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{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, History of bladder tumor with abnormal cytology and areas of erythema.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , History of bladder tumor with abnormal cytology and areas of erythema.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Cystoscopy.,2. Bladder biopsy with fulguration.,ANESTHESIA: , IV sedation with local.,SPECIMEN: , Urine cytology and right lateral wall biopsies.,PROCEDURE:, After the consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the operating room and given IV sedation. He was then placed in dorsal lithotomy position and prepped and draped in standard fashion. A #21 French cystoscope was then used to visualized the entire urethra and bladder. There was noted to be a narrowing of the proximal urethra, however, the scope was able to pass through. The patient was noted to have a previously resected prostate. On visualization of the bladder, the patient did have areas of erythema on the right as well as the left lateral walls, more significant on the right side. The patient did have increased vascularity throughout the bladder. The ________ two biopsies of the right lateral wall and those were sent for pathology. The Bovie cautery was then used to cauterize the entire area of the biopsy as well as surrounding erythema. Bovie was also utilized to cauterize the areas of erythema on the left lateral wall. No further bleeding was identified. The bladder was drained and the cystoscope was removed. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to the recovery room.,He will have his defibrillator restarted and will followup with Dr. X in approximately two weeks for the result. He will be discharged home with antibiotics as well as pain medications. He is to restart his Coumadin not before Sunday." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1749 }

{ "text": "CC:, Headache and diplopia.,HX:, This 39 y/o African American female began experiencing severe constant pressure pain type headaches beginning the last week of 8/95. The pain localized to bifronto-temporal regions of the head and did not radiate. There was no associated nausea, vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia. The HA's occurred daily; and throughout daylight hours. They diminished at bedtime, but occasionally awakened her in the morning.,Several days following the onset of her HA's, she began experiencing numbness and tingling about the right side of her face. These symptoms improved, but did not completely resolved.,Several days after the onset of facial paresthesias, she began to experience binocular horizontal diplopia. The diplopia resolved when covering either eye, and worsened upon looking toward the right. Coincidentally, she began veering toward the right when walking. She denied any weakness. She had had chronic unsteadiness for many years since developing juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. She was unsure whether her unsteadiness was due to poor depth perception in light of her diplopia.,The patient was admitted locally 9/2/95. HCT, 9/2/95 and Brain MRI with gadolinium, 9/3/95, were \"unremarkable.\" Lumbar puncture (done locally),9/3/95: Opening pressure 27cm H20, CSF analysis ( protein 14.0, glucose 66, O WBC, 3 RBC, VDRL non-reactive, Lyme titer unremarkable, Myelin basic protein 1.0 (normal <4.0), and there was no evidence of oligoclonal bands. ESR=76. On 9/11/95 ESR=110. Acetylcholine receptor binding and blocking antibodies were negative. 9/4/95, ANA and RF were negative. 7/94, ANA and RF were negative, and ESR=60.,MEDS: ,Tylenol 500mg q5-6hrs. No known Allergies.,PMH:, 1)Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis diagnosed at age 10 years; now in remission. 2)Right #5 finger reattachment as child due to traumatic amputation.,FHX: ,Mother died age 42 of unknown type cancer. Father died age 62 of unknown type cancer. 4 sisters, one brother and 2 half-brothers. One of the half-brothers has asthma.,SHX: ,Single, lives with sister, and denies Tobacco/ETOH/illicit drug use.,EXAM:, BP141/84, HR99, RR14, 36.8C, Wt. 82kg Ht. 152.,MS: A&O to person, place, time. Speech fluent; without dysarthria. Mood euthymic with appropriate affect.,CN: Decreased abduction, OD. In neutral gaze, the right eye deviated slightly lateral of midline. In addition, she had mild proptosis, OD. The right eye was nontender to palpation during extraocular movement. Visual fields were full to confrontation. Optic disks appeared flat. Face was symmetric with full movement and sensation. Gag, shoulder shrug and corneal responses were intact, bilaterally. Tongue was midline with full ROM.,MOTOR: 5/5 strength throughout with normal muscle bulk and tone.,SENSORY: Unremarkable.,COORD: Unremarkable FNF/HKS/RAM.,STATION: Unremarkable. NO Romberg's sign or drift.,GAIT: Narrow based gait. Able to TT and HW without difficulty. Mild difficulty with TW.,REFLEXES: 2+/2+ Throughout all 4 extremities. Flexor plantar responses, bilaterally.,Musculoskeletal: Swan neck deformities of the #2 and #3 digits of both hands.,GEN EXAM: unremarkable, except for obvious sign of right finger reattachment (mentioned above).,COURSE: ,Repeat lumbar puncture yielded: Opening pressure 20.25cm H20, protein 22, glucose 62, 2RBC, 1WBC. CSF cytology, ACE, cultures (bacterial, fungal, AFB), gram stain, cryptococcal antigen, and VDRL were negative. Serum ACE, TSH, FT4 were unremarkable.,Neuroophthalmology confirmed her right CN6 palsy and proptosis (OD); and noted her complaint of paresthesias in the V1 and V2 distribution. They saw no evidence of papilledema. Visual field testing was unremarkable. MRI Brain/orbit/neck with gadolinium, 10/20/95, revealed abnormal enhancing signal in the right cavernous sinus and sinus mucosal thickening in both maxillary sinuses/ethmoid sinuses/frontal sinuses. CXR, 10/20/95, showed a lobulated mass arising from the right hilum. The mass appeared to obstruct the right middle lobe, causing partial collapse of this lobe. Chest CT with contrast, 10/23/95, revealed a 3.2x4.5x4.0cm mass in the right hilar region with impingement on the right lower bronchus. There appeared to be calcification as well as low attenuation regions within the mass. No lymphadenopathy was noted. She underwent bronchoscopy with bronchial brushing and transbronchial aspirate of the right lung on 10/24/95: no tumor cells were identified, GMS stains were negative and there was no evidence of viral changes, fungus or PCP by culture or molecular assay. She underwent right maxillary sinus biopsy and right middle lobe wedge resection and lymph node biopsy on 11/2/95: Caseating granulomatous inflammation with associated inflammatory pseudotumor was found in both sinus and lung biopsy specimens. No sign of cancer was found. Tissue cultures (bacterial, fungal, AFB) were negative times 3. The patients case was discussed at Head and Neck Oncology Tumor Board and a differential diagnosis of Sarcoidosis, Histoplasmosis, Wegener's Granulomatosis, were considered. Urine Histoplasmosis Antigen testing on 11/8/95 was 0.9units (normal<1.0): repeat testing on 12/13/95 was 0.8units. ANCA serum titers on 11/8/95 were <1:40 (normal). PPD testing was negative 11/95 (with positive candida and mumps controls).,The etiology of this patient's illness was not discovered. She was last seen 4/96 and her diplopia and right CN6 palsy had moderately improved." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5458 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT: , I need refills.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient presents today stating that she needs refills on her Xanax, and she would also like to get something to help her quit smoking. She is a new patient today. She states that she has mesothelioma in the lining of her stomach and that it does cause her some problems with eating and it causes some chronic pain. She states that she is under the care of a cancer specialist; however, she just recently moved back to this area and is trying to find a doctor a little closer than his office. She states that she has tried several different things to help her quit smoking and she has failed everything and had heard good results about Chantix and wanted to give it a try.,OBJECTIVE: ,Well developed and well nourished. She does not appear to be in any acute distress. Cardiovascular: Regular rhythm. No murmurs, gallops, or rubs. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds. Peripheral pulses are 2+ bilaterally. Respiratory: Her lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally with good effort. No tenderness to palpation over chest wall. Musculoskeletal: She has full range of motion of all four extremities. No tenderness to palpation over long bones. Skin: Warm and dry. No rashes or lesions. Neuro: Alert and oriented x3. Cranial nerves II-XII are grossly intact. No focal deficits.,PLAN: , I did refill her medications. I have requested that she have her primary doctor forward her records to me. I have discussed Chantix and its use and success rate. She was given a prescription, as well as a coupon. She is to watch for any worsening signs or symptoms. She verbalized understanding of discharge instructions and prescriptions. I would like to see her back to proceed with her preventive health measures." }

[ { "label": " Office Notes", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1800 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Hematochezia.,2. Refractory dyspepsia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Colonic polyps at 35 cm and 15 cm.,2. Diverticulosis coli.,2. Acute and chronic gastritis.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Colonoscopy to cecum with snare polypectomy.,2. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURES: ,This is a 43-year-old white male who presents as an outpatient to the General Surgery Service with hematochezia with no explainable source at the anal verge. He also had refractory dyspepsia despite b.i.d., Nexium therapy. The patient does use alcohol and tobacco. The patient gave informed consent for the procedure.,GROSS FINDINGS: , At the time of colonoscopy, the entire length of colon was visualized. The patient was found to have a sigmoid diverticulosis. He also was found to have some colonic polyps at 35 cm and 15 cm. The polyps were large enough to be treated with snare cautery technique. The polyps were achieved and submitted to pathology. EGD did confirm acute and chronic gastritis. The biopsies were performed for H&E and CLO testing. The patient had no evidence of distal esophagitis or ulcers. No mass lesions were seen.,PROCEDURE: ,The patient was taken to the Endoscopy Suite with the heart and lungs examination unremarkable. The vital signs were monitored and found to be stable throughout the procedure. The patient was placed in the left lateral position where intravenous Demerol and Versed were given in a titrated fashion.,The video Olympus colonoscope was advanced per anus and without difficulty to the level of cecum. Photographic documentation of the diverticulosis and polyps were obtained. The patient's polyps were removed in a similar fashion, each removed with snare cautery. The polyps were encircled at their stalk. Increasing the tension and cautery was applied as coagulation and cutting blunt mode, 15/15 was utilized. Good blanching was seen. The polyp was retrieved with the suction port of the scope. The patient was re-scoped to the polyp levels to confirm that there was no evidence of perforation or bleeding at the polypectomy site. Diverticulosis coli was also noted. With colonoscopy completed, the patient was then turned for EGD. The oropharynx was previously anesthetized with Cetacaine spray and a biteblock was placed. Video Olympus GIF gastroscope model was inserted per os and advanced without difficulty through the hypopharynx. The esophagus revealed a GE junction at 39 cm. The GE junction was grossly within normal limits. The stomach was entered and distended with air. Acute and chronic gastritis features as stated were appreciated. The pylorus was traversed with normal duodenum. The stomach was again reentered. Retroflex maneuver of the scope confirmed that there was no evidence of hiatal hernia. There were no ulcers or mass lesions seen. The patient had biopsy performed of the antrum for H&E and CLO testing. There was no evidence of untoward bleeding at biopsy sites. Insufflated air was removed with withdrawal of the scope. The patient will be placed on a reflux diet, given instruction and information on Nexium usage. Additional recommendations will follow pending biopsy results. He is to also abstain from alcohol and tobacco. He will require follow-up colonoscopy again in three years for polyp disease." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3360 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Open, displaced, infected left atrophic mandibular fracture; failed dental implant.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Open, displaced, infected left atrophic mandibular fracture; failed dental implant.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of left atrophic mandibular fracture, removal of failed dental implant from the left mandible.,ANESTHESIA: , General nasotracheal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 125 mL.,FLUIDS GIVEN: , 1 L of crystalloids.,SPECIMEN: , Soft tissue from the fracture site sent for histologic diagnosis.,CULTURES: , Also sent for Gram stain, aerobic and anaerobic, culture and sensitivity.,INDICATIONS FOR THE PROCEDURE: , The patient is a 79-year-old male, who fell in his hometown, following an episode of syncope. He sustained a blunt trauma to his ribs resulting in multiple fractures and presumably also struck his mandible resulting in the above-mentioned fracture. He was admitted to hospital in Harleton, Texas, where his initial evaluation showed the rib fractures have also showed a nodule on his right upper lobe as well as a mediastinal mass. His mandible fracture was not noted initially. The patient also has a history of prostate cancer and a renal cell carcinoma. The patient at that point underwent a bronchoscopy with a biopsy of the mediastinal mass and the results of that biopsy are still pending. The patient later saw a local oral surgeon. He diagnosed his mandible fracture and advised him to seek treatment in Houston. He presented to my office for evaluation on January 18, 2010, and he was found to have an extremely atrophic mandible with a fracture in the left parasymphysis region involving a failed dental implant, which had been placed approximately 15 years ago. The patient had significant discomfort and could eat foods and drink fluids with difficulty. Due to the nature of his fracture and the complex medical history, he was sent to the hospital for admission and following cardiac clearance, he was scheduled for surgery today.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was taken to the operating room, and placed in a supine position. Following a nasal intubation and induction of general anesthesia, the surgeon then scrubbed, gowned, and gloved in the normal sterile fashion. The patient was then prepped and draped in a manner consistent with sterile procedures. A marking pen was first used to outline the incision in the submental region and it was extended from the left mandibular body to the right mandibular body region, approximately 1.5 cm medial to the inferior border of the mandible. A 1 mL of lidocaine 1% with 1:100,000 epinephrine was then infiltrated along the incision and then a 15-blade was used to incise through the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A combination of sharp and blunt dissection was then used to carry the dissection superiorly to the inferior border of the mandible. Electrocautery as well as 4.0 silk ties were used for hemostasis. A 15-blade was then used to incise the periosteum along the inferior border of the mandible and it was reflected exposing the mandible as well as the fracture site. The fracture site was slightly distracted allowing access to the dental implant within the bone and it was easily removed from the wound. Cultures of this site were also obtained and then the granulation tissue from the wound was also curetted free of the wound and sent for a histologic diagnosis. Manipulation of the mandible was then used to achieve an anatomic reduction and then an 11-hole Synthes reconstruction plate was then used to stand on the fracture site. Since there was an area of weakness in the right parasymphysis region, in the location of another dental implant, the bone plate was extended posterior to that site. When the plate was adapted to the mandible, it was then secured to the bone with 9 screws, each being 2 mm in diameter and each screw was placed bicortically. All the screws were also locking screws. Following placement of the screws, there was felt to be excellent stability of the fracture, so the wound was irrigated with a copious amount of normal saline. The incision was closed in multiple layers with 4.0 Vicryl in the muscular and subcutaneous layers and 5.0 nylon in the skin. A sterile dressing was then placed over the incision. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was taken to the recovery room with spontaneous respirations and stable vital signs. Estimated blood loss is 125 mL." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4492 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Hallux abductovalgus, right foot.,2. Hammer toe, right foot, second, third, fourth and fifth toes.,3. Tailor's bunionette, right foot.,4. Degenerative joint disease, right first metatarsophalangeal joint.,5. Rheumatoid arthritis.,6. Contracted fourth right metatarsophalangeal joint.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Hallux abductovalgus, right foot.,2. Hammer toe, right foot, second, third, fourth and fifth toes.,3. Tailor's bunionette, right foot.,4. Degenerative joint disease, right first metatarsophalangeal joint.,5. Rheumatoid arthritis.,6. Contracted fourth right metatarsophalangeal joint.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:,1. Bunionectomy, right foot with Biopro hemi implant, right first metatarsophalangeal joint.,2. Arthrodesis, right second, third, and fourth toes with external rod fixation.,3. Hammertoe repair, right fifth toe.,4. Extensor tenotomy and capsulotomy, right fourth metatarsophalangeal joint.,5. Modified Tailor's bunionectomy, right fifth metatarsal.,ANESTHESIA:, TIVA/local.,HISTORY:, This 51-year-old female presented to ABCD preoperative holding area after keeping herself NPO since mid night for surgery on her painful right foot bunion, hammer toes, and Tailor's bunion. The patient has a long history of crippling severe rheumatoid arthritis. She has pain with shoe gear and pain with every step. She has tried multiple conservative measures under Dr. X's supervision consisting of wide shoe's and accommodative padding all which have provided inadequate relief. At this time, she desires attempted surgical reconstruction/correction. The consent is available on the chart for review and the risks versus benefits of this procedure have been discussed with patient in detail by Dr. X.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , After IV was established by the Department of Anesthesia, the patient was taken to the operating room via cart and placed on the operating table in a supine position and a safety strap was placed across her waist for her protection. Next, copious amounts of Webril were applied about the right ankle and a pneumatic ankle tourniquet was applied over the Webril. Next, after adequate IV sedation was administered by the Department of Anesthesia, a total of 20 cc of 1:1 mixture of 0.5% Marcaine plain and 1% lidocaine were instilled into the right foot using a standard ankle block technique. Next, the foot was prepped and draped in the usual aseptic fashion. An Esmarch bandage was used to exsanguinate the foot and the pneumatic ankle tourniquet was elevated to 230 mmHg. The foot was lowered in the operative field. The sterile stockinette was reflected and attention was directed to the right first metatarsophalangeal joint. The joint was found to be severely contracted with lateral deviation of the hallux with a slightly overlapping contracted second toe. In addition, the range of motion was less than 5 degrees of the first ray. There was medial pinch callus and callus on the plantar right second metatarsal. Using a #10 blade, a linear incision over the first metatarsophalangeal joint was then created approximately 4 cm in length. Next, a #15 blade was used to deepen the incision to the subcutaneous tissue all which was found to be very thin taking care to protect the medial neurovascular bundle and the lateral extensor hallucis longus tendon. Any small vein traversing the operative site were clamped with hemostat and ligated with electrocautery. Next, the medial and lateral wound margins were undermined with sharp dissection. The joint capsule was then visualized. Two apparent soft tissue masses probably consistent with rheumatoid nodules were found at the distal medial aspect of the first metatarsal capsule. A dorsal linear incision to the capsular tissue down to bone was performed with a #15 blade. The capsule and periosteal tissues were elevated sharply off the metatarsal head and the base of proximal phalanx.,A large amount of hypertrophic synovium was encountered over the metatarsophalangeal joint. In addition, multiple hypertrophic exostosis were found dorsally, medially, and laterally over the metatarsal. Upon entering the joint, the base of the proximal phalanx was grossly deformed and the medial and lateral aspect were widely flared and encompassing the metatarsal head. A sagittal saw was used to carefully remove the base of the proximal phalanx just distal to the metaphyseal flare. Next, the bone was passed out as specimen. The head of the metatarsal had evidence of erosion and eburnation. The tibial sesamoid was practically absent, but was found to be a conglomeration of hypertrophic synovium and poorly differentiated appearing exostosis and bony tissue. This was hindering the range of motion of the joint and was removed. The fibular sesamoid was in the interspace. A lateral release was performed in addition. Next, the McGlamry elevators were inserted into the first metatarsal head and all of the plantar adhesions were freed. The metatarsal head was remodeled with a sagittal saw and all of the medial eminence the dorsal and lateral hypertropic bone was removed and the metatarsal head was shaped into more acceptable contoured structure. Next, the Biopro sizer was used and it was found that a median large implant would be the best fit for this patient's joint. A small drill hole was made in the central aspect at the base of the proximal phalanx. The trial sizer median large was placed in the joint and an excellent fit and increased range of motion was observed.,Next, the joint was flushed with copious amounts of saline. A median large porous Biopro implant was inserted using the standard technique and was tapped with the mallet into position. It had an excellent fit and the range of motion again was markedly increased from the preoperative level. Next, the wound was again flushed with copious amounts of saline. The flexor tendon was inspected and was found to be intact plantarly. A #3-0 Vicryl was used to close the capsule in a running fashion. A medial capsulorrhaphy performed and the toe assumed to more rectus position and the joint was more congruous. Next, the subcutaneous layer was closed with #4-0 Vicryl in a simple interrupted technique. Next, the skin was closed with #5-0 Monocryl in a running subcuticular fashion.,Attention was directed to the right second toe, which was found to be markedly contracted and rigid in nature. There was a clavus in the dorsal aspect of the head of the proximal phalanx noted. A linear incision was made over the proximal phalanx approximately 2 cm in length. The incision was deepened with #15 blade down to the subcutaneous tissue. Next, the medial and lateral aspects of the wound were undermined with sharp dissection taking care to protect the neurovascular structures.,Next, after identifying the extensor expansion and long extensor tendon, a #15 blade was used to transect the tendon at the level of the joint. The tendon was peeled off sharply, proximally, and distally. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments were released and the head of the proximal phalanx was delivered into the wound. The bone was found to be extremely soft in the toe joints and the head of the proximal phalanx was oddly shaped and the cartilage was eroded. The base of the middle phalanx, however, had a normal-appearing cartilage. A sagittal saw was used to transect the head of the proximal phalanx just proximal to metaphyseal flare. Next, the base of the middle phalanx was also resected. A 0.045 inch Kirschner wire was retrograded out at the end of the toe and then back through the residual proximal phalanx shaft. The toe assumed a straight and markedly increased straight position. An extensor hood resection was performed to assist in keeping the proximal phalanx plantar flexed. The joint was flushed with copious amounts of saline. A #3-0 Vicryl was used to reapproximate the tendon after arthrodesis. A #4-0 nylon was used to close the skin with a combination of simple interrupted and horizontal mattress suture technique. The wire was cut, capped, and bent in the usual fashion.,Attention was directed to the right third toe where an exact same procedure as performed in the second digit was repeated. The same suture material was used and the same 0.045 Kirschner wire was used for external wire fixation.,Attention was directed to the right fourth toe with exact same procedure was repeated. The same suture material was used. However, a 0.062 Kirschner wire was used to fixate the arthrodesis site as the bone was very soft and a 0.045 Kirschner wire was attempted but was found to be slipping in the soft bone and was inadequately holding the arthrodesis site tight. Next, attention was directed to the fifth digit, which was found to be contracted as well. A linear incision was made over the proximal phalanx with a #10 blade approximately 2 cm in length. A #15 blade was used to deepen the incision to the subcutaneous tissue down to the level of the long extensor tendon, which was identified and transected. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments were transected and the head of the proximal phalanx was delivered into the wound. A sagittal saw was used to resect the head of the proximal phalanx just proximal to metaphyseal flare. The toe assumed to more rectus position. The reciprocating rasp was used to smooth the all bony surfaces. The joint was again flushed with saline. Next, the long extensor tendon was reapproximated with #3-0 Vicryl in a simple interrupted technique. The skin was closed with #4-0 nylon in a simple interrupted technique.,Next, attention was directed to the fifth metatarsal head, which was found to have a lateral exostosis and bursa under the skin. A #10 blade was used to make a 2.5 cm dorsal incision over the fifth metatarsal head. The incision was deepened with a #15 blade to the subcutaneous tissue. Any small vein traversing subcutaneous layer were ligated with electrocautery. Care was taken to avoid abductor digiti minimi tendon and extensor digitorum longus tendon respectively. Next, the dorsal linear capsular incision was made down to the bone with a #15 blade. The capsular and periosteal tissues were elevated off the bone with a #15 blade and the metatarsal head was delivered into the wound. Hypertrophic bone was noted to be found dorsally and laterally as well as plantarly. A sagittal saw was used to resect all hypertrophic bone. A reciprocating rasp was used to smooth all bony surfaces. Next, the wound was flushed with copious amounts of saline. The capsular and periosteal tissues wee closed with #3-0 Vicryl in a simple interrupted technique. Next, the subcutaneous layer was closed with #4-0 Vicryl in a simple interrupted technique. A bursa which was found consisting of a white glistening hypertrophic synovium was removed and sent as specimen as was also found in two of the second and third digit in the above procedures. The skin was closed with #5-0 Monocryl in a running subcuticular fashion. The ______ was reinforced with horizontal mattress sutures with #5-0 Monocryl. Attention was directed to the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint where the joint was found to be contracted and the proximal phalanx was still found to be elevated. Therefore, a #15 blade was used to make a stab incision over the joint lateral to the extensor digitorum longus tendon. The tendon was transected. Next, a blade was inserted in the dorsal, medial, and lateral aspects of the metatarsophalangeal joint and tenotomy was performed. Next, the proximal phalanx residual bone was plantar flexed and found to assume a more rectus position. One #4-0 nylon suture was placed in the skin.,Mastisol tape was applied to the first metatarsal and fifth metatarsal postoperative wounds. Betadine-soaked Owen silk was applied to all wounds. Betadine-soaked 4 x 4 splints were applied to all toes. The pneumatic ankle tourniquet was released and immediate hyperemic flush was noted to all digits. All the wires have previously been bent and cut and all were capped. A standard postoperative consisting of 4x4s, Kling, Kerlix, and Coban were applied. The patient tolerated the above anesthesia and procedure without complications. She was transported via cart to the Postanesthesia Care Unit with vital signs stable and vascular status intact. She was given prescription for Tylenol #3, #40 one to two p.o. q.4-6h. p.r.n. pain and Naprosyn 375 mg p.o. b.i.d. p.c. She is to continue her rheumatoid arthritis drugs preoperatively prescribed by the rheumatologist.,She is to follow up with Dr. X in the office. She was given emergency contact numbers and standard postoperative instructions. She was given Darco OrthoWedge shoe and a pair of crutches. She was discharged in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 12852 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 22-year-old male who sustained a mandible fracture and was seen in the emergency department at Hospital. He was seen in my office today and scheduled for surgery today for closed reduction of the mandible fractures.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Left angle and right body mandible fractures.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Left angle and right body mandible fractures.,PROCEDURE: , Closed reduction of mandible fractures with Erich arch bars and elastic fixation.,ANESTHESIA:, General nasotracheal.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,CONDITION:, Stable to PACU.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the table in a supine position and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia via the nasotracheal route, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for placement of arch bars. Gauze throat pack was placed and upper and lower arch bars were placed on the maxillary and mandibular dentition with a 25-gauge circumdental wires. After the placement of the arch bars, the occlusion was checked and found to be satisfactory and stable. The throat pack was then removed. An NG tube was then passed and approximately 50 cc of stomach contents were suctioned out.,The elastic fixation was then placed on the arch bars holding the patient in maxillomandibular fixation and at this point, the procedure was terminated and the patient was then awakened, extubated, and taken to the PACU in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Dentistry", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1513 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Symptomatic disk herniation, C7-T1.,FINAL DIAGNOSIS: ,Symptomatic disk herniation, C7-T1.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED,1. Anterior cervical discectomy with decompression of spinal cord C7-T1.,2. Anterior cervical fusion, C7-T1.,3. Anterior cervical instrumentation, anterior C7-T1.,4. Insertion of intervertebral device, C7-T1.,5. Use of operating microscope.,ANESTHESIOLOGY: , General endotracheal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: ,A 30 mL.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The patient was taken to the operating room where he was orally intubated by The Anesthesiology Service. He was placed in the supine position on an OR table. His arms were carefully taped down. He was sterilely prepped and draped in the usual fashion.,A 4-cm incision was made obliquely over the left side of his neck. Subcutaneous tissue was dissected down to the level of the platysma. The platysma was incised using electrocautery. Blunt dissection was done to create a plane between the strap muscles and the sternoclavicular mastoid muscle. This allowed us to get right down on to the anterior cervical spine. Blunt dissection was done to sweep off the longus colli. We isolated the C7-T1 interspace. An x-ray was taken to verify; we were indeed at the C7-T1 interspace.,Shadow-Line retractor was placed as well as Caspar pins. This provided very, very good access to the C7-T1 disk.,At this point, the operating microscope was brought into the decompression.,A thorough and aggressive C7-T1 discectomy was done using a succession of curettes, pituitary rongeur, 4-mm cutting bur and a #2 Kerrison rongeur. At the end of the discectomy, the cartilaginous endplates were carefully removed using 4-mm cutting burr. The posterior longitudinal ligament was carefully resected using #2 Kerrison rongeur. Left-sided C8 foraminotomy was accomplished using nerve hook and a 2-mm Kerrison rongeur. At the end of the decompression, there was no further compression on the left C8 nerve root.,A Synthes cortical cancellous ____________ bone was placed in the interspace. Sofamor Danek Atlantis plate was then placed over the interspace and four screws were placed, two in the body of C7 and two in the body of T1. An x-ray was taken. It showed good placement of the plate and screws.,A deep drain was placed. The platysma layer was closed in running fashion using #1 Vicryl. Subcutaneous tissue was closed in an interrupted fashion using 2-0 Vicryl. Skin was closed in a running fashion using 4-0 Monocryl. Steri-Strips and dressings were applied. All counts were correct. There were no complications." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2599 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Lateral epicondylitis." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 48 }

