 45.5% of families and 45.7% of the population are below the poverty line, including 60.5% of those under age 18 and 35.3% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Crawford is served by the Lowndes County School District. Notable people Sam Hairston, former Negro league baseball and MLB player Jerry Rice, NFL first ballot Hall of Fame wide receiver Don "Cadillac Don" Sharp, rap/hip-hop artist Clarence Weatherspoon, NBA player Big Joe Williams, Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame blues singer and guitarist; born in Crawford in 1903 References See also Crawford City Hall (contact information) Hairston: History of Crawford, Lowndes County, Mississippi Towns in Lowndes County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Hope%2C%20Mississippi

New Hope, Mississippi

New Hope is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 3,193. Geography New Hope is located in eastern Lowndes County at (33.446624, -88.324967). It is southeast of Columbus, the county seat, and west of the Alabama state line. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.18%, are water. Creeks draining the community flow west to the Tombigbee River. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 3,161 people, 1,247 households, and 1,110 families residing in the CDP. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,193 people living in the CDP. 87.8% were White, 11.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from some other race and 0.6% of two or more races. 1.0% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,964 people, 669 households, and 576 families living in the CDP. The population density was 814.8 people per square mile (314.6/km). There were 695 housing units at an average density of 288.3/sq mi (111.3/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.28% White, 5.96% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.10% Asian, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.15% of the population. There were 669 households, out of which 49.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.9% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.18. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $54,375, and the median income for a family was $60,909. Males had a median income of $40,089 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,153. About 4.4% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.8% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over. Education New Hope is served by the Lowndes County School District. New Hope Schools are consolidated on one campus. New Hope elementary is split into two buildings, one housing grades K-3 and the other 4–5. New Hope Middle contains grades 6–8; while New Hope High School houses 9-12. Sports championships began with the Lady Trojan basketball team with two state championships. The New Hope Lady Trojan Slowpitch softball team has won ten state championships, including six consecutive from 2000 to 2006. The Trojan baseball team has won five state championships with one being a perfect 43–0 record. New Hope High School has also won a Class 4A Golf Championship and in 2008 won the Boy's Class 4A Basketball Championship. References Census-designated places in Lowndes County, Mississippi Census-designated places in Mississippi

122363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%2C%20Mississippi

Canton, Mississippi

Canton is a city in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 13,189 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Madison County, and situated in the northern part of the metropolitan area surrounding the state capital, Jackson. Much of Canton is on the National Register of Historic Places. The courthouse square is a historic shopping district and host to the Canton Flea Market. The picturesque Georgian courthouse is particularly notable and often appears in photographic exhibits of the South. The east side of town is a large part of the historic district with many homes. Although not a major battle site during the Civil War, Canton was important as a rail and logistics center. Many wounded soldiers were treated in or transported through the city, and as a consequence it has a large Confederate cemetery. The city is home to a large auto manufacturing facility owned by Nissan. Geography Canton is located at (32.612015, -90.031638). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.69%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 10,948 people, 4,774 households, and 2,953 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 13,189 people and 4,494 households in the city with an average household size of 2.99. The population density was 621.1 people per square mile (239.8/km). There were 4,933 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 19.5% White, 74.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of the population. The age distribution was 27.5% under the age of 18 and 10.8% 65 or older. 50.8% of the population were female. The median household income was $33,350. The per capita income for the city was $15,192. About 31.4% of the population were below the poverty line. 2000 census At the 2000 census, there were 12,911 people in 4,093 households, including 2,991 families, in the city. The population density was 694.1 people per square mile (268.0/km). There were 4,333 housing units at an average density of 232.9 per square mile (89.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 18.64% White, 80.30% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population. Of the 4,093 households 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples living together, 34.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 23.8% of households were one person and 10.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.55. The age distribution was 32.3% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% 65 or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males. The median household income was $24,237 and the median family income was $27,782. Males had a median income of $25,179 versus $20,815 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,643. About 27.7% of families and 34.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.8% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over. Economy There is a Nissan plant nearby. In 2011 Canton officials considered pursuing annexing it. Notable people Damien Lewis (American football) (1997-), NFL player for the Seattle Seahawks Sister Thea Bowman (1937–1990), Roman Catholic nun (Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration) The Canton Spirituals, gospel recording group Homer Casteel (1879-1958), lieutenant governor from 1920 to 1924 Annie Bell Robinson Devine (1912–2000), civil rights activist George Doherty (1920–1987), football player, Buffalo Bills Scott Field (1847–1931), United States Congressman from Texas Rowland Garrett (1950-), professional basketball player L. C. Greenwood (1946-2013), NFL player with Pittsburgh Steelers, playing in Super Bowl IX, Super Bowl X, Super Bowl XIII and Super Bowl XIV Caroline Herring, folk singer Elmore James (1918–1963), blues singer, slide guitarist Sonny Landreth (1951-), blues guitar player Ronnie Lester (1959-), University of Iowa basketball All-American, NBA player for Chicago Bulls and Los Angeles Lakers Samuel Mockbee (1944–2001), architect George Raymond (1943–1973), civil rights activist Anne Moody (1940-2015), civil rights activist, author of Coming of Age in Mississippi, based on her work with CORE Earl B. Dickerson (1891–1986), World War I veteran, first black graduate from University of Chicago Law School, civil rights attorney, argued Hansberry v. Lee before the United States Supreme Court, founding member of the American Legion Rev. Cleophus Robinson (1932-1998), gospel singer John Henry Rogers (1845–1911), United States Congressman from Arkansas and a federal judge, who grew up near Madison and practiced law in Canton William M. Walton (1832–1915), Texas Attorney General Quinndary Weatherspoon (1996-), NBA player Mississippi Blues Trail Canton is officially on the Mississippi Blues Trail. Elmore James, a blues singer and a familiar figure in Canton, learned electronics by working in a radio repair shop on Hickory Street. Canton is rich in blues history centered on the juke joints of Hickory Street, known to locals as "The Hollow", as well as other places in Canton. A Mississippi Blues Trail historic marker was placed in Canton on Hickory Street to honor the contribution of James to the development of the blues in Mississippi. Other noted blues performers associated with Canton include Grady Champion, Little Brother Montgomery, William “Do-Boy” Diamond, Boyd Rivers and Johnny Temple. Musicians include studio guitarist Bucky Barrett and the slide guitarist Sonny Landreth. Gospel singers include the Canton Spirituals and Reverend Cleophus Robinson. In his dedication of Hickory Street, Governor Haley Barbour said, Education The city of Canton is served by the Canton Public School District. The city of Canton and Madison County are served by Canton Academy. In popular culture 1974 Thieves Like Us 1988 Mississippi Burning 1996 A Time to Kill 1998 Walking in Mississippi 2000 My Dog Skip 2000 O Brother, Where Art Thou? 2001 The Ponder Heart 2001 Biker Zombies from Detroit 2008 Ballast 2013 As I Lay Dying 2016 Saved By Grace 2020 "A Time For Mercy", book by John Grisham Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Canton has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. References External links Canton Chamber of Commerce official website City-data.com Canton profile Confederate cemetery page History of Canton's Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life) Canton, Ms Flea Market Cities in Mississippi Cities in Madison County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi Mississippi Blues Trail 1836 establishments in Mississippi Populated places established in 1836

122364

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora%2C%20Mississippi

Flora, Mississippi

Flora is a town in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,886 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is named after Flora Mann Jones, an early resident. History Graves in Flora's cemetery date to 1821. A post office was established in 1883. That same year, Flora became a stop on the newly constructed Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad. The railroad depot is now a museum, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Flora was incorporated in 1886. Mississippi Ordnance Plant In 1941, the Mississippi Ordnance Plant was constructed north of Flora to produce propellant and igniter charges for large-caliber guns. The site also had firing ranges for sub-machine guns, rifles, anti-aircraft guns, live grenades, and demolition explosives. A notable employee was science fiction writer Cyril M. Kornbluth. The plant was operated by General Tire, and supported a policy that African-American men were to be employed only as janitors, yard workers, freight loaders, truck drivers and maintenance workers, and could only work in production jobs if white men were not available. African-American women could only be employed as maids and cafeteria helpers. In 1942, a local group of African-American citizens met to protest the company's policy. The site was declared surplus in 1945, and the army certified it "completely decontaminated". In 1947, the Mississippi Department of Education planned to turn part of the plant into a vocational school for African-Americans, until white residents protested to the governor, stating that property values would be ruined. One of the reinforced bunkers eventually became the "Southern Vital Records" storage facility, and in 1977, a local high school student found an abandoned M-2A2 tank in a wooded area. National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility In 2008, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security announced that the Flora Industrial Park was one of six locations in the United States being considered for the construction of a new National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility. Flora's Mayor, Scott Greaves, responded to opposition to the facility by stating in 2007: "Education is the whole key to it.. You have to find the people who are concerned and educate them. In the end, you're still going to have a few idiots". Manhattan, Kansas was selected as the site for the new facility. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Just outside the Flora city limits lies a forest collection of petrified wood, the Mississippi Petrified Forest, which purports to be the only such forest east of the Mississippi River. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,647 people, 652 households, and 503 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,546 people, 575 households, and 416 families residing in the town. The population density was 454.2 people per square mile (175.6/km2). There were 606 housing units at an average density of 178.0 per square mile (68.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 57.05% White, 42.04% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.06% from other races, and 0.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population. There were 575 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 25.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.21. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $38,077, and the median income for a family was $41,324. Males had a median income of $31,786 versus $22,176 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,075. About 18.7% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.4% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Flora is served by the Madison County School District. It is zoned to East Flora Elementary. Residents are in turn zoned to Madison Middle School, Rosa Scott 9th Grade, and Madison Central High School. The Tri-County Academy, a private school, is located in Flora. Media Flora is served both by radio station WYAB 103.9 FM and The Flora News, a monthly free community newspaper. Notable people Maurice Black, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives E. C. Coleman, professional basketball player Parys Haralson, professional football player Paul "Wine" Jones, blues singer and guitarist Belle Kearney, temperance reformer, suffragist, teacher, white supremacist, and first female Mississippi State Senator in 1923 References External links Town of Flora Flora Area Chamber of Commerce Towns in Madison County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi

122365

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison%2C%20Mississippi

Madison, Mississippi

Madison is a city in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 24,841 at the 2010 census. The population is currently over 25,000. It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. History The city of Madison, named for James Madison, the fourth President of the United States, developed along a bustling railroad track in antebellum Mississippi. It began in 1856 when the Illinois Central Railroad opened Madison Station, the forerunner of the city of Madison. The nearby town of Madisonville was a settlement along the stagecoach route on the Natchez Trace. It was the first county seat of Madison County in 1828, and had a race track, two banks, a wagon factory, and at least one hotel. Its residents gradually moved to the new railroad community, and old Madisonville became defunct. Like many railroad towns in the South, Madison Station was heavily damaged by the Union Army during the Civil War. Ten miles from the state capital of Jackson, Madison Station was largely destroyed in 1863 after the July 18–22 siege of Jackson. No battles were fought in Madison County, but Major General Stephen D. Lee concentrated his command in Madison Station during the month of February 1864. Stephen Lee was later appointed as the first president of Mississippi State College (now Mississippi State University). The railroad continued to attract growth after the Civil War. In 1897, the Madison Land Company encouraged northerners to "Go South, and grow up with the country." Located in Chicago, the land company's interest in development prompted Madison to incorporate as a village, though the charter was lost when regular elections were not held because of the failure of the "land boom". The Madison Land Company offered prime land for as little as $3.00 an acre. It claimed that Mississippi had the lowest debt ratio in the United States at $19.00 per capita and that Mississippians were one-third healthier by "official figures" than people in New York and Massachusetts. The figures were quoted in the Madison Land Company's brochure by Bishop Hugh Miller Thompson, the second Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Mississippi and a Madison resident, who originally came from Wisconsin. After many years of court battles, the city annexed other territory to expand its limits in size in the late 2000s. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (1.61%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 27,747 people, 8,972 households, and 7,121 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 14,692 people, 5,189 households, and 4,249 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,090.0 people per square mile (420.8/km). There were 5,316 housing units at an average density of 394.4 per square mile (152.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.23% White, 4.89% African American, 0.07% Native American, 1.20% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population. There were 5,189 households, out of which 48.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.1% were non-families. 16.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.17. In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $71,266 (estimated at $105,485 in 2008), and the median income for a family was $77,202. Males had a median income of $54,358 versus $34,081 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,082. About 2.1% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over. Recreation Strawberry Patch Park, one mile running trail, playground, and children's fishing pond Liberty Park, sports fields and playgrounds Simmons Arboretum, wooded trail Education The City of Madison is served by the Madison County School District. The Student/TeacherRatio is 19:1. Madison-Ridgeland Academy is a 6A private high school and member of the MSAIS located in Madison. St. Joseph Catholic School is a parochial school located in Madison that serves the Jackson Area; it is of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson. In 2010, Tulane University opened a satellite campus of its School of Continuing Studies. The campus was housed in a renovated wing of the former Madison Station Elementary School (Madison Ridgeland High School) campus until it closed in 2017.Jackson State University has also opened a satellite campus in the city. Transportation There is one small airport in the city, Bruce Campbell Field. Points of interest Simmons Arboretum Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce South Central U.S. (est. 1997) Chapel of the Cross in nearby Mannsdale is listed on the National Register of Historic Places Notable people Eddie Briggs, lawyer and former Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi. Tate Ellington, actor. Stephen Gostkowski, professional football player for the Tennessee Titans. John Henry Rogers, United States Congressman from Arkansas and a federal judge. Ruston Webster, NFL scout for the Atlanta Falcons. Corey Dickerson, professional baseball player for the Miami Marlins. He resides here during the offseason. References External links City of Madison Madison Chamber of Commerce County Website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Madison County, Mississippi Cities in Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi Populated places established in 1856 1856 establishments in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridgeland%2C%20Mississippi