{ "text": "ACNE VULGARIS,, commonly referred to as just acne, is a chronic inflammation of the skin that occurs most often during adolescence but can occur off and on throughout life. The skin eruptions most often appear on the face, chest, back and upper arms and are more common in males than females.,SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:,* Blackheads the size of a pinhead.,* Whiteheads similar to blackheads.,* Pustules - lesions filled with pus.,* Redness and inflamed skin.,* Cysts - large, firm swollen lesions in severe acne.,* Abscess - infected lesion that is swollen, tender, inflamed, filled with pus, also seen in severe acne.,CAUSES:,Oil glands in the skin become plugged for reasons unknown but during adolescence, sex-hormone changes play some role. When oil backs up in the plugged gland, a bacteria normally present on skin causes an infection. Acne is NOT caused by foods, uncleanliness or masturbation. Cleaning the skin can decrease its severity but sexual activity has no effect on it. A family history of acne can indicate if an individual will get acne and how severe it might be. Currently, acne can't be prevented.,ACNE CAN BE BROUGHT ON OR MADE WORSE BY:,* Hot or cold temperatures.,* Emotional stress.,* Oily skin.,* Endocrine (hormone) disorder.,* Drugs such as cortisones, male hormones, or oral contraceptives.,* Some cosmetics.,* Food sensitivities. Again, foods do not cause acne but some certain ones may make it worse. To discover any food sensitivities, eliminate suspicious foods from your diet and then start eating them again one at a time. If acne worsens 2-3 days after consumption, then avoid this food. Acne usually improves in summer so some foods may be tolerated in summer that can't be eaten in winter.,TREATMENT:,* Most cases of acne respond well to treatment and will likely disappear once adolescence is over. Even with adequate treatment, acne will tend to flare up from time to time and sometimes permanent facial scars or pitting of the skin may occur.,* If your skin is oily, gently clean face with a fresh, clean wash cloth using unscented soap for 3- 5 minutes; an antibacterial soap may work better. A previously used wet washcloth will harbor bacteria. Don't aggressively scrub tender lesions as this may spread infection; be gentle. Rinse the soap off for a good 1-2 minutes. Dry face carefully with a clean towel and use an astringent such as rubbing alcohol that will remove the skin oil.,OTHER TIPS THAT MAY HELP ACNE:,* Shampoo hair at least twice a week. Keep hair off of face even while sleeping as hair can spread oil and bacteria. If you have dandruff, use a dandruff shampoo. Avoid cream hair rinses.,* Wash sweat and skin oil off as soon as possible after sweating and exercising.,* Use thinner, water-based cosmetics instead of the heavier oil-based ones.,* Avoid skin moisturizers unless recommended by your doctor.,* Do not squeeze, pick, rub or scratch your skin or the acne lesions. This may damage the skin causing scarring and delay healing of acne. Only a doctor should remove blackheads.,* Keep from resting face on hands while reading, studying or watching TV.,* Try to avoid pressing the phone receiver on you chin while talking on the phone.,* Ultraviolet light may be a treatment recommended by your doctor but this is by no means a license to sunbathe! Don't use the sun to treat acne.,* Dermabrasion may be another option to treat acne scars. This is a type of cosmetic surgery to help remove unsightly scars.,MEDICATIONS THAT MAY BE PRESCRIBED TO HELP ACNE INCLUDE:,* Oral or topical antibiotics.,* Cortisone injections into acne lesions.,* Oral contraceptives.,* Tretinoin, which may increase sun sensitivity and excessive dryness, is not recommended during pregnancy.,* Accutane (isotretinoin) is a powerful drug to treat acne but causes birth defects. A woman taking this drug,must be on two types of birth control and have negative pregnancy tests. This drug also increases sun,sensitivity. Other more serious side effects can occur and your doctor will discuss those with you if Accutane is to be prescribed.,TETRACYCLINE:,Tetracycline is a very safe antibiotic. It is not related to penicillin and an allergy to it is unusual. There are several potential side effects:,1. Tetracycline can cause nausea or heartburn.,2. Tetracycline can cause vaginitis.,3. Tetracycline can cause excessive sun burn.,CAUTIONS ON TETRACYCLINE:,1. Do not take Tetracycline with milk or milk products (ice cream, cheese, yogurt, etc.). This will cancel out the Tetracycline. Separate the Tetracycline from these products by one and one-half hours before and after each capsule. Do have a small amount of non milk-containing food in your stomach first to prevent nausea.,2. Do not take Tetracycline if you are pregnant." }

[ { "label": " Dermatology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4825 }

{ "text": "ADMITTING DIAGNOSES,1. Vomiting, probably secondary to gastroenteritis.,2. Goldenhar syndrome.,3. Severe gastroesophageal reflux.,4. Past history of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES,1. Gastroenteritis versus bowel obstruction.,2. Gastroesophageal reflux.,3. Goldenhar syndrome.,4. Anemia, probably iron deficiency.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This is a 10-week-old female infant who has Goldenhar syndrome and has a gastrostomy tube in place and a J-tube in place. She was noted to have vomiting approximately 18 to 24 hours prior to admission and was seen in the emergency department and then admitted.,Because of her Goldenhar syndrome and previous problems with aspiration, she is not fed my mouth, but does have a G-tube. However, she has not been tolerating feedings through this prior to admission.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: At transfer to UNM on October 13, 2003 reveals a dysmorphic infant who is small and slightly cachectic. Her left side of the face is deformed with microglia present, micrognathia present, and a moderate amount of torticollis.,VITAL SIGNS: Presently, her temperature is 98, pulse 152, respirations 36, weight is 3.98 kg, pulse oximetry on room air is 95%.,HEENT: Head is with anterior fontanelle open. Eyes: Red reflex elicited bilaterally. Left ear is without an external ear canal and the right is not well visualized at this time. Nose is presently without any discharge, and throat is nonerythematous. NECK: Neck with torticollis exhibited.,LUNGS: Presently are clear to auscultation.,HEART: Regular rate without murmur, click or gallop present. ABDOMEN: Moderately distended, but soft. Bowel sounds are decreased, and there is a G-tube and a J-tube in place. The skin surrounding the G-tube is moderately erythematous, but without any discharges present. J-tube is with a dressing in place and well evaluated.,EXTREMITIES: Grossly normal. Hip defects are not checked at this time.,GENITALIA: Normal female.,NEUROLOGIC: The infant does have a suck reflex, feeding grasp-reflex, and a feeding Moro reflex.,SKIN: Warm and dry and there is a macular area to the left ___ that is approximately 1 cm in length.,LABORATORY DATA: , WBC count on October 12, 2003 is 12,600 with 16 segs, 6 bands, 54 lymphocytes, 13% of which are noted to be reactive. Hemoglobin is 10.4, hematocrit 30.8, and she has abnormal red blood cell morphology. RDW is 13.1 and MCV is 91. Sodium level is 138, potassium 5.4, chloride 103, CO2 23, BUN 7, creatinine 0.4, glucose 84, calcium 9.9, and at this dictation, the report on the abdominal flat plate is pending.,HOSPITAL COURSE: ,The child was placed at bowel rest initially and then re-tried on full strength formula, but she did not tolerate. She was again placed on bowel rest and her medications, Pepcid and Reglan, were given in an attempt to increase bowel motility. Feedings were re-attempted with Pedialyte through the J-tube and these did not result in production of any stool and the child then began having vomiting again. The vomitus was noted to be bilious in nature and with particulate matter present.,After consultation with Dr. X, it was determined the child probably needed further evaluation, and she had both of her drains placed to gravity and was kept n.p.o. Her fluids have been D5 and 0.25 normal saline with 20 mEq/L of potassium chloride, which has run at her maintenance of 16 mL/h.,CONSULTATIONS: , With Dr. X and Dr. Y and the child is now ready for transport for continued diagnosis and treatment. Her condition at discharge is stable." }

[ { "label": " Discharge Summary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3594 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , Mr. A is a 50-year-old gentleman with a history of atrial fibrillation in the past, more recently who has had atrial flutter, who estimates he has had six cardioversions since 10/09, and estimates that he has had 12 to 24 in his life beginning in 2006 when the atrial fibrillation first emerged. He, since 10:17 p.m. on 01/17/10, noted recurrence of his atrial fibrillation, called our office this morning, that is despite being on flecainide, atenolol, and he is maintained on Coumadin.,The patient has noted some lightheadedness as well as chest discomfort and shortness of breath when atrial flutter recurred and we see that on his 12-lead EKG here. Otherwise, no chest pain.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and again he had atrial fibrillation more persistently in 2006, but more recently it has been atrial flutter and that is despite use of antiarrhythmics including flecainide. He completed a stress test in my office within the past several weeks that was normal without evidence of ischemia. Other medical history is significant for hyperlipidemia.,MEDICATIONS:,As outpatient,,1. Atenolol 25 mg once a day.,2. Altace 2.5 mg once a day.,3. Zocor 20 mg once a day.,4. Flecainide 200 in the morning and 100 in the evening.,5. Coumadin as directed by our office.,ALLERGIES: , TO MEDICATIONS ARE NONE. HE DENIES SHRIMP, SEA FOOD OR DYE ALLERGY.,FAMILY HISTORY: , He has a nephew who was his sister's son who passed away at age 22 reportedly from an MI, but was reported to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well. The patient has previously met with the electrophysiologist, Dr. X, at General Hospital and it sounds like he had a negative EP study.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient does not smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol nor drink any caffeine. No use of illicit drugs. He has been married for 22 years and he is actually accompanied throughout today's cardiology consultation by his wife. He is not participating in regular exercises now because he states since starting flecainide, he has gotten sluggish. He is employed as an attorney and while he states that overall his mental stress is better, he has noted more recent mental stress this past weekend when he was taking his daughter back to college.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , He denies any history of stroke, cancer, vomiting of blood, coughing up blood, bright red blood per rectum, bleeding stomach ulcers, renal calculi. There are some questions especially as his wife has told me that he may have obstructive sleep apnea and not had a formal sleep study.,PHYSICAL EXAM: , Blood pressure 156/93, pulse is 100, respiratory rate 18. On general exam, he is a pleasant overweight gentleman, in no acute distress. HEENT: Shows cranium is normocephalic and atraumatic. He has moist mucosal membranes. Neck veins are not distended. There are no carotid bruits. Visible skin warm and perfused. Affect appropriate. He is quite oriented and pleasant. No significant kyphoscoliosis on recumbent back exam. Lungs are clear to auscultation anteriorly. No wheezes. No egophony. Cardiac Exam: S1, S2. Regular rate, controlled. No significant murmurs, rubs or gallops. PMI is nondisplaced. Abdomen is soft, nondistended, appears benign. Extremities without significant edema. Pulses grossly intact.,DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES/LAB DATA:, Initial ECG shows atrial flutter.,IMPRESSION: , Mr. A is a 50-year-old gentleman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the past, more recently is having breakthrough atrial flutter despite flecainide and we had performed a transesophageal echocardiogram-guided cardioversion for him in late 12/20/09, who now has another recurrence within the past 41 hours or so. I have reviewed again with him in detail regarding risks, benefits, and alternatives of proceeding with cardioversion, which the patient is in favor of. After in depth explanation of the procedure with him that there would be more definitive resumption of normal sinus rhythm by using electrocardioversion with less long-term side effects, past the acute procedure, alternatives being continued atrial flutter with potential for electrophysiologic consultation for ablation and/or heart rate control with anticoagulation, which the patient was not interested nor was I primarily recommending as the next step, and risks including, but not limited to and the patient was aware and this was all done in the presence of his wife that this is not an all-inclusive list, but the risks include but not limited to oversedation from conscious sedation, risk of aspiration pneumonia from regurgitation of stomach contents, which would be less likely as I did confirm with the patient that he had been n.p.o. for greater than 15 hours, risk of induction of other arrhythmias including tachyarrhythmias requiring further management including cardioversion or risk of bradyarrhythmias, in the past when we had a cardioverter with 150 joules, he did have a 5.5-second pause especially while he is on antiarrhythmic therapy, statistically less significant risk of CVA, although we cannot really make that null. The patient expressed understanding of this risk, benefit, and alternative analysis. I invited questions from him and his wife and once their questions were answered to their self-stated satisfaction, we planned to go forward with the procedure.,PROCEDURE NOTE: ,The patient received a total of 7 mg of Versed and 50 micrograms of fentanyl utilizing titrate-down sedation with good effect and this was after the appropriate time-out procedure had been done as per the Medical Center universal protocol with appropriate identification of the patient, position, procedure documentation, procedure indication, and there were no questions. The patient did actively participate in this time-out procedure. After the universal protocol was done, he then received the cardioversion attempt with 50 joules using \"lollipop posterior patch\" with hands-driven paddle on the side, which was 50 joules of synchronized biphasic energy. There was successful resumption of normal sinus rhythm, in fact this time there was not a significant pause as compared to when he had this done previously in late 12/09 and this sinus rhythm was confirmed by a 12-lead EKG.,IMPRESSION: , Cardioversion shows successful resumption of normal sinus rhythm from atrial flutter and that is while the patient has been maintained on Coumadin and his INR is 3.22. We are going to watch him and discharge him from the Medical Center area on his current flecainide of 200 mg in the morning and 100 mg in the evening, atenolol 25 mg once a day, Coumadin _____ as currently being diagnosed. I had previously discussed with the patient and he was agreeable with meeting with his electrophysiologist again, Dr. X, at Electrophysiology Unit at General Hospital and I will be planning to place a call for Dr. X myself. Again, he has no ischemia on this most recent stress test and I suppose in the future it may be reasonable to get obstructive sleep apnea evaluation and that may be one issue promulgating his symptoms.,I had previously discussed the case with Dr. Y who is the patient's general cardiologist as well as updated his wife at the patient's bedside regarding our findings." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 7310 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Toothache.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,This is a 29-year-old male who has had multiple problems with his teeth due to extensive dental disease and has had many of his teeth pulled. Complains of new tooth pain. The patient states his current toothache is to both upper and lower teeth on the left side for approximately three days. The patient states that he would have gone to see his regular dentist but he has missed so many appointments that they now do not allow him to schedule regular appointments, he has to be on standby appointments only. The patient denies any other problems or complaints. The patient denies any recent illness or injuries. The patient does have OxyContin and Vicodin at home which he uses for his knee pain but he wants more pain medicines because he does not want to use up that medicine for his toothache when he wants to say this with me.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , CONSTITUTIONAL: No fever or chills. No fatigue or weakness. No recent weight change. HEENT: No headache, no neck pain, the toothache pain for the past three days as previously mentioned. There is no throat swelling, no sore throat, no difficulty swallowing solids or liquids. The patient denies any rhinorrhea. No sinus congestion, pressure or pain, no ear pain, no hearing change, no eye pain or vision change. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain. RESPIRATIONS: No shortness of breath or cough. GASTROINTESTINAL: No abdominal pain. No nausea or vomiting. GENITOURINARY: No dysuria. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No back pain. No muscle or joint aches. SKIN: No rashes or lesions. NEUROLOGIC: No vision or hearing change. No focal weakness or numbness. Normal speech. HEMATOLOGIC/LYMPHATIC: No lymph node swelling has been noted.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Chronic knee pain.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , OxyContin and Vicodin.,ALLERGIES:, PENICILLIN AND CODEINE.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is still a smoker.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 97.9 oral, blood pressure is 146/83, pulse is 74, respirations 16, oxygen saturation 98% on room air and interpreted as normal. CONSTITUTIONAL: The patient is well nourished and well developed. The patient is a little overweight but otherwise appears to be healthy. The patient is calm, comfortable, in no acute distress, and looks well. The patient is pleasant and cooperative. HEENT: Eyes are normal with clear conjunctiva and cornea bilaterally. There is no icterus, injection, or discharge. Pupils are 3 mm and equally round and reactive to light bilaterally. There is no absence of light sensitivity or photophobia. Extraocular motions are intact bilaterally. Ears are normal bilaterally without any sign of infection. There is no erythema, swelling of canals. Tympanic membranes are intact without any erythema, bulging or fluid levels or bubbles behind it. Nose is normal without rhinorrhea or audible congestion. There is no tenderness over the sinuses. NECK: Supple, nontender, and full range of motion. There is no meningismus. No cervical lymphadenopathy. No JVD. Mouth and oropharynx shows multiple denture and multiple dental caries. The patient has tenderness to tooth #12 as well as tooth #21. The patient has normal gums. There is no erythema or swelling. There is no purulent or other discharge noted. There is no fluctuance or suggestion of abscess. There are no new dental fractures. The oropharynx is normal without any sign of infection. There is no erythema, exudate, lesion or swelling. The buccal membranes are normal. Mucous membranes are moist. The floor of the mouth is normal without any abscess, suggestion of Ludwig's syndrome. CARDIOVASCULAR: Heart is regular rate and rhythm without murmur, rub, or gallop. RESPIRATIONS: Clear to auscultation bilaterally without shortness of breath. GASTROINTESTINAL: Abdomen is normal and nontender. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No abnormalities are noted to back, arms and legs. The patient has normal use of his extremities. SKIN: No rashes or lesions. NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves II through XII are intact. Motor and sensory are intact to the extremities. The patient has normal speech and normal ambulation. PSYCHIATRIC: The patient is alert and oriented x4. Normal mood and affect. HEMATOLOGIC/LYMPHATIC: No cervical lymphadenopathy is palpated.,EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT COURSE: , The patient did request a pain shot and the patient was given Dilaudid of 4 mg IM without any adverse reaction.,DIAGNOSES:,1. ODONTALGIA.,2. MULTIPLE DENTAL CARIES.,CONDITION UPON DISPOSITION: ,Stable.,DISPOSITION: , To home.,PLAN: , The patient was given a list of local dental clinics that he can follow up with or he can choose to stay with his own dentist that he wishes. The patient was requested to have reevaluation within two days. The patient was given a prescription for Percocet and clindamycin. The patient was given drug precautions for the use of these medicines. The patient was offered discharge instructions on toothache but states that he already has it. He declined the instructions. The patient was asked to return to the emergency room, should he have any worsening of his condition or develop any other problems or symptoms of concern." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5238 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Malignant pleural effusion, left, with dyspnea.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Malignant pleural effusion, left, with dyspnea.,PROCEDURE: ,Thoracentesis, left.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the recovery area of the operating room. After obtaining the informed consent, the patient's posterior left chest wall was prepped and draped in usual fashion. Xylocaine 1% was infiltrated above the seventh intercostal space in the midscapular line. Initially, I tried to use the thoracentesis set after 1% Xylocaine had been infiltrated, but the needle of the system was just too short to reach the pleural cavity due to the patient's very thick chest wall. Therefore, I had to use a #18 spinal needle, which I had to use almost in its entire length to reach the fluid. From then on, I proceeded manually to withdraw 2000 mL of a light milky fluid.,The patient tolerated the procedure fairly well, but almost at the end of it she said that she was feeling like fainting and therefore we carefully withdrew the needle. At that time, it was getting difficult to withdraw fluid anyway and we allowed her to lie down and after a few minutes the patient was feeling fine. At any rate, we gave her bolus of 250 mL of normal saline and the patient returned to her room for additional hours of observation. We then thought that if she was doing fine, then we will send her home.,A chest x-ray was performed after the procedure which showed a dramatic reduction of the amount of pleural fluid and then there was no pneumothorax or no other obvious complications of her procedure.," }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1618 }

{ "text": "XYZ, S.,RE: ABC,Dear Dr. XYZ,On your kind referral, I had the pleasure of meeting and consulting with ABC on MM/DD/YYYY for evaluation regarding extraction of his mandibular left second molar tooth #18. This previously root-canaled tooth, now failed, is scheduled for removal. As per your request, I agree that placement of an implant in the #20 and #19 positions would allow for immediate functional replacement of the bridge which has recently been lost in this area.,I have given Mr. ABC an estimate for the surgical aspects of this case and suggested he combine this with your prosthetic or restorative fees in order to have a full understanding of the costs involved with this process.,We will plan to place two Straumann implants as per our normal protocol, one each in the #19 and 20 positions, with the #19 implant being a wide-neck, larger diameter implant. I will plan on providing the prosthetic abutments, the lab analogue, and temporary healing cap at the end of the four-month integration period. If you have any additional suggestions or concerns, please give me a call.,Best regards,," }

[ { "label": " Letters", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1105 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Headaches, question of temporal arteritis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Headaches, question of temporal arteritis.,PROCEDURE:, Bilateral temporal artery biopsies.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After obtaining an informed consent, the patient was brought to the operating room where her right temporal area was prepped and draped in the usual fashion. Xylocaine 1% was utilized and then an incision was made in front of the right ear and deepened anteriorly. The temporal artery was found and exposed in an extension of about 2 cm. The artery was proximally and distally ligated with 6-0 Prolene and also a side branch and a sample was sent for pathology. Hemostasis achieved with a cautery and the incision was closed with a subcuticular suture of Monocryl.,Then, the patient was turned and her left temporal area was prepped and draped in the usual fashion. A similar procedure was performed with 1% Xylocaine and exposed her temporal artery, which was excised in an extent to about 2 cm. This was also proximally and distally ligated with 6-0 Prolene and also side branch. Hemostasis was achieved with a cautery and the skin was closed with a subcuticular suture of Monocryl.,Dressings were applied to both areas.,The patient tolerated the procedure well. Estimated blood loss was negligible, and the patient went back to Same Day Surgery for recovery." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1385 }

{ "text": "DELIVERY NOTE: , On 12/23/08 at 0235 hours, a 23-year-old G1, P0, white female, GBS negative, under epidural anesthesia, delivered a viable female infant with Apgar scores of 7 and 9. Points taken of for muscle tone and skin color. Weight and length are unknown at this time. Delivery was via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Nuchal cord x1 were tight and reduced. Infant was DeLee suctioned at perineum. Cord clamped and cut and infant handed to the awaiting nurse in attendance. Cord blood sent for analysis, intact. Meconium stained placenta with three-vessel cord was delivered spontaneously at 0243 hours. A 15 units of Pitocin was started after delivery of the placenta. Uterus, cervix, and vagina were explored and a mediolateral episiotomy was repaired with a 3-0 Vicryl in a normal fashion. Estimated blood loss was approximately 400 mL. The patient was taken to the recovery room in stable condition. Infant was taken to Newborn Nursery in stable condition. The patient tolerated the procedure well. The only intrapartum event that occurred was thick meconium. Otherwise, there were no other complications. The patient tolerated the procedure well." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1172 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DX:, Dermatochalasis, mechanical ptosis, brow ptosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DX:, Same,PROCEDURE:,: Upper lid blepharoplasty and direct brow lift,ANESTHESIA:, Local with sedation,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: , In the preoperative evaluation the patient was found to have visually significant and symptomatic dermatochalasis and brow ptosis causing mechanical ptosis and visual field obstruction. Visual field testing showed *% superior hemifield loss on the right, and *% superior hemifield loss on the left. These field losses resolved with upper eyelid taping which simulates the expected surgical correction. Photodocumentation also showed the upper eyelids resting on the upper eyelashes, as well as a decrease in the effective superior marginal reflex distance. The risks, benefits, limitations, alternatives, and expected improvement in symptoms and visual field loss were discussed in preoperative evaluation.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, On the day of surgery, the surgical site and procedure were verified by the physician with the patient. An informed consent was signed and witnessed. EMLA cream was applied to the eyelids and eyebrow region for 10 minutes to provide skin anesthesia. Two drops of topical proparacaine eye drops were placed on the ocular surface. The skin was cleaned with alcohol prep pads. The patient received 3 to 4 mL of 2% Lidocaine with epinephrine and 0.5% Marcaine mixture to each upper lid. 5 to 6 mL of local were also given to the brow region along the entire length. Pressure was applied over each site for 5 minutes. The patient was then prepped and draped in the normal sterile fashion for oculoplastic surgery.,The desired amount of redundant brow tissue to be excised was carefully marked with a surgical marking pen on each side. The contour of the outline was created to provide a greater temporal lift. Care was taken to preserve a natural contour to the brow shape consistent with the patient’s desired features. Using a #15 blade, the initial incision was placed just inside the superior most row of brow hairs, in parallel with the follicle growth orientation. The incision extended in a nasal to temporal fashion with the nasal portion incision being carried down to muscle and becoming progressively shallower toward the tail of the incision line. The dimensions of the redundant tissue measured * horizontally and * vertically. The redundant tissue was removed sharply with Westcott scissors. Hemostasis was maintained with hand held cautery and/or electrocautery. The closure was carried out in multiple layers. The deepest muscular/subcutaneous tissue was closed with 4-0 transparent nylon in a horizontal mattress fashion. The intermediate layer was closed with 5-0 Vicryl similarly. The skin was closed with 6-0 nylon in a running lock fashion. Iced saline gauze pads were placed over the incision sites. This completed the brow repair portion of the case.,Using a surgical marking pen, a vertical line was drawn from the superior punctum to the eyebrow. An angled line was drawn from the ala of the nares to the lateral canthus edge and extending to the tail of the brow. These lines served as the relative boundary for the horizontal length of the blepharoplasty incision. The desired amount of redundant tissue to be excised was carefully pinched together with 0.5 forceps. This tissue was outlined with a surgical marking pen. Care was taken to avoid excessive skin removal near the brow region. A surgical ruler was used to ensure symmetry. The skin and superficial orbicularis were incised with a #15 blade on the first upper lid. This layer was removed with Westcott scissors.,Hemostasis was achieved with high-temp hand held pen cautery. The remaining orbicularis and septum were grasped superiorly and inferiorly on each side of the incision and tented upward. The high temp cautery pen was then used to incise these layers in a horizontal fashion until preapeuronotic fat was identified. * amount of central preaponeurotic fat was removed with cautery. * amount of nasal fat pad was removed in the same fashion. Care was taken to not disturb the levator aponeurosis. A symmetric amount of fat was removed from each side. Iced gauze saline was placed over the site and the entire procedure repeated on the fellow eyelid. Skin hooks were placed on either side of the incision and the skin was closed in a continuous running fashion with 6-0 nylon. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment was placed over the incision site and on the ocular surface. Saline gauze and cold packs were placed over the upper lids. The patient was taken from the surgical suite in good condition.,DISCHARGE:, In the recovery area the results of surgery were discussed with the patient and their family. Specific instructions to resume all p.o. oral medications including anticoagulants/antiplatelets were given. Written instructions and restrictions after eyelid surgery were reviewed with the patient and family member. Instructions on antibiotic ointment use were reviewed. The incision sites were checked prior to release. The patient was released to home with a driver after vital signs were deemed stable." }

[ { "label": " Ophthalmology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5195 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Cranial defect greater than 10 cm in diameter in the frontal region.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cranial defect greater than 10 cm in diameter in the frontal region.,PROCEDURE: , Bifrontal cranioplasty.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal anesthesia.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Nil.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , The patient is a 66-year-old gentleman, who has a history of prior chondrosarcoma that he had multiple resections for. The most recent one which I performed quite a number of years ago that was complicated by a bone flap infection and he has had removal of his bone flap. He has been without the bone flap for a number of years now but has finally decided that he wanted to proceed with a cranioplasty. After discussing the risks, benefits, and alternatives of surgery, the decision was made to proceed with operative intervention in the form of a cranioplasty. He had previously undergone a CT scan. Premanufactured cranioplasty made for him that was sterile and ready to implant.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After induction of adequate general endotracheal anesthesia, an appropriate time out was performed. We identified the patient, the location of surgery, the appropriate surgical procedure, and the appropriate implant. He was given intravenous antibiotics with ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and Flagyl appropriately for antibiotic prophylaxis and sequential compression devices were used for deep venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. The scalp was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. A previous incision was reopened and the scalp flap was reflected forward. We dissected off the dura and we were able to get a nice plane of dissection elevating the temporalis muscle along with the scalp flap. We freed up the bony edges circumferentially, but except for the inferior frontal region where the vascularized pericranial graft took its vascular supply from we did not come across the base. We did explore laterally and saw a little bit of the mesh on the lateral orbit. Once we had the bony edges explored, we took the performed plate and secured it in a place with titanium plates and screws. We had achieved good hemostasis. The wound was closed in multiple layers in usual fashion over a Blake drain. At the end of the procedure, all sponge and needle counts were correct. A sterile dressing was applied to the incision. The patient was transported to the recovery room in good condition after having tolerated the procedure well. I was personally present and scrubbed and performed/supervised all key portions." }

[ { "label": " Neurosurgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2579 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Volar laceration to right ring finger with possible digital nerve injury with possible flexor tendon injury.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Laceration to right ring finger with partial laceration to the ulnar slip of the FDS which is the flexor digitorum superficialis.,2. 25% laceration to the flexor digitorum profundus of the right ring finger and laceration 100% of the ulnar digital nerve to the right ring finger.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Repair of nerve and tendon, right ring finger.,2. Exploration of digital laceration.,ANESTHESIA: , General.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Less than 10 cc.,TOTAL TOURNIQUET TIME: ,57 minutes.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DISPOSITION: ,To PACU in stable condition.,BRIEF HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 13-year-old male who had sustained a laceration from glass and had described numbness and tingling in his right ring finger.,GROSS OPERATIVE FINDINGS: , After wound exploration, it was found there was a 100% laceration to the ulnar digital neurovascular bundle. The FDS had a partial ulnar slip laceration and the FDP had a 25% transverse laceration as well. The radial neurovascular bundle was found to be completely intact.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: ,The patient was taken to the operating room and placed in the supine position. All bony prominences were adequately padded. Tourniquet was placed on the right upper extremity after being packed with Webril, but not inflated at this time. The right upper extremity was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The hand was inspected. Palmar surface revealed approximally 0.5 cm laceration at the base of the right ring finger at the base of proximal phalanx, which was approximated with nylon suture. The sutures were removed and the wound was explored. It was found that the ulnar digital neurovascular bundle was 100% transected. The radial neurovascular bundle on the right ring finger was found to be completely intact. We explored the flexor tendon and found that there was a partial laceration of the ulnar slip of the FDS and a 25% laceration in a transverse fashion to the FDP. We copiously irrigated the wound. Repair was undertaken of the FDS with #3-0 undyed Ethibond suture. The laceration of the FDP was not felt that it need to repair due to majority of the substance in the FDP was still intact. Attention during our repair at the flexor tendon, the A1 pulley was incised for better visualization as well as better tendon excursion after repair. Attention was then drawn to the ulnar digital bundle which has been transected prior during the injury. The digital nerve was dissected proximally and distally to likely visualize the nerve. The nerve was then approximated using microvascular technique with #8-0 nylon suture. The hands were well approximated. The nerve was not under undue tension. The wound was then copiously irrigated and the skin was closed with #4-0 nylon interrupted horizontal mattress alternating with simple suture. Sterile dressing was placed and a dorsal extension Box splint was placed. The patient was transferred off of the bed and placed back on a gurney and taken to PACU in stable condition. Overall prognosis is good." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3214 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,1. Left chronic anterior and posterior ethmoiditis.,2. Left chronic maxillary sinusitis with polyps.,3. Left inferior turbinate hypertrophy.,4. Right anterior and posterior chronic ethmoiditis.,5. Right chronic maxillary sinusitis with polyps.,6. Right chronic inferior turbinate hypertrophic.,7. Intranasal deformity causing nasal obstruction due to septal deviation.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,1. Left chronic anterior and posterior ethmoiditis.,2. Left chronic maxillary sinusitis with polyps.,3. Left inferior turbinate hypertrophy.,4. Right anterior and posterior chronic ethmoiditis.,5. Right chronic maxillary sinusitis with polyps.,6. Right chronic inferior turbinate hypertrophic.,7. Intranasal deformity causing nasal obstruction due to septal deviation.,NAME OF OPERATION: , Bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery, including left anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy, left maxillary antrostomy with polyp removal, left inferior partial turbinectomy, right anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy, right maxillary antrostomy and polyp removal, right partial inferior turbinectomy, and septoplasty.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Approximately 20 cc.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 55-year-old female who has had chronic nasal obstruction secondary to nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis. She also has a septal deviation mid posterior to the left compromising greater than 70% of her nasal airway.,PROCEDURE: ,The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position. After adequate endotracheal anesthesia was obtained, the skin was prepped and draped in sterile fashion. Lidocaine 1% with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected into the region of the anterior portion of the nasal septum. Approximately 10 cc total was used.,A #15 blade and the Freer elevator were used to help make a standard hemitransfixion incision. A mucoperichondrial flap was carefully elevated, and the junction with the cartilaginous bony septum was separated with the Freer elevator. The bony deflection was removed using Jansen-Middleton forceps. The cartilaginous deflection was created by freeing up the inferior attachments to the cartilaginous septum, placing it more on the midline maxillary crest. The initial incision was placed in its anatomical position and secured with a 4-0 nylon suture for stabilization effect.,Attention then was directed toward the left side. Lidocaine 1% with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected in the region of the anterior portion of the left middle turbinate and uncinate process and polyps. Approximately 10 cc total was used. The polyps were removed using the Richards essential shaver to help identify the middle turbinate and uncinate process better. The uncinate process was removed systematically superiorly to inferiorly with back-biting forceps. Next, the maxillary antrostomy was identified and expanded with the back-biting forceps and showed polypoid accumulation in the mucosal disease on its opening site. The sinus linings were edematous but did not have any polyps in the inferior, lateral, or superior aspects.,The anterior and posterior ethmoid air cells were entered primarily and dissected with the Richards essential shaver followed by the use of a 30-degree endoscope and up-biting forceps for the superior and lateral dissection. Bright mucosal disease and small polypoid accumulations were noted through the sinuses also. The inferior turbinates had some polypoid changes on them also and showed marked mucosal irritation and hypertrophy. The mucosal polypoid accumulations were cleared using the Richards essential shaver. The turbinate was partially resected from mucosally but with good shape to it. It was not desirable to remove it in its entirety. Any obvious bleeding points along the edge were controlled with the suction Bovie apparatus.,The same procedure and findings were noted on the right side with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine injected into the anterior portion of the right middle turbinate, polyps, and uncinate process; 10 cc total were used. The polyps were removed. The Richards essential shaver was used to allow better exposure of the uncinate process. The uncinate process was removed superiorly to inferiorly with back-biting side-biting forceps.,Next, a maxillary antrostomy was identified and expanded with the back-biting and side-biting forceps and showed all plate accumulations there also. The anterior and posterior ethmoid air cells were then entered primarily and dissected with Richards essential shaver followed by the use of the 30-degree scope and up-biting forceps for the superior and lateral resection. The inferior turbinates showed mucosal disease, polypoid accumulations, and changes. These were removed using the Richards essential shaver followed by a submucosal resection of the hypertrophied portion of the turbinate.,Any obvious bleeding points were controlled with the suction Bovie apparatus. A thorough irrigation was then carried out in the nasal cavity, and Gelfilm packing was used to coat the linings in the middle meatal regions. The patient tolerated the procedure well and returned to the recovery room in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " ENT - Otolaryngology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5260 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 68-year-old woman whom I have been following, who has had angina. In any case today, she called me because she had a recurrent left arm pain after her stent, three days ago, and this persisted after two sublingual nitroglycerin when I spoke to her. I advised her to call 911, which she did. While waiting for 911, she was attended to by a physician who is her neighbor and he advised her to take the third nitroglycerin and that apparently relieved her pain. By the time she presented here, she is currently pain-free and is feeling well.,PAST CARDIAC HISTORY: , The patient has been having arm pain for several months. She underwent an exercise stress echocardiogram within the last several months with me, which was equivocal, but then she had a nuclear stress test which showed inferobasilar ischemia. I had originally advised her for a heart catheterization but she wanted medical therapy, so we put her on a beta-blocker. However, her arm pain symptoms accelerated and she had some jaw pain, so she presented to the emergency room. On 08/16/08, she ended up having a cardiac catheterization and that showed normal left main 80% mid LAD lesion, circumflex normal, and RCA totally occluded in the mid portion and there were collaterals from the left to the right, as well as right to right to that area. The decision was made to transfer her as she may be having collateral insufficiency from the LAD stenosis to the RCA vessel. She underwent that with drug-eluting stents on 08/16/08, with I believe three or four total placed, and was discharged on 08/17/08. She had some left arm discomfort on 08/18/08, but this was mild. Yesterday, she felt very fatigued, but no arm pain, and today, she had arm pain after walking and again it resolved now completely after three sublingual nitroglycerin. This is her usual angina. She is being admitted with unstable angina post stent.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Longstanding hypertension, CAD as above, hyperlipidemia, and overactive bladder.,MEDICATIONS:,1. Detrol LA 2 mg once a day.,2. Prilosec for GERD 20 mg once a day.,3. Glucosamine 500/400 mg once a day for arthritis.,4. Multivitamin p.o. daily.,5. Nitroglycerin sublingual as available to her.,6. Toprol-XL 25 mg once a day which I started although she had been bradycardic, but she seems to be tolerating.,7. Aspirin 325 mg once a day.,8. Plavix 75 mg once a day.,9. Diovan 160 mg once a day.,10. Claritin 10 mg once a day for allergic rhinitis.,11. Norvasc 5 mg once a day.,12. Lipitor 5 mg once a day.,13. Evista 60 mg once a day.,ALLERGIES: , ALLERGIES TO MEDICATIONS ARE NONE. SHE DENIES ANY SHRIMP OR SEA FOOD ALLERGY.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Her father died of an MI in his 50s and a brother had his first MI and bypass surgery at 54.,SOCIAL HISTORY: ,She does not smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol, no use of illicit drugs. She is divorced and lives alone and is a retired laboratory technician from Cornell Diagnostic Laboratory.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, She denies a history of stroke, cancer, vomiting up blood, coughing up blood, bright red blood per rectum, bleeding stomach ulcers, renal calculi, cholelithiasis, asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, tuberculosis, home oxygen use or sleep apnea, although she has been told in the past that she snores and there was some question of apnea in 05/08. No morning headaches or fatigue. No psychiatric diagnosis. No psoriasis, no lupus. Remainder of the review of systems is negative x14 systems except as described above.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: She is a pleasant elderly woman, currently in no acute distress.,VITAL SIGNS: Height 4 feet 11 inches, weight 128 pounds, temperature 97.2 degrees Fahrenheit, blood pressure 142/70, pulse 47, respiratory rate 16, and O2 saturation 100%,HEENT: Cranium is normocephalic and atraumatic. She has moist mucosal membranes.,NECK: Veins are not distended. There are no carotid bruits.,LUNGS: Clear to auscultation and percussion without wheezes.,HEART: S1 and S2, regular rate. No significant murmurs, rubs or gallops. PMI nondisplaced.,ABDOMEN: Soft and nondistended. Bowel sounds present.,EXTREMITIES: Without significant clubbing, cyanosis or edema. Pulses grossly intact. Bilateral groins are inspected, status post as the right femoral artery was used for access for the diagnostic cardiac catheterization here and left femoral artery used for PCI and there is no evidence of hematoma or bruit and intact distal pulses.,LABORATORY DATA: , EKG reviewed which shows sinus bradycardia at the rate of 51 beats per minute and no acute disease.,Sodium 136, potassium 3.8, chloride 105, and bicarbonate 27. BUN 16 and creatinine 0.9. Glucose 110. Magnesium 2.5. ALT 107 and AST 65 and these were normal on 08/15/08. INR is 0.89, PTT 20.9, white blood cell count 8.2, hematocrit 31 and it was 35 on 08/15/08, and platelet count 257,000.,IMPRESSION AND PLAN: ,The patient is a 68-year-old woman with exertional angina, characterized with arm pain, who underwent recent left anterior descending percutaneous coronary intervention and has now had recurrence of that arm pain post stenting to the left anterior descending artery and it may be that she is continuing to have collateral insufficiency of the right coronary artery. In any case, given this unstable presentation requiring three sublingual nitroglycerin before she was even pain free, I am going to admit her to the hospital and there is currently no evidence requiring acute reperfusion therapy. We will continue her beta-blocker and I cannot increase the dose because she is bradycardic already. Aspirin, Plavix, valsartan, Lipitor, and Norvasc. I am going to add Imdur and watch headaches as she apparently had some on nitro paste before, and we will rule out MI, although there is a little suspicion. I suppose it is possible that she has non-cardiac arm pain, but that seems less likely as it has been nitrate responsive and seems exertionally related and the other possibility may be that we end up needing to put in a pacemaker, so we can maximize beta-blocker use for anti-anginal effect. My concern is that there is persistent right coronary artery ischemia, not helped by left anterior descending percutaneous coronary intervention, which was severely stenotic and she does have normal LV function. She will continue the glucosamine for her arthritis, Claritin for allergies, and Detrol LA for urinary incontinence.,Total patient care time in the emergency department 75 minutes. All this was discussed in detail with the patient and her daughter who expressed understanding and agreement. The patient desires full resuscitation status." }

[ { "label": " Emergency Room Reports", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 6701 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT: , This 5-year-old male presents to Children's Hospital Emergency Department by the mother with \"have asthma.\" Mother states he has been wheezing and coughing. They saw their primary medical doctor. He was evaluated at the clinic, given the breathing treatment and discharged home, was not having asthma, prescribed prednisone and an antibiotic. They told to go to the ER if he got worse. He has had some vomiting and some abdominal pain. His peak flows on the morning are normal at 150, but in the morning, they were down to 100 and subsequently decreased to 75 over the course of the day.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Asthma with his last admission in 07/2007. Also inclusive of frequent pneumonia by report.,IMMUNIZATIONS: , Up-to-date.,ALLERGIES: , Denied.,MEDICATIONS: ,Advair, Nasonex, Xopenex, Zicam, Zithromax, prednisone, and albuterol.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Denied.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , Lives at home, here in the ED with the mother and there is no smoking in the home.,FAMILY HISTORY: , No noted exposures.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: ,Documented on the template. Systems reviewed on the template.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 98.7, pulse 105, respiration is 28, blood pressure 112/65, and weight of 16.5 kg. Oxygen saturation low at 91% on room air.,GENERAL: This is a well-developed male who is cooperative, alert, active with oxygen by facemask.,HEENT: Head is atraumatic and normocephalic. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light. Extraocular motions are intact and conjugate. Clear TMs, nose, and oropharynx.,NECK: Supple. Full painless nontender range of motion.,CHEST: Tight wheezing and retractions heard bilaterally.,HEART: Regular without rubs or murmurs.,ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender. No masses. No hepatosplenomegaly.,GENITALIA: Male genitalia is present on a visual examination.,SKIN: No significant bruising, lesions or rash.,EXTREMITIES: Moves all extremities without difficulty, nontender. No deformity.,NEUROLOGIC: Symmetric face, cooperative, and age appropriate.,MEDICAL DECISION MAKING:, The differential entertained on this patient includes reactive airways disease, viral syndrome, and foreign body pneumonia. He is evaluated in the emergency department with continuous high-dose albuterol, Decadron by mouth, pulse oximetry, and close observation. Chest x-ray reveals bronchial thickening, otherwise no definite infiltrate. She is further treated in the emergency department with continued breathing treatments. At 0048 hours, he has continued tight wheezes with saturations 99%, but ED sats are 92% with coughing spells. Based on the above, the hospitalist was consulted and accepts this patient for admission to the hospital with the working diagnosis of respiratory distress and asthma." }

[ { "label": " Emergency Room Reports", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2781 }

{ "text": "PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for arthritis in her knee, anxiety, depression, high insulin levels, gallstone attacks, and PCOS.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , None.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , Currently employed. She is married. She is in sales. She does not smoke. She drinks wine a few drinks a month.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , She is on Carafate and Prilosec. She was on metformin, but she stopped it because of her abdominal pains.,ALLERGIES: , She is allergic to PENICILLIN.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Negative for heart, lungs, GI, GU, cardiac, or neurologic. Denies specifically asthma, allergies, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, chronic lung disease, ulcers, headache, seizures, epilepsy, strokes, thyroid disorder, tuberculosis, bleeding, clotting disorder, gallbladder disease, positive liver disease, kidney disease, cancer, heart disease, and heart attack.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , She is afebrile. Vital Signs are stable. HEENT: EOMI. PERRLA. Neck is soft and supple. Lungs clear to auscultation. She is mildly tender in the abdomen in the right upper quadrant. No rebound. Abdomen is otherwise soft. Positive bowel sounds. Extremities are nonedematous. Ultrasound reveals gallstones, no inflammation, common bile duct in 4 mm.,IMPRESSION/PLAN: , I have explained the risks and potential complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in detail including bleeding, infection, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cystic leak, duct leak, possible need for ERCP, and possible need for further surgery among other potential complications. She understands and we will proceed with the surgery in the near future.," }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1644 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR CONSULTATION: , Management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the patient on chronic hemodialysis, being admitted for chest pain.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This is a 66-year-old Native American gentleman, a patient of Dr. X, my associate, who has a past medical history of coronary artery disease, status post stent placement, admitted with chest pressure around 4 o'clock last night. He took some nitroglycerin tablets at home with no relief. He came to the ER. He is going to have a coronary angiogram done today by Dr. Y. I have seen this patient first time in the morning, approximately around the 4 o'clock. This is a late entry dictation. Presently lying in bed, but he feels fine. Denies any chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea. Denies hematuria, dysuria, or bright red blood per rectum.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Coronary artery disease, status post stent placement two years ago.,2. Diabetes mellitus for the last 12 years.,3. Hypertension.,4. End-stage renal disease.,5. History of TIA in the past.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,1. As mentioned above.,2. Cholecystectomy.,3. Appendectomy.,4. Right IJ PermaCath placement.,5. AV fistula graft in the right wrist.,PERSONAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY:, He smoked 2 to 3 packets per day for at least last 10 years. He quit smoking roughly about 20 years ago. Occasional alcohol use.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Noncontributory.,ALLERGIES: ,No known drug allergies.,MEDICATIONS AT HOME: , Metoprolol, Plavix, Rocaltrol, Lasix, Norvasc, Zocor, hydralazine, calcium carbonate, and loratadine.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,GENERAL: He is alert, seems to be in no apparent distress.,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 98.2, pulse 61, respiratory 20, and blood pressure 139/63.,HEENT: Atraumatic and normocephalic.,NECK: No JVD, no thyromegaly, supra and infraclavicular lymphadenopathy.,LUNGS: Clear to auscultation. Air entry bilateral equal.,HEART: S1 and S2. No pericardial rub.,ABDOMEN: Soft and nontender. Normal bowel sounds.,EXTREMITIES: No edema.,NEUROLOGIC: The patient is alert without focal deficit.,LABORATORY DATA:, Laboratory data shows hemoglobin 13, hematocrit 38.4, sodium 130, potassium 4.2, chloride 96.5, carbonate 30, BUN 26, creatinine 6.03, and glucose 162.,IMPRESSION:,1. End-stage renal disease, plan for dialysis today.,2. Diabetes mellitus.,3. Chest pain for coronary angiogram today.,4. Hypertension, blood pressure stable.,PLAN: , Currently follow the patient. Dr. Z is going to assume the care." }

[ { "label": " Nephrology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2525 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Stomach pain for 2 weeks.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient is a 45yo Mexican man without significant past medical history who presents to the emergency room with complaints of mid-epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain for the last 14 days. The pain was initially crampy and burning in character and was relieved with food intake. He also reports that it initially was associated with a sour taste in his mouth. He went to his primary care physician who prescribed cimetidine 400mg qhs x 5 days; however, this did not relieve his symptoms. In fact, the pain has worsened such that the pain now radiates to the back but is waxing and waning in duration. It is relieved with standing and ambulation and exacerbated when lying in a supine position. He reports a decrease in appetite associated with a 4 lb. wt loss over the last 2 wks. He does have nausea with only one episode of non-bilious, non-bloody emesis on day of admission. He reports a 2 wk history of subjective fever and diaphoresis. He denies any diarrhea, constipation, dysuria, melena, or hematochezia. His last bowel movement was during the morning of admission and was normal. He denies any travel in the last 9 years and sick contacts.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Right inguinal groin cyst removal 15 years ago. Unknown etiology. No recurrence.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:, Left femoral neck fracture with prosthesis secondary to a fall 4 years ago.,FAMILY HISTORY:, Mother with diabetes. No history of liver disease. No malignancies.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, The patient was born in central Mexico but moved to the United States 9 years ago. He is on disability due to his prior femoral fracture. He denies any tobacco or illicit drug use. He only drinks alcohol socially, no more than 1 drink every few weeks. He is married and has 3 healthy children. He denies any tattoos or risky sexual behavior.,ALLERGIES:, NKDA.,MEDICATIONS:, Tylenol prn (1-2 tabs every other day for the last 2 wks), Cimetidine 400mg po qhs x 5 days.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, No headache, vision changes. No shortness of breath. No chest pain or palpitations.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,Vitals: T 100.9-102.7 BP 136/86 Pulse 117 RR 12 98% sat on room air,Gen: Well-developed, well-nourished, no apparent distress.,HEENT: Pupils equal, round and reactive to light. Anicteric. Oropharynx clear and moist.,Neck: Supple. No lymphadenopathy or carotid bruits. No thyromegaly or masses.,CHEST: Clear to auscultation bilaterally.,CV: Tachycardic but regular rhythm, normal S1/S2, no murmurs/rubs/gallops.,Abd: Soft, active bowel sounds. Tender in the epigastrium and right upper quadrant with palpation associated with slight guarding. No rebound tenderness. No hepatomegaly. No splenomegaly.,Rectal: Stool was brown and guaiac negative.,Ext: No cyanosis/clubbing/edema.,Neurological: He was alert and oriented x3. CN II-XII intact. Normal 2+ DTRs. No focal neurological deficit.,Skin: No jaundice. No skin rashes or lesions.,IMAGING DATA:,CT Abdomen with contrast ( 11/29/03 ): There is a 6x6 cm multilobular hypodense mass seen at the level of the hepatic hilum and caudate lobe which is resulting in mass effect with dilatation of the intrahepatic radicals of the left lobe of the liver. The rest of the liver parenchyma is homogeneous. The gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands and kidneys are within normal limits. The retroperitoneal vascular structures are within normal limits. There is no evidence of lymphadenopathy, free fluid or fluid collections.,HOSPITAL COURSE:, The patient was admitted to the hospital for further evaluation. A diagnostic procedure was performed." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3635 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURES: , Left heart catheterization, left ventriculography, and left and right coronary arteriography.,INDICATIONS: , Chest pain and non-Q-wave MI with elevation of troponin I only.,TECHNIQUE: ,The patient was brought to the procedure room in satisfactory condition. The right groin was prepped and draped in routine fashion. An arterial sheath was inserted into the right femoral artery.,Left and right coronary arteries were studied with a 6FL4 and 6FR4 Judkins catheters respectively. Cine coronary angiograms were done in multiple views.,Left heart catheterization was done using the 6-French pigtail catheter. Appropriate pressures were obtained before and after the left ventriculogram, which was done in the RAO view.,At the end of the procedure, the femoral catheter was removed and Angio-Seal was applied without any complications.,FINDINGS:,1. LV is normal in size and shape with good contractility, EF of 60%.,2. LMCA normal.,3. LAD has 20% to 30% stenosis at the origin.,4. LCX is normal.,5. RCA is dominant and normal.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , Medical management, diet, and exercise. Aspirin 81 mg p.o. daily, p.r.n. nitroglycerin for chest pain. Follow up in the clinic." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1195 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with attempted intraoperative cholangiogram.,PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed supine on the operating room table. General endotracheal anesthesia was induced without incident. The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner.,A 2 cm infraumbilical midline incision was made. The fascia was then cleared of subcutaneous tissue using a tonsil clamp. A 1-2 cm incision was then made in the fascia, gaining entry into the abdominal cavity without incident. Two sutures of 0 Vicryl were then placed superiorly and inferiorly in the fascia, and then tied to the special 12 mm Hasson trocar fitted with a funnel-shaped adapter in order to occlude the fascial opening. Pneumoperitoneum was then established using carbon dioxide insufflation to a steady pressure of 16 mmHg.,The remaining trocars were then placed into the abdomen under direct vision of the 30 degree laparoscope taking care to make the incisions along Langer's lines, spreading the subcutaneous tissues with a tonsil clamp, and confirming the entry site by depressing the abdominal wall prior to insertion of the trocar. A total of 3 other trocars were placed. The first was a 10/11 mm trocar in the upper midline position. The second was a 5 mm trocar placed in the anterior axillary line approximately 3 cm above the anterior superior iliac spine. The third was a 5 mm trocar placed to bisect the distance between the second and upper midline trocars. All of the trocars were placed without difficulty.,The patient was then placed in reverse Trendelenburg position and was rotated slightly to the left. The gallbladder was then grasped through the second and third trocars and retracted cephalad toward the right shoulder. A laparoscopic dissector was then placed through the upper midline cannula, fitted with a reducer, and the structures within the triangle of Calot were meticulously dissected free.,A laparoscopic clip applier was introduced through the upper midline cannula and used to doubly ligate the cystic duct close to the gallbladder. The gallbladder was then grasped through the upper midline cannula and a fine-tipped scissors introduced through the third cannula and used to make a small ductotomy in the cystic duct near the clips. Several attempts at passing the cholangiocatheter into the ductotomy were made. Despite numerous attempts at several angles, the cholangiocatheter could not be inserted into the cystic duct. After several such attempts, and due to the fact that the anatomy was clear, we aborted any further attempts at cholangiography. The distal cystic duct was doubly clipped. The duct was divided between the clips. The clips were carefully placed to avoid occluding the juncture with the common bile duct. The port sites were injected with 0.5% Marcaine.,The cystic artery was found medially and slightly posteriorly to the cystic duct. It was carefully dissected free from its surrounding tissues. A laparoscopic clip applier was introduced through the upper midline cannula and used to doubly ligate the cystic artery proximally and distally. The artery was divided between the clips. The port sites were injected with 0.5% Marcaine.,After the cystic duct and artery were transected, the gallbladder was dissected from the liver bed using Bovie electrocautery. Prior to complete dissection of the gallbladder from the liver, the peritoneal cavity was copiously irrigated with saline and the operative field was examined for persistent blood or bile leaks of which there were none.,After the complete detachment of the gallbladder from the liver, the video laparoscope was removed and placed through the upper 10/11 mm cannula. The neck of the gallbladder was grasped with a large penetrating forceps placed through the umbilical 12 mm Hasson cannula. As the gallbladder was pulled through the umbilical fascial defect, the entire sheath and forceps were removed from the abdomen. The neck of the gallbladder was then secured with a Kocher clamp, and the gallbladder was removed from the abdomen.,Following gallbladder removal, the remaining carbon dioxide was expelled from the abdomen.,Both midline fascial defects were then approximated using 0 Vicryl suture. All skin incisions were approximated with 4-0 Vicryl in a subcuticular fashion. The skin was prepped with benzoin, and Steri-Strips were applied. Dressings were applied. All surgical counts were reported as correct.,Having tolerated the procedure well, the patient was subsequently extubated and taken to the recovery room in good and stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4688 }