Ridgeland, Mississippi

Ridgeland is a city in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 24,047 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan area. History In 1805, the Choctaw Indian Agency, headed by Silas Dinsmoor, was located in what is now known as Ridgeland. There is also a neighborhood called Dinsmor in Ridgeland. The structure was then called Turner Brashear's Stand until about 1850. It was adapted for use as a hotel named the King's Inn. During the American Civil War, King's Inn was used as a headquarters by General Stephen Lee. Afterward, it again operated as a hotel until 1896, when it was destroyed by fire. In 1853, James B. Yellowley founded the community of Yellowley's Crossing (later named Jessamine after his wife). In 1896, Edward Treakle and Gordon Nichols, two real estate developers from Chicago, purchased the land from Yellowley and established the Highland Colony Company. They created plans for a town to be named Ridgeland and launched an advertising campaign to entice people from the northern United States to move south. Agriculture was the community's dominant revenue source, with pears and strawberries as the leading crops grown for sale. In the early 20th century, Ridgeland was home to a hotel, sawmill, and a canning company. The main business section of Ridgeland was along Jackson Street, due to the Illinois Central Railroad located on the street. In 1910 a two-room school was created and the schools combined with those of Madison by 1925. In 1961, Ridgeland was predicted to grow a lot more, which turned out to be correct. Northpark Mall opened in 1984 and brought more growth into the area. Business in Ridgeland improved more in the 1990s when Highland Colony Parkway brought new businesses to the area. Geography Ridgeland is located between Madison to the north and Jackson to the south. This suburban community is adjacent to the Ross Barnett Reservoir. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (10.16%) is water, mostly due to the location of the Ross Barnett Reservoir. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 24,340 people, 10,632 households, and 6,046 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 24,047 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 57.5% White, 32.5% Black, 0.2% Native American, 4.0% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race and 1.0% from two or more races. 4.7% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 20,173 people, 9,267 households, and 9,022 families living in the city. The population density was 1,267.4 people per square mile (489.2/km). There were 9,930 housing units at an average density of 623.9 per square mile (240.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 77.05% White, 18.44% African American, 0.15% Native American, 2.95% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.55% of the population. There were 9,267 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.8% were non-families. 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.90. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 40.3% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males. The median incomes for a household in the city was $43,066, and the median income for a family was $59,249. Males had a median income of $40,632 versus $29,634 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,704. About 5.5% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over. Economy Bomgar, a tech company, and C Spire Wireless, the sixth largest wireless provider in the United States, are headquartered in Ridgeland. The largest mall in the Jackson metro area, Northpark Mall, is located on County Line Road. Another shopping area is the Renaissance at Colony Park. Education Ridgeland is served by the Madison County School District, and has two private schools: Saint Andrew's Episcopal School and Christ Covenant School. The Veritas School was a private school which closed in 2015. Ridgeland has a campus of Holmes Community College. Ridgeland is home of the Baptist Children's Village, which provides short-term and long-term care for abandoned, neglected, or abused children and counseling to broken families. Since 2004, the executive director has been Rory Lee, a former college president. Ridgeland made national headlines in 2022 when mayor Gene McGee refused to send $110,000 in approved city funding to the Madison County Library System because the library system contained books that “went against his Christian beliefs”. Notable people Faith Hill was born and raised in Ridgeland until moving to nearby Star when she was in the 8th grade . The three family members of the country band The Band Perry were all born and reared in Ridgeland. Wesley T. Bishop, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 99 in Orleans Parish; alumnus and criminal justice faculty and administrator at Southern University at New Orleans, former resident of Ridgeland George Jackson died here. Rubel Phillips, Republican gubernatorial nominee in 1963 and 1967 spent his last years in retirement in Ridgeland. Bianca Knight, track and field athlete. David H. Nutt, lawyer and philanthropist, the richest person in Mississippi as of 2014. References Cities in Mississippi Cities in Madison County, Mississippi Cities in Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi Populated places established in 1805 1805 establishments in Mississippi Territory

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia%2C%20Mississippi

Columbia, Mississippi

Columbia is a U.S. city in and the county seat of Marion County, Mississippi, which was formed six years before Mississippi was admitted to statehood. Columbia was named for Columbia, South Carolina, from which many of the early settlers had migrated. The population was 6,582 as of the 2010 census. History Columbia is the county seat of Marion County, Mississippi. Marion County was created out of Amite County in 1811, encompassing the southwest quarter of the current state of Mississippi. Before statehood in 1816, there were three territorial census/poll tax records taken of what was deemed Marion County at the time. These records reveal that during 1813, several Lott men arrived and settled on the Pearl River in what is now Columbia. In 1813, William Lott was the largest slave holder near present-day Columbia, owning 28 slaves. There were five men, who settled south of present-day Columbia on 2,789 acres of land with 65 slaves. North of present-day Columbia, on what was the earliest attempt at a town, was Timothy Terrell on 3,151 acres with 32 slaves. The land on which the current City of Columbia resides was first purchased for cash on April 18, 1820,by William Lott and John Lott. This land is Township 3 East, Range 18 West, Section 5 (640 acres),which is the center of the City of Columbia today. Other early patent holders of Columbia include James Phillips, Jr., and John Cooper (1825),in Section 4 next to John and William Lott. Columbia was officially incorporated on June 25, 1819, becoming the fourth municipality in the state of Mississippi. It served as the temporary capital of Mississippi from November, 1821, when the 5th session of the Mississippi Legislature first met there, until 1822. In that year, a special session of the legislature met in Columbia, inaugurating Governor Walter Leake, and selecting LeFleur's Bluff (now Jackson) as the permanent capital.. Columbia, "The City of Charm on the River Pearl", has always been in danger of flooding, due to its bordering the Pearl River. The county courthouse, with its records dating back to pre-statehood, has managed to survive war, floods, tornadoes and hurricanes. In its first 100 years, Columbia relied on the Pearl River for transportation of goods. The river was much deeper and wider than it is now. Steamboat captains, such as John Black, lived in Columbia. During the Civil War, United States troops under the command of General Davidson camped outside Columbia, taking provisions from the citizens of the Confederate States of America. The courthouse was spared. The Southern Claims Commission Files detail these events. In 1935, Mississippi's first rodeo was held in Columbia. In 2016, the Mississippi Rodeo Hall of Fame was founded and headquartered in Columbia. During the Civil Rights Movement, Columbia, and Marion County were the site of the most peaceful demonstrations, due to the diligent insistence of non-violence by Sheriff John Homer Willoughby. The town is known for its citizens ability to work together. In 2005, Columbia suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Katrina. Once again, the courthouse survived. There was very limited looting, and citizens worked together with local churches, civic officials, and law enforcement to provide for citizens during the extensive power loss. Individuals immediately began helping their neighbors clear roads and escape being trapped in debris. The day after Hurricane Katrina struck, several inmates took advantage of the storm damage and escaped from the Marion County Jail (some of which were charged with Murder). Marion County Deputies along with the help of the Mississippi National Guard and Kentucky State Police, captured all but one escapee which was later apprehended in Texas just before he could get to the Mexican Border. Former Mississippi governor and Columbia native Hugh L. White introduced white squirrels to the area, and they are still common in Columbia City Park. His home still stands today, a stately reminder of architecture of the past. In 2014, a tornado measuring EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita scale struck Columbia, causing widespread damage. Geography Columbia is located on the east bank of the Pearl River and is 81 miles south of Jackson, Mississippi and 103 miles north of New Orleans, Louisiana. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,864 people, 2,080 households, and 1,155 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 6,603 people, 2,497 households, and 1,620 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,033.5 people per square mile (399.0/km2). There were 2,821 housing units at an average density of 441.6 per square mile (170.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 62.56% White, 35.64% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population. There were 2,497 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $19,644, and the median income for a family was $28,493. Males had a median income of $28,173 versus $17,847 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,592. About 24.5% of families and 29.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.0% of those under age 18 and 24.3% of those age 65 or over. Government and infrastructure The Mississippi Department of Human Services's Division of Youth Services operated the Columbia Training School in unincorporated Marion County, near Columbia. The mayor of Columbia is Justin McKenzie. Education The city of Columbia is served by the Columbia School District, with Columbia High School as the public high school. Prior to January 1970, black students were educated in a separate system with sub-par facilities, including John J. Jefferson High school, which became the middle school in January of 1970 when the schools were integrated. White politicians called for a public boycott of the school system. At that time, around 100 white students left the public school system to attend the newly founded whites-only Columbia Academy, which was created in September 1969 as a segregation academy to avoid racial integration. A few students also left to attend Improve Academy, another segregation academy founded by the Improve Baptist Church. Notable people Johnathan Abram - NFL safety for the Las Vegas Raiders Texas Rose Bascom (1922-1993) - rodeo performer, trick roper, Hollywood actress, Mississippi Rodeo Hall of Fame inductee Terrell Buckley - American football coach and former player Logan Cooke - NFL punter for the Jacksonville Jaguars Peggy Dow (Peggy Varnadow Helmerich) - film actress and philanthropist Jim Dunaway - former NFL defensive tackle Reverend John Ford - pioneering Methodist minister and early political leader Bobby Hamilton - former NFL defensive end, two-time Super Bowl winner with New England Patriots Claudis James - former NFL player General Benjamin Lee - military leader and early political figure Sylvester Magee - last living American slave, died in Columbia in 1971 Joseph T. "Joe" Owens (1945-2013) - former NFL defensive end Eddie Payton - former NFL running back Walter Payton - former NFL player in Pro Football Hall of Fame, born in Columbia Hugh L. White - former Columbia mayor and two-term Governor of Mississippi References External links Cities in Mississippi Cities in Marion County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byhalia%2C%20Mississippi

Byhalia, Mississippi

Byhalia , pronounced "bye-HAIL-yah" by some residents, is a town in Marshall County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,302 as of the 2010 census. History Byhalia was founded in the 1830s and named after Byhalia Creek, which flows past the site. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,339 people, 637 households, and 409 families residing in the town. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,302 people living in the town. 51.4% were White, 44.9% Black or African American, 1.7% of some other race and 2.1% of two or more races. 4.0% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 2000 census The following demographic information is based on 2000 Census information; however, the population of Byhalia has significantly increased in recent years due to immigration and a 2005 annexation of adjacent area. The population in 2007 was estimated at over 2,000. As of the census of 2000, there were 706 people, 275 households, and 188 families living in the town. The population density was 246.8 people per square mile (95.3/km2). There were 306 housing units at an average density of 107.0 per square mile (41.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 60.76% White, 35.69% African American, 0.14% Native American, 3.12% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of the population. There were 275 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.13. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $26,618, and the median income for a family was $35,313. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $19,219 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,156. About 25.0% of families and 26.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.2% of those under age 18 and 39.2% of those age 65 or over. Education The town of Byhalia is served by the Marshall County School District, one of the districts being supported by the Mississippi Teacher Corps. Notable person The soul singer Jan Bradley was born in Byhalia in 1943. The Nobel Prize-winning author William Faulkner died in Byhalia in 1962. In popular culture The original field recording of "Sea Lion Woman", sung by Katherine and Christine Shipp, was recorded in Byhalia by Herbert Halpert on May 13, 1939. The play "Byhalia, Mississippi" by Evan Linder premiered in January 2016. References Towns in Marshall County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Memphis metropolitan area

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly%20Springs%2C%20Mississippi

Holly Springs, Mississippi

Holly Springs is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, Mississippi, United States, at the southern border of Tennessee. Near the Mississippi Delta, the area was developed by European Americans for cotton plantations and was dependent on enslaved Africans. After the American Civil War, many freedmen continued to work in agriculture as sharecroppers and tenant farmers. As the county seat, the city is a center of trade and court sessions. The population was 7,699 at the 2010 census, which, compared to the 2000 census, was a decrease. Holly Springs has several National Register of Historic Places-listed properties and historic districts, including Southwest Holly Springs Historic District, Holly Springs Courthouse Square Historic District, Depot-Compress Historic District, and East Holly Springs Historic District. Hillcrest Cemetery contains the graves of five Confederate generals, and has been called "Little Arlington of the South". History European Americans founded Holly Springs in 1836 on territory occupied by Chickasaw Indians for centuries before Indian Removal. Most of their land was ceded under the Treaty of Pontotoc Creek of 1832. Many early U.S. migrants were from Virginia, supplemented by migrants from Georgia and the Carolinas. In 1836, the city had 4,000 European-American residents. A year later, records show that 40 residents were lawyers, and there were six physicians by 1838. By 1837, the town already had "twenty dry goods stores, two drugstores, three banks, several hotels, and over ten saloons." It is also home to Hillcrest Cemetery, built on land settler William S. Randolph gave the city in 1837. Newcomers established the Chalmers Institute, later known as the University of Holly Springs, Mississippi's oldest university. The area was developed with extensive cotton plantations dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans. Many had been transported from the Upper South in the domestic slave trade, breaking up families. The settlement served as a trading center for the neighboring cotton plantations. In 1837, it was made seat of the newly created Marshall County, named for John Marshall, the United States Supreme Court justice. The town developed a variety of merchants and businesses to support the plantations. Its population into the early twentieth century included a community of Jewish merchants, whose ancestors were immigrants from eastern Europe in the 19th century. The cotton industry suffered in the crisis of 1840, but soon recovered. By 1855 Holly Springs was connected to Grand Junction, Tennessee, by the Mississippi Central Railway. In ensuing years, the line was completed to the south of Hill Springs. Toward the end of the 19th century, the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad was constructed to intersect this line in Holly Springs. During the American Civil War, Union General Ulysses S. Grant temporarily used Holly Springs as a supply depot and headquarters. He was mounting an effort to take the city of Vicksburg. Confederate Earl Van Dorn led the successful Holly Springs Raid on the town in December 1862, destroying most of the Union supplies at the Confederate Armory Site. The campus of the Holly Springs Female Institute, which had been open since 1836, was also burned, forcing it to permanently close. Grant eventually succeeded in ending the siege of Vicksburg with a Union victory. In 1878, Holly Springs suffered a yellow fever epidemic, part of a regional epidemic that spread through the river towns. 1,400 residents became ill and 300 died. The Marshall County Courthouse, at the center of Holly Springs's square, was used as a hospital during the epidemic. After the war and emancipation, many freedmen stayed in the area, working as sharecroppers on former plantations. There were tensions after the war. As agriculture was mechanized in the early 20th century, there were fewer farm labor jobs. From 1900 to 1910, a quarter of the population left the city. Many blacks moved to the North in the Great Migration to escape southern oppression and seek employment in northern factories. The invasion of boll weevils in the 1920s and 1930s, which occurred across the South, destroyed the cotton crops and caused economic problems on top of the Great Depression. Some light industry developed in the area. After World War II, most industries moved to the major cities of Memphis, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which is land and (0.16%) is water. Climate Holly Spring's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Holly Springs has a humid subtropical climate. On December 23, 2015, a massive EF4 tornado struck the town around 6:00 pm, causing significant damage. James Richard Anderson, the Marshall County coroner, confirmed the boy's death. Nearly 200 Marshall County structures were damaged during the tornado, some totally. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 6,968 people, 2,369 households, and 1,259 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 7,699 people living in the city, making it a minority-majority city: 79.2% of the residents were African American, 19.3% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.6% from some other race, and 0.5% from two or more races. 1.2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 7,957 people, 2,407 households, and 1,699 families living in the city. The population density was 626.3 people per square mile (241.9/km2). There were 2,582 housing units at an average density of 203.2 per square mile (78.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 22.81% White, 76.18% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population. There were 2,407 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.3% were married couples living together, 31.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.22. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 19.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $23,408, and the median income for a family was $25,808. Males had a median income of $29,159 versus $20,777 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,924. About 27.5% of families and 32.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.6% of those under age 18 and 21.2% of those age 65 or over. Education The City of Holly Springs is served by the Holly Springs School District. Marshall Academy is a private institution for the MPSA, offering k-4 through 12th grade. Rust College was established in 1866 by the Freedman's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church to serve freedmen and is a historically black college. The now defunct Mississippi Industrial College, intended as a vocational training school, was in Holly Springs, as was the Holly Springs Female Institute. Notable people James F. Trotter (1802–1866), judge and U.S. Senator who resided in Holly Springs until his death. Spires Boling (1812–1880), architect and builder Winfield S. Featherston (1820–1891), two-term member of United States House of Representatives, Confederate brigadier general during the Civil War, later a state politician and circuit court judge. Hiram Rhodes Revels (1822–1901), first African American to serve in the United States Senate;first president of Alcorn State University; taught theology at Shaw University (present-day Rust College). Edward Cary Walthall (1831–1898), Confederate general, lawyer, and U.S. Senator from Mississippi Ida B. Wells (1862–1931), African-American journalist, anti-lynching activist, and advocate for civil rights and women's rights; born in Holly Springs. Absolom M. West (1818–1894), planter, politician, Civil War general and labor organizer, resided in Holly Springs after the American Civil War until his death. Verina Morton Jones (1865–1943), African-American physician and the first woman to practice medicine in the state; served as resident physician at Rust College Edward Hull "Boss" Crump (1874–1954), head of the dominant Democratic Party political machine in Memphis during the first half of the 20th century, was born in Holly Springs Kate Freeman Clark (1875–1957), painter Wall Doxey (1892–1962), Mississippi politician, served as Congressman and United States Senator; Wall Doxey State Park was named after him Lation Scott (1893-1917), African American lynching victim Irving Vendig (1902–1995), television writer Clifton DeBerry (1924–2006), born in Holly Springs, was the first African American nominated for President of the United States by a political party (Socialist Workers Party, 1964, 1980) R. L. Burnside (1926–2005), blues musician Robert Belfour (1940–2015), blues musician Junior Kimbrough (1930–1998), blues musician Syl Johnson (born 1936), blues and soul singer Cassi Davis (born 1964), actress. Shepard Smith (born 1964), American broadcast journalist for NBC News and CNBC, born in Holly Springs. Attended high school at Marshall Academy, one of the private schools in town. Clinton LeSueur (born 1969), Republican politician; he lost races in 2002 and 2004 for Mississippi's 2nd congressional district to incumbent Democrat Bennie Thompson Seth Adams (born 1985), University of Mississippi American football quarterback Jeremy LeSueur (born 1980), University of Michigan American football defensive back. Paul Maholm (born 1982), pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers. Mel and Tim (Mel Hardin and Tim McPherson), soul musicians from Holly Springs who recorded at Stax Records in Memphis Charlie Feathers, (1932-1998), rockabilly musician In popular culture The 1999 movie Cookie's Fortune was set and filmed in Holly Springs. The Jackson, Mississippi, band The Weeks sing about Holly Springs in their 2014 song "Brother in the Night." Graceland Too, a museum dedicated to Elvis Presley has been referenced in songs by Parquet Courts and Phoebe Bridgers See also Hillcrest Cemetery Strawberry Plains Audubon Center References External links Holly Springs Ledger, 1837-1904 (MUM00232) at the University of Mississippi. Cities in Marshall County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Cities in the Memphis metropolitan area Populated places established in 1836 1836 establishments in Mississippi Cities in Mississippi Yellow fever monuments and memorials

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen%2C%20Mississippi

Aberdeen, Mississippi

Aberdeen is the county seat of Monroe County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,612. Located on the banks of the Tombigbee River, Aberdeen was one of the busiest Mississippi ports of the 19th century. Cotton was heavily traded in town, and for a time Aberdeen was Mississippi's second largest city. Aberdeen retains many historic structures from this period, with over 200 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places. In the spring of each year, Aberdeen hosts pilgrimages to its historic antebellum homes. The most prominent of these antebellum homes is The Magnolias, which was built in 1850. Located just outside the city, Aberdeen Lock and Dam forms Aberdeen Lake, a popular recreational area. Aberdeen Lock and Dam is part of the Tennessee-Tombigbee waterway system. History In 1540, Hernando DeSoto's expedition was the first European expedition to travel through the vicinity of Aberdeen. Aberdeen was first settled in 1834 and chartered as a town in 1837. In 1849, it became the county seat when Monroe County was formed. On February 18, 1864 a skirmish occurred between the Union army and the Confederate army in Aberdeen. Lieutenant Colonel Burgh and the Ninth Illinois Cavalry came into contact with rebel militias, driving them back and taking possession of Aberdeen. The battle resulted in the company taking 18 prisoners of war, as well as the destruction of Confederate food supplies and machinery. Hiram Revels, the first African-American United States Senator, died on January 16, 1901 while he was attending a church conference in Aberdeen. Aberdeen had a population of 3,708 in 1910. Its population had risen to 5,920 by 1950. Its population was 7,184 in 1980. Lynhings In 1889, an African-American man, Keith Bowen was lynched by a mob after "he allegedly tried to enter a room where three white women were sitting." In 1914, Mayho Miller, an 18-year-old Negro boy, was hanged by a mob after an alleged assault. William Baker was an 18-year-old African-American man who was lynched in Aberdeen, Monroe County, Mississippi by a white mob on March 8, 1922. Geography According to the United States Geological Survey, variant names are Dundee and New Aberdeen. East Aberdeen is located at , across the Tombigbee River from Aberdeen proper. Variant names for East Aberdeen are Howards Bluff, Howards Farm, Howards Ferry, Howards Store, Martins Bluff, and Murffs. According to the United States Census Bureau, Aberdeen has a total area of , of which is land and (2.19%) is water. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Aberdeen has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 4,961 people, 2,016 households, and 1,195 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 5,612 people living in the city. 69.2% were African American, 28.8% White, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from some other race and 1.0% of two or more races. 1.0% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 6,415 people, 2,398 households, and 1,661 families living in the city. The population density was 598.8 people per square mile (231.3/km). There were 2,730 housing units at an average density of 254.8 per square mile (98.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 60.20% African American, 38.78% White, 0.09% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population. There were 2,398 households, out of which 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 29.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.14. In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $23,530, and the median income for a family was $27,611. Males had a median income of $27,857 versus $17,090 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,584. About 26.3% of families and 29.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.2% of those under age 18 and 26.7% of those age 65 or over. Education The City of Aberdeen is served by the Aberdeen School District. Media Radio stations 1240 WWZQ-AM 105.3 WACR-FM Infrastructure Highways U.S. Highway 45 Mississippi Highway 8 Mississippi Highway 25 Mississippi Highway 145 Railroads Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Alabama and Gulf Coast Railway Kansas City Southern Railway Notable people Stephen Adams, member of United States House of Representatives and United States Senate Steve Baylark, running back for Sacramento Mountain Lions of United Football League Guy Bush ("the Mississippi Mudcat"), Major League Baseball pitcher who won 176 games and gave up Babe Ruth's last two career home runs Oliver Darden, basketball player for University of Michigan and in the American Basketball Association Reuben Davis, Congressman and Confederate general, resided at Reuben Davis House John Gregg, Confederate general in Civil War Moses Hardy, formerly oldest living American man, one of the oldest veterans of World War I Fredrick McGhee, first black lawyer in Minnesota, prominent criminal defense attorney, civil rights leader, and co-founder, with W.E. B. DuBois, of the Niagara Movement. Eugene Sykes, Justice of Supreme Court of Mississippi, first chairman of Federal Communications Commission Jim Walden, football head coach at Washington State and Iowa State University Bukka White (Booker T. Washington White), blues musician In popular culture The city of Aberdeen is the subject of the HGTV show Hometown Renovation, where local makeup artist and designer Billy Brasfield sets to redesign and renovate some of the city's houses and landmarks. The city is also the subject of a song by blues artist Bukka White, Aberdeen, Mississippi, later covered by guitarist Kenny Wayne Shepherd as Aberdeen. See also Aberdeen Lake Aberdeen Lock and Dam Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway References External links City of Aberdeen website Aberdeen Visitors Bureau Cities in Mississippi Cities in Monroe County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Populated places established in 1834 1834 establishments in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amory%2C%20Mississippi