{ "text": "EXAM: ,CT maxillofacial for trauma.,FINDINGS: , CT examination of the maxillofacial bones was performed without contrast. Coronal reconstructions were obtained for better anatomical localization.,There is normal appearance to the orbital rims. The ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses are clear. There is polypoid mucosal thickening involving the floor of the maxillary sinuses bilaterally. There is soft tissue or fluid opacification of the ostiomeatal complexes bilaterally. The nasal bones appear intact. The zygomatic arches are intact. The temporomandibular joints are intact and demonstrate no dislocations or significant degenerative changes. The mandible and maxilla are intact. There is soft tissue swelling seen involving the right cheek.,IMPRESSION:,1. Mucosal thickening versus mucous retention cyst involving the maxillary sinuses bilaterally. There is also soft tissue or fluid opacification of the ostiomeatal complexes bilaterally.,2. Mild soft tissue swelling about the right cheek." }

[ { "label": " ENT - Otolaryngology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1014 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR EVALUATION: , The patient is a 37-year-old white single male admitted to the hospital through the emergency room. I had seen him the day before in my office and recommended him to go into the hospital. He had just come from a trip to Taho in Nevada and he became homicidal while there. He started having thoughts about killing his mother. He became quite frightened by that thought and called me during the weekend we were able to see him on that Tuesday after talking to him.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a patient that has been suffering from a chronic psychotic condition now for a number of years. He began to have symptoms when he was approximately 18 or 19 with auditory and visual hallucinations and paranoid delusions. He was using drugs and smoking marijuana at that time has experimenting with LXV and another drugs too. The patient has not used any drugs since age 25. However, he has continued having intense and frequent psychotic bouts. I have seen him now for approximately one year. He has been quite refractory to treatment. We tried different types of combination of medications, which have included Clozaril, Risperdal, lithium, and Depakote with partial response and usually temporary. The patient has had starting with probably has had some temporary relief of the symptoms and they usually do not last more than a few days. The dosages that we have used have been very high. He has been on Clozaril 1200 mg combined with Risperdal up to 9 mg and lithium at a therapeutic level. However, he has not responded.,He has delusions of antichrist. He strongly believes that the dogs have a home in the neighborhood are communicating with him and criticizing him and he believes that all the people can communicate to him with telepathy including the animals. He has paranoid delusions. He also gets homicidal like prior to this admission.,PAST PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY:, As mentioned before, this patient has been psychotic off and on for about 20 years now. He has had years in which he did better on Clozaril and also his other medications.,With typical anti-psychotics, he has done well at times, but he eventually gets another psychotic bout.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , He has a history of obesity and also of diabetes mellitus. However, most recently, he has not been treated for diabetes since his last regular weight since he stopped taking Zyprexa. The patient has chronic bronchitis. He smokes cigarettes constantly up to 60 a day.,DRUG HISTORY:, He stopped using drugs when he was 25. He has got a lapse, but he was more than 10 years and he has been clean ever since then. As mentioned before, he smokes cigarettes quite heavily and which has been a problem for his health since he also has chronic bronchitis.,PSYCHOSOCIAL STATUS: , The patient lives with his mother and has been staying with her for a few years now. We have talked to her. She is very supportive. His only sister is also very supportive of him. He has lived in the ABCD houses in the past. He has done poorly in some of them.,MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION:, The patient appeared alert, oriented to time, place, and person. His affect is flat. He talked about auditory hallucinations, which are equivocal in nature. He is not homicidal in the hospital as he was when he was at home. His voice and speech are normal. He believes in telepathy. His memory appears intact and his intelligence is calculated as average.,INITIAL DIAGNOSES:,AXIS I: Schizophrenia.,AXIS II: Deferred.,AXIS III: History of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and chronic bronchitis.,AXIS IV: Moderate.,AXIS V: GAF of 35 on admission.,INITIAL TREATMENT AND PLAN:, Since, the patient has been on high dosages of medications, we will give him a holiday and a structured environment. We will put him on benzodiazepines and make a decision anti-psychotic later. We will make sure that he is safe and that he addresses his medical needs well." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3950 }

{ "text": "EXAM: , CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast.,REASON FOR EXAM: , Abdominal pain.,COMPARISON EXAM: , None.,TECHNIQUE: , Multiple axial images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained. 5-mm slices were acquired after injection of 125 cc of Omnipaque IV. In addition, oral ReadiCAT was given. Reformatted sagittal and coronal images were obtained.,DISCUSSION:, There are numerous subcentimeter nodules seen within the lung bases. The largest measures up to 6 mm. No hiatal hernia is identified. Consider chest CT for further evaluation of the pulmonary nodules. The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys are within normal limits. No dilated loops of bowel. There are punctate foci of air seen within the nondependent portions of the peritoneal cavity as well as the anterior subcutaneous fat. In addition, there is soft tissue stranding seen of the lower pelvis. In addition, the uterus is not identified. Correlate with history of recent surgery. There is no free fluid or lymphadenopathy seen within the abdomen or pelvis. The bladder is within normal limits for technique.,No acute bony abnormalities appreciated. No suspicious osteoblastic or osteolytic lesions.,IMPRESSION:,1. Postoperative changes seen within the pelvis without appreciable evidence for free fluid.,2. Numerous subcentimeter nodules seen within the lung bases. Consider chest CT for further characterization." }

[ { "label": " Radiology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1435 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Right distal ureteral calculus.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,The patient had hematuria and a CT urogram at ABC Radiology on 01/04/07 showing a 1 cm non-obstructing calcification in the right distal ureter. He had a KUB also showing a teardrop shaped calcification apparently in the right lower ureter. He comes in now for right ureteroscopy, Holmium laser lithotripsy, right ureteral stent placement.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Prostatism.,2. Coronary artery disease.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,1. Right spermatocelectomy.,2. Left total knee replacement in 1987.,3. Right knee in 2005.,MEDICATIONS:,1. Coumadin 3 mg daily.,2. Fosamax.,3. Viagra p.r.n.,ALLERGIES: , NONE.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, CARDIOPULMONARY: No shortness of breath or chest pain. GI: No nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. GU: Voids well. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No weakness or strokes.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Noncontributory.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL APPEARANCE: An alert male in no distress.,HEENT: Grossly normal.,NECK: Supple.,LUNGS: Clear.,HEART: Normal sinus rhythm. No murmur or gallop.,ABDOMEN: Soft. No masses.,GENITALIA: Normal penis. Testicles descended bilaterally.,RECTAL: Examination benign.,EXTREMITIES: No edema.,IMPRESSION: , Right distal ureteral calculus.,PLAN: , Right ureteroscopy, ureteral lithotripsy. Risks and complications discussed with the patient. He signed a true informed consent. No guarantees or warrantees were given." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1465 }

{ "text": "The patient was placed in the left lateral decubitus position, medicated with the above medications to achieve and maintain a conscious sedation. Vital signs were monitored throughout the procedure without evidence of hemodynamic compromise or desaturation.,The Olympus single-channel endoscope was passed under direct visualization through the oral cavity and advanced to the second portion of the duodenum.,FINDINGS:,ESOPHAGUS: Proximal and mid esophagus were without abnormalities.,STOMACH: Insufflated and retroflexed visualization of the gastric cavity revealed,DUODENUM: Normal." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 588 }

{ "text": "EXAM:, Renal ultrasound.,HISTORY: , Renal failure, neurogenic bladder, status-post cystectomy.,TECHNIQUE: , Multiple ultrasonographic images of the kidneys were obtained in the transverse and longitudinal planes.,COMPARISON:, Most recently obtained mm/dd/yy.,FINDINGS:, The right kidney measures 12 x 5.2 x 4.6 cm and the left kidney measures 12.2 x 6.2 x 4.4 cm. The imaged portions of the kidneys fail to demonstrate evidence of mass, hydronephrosis or calculus. There is no evidence of cortical thinning.,Incidentally there is a rounded low-attenuation mass within the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver measuring 2.1 x 1.5 x 1.9 cm which has suggestion of some peripheral blood flow.,IMPRESSION:,1. No evidence of hydronephrosis.,2. Mass within the right lobe of the liver. The patient apparently has a severe iodine allergy. Further evaluation with MRI is recommended.,3. The results of this examination were given to XXX in Dr. XXX office on mm/dd/yy at XXX," }

[ { "label": " Nephrology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 986 }

{ "text": "HISTORY: , This patient with prenatal care in my office who did have some preterm labor and was treated with nifedipine and was stable on nifedipine and bed rest; unfortunately, felt decreased fetal movement yesterday, 12/29/08, presented to the hospital for evaluation on the evening of 12/29/08. At approximately 2030 hours and on admission, no cardiac activity was noted by my on-call partner, Dr. X. This was confirmed by Dr. Y with ultrasound and the patient was admitted with a diagnosis of intrauterine fetal demise at 36 weeks' gestation.,SUMMARY:, She was admitted. She was 3 cm dilated on admission. She desired induction of labor. Therefore, Pitocin was started. Epidural was placed for labor pain. She did have a temperature of 100.7 and antibiotics were ordered including gentamicin and clindamycin secondary to penicillin allergy. She remained febrile, approximately 100.3. She then progressed. On my initial exam at approximately 0730 hours, she was 3 to 4 cm dilated. She had reported previously some mucous discharge with no ruptured membranes. Upon my exam, no membranes were noted. Attempted artificial rupture of membranes was performed. No fluid noted and there was no fluid discharge noted all the way until the time of delivery. Intrauterine pressure catheter was placed at that time to document there are adequate pressures on contraction secondary to induction of labor. She progressed well and completely dilated, pushed approximately three times, and proceeded with delivery.,DELIVERY NOTE:, Delivery is a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery of an intrauterine fetal demise. Fetal position is right occiput anterior.,COMPLICATIONS: , Again, intrauterine fetal demise. Placenta delivery spontaneous. Condition was intact with a three-vessel cord. Lacerations; she had a small right periurethral laceration as well as a small second-degree midline laceration. These were both repaired postdelivery with 4-0 Vicryl on an SH and a 3-0 Vicryl on a CT-1 respectively. Estimated blood loss was 200 mL.,Infant is a male infant, appears grossly morphologically normal. Apgars were 0 and 0. Weight pending at this time.,NARRATIVE OF DELIVERY:, I was called. This patient was completely dilated. I arrived. She pushed for three contractions. She was very comfortable. She delivered the fetal vertex in the right occiput anterior position followed by the remainder of the infant. There was a tight nuchal cord x1 that was reduced after delivery of the fetus. Cord was doubly clamped. The infant was transferred to a bassinet cleaned by the nursing staff en route. The placenta delivered spontaneously, was carefully examined, found to be intact. No signs of abruption. No signs of abnormal placentation or abnormal cord insertion. The cord was examined and a three-vessel cord was confirmed. At this time, IV Pitocin and bimanual massage. Fundus firm as above with minimal postpartum bleeding. The vagina and perineum were carefully inspected. A small right periurethral laceration was noted, was repaired with a 4-0 Vicryl on an SH needle followed by a small second-degree midline laceration, was repaired in a normal running fashion with a 3-0 Vicryl suture. At this time, the repair is intact. She is hemostatic. All instruments and sponges were removed from the vagina and the procedure was ended.,Father of the baby has seen the baby at this time and the mother is waiting to hold the baby at this time. We have called pastor in to baptize the baby as well as calling social work. They are deciding on a burial versus cremation, have decided against autopsy at this time. She will be transferred to postpartum for her recovery. She will be continued on antibiotics secondary to fever to eliminate endometritis and hopefully will be discharged home tomorrow morning.,All of the care and findings were discussed in detail with Christine and Bryan and at this time obviously they are very upset and grieving, but grieving appropriately and understanding the findings and the fact that there is not always a known cause for a term fetal demise. I have discussed with her that we will do some blood workup postdelivery for infectious disease profile and clotting disorders." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4239 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , Goes back to yesterday, the patient went out for dinner with her boyfriend. The patient after coming home all the family members had some episodes of diarrhea; it is unclear how many times the patient had diarrhea last night. She was found down on the floor this morning, soiled her bowel movements. Paramedics were called and the patient was brought to the emergency room. The patient was in the emergency room noted to be in respiratory failure, was intubated. The patient was in septic shock with metabolic acidosis and no blood pressure and very rapid heart rate with acute renal failure. The patient was started on vasopressors. The patient was started on IV fluids as well as IV antibiotic. The CT of the abdomen showed ileus versus bowel distention without any actual bowel obstruction or perforation. A General Surgery consultation was called who did not think the patient was a surgical candidate and needed an acute surgical procedure. The patient underwent an ultrasound of the abdomen, which did not show any evidence of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. The patient was also noted to have acute rhabdomyolysis on the workup in the emergency room.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: ,Significant for history of osteoporosis, hypertension, tobacco dependency, anxiety, neurosis, depression, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy, and history of uterine cancer.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: ,Significant for hysterectomy, bilateral femoropopliteal bypass surgeries as well as left eye cataract surgery and appendicectomy.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , She lives with her boyfriend. The patient has a history of heavy tobacco and alcohol abuse for many years.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Not available at this current time.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , As mentioned above.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: She is intubated, obtunded, gangrenous ears with gangrenous fingertips.,VITAL SIGNS: Blood pressure is absent, heart rate of 138 per minute, and the patient is on the ventilator.,HEENT: Examination shows head is atraumatic, pupils are dilated and very, very sluggishly reacting to light. No oropharyngeal lesions noted.,NECK: Supple. No JVD, distention or carotid bruit. No lymphadenopathy.,LUNGS: Bilateral crackles and bruits.,ABDOMEN: Distended, unable to evaluate if this is tender. No hepatosplenomegaly. Bowel sounds are very hyperactive.,LOWER EXTREMITIES: Show no edema. Distal pulses are decreased.,OVERALL NEUROLOGICAL: Examination cannot be assessed.,LABORATORY DATA: , The database was available at this point of time. WBC count is elevated at 19,000 with the left shift, hemoglobin of 17.7, and hematocrit of 55.8 consistent with severe dehydration. PT INR is prolonged at 1.7 and aPTT is prolonged at 60. Sodium was 143, BUN of 36, and creatinine of 2.5. The patient's blood gas shows pH of 7.05, pO2 of 99.6, and pCO2 of 99.6. Bicarb is 16.5.,ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION:,1. Septicemia with septic shock.,2. Metabolic acidosis.,3. Respiratory failure.,4. Anuria.,5. Acute renal failure.,The patient has no blood pressure at this point in time. The patient is on IV fluids. The patient is on vasopressors due to ventilator support, bronchodilators as well as IV antibiotics. Her overall prognosis is extremely poor. This was discussed with the patient's niece who is at bedside and will become indicated with her daughter when she arrives who is on the plane right now from Iowa. The patient will be maintained on these supports at this point in time, but prognosis is poor." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3535 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral open mandible fracture, open left angle and open symphysis fracture.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral open mandible fracture, open left angle and open symphysis fracture.,PROCEDURE: ,Closed reduction of mandible fracture with MMF.,ANESTHESIA: , General anesthesia via nasal endotracheal intubation.,FLUIDS: , 2 L of crystalloid.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,HARDWARE: , None.,SPECIMENS: , None.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,CONDITION: ,The patient was extubated to PACU in good condition.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , The patient is a 17-year-old female who is 2 days status post an altercation in which she sustained multiple blows to the face. She was worked up on Friday night, 2 days earlier at Hospital, was given palliative treatment and discharged and instructed to follow up as an outpatient with an oral surgeon and given a phone number to call. The patient was worked up initially. On initial exam, it was noted that the patient had a left V3 paresthesia. She had a gross malocclusion. On the facial CT and panoramic x-ray, it was noted to be a displaced left angle fracture and nondisplaced symphysis fracture. Alternatives were discussed with the patient and it was determined she would benefit from being taken to the operating room under general anesthesia to have a closed reduction of her fractures. Risks, benefits, and alternatives of treatment were thoroughly discussed with the patient and informed consent was obtained with the patient's mother.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, The patient was taken to the operating room #4 at Hospital and laid in a supine position on the operating room table. Monitor was attached and general anesthesia was induced with IV anesthetics and maintained with nasal endotracheal intubation and inhalation anesthetics. The patient was prepped and draped in the usual oromaxillofacial surgery fashion.,Surgeon approached the operating table in a sterile fashion. Approximately 10 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected into the oral vestibule in a nerve block fashion. A moistened Ray-Tec sponge was placed in the posterior oropharynx and the mouth was prepped with Peridex mouthrinse, scrubbed with a toothbrush. The Peridex was evacuated with Yankauer suction. Erich arch bars were adapted to the maxilla from the first molar to the contralateral first molar and secured with 24-gauge surgical steel wire on the posterior teeth and 26-gauge surgical steel wire on the anterior teeth. Same was done on the mandible. The patient was then manipulated up in the maximum intercuspation and noted to be reproducible. The throat pack was then removed.,The patient was remanipulated up to the maximum intercuspation and secured with interdental elastics. At this point in time, the procedure was then determined to be over.,The patient was extubated and transferred to the PACU in good condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2913 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Large left adnexal mass, 8 cm in diameter.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Pelvic adhesions, 6 cm ovarian cyst.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED: ,1. Pelvic laparotomy.,2. Lysis of pelvic adhesions.,3. Left salpingooophorectomy with insertion of Pain-Buster Pain Management System by Dr. X.,GROSS FINDINGS: ,There was a transabdominal mass palpable in the lower left quadrant. An ultrasound suggestive with a mass of 8 cm, did not respond to suppression with norethindrone acetate and on repeat ultrasound following the medical treatment, the ovarian neoplasm persisted and did not decreased in size.,PROCEDURE: ,Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed in lithotomy position, prepped and draped. A low transverse incision was made down to and through to the rectus sheath. The rectus sheath was put laterally. The inferior epigastric arteries were identified bilaterally, doubly clamped and tied with #0 Vicryl sutures. The rectus muscle was then split transversally and the peritoneum was split transversally as well. The left adnexal mass was identified and large bowel was attached to the mass and Dr. Zuba from General Surgery dissected the large bowel adhesions and separated them from the adnexal mass. The ureter was then traced and found to be free of the mass and free of the infundibulopelvic ligament. The infundibulopelvic ligament was isolated, entered via blunt dissection. A #0 Vicryl suture was put into place, doubly clamped with curved Heaney clamps, cut with curved Mayo scissors and #0 Vicryl fixation suture put into place. Curved Heaney clamps were then used to remove the remaining portion of the ovary from its attachment to the uterus and then #0 Vicryl suture was put into place. Pathology was called to evaluate the mass for potential malignancy and the pathology's verbal report at the time of surgery was that this was a benign lesion. Irrigation was used. Minimal blood loss at the time of surgery was noted. Sigmoid colon was inspected in place in physiologic position of the cul-de-sac as well as small bowel omentum. Instrument, needle, and sponge counts were called for and found to be correct. The peritoneum was closed with #0 Vicryl continuous running locking suture. The rectus sheath was closed with #0 Vicryl continuous running locking suture. A DonJoy Pain-Buster Pain Management System was placed through the skin into the subcutaneous space and the skin was closed with staples. Final instrument needle counts were called for and found to be correct. The patient tolerated the procedure well with minimal blood loss and transferred to recovery area in satisfactory condition." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2662 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Hammertoe deformity, left fifth digit.,2. Ulceration of the left fifth digit plantolaterally.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,1. Hammertoe deformity, left fifth toe.,2. Ulceration of the left fifth digit plantolaterally.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Arthroplasty of the left fifth digit proximal interphalangeal joint laterally.,2. Excision of plantar ulceration of the left fifth digit 3 cm x 1 cm in size.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient is a 38-year-old female with longstanding complaint of painful hammertoe deformity of her left fifth toe. The patient had developed ulceration plantarly after being scheduled for removal of a plantar mass in the same area. The patient elects for surgical removal of this ulceration and correction of her hammertoe deformity at this time.,After an IV was instituted by the Department of Anesthesia, the patient was escorted to the OR where the patient was placed on the Operating Room table in the supine position. After adequate amount of IV sedation was administered by Anesthesia Department, the patient was given a digital block to the left fifth toe using 0.5% Marcaine plain with 1% lidocaine plain in 1:1 mixture totaling 6 cc. Following this, the patient was draped and prepped in a normal sterile orthopedic manner. An ankle tourniquet was placed on the left ankle and the left foot was elevated and Esmarch bandage applied to exsanguinate the foot. The ankle tourniquet was then inflated to 230 mmHg and then was brought back down to the level of the table. The stockinette was then cut and reflected and held in place using towel clamp.,The skin was then cleansed using the wet and dry Ray-Tec sponge and then the plantar lesion was outlined. The lesion measured 1 cm in diameter at the level of the skin and a 3 cm elliptical incision line was drawn on the surface of the skin in the plantolateral aspect of the left fifth digit. Then using a fresh #15 blade, skin incision was made. Following this, the incision was then deepened using a fresh #15 blade down to the level of the subcutaneous tissue. Using a combination of sharp and blunt dissection, the skin was reflected distally and proximally to the lesion. The lesion appeared well encapsulated with fibrous tissue and through careful dissection using combination of sharp and drill instrumentation the ulceration was removed in its entirety. The next further exploration was performed to ensure that no residual elements of the fibrous capsular tissue remained within. The lesion extended from the level of the skin down to the periosteal tissue of the middle and distal phalanx, however, did not show any evidence of extending beyond the level of a periosteum. Remaining tissues were inspected and appeared healthy. The lesion was placed in the specimen container and sent to pathology for microanalysis as well as growth. Attention was then directed to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the left fifth digit and using further dissection with a #15 blade, the periosteum was reflected off the lateral aspect of the proximal ________ median phalanx. The capsule was also reflected to expose the prominent lateral osseous portion of this joint. Using a sagittal saw and #139 blade, the lateral osseous prominence was resected. This was removed in entirety. Then using power-oscillating rasp, the sharp edges were smoothed and recontoured to the desirable anatomic condition. Then the incision and wound was flushed using copious amounts of sterile saline with gentamycin. Following this, the bone was inspected and appeared to be healthy with no evidence of involvement from the removed aforementioned lesion.,Following this, using #4-0 nylon in a combination of horizontal mattress and simple interrupted sutures, the lesion wound was closed and skin was approximated well without tension to the surface skin. Following this, the incision site was dressed using Owen silk, 4x4s, Kling, and Coban in a normal fashion. The tourniquet was then deflated and hyperemia was noted to return to digits one through five of the left foot. The patient was then escorted from the operative table into the Postanesthesia Care Unit. The patient tolerated the procedure and anesthesia well and was brought to the Postanesthesia Care Unit with vital signs stable and vascular status intact. In the recovery, the patient was given a surgical shoe as well as given instructions for postoperative care to include rest ice and elevation as well as the patient was given prescription for Naprosyn 250 mg to be taken three times daily as well as Vicodin ES to be taken q.6h. as needed.,The patient will follow-up on Friday with Dr. X in office for further evaluation. The patient was also given instructions as to signs of infection and to monitor her operative site. The patient was instructed to keep daily dressings intact, clean, dry, and to not remove them." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4917 }

{ "text": "SUBJECTIVE:, The patient is a 49-year-old white female, established patient to Dermatology, last seen in the office on 08/10/2004. She comes in today for reevaluation of her acne plus she has had what she calls a rash for the past two months now on her chest, stomach, neck, and back. On examination, this is a flaring of her acne with small folliculitis lesions. The patient has been taking amoxicillin 500 mg b.i.d. and using Tazorac cream 0.1, and her face is doing well, but she has been out of her medicine now for three days also. She has also been getting photofacials at Healing Waters and was wondering about what we could offer as far as cosmetic procedures and skin care products, etc. The patient is married. She is a secretary.,FAMILY, SOCIAL, AND ALLERGY HISTORY:, She has hay fever, eczema, sinus, and hives. She has no melanoma or skin cancers or psoriasis. Her mother had oral cancer. The patient is a nonsmoker. No blood tests. Had some sunburn in the past. She is on benzoyl peroxide and Daypro.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:, Lexapro, Effexor, Ditropan, aspirin, vitamins.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, The patient is well developed, appears stated age. Overall health is good. She has a couple of acne lesions, one on her face and neck but there are a lot of small folliculitis-like lesions on her abdomen, chest, and back.,IMPRESSION:, Acne with folliculitis.,TREATMENT:,1. Discussed condition and treatment with the patient.,2. Continue the amoxicillin 500 mg two at bedtime.,3. Add Septra DS every morning with extra water.,4. Continue the Tazorac cream 0.1; it is okay to use on back and chest also.,5. Referred to ABC clinic for an aesthetic consult. Return in two months for followup evaluation of her acne." }