Amory, Mississippi

Amory is a city in Monroe County, Mississippi. The population was 7,316 as of the 2010 census. Located in the northeastern part of the state near the Alabama border, it was founded in 1887 as a railroad town by the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad. As a result, Cotton Gin Port, along the Tombigbee River to the east, was abandoned as businesses and people moved for railroad access. History Amory was founded as a planned railroad town. The Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham Railroad was expanding in the South and needed a midpoint between Memphis, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama to service their locomotives. They laid out the new town of Amory, Mississippi, near the Alabama border, in 1887. Believing railroad access to be critical, people from nearby Cotton Gin Port, about 1.5 miles away and located along the Tombigbee River, abandoned their town and moved to Amory. All that remains of the former Cotton Gin Port are the ruins of buildings and an old cemetery. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (6.37%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 6,666 people, 2,900 households, and 1,666 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 7,316 people living in the city. 69.5% were White, 29.0% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% from some other race and 0.7% of two or more races. 1.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 6,956 people, 2,876 households, and 1,903 families living in the city. The population density was 927.2 people per square mile (358.1/km2). There were 3,147 housing units at an average density of 419.5 per square mile (162.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 69.85% White, 29.18% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population. There were 2,876 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,789, and the median income for a family was $37,891. Males had a median income of $30,913 versus $21,356 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,092. About 17.1% of families and 20.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.6% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over. Economy Gilmore Memorial Hospital is well regarded as having one of the better maternity wards in northeast Mississippi. Other business sectors include sports equipment manufacturing, wood pulp processing, and the furniture and textile industries. Arts and culture In honor of its cultural and historical heritage, the city of Amory holds the annual "Railroad Festival" in April in Frisco Park in downtown. Among other attractions, the Festival includes southern foods—such as fried catfish, barbecue, and apple fritters— rides, arts and crafts, and live music, most notably the local band The Gents who have brought fans out for years with their Motown, Blues Brothers, and classic oldies show. While spring rains are possible during the 3-day festival, turnout is generally quite large, with as many as 40,000 visiting the festival over the period of a weekend. In addition to the annual Railroad Festival, Amory held "Entertainment for Education", also known as "Stars Over Mississippi", an event in which a number of celebrities and entertainers hosted a benefit concert to raise funds for local scholarships. Past performers and attendees included Vince Gill, Dolly Parton, Nell Carter, Sandi Patty, Kathie Lee Gifford, Kathy Ireland, Brad Paisley, Brooks and Dunn, Ray Romano, Tony Danza, Patricia Heaton, Doris Roberts, Whoopi Goldberg, Brad Garrett, and Prince Edward. Education Most of Amory is served by the Amory School District, while a small portion is served by the Monroe County School District. Amory Christian Academy is a private school also located in Amory, MS. Infrastructure Transportation Road transport is served by US 278, Mississippi Highway 6, and Mississippi Highway 25. Rail transport is offered by BNSF Railway, the Alabama and Gulf Coast Railway, and the Mississippian Railway. Ship transport can be accommodated on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. Notable people Lucille Bogan, classic female blues singer Lt. Col. Herman Carter, one of the original 33 Tuskegee Airmen John Dye, actor known for his role of Andrew on Touched by an Angel Rufus French, All-American football player Gary Grubbs, actor Butch Thompson, head baseball coach, Auburn University Will Hall, head football coach, University of Southern Mississippi ; previously offensive coordinator, University of Louisiana Lafayette and head coach at University of West Alabama Trent Harmon, winner of American Idol Season 15 Ulysses Hollimon, Negro league baseball player Brian Maxcy, pitcher for Detroit Tigers Mitch Moreland, first baseman and right fielder for Texas Rangers, Boston Red Sox and Oakland Athletics In popular culture "Blue Suede Shoes" was written by Carl Perkins during a trip to Amory, for a concert with Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash in 1955. See also Amory Lock on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway Cotton Gin Port St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Mississippian Railway Alabama and Gulf Coast Railway References External links City of Amory, Mississippi Park Hotel in Amory Ledgers (MUM00354) at the University of Mississippi, Archives and Special Collections. Cities in Mississippi Cities in Monroe County, Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattman%2C%20Mississippi

Gattman, Mississippi

Gattman is a village in Monroe County, Mississippi. The population was 90 at the 2010 census. Geography Gattman is located at (33.885085, -88.233477). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 114 people, 50 households, and 34 families residing in the village. The population density was 202.8 people per square mile (78.6/km2). There were 53 housing units at an average density of 94.3 per square mile (36.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.61% White and 4.39% African American. There were 50 households, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.79. In the village, the population was spread out, with 16.7% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 35.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median income for a household in the village was $35,357, and the median income for a family was $37,000. Males had a median income of $27,083 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,533. There were no families and 2.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 11.8% of those over 64. Education The Village of Gattman is served by the Monroe County School District. References Villages in Monroe County, Mississippi Villages in Mississippi

122373

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatley%2C%20Mississippi

Hatley, Mississippi

Hatley is a town in Monroe County, Mississippi. The population was 482 at the 2010 census. Geography Hatley is located at east of Amory. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Tubbs Cross Roads. When Hatley became a town it was on land owned by the Tubb family and named Tubb's Crossroads. Several years later a group of Seventh Day Adventist migrated into the area, took control of town government in subsequent elections and renamed it Hatley in honor of a minister in the church they left when they moved to the Hatley area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 482 people residing in the town. 99.4% were White, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Pacific Islander and 0.2% of two or more races. As of the census of 2000, there were 476 people, 188 households, and 144 families residing in the town. The population density was 354.4 people per square mile (137.2/km2). There were 202 housing units at an average density of 150.4 per square mile (58.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.53% White, 1.26% African American and 0.21% Native American. There were 188 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.4% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.98. In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $44,167, and the median income for a family was $51,667. Males had a median income of $32,813 versus $26,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,726. About 8.7% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Hatley is served by the Monroe County School District. References Towns in Monroe County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck%20Hill%2C%20Mississippi

Duck Hill, Mississippi

Duck Hill is a town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 732 at the 2010 census. Duck Hill is located on U.S. Route 51, midway between Grenada and Winona. Big Bogue Creek flows east of the town. The Lucie E. Campbell Gospel and Heritage Festival takes place each July in Duck Hill. History Duck Hill is named for a large hill northeast of the town, where "Duck", a Choctaw chief, held war councils. Chief Duck was also a medicine man or shaman who treated his people. A statue of Chief Duck is located on U.S. Route 51 in Duck Hill, next to an old Illinois Central caboose. The first European-American settler in the area was John A. Binford in 1834, who acquired land following Indian Removal of the Choctaw, who were forced to cede their lands to the United States. He built the first home in the area, and developed his property as a cotton plantation, based on enslaved African-American workers. He became one of the region's most successful planters and large slaveholders. Binford was elected to the Mississippi Legislature. Duck Hill was a trading center for the cotton planters. In 1856 the Illinois Central Railroad completed a line from Chicago to New Orleans, and it built a depot at Duck Hill. This stimulated its businesses. The line is now used for freight operation by the Grenada Railway. A train wreck occurred at Duck Hill on October 19, 1862, when in the early morning hours two trains collided head-on, killing 34 men. Most of the dead were Confederate soldiers. It was the South's worst loss of life in a train accident to that time. During the Civil War, Binford's sons, James R. and John A. Jr., helped lead the Confederate "Company E" from Duck Hill, known as the "McClung Rifles". James R. Binford later was elected to the Mississippi State Senate. After white Democrats regained control of the state legislature following the Reconstruction era, he wrote the notorious Jim Crow laws for Mississippi. In 1887, regional businessmen hoped that Duck Hill would become a thriving mill town after iron ore was found nearby. Financial speculation followed. Tour of our Southern Correspondent reported in The New York Times: Duck Hill is the euphonious appellation of a straggling wee bit of a hamlet down in the depths of Mississippi, a dozen miles or so from Grenada, on the Illinois Central Railroad, known to the world and to history in something less than a wholesale way. Duck Hill was the site of a railroad robbery in 1888. Two armed men, Rube Burrow and Joe Jackson, clung to the outside of a train as it left the station, then climbed to the engine cab. They ordered the engineer to stop the train about a mile north of town. The robbers plundered the express car's safe of $3000, killing one man who tried to intervene. 20th century to present In 1930, the Lloyd T. Binford High School opened in Duck Hill. (It was named for Lloyd T. Binford, son of state senator James R. Binford, who had become a Memphis insurance executive and film censor. He was noted for his views on "Southern womanhood" and white supremacy.) The city also built an agriculture education facility for its vocational students, who were overwhelmingly African American in the segregated system. A new elementary school was constructed in 1963. The schools have since been closed because of declining population in the town. The high school's gymnasium is used as a community center. In 2012, a committee of volunteers was established to preserve the high school, which has suffered from vandalism. During World War II, African Americans from across the country were among soldiers trained and stationed in the South. Many resented the segregation of public facilities they were forced to observe. In 1943, fifteen armed black soldiers from nearby Camp McCain came to Duck Hill during the night and began firing into the town. There were no injuries. The soldiers were upset about a recent white assault against a group of black soldiers at nearby Starkville. Senator Trent Lott, whose father sharecropped a stretch of cotton field in Duck Hill during the 1940s, said in 1999 while supporting a bill for public education: "I am a product of public education from the first grade through the second, third, and fourth grades where I went to school at Duck Hill, Mississippi, and I had better teachers in the second, third, and fourth grades in Duck Hill, Mississippi, than I had the rest of my life." Duck Hill lynchings of 1937 The brutal lynching of two black men, Roosevelt Townes and Robert "Bootjack" McDaniels, in Duck Hill mid-day on April 13, 1937, gained national publicity. These were among nine lynchings of African Americans by whites in Montgomery County, Mississippi from the post-Reconstruction period into the 20th century. Most occurred in the decades near the turn of the 20th century. The men had been arraigned in the Montgomery County Courthouse in the county seat of Winona, Mississippi, charged with murdering George Windham, a grocer in Duck Hill, in December 1936. Both men pleaded not guilty. Outside the courthouse a crowd had gathered, and then a group of 12 white men abducted the two accused men from the courthouse. Townes and McDaniels were loaded into a school bus and driven to a wooded area near Duck Hill. Hundreds of white people followed, and a crowd estimated at 300-500 looked on as Townes and McDaniels were each chained to a tree. A blowtorch was used to torture them, until each confessed to Windham's murder. Gasoline was doused on Townes, and on brush around him, and he was burned to death. McDaniels was riddled with bullets, and fatally shot through the head. The police officers who had been guarding the two defendants said they were unable to identify any members of the mob. As was typical in lynching cases, no one was charged in the abduction or murders. Newspapers carried a photograph of McDaniels' burned and tortured body chained to a tree, and the lynchings were nationally condemned. German newspapers at the time used the murders for propaganda, contrasting the lynchings to controls in Nazi Germany under the "humane" Nuremberg racial laws. Such publicity enabled Joseph A. Gavagan (D-New York) to gain support for anti-lynching legislation he had put forward in the House of Representatives; it was supported in the Senate by Democrats Robert F. Wagner (New York) and Frederick Van Nuys (Indiana). The legislation eventually passed in the House, but the white Democrats of the Solid South (most blacks in the region were disenfranchised) blocked it in the Senate, with Senator Allen Ellender even proclaiming, "We shall at all cost preserve the white supremacy of America." Their colleagues had similarly defeated anti-lynching legislation in the 1920s that was passed overwhelmingly by the House. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 746 people, 307 households, and 201 families residing in the town. The population density was 720.8 people per square mile (279.6/km2). There were 331 housing units at an average density of 319.8 per square mile (124.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 63.27% African American, 36.06% White and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population. There were 307 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 16.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.11. In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $24,118, and the median income for a family was $29,375. Males had a median income of $26,731 versus $15,639 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,550. About 18.9% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 32.6% of those age 65 or over. Economy There are several small businesses within the town limits. Of those include a small Jiffy Mart gas station where U.S. Route 51 and Main Street intersect and a Regions Bank. In September 2009, a Dollar General was opened adjacent to U.S. Route 51 in the north part of town. Arts and culture Lucie Campbell, a singer and composer of gospel music, was born in Duck Hill and a small memorial recounting her achievements in the music industry is located near the statue of Chief Duck. Churches The following is a list of churches in Duck Hill: Duck Hill Missionary Baptist Church Duck Hill Baptist Church MT Pleasant Missionary Baptist Church Wilkin Chapel Baptist Church Unity Baptist Church Sweet Home MB Church St. Mark MB Church Binford Chapel United Methodist Duck Hill Church of God In Christ Victory Apostolic Church of Duck Hill Education Winona-Montgomery Consolidated School District serves Duck Hill and operates its schools in Winona. Duck Hill was formerly served by the Montgomery County School District, which operated Montgomery County High School and Montgomery County Elementary School. The aforementioned schools were located in Kilmichael. The Duck Hill Head Start Center is a preschool located at 620 Carrollton St. At one time Duck Hill had its own elementary school, Duck Hill Elementary School; circa 2001 it had around 100 students. At that time school district officials were considering closing it and moving the students to Kilmichael Elementary. The district also, at one time, operated Duck Hill High School. Effective July 1, 2018 the Montgomery County and Winona Separate School District consolidated into the Winona-Montgomery district. Notable people Lloyd Binford, insurance executive and head of the Memphis Censor Board for 28 years. Roxcy Bolton, women's rights activist. Lucie Campbell, composer of hymns. References External links Duck Hill website Towns in Montgomery County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi Lynching deaths in Mississippi 1856 establishments in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmichael%2C%20Mississippi