[ { "label": " Dermatology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1743 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS (ES):, L4-L5 and L5-S1 degenerative disk disease/disk protrusions/spondylosis with radiculopathy.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS (ES):, L4-L5 and L5-S1 degenerative disk disease/disk protrusions/spondylosis with radiculopathy.,PROCEDURE:,1. Left L4-L5 and L5-S1 Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF).,2. L4 to S1 fixation (Danek M8 system).,3. Right posterolateral L4 to S1 fusion.,4. Placement of intervertebral prosthetic device (Danek Capstone spacers L4-L5 and L5-S1).,5. Vertebral autograft plus bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal.,SPECIMENS:, Portions of excised L4-L5 and L5-S1 disks.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, 300 mL.,FLUIDS GIVEN:, IV crystalloid.,OPERATIVE INDICATIONS:, The patient is a 37-year-old male presenting with a history of chronic, persistent low back pain as well as left lower extremity of radicular character were recalcitrant to conservative management. Preoperative imaging studies revealed the above-noted abnormalities. After a detailed review of management considerations with the patient and his wife, he was elected to proceed as noted above.,Operative indications, methods, potential benefits, risks and alternatives were reviewed. The patient and his wife expressed understanding and consented to proceed as above.,OPERATIVE FINDINGS:, L4-L5 and L5-S1 disk protrusion with configuration as anticipated from preoperative imaging studies. Pedicle screw placement appeared satisfactory with satisfactory purchase and positioning noted at all sites as well as satisfactory findings upon probing of the pedicular tracts at each site. In addition, all pedicle screws were stimulated with findings of above threshold noted at all sites. Spacer snugness and positioning appeared satisfactory. Electrophysiological monitoring was carried out throughout the procedure and remained stable with no undue changes reported.,DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION:, After obtaining proper patient identification and appropriate preoperative informed consent, the patient was taken to the operating room on a hospital stretcher in the supine position. After the induction of satisfactory general endotracheal anesthesia and placement of appropriate monitoring equipment by Anesthesiology as well as placement of electrophysiological monitoring equipment by the Neurology team, the patient was carefully turned to the prone position and placed upon the padded Jackson table with appropriate additional padding placed as needed. The patient's posterior lumbosacral region was thoroughly cleansed and shaved. The patient was then scrubbed, prepped and draped in the usual manner. After local infiltration with 1% lidocaine with 1: 200,000 epinephrine solution, a posterior midline skin incision was made extending from approximately L3 to the inferior aspect of the sacrum. Dissection was continued in the midline to the level of the posterior fascia. Self-retaining retractors were placed and subsequently readjusted as needed. The fascia was opened in the midline, and the standard subperiosteal dissection was then carried out to expose the posterior and posterolateral elements from L3-L4 to the sacrum bilaterally with lateral exposure carried out to the lateral aspect of the transverse processes of L4 and L5 as well as the sacral alae bilaterally. _____ by completing the exposure, pedicle screw fixation was carried out in the following manner. Screws were placed in systematic caudal in a cranial fashion. The pedicle screw entry sites were chosen using standard dorsal landmarks and fluoroscopic guidance as needed. Cortical openings were created at these sites using a small burr. The pedicular tracts were then preliminarily prepared using a Lenke pedicle finder. They were then probed and subsequently tapped employing fluoroscopic guidance as needed. Each site was \"under tapped\" and reprobed with satisfactory findings noted as above. Screws in the following dimensions were placed. 6.5-mm diameter screws were placed at all sites. At S1, 40-mm length screws were placed bilaterally. At L5, 40-mm length screws were placed bilaterally, and at L4, 40-mm length screws were placed bilaterally with findings as noted above. The rod was then contoured to span from the L4 to the S1 screws on the right. The distraction was placed across the L4-L5 interspace, and the connections were temporarily secured. Using a matchstick burr, a trough was then carefully created slightly off the midline of the left lamina extending from its caudal aspect to its more cranial aspect at the foraminal level. This was longitudinally oriented. A transverse trough was similarly carefully created from the cranial point of the longitudinal trough out to the lateral aspect of the pars against the foraminal level that is slightly caudal to the L4 pedicle. This trough was completed to the level of the ligamentum flavum using small angled curettes and Kerrison rongeurs, and this portion of the lamina along with the inferior L4 articular process was then removed as a unit using rongeurs and curettes. The cranial aspect of the left L5 superior articular process was then removed using a small burr and angled curettes and Kerrison rongeurs. A superior laminotomy was performed from the left L5 lamina and flavectomy was then carried out across this region of decompression, working from caudally to cranially and medially to laterally, again using curettes and Kerrison rongeurs under direct visualization. In this manner, the left lateral aspect of the thecal sac passing left L5 spinal nerve and exiting left L4 spinal nerve along with posterolateral aspect of disk space was exposed. Local epidural veins were coagulated with bipolar and divided. Gelfoam was then placed in this area. This process was then repeated in similar fashion; thereby, exposing the posterolateral aspect of the left L5-S1 disk space. As noted, distraction had previously been placed at L4-L5, this was released. Distraction was placed across the L5-S1 interspace. After completing satisfactory exposure as noted, a annulotomy was made in the posterolateral left aspect of the L5-S1 disk space. Intermittent neural retraction was employed with due caution afforded to the neural elements throughout the procedure. The disk space was entered, and diskectomy was carried out in routine fashion using pituitary rongeurs followed by the incremental sized disk space shavers as well as straight and then angled TLIF curettes to prepare the front plate. Herniated portions of the disk were also removed in routine fashion. The diskectomy and endplate preparation were carried out working progressively from the left towards the right aspect of the disk across the midline in routine fashion. After completing this disk space preparation, Gelfoam was again placed. The decompression was assessed and appeared to be satisfactory. The distraction was released, and attention was redirected at L4-L5, where again, distraction was placed and diskectomy and endplate preparation was carried out at this interspace again in similar fashion. After completing the disk space preparation, attention was redirected to L5-S1. Distraction was released at L4-L5 and again, reapplied at L5-S1, incrementally increasing size. Trial spaces were used, and a 10-mm height by 26-mm length spacer was chosen. A medium BMP kit was appropriately reconstituted. A BMP sponge containing morcellated vertebral autograft was then placed into the anterior aspect of the disk space. The spacer was then carefully impacted into position. The distraction was released. The spacer was checked with satisfactory snugness and positioning noted. This process was then repeated in similar fashion at L4-L5, again with placement of a 10-mm height by 26-mm length Capstone spacer, again containing BMP and again with initial placement of a BMP sponge with vertebral autograft anteriorly within the interspace. This spacer was also checked again with satisfactory snugness and positioning noted. The prior placement of the spacers and BMP, the wound was thoroughly irrigated and dried with satisfactory hemostasis noted. Surgicel was placed over the exposed dura and disk space. The distraction was released on the right and compression plates across the L5-S1 and L4-L5 interspaces and the connections fully tightened in routine fashion. The posterolateral elements on the right from L4 to S1 were prepared for fusion in routine fashion, and BMP sponges with supplemental vertebral autograft was placed in the posterolateral fusion bed as well as the vertebral autograft in the dorsal aspect of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 facets on the right in a routine fashion. A left-sided rod was appropriated contoured and placed to span between the L4 to S1 screws. Again compression was placed across the L4-L5 and L5-S1 segments, and these connections were fully secured. Thorough hemostasis was ascertained after checking the construct closely and fluoroscopically. The wound was closed using multiple simple interrupted 0-Vicryl sutures to reapproximate the deep paraspinal musculature in the midline. The superficial paraspinal musculature in posterior fashion was closed in the midline using multiple simple interrupted 0-Vicryl sutures. The suprafascial subcutaneous layers were closed using multiple simple interrupted #0 and 2-0 Vicryl sutures. The skin was then closed using staples. Sterile dressings were then applied and secured in place. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was to the recovery room in satisfactory condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 9542 }

{ "text": "OPERATION PERFORMED: ,Dental prophylaxis under general anesthesia.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Impacted wisdom teeth.,2. Moderate gingivitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Impacted wisdom teeth.,2. Moderate gingivitis.,COMPLICATIONS: ,None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: ,Minimal.,DURATION OF SURGERY: ,One hour 17 minutes.,BRIEF HISTORY: ,The patient was referred to me by Dr. X. He contacted myself and stated that Angelica was going to have her wisdom teeth extracted in the setting of a hospital operating room at Hospital and he inquired if we could pair on the procedure and I could do her full mouth dental rehabilitation before the wisdom teeth were removed by him. I agreed. I saw her in my office and she was cooperative for full mouth set of radiographs in my office and a clinical examination. This clinical and radiographic examination revealed no dental caries; however, she was in need of a good dental cleaning.,OPERATIVE PREPARATION: ,The patient was brought to Hospital Day Surgery accompanied by her mother. I met with them and discussed the needs of the child, types of restoration to be performed, and the risks and benefits of the treatment as well as the options and alternatives of the treatment. After all their questions and concerns were addressed, they gave their informed consent to proceed with the treatment. The patient's history and physical examination was reviewed. Once she was cleared by Anesthesia, she was taken back to the operating room.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: ,The patient was placed on the surgical table in the usual supine position with all extremities protected. Anesthesia was induced by mask. The patient was then intubated with a nasal endotracheal tube and the tube was stabilized. The head was wrapped and the eyes were taped shut for protection. An Angiocath was previously placed in preop. The head and neck were draped in sterile towels, and the body was covered with lead apron and sterile sheath. A moist continuous throat pack was placed beyond tonsillar pillars. Plastic lip and cheek retractors were then placed. Preoperative digital intraoral photographs were taken. No digital radiographs were taken in the operating room, as I stated before I had a full set of digital radiographs taken in my office. A prophylaxis was then performed using a Prophy cup and fluoridated Prophy paste after scaling and replaning was done. She presented with moderate calculus on the buccal surfaces of her maxillary, first molars and lower molars. She did not require any restorative dentistry.,Upon the conclusion of the restorative phase, the oral cavity was aspirated and found to be free of blood, mucus, and other debris. The original treatment plan was verified with the actual treatment provided. Postoperative clinical photographs were taken. The continuous gauze throat pack was removed with continuous suction and visualization. Topical fluoride was then placed on the teeth.,At the end of the procedure, the child was undraped, extubated, and awakened in the operating room, taken to the recovery room, breathing spontaneously with stable vital signs.,FINDINGS: , This patient presented in her permanent dentition. Her teeth #1, 16, 17, and 32 were impacted and are going to be removed following my full mouth dental rehabilitation by Dr. Alexander. Oral hygiene was fair. There was generalized plaque and calculus throughout. She did not have any caries, did not require any restorative dentistry.,CONCLUSION:, Following my dental surgery, the patient continued to intubated and was prepped for oral surgery procedures by Dr. X and his associates. There were no postop pain requirements. I did not have any specific requirements for the patient or her mother and that will be handled by Dr. X and their instructions on soft foods, etc., and pain control will be managed by them." }

[ { "label": " Dentistry", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3862 }

{ "text": "TECHNIQUE: , Sequential axial CT images were obtained from the vertex to the skull base without contrast.,FINDINGS: , There is mild generalized atrophy. Scattered patchy foci of decreased attenuation are seen within the sub cortical and periventricular white matter compatible with chronic small vessel ischemic changes. The brain parenchyma is otherwise normal in attenuation with no evidence of mass, hemorrhage, midline shift, hydrocephalus, extra-axial fluid, or acute infarction. The visualized paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear. The bony calvarium and skull base are within normal limits. ,IMPRESSION: , No acute abnormalities." }

[ { "label": " Radiology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 654 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Right lateral epicondylitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Right lateral epicondylitis.,OPERATION PERFORMED:, OssaTron extracorporeal shockwave therapy to right lateral epicondyle.,ANESTHESIA:, Bier block.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , With the patient under adequate Bier block anesthesia, the patient was positioned for extracorporeal shockwave therapy. The OssaTron equipment was brought into the field and the nose piece for treatment was placed against the lateral epicondyle targeting the area previously determined with the patient's input of maximum pain. Then using standard extracorporeal shockwave protocol, the OssaTron treatment was applied to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. After completion of the treatment, the tourniquet was deflated, and the patient was returned to the holding area in satisfactory condition having tolerated the procedure well." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 895 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Right occipital arteriovenous malformation.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Right occipital arteriovenous malformation.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, CT-guided frameless stereotactic radiosurgery for the right occipital arteriovenous malformation using dynamic tracking.,Please note no qualified resident was available to assist in the procedure.,INDICATION: , The patient is a 30-year-old male with a right occipital AVM. He was referred for stereotactic radiosurgery. The risks of the radiosurgical treatment were discussed with the patient including, but not limited to, failure to completely obliterate the AVM, need for additional therapy, radiation injury, radiation necrosis, headaches, seizures, visual loss, or other neurologic deficits. The patient understands these risks and would like to proceed.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient arrived to Outpatient CyberKnife Suite one day prior to the treatment. He was placed on the treatment table. The Aquaplast mask was constructed. Initial imaging was obtained by the CyberKnife system. The patient was then transported over to the CT scanner at Stanford. Under the supervision of Dr. X, 125 mL of Omnipaque 250 contrast was administered. Dr. X then supervised the acquisition of 1.2-mm contiguous axial CT slices. These images were uploaded over the hospital network to the treatment planning computer, and the patient was discharged home.,Treatment plan was then performed by me. I outlined the tumor volume. Inverse treatment planning was used to generate the treatment plan for this patient. This resulted in a total dose of 20 Gy delivered to 84% isodose line using a 12.5 mm collimator. The maximum dose within this center of treatment volume was 23.81 Gy. The volume treated was 2.972 mL, and the treated lesion dimensions were 1.9 x 2.7 x 1.6 cm. The volume treated at the reference dose was 98%. The coverage isodose line was 79%. The conformality index was 1.74 and modified conformality index was 1.55. The treatment plan was reviewed by me and Dr. Y of Radiation Oncology, and the treatment plan was approved.,On the morning of May 14, 2004, the patient arrived at the Outpatient CyberKnife Suite. He was placed on the treatment table. The Aquaplast mask was applied. Initial imaging was used to bring the patient into optimal position. The patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery to deliver the 20 Gy to the AVM margin. He tolerated the procedure well. He was given 8 mg of Decadron for prophylaxis and discharged home.,Followup will consist of an MRI scan in 6 months. The patient will return to our clinic once that study is completed.,I was present and participated in the entire procedure on this patient consisting of CT-guided frameless stereotactic radiosurgery for the right occipital AVM.,Dr. X was present during the entire procedure and will be dictating his own operative note." }

[ { "label": " Neurosurgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2904 }

{ "text": "MULTISYSTEM EXAM,CONSTITUTIONAL: ,The vital signs showed that the patient was afebrile; blood pressure and heart rate were within normal limits. The patient appeared alert.,EYES: ,The conjunctiva was clear. The pupil was equal and reactive. There was no ptosis. The irides appeared normal.,EARS, NOSE AND THROAT: ,The ears and the nose appeared normal in appearance. Hearing was grossly intact. The oropharynx showed that the mucosa was moist. There was no lesion that I could see in the palate, tongue. tonsil or posterior pharynx.,NECK: ,The neck was supple. The thyroid gland was not enlarged by palpation.,RESPIRATORY: ,The patient's respiratory effort was normal. Auscultation of the lung showed it to be clear with good air movement.,CARDIOVASCULAR: ,Auscultation of the heart revealed S1 and S2 with regular rate with no murmur noted. The extremities showed no edema.,GASTROINTESTINAL: , The abdomen was soft, nontender with no rebound, no guarding, no enlarged liver or spleen. Bowel sounds were present.,GU: , The scrotal elements were normal. The testes were without discrete mass. The penis showed no lesion, no discharge.,LYMPHATIC: ,There was no appreciated node that I could feel in the groin or neck area.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: ,The head and neck by inspection showed no obvious deformity. Again, the extremities showed no obvious deformity. Range of motion appeared to be normal for the upper and lower extremities.,SKIN: , Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues appeared to be normal. The skin was pink, warm and dry to touch.,NEUROLOGIC: ,Deep tendon reflexes were symmetrical at the patellar area. Sensation was grossly intact by touch.,PSYCHIATRIC: , The patient was oriented to time, place and person. The patient's judgment and insight appeared to be normal." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1811 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 3-year-old female patient, who was admitted today with a history of gagging. She was doing well until about 2 days ago, when she developed gagging. No vomiting. No fever. She has history of constipation. She normally passes stool every two days after giving an enema. No rectal bleeding. She was brought to the Hospital with some loose stool. She was found to be dehydrated. She was given IV fluid bolus, but then she started bleeding from G-tube site. There was some fresh blood coming out of the G-tube site. She was transferred to PICU. She is hypertensive. Intensivist Dr. X requested me to come and look at her, and do upper endoscopy to find the site of bleeding.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , PEHO syndrome, infantile spasm, right above knee amputation, developmental delay, G-tube fundoplication.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , G-tube fundoplication on 05/25/2007. Right above knee amputation.,ALLERGIES:, None.,DIET: , She is NPO now, but at home she is on PediaSure 4 ounces 3 times a day through G-tube, 12 ounces of water per day.,MEDICATIONS: , Albuterol, Pulmicort, MiraLax 17 g once a week, carnitine, phenobarbital, Depakene and Reglan.,FAMILY HISTORY:, Positive for cancer.,PAST LABORATORY EVALUATION: , On 12/27/2007; WBC 9.3, hemoglobin 7.6, hematocrit 22.1, platelet 132,000. KUB showed large stool with dilated small and large bowel loops. Sodium 140, potassium 4.4, chloride 89, CO2 21, BUN 61, creatinine 2, AST 92 increased, ALT 62 increased, albumin 5.3, total bilirubin 0.1. Earlier this morning, she had hemoglobin of 14.5, hematocrit 41.3, platelets 491,000. PT 58 increased, INR 6.6 increased, PTT 75.9 increased.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 99 degrees Fahrenheit, pulse 142 per minute, respirations 34 per minute, weight 8.6 kg.,GENERAL: She is intubated.,HEENT: Atraumatic. She is intubated.,LUNGS: Good air entry bilaterally. No rales or wheezing.,ABDOMEN: Distended. Decreased bowel sounds.,GENITALIA: Grossly normal female.,CNS: She is sedated.,IMPRESSION: , A 3-year-old female patient with history of passage of blood through G-tube site with coagulopathy. She has a history of G-tube fundoplication, developmental delay, PEHO syndrome, which is progressive encephalopathy optic atrophy.,PLAN: ,Plan is to give vitamin K, FFP, blood transfusion. Consider upper endoscopy. Procedure and informed consent discussed with the family." }

[ { "label": " Pediatrics - Neonatal", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2448 }

{ "text": "IDENTIFYING DATA: , The patient is a 30-year-old white male with a history of schizophrenia, chronic paranoid, was admitted for increasing mood lability, paranoia, and agitation.,CHIEF COMPLAINT: , \"I am not sure.\" The patient has poor insight into hospitalization and need for treatment.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient has a history of schizophrenia and chronic paranoid, for which she has received treatment in Houston, Texas. According to mental health professionals, the patient had been noncompliant with medications for approximately two weeks. The patient had taken an airplane from Houston to Seattle, but became agitated, paranoid, expressing paranoid delusions that the stewardess and pilots were trying to reject him and was deplaned in Seattle. The patient was taken to the local shelter where he remained labile, breaking a window, and was taken to jail. The patient has now been discharged from jail but involuntarily detained for persistent paranoia and disorganization (no jail hold).,PAST PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY: , History of schizophrenia, chronic paranoid. The patient as noted has been treated in Houston but has not had recent treatment or medications.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: ,No acute medical problems noted.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , None. The patient was most recently treated with Invega and Abilify according to his records.,FAMILY SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient resides with his father in Houston. The patient has no known history of substances abuse. The patient as noted was in jail prior to admission after breaking a window at the local shelter but has no current jail hold.,FAMILY PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY:, Need to increase database.,MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION:,Attitude: Calm and cooperative.,Appearance: Shows poor hygiene and grooming.,Psychomotor: Behavior is within normal limits without agitation or retardation. No EPS or TDS noted.,Affect: Is suspicious.,Mood: Anxious but cooperative.,Speech: Shows normal rate and rhythm.,Thoughts: Disorganized,Thought Content: Remarkable for paranoia \"they want to hurt me.\",Psychosis: The patient endorses paranoid delusions as above. The patient denies auditory hallucinations.,Suicidal/Homicidal Ideation: The patient denies on admission.,Cognitive Assessment: Grossly intact. The patient is alert and oriented x 3.,Judgment: Poor, shown by noncompliance with treatment.,Assets: Include stable physical status.,Limitations: Include recurrent psychosis.,FORMULATION: ,The patient with a history of schizophrenia was admitted for increasing mood lability and psychosis due to noncompliance with treatment.,INITIAL IMPRESSION:,AXIS I: Schizophrenia, chronic paranoid.,AXIS II: None.,AXIS III: None.,AXIS IV: Severe.,AXIS V: 10.,ESTIMATED LENGTH OF STAY: , 12 days.,PLAN: ,The patient will be restarted on Invega and Abilify for psychosis. The patient will also be continued on Cogentin for EPS. Increased database will be obtained." }

[ { "label": " Psychiatry / Psychology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2942 }

{ "text": "EXAM: , CT of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast.,HISTORY: , Lower abdominal pain.,FINDINGS:, Limited views of the lung bases demonstrate linear density most likely representing dependent atelectasis. There is a 1.6 cm nodular density at the left posterior sulcus.,Noncontrast technique limits evaluation of the solid abdominal organs. Cardiomegaly and atherosclerotic calcifications are seen.,Hepatomegaly is observed. There is calcification within the right lobe of the liver likely related to granulomatous changes. Subtle irregularity of the liver contour is noted, suggestive of cirrhosis. There is splenomegaly seen. There are two low-attenuation lesions seen in the posterior aspect of the spleen, which are incompletely characterized that may represent splenic cyst. The pancreas appears atrophic. There is a left renal nodule seen, which measures 1.9 cm with a Hounsfield unit density of approximately 29, which is indeterminate.,There is mild bilateral perinephric stranding. There is an 8-mm fat density lesion in the anterior inner polar region of the left kidney, compatible in appearance with angiomyolipoma. There is a 1-cm low-attenuation lesion in the upper pole of the right kidney, likely representing a cyst, but incompletely characterized on this examination. Bilateral ureters appear normal in caliber along their visualized course. The bladder is partially distended with urine, but otherwise unremarkable.,Postsurgical changes of hysterectomy are noted. There are pelvic phlebolith seen. There is a calcified soft tissue density lesion in the right pelvis, which may represent an ovary with calcification, as it appears continuous with the right gonadal vein.,Scattered colonic diverticula are observed. The appendix is within normal limits. The small bowel is unremarkable. There is an anterior abdominal wall hernia noted containing herniated mesenteric fat. The hernia neck measures approximately 2.7 cm. There is stranding of the fat within the hernia sac.,There are extensive degenerative changes of the right hip noted with changes suggestive of avascular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the spine are observed.,IMPRESSION:,1. Anterior abdominal wall hernia with mesenteric fat-containing stranding, suggestive of incarcerated fat.,2. Nodule in the left lower lobe, recommend follow up in 3 months.,3. Indeterminate left adrenal nodule, could be further assessed with dedicated adrenal protocol CT or MRI.,4. Hepatomegaly with changes suggestive of cirrhosis. There is also splenomegaly observed.,5. Low-attenuation lesions in the spleen may represent cyst, that are incompletely characterized on this examination.,6. Fat density lesion in the left kidney, likely represents angiomyolipoma.,7. Fat density soft tissue lesion in the region of the right adnexa, this contains calcifications and may represent an ovary or possibly dermoid cyst." }

[ { "label": " Nephrology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2907 }

{ "text": "PRINCIPAL DIAGNOSIS:, Mesothelioma.,SECONDARY DIAGNOSES:, Pleural effusion, atrial fibrillation, anemia, ascites, esophageal reflux, and history of deep venous thrombosis.,PROCEDURES,1. On August 24, 2007, decortication of the lung with pleural biopsy and transpleural fluoroscopy.,2. On August 20, 2007, thoracentesis.,3. On August 31, 2007, Port-A-Cath placement.,HISTORY AND PHYSICAL: , The patient is a 41-year-old Vietnamese female with a nonproductive cough that started last week. She has had right-sided chest pain radiating to her back with fever starting yesterday. She has a history of pericarditis and pericardectomy in May 2006 and developed cough with right-sided chest pain, and went to an urgent care center. Chest x-ray revealed right-sided pleural effusion.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY,1. Pericardectomy.,2. Pericarditis.,2. Atrial fibrillation.,4. RNCA with intracranial thrombolytic treatment.,5" }

[ { "label": " Discharge Summary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 920 }

{ "text": "INTERPRETATION:,1. Predominant rhythm is normal sinus rhythm.,2. No supraventricular arrhythmia.,3. Frequent premature ventricular contractions.,4. Trigemini and couplets.,5. No high-grade atrial ventricular block was noted.,6. Diary was not kept.,IMPRESSION:, Frequent premature atrial contractions, couplets, and trigemini.," }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 333 }

{ "text": "EXAM: , Cervical, lumbosacral, thoracic spine flexion and extension.,HISTORY: , Back and neck pain.,CERVICAL SPINE,FINDINGS: ,AP, lateral with flexion and extension, and both oblique projections of the cervical spine demonstrate alignment and soft tissue structures to be unremarkable." }

[ { "label": " Radiology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 286 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Status post multiple trauma/motor vehicle accident.,2. Acute respiratory failure.,3. Acute respiratory distress/ventilator asynchrony.,4. Hypoxemia.,5. Complete atelectasis of left lung.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Status post multiple trauma/motor vehicle accident.,2. Acute respiratory failure.,3. Acute respiratory distress/ventilator asynchrony.,4. Hypoxemia.,5. Complete atelectasis of left lung.,6. Clots partially obstructing the endotracheal tube and completely obstructing the entire left main stem and entire left bronchial system.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: ,Emergent fiberoptic plus bronchoscopy with lavage.,LOCATION OF PROCEDURE: ,ICU. Room #164.,ANESTHESIA/SEDATION:, Propofol drip, Brevital 75 mg, morphine 5 mg, and Versed 8 mg.,HISTORY,: The patient is a 44-year-old male who was admitted to ABCD Hospital on 09/04/03 status post MVA with multiple trauma and subsequently diagnosed with multiple spine fractures as well as bilateral pulmonary contusions, requiring ventilatory assistance. The patient was noted with acute respiratory distress on ventilator support with both ventilator asynchrony and progressive desaturation. Chest x-ray as noted above revealed complete atelectasis of the left lung. The patient was subsequently sedated and received one dose of paralytic as noted above followed by emergent fiberoptic flexible bronchoscopy.,PROCEDURE DETAIL,: A bronchoscope was inserted through the oroendotracheal tube, which was partially obstructed with blood clots. These were lavaged with several aliquots of normal saline until cleared. The bronchoscope required removal because the tissue/clots were obstructing the bronchoscope. The bronchoscope was reinserted on several occasions until cleared and advanced to the main carina. The endotracheal tube was noted to be in good position. The bronchoscope was advanced through the distal trachea. There was a white tissue completely obstructing the left main stem at the carina. The bronchoscope was advanced to this region and several aliquots of normal saline lavage were instilled and suctioned. Again this partially obstructed the bronchoscope requiring several times removing the bronchoscope to clear the lumen. The bronchoscope subsequently was advanced into the left mainstem and subsequently left upper and lower lobes. There was diffuse mucus impactions/tissue as well as intermittent clots. There was no evidence of any active bleeding noted. Bronchoscope was adjusted and the left lung lavaged until no evidence of any endobronchial obstruction is noted. Bronchoscope was then withdrawn to the main carina and advanced into the right bronchial system. There is no plugging or obstruction of the right bronchial system. The bronchoscope was then withdrawn to the main carina and slowly withdrawn as the position of endotracheal tube was verified, approximately 4 cm above the main carina. The bronchoscope was then completely withdrawn as the patient was maintained on ventilator support during and postprocedure. Throughout the procedure, pulse oximetry was greater than 95% throughout. There is no hemodynamic instability or variability noted during the procedure. Postprocedure chest x-ray is pending at this time." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3263 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Lumbar stenosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:, Lumbar stenosis and cerebrospinal fluid fistula.,TITLE OF THE OPERATION,1. Lumbar laminectomy for decompression with foraminotomies L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1 microtechniques.,2. Repair of CSF fistula, microtechniques L5-S1, application of DuraSeal.,INDICATIONS:, The patient is an 82-year-old woman who has about a four-month history now of urinary incontinence and numbness in her legs and hands, and difficulty ambulating. She was evaluated with an MRI scan, which showed a very high-grade stenosis in her lumbar spine, and subsequent evaluation included a myelogram, which demonstrated cervical stenosis at C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 as well as a complete block of the contrast at L4-L5 and no contrast at L5-S1 either and stenosis at L3-L4 and all the way up, but worse at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. Yesterday, she underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and fusions C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7 and had some improvement of her symptoms and increased strength, even in the recovery room. She was kept in the ICU because of her age and the need to bring her back to the operating room today for decompressive lumbar laminectomy. The rationale for putting the surgery is close together that she is normally on Coumadin for atrial fibrillation, though she has been cardioverted. She and her son understand the nature, indications, and risks of the surgery, and agreed to go ahead.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought from the Neuro ICU to the operating room, where general endotracheal anesthesia was obtained. She was rolled in a prone position on the Wilson frame. The back was prepared in the usual manner with Betadine soak, followed by Betadine paint. Markings were applied. Sterile drapes were applied. Using the usual anatomical landmarks, linear midline incision was made presumed over L4-L5 and L5-S1. Sharp dissection was carried down into subcutaneous tissue, then Bovie electrocautery was used to isolate the spinous processes. A Kocher clamp was placed in the anterior spinous ligament and this turned out to be L5-S1. The incision was extended rostrally and deep Gelpi's were inserted to expose the spinous processes and lamina of L3, L4, L5, and S1. Using the Leksell rongeur, the spinous processes of L4 and L5 were removed completely, and the caudal part of L3. A high-speed drill was then used to thin the caudal lamina of L3, all of the lamina of L4 and of L5. Then using various Kerrison punches, I proceeded to perform a laminectomy. Removing the L5 lamina, there was a dural band attached to the ligamentum flavum and this caused about a 3-mm tear in the dura. There was CSF leak. The lamina removal was continued, ligamentum flavum was removed to expose all the dura. Then using 4-0 Nurolon suture, a running-locking suture was used to close the approximate 3-mm long dural fistula. There was no CSF leak with Valsalva.,I then continued the laminectomy removing all of the lamina of L5 and of L4, removing the ligamentum flavum between L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1. Foraminotomies were accomplished bilaterally. The caudal aspect of the lamina of L3 also was removed. The dura came up quite nicely. I explored out along the L4, L5, and S1 nerve roots after completing the foraminotomies, the roots were quite free. Further more, the thecal sac came up quite nicely. In order to ensure no CSF leak, we would follow the patient out of the operating room. The dural closure was covered with a small piece of fat. This was all then covered with DuraSeal glue. Gelfoam was placed on top of this, then the muscle was closed with interrupted 0 Ethibond. The lumbodorsal fascia was closed with multiple sutures of interrupted 0 Ethibond in a watertight fashion. Scarpa's fascia was closed with a running 0 Vicryl, and finally the skin was closed with a running-locking 3-0 nylon. The wound was blocked with 0.5% plain Marcaine.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: Estimated blood loss for the case was about 100 mL.,SPONGE AND NEEDLE COUNTS: Correct.,FINDINGS: A very tight high-grade stenosis at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. There were adhesions between the dura and the ligamentum flavum owing to the severity and length of the stenosis.,The patient tolerated the procedure well with stable vitals throughout." }

[ { "label": " Neurosurgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4296 }

{ "text": "CT ABDOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT CONTRAST AND CT PELVIS WITH CONTRAST,REASON FOR EXAM: , Generalized abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and recent colonic resection in 11/08.,TECHNIQUE:, Axial CT images of the abdomen were obtained without contrast. Axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were then obtained utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300.,FINDINGS: , The liver is normal in size and attenuation.,The gallbladder is normal.,The spleen is normal in size and attenuation.,The adrenal glands and pancreas are unremarkable.,The kidneys are normal in size and attenuation.,No hydronephrosis is detected. Free fluid is seen within the right upper quadrant within the lower pelvis. A markedly thickened loop of distal small bowel is seen. This segment measures at least 10-cm long. No definite pneumatosis is appreciated. No free air is apparent at this time. Inflammatory changes around this loop of bowel. Mild distention of adjacent small bowel loops measuring up to 3.5 cm is evident. No complete obstruction is suspected, as there is contrast material within the colon. Postsurgical changes compatible with the partial colectomy are noted. Postsurgical changes of the anterior abdominal wall are seen. Mild thickening of the urinary bladder wall is seen.,IMPRESSION:,1. Marked thickening of a segment of distal small bowel is seen with free fluid within the abdomen and pelvis. An inflammatory process such as infection or ischemia must be considered. Close interval followup is necessary.,2. Thickening of the urinary bladder wall is nonspecific and may be due to under distention. However, evaluation for cystitis is advised." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1640 }

{ "text": "DIAGNOSES:,1. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.,2. Recent generalized tonic-clonic seizure.,MEDICATIONS:,1. Lamictal 250 mg b.i.d.,2. Depo-Provera.,INTERIM HISTORY: , The patient returns for followup. Since last consultation she has tolerated Lamictal well, but she has had a recurrence of her myoclonic jerking. She has not had a generalized seizure. She is very concerned that this will occur. Most of the myoclonus is in the mornings. Recent EEG did show polyspike and slow wave complexes bilaterally, more prominent on the left. She states that she has been very compliant with the medications and is getting a good amount of sleep. She continues to drive.,Social history and review of systems are discussed above and documented on the chart.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Vital signs are normal. Pupils are equal and reactive to light. Extraocular movements are intact. There is no nystagmus. Visual fields are full. Demeanor is normal. Facial sensation and symmetry is normal. No myoclonic jerks noted during this examination. No myoclonic jerks provoked by tapping on her upper extremity muscles. Negative orbit. Deep tendon reflexes are 2 and symmetric. Gait is normal. Tandem gait is normal. Romberg negative.,IMPRESSION AND PLAN:, Recurrence of early morning myoclonus despite high levels of Lamictal. She is tolerating the medication well and has not had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. She is concerned that this is a precursor for another generalized seizure. She states that she is compliant with her medications and has had a normal sleep-wake cycle.,Looking back through her notes, she initially responded very well to Keppra, but did have a breakthrough seizure on Keppra. This was thought secondary to severe insomnia when her baby was very young. Because she tolerated the medication well and it was at least partially affective, I have recommended adding Keppra 500 mg b.i.d. Side effect profile of this medication was discussed with the patient.,I will see in followup in three months." }

[ { "label": " Neurology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2030 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Left breast mass with abnormal mammogram.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Left breast mass with abnormal mammogram.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, Needle-localized excisional biopsy of the left breast.,ANESTHESIA:, Local with sedation.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,SPECIMEN: , Breast mass.,DISPOSITION: , The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to recovery in stable condition.,INTRAOPERATIVE FINDINGS: , The patient had a nonpalpable left breast mass, which was excised and sent to Radiology with confirmation that the mass is in the specimen.,BRIEF HISTORY:, The patient is a 62-year-old female who presented to Dr. X's office with an abnormal mammogram showing a suspicious area on the left breast with microcalcifications and a nonpalpable mass. So the patient was scheduled for a needle-localized left breast biopsy.,PROCEDURE:, After informed consent, the risks and benefits of the procedure were explained to the patient. The patient was brought to the operating suite. After IV sedation was given, the patient was prepped and draped in normal sterile fashion. Next, a curvilinear incision was made.,After anesthetizing the skin with 0.25% Marcaine and 1% lidocaine mixture, an incision was made with a #10 blade scalpel. The lesion with needle was then grasped with an Allis clamp. Using #10 blade scalpel, the specimen was colonized out and sent to Radiology for confirmation. Next, hemostasis was obtained using electrobovie cautery. The skin was then closed with #4-0 Monocryl suture in running subcuticular fashion. Steri-Strips and sterile dressings were applied. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent to Recovery in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1703 }

{ "text": "PRE-ECLAMPSIA, is a very serious condition unique to pregnancy in which blood pressure, the kidneys and the central nervous system are compromised. It usually occurs from the 20th week of pregnancy to 7 days postpartum. The cause is unknown. It is also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension or toxemia of pregnancy.,ECLAMPSIA, is the end-stage of the pre-eclampsia process. The vast majority of women who develop pre-eclampsia are pregnant with their first child and are towards the end of their child-bearing years. There are identifiable risk factors for developing pre-eclampsia: family history of pre-eclampsia, previous pregnancy with pre-eclampsia, multiple gestation, and a hydatiform mole (an intrauterine growth that mimics pregnancy). A chronic high blood pressure and underlying blood vessel disease increases the risk. Pre-eclampsia ranges from mild to severe to eclampsia as the end-stage. Untreated pre-eclampsia can result in a stroke, fluid-build up around the lungs, kidney failure, death of baby and death of mother.,SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:,MILD PRE-ECLAMPSIA:,* Significant blood pressure increase even if you are still within the normal blood pressure limits.,* Swelling in the face, hands and feet which worsens in the a.m.,* Gaining more than a pound a week, especially in the last trimester.,* Routine prenatal checkup reveals protein in the urine.,* Seizures are possible.,SEVERE PRE-ECLAMPSIA:,* More blood pressure increase.,* Further swelling in face, hands and feet.,* Visual disturbances.,* Headache.,* Irritability.,* Abdominal pain.,* Tiredness.,* Decreased urination.,* Seizures possible.,* Nausea and vomiting.,ECLAMPSIA:,* Symptoms worsen.,* Seizures.,* Muscle twitches.,* Coma.,TREATMENT:,* Diagnosis - blood tests, urinalysis, blood pressure monitoring.,* Mild preeclampsia can be treated at home. Severe symptoms require hospitalization and possible early delivery of the baby, often by cesarean section.,* Daily weighing.,* Daily monitoring for protein in urine.,* Medications to lower blood pressure if preeclampsia is severe.,* Magnesium sulfate or other anti-seizure drugs may be necessary to prevent seizures.,* Get lots of rest! Lay on your left side to help circulation.,* Follow any dietary advice given by your doctor.,* Get regular prenatal checkups! Eat a nutritious diet and take your vitamin supplements.,* Never take any medications that are not prescribed or recommended by your physician.,* Call the office if your headaches become severe, you have visual disturbances or if you gain more than 3 pounds in 24 hours.,RESTRICTING CAFFEINE:,You should reduce your intake of caffeine by cutting back on coffee and other caffeinated beverages like soda. In addition, you should avoid chocolate that also contains caffeine.,RESTRICTING SALT:,You are to restrict your salt intake by reducing or eliminating table salt from your meals and avoiding foods that are high in salt concentration. For more information about which foods are high in salt, read the label of any foods you intend to consume and look for sodium content." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3111 }

{ "text": "PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,GENERAL: , The patient is awake and alert, in no apparent distress, appropriate, pleasant and cooperative. No dysarthria is noted. No discomfort on presentation is noted. ,HEAD: , Atraumatic, normocephalic. Pupils are equal, round and reactive to light. Extraocular muscles are intact. Sclerae are white without injection or icterus. Fundi are without papilledema, hemorrhages or exudates with normal vessels. ,EARS: , The ear canals are patent without edema, exudate or drainage. Tympanic membranes are intact with a normal cone of light. No bulging or erythema to indicate infection is present. There is no hemotympanum. Hearing is grossly intact. ,NOSE:, Without deformity, bleeding or discharge. No septal hematoma is noted. ,ORAL CAVITY:, No swelling or abnormality to the lip or teeth. Oral mucosa is pink and moist. No swelling to the palate or pharynx. Uvula is midline. The pharynx is without exudate or erythema. No edema is seen of the tonsils. The airway is completely patent. The voice is normal. No stridor is heard. ,NECK: , No signs of meningismus. No Brudzinski or Kernig sign is present. No adenopathy is noted. No JVD is seen. No bruits are auscultated. Trachea is midline. ,CHEST: , Symmetrical with equal breath sounds. Equal excursion. No hyperresonance or dullness to percussion is noted. There is no tenderness on palpation of the chest. ,LUNGS: ,Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No rales, rhonchi or wheezes are appreciated. Good air movement is auscultated in all 4 lung fields. ,HEART:, Regular rate and rhythm. No murmur. No S3, S4 or rub is auscultated. Point of maximal impulse is strong and in normal position. Abdominal aorta is not palpable. The carotid upstroke is normal. ,ABDOMEN: ,Soft, nontender and nondistended. Normal bowel sounds are auscultated. No organomegaly is appreciated. No masses are palpated. No tympany is noted on percussion. No guarding, rigidity or rebound tenderness is seen on exam. Murphy and McBurney sign is negative. There is no Rovsing, obturator or psoas sign present. No hepatosplenomegaly and no hernias are noted. ,RECTAL:, Normal tone. No masses. Soft, brown stool in the vault. Guaiac negative. ,GENITOURINARY:, Penis is normal without lesion or urethral discharge. Scrotum is without edema. The testes are descended bilaterally. No masses are palpated. There is no tenderness. ,EXTREMITIES: , No clubbing, cyanosis or edema. Pulses are strong and equal in the femoral and dorsalis pedis arteries, bounding and equal. No deformity or signs of trauma. All joints are stable without laxity. There is good range of motion of all joints without tenderness or discomfort. Homan sign is negative. No atrophy or contractures are noted. ,SKIN: , No rashes. No jaundice. Pink and warm with good turgor. Good color. No erythema or nodules noted. No petechia, bulla or ecchymosis. ,NEUROLOGIC: , Cranial nerves II through XII are grossly intact. Muscle strength is graded 5/5 in the upper and lower extremities bilaterally. Deep tendon reflexes are symmetrical in the upper and lower extremities bilaterally. Babinski is downgoing bilaterally. Sensation is intact to light touch and vibration. Gait is normal. Romberg, finger-to-nose, rapid alternating movements and heel-to-shin are all normal. There is no ataxia seen on gait testing. Tone is normal. No pronator drift is seen. ,PSYCHIATRIC: ,The patient is oriented x4. Mood and affect are appropriate. Memory is intact with good short- and long-term memory recall. No dysarthria is noted. Remote memory is intact. Judgment and insight appear normal.," }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3680 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Eyebrow ptosis.,2. Dermatochalasia of upper and lower eyelids with tear trough deformity of the lower eyelid.,3. Cervical facial aging with submental lipodystrophy.,OPERATION:,1. Hairline biplanar temporal browlift.,2. Quadrilateral blepharoplasty with lateral canthopexy with arcus marginalis release and fat transposition over inferior orbital rim to lower eyelid.,3. Cervical facial rhytidectomy with purse-string SMAS elevation with submental lipectomy.,ASSISTANT: ,None.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal anesthesia.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was placed in a supine position and prepped with general endotracheal anesthesia. Local infiltration anesthesia with 1% Xylocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine was infiltrated in upper and lower eyelids.,Markings were made and fusiform ellipse of skin was resected from the upper eyelid. The lower limb of the fusiform ellipse was at the superior palpebral fold. A 9 mm of upper eyelid skin was resected at the widest portion of the lips, which extended from medial canthal area to the lateral orbital rim. This was performed bilaterally and symmetrically and the skin was removed. Incision was made through the pretarsal orbicularis with small amount of fat being removed from the medial and middle fat pocket. An incision was made over the superior orbital rim. Subperiosteal dissection was performed over the forehead. The dissection proceeded medially. The corrugator and procerus muscles were carefully dissected from the supratrochlear nerves on both right and left side and cauterized.,Hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery in this fashion. A 4-cm incision was made, and the forehead at the hairline, subcutaneous dissection was performed and extended over the frontalis muscle for approximately 4 cm. A subperiosteal dissection was performed after the fibers of the frontalis muscle were separated and subperiosteal dissection from the forehead lead the subperiosteal dissection from the upper eyelid. The incision was made in the lower lid just beneath the lashline. Subcutaneous dissection was performed over the pretarsal and preseptal muscle. Dissection was then proceeded down to the inferior orbital rim. The arcus marginalis was released and the lower eyelid fat was teased over the inferior orbital rim and sutured to the suborbicularis oculi fat and periosteum, which was separated from the inferior orbital rim. The orbital fat was sutured to the suborbicularis oculi fat with multiple preplaced sutures of 5-0 Vicryl on a P2 needle. The upper eyelid incision was closed with a running subcuticular 6-0 Prolene suture bilaterally. The forehead was then elevated, and the nonhairbearing forehead skin was resected 1.5 cm wide raising the tail of the eyebrow. The head of the eyebrow was felt to be elevated by the antagonistic frontalis muscle now that the accessory muscles specifically the corrugator and procerus and depressor supercilii were released and divided.,A lateral canthopexy was performed with 5-0 Prolene suture on a C1 double-arm tapered needle being passed from the lateral commissure of the eyelid to the small stab incision being passed to the medial superior orbital rim and sutured to tighten the lower lid. The distal lateral resection of excessive lower eyelid skin was reduced at risk of eyelid malposition. The lower lid incision was closed after the redundancy of skin measuring approximately 3 mm was resected on both sides. Closure was performed with interrupted 6-0 silk suture for the lower lid. The eyebrow hairline brow lift was closed with interrupted 4-0 PDS suture, deep subcutaneous tissue, and dermis, and the skin closed with a running 5-0 Prolene suture.,Attention then was directed to the cervical facial rhytidectomy and purse-string SMAS elevation with submental lipectomy. Incisions were made in preauricular area, postauricular area, mastoid and occipital area. Subcutaneous dissection was performed to the nasolabial fold and cheek and extending across the neck in the midline. Submental lipectomy was performed through the incision in the submental crease. Fat was directly removed from the fascia.,Hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery. A SMAS elevation was performed with a purse-string suture of 2-0 PDS suture from temporalis fascia in front of the ear extending beneath the mandible and then brought back up to be sutured to the temporalis fascia. This was performed bilaterally and symmetrically. Hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery. The cheek flap was brought back posteriorly and the cervical flap posteriorly and superiorly with redundant skin on the right massaged and closed. The skin of the cheek and neck were resected which was redundant after the ***** posteriorly and superiorly in the neck and transversely in the cheek.,Closure was performed with interrupted 3-0 and 4-0 PDS suture of deep subcutaneous tissue and dermis of the skin was closed with a running 5-0 Prolene suture. Drains were placed prior to final closure. A 7-mm flat Jackson-Pratt was then secured with 3-0 silk suture. Dressing consisting of fluffs and Kerlix and a 4-inch Ace were applied to support mildly compressive dressing. Scleral eye protectors were removed. Maxitrol eye ointment was placed followed by Swiss therapy eye pads. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and she returned to recovery room in satisfactory condition with Foley catheter and Pneumatic compression stockings, TED hose, two Jackson-Pratt drains, and an IV." }

[ { "label": " Cosmetic / Plastic Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5526 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR THE CONSULT:, Nonhealing right ankle stasis ulcer.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 52-year-old native American-Indian man with hypertension, chronic intermittent bipedal edema, and recurrent leg venous ulcers, who was admitted on 01/27/09 for scheduled vascular surgery per Dr. X. I was consulted for nonhealing right ankle stasis ulcer. There is a concern that the patient had a low-grade fever of 100.2 early this morning. The patient otherwise feels well. He was not even aware of the fever. He does have some ankle pain, worse on the right than the left. Old medical records were reviewed. He has multiple hospitalizations for leg cellulitis. Multiple wound cultures have repeatedly grown Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, and Stenotrophomonas in the past. Klebsiella and Enterobacter have also grown in the few wound cultures at some point. The patient has been following up at the wound center as an outpatient and was referred to Dr. X for definitive surgical management.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,CONSTITUTIONAL: No malaise. Positive recent low-grade fevers. No chills.,HEENT: No acute change in visual acuity, no diplopia, no acute hearing disturbances, and no sinus congestion. No sore throat.,CARDIAC: No chest pain or cough.,GASTROINTESTINAL: No nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.,All other systems were reviewed and were negative.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: ,Hypertension, exploratory laparotomy in 2004 for abdominal obstruction, cholecystectomy in 2005, chronic intermittent bipedal edema, venous insufficiency, chronic recurrent stasis ulcers.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient admits to heavy alcohol drinking in the past, quit several years ago. He is also a former cigarette smoker, quit several years ago.,ALLERGIES:, None known.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:, Primaxin, daptomycin, clonidine, furosemide, potassium chloride, lisinopril, metoprolol, ranitidine, Colace, amlodipine, zinc sulfate, Lortab p.r.n., multivitamins with minerals.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,CONSTITUTIONAL/VITAL SIGNS: Heart rate 73, respiratory rate 20, blood pressure 104/67, temperature 98.3, and oxygen saturation 92% on room air.,GENERAL APPEARANCE: The patient is awake, alert, and not in cardiorespiratory distress. Height 6 feet 1.5 inches, body weight 125.26 kilos.,EYES: Pink conjunctivae, anicteric sclerae. Pupils equal, brisk reaction to light.,EARS, NOSE, MOUTH AND THROAT: Intact gross hearing. Moist oral mucosa. No oral lesions.,NECK: No palpable neck masses. Thyroid is not enlarged on inspection.,RESPIRATORY: Regular inspiratory effort. No crackles or wheezes.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Regular cardiac rhythm. No thrills or rubs.,GASTROINTESTINAL: Normoactive bowel sounds. Soft. No guarding or rigidity.,LYMPHATIC: No cervical lymphadenopathy.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: Good range of motion of upper and lower extremities.,SKIN: There is hyperpigmentation involving the distal calf of both legs. There is an open wound on the right medial,malleolar area measuring 9 x 5cm with minimal serous drainage. Periwound is hyperpigmented with a hint of erythema extending proximally to the medial aspect, distal third of the right lower leg. There is warmth, but minimal tenderness on palpation of this area. There is also a wound on the right lateral malleolar area measuring 4 x 3 cm, another open wound on the left medial malleolar area measuring 7 x 4 cm. Wound edges are poorly defined.,PSYCHIATRIC: Appropriate mood and affect, oriented x3. Fair judgment and insight.,LABORATORY RESULTS: , White blood cell count from 01/28/09 is 5.8 with 64% neutrophils, H&H 11.3/33.8, and platelet count 176,000. BUN and creatinine 9.2/0.52. Albumin 3.6, AST 25, ALT 9, alk phos 87, and total bilirubin 0.6. One wound culture from right leg wound culture from 01/27/09 noted with young growth. Left leg wound culture from 01/27/09 also with young growth.,RADIOLOGY:, Chest x-ray done on 01/28/09 showed chronic bibasilar subsegmental atelectasis likely related to elevated hemidiaphragm secondary to chronic ileus. No absolute findings.,IMPRESSION:,1. Fevers.,2. Right leg/ankle cellulitis.,3. Chronic recurrent bilateral ankle venous ulcers.,4. Multiple previous wound cultures positive for Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, and Stenotrophomonas.,5. Hypertension.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1. We have ordered 2 sets of blood cultures.,2. Agree with daptomycin and Primaxin IV.,3. Follow up result of wound cultures.,4. I will order an MRI of the right ankle to check for underlying osteomyelitis.,Additional ID recommendations as appropriate upon followup." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4564 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Bilateral hydroceles.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Bilateral hydroceles.,PROCEDURE: , Bilateral scrotal hydrocelectomies, large for both, and 0.5% Marcaine wound instillation, 30 mL given.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Less than 10 mL.,FLUIDS RECEIVED: , 800 mL.,TUBES AND DRAINS: , A 0.25-inch Penrose drains x4.,INDICATIONS FOR OPERATION: ,The patient is a 17-year-old boy, who has had fairly large hydroceles noted for some time. Finally, he has decided to have them get repaired. Plan is for surgical repair.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: ,The patient was taken to the operating room where surgical consent, operative site, and patient identification were verified. Once he was anesthetized, he was then shaved, prepped, and then sterilely prepped and draped. IV antibiotics were given. Ancef 1 g given. A scrotal incision was then made in the right hemiscrotum with a 15-blade knife and further extended with electrocautery. Electrocautery was used for hemostasis. Once we got to the hydrocele sac itself, we then opened and delivered the testis, drained clear fluid. There was moderate amount of scarring on the testis itself from the tunica vaginalis. It was then wrapped around the back and sutured in place with a running suture of 4-0 chromic in a Lord maneuver. Once this was done, a drain was placed in the base of the scrotum and then the testis was placed back into the scrotum in the proper orientation. A similar procedure was performed on the left, which has also had a hydrocele of the cord, which were both addressed and closed with Lord maneuver similarly. This testis also was normal but had moderate amount of scarring on the tunic vaginalis from this. A similar drain was placed. The testes were then placed back into the scrotum in a proper orientation, and the local wound instillation and wound block was then placed using 30 mL of 0.5% Marcaine without epinephrine. IV Toradol was given at the end of the procedure. The skin was then sutured with a running interlocking suture of 3-0 Vicryl and the drains were sutured to place with 3-0 Vicryl. Bacitracin dressing, ABD dressing, and jock strap were placed. The patient was in stable condition upon transfer to the recovery room." }

[ { "label": " Urology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2241 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Prostate cancer.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Prostate cancer.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , Radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection.,ANESTHESIA: ,General epidural,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 800 cc.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: , This is a 64-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the prostate confirmed by needle biopsies. He has elected to undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. Potential complications include, but are not limited to:,1. Infection.,2. Bleeding.,3. Incontinence.,4. Impotence.,5. Deep venous thrombosis.,6. Recurrence of the cancer.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , Epidural anesthesia was administered by the anesthesiologist in the holding area. Preoperative antibiotic was also given in the preoperative holding area. The patient was then taken into the operating room after which general LMA anesthesia was administered. The patient was shaved and then prepped using Betadine solution. A sterile 16-French Foley catheter was inserted into the bladder with clear urine drain. A midline infraumbilical incision was performed. The rectus fascia was opened sharply. The perivesical space and the retropubic space were developed bluntly. Bookwalter retractor was then placed. Bilateral obturator pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. The obturator nerve was identified and was untouched. The margin for the resection of the lymph node bilaterally were the Cooper's ligament, the medial edge of the external iliac artery, the bifurcation of the common iliac vein, the obturator nerve, and the bladder. Both hemostasis and lymphostasis was achieved by using silk ties and Hemo clips. The lymph nodes were palpably normal and were set for permanent section. The Bookwalter retractor was then repositioned and the endopelvic fascia was opened bilaterally using Metzenbaum scissors. The puboprostatic ligament was taken down sharply. The superficial dorsal vein complex over the prostate was bunched up by using the Allis clamp and then tied by using 2-0 silk sutures. The deep dorsal vein complex was then bunched up by using the Allis over the membranous urethral area. The dorsal vein complex was ligated by using 0 Vicryl suture on a CT-1 needle. The Allis clamp was removed and the dorsal vein complex was transected by using Metzenbaum scissors. The urethra was then identified and was dissected out. The urethral opening was made just distal to the apex of the prostate by using Metzenbaum scissors. This was extended circumferentially until the Foley catheter could be seen clearly. 2-0 Monocryl sutures were then placed on the urethral stump evenly spaced out for the anastomosis to be performed later. The Foley catheter was removed and the posteriormost aspect of urethra and rectourethralis muscle was transected. The lateral pelvic fascia was opened bilaterally to sweep the neurovascular bundles laterally on both sides. The plane between Denonvilliers' fascia and the perirectal fat was developed sharply. No tension was placed on the neurovascular bundle at any point in time. The prostate dissected off the rectal wall easily. Once the seminal vesicles were identified, the fascia covering over them were opened transversely. The seminal vesicles were dissected out and the small bleeding vessels leading to them were clipped by using medium clips and then transected. The bladder neck was then dissected out carefully to spare most of the bladder neck muscles. Once all of the prostate had been dissected off the bladder neck circumferentially the mucosa lining the bladder neck was transected releasing the entire specimen. The specimen was inspected and appeared to be completely intact. It was sent for permanent section. The bladder neck mucosa was then everted by using 4-0 chromic sutures. Inspection at the prostatic bed revealed no bleeding vessels. The sutures, which were placed previously onto the urethral stump, were then placed onto the bladder neck. Once the posterior sutures had been placed, the Foley was placed into the urethra and into the bladder neck. A 20-French Foley Catheter was used. The anterior sutures were then placed. The Foley was then inflated. The bed was straightened and the sutures were tied down sequentially from anteriorly to posteriorly. Mild traction of the Foley catheter was placed to assure the anastomosis was tight. Two #19-French Blake drains were placed in the perivesical spaces. These were anchored to the skin by using 2-0 silk sutures. The instrument counts, lab counts, and sponge counts were verified to be correct, the patient was closed. The fascia was closed in running fashion using #1 PDS. Subcutaneous tissue was closed by using 2-0 Vicryl suture. Skin was approximated by using metallic clips. The patient tolerated the operation well." }