Kilmichael, Mississippi

Kilmichael is a town in Montgomery County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 699 at the 2010 census. History The population in 1900 was 227. The Bank of Kilmichael was established in 1904. In 2001, the all-white board of aldermen cancelled town elections after citing a need for more time to implement election changes. Allegedly, the elections were delayed in order to avoid electing black politicians. The Justice Department intervened under the Voting Rights Act and forced a special election, in which Kilmichael elected its first black mayor and three black aldermen. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.36% is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 830 people, 314 households, and 233 families residing in the town. The population density was 298.7 people per square mile (115.3/km2). There were 367 housing units at an average density of 132.1 per square mile (51.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 53.37% African American, 46.27% White, 0.24% Native American, and 0.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population. There were 314 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 23.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $24,712, and the median income for a family was $30,909. Males had a median income of $25,192 versus $18,281 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,457. About 24.8% of families and 25.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.7% of those under age 18 and 28.4% of those age 65 or over. Education Kilmichael is served by the Winona-Montgomery Consolidated School District. Two schools in Kilmichael (Montgomery County Elementary and Montgomery County High School) closed in 2018. The Town of Kilmichael was previously served by the Montgomery County School District. Montgomery County Elementary School, formerly Kilmichael Elementary School, and Montgomery County High School were both located in Kilmichael. At one time Kilmichael Elementary had 1,000 students. In 1989, Kilmichael High School and Duck Hill High School consolidated into one school. In 1990, the name was changed to Montgomery County High School. Circa 2001 Kilmichael Elementary had 366 students. In 2004, Kilmichael Elementary and Duck Hill Elementary consolidated to form Montgomery County Elementary School. Effective July 1, 2018 the Montgomery County and Winona Separate School District consolidated into the Winona-Montgomery district. The initial plan is to have one elementary and one high school in Winona, just 11 miles west of Kilmichael. Notable people Grace Hightower - philanthropist, singer, actress and socialite. B.B. King - blues guitarist; reared in Kilmichael. See also References Towns in Montgomery County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122376

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20River%2C%20Mississippi

Pearl River, Mississippi

Pearl River is a census-designated place (CDP) in Neshoba County, Mississippi. It is one of the eight communities of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Reservation and the population is 80% Choctaw. The population was 3,156 at the 2000 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and (0.13%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 3,822 people, 1,082 households, and 793 families residing in the CDP. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 3,156 people, 803 households, and 655 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 102.7 people per square mile (39.7/km). There were 838 housing units at an average density of 27.3/sq mi (10.5/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 16.25% White, 1.43% African American, 80.35% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population. There were 803 households, out of which 50.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.0% were married couples living together, 28.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.4% were non-families. 13.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.58 and the average family size was 3.87. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 39.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,352, and the median income for a family was $26,348. Males had a median income of $22,295 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $8,544. About 26.9% of families and 28.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.3% of those under age 18 and 21.6% of those age 65 or over. Education Pearl River is served by the Neshoba County School District. Native American students are eligible to attend schools in the Choctaw Tribal School System, a non-public district operated by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. References Census-designated places in Mississippi Census-designated places in Neshoba County, Mississippi

122377

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%2C%20Mississippi

Philadelphia, Mississippi

Philadelphia is a city in and the county seat of Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 7,477 at the 2010 census. History Philadelphia is incorporated as a municipality; it was given its current name in 1903, two years before the railroad brought new opportunities & prosperity to the town. The history of the town and its influences- social, political and economic- can be seen in the many points of interest within and beyond the city limits. These range from the large ceremonial Indian mound and cave at Nanih Waiya, built approximately 1700 years ago and sacred to the Choctaw; to the still thriving Williams Brothers Store, a true old-fashioned general store founded in 1907 and featured in National Geographic in 1937 as a source of anything from "horse collars to straw hats." Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner In the mid-20th century, Mississippi was a battleground of the civil rights movement as, like other states of the South, it had long disfranchised blacks and subjected them to racial segregation and Jim Crow laws. Philadelphia in June 1964 was the scene of the murders of civil rights workers James Chaney, a 21-year-old black man from Meridian, Mississippi; Andrew Goodman, a 20-year-old Jewish anthropology student from New York City; and Michael Schwerner, a 24-year-old Jewish CORE organizer and former social worker, also from New York. Their deaths demonstrated the risks that civil rights workers took to secure the constitutional rights of African Americans. Ku Klux Klan members (including Cecil Price, a deputy sheriff of Neshoba County) released the three young men from jail, took them to an isolated spot, and killed them, then buried them in an earthen dam. It was some time after they disappeared before the bodies were discovered, as a result of an FBI investigation and national media attention. The national outrage over their deaths helped procure support for Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The murders and related conspiracy gave rise to the "Mississippi Burning" trial, United States v. Price. Reagan's visit On August 3, 1980, Ronald Reagan gave his first post-convention speech at the Neshoba County Fair after being officially chosen as the Republican nominee for President of the United States. He said: "I believe in states' rights ... I believe we have distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended to be given in the Constitution to that federal establishment." He went on to promise to "restore to states and local governments the power that properly belongs to them". Dupree's record breaker Marcus Dupree played high school football for the Philadelphia High School Tornadoes from 1978 to 1981. He was an outstanding athlete who was widely recognized for his achievements. Dupree scored 87 touchdowns total during his playing time in high school, breaking the record set by Herschel Walker by one. In 1981, Marcus's final High School football game was played at Warriors Stadium of the tribal high school at the Choctaw Indian Reservation. The author Willie Morris described the audience at Dupree's final high school game as "the most distinctive crowd I had ever seen ... four thousand or so people seemed almost an equal of mix of whites, blacks, and Indians ... " First black mayor In May 2009, Philadelphia elected its first black mayor, James A. Young, a 53-year-old Pentecostal preacher and a former county supervisor. He defeated Rayburn Waddell, a white, three-term incumbent, by 46 votes in the Democratic primary (there was no Republican challenger). Jim Prince, publisher of the local The Neshoba Democrat newspaper said, "Philadelphia will always be connected to what happened here in 1964, but the fact that Philadelphia, Mississippi, with its notorious past, could elect a black man as mayor, it might be time to quit picking on Philadelphia, Mississippi." Young's campaign staff credited Barack Obama's presidential campaign for increasing registration of black and young voters in Philadelphia, many of whom voted for Young. His term began July 3, 2009. 2011 Tornado On April 27, 2011, the town and surrounding areas were ravaged during the 2011 Super Outbreak when an EF5 tornado with winds of up to 205 MPH carved a path through town. Despite its incredible strength at the top of the Enhanced-Fujita Scale, only three people died as a result. It would be one of four EF5 tornadoes to strike on that day, and one of two in the state of Mississippi (the town of Smithville further north was decimated a short while later). It also became the first F5/EF5 tornado to strike in Mississippi in 45 years. Past Mayors Geography Philadelphia is located at (32.774070, -89.112891). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and (0.19%) is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 7,118 people, 2,836 households, and 1,804 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 7,303 people, 2,950 households, and 1,899 families residing in the city. The population density was 688.1 people per square mile (265.8/km). There were 3,302 housing units at an average density of 311.1 per square mile (120.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 55.54% White, 40.12% African American, 2.01% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino were 1.51% of the population. There were 2,950 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.00. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,438, and the median income for a family was $30,756. Males had a median income of $30,731 versus $20,735 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,787. About 25.1% of families and 28.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.1% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over. Arts and culture Museums and other points of interest Geyser Falls Water Theme Park Silver Star Casino Neshoba County Fair Choctaw Indian Fair Philadelphia-Neshoba County Museum Education The City of Philadelphia is served by the Philadelphia Public School District. Media The Neshoba Democrat is published in Philadelphia. It is a weekly newspaper that was established in 1881. Infrastructure Public utilities Cable television services for the city of Philadelphia are contracted to MetroCast Communications. Electrical utilities, as well as water and sewer service, are provided by the City of Philadelphia as Philadelphia Utilities. The natural gas utility is CenterPoint Energy. AT&T is the local telephone service provider. Notable people Adam Monroe Byrd, U.S. Congressman and practicing lawyer in Philadelphia, Mississippi Billy Cannon, college and pro football player, 1959 Heisman Trophy winner Turner Catledge, former editor-in-chief for the Chicago Sun Marcus Dupree, football player in NFL and USFL, also known for building the Mount Nebo Baptist Church in Philadelphia; subject of "The Best That Never Was", an episode in ESPN's 30 for 30 series Bob Ferguson, RCA Victor record producer and songwriter, known for his song "On the Wings of a Dove" that was recorded first by Ferlin Husky in the early 1960s Stan Frazier, professional wrestler better known as Uncle Elmer Michael Wilson Hardy, country music singer-songwriter and goes by the name Hardy Iris Kelso, journalist Phillip Martin, Chief of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Fred McAfee, player for New Orleans Saints and Pittsburgh Steelers, Director of Player Development for Saints Joe H. Mulholland, lawyer and Mississippi state senator Lallah Miles Perry, painter and artist Clayton Rand, journalist and author Earl S. Richardson, longtime Mississippi state legislator Otis Rush, musician in Blues Hall of Fame Marty Stuart, country music entertainer and Grand Ole Opry star References External links Official webpage for the City of Philadelphia Cities in Mississippi Cities in Neshoba County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122378

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker%2C%20Mississippi

Tucker, Mississippi

Tucker is a census-designated place (CDP) in Neshoba County, Mississippi. It is one of the eight communities of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Reservation and the population is 93% Choctaw. The population was 534 at the 2000 census. Geography Tucker is located at (32.706559, -89.055984). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and (0.55%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 534 people, 154 households, and 125 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 146.4 people per square mile (56.5/km). There were 159 housing units at an average density of 43.6/sq mi (16.8/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 5.99% White, 0.19% African American, 92.88% Native American, 0.56% from other races, and 0.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population. There were 154 households, out of which 53.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.8% were married couples living together, 34.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.2% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.47 and the average family size was 3.76. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 42.5% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 11.2% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.5 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $21,607, and the median income for a family was $19,943. Males had a median income of $16,458 versus $16,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,939. About 33.0% of families and 31.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 59.3% of those age 65 or over. Education Tucker is served by the Neshoba County School District. Native American students are eligible to attend schools in the Choctaw Tribal School System, a non-public district operated by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. References Census-designated places in Mississippi Census-designated places in Neshoba County, Mississippi