[ { "label": " Urology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4873 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Symptomatic cholelithiasis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Symptomatic cholelithiasis.,PROCEDURE: , Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy (CPT 47563, 44970).,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal.,INDICATIONS: ,This is an 18-year-old girl with sickle cell anemia who has had symptomatic cholelithiasis. She requested appendectomy because of the concern of future diagnostic dilemma with pain crisis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy were recommended to her. The procedure was explained in detail including the risks of bleeding, infection, biliary injury, retained common duct stones. After answering her questions, she wished to proceed and gave informed consent.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room, placed supine on the operating table. She was positively identified and the correct surgical site and procedure reviewed. After successful administration of general endotracheal anesthesia, the skin of the abdomen was prepped with chlorhexidine solution and sterilely draped.,The infraumbilical skin was infiltrated with 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine and horizontal incision created. The linea alba was grasped with a hemostat and Veress needle was placed into the peritoneal cavity and used to insufflate carbon dioxide gas to a pressure of 15 mmHg. A 12-mm expandable disposable trocar was placed and through this a 30 degree laparoscope was used to inspect the peritoneal cavity. Upper abdominal anatomy was normal. Pelvic laparoscopy revealed bilaterally closed internal inguinal rings. Additional trocars were placed under direct vision including a 5-mm reusable in the right lateral _____. There was a 12-mm expandable disposable in the right upper quadrant and a 5-mm reusable in the subxiphoid region. Using these, the gallbladder was grasped and retraced cephalad. Adhesions were taken down over the cystic duct and the duct was circumferentially dissected and clipped at the gallbladder cystic duct junction. A small ductotomy was created. Reddick cholangiogram catheter was then placed within the duct and the balloon inflated. Continuous fluoroscopy was used to instill contrast material. This showed normal common bile duct which entered the duodenum without obstruction. There was no evidence of common bile duct stones. The cholangiogram catheter was removed. The duct was doubly clipped and divided. The artery was divided and cauterized. The gallbladder was taken out of the gallbladder fossa. It was then placed in Endocatch bag and left in the abdomen. Attention was then paid to the appendix. The appendix was identified and window was made in the mesoappendix at the base. This was amputated with an Endo-GIA stapler. The mesoappendix was divided with an Endo-GIA vascular stapler. This was placed in another Endocatch bag. The abdomen was then irrigated. Hemostasis was satisfactory. Both the appendix and gallbladder were removed and sent for pathology. All trocars were removed. The 12-mm port sites were closed with 2-0 PDS figure-of-eight fascial sutures. The umbilical skin was reapproximated with interrupted 5-0 Vicryl Rapide. The remaining skin incisions were closed with 5-0 Monocryl subcuticular suture. The skin was cleaned. Mastisol, Steri-Strips and band-aids were applied. The patient was awakened, extubated in the operating room, transferred to the recovery room in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3444 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURES PERFORMED:, Colonoscopy.,INDICATIONS:, Renewed symptoms likely consistent with active flare of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, not responsive to conventional therapy including sulfasalazine, cortisone, local therapy.,PROCEDURE: , Informed consent was obtained prior to the procedure with special attention to benefits, risks, alternatives. Risks explained as bleeding, infection, bowel perforation, aspiration pneumonia, or reaction to the medications. Vital signs were monitored by blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. Supplemental O2 given. Specifics discussed. Preprocedure physical exam performed. Stable vital signs. Lungs clear. Cardiac exam showed regular rhythm. Abdomen soft. Her past history, her past workup, her past visitation with me for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, well responsive to sulfasalazine reviewed. She currently has a flare and is not responding, therefore, likely may require steroid taper. At the same token, her symptoms are mild. She has rectal bleeding, essentially only some rusty stools. There is not significant diarrhea, just some lower stools. No significant pain. Therefore, it is possible that we are just dealing with a hemorrhoidal bleed, therefore, colonoscopy now needed. Past history reviewed. Specifics of workup, need for followup, and similar discussed. All questions answered.,A normal digital rectal examination was performed. The PCF-160 AL was inserted into the anus and advanced to the cecum without difficulty, as identified by the ileocecal valve, cecal stump, and appendical orifice. All mucosal aspects thoroughly inspected, including a retroflexed examination. Withdrawal time was greater than six minutes. Unfortunately, the terminal ileum could not be intubated despite multiple attempts.,Findings were those of a normal cecum, right colon, transverse colon, descending colon. A small cecal polyp was noted, this was biopsy-removed, placed in bottle #1. Random biopsies from the cecum obtained, bottle #2; random biopsies from the transverse colon obtained, as well as descending colon obtained, bottle #3. There was an area of inflammation in the proximal sigmoid colon, which was biopsied, placed in bottle #4. There was an area of relative sparing, with normal sigmoid lining, placed in bottle #5, randomly biopsied, and then inflammation again in the distal sigmoid colon and rectum biopsied, bottle #6, suggesting that we may be dealing with Crohn disease, given the relative sparing of the sigmoid colon and junk lesion. Retroflexed showed hemorrhoidal disease. Scope was then withdrawn, patient left in good condition. ,IMPRESSION:, Active flare of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, question of Crohn disease.,PLAN: , I will have the patient follow up with me, will follow up on histology, follow up on the polyps. She will be put on a steroid taper and make an appointment and hopefully steroids alone will do the job. If not, she may be started on immune suppressive medication, such as azathioprine, or similar. All of this has been reviewed with the patient. All questions answered." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3102 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. Acquired absence of bilateral breast status post previous bilateral DIEP flap reconstruction.,2. Bilateral breast asymmetry.,3. Right breast macromastia.,4. Right abdominal scar deformity.,5. Left abdominal scar deformity.,6. A 1.3 cm lesion right inferior breast.,7. Lesion measuring 0.5 cm right inferior breast lateral.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. Acquired absence of bilateral breast status post previous bilateral DIEP flap reconstruction.,2. Bilateral breast asymmetry.,3. Right breast macromastia.,4. Right abdominal scar deformity.,5. Left abdominal scar deformity.,6. A 1.3 cm lesion right inferior breast.,7. Lesion measuring 0.5 cm right inferior breast lateral.,PROCEDURES,1. Left breast flap revision.,2. Right breast flap revision.,3. Right breast reduction mammoplasty.,4. Right nipple reconstruction.,5. Left abdominal scar deformity.,6. Right abdominal scar deformity.,7. Excision of right breast medial lesion enclosure.,8. Excision of right breast lateral lesion enclosure.,ANESTHESIA:, General.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,DRAINS:, None.,SPECIMENS:, Right breast skin and lesions x2.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,INDICATIONS:, This patient is a 54-year-old white female who presents for a revision of her previous bilateral breast reconstruction. The patient had asymmetry as well as right breast hypertrophy, and therefore, the procedures named above were indicated. The patient was informed about the possible risks and complications of the above procedures and gave an informed consent.,PROCEDURE:, The patient was brought to the operating room, placed supine on the operative table. After adequate endotracheal anesthesia was established and IV prophylactic antibiotics were given, the chest and abdomen were prepped and draped in standard surgical fashion.,Attention was first turned to the left breast where liposuction was performed laterally to allow for better contour and minimize the outer quadrant. The incision was made for this and was then closed with 5-0 Prolene interrupted suture.,Attention was then turned to the right breast where liposuction was also performed to reduce the medial superior and lateral quadrants. Once this was performed, the vertical reduction mammoplasty was outlined. Prior to that, the nipple reconstruction was performed with a keyhole pattern flap. The flap was elevated with 15-blade and hemostasis was then obtained with the Bovie. The flap was then sutured onto itself and secured with 5-0 Prolene interrupted sutures. Then the lateral and medial limbs were undermined to close the defect and this was performed with 3-0 Monocryl interrupted sutures. Subsequently, the reduction mastectomy skin was then excised sharply and passed up the table marked and sent to Pathology. ,Hemostasis was then obtained with the Bovie and then undermining was performed in the medial, superior, and lateral skin to allow for closure of the reduction incisions. Once this was performed, a 3-0 Monocryl interrupted sutures were used to close the inferior limb. Subsequently 2-0 PDS continuous suture was then placed in the periareolar area to close the defect, with a diameter that equaled the new nipple areolar complex. Once this was performed, the remaining incision was then closed with 3-0 Monocryl followed by 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular sutures. Subsequently, the 2 lesions were excised, the larger one which was medial and the lateral one that was smaller that were excised sharply, passed up the table and sent to Pathology. They were closed in 2 layers using 3-0 Monocryl followed by 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular suture.,Attention was then turned to the abdominal scars where liposuction and tumescent solution of diluted epinephrine were used to minimize the amount of excision that was required. Subsequently the extra skin was excised sharply in an elliptical fashion on the right side measuring approximately 10 x 3 cm, this was the superior and inferior skin, was when undermined and closure was performed after hemostasis was obtained with 3-0 Monocryl followed by 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular suture.,Attention was then turned to the contralateral left side where there was a larger defect. There was a larger excision required measuring approximately 15 x 3 cm. The superior and inferior edges of skin were undermined and closed primarily using 3-0 Monocryl followed by 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular sutures. Steri-Strips were placed on all incisions followed by surgical bra.,The patient tolerated the procedure well and was extubated without complications and transferred to the recovery room in stable condition. All instruments, needle counts, and sponges were correct at the end of the case." }

[ { "label": " Cosmetic / Plastic Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4711 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , Mr. A is a 50-year-old gentleman with a history of atrial fibrillation in the past, more recently who has had atrial flutter, who estimates he has had six cardioversions since 10/09, and estimates that he has had 12 to 24 in his life beginning in 2006 when the atrial fibrillation first emerged. He, since 10:17 p.m. on 01/17/10, noted recurrence of his atrial fibrillation, called our office this morning, that is despite being on flecainide, atenolol, and he is maintained on Coumadin.,The patient has noted some lightheadedness as well as chest discomfort and shortness of breath when atrial flutter recurred and we see that on his 12-lead EKG here. Otherwise, no chest pain.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and again he had atrial fibrillation more persistently in 2006, but more recently it has been atrial flutter and that is despite use of antiarrhythmics including flecainide. He completed a stress test in my office within the past several weeks that was normal without evidence of ischemia. Other medical history is significant for hyperlipidemia.,MEDICATIONS:,As outpatient,,1. Atenolol 25 mg once a day.,2. Altace 2.5 mg once a day.,3. Zocor 20 mg once a day.,4. Flecainide 200 in the morning and 100 in the evening.,5. Coumadin as directed by our office.,ALLERGIES: , TO MEDICATIONS ARE NONE. HE DENIES SHRIMP, SEA FOOD OR DYE ALLERGY.,FAMILY HISTORY: , He has a nephew who was his sister's son who passed away at age 22 reportedly from an MI, but was reported to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well. The patient has previously met with the electrophysiologist, Dr. X, at General Hospital and it sounds like he had a negative EP study.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient does not smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol nor drink any caffeine. No use of illicit drugs. He has been married for 22 years and he is actually accompanied throughout today's cardiology consultation by his wife. He is not participating in regular exercises now because he states since starting flecainide, he has gotten sluggish. He is employed as an attorney and while he states that overall his mental stress is better, he has noted more recent mental stress this past weekend when he was taking his daughter back to college.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , He denies any history of stroke, cancer, vomiting of blood, coughing up blood, bright red blood per rectum, bleeding stomach ulcers, renal calculi. There are some questions especially as his wife has told me that he may have obstructive sleep apnea and not had a formal sleep study.,PHYSICAL EXAM: , Blood pressure 156/93, pulse is 100, respiratory rate 18. On general exam, he is a pleasant overweight gentleman, in no acute distress. HEENT: Shows cranium is normocephalic and atraumatic. He has moist mucosal membranes. Neck veins are not distended. There are no carotid bruits. Visible skin warm and perfused. Affect appropriate. He is quite oriented and pleasant. No significant kyphoscoliosis on recumbent back exam. Lungs are clear to auscultation anteriorly. No wheezes. No egophony. Cardiac Exam: S1, S2. Regular rate, controlled. No significant murmurs, rubs or gallops. PMI is nondisplaced. Abdomen is soft, nondistended, appears benign. Extremities without significant edema. Pulses grossly intact.,DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES/LAB DATA:, Initial ECG shows atrial flutter.,IMPRESSION: , Mr. A is a 50-year-old gentleman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the past, more recently is having breakthrough atrial flutter despite flecainide and we had performed a transesophageal echocardiogram-guided cardioversion for him in late 12/20/09, who now has another recurrence within the past 41 hours or so. I have reviewed again with him in detail regarding risks, benefits, and alternatives of proceeding with cardioversion, which the patient is in favor of. After in depth explanation of the procedure with him that there would be more definitive resumption of normal sinus rhythm by using electrocardioversion with less long-term side effects, past the acute procedure, alternatives being continued atrial flutter with potential for electrophysiologic consultation for ablation and/or heart rate control with anticoagulation, which the patient was not interested nor was I primarily recommending as the next step, and risks including, but not limited to and the patient was aware and this was all done in the presence of his wife that this is not an all-inclusive list, but the risks include but not limited to oversedation from conscious sedation, risk of aspiration pneumonia from regurgitation of stomach contents, which would be less likely as I did confirm with the patient that he had been n.p.o. for greater than 15 hours, risk of induction of other arrhythmias including tachyarrhythmias requiring further management including cardioversion or risk of bradyarrhythmias, in the past when we had a cardioverter with 150 joules, he did have a 5.5-second pause especially while he is on antiarrhythmic therapy, statistically less significant risk of CVA, although we cannot really make that null. The patient expressed understanding of this risk, benefit, and alternative analysis. I invited questions from him and his wife and once their questions were answered to their self-stated satisfaction, we planned to go forward with the procedure.,PROCEDURE NOTE: ,The patient received a total of 7 mg of Versed and 50 micrograms of fentanyl utilizing titrate-down sedation with good effect and this was after the appropriate time-out procedure had been done as per the Medical Center universal protocol with appropriate identification of the patient, position, procedure documentation, procedure indication, and there were no questions. The patient did actively participate in this time-out procedure. After the universal protocol was done, he then received the cardioversion attempt with 50 joules using \"lollipop posterior patch\" with hands-driven paddle on the side, which was 50 joules of synchronized biphasic energy. There was successful resumption of normal sinus rhythm, in fact this time there was not a significant pause as compared to when he had this done previously in late 12/09 and this sinus rhythm was confirmed by a 12-lead EKG.,IMPRESSION: , Cardioversion shows successful resumption of normal sinus rhythm from atrial flutter and that is while the patient has been maintained on Coumadin and his INR is 3.22. We are going to watch him and discharge him from the Medical Center area on his current flecainide of 200 mg in the morning and 100 mg in the evening, atenolol 25 mg once a day, Coumadin _____ as currently being diagnosed. I had previously discussed with the patient and he was agreeable with meeting with his electrophysiologist again, Dr. X, at Electrophysiology Unit at General Hospital and I will be planning to place a call for Dr. X myself. Again, he has no ischemia on this most recent stress test and I suppose in the future it may be reasonable to get obstructive sleep apnea evaluation and that may be one issue promulgating his symptoms.,I had previously discussed the case with Dr. Y who is the patient's general cardiologist as well as updated his wife at the patient's bedside regarding our findings." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 7310 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Open calcaneus fracture on the right.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Open calcaneus fracture on the right.,PROCEDURES:, ,1. Irrigation and debridement of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and bone associated with an open fracture.,2. Placement of antibiotic-impregnated beads.,ANESTHESIA:, General.,BLOOD LOSS:, Minimal.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,FINDINGS:, Healing skin with no gross purulence identified, some fibrinous material around the beads.,SUMMARY:, After informed consent was obtained and verified, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed supine on the operating table. After uneventful general anesthesia was obtained, her right leg was sterilely prepped and draped in a normal fashion. The tourniquet was inflated and the previous wound was opened. Dr. X came in to look at the wound and the beads were removed, all 25 beads were extracted, and pulsatile lavage, and curette, etc., were used to debride the wound. The wound margins were healthy with the exception of very central triangular incision area. The edges were debrided and then 19 antibiotic-impregnated beads with gentamicin and tobramycin were inserted and the wound was further closed today.,The skin edges were approximated under minimal tension. The soft dressing was placed. An Ace was placed. She was awakened from the anesthesia and taken to recovery room in a stable condition. Final needle, instrument, and sponge counts were correct." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1469 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURE NOTE:, The patient was placed in a prone position. The neck was sterilely prepped using a cervical prep set. A lidocaine skin wheal was raised over the C5-6 interspace. A 20-gauge Tuohy needle was used. Loss of resistance was obtained using hanging drop technique. This was followed by 2 mL of radiograph contrast material which showed spread of the dye into the epidural space. A total of 5 mL containing 4 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and 80 mg of methylprednisolone acetate were then infiltrated. Following the infiltration, the patient noted warming of his arms and dramatic improvement of his symptoms. He was observed for 30 minutes and discharged home in good condition. There were no apparent complications to the procedure." }

[ { "label": " Pain Management", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 747 }

{ "text": "The patient was told that the injection may cause more pain for two to three days afterwards and if this occurred they would best be served by icing the area 15-20 minutes every 6 hours. The patient was advised to protect the knee by limiting repetitive bending, squatting , kneeling and excessive heavy use for a week. Also, they were asked to follow up in two weeks p.r.n." }

[ { "label": " Pain Management", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 376 }

{ "text": "She also had EMG/nerve conduction studies since she was last seen in our office that showed severe left ulnar neuropathy, moderate right ulnar neuropathy, bilateral mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel and diabetic neuropathy. She was referred to Dr. XYZ and will be seeing him on August 8, 2006.,She was also never referred to the endocrine clinic to deal with her poor diabetes control. Her last hemoglobin A1c was 10.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Diabetes, hypertension, elevated lipids, status post CVA, and diabetic retinopathy.,MEDICATIONS: , Glyburide, Avandia, metformin, lisinopril, Lipitor, aspirin, metoprolol and Zonegran.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, Blood pressure was 140/70, heart rate was 76, respiratory rate was 18, and weight was 226 pounds. On general exam she has an area of tenderness on palpation in the left parietal region of her scalp. Neurological exam is detailed on our H&P form. Her neurological exam is within normal limits.,IMPRESSION AND PLAN:, For her headaches we are going to titrate Zonegran up to 200 mg q.h.s. to try to maximize the Zonegran therapy. If this is not effective, when she comes back on August 7, 2006 we will then consider other anticonvulsants such as Neurontin or Lyrica. We also discussed with Ms. Hawkins the possibility of nerve block injection; however, at this point she is not interested.,She will be seeing Dr. XYZ for her neuropathies.,We made an appointment in endocrine clinic today for a counseling in terms of better diabetes control and she is responsible for trying to get her referral from her primary care physician to go for this consult." }

[ { "label": " Neurology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1603 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:, OM, chronic, serous, simple or unspecified. Adenoid hyperplasia. Hypertrophy of tonsils.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Same as preoperative diagnosis.,OPERATION: , Bilateral myringotomies with Armstrong grommet tubes, Adenoidectomy, and Tonsillectomy.,ANESTHESIA:, General.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,DRAINS: , None.,CONSENT:, The procedure, benefits, and risks were discussed in detail preoperatively. The parentsagreed to proceed after all questions were answered.,TECHNIQUE: , The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position. After general mask anesthesia was adequately obtained, the right external auditory canal was cleaned out under the microscope. Serous fluid was aspirated from the middle ear space. An Armstrong grommet tube was placed down through the incision and rotated into place. The opposite ear was then cleaned out under the microscope. Serous fluid was aspirated from the middle ear space. An Armstrong grommet tube was placed down through the incision and rotated into place. Cortisporin suspension was placed in both ear canals.,Then the patient was intubated. A Crowe-Davis mouth gag was placed into the mouth and extended and hung on the Mayo stand. The red rubber catheter was placed down through the nose and brought out through the mouth to retract the palate. The adenoid fossa was visualized with the mirror. The adenoids were removed using the microdebrider. Two adenoid packs were placed. The packs were removed one by one. Using mirror and suction bovie, adequate hemostasis was achieved.,The tonsils were quite large and cryptic. The tenaculum was placed on the superior pole of the right tonsil. Cheesy material came out from the crypts. The tonsils were retracted medially. The bovie electrocautery was used to make an incision in the right anterior tonsillar pillar, and the plane was developed between the tonsil and the musculature. The tonsil was completely dissected out of this plane, preserving both the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars. All bleeders were cauterized as they were encountered. The tenaculum was then placed on the superior pole of the left tonsil. Cheesy material came out from the crypts. The tonsils were retracted medially. The bovie electrocautery was used to make an incision in the left anterior tonsillar pillar, and the plane was developed between the tonsil and the musculature. The tonsil was completely dissected out of this plane, preserving both the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars. All bleeders were cauterized as they were encountered. Both tonsil beds were then re-cauterized, paying particular attention to the inferior and superior poles.,The stomach was evacuated with the nasogastric tube. The patient was then awakened in the operating room, extubated and taken to the recovery room in satisfactory condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2923 }

{ "text": "EXAM: , CT stone protocol.,REASON FOR EXAM:, History of stones, rule out stones.,TECHNIQUE: , Noncontrast CT abdomen and pelvis per renal stone protocol.,FINDINGS: , Correlation is made with a prior examination dated 01/20/09.,Again identified are small intrarenal stones bilaterally. These are unchanged. There is no hydronephrosis or significant ureteral dilatation. There is no stone along the expected course of the ureters or within the bladder. There is a calcification in the low left pelvis not in line with ureter, this finding is stable and is compatible with a phlebolith. There is no asymmetric renal enlargement or perinephric stranding.,The appendix is normal. There is no evidence of a pericolonic inflammatory process or small bowel obstruction.,Scans through the pelvis disclose no free fluid or adenopathy.,Lung bases aside from very mild dependent atelectasis appear clear.,Given the lack of contrast, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and the pancreas are grossly unremarkable. The gallbladder is present. There is no abdominal free fluid or pathologic adenopathy.,IMPRESSION:,1. Bilateral intrarenal stones, no obstruction.,2. Normal appendix." }

[ { "label": " Nephrology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1170 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.,TITLE OF PROCEDURE,1. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.,2. Intraoperative cholangiogram.,ANESTHESIA: ,General.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The patient was taken to the operative suite and placed in the supine position under general endotracheal anesthetic. The patient received 1 gm of IV Ancef intravenously piggyback. The abdomen was prepared and draped in routine sterile fashion.,A 1-cm incision was made at the umbilicus and a Veress needle was inserted. Saline test was performed. Satisfactory pneumoperitoneum was achieved by insufflation of CO2 to a pressure of 14 mmHg. The Veress needle was removed. A 10- to 11-mm cannula was inserted. Inspection of the peritoneal cavity revealed a gallbladder that was soft and without adhesions to it. It was largely mobile. The liver had a normal appearance as did the peritoneal cavity. A 5-mm cannula was inserted in the right upper quadrant anterior axillary line. A second 5-mm cannula was inserted in the subcostal space. A 10- to 11-mm cannula was inserted into the upper midline.,The gallbladder was reflected in a cephalad direction. The gallbladder was punctured with the aspirating needle, and under C-arm fluoroscopy was filled with contrast, filling the intra- and extrahepatic biliary trees, which appeared normal. Extra contrast was aspirated and the aspirating needle was removed. The ampulla was grasped with a second grasper, opening the triangle of Calot. The cystic duct was dissected and exposed at its junction with the ampulla, was controlled with a hemoclip, digitally controlled with two clips and divided. This was done while the common duct was in full visualization. The cystic artery was similarly controlled and divided. The gallbladder was dissected from its bed and separated from the liver, brought to the outside through the upper midline cannula and removed.,The subhepatic and subphrenic spaces were irrigated thoroughly with saline solution. There was oozing and bleeding from the lateral 5-mm cannula site, but this stopped spontaneously with removal of the cannula. The subphrenic and subhepatic spaces were again irrigated thoroughly with saline until clear. Hemostasis was excellent. CO2 was evacuated and the camera removed. The umbilical fascia was closed with 2-0 Vicryl, the subcu with 3-0 Vicryl, and the skin was closed with 4-0 nylon. Sterile dressings were applied. Sponge and needle counts were correct." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2541 }

{ "text": "OPERATIONS,1. Mitral valve repair using a quadrangular resection of the P2 segment of the posterior leaflet.,2. Mitral valve posterior annuloplasty using a Cosgrove Galloway Medtronic fuser band.,3. Posterior leaflet abscess resection.,ANESTHESIA: ,General endotracheal anesthesia,TIMES: ,Aortic cross-clamp time was ** minutes. Cardiopulmonary bypass time total was ** minutes.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , After obtaining informed consent from the patient, including a thorough explanation of the risks and benefits of the aforementioned procedure, the patient was taken to the operating room and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered. Next, the patient's chest and legs were prepped and draped in standard surgical fashion. A #10-blade scalpel was used to make a midline median sternotomy incision. Dissection was carried down to the level of the sternum using Bovie electrocautery. The sternum was opened with a sternal saw, and full-dose heparinization was given. Next, the chest retractor was positioned. The pericardium was opened with Bovie electrocautery and pericardial stay sutures were positioned. We then prepared to place the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. A 2-0 Ethibond double pursestring was placed in the ascending aorta. Through this was passed our aortic cannula and connected to the arterial side of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine. Next, double cannulation with venous cannulas was instituted. A 3-0 Prolene pursestring was placed in the right atrial appendage. Through this was passed our SEC cannula. This was connected to the venous portion of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine in a Y-shaped circuit. Next, a 3-0 Prolene pursestring was placed in the lower border of the right atrium. Through this was passed our inferior vena cava cannula. This was likewise connected to the Y connection of our venous cannula portion. We then used a 4-0 U-stitch in the right atrium for our retrograde cardioplegia catheter, which was inserted. Cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted. Metzenbaum scissors were used to dissect out the SVC and IVC, which were subsequently encircled with umbilical tape. Sondergaard's groove was taken down. Next, an antegrade cardioplegia needle and associated sump were placed in the ascending aorta. This was connected appropriately as was the retrograde cardioplegia catheter. Next, the aorta was cross-clamped, and antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia was infused so as to arrest the heart in diastole. Next a #15-blade scalpel was used to open the left atrium. The left atrium was decompressed with pump sucker. Next, our self-retaining retractor was positioned so as to bring the mitral valve up into view. Of note was the fact that the mitral valve P2 segment of the posterior leaflet had an abscess associated with it. The borders of the P2 segment abscess were defined by using a right angle to define the chordae which were encircled with a 4-0 silk. After doing so, the P2 segment of the posterior leaflet was excised with a #11-blade scalpel. Given the laxity of the posterior leaflet, it was decided to reconstruct it with a 2-0 Ethibond pledgeted suture. This was done so as to reconstruct the posterior annular portion. Prior to doing so, care was taken to remove any debris and abscess-type material. The pledgeted stitch was lowered into place and tied. Next, the more anterior portion of the P2 segment was reconstructed by running a 4-0 Prolene stitch so as to reconstruct it. This was done without difficulty. The apposition of the anterior and posterior leaflet was confirmed by infusing solution into the left ventricle. There was noted to be a small amount of central regurgitation. It was felt that this would be corrected with our annuloplasty portion of the procedure. Next, 2-0 non-pledgeted Ethibond sutures were placed in the posterior portion of the annulus from trigone to trigone in interrupted fashion. Care was taken to go from trigone to trigone. Prior to placing these sutures, the annulus was sized and noted to be a *** size for the Cosgrove-Galloway suture band ring from Medtronic. After, as mentioned, we placed our interrupted sutures in the annulus, and they were passed through the CG suture band. The suture band was lowered into position and tied in place. We then tested our repair and noted that there was very mild regurgitation. We subsequently removed our self-retaining retractor. We closed our left atriotomy using 4-0 Prolene in a running fashion. This was done without difficulty. We de-aired the heart. We then gave another round of antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia in warm fashion. The aortic cross-clamp was removed, and the heart gradually resumed electromechanical activity. We then removed our retrograde cardioplegia catheter from the coronary sinus and buttressed this site with a 5-0 Prolene. We placed 2 ventricular and 2 atrial pacing leads which were brought out through the skin. The patient was gradually weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass and our venous cannulas were removed. We then gave full-dose protamine; and after noting that there was no evidence of a protamine reaction, we removed our aortic cannula. This site was buttressed with a 4-0 Prolene on an SH needle. The patient tolerated the procedure well. We placed a mediastinal #32-French chest tube as well as a right chest Blake drain. The mediastinum was inspected for any signs of bleeding. There were none. We closed the sternum with #7 sternal wires in interrupted figure-of-eight fashion. The fascia was closed with a #1 Vicryl followed by a 2-0 Vicryl, followed by 3-0 Vicryl in a running subcuticular fashion. The instrument and sponge count was correct at the end of the case. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to the intensive care unit in good condition." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5851 }