122379

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunky%2C%20Mississippi

Chunky, Mississippi

Chunky is a town in Newton County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 344 at the 2000 census. History The town has roots as a Choctaw village named Chanki Chitto, which was named after the Choctaw game Tchungkee, a game played with spears and polished stones. In 1811, the native American leader Tecumseh visited the village as he was building a confederacy of native American tribes. In 1848, the town of Chunkyville was established on the location. In 1861, upon news that a railway was to be built in the vicinity, Chunkyville was moved to its present location and was incorporated that year. In 1863 a train carrying injured confederate veterans on the Southern Railroad crashed in Chunky. In 1864, a force commanded by William T. Sherman attacked two brigades of Confederate troops commanded by Stephen D. Lee and captured the Chunky railway station. On June 16, 1911, a black man, William Bradford was lynched in Chunky. He was hanged by a mob after being accused of attempting to murder two white farmers. Geography Chunky is located along the Chunky River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Chunky is located west of Meridian. U.S. 80 passes through the town. Demographics As of the census of 2010, there were 326 people, 120 households, and 95 families residing in the town. The population density was 412.9 people per square mile (160.0 per km2). There were 136 housing units at an average density of 163.2 per square mile (63.3 per km2). The racial makeup of the town was 87.79% White, 1.74% African American, 9.30% from Choctaw races, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.76% of the population. There were 120 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.28. In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $34,861, and the median income for a family was $45,313. Males had a median income of $32,813 versus $26,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,498. About 16.2% of families and 16.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. Economy The Lazy Acres Pumpkin Patch is a themed farm town in Chunky open to tourists. Activities include pig races, a giant corn maze, interactions with farm animals, a hayride, face painting, sand art, and food concessions. Chunky River The Chunky River is a tourist attraction. The river forms from the confluence of two creeks a few miles west of the town. The Chunky River has little development along its shores, and is used for canoeing and kayaking. While the river is shallow, occasionally, there are sections where the paddle will not reach the bottom. One such section is known as the "Deep Eddy". Otherwise, the river is seldom deeper than a few feet, and where there are mild rapids, the river may only be a few inches in depth. There is a public landing east of town on the Highway 80 bridge, and another public landing farther east, at another Highway 80 bridge. This section of river is known as the "Seven Mile Bend", although it is approximately in length. The ease of accessibility makes this area the most used section of the river. Education The Town of Chunky is served by the Newton County School District, though some of the households within the 39323 postal district are in the West Lauderdale school district, part of the Lauderdale County School District. Infrastructure Railroads The Kansas City Southern Railroad goes through Chunky. Approximately 25 freight trains per day travel through the town. On each side of Chunky, there are sidings at Meehan Junction to the east, and Hickory to the west. The railroad crosses the Chunky River in two places just east of town, and between these two trestles is a very popular photography spot for train buffs to take photos of the trains as they cross the river. The railroad crosses the Chunky River west of town on a much smaller trestle, known locally as "break down". It was on this site that the trestle collapsed under a troop-carrying train of Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War; the wreck is called the Chunky Creek Train Wreck of 1863. A Confederate regiment of Choctaw Indians camping nearby saved many lives of soldiers who had been thrown into the raging flood swollen river. References Towns in Newton County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122380

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decatur%2C%20Mississippi

Decatur, Mississippi

Decatur is a town in and the county seat of Newton County, Mississippi. The population was 1,841 at the 2010 census. This town is named after war hero Stephen Decatur, Jr. Geography Decatur is located at (32.439557, -89.112047). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,945 people, 614 households, and 385 families residing in the town. 2000 As of the census of 2000, there were 1,426 people, 407 households, and 269 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,379.9 people per square mile (534.5/km2). There were 463 housing units at an average density of 448.0 per square mile (173.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 66.41% White, 32.54% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population. There were 407 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.85. In the town, the population was spread out, with 16.5% under the age of 18, 41.8% from 18 to 24, 16.4% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $28,333, and the median income for a family was $37,115. Males had a median income of $28,875 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,839. About 14.8% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over. Notable people Lamar Blount, former end in the National Football League Charles Evers, first post-Reconstruction African American mayor in Mississippi Medgar Evers, civil rights activist W. H. Johnson Jr., state legislator See also American Legion Hut (Decatur, Mississippi) References Towns in Newton County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122381

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hickory%2C%20Mississippi

Hickory, Mississippi

Hickory is a town in Newton County, Mississippi. The population was 530 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Andrew Jackson, nicknamed "Old Hickory," who passed through the area on his way to fight the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Geography Hickory is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 499 people, 190 households, and 137 families residing in the town. The population density was 535.9 people per square mile (207.2/km2). There were 207 housing units at an average density of 222.3 per square mile (85.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 43.69% White, 55.11% African American, 0.20% Native American, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population. There were 190 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 24.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.10. In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $25,417, and the median income for a family was $29,286. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,700. About 21.4% of families and 26.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under age 18 and 39.7% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Hickory is served by the Newton County School District. Notable people Charlie Armstrong, former NFL Halfback, fullback, quarterback Joe Gibbon, professional baseball player Mike Granger, sprinter D. Michael Hurst Jr., United States Attorney for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi Bob Johnson, founder of BET Georgia Tann, former head of the Tennessee Children's Home Society References Towns in Newton County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122382

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%2C%20Mississippi

Newton, Mississippi

Newton is a city in Newton County, Mississippi. The population was 3,373 in the 2010 census. Geography Newton is located south of I-20 and U.S. Route 80 approximately 25 miles west of Meridian in south central Newton County. Potterchitto Creek flows past the west and north sides of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and 0.14% is water. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 3,195 people, 1,305 households, and 877 families residing in the city. 2008 As of 2008, there were 3,674 people, 1,420 households, and 971 families residing in the city. The population density was 516.7 people per square mile (199.5/km). There were 1,638 housing units at an average density of 228.8 per square mile (88.3/km). The racial makeup of the city was 43.90% White, 54.69% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population. There were 1,420 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 22.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.07. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $30,067, and the median income for a family was $32,527. Males had a median income of $26,471 versus $19,333 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,476. About 20.1% of families and 24.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.2% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over. Education The City of Newton is served by the Newton Municipal School District. History The Battle of Newton's Station was fought here on April 24, 1863 during Grierson's Raid of the American Civil War. Notable people Oree Banks, head football coach at South Carolina State University from 1965 to 1972 and at West Virginia State University from 1977 to 1983 James Evans, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 70th District Stan Hindman, former professional American football defensive lineman in the National Football League for seven seasons for the San Francisco 49ers Jimbeau Hinson, country music singer-songwriter Shorty McWilliams, former player for the Pittsburgh Steelers Paul Overstreet, country singer/songwriter Richard Parks, fantasy, science fiction and horror writer Elton Watkins, Congressman representing Oregon's 3rd congressional district from 1923 to 1925 References External links City of Newton Newton Chamber of Commerce County Website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Newton County, Mississippi

122383

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooksville%2C%20Mississippi

Brooksville, Mississippi

Brooksville is a town in Noxubee County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,223 at the 2010 census. The Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge is located west of the town, and the Black Prairie Wildlife Management Area is located to the north. History The town's name comes from the several brooks which flow nearby. A post office was established in 1846, and the town was incorporated in 1860. Brooksville was a stop on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, built in the 1850s. Brooksville has a large Holdemann Mennonite community. Geography Brooksville is located at (33.232853, -88.581600). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 915 people, 448 households, and 303 families residing in the town. 2000 census At the census of 2000, there were 1,182 people, 439 households, and 305 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,189.1 people per square mile (461.0/km2). There were 480 housing units at an average density of 482.9 per square mile (187.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 19.12% White, 79.61% African American, 0.17% Asian, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population. There were 439 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.2% were married couples living together, 33.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.30. In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.7% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.6 males. The median income for a household in the town was $16,146, and the median income for a family was $20,804. Males had a median income of $26,513 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,001. About 38.0% of families and 44.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 57.9% of those under age 18 and 25.2% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, Brooksville had the 24th-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000. Economy Peco Foods has had a poultry processing plant in Brooksville since 1993, which employs 232 workers. Education The town of Brooksville is served by the Noxubee County School District. Notable people Dave Madison, professional baseball player. Frederick O'Neal, actor, director, and revolutionary trade unionist. References Towns in Noxubee County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford%20%28disambiguation%29

Stafford (disambiguation)

Stafford is the county town of Staffordshire, England. Stafford may also refer to: Places Other places in England Stafford, Dolton, Devon Stafford (UK Parliament constituency) Stafford Castle Stafford, Staffordshire Borough of Stafford, a district of Staffordshire County of Stafford, another name for Staffordshire West Stafford, in Dorset United States Stafford, California (disambiguation) Stafford, Humboldt County, California Stafford, Sutter County, California, historic name of a hamlet now superseded by Live Oak, Sutter County, California Stafford, Connecticut Stafford, Kansas Stafford, Nebraska Stafford Township, New Jersey Stafford, New York Stafford, Ohio Stafford, Texas Stafford, Virginia Stafford County, Virginia Australia Stafford, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane Electoral district of Stafford, Queensland, Australia South Africa Stafford, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg People Surname Stafford (surname) Given name Stafford Beer (1926–2002), British theorist Stafford Cripps (1889–1952), British politician Stafford Huyler, cartoonist who created the webcomic NetBoy Stafford Repp (1918–1974), American character actor Stafford Fairborne (1666–1742), British politician Anthony Stafford Beer (1926-2002), British theorist, consultant and professor at the Manchester Business School John Stafford Smith (1750–1836), British composer, church organist, and musicologist Other The Stafford London is a boutique hotel in St. James's, London, England Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act Stafford Farm, a farm in Voorhees, New Jersey Stafford Loan, a type of loan offered to American students demonstrating financial need Stafford Plantation, Cumberland Island, Georgia, United States Stafford, a character from Thomas & Friends Stafford, a clothing line from J. C. Penney Stafford, short for Staffordshire Bull Terrier See also Staffort, in Germany Strafford (disambiguation) Stratford (disambiguation) Justice Stafford (disambiguation)

122385

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macon%2C%20Mississippi

Macon, Mississippi

Macon is a city in Noxubee County, Mississippi along the Noxubee River. The population was 2,768 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Noxubee County. History In 1817, Jackson's Military Road was built at the urging of Andrew Jackson to provide a direct connection between Nashville and New Orleans. The road crossed the Noxubee River just west of Macon, located at the old Choctaw village of Taladega, now the site of the local golf club. The road declined in importance in the 1840s, largely due to the difficulty of travel in the swamps surrounding the Noxubee River in and west of Macon. The route for the most part was replaced by the Robinson Road, which ran through Agency and Louisville before joining the Natchez Trace, bypassing Macon. On September 15, 1830, US government officials met with an audience of 6,000 Choctaw men, women and children at Dancing Rabbit Creek to explain the policy of removal through interpreters. The Choctaws faced migration west of the Mississippi River or submitting to U.S. and state law as citizens. The treaty would sign away the remaining traditional homeland to the United States; however, a provision in the treaty made removal more acceptable. The town was named Macon on August 10, 1835 in honor of Nathaniel Macon, a statesman from North Carolina. The city served as the capital for the state of Mississippi during the Civil War from 1863 onward. The legislature was housed in the Calhoun Institute, which also housed Governor Charles Clark's office and served as one of several hospital sites in Macon. In October 1865, Governor Benjamin Humphreys attempted to retrieve the furniture from the governor's mansion to Jackson, however it had been either destroyed or stolen. Lynchings In 1871, William Coleman, a black Macon resident who allegedly failed to tip his hat to a white man, was shot, beaten, stabbed, whipped, and left for dead by the Ku Klux Klan. Coleman survived and later testified about his ordeal before congress. On January 1, 1898, James Jones was lynched in Macon. On June 30, 1898, Henry Williams, was lynched in Macon, after being accused of rape. On February 18, 1901, Fred Isham and Henry Isham were lynched in Macon. On May 4, 1912, George Somerville was taken from the sheriff and hanged by a mob for an alleged shooting. On May 7, 1912, G.W. Edd was lynched On May 20, 1927, Dan Anderson was lynched in Macon. On June 27, 1919, in an incident described as part of the Red Summer, a mob of white citizens including a banker and a deputy sheriff, among many others, attacked prominent black citizens. In May 1929, Steven Jenkins was killed by a mob of white citizens. No legal action was considered. In 2016, Macon was the poorest town (1,000–3,000 population) in the United States. The Noxubee County library is located in Macon. The building, which was constructed as a jail in 1907, still contains a gallows. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,582 people, 1,110 households, and 724 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,461 people, 906 households, and 587 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,624.8 people per square mile (629.3/km2). There were 1,015 housing units at an average density of 670.1 per square mile (259.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 31.49% White, 67.33% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 906 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 27.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.25. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $20,800, and the median income for a family was $26,696. Males had a median income of $22,969 versus $16,898 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,568. About 29.2% of families and 36.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.3% of those under age 18 and 21.8% of those age 65 or over. Notable people Larry Anderson, basketball coach for MIT Buster Barnett, former NFL player for the Buffalo Bills Carey Bell, blues harmonicist Cornelius Cash, basketball player Eddy Clearwater, blues guitarist and singer, born Edward Harrington in Macon in 1935. Cousin of Harmonicist Carey Bell. Darion Conner, former professional football player with the Atlanta Falcons Willie Daniel, NFL football player Jesse Fortune, blues singer Victoria Clay Haley, suffragist Nate Hughes, former professional football player with Jacksonville Jaguars, and Detroit Lions Stephen D. Lee, confederate general, slaveholder, farmed the Devereaux plantation for ten years. Samuel Pandolfo, businessman America W. Robinson, African American educator; contralto (Fisk Jubilee Singers) Deontae Skinner, NFL player Purvis Short, former professional basketball player Nate Wayne, former NFL football player with Green Bay Packers, Denver Broncos, and Philadelphia Eagles Israel Victor Welch, Confederate politician and lawyer lived in Macon after the war Margaret Murray Washington, educator; wife of Booker T. Washington Ben Ames Williams, novelist Education Historically, the city of Macon had the largest schools in Noxubee County, including Macon High School (Mississippi). In 1917, the city proposed consolidation of the school district with Noxubee County, with the goal of replacing the single-teacher system prevalent throughout the county. The City of Macon is now served by the Noxubee County School District. East Mississippi Community College offers some courses at Noxubee County High School in Macon. When federal courts mandated integration of the public schools, a segregation academy, Central Academy, was built in Macon, secretly using public school funds to construct the private school. White student enrollment in public schools dropped from 829 to 71 during this period. Attendance at Central Academy eventually dwindled to 51 students, resulting in the shuttering of the school following the 2017 school year. Media The first newspaper in Macon was the Macon intelligencer, which operated from 1838 to 1840. Another paper, the Macon Herald ran from 1841 to 1842. The Macon Beacon was established in 1849. It served Macon as a daily from 1859 to 1995. It continues to operate as a weekly, published on Thursdays. There is a local radio station, WPEZ 93.7 FM. Sports The Noxubee County High School football and basketball teams compete in District 4A. The football team won the 2009 and 2012 State Championship. The Noxubee High School Tigers girls basketball team won back to back state titles in 1993–94. References Cities in Mississippi Cities in Noxubee County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi 1833 establishments in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starkville%2C%20Mississippi

Starkville, Mississippi

Starkville is a city in, and the county seat of, Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, United States. Mississippi State University is a land-grant institution and is located partially in Starkville but primarily in an adjacent unincorporated area designated by the United States Census Bureau as Mississippi State, Mississippi. The population was 25,653 in 2019. Starkville is the most populous city of the Golden Triangle region of Mississippi. The Starkville micropolitan statistical area includes all of Oktibbeha County. The growth and development of Mississippi State in recent decades has made Starkville a marquee American college town. College students and faculty have created a ready audience for several annual art and entertainment events such as the Cotton District Arts Festival, Super Bulldog Weekend, and Bulldog Bash. The Cotton District, North America's oldest new urbanist community, is an active student quarter and entertainment district located halfway between Downtown Starkville and the Mississippi State University campus. History The Starkville area has been inhabited for over 2,100 years. Artifacts in the form of clay pot fragments and artwork dating from that time period have been found east of Starkville at the Herman Mound and Village site, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The village site can be accessed from the Indian Mound Campground. The earthwork mounds were made by early Native Americans of moundbuilder cultures as part of their religious and political cosmology. Shortly before the American Revolutionary War period, the area was inhabited by the Choccuma (or Chakchiuma) tribe. They were annihilated about that time by a rare alliance between the Choctaw and Chickasaw peoples. Early 19th Century The modern European-American settlement of the Starkville area was started after the Choctaw inhabitants of Oktibbeha County surrendered their claims to land in the area in the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830. Most of the Native Americans of the Southeast were forced west of the Mississippi River during the 1830s and Indian Removal. White settlers were drawn to the Starkville area because of two large springs, which Native Americans had used for thousands of years. A mill on the Big Black River southwest of town produced clapboards, giving the town its original name, Boardtown in 1834. The first court met in 1834 under a large tree. In 1835, when Boardtown was established as the county seat of Oktibbeha County, it was renamed as Starkville in honor of Revolutionary War hero General John Stark. A log courthouse and a one-room jailhouse were constructed in 1835. The jailhouse was unusual in that it had no doors or windows. Prisoners were made to climb a ladder to the roof and then let down through a trap door using a rope. The first newspaper was founded in 1847. Originally titled The Starkville Whig, it was later renamed The Broad Ax. Reconstruction to the 20th century In 1865, during reconstruction, the officer in charge of Starkville allowed a negro accused of raping a white girl to be lynched by running him down with hounds. In 1875 a fire destroyed 52 buildings. The entire business district was destroyed. A carpetbagger named McLaughlin, who served as the local head of the Freedmen's Bureau, assisted in the establishment of a negro Methodist church and established a cooperative store for negroes in his home. The boldness of the negroes enraged the white citizens so the Klan attacked the store. McLaughlin was dressed in women's clothing and spirited out of town, but later returned with Federal troops. On May 5, 1879, two black men who had been accused of burning a barn, Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer, were taken from the jail by a mob of men and hung from crossties of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. In 1888, a mob hanged an African-American man, Eli Bryant, for an alleged attack on a white woman. Several newspapers were founded in this time period, including The Starkville News in 1891. Early banks included The Peoples Bank in 1889 and Security State Bank in 1896. A yellow fever epidemic in 1898 resulted in a quarantine of Starkville's railroads by the towns of West Point, Columbus, Artesia and Kosciusko. This resulted in a depletion of medical and other supplies which ultimately resulted in intervention by the state. 20th century Before the Civil War, Colonel Montgomery imported cattle from the isle of Jersey, initiating the areas prominence as a dairy center. In 1912, the co-operative creamery was created, and in 1926 the Borden Condensary was established. In April 1912, Gabe (sometimes reported as Abe) Coleman, an African-American man was accused of attacking a farmer's wife and was shot to death by a mob. Nine men were tried for the murder. In February 1912, another African-American man, Mann Hamilton, was murdered by a mob for allegedly attacking a woman. Following an incident in which whites fired into a Republican Meeting at a church in Chapel Hill, Mississippi, killing a black man, a group of black men planned a march in Starkville. They were met at a bridge near the A & M dairy barn by white men from Starkville and West Point armed with cannon loaded with buckshot and iron. In 1915, two African-American men, Dit Seals and Peter Bolen, were hanged in a public execution while a crowd of 5,000, including blacks and whites, and children watched and sang There is a Land of Pure Delight. The crowd ate lunch while the execution was being conducted. Vendors were on hand selling popcorn, soda water and sandwiches. The men had been convicted of killing Willie Taylor, an African-American porter on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The story was widely reported as a "gala hanging" sponsored by the merchants of Starkville by various newspapers including the New York World and Chicago Tribune, while the Detroit Times described it as little better than a lynching. In 1922, Starkville was the site of a large rally of the Ku Klux Klan. In 1926 the Borden Condensery was established, the first condensery in the southern U.S. At the time, Starkville was served by two railroads, the Illinois Central and the Mobile and Ohio. In 1970, several Black organizations organized a boycott or selective buying campaign. This was met with firebombings, and a crowd of African-Americans assembled near Henderson High School was broken up by gunfire. 21st Century On March 21, 2006, Starkville became the first city in Mississippi to adopt a smoking ban for indoor public places, including restaurants and bars. This ordinance went into effect on May 20, 2006. In February 2018, Starkville denied a local LGBTQ organization a permit to host a pride parade. The organizers initiated legal action, after which the city reversed its decision. The parade was held in March 2018 with almost 3,000 attendees. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.8 square miles (66.9 km²), of which 25.7 square miles (66.5 km) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km) (0.58%) is water. U.S. Route 82 and Mississippi Highways 12 and 25 are major roads through Starkville. US 82 runs east to west across the northern portion of the city as a bypass, leading east 25 mi (40 km) to Columbus and northwest 28 mi (45 km) to Eupora. Route 25 leads south 31 mi (50 km) to Louisville and Route 12 leads southwest 26 mi (42 km) to Ackerman. The nearest airport with scheduled service is Golden Triangle Regional Airport (GTR). George M. Bryan Field (KSTF) serves as Starkville's general aviation airport. There are multiple privately owned airstrips in the area. Climate Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 24,360 people, 10,092 households, and 4,895 families residing in the city. 2010 census As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 23,888 people, 9,845 households, and 4,800 families residing in the city. The population density was 936.4 people per square mile (328.7/km). There were 11,767 housing units at an average density of 396.7/sq mi (153.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 58.5% white, 34.06% African American, 0.2% Native American, 3.75% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.8% of the population. There were 9,845 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.1% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.92. The age distribution, strongly influenced by the presence of Mississippi State, was 18.8% under 18, 29.7% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,357, and the median income for a family was $40,557. Males had a median income of $35,782 versus $23,711 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,787. About 19.1% of families and 33.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over. Religion Starkville has more than 80 places of worship, which serve most religious traditions. Faculty, staff and students at Mississippi State University, including those from other nations, have greatly increased the city's diversity. As of October 2007, approximately half (49.74%) of the residents of Starkville claim a religious affiliation; most are Christian. Of those claiming affiliation, 41.59% self-identify as Protestant, including 25% Baptist and 11% Methodist. Lower percentages identify as Catholic, Mormon, Hindu and Muslim. Arts and culture Cotton District The Cotton District is a neighborhood located in Starkville that was redeveloped as part of the new urbanism movement. It was founded in 1969 by Dan Camp, who was the developer, owner and property manager of much of the area. The architecture of the Cotton District has historical elements and scale, with Greek Revival mixed with Classical or Victorian. It is a compact, walkable neighborhood that contains many restaurants and bars, in addition to thousands of unique residential units. Libraries The Starkville-Oktibbeha County Public Library System is headquartered at its main branch in Downtown Starkville. In addition to the local public library, the Mississippi State University Library has the largest collection in Mississippi. The Mississippi State Mitchell Memorial Library also hosts the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library and the Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana. Government Executive and legislative authority in the city of Starkville is respectively vested in a mayor and seven-member board of aldermen concurrently elected to four-year terms. Since 2017 the mayor has been Lynn Spruill, a Democrat and the first female mayor elected in Starkville's history. Starkville has a strong-mayor government, with the mayor having the power to appoint city officials and veto decisions by the board of aldermen. Starkville is split between Mississippi House districts 38 and 43, currently represented by Democrat Cheikh Taylor and Republican Rob Roberson. The city is similarly split between Mississippi Senate districts 15 and 16 represented by Republican Bart Williams and Democrat Angela Turner-Ford. Starkville and Oktibbeha County are in the northern districts of the Mississippi Transportation Commission and Public Service Commission, represented by Republican John Caldwell and Democrat Brandon Presley. Starkville is in Mississippi's 3rd Congressional District, represented by Congressman Michael Guest. Education Public schools In 1927, the city and the Rosenwald Foundation opened a pair of schools, the Rosenwald School and the Oktibbeha County Training School, later known as Henderson High School, for its African-American residents. In 1970, integration caused the merger of these schools with the white schools. Henderson was repurposed as a junior high school, and the Rosenwald School was burned to the ground. Until 2015, Starkville and much of the surrounding area was served by the Starkville School District (SSD) while Oktibbeha County was served by Oktibbeha County School District (OCSD). The two districts were realigned following integration in 1970 in a way that placed Starkville and majority-white, relatively affluent areas immediately outside of the city limits into SSD while the remaining portions of Oktibbeha County, which are over 90% Black, were placed into OCSD. As a result of this disparity in the racial demographics of the two districts, Oktibbeha County was placed under a Federal desegregation order. Previous attempts to consolidate the two districts during the 1990s and in 2010 had been unsuccessful, but following an act of the Mississippi Legislature the two were consolidated in 2015. Contrary to predictions, the public schools experienced an inflow of students from private schools when the predominantly white Starkville School district merged with the predominantly black Oktibbeha schools. The schools continue to operate under a Federal desegregation order. The following schools of the Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District are located in Starkville: Sudduth Elementary (grades K-1) Henderson Ward Stewart Elementary (grades 2-4) Overstreet Elementary (grade 5) Armstrong Middle School (grades 6-8) Starkville High School (grades 9-12) Emerson Preschool Millsaps Career & Technology Center In 2015 it was announced that SOCSD and Mississippi State University would cooperate in establishing a partnership school. The school will be for all grade 6 and 7 students in Oktibbeha County and will be located on the Mississippi State University campus. The school will serve as an instructional site for students and faculty of Mississippi State University's College of Education, and as a one-of-a-kind rural education research center. Construction on the partnership school began in spring 2017. The school plans to open in August 2020. Prior to integration, African-American students in Starkville attended the historic Henderson High School. The school was later re-purposed as Starkville School District's junior high school and is now an elementary school. Private schools Private schools in Starkville include: Starkville Academy, founded 1969 Starkville Christian School, founded 1996 Starkville Academy has been described as a segregation academy. Despite fears that the consolidation of the Starkville and Oktibbeha County school districts in 2015 would lead to additional White flight to private schools, district consolidation actually resulted in decreased enrollment at area private schools as more white parents living in Oktibbeha County opted to enroll their children in the consolidated district. Tertiary education and libraries Mississippi State University is in the area. East Mississippi Community College is the designated community college for the county, but does not operate facilities in it. Starkville-Oktibbeha County Public Library System maintains the Starkville Library. Media Newspapers The Starkville Daily News The Reflector (MSU Student Newspaper) The Starkville Dispatch (a localized edition of The Commercial Dispatch) Radio WMSV (Mississippi State Radio Station) WMAB (Public Radio) WMSU WQJB WMXU WJZB WSMS WSSO (WSSO was Starkville's first radio station, first broadcasting in 1949 at 250W on 1230 AM) Television WCBI WTVA WLOV-TV Magazines Town and Gown Magazine Notable people Luqman Ali, musician Dee Barton, composer Cool Papa Bell, African-American baseball player; member of Baseball Hall of Fame Fred Bell, baseball player in the Negro leagues; brother of Cool Papa Bell Josh Booty, professional baseball and football player Julio Borbon, professional baseball player Marquez Branson, professional football player A.J. Brown, NFL wide receiver Harry Burgess, governor of the Panama Canal Zone, 1928–1932 Cyril Edward Cain, preacher, professor, historian; lived in Starkville John Wilson Carpenter III, distinguished U.S. Air Force pilot and commander Jemmye Carroll, appeared on MTV's The Real World and The Challenge Joe Carter, professional football player Hughie Critz, professional baseball player Sylvester Croom, first black football coach in the Southeastern Conference Mohammad "Mo" Dakhlalla, convicted of offenses related to his attempts to join ISIS in Syria Willie Daniel, professional football player and businessman Kermit Davis, basketball player and coach Al Denson, musician and Christian radio and television show host Antuan Edwards, professional football player Drew Eubanks, basketball player Rockey Felker, football player and coach Willie Gay, Jr., NFL linebacker William L. Giles, former president of Mississippi State University; lived in Starkville Scott Tracy Griffin, author, actor, and pop culture historian Horace Harned, politician Helen Young Hayes, investment manager Kim Hill, Christian singer Shauntay Hinton, Miss District of Columbia USA 2002, Miss USA 2002 Richard E. Holmes, medical doctor and one of the five young black Mississippians who pioneered the effort to desegregate the major universities of Mississippi; graduate of Henderson High School Bailey Howell, college and professional basketball player; lives in Starkville Gary Jackson, served in Mississippi Senate Paul Jackson, artist; spent childhood in Starkville Hayes Jones, gold medalist in 110-meter hurdles at Tokyo 1964 Olympics Martin F. Jue, amateur radio inventor, entrepreneur; founder of MFJ Enterprises Mark E. Keenum, president of Mississippi State University Harlan D. Logan, Rhodes Scholar, tennis coach, magazine editor, and politician Ray Mabus, former Mississippi governor Ben McGee, professional football player Jim McIngvale, businessman in Houston, Texas Shane McRae, actor William M. Miley, U.S. Army major general; professor of military science; lived in Starkville Freddie Milons, college and professional football player Leland Mitchell, professional basketball player Monroe Mitchell, professional baseball player William Bell Montgomery, agricultural publisher Jess Mowry, author of juvenile books Jasmine Murray, singer Travis Outlaw, professional basketball player Archie Pate, baseball player in the Negro leagues John Peoples, President of Jackson State University from 1967-1984 Ron Polk, Olympic and college Baseball Coach. Del Rendon, musician; lived in Starkville Jerry Rice, professional football player; member of NFL Hall of Fame and College Football Hall of Fame Dero A. Saunders, journalist and author Bill Stacy, football player, mayor of Starkville Rick Stansbury, Basketball coach John Marshall Stone, longest-serving governor of Mississippi; second president of Mississippi State University; namesake of Stone County, Mississippi April Sykes, professional basketball player in the Women's National Basketball Association Amy Tuck, former Mississippi Lieutenant Governor; lives in Starkville Latavious Williams, professional basketball player Jaelyn Young, terrorist In popular culture Pilot Charles Lindbergh, the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, made a successful landing on the outskirts of Starkville in 1927 during his Guggenheim Tour. He stayed overnight at a boarding house in the Maben community. Lindbergh later wrote about that landing in his autobiographical account of his barnstorming days, titled WE. Starkville is one of several places in the United States that claims to have created Tee Ball. Tee Ball was popularized in Starkville in 1961 by W.W. Littlejohn and Dr. Clyde Muse, members of the Starkville Rotarians. Johnny Cash was arrested for public drunkenness (though he described it as being picked up for picking flowers) in Starkville and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. This inspired his song "Starkville City Jail": They're bound to get you, Cause they got a curfew, And you go to the Starkville city jail.The song appears on the album At San Quentin. From November 2 to 4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in Starkville. At the festival, Cash was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon by the city. They honored Cash's life and music, and the festival was expected to become an annual event. The festival was started by Robbie Ward, who said: "Johnny Cash was arrested in seven places, but he only wrote a song about one of those places." In 2014, Gordon Ramsay visited the Hotel Chester in his series Hotel Hell in a successful attempt to help the struggling hotel remain in business. References External links Official City of Starkville Website Greater Starkville Development Partnership (GSDP) website Starkville Daily News website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi Micropolitan areas of Mississippi Articles containing video clips

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgis%2C%20Mississippi

Sturgis, Mississippi

Sturgis is a town in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. The population was 206 at the 2000 census. Sturgis annually hosts "THE RALLY", an all-bike motorcycle rally. According to Scott Smith, former Mayor of Sturgis, in 2005 around 20,000 visitors attended that year's rally. The most recent was August 2015. Geography Sturgis is located at (33.344027, -89.046618). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 206 people, 83 households, and 61 families residing in the town. The population density was 158.3 people per square mile (61.2/km). There were 92 housing units at an average density of 70.7 per square mile (27.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 93.69% White, 5.83% African American, 0.49% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population. There were 83 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.98. In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $33,125, and the median income for a family was $41,667. Males had a median income of $30,179 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,916. None of the families and 2.5% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 11.1% of those over 64. Education The Town of Sturgis is served by the Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District. West Oktibbeha County Elementary School (formerly Sturgis Elementary School) is in Sturgis. All residents are zoned to Armstrong Middle School and Starkville High School in Starkville. It was previously in the Oktibbeha County School District, and Sturgis had its own schools, including Sturgis High School, which was merged with Maben High School to form West Oktibbeha County High School. In 2013, the Mississippi Legislature passed a bill requiring that all Oktibbeha County schools be merged into the Starkville School District. In 2015 the West Oktibbeha County High School in Maben, which served Sturgis, consolidated into Starkville High. Sturgis is served by the Starkville-Oktibbeha County Public Library System which operateas the Sturgis Public Library. Sturgis South Bike Rally For fourteen straight years, taking advantage of the built-in name recognition of the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally in Sturgis, South Dakota, Sturgis was home to the annual Sturgis South Bike Rally, which drew crowds of as many as 20,000 people. After being discontinued due to a funding conflict between rally organizers and local government from 2011-2013, the rally resumed in 2014. Notable people Kirby Jackson, a former professional American football defensive back who played for the Los Angeles Rams and the Buffalo Bills, was born in Sturgis. Kid Thomas (musician) was born in Sturgis. References External links Greater Starkville Development Partnership Website Towns in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

122388

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batesville%2C%20Mississippi

Batesville, Mississippi

Batesville is a city in Panola County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 7,463 at the 2010 census. Batesville is one of two county seats which the legislature established for Panola County, related to a longstanding rivalry between towns on either side of the Tallahatchie River; the other is Sardis, located north of the river. History Batesville was founded in the 1850s following the construction of the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 7,523 people, 2,429 households, and 1,669 families residing in the city. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 7,113 people, 2,577 households, and 1,821 families residing in the city. The population density was 638.2 people per square mile (246.3/km2). There were 2,791 housing units at an average density of 250.4 per square mile (96.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 56.43% White, 41.88% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.82% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.60% of the population. There were 2,577 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 21.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.14. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $29,875, and the median income for a family was $38,849. Males had a median income of $30,998 versus $22,029 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,814. About 21.9% of families and 28.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.1% of those under age 18 and 27.0% of those age 65 or over. Education South Panola School District (SPSD) operates schools in Batesville and has its headquarters in Batesville. Batesville Elementary School, Batesville Intermediate School, Batesville Middle School, Batesville Junior High School, and South Panola High School serve Batesville. A private academy founded in 1987, North Delta School, also serves Panola County and the surrounding area. Infrastructure Transportation Rail service is provided by Grenada Railway (formerly Illinois Central Railroad). Amtrak's City of New Orleans used to provide passenger service, but the train was rerouted to the Delta region in 1995. The short-lived Batesville Southwestern Railroad was established in Batesville. Notable people Al Baker – former Major League Baseball player. Cliff Finch – governor of Mississippi from 1976 to 1980 Joe C. Gardner – Mississippi state legislator Jermarcus Hardrick - current CFL player for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers John Jerry - NFL offensive lineman Peria Jerry – University of Mississippi and Atlanta Falcons defensive tackle Ronnie Musgrove – governor of Mississippi from 2000 to 2004, was born in Tocowa in 1956 and reared in Batesville. Jameson Rodgers - Country music singer-songwriter Dwayne Rudd – former NFL player for the Minnesota Vikings, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Oakland Raiders, and Cleveland Browns. Deshea Townsend – Pittsburgh Steelers defensive back Sammy Vick – former Major League Baseball player Soulja Boy - rapper References External links Panola Partnership website Cities in Mississippi Cities in Panola County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi

122389

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Como%2C%20Mississippi

Como, Mississippi

Como is a town in Panola County, Mississippi, which borders the Mississippi Delta and is in the northern part of the state, known as hill country. The population was 1,279 as of the 2010 census. History In a 2007 article about the area, Wayne Drash, a CNN.com senior producer, described Como as "a hard-hit rural community." Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and 0.53% is water. It is south of Memphis, Tennessee. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,118 people, 590 households, and 284 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,310 people, 461 households, and 352 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.1 people per square mile (267.6/km2). There were 506 housing units at an average density of 267.3 per square mile (103.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 71.83% African American, 26.79% White, 0.08% Native American, 0.61% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.15% of the population. There were 461 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% were married couples living together, 31.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.30. In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.8 males. The median income for a household in the town was $22,344, and the median income for a family was $25,000. Males had a median income of $28,333 versus $18,977 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,278. About 31.3% of families and 37.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 57.2% of those under age 18 and 29.6% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Como is served by the North Panola School District. Como Elementary School in Como, North Panola Junior High School in Como, and North Panola High School in Sardis serve the community. Infrastructure The United States Postal Service operates the Como Post Office. Notable people Joe Henderson, R&B and gospel singer who had a 1962 hit with "Snap Your Fingers" was born in Como. Mississippi Fred McDowell, Jessie Mae Hemphill, Napoleon Strickland, Othar Turner, and R.L. Boyce are noted Hill Country blues musicians who lived in or near Como. Tommy Joe Martins, racecar driver, was born in Como. Jimbo Mathus, musician, has lived in Como since 2007, where he also runs the Delta Recording Studio, which records artists from around the world. Sharon McConnell-Dickerson, sculptor, lives and works in Como; she has created life castings of over 50 blues musicians. L. H. Musgrove was born in Como and moved to the American West. An outlaw, he was sprung from jail in Denver, Colorado, in the fall of 1868 and lynched by a vigilante mob. Luther Perkins, guitarist who played for singer Johnny Cash, spent most of his childhood in Como. Stark Young was born and grew up in Como. He became a novelist, best known for So Red the Rose (1934), adapted as a 1935 film by the same name. A member of the Southern Agrarians, he had taught in academia for several years before moving to New York City, where he also wrote several plays and worked as theatre critic for The New Republic and The New York Times. References Towns in Panola County, Mississippi Towns in Mississippi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardis%2C%20Mississippi

Sardis, Mississippi

Sardis is a town in Panola County, Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 1,703. Sardis is one of two county seats for Panola County, Mississippi; the other is Batesville, on the south side of the Tallahatchie River. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,748 people, 776 households, and 493 families residing in the town. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,038 people, 790 households, and 493 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,028.0 people per square mile (397.4/km). There were 862 housing units at an average density of 434.8 per square mile (168.1/km). The racial makeup of the town was 41.90% White, 56.43% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.54% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.47% of the population. There were 790 households, out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.24. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $23,042, and the median income for a family was $32,933. Males had a median income of $24,783 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,195. About 18.4% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.2% of those under age 18 and 24.1% of those age 65 or over. Education The Town of Sardis is served by the North Panola School District. North Panola Junior High School in Como and North Panola High School in Sardis serve the community. The Quitman County School District serves the portion of Crenshaw that lies in Quitman County. Notable people Charles P. Hall - Lieutenant general of the United States Army, who served in both World Wars. He commanded the XI Corps during the Battle of Bataan. Germany Kent - media personality. First person inducted into North Panola School District Hall of Fame. John C. Kyle - Democratic politician from the US state of Mississippi during the late 19th century. Nolan Mettetal - Mississippi state legislator References External links Panola Partnership website Paying Price to Win: KJ Jefferson Comes Back With Bruised Knee to Lead Win Towns in Mississippi Towns in Panola County, Mississippi County seats in Mississippi