{ "text": "FINAL DIAGNOSIS/REASON FOR ADMISSION:,1. Acute right lobar pneumonia.,2. Hypoxemia and hypotension secondary to acute right lobar pneumonia.,3. Electrolyte abnormality with hyponatremia and hypokalemia - corrected.,4. Elevated liver function tests, etiology undetermined.,5. The patient has a history of moderate-to-severe dementia, Alzheimer's type.,6. Anemia secondary to current illness and possible iron deficiency.,7. Darkened mole on the scalp, status post skin biopsy, pending pathology report.,OPERATION AND PROCEDURE: , The patient underwent a scalp skin biopsy with pathology specimen obtained on 6/11/2009. Dr. X performed the procedure, thoracentesis on 6/12/2009 both diagnostic and therapeutic. Dr. Y's results pending.,DISPOSITION: , The patient discharged to long-term acute facility under the care of Dr. Z.,CONDITION ON DISCHARGE: , Clinically improved, however, requiring acute care.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: ,Include those on admission combined with IV Flagyl 500 mg every 8 hours and Levaquin 500 mg daily.,HOSPITAL SUMMARY: , This is one of several admissions for this 68-year-old female who over the initial 48 hours preceding admission had a complaint of low-grade fever, confusion, dizziness, and a nonproductive cough. Her symptoms progressed and she presented to the emergency room at Brighton Gardens where a chest x-ray revealed evolving right lobar infiltrate. She was started on antibiotics. Infectious Disease was consulted. She was initially begun on vancomycin. Blood, sputum, and urine cultures were obtained; the results of which were negative for infection. She was switched to IV Levaquin and received IV Flagyl for possible C. diff colitis as well as possible cholecystitis. During her hospital stay, she initially was extremely relatively hypotensive with mild symptoms and she became dizzy with upright positioning. Her systolic blood pressure was 60-70 mmHg despite rather aggressive IV fluid management up to 250 mL an hour. She was seen in consultation by Dr. Y who monitored her fluid and pulmonary treatment. Due to some elevated liver function tests, she was seen in consultation by Dr. X. An ultrasound was negative; however, she did undergo CT scan of the chest and abdomen and there was a suspicion of fluid circling the gallbladder. A HIDA scan was performed and revealed no evidence of gallbladder dysfunction. Liver functions were monitored throughout her stay and while elevated, did reduce to approximately 1.5 times normal value. She also was seen in consultation by Infectious Disease who followed her for several days and agreed with current management of antibiotics. Over her week-stay, the patient was moderately hypoxemic with room air pulse oximetry of 90%. She was placed on incentive spirometry and over the succeeding days, she did have improved pulmonary function.,LABORATORY TESTS: , Initially revealed a white count of 13,000, however, approximately 24 hours following admission her white count stabilized and in fact remained normal throughout her stay. Blood cultures were negative at 5 days. Sputum culture was negative. Urine culture was negative and thoracentesis culture negative at 24 hours. The patient did receive 2 units of packed red cells with the hemoglobin drop to 9 for cardiovascular support, as no evidence of GI bleeding was obtained. Her most recent blood work on 6/14/2009 revealed a white count of 7000 and hemoglobin of 12.1 with a hematocrit of 36.8. Her PT and PTT were normal. Occult blood studies were negative for occult blood. Hepatitis B antigen was negative. Hepatitis A antibody IgM was negative. Hepatitis B core IgM negative, and hepatitis C core antibody was negative. At the time of discharge on 6/14/2009, sodium was 135, potassium was 3.7, calcium was 8.0, her ALT was 109, AST was 70, direct bilirubin was 0.2, LDH was 219, serum iron was 7, total iron unbound 183, and ferritin level was 267.,At the time of discharge, the patient had improved. She complained of some back discomfort and lumbosacral back x-ray did reveal some evidence of mild degenerative disk disease with no obvious compression fracture acute noted and she will be followed by Dr. Z." }

[ { "label": " Discharge Summary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4195 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , T12 compression fracture with cauda equina syndrome and spinal cord compression.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, T12 compression fracture with cauda equina syndrome and spinal cord compression.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Decompressive laminectomy at T12 with bilateral facetectomies, decompression of T11 and T12 nerve roots bilaterally with posterolateral fusion supplemented with allograft bone chips and pedicle screws and rods with crosslink Synthes Click'X System using 6.5 mm diameter x 40 mm length T11 screws and L1 screws, 7 mm diameter x 45 mm length.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, 400 mL, replaced 2 units of packed cells.,Preoperative hemoglobin was less than 10.,DRAINS:, None.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , With the patient prepped and draped in a routine fashion in the prone position on laminae support, an x-ray was taken and demonstrated a needle at the T12-L1 interspace. An incision was made over the posterior spinous process of T10, T11, T12, L1, and L2. A Weitlaner retractor was placed and cutting Bovie current was used to incise the fascia overlying the dorsal spinous process of T10, T11, T12, L1, and L2. An additional muscular ligamentous attachment was dissected free bilaterally with cutting Bovie current osteotome and Cobb elevator. The cerebellar retractors were placed in the wound and obvious deformation of the lamina particularly on the left side at T12 was apparent. Initially, on the patient's left side, pedicle screws were placed in T11 and L1. The inferior articular facet was removed at T11 and an awl placed at the proximal location of the pedicle. Placement confirmed with biplanar coaxial fluoroscopy. The awl was in appropriate location and using a pedicle finder under fluoroscopic control, the pedicle was probed to the mid portion of the body of T11. A 40-mm Click'X screw, 6.5 mm diameter with rod holder was then threaded into the T11 vertebral body.,Attention was next turned to the L1 level on the left side and the junction of the transverse processes with the superior articular facet and intra-articular process was located using an AM-8 dissecting tool, AM attachment to the Midas Rex instrumentation. The area was decorticated, an awl was placed, and under fluoroscopic biplanar imaging noted to be at the pedicle in L1. Using a pedicle probe, the pedicle was then probed to the mid body of L1 and a 7-mm diameter 45-mm in length Click'X Synthes screw with rod holder was placed in the L1 vertebral body.,At this point, an elongated rod was placed on the left side for purposes of distraction should it be felt necessary in view of the MRI findings of significant compression on the patient's ventral canal on the right side. Attention was next turned to the right side and it should be noted that the dissection above was carried out with operating room microscope and at this point, the intraspinous process ligament superior to the posterior spinous process at T12 was noted be completely disrupted on a traumatic basis. The anteroposterior spinous process ligament superior to the T12 was incised with cutting Bovie current and the posterior spinous process at T12 removed with a Leksell rongeur. It was necessary to remove portion of the posterior spinous process at T11 for a full visualization of the involved laminar fractures at T12.,At this point, a laminectomy was performed using 45-degree Kerrison rongeur, both 2 mm and 4 mm, and Leksell rongeur. There was an epidural hematoma encountered to the midline and left side at the mid portion of the T12 laminectomy and this was extending superiorly to the T11-T12 interlaminar space. Additionally, there was marked instability of the facets bilaterally at T12 and L1. These facets were removed with 45-degree Kerrison rongeur and Leksell rongeur. Bony compression both superiorly and laterally from fractured bony elements was removed with 45-degree Kerrison rongeur until the thecal sac was completely decompressed. The exiting nerve roots at T11 and T12 were visualized and followed with Frazier dissectors, and these nerve roots were noted to be completely free. Hemostasis was controlled with bipolar coagulation.,At this point, a Frazier dissector could be passed superiorly, inferiorly, medially, and laterally to the T11-T12 nerve roots bilaterally, and the thecal sac was noted to be decompressed both superiorly and inferiorly, and noted to be quite pulsatile. A #4 Penfield was then used to probe the floor of the spinal canal, and no significant ventral compression remained on the thecal sac. Copious antibiotic irrigation was used and at this point on the patient's right side, pedicle screws were placed at T11 and L1 using the technique described for a left-sided pedicle screw placement. The anatomic landmarks being the transverse process at T11, the inferior articulating facet, and the lateral aspect of the superior articular facet for T11 and at L1, the transverse process, the junction of the intra-articular process and the facet joint.,With the screws placed on the left side, the elongated rod was removed from the patient's right side along with the locking caps, which had been placed. It was felt that distraction was not necessary. A 75-mm rod could be placed on the patient's left side with reattachment of the locking screw heads with the rod cap locker in place; however, it was necessary to cut a longer rod for the patient's right side with the screws slightly greater distance apart ultimately settling on a 90-mm rod. The locking caps were placed on the right side and after all 4 locking caps were placed, the locking cap screws were tied to the cold weld. Fluoroscopic examination demonstrated no evidence of asymmetry at the intervertebral space at T11-T12 or T12-L1 with excellent positioning of the rods and screws. A crosslink approximately 60 mm in width was then placed between the right and left rods, and all 4 screws were tightened.,It should be noted that prior to the placement of the rods, the patient's autologous bone, which had been removed during laminectomy portion of the procedure and cleansed off soft tissue and morcellated was packed in the posterolateral space after decortication had been effected on the transverse processes at T11, T12, and L1 with AM-8 dissecting tool, AM attachment as well as the lateral aspects of the facet joints. This was done bilaterally prior to placement of the rods.,Following placement of the rods as noted above, allograft bone chips were packed in addition on top of the patient's own allograft in these posterolateral gutters. Gelfoam was used to cover the thecal sac and at this point, the wound was closed by approximating the deep muscle with 0 Vicryl suture. The fascia was closed with interrupted 0 Vicryl suture, subcutaneous layer was closed with 2-0 Vicryl suture, subcuticular layer was closed with 2-0 inverted interrupted Vicryl suture, and the skin approximated with staples. The patient appeared to tolerate the procedure well without complications." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 7079 }

{ "text": "TITLE OF OPERATION:,1. Diagnostic arthroscopy exam under anesthesia, left shoulder.,2. Debridement of chondral injury, left shoulder.,3. Debridement, superior glenoid, left shoulder.,4. Arthrotomy.,5. Bankart lesion repair.,6. Capsular shift, left shoulder (Mitek suture anchors; absorbable anchors with nonabsorbable sutures).,INDICATION FOR SURGERY: , The patient was seen multiple times preoperatively and found to have chronic instability of her shoulder. Risks and benefits of the procedure had been discussed in length including but not exclusive of infection, nerve or artery damage, stiffness, loss of range of motion, incomplete relief of pain, continued instability, recurrent instability, medical complications, surgical complications, and anesthesia complications. The patient understood and wishes to proceed.,PREOP DIAGNOSIS: , Anterior instability, left shoulder.,POSTOP DIAGNOSES:,1. Anterior instability, left shoulder.,2. Grade 4 chondromalacia, 10% humeral head, chondral defect 1 cm squared, left shoulder.,3. Type 1 superior labrum anterior and posterior lesion, left shoulder.,4. Anteroinferior glenoid erosions 10% bony surface, left shoulder.,5. Bankart lesion, left shoulder.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was placed in a supine position and both shoulders examined systematically. She had full range of motion with no joint adhesions. She had equal range of motion bilaterally. She had Hawkins 2 anteriorly and posteriorly in both shoulders with a grade 1 sulcus sign in both shoulders. This was the same when the arm was in neutral or in external rotation. The patient was then turned to right lateral decubitus position, axillary roll was placed, and beanbag was inflated. Peroneal nerve was well protected. All bony prominences were well protected.,The left upper extremity was then prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The patient was given antibiotics well before the start of the procedure to decrease the risk of infection. The arm was placed in a arm holder with 10 pounds of traction. A posterior portal was created in the usual manner by isolating gently with the spinal needle, it was insufflated with 30 cubic centimeters of saline. A small incision was made after infiltrating the skin with Marcaine and epinephrine. The scope was introduced into the shoulder with no difficulty. It was then examined systematically. The patient did have diffuse synovitis throughout her shoulder. Her posterior humeral head showed an enlarged bold spot with some other areas of chondromalacia on the posterior head. She also had an area 1 cm in diameter, which was on more central portion of the head and more inferiorly which appeared to be more of an impaction-type injury. This had some portions of fibrillated and loose cartilage, hanging from the edges. These were later debrided, but the dissection was proximally 10 to 15% of the humeral surface.,The biceps tendon appeared to be normal. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus tendons were normal. The inferior pouch was normal with no capsular tearing and no HAGL lesions. The posteroinferior labrum was normal as well as the posterosuperior labrum. There was some fraying in the posterosuperior labrum, which was later debrided. It was found essentially to be a type 1 lesion anteriorly and superiorly. The anterosuperior labrum appeared to be detached, which appeared to be more consistent with a sublabral hole. The middle glenohumeral ligament was present as an entire sheath, but attach to the labrum. The labrum did appeared to be detached from the anterior glenoid from the 11 o'clock position all the way down to the 6 o'clock position. The biceps anchor itself was later probed and found to be stable and normal. The subscapularis tendon was normal. The anterior band of the glenohumeral ligament was present, but it was clearly avulsed off the glenoid. There was some suggestion of anteroinferior bony erosions, which was later substantiated when the shoulder was opened. The patient was missing about 10 to 15% of her anteroinferior glenoid rim. The patient had a positive drive-through sign.,The arm was then moved to lateral and placed through range of motion. There was contact of the rotator cuff to the superior glenoid in flexion at 115 degrees, maximum flexion was 150 degrees. The arm abducted and externally rotated. There was contact to the rotator cuff with posterosuperior labrum. This occurred with the arm position of 90 degrees with abduction at 55 degrees of external rotation. It should be noted that the maximum abduction is 150 degrees and with the arm abducted 90 degrees, maximum external rotation was 95 degrees. The patient did have a positive relocation maneuver. The posterior labrum did appear to tilt-off, but did not appear to peel off.,The arm was then placed back in the arm holder. Anterior portal was created with Wissinger rod. A blue cannula was inserted into the shoulder without difficulty. Shaver was introduced in the labrum. Also the area of chondromalacia as mentioned above was debrided. The labrum was found to be stable with only a type 1 SLAP lesion, and there was no evidence as there was really a type 2 SLAP lesion. The instruments were then removed along with excess fluid. The posterior portals were closed with single 4-0 nylon suture. The anterior portal was left open. The patient was then placed in a supine position, and the extremity was reprepped and draped in anticipation of performing open capsular shift.,The patient's anterior incision made just lateral to the coracoid in the skin line. Mediolateral skin flaps were developed, and cephalic vein was identified and protected throughout the case. The interval was developed down the clavipectoral fascia. The conjoined tendon was retracted medially and the deltoid laterally. The patient's subscapularis was intact, and the subscapularis split was then made between the upper one half and lower one half in line with muscle fibers. The capsule could easily be detached from the muscle, and the interval developed very easily. A retractor was placed inferiorly to protect the axillary nerve. Then Gelpi retractor was used to hold the subscapularis split open.,Next, an arthrotomy was made down at the 9 o'clock position. The labrum was identified and found to be attached all the way down to 6 o'clock position. The inferior flap was then created in a usual manner and tied with a 0 Vicryl suture. The patient's glenoid rim did have some erosion as mentioned above with some bone loss and flattening. This was debrided with the soft tissue. Three Mitek suture anchors were then placed into the glenoid rim right at the margin of articular cartilage to the scapular neck. These were absorbable anchors with nonabsorbable sutures. They had excellent fixation once they had been placed.,Next, the capsular shift and Bankart repair were performed in the usual manner with the number 2 Ti-Cron sutures as an outside in and then inside out technique. This brought the capsule right up to the edge of the glenoid rim. With the arm in internal rotation and posterior pressure on the head, the capsule was then secured to the rim with no difficulty under direct visualization. The capsule did come right up into the joint as expected with this type of repair. The superior flap was then closed, the inferior flap over the superior anchor. The interval between two flaps was closed with multiple number 2 Ti-Cron sutures. Once this has been completed, there was no tension on the repair with the arm to side until 10 degrees of external rotation was reached. The arm abducted 90 degrees. There was tension on the repair until 20 degrees of external rotation reached.,The wound was thoroughly irrigated throughout with antibiotic-impregnated irrigation. The subscapularis split was closed with interrupted 0 Vicryl sutures. The deep subcutaneous tissues were closed with interrupted 0 Vicryl sutures. The superficial subcutaneous tissues were closed with number 2-0 Vicryl sutures. The skin was closed with 4-0 subcuticular Prolene, reinforced with Steri-Strips. A sterile bandage was applied along with a cold therapy device and a shoulder immobilizer. The patient was sent to the recovery room in stable and satisfactory condition." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 8313 }

{ "text": "HISTORY:, The patient is a 51-year-old female that was seen in consultation at the request of Dr. X on 06/04/2008 regarding chronic nasal congestion, difficulty with swallowing, and hearing loss. The patient reports that she has been having history of recurrent sinus infection, averages about three times per year. During the time that she gets the sinus infections, she has nasal congestion, nasal drainage, and also generally develops an ear infection as well. The patient does note that she has been having hearing loss. This is particular prominent in the right ear now for the past three to four years. She does note popping after blowing the nose. Occasionally, the hearing will improve and then it plugs back up again. She seems to be plugged within the nasal passage, more on the right side than the left and this seems to be year round issue with her. She tried Flonase nasal spray to see if this help with this and has been taking it, but has not seen a dramatic improvement. She has had a history of swallowing issues and that again secondary to the persistent postnasal drainage. She feels that she is having a hard time swallowing at times as well. She has complained of a lump sensation in the throat that tends to come and go. She denies any cough, no hemoptysis, no weight change. No night sweats, fever or chills has been noted. She is having at this time no complaints of tinnitus or vertigo. The patient presents today for further workup, evaluation, and treatment of the above-listed symptoms.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: ,ALLERGY/IMMUNOLOGIC: History of seasonal allergies. She also has severe allergy to penicillin and bee stings.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Pertinent for hypercholesterolemia.,PULMONARY: She has a history of cough, wheezing.,GASTROINTESTINAL: Negative.,GENITOURINARY: Negative.,NEUROLOGIC: She has had a history of TIAs in the past.,VISUAL: She does have history of vision change, wears glasses.,DERMATOLOGIC: Negative.,ENDOCRINE: Negative.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: History of joint pain and bursitis.,CONSTITUTIONAL: She has a history of chronic fatigue.,ENT: She has had a history of cholesteatoma removal from the right middle ear and previous tympanoplasty with a progressive hearing loss in the right ear over the past few years according to the patient.,PSYCHOLOGIC: History of anxiety, depression.,HEMATOLOGIC: Easy bruising.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , She has had right tympanoplasty in 1984. She has had a left carotid endarterectomy, cholecystectomy, two C sections, hysterectomy, and appendectomy.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Mother, history of vaginal cancer and hypertension. Brother, colon CA. Father, hypertension.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , Aspirin 81 mg daily. She takes vitamins one a day. She is on Zocor, Desyrel, Flonase, and Xanax. She also has been taking Chantix for smoking cessation.,ALLERGIES: , Penicillin causes throat swelling. She also notes the bee sting allergy causes throat and tongue swelling.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is single. She is unemployed at this time. She is a smoker about a pack and a half for 38 years and notes rare alcohol use.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,VITAL SIGNS: Her blood pressure 128/78, temperature is 98.6, pulse 80 and regular.,GENERAL: The patient is an alert, cooperative, well-developed 51-year-old female. She has a normal-sounding voice and good memory.,HEAD & FACE: Inspected with no scars, lesions or masses noted. Sinuses palpated and are normal. Salivary glands also palpated and are normal with no masses noted. The patient also has full facial function.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Heart regular rate and rhythm without murmur.,RESPIRATORY: Lungs auscultated and noted to be clear to auscultation bilaterally with no wheezing or rubs and normal respiratory effort.,EYES: Extraocular muscles were tested and within normal limits.,EARS: Right ear, the external ear is normal. The ear canal is clean and dry. The drum is intact. She has got severe tympanosclerosis of the right tympanic membrane and Weber exam does lateralize to the right ear indicative of a conductive loss. Left ear, the external ear is normal. The ear canal is clean and dry. The drum is intact and mobile with grossly normal hearing. The audiogram does reveal normal hearing in the left ear. She has got a mild conductive loss throughout all frequency ranges in the right ear with excellent discrimination scores noted bilaterally. Tympanograms, there was no adequate seal obtained on the right side. She has a normal type A tympanogram, left side.,NASAL: Reveals a deviated nasal septum to the left, clear drainage, large inferior turbinates, no erythema.,ORAL: Oral cavity is normal with good moisture. Lips, teeth and gums are normal. Evaluation of the oropharynx reveals normal mucosa, normal palates, and posterior oropharynx. Examination of the larynx with a mirror reveals normal epiglottis, false and true vocal cords with good mobility of the cords. The nasopharynx was briefly examined by mirror with normal appearing mucosa, posterior choanae and eustachian tubes.,NECK: The neck was examined with normal appearance. Trachea in the midline. The thyroid was normal, nontender, with no palpable masses or adenopathy noted.,NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves II through XII evaluated and noted to be normal. Patient oriented times 3.,DERMATOLOGIC: Evaluation reveals no masses or lesions. Skin turgor is normal.,PROCEDURE: , Please note a fiberoptic laryngoscopy was also done at today's visit for further evaluation because of the patient's dysphagia and throat symptoms. Findings do reveal moderately deviated nasal septum to the left, large inferior turbinates noted. The nasopharynx does reveal moderate adenoid pad within this midline. It is nonulcerated. The larynx revealed both cords to be normal. She does have mild lingual tonsillar hypertrophy as well.,IMPRESSION: ,1. Persistent dysphagia. I think secondary most likely to the persistent postnasal drainage.,2. Deviated nasal septum.,3. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy.,4. Chronic rhinitis.,5. Conductive hearing loss, right ear with a history of cholesteatoma of the right ear." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 6154 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. Neck pain with bilateral upper extremity radiculopathy.,2. Residual stenosis, C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 with probable instability.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. Neck pain with bilateral upper extremity radiculopathy.,2. Residual stenosis, C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 secondary to facet arthropathy with scar tissue.,3. No evidence of instability.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE PERFORMED,1. Bilateral C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 medial facetectomy and foraminotomy with technical difficulty.,2. Total laminectomy C3, C4, C5, and C6.,3. Excision of scar tissue.,4. Repair of dural tear with Prolene 6-0 and Tisseel.,FLUIDS:, 1500 cc of crystalloid.,URINE OUTPUT: , 200 cc.,DRAINS: , None.,SPECIMENS: , None.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal anesthesia.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, Less than 250 cc.,INDICATIONS FOR THE OPERATION: ,This is the case of a very pleasant 41 year-old Caucasian male well known to me from previous anterior cervical discectomy and posterior decompression. Last surgery consisted of four-level decompression on 08/28/06. The patient continued to complain of posterior neck pain radiating to both trapezius. Review of his MRI revealed the presence of what still appeared to be residual lateral recess stenosis. It also raised the possibility of instability and based on this I recommended decompression and posterolateral spinal instrumention; however, intraoperatively, it appeared like there was no abnormal movement of any of the joint segments; however, there was still residual stenosis since the laminectomy that was done previously was partial. Based on this, I did total decompression by removing the lamina of C3 through C6 and doing bilateral medial facetectomy and foraminotomy at C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 with no spinal instrumentation. Operation and expected outcome risks and benefits were discussed with him prior to the surgery. Risks include but not exclusive of bleeding and infection. Infection can be superficial, but may also extend down to the epidural space, which may require return to the operating room and evacuation of the infection. There is also the risk of bleeding that could be superficial but may also be in the epidural space resulting in compression of spinal cord. This may result in weakness of all four extremities, numbness of all four extremities, and impairment of bowel and bladder function, which will require an urgent return to the operating room and evacuation of the hematoma. There is also the risk of a dural tear with its attendant problems of CSF leak, headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, pseudomeningocele, and dural meningitis. This too may require return to the operating room for evacuation of said pseudomeningocele and repair. The patient understood the risk of the surgery. I told him there is just a 30% chance that there will be no improvement with the surgery; he understands this and agreed to have the procedure performed.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the operating room, awake, alert, not in any form of distress. After smooth induction and intubation, a Foley catheter was inserted. Monitoring leads were also placed by Premier Neurodiagnostics for both SSEP and EMG monitoring. The SSEPs were normal, and the EMGs were silent during the entire case. After completion of the placement of the monitoring leads, the patient was then positioned prone on a Wilson frame with the head supported on a foam facial support. Shave was then carried out over the occipital and suboccipital region. All pressure points were padded. I proceeded to mark the hypertrophic scar for excision. This was initially cleaned with alcohol and prepped with DuraPrep.,After sterile drapes were laid out, incision was made using a scalpel blade #10. Wound edge bleeders were carefully controlled with bipolar coagulation and a hot knife was utilized to excise the hypertrophic scar. Dissection was then carried down to the cervical fascia, and by careful dissection to the scar tissue, the spinous process of C2 was then identified. There was absence of the spinous process of C3, C4, C5, and C6, but partial laminectomy was noted; removal of only 15% of the lamina. With this completed, we proceeded to do a total laminectomy at C3, C4, C5, and C6, which was technically difficult due to the previous surgery. There was also a dural tear on the right C3-C4 space that was exposed and repaired with Prolene 6-0 and later with Tisseel. By careful dissection and the use of a -5 and 3 mm bur, total laminectomy was done as stated with bilateral medial facetectomy and foraminotomy done at C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7. There was significant epidural bleeding, which was carefully coagulated. At two points, I had to pack this with small pieces of Gelfoam. After repair of the dural tear, Valsalva maneuver showed no evidence of any CSF leakage. Area was irrigated with saline and bacitracin and then lined with Tisseel. The wound was then closed in layers with Vicryl 0 simple interrupted sutures to the fascia; Vicryl 2-0 inverted interrupted sutures to the dermis and a running nylon 2-0 continuous vertical mattress stitch. The patient was extubated and transferred to recovery." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5271 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR CONSULTATION: , Atrial fibrillation management.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,The patient is a very pleasant 62-year-old African American female with a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and CVA, referred by Dr. X for evaluation and management of atrial fibrillation. The patient states that on Monday during routine Holt exam, it was detected by Dr. X that her heart was irregular on exam. EKG obtained after that revealed atrial fibrillation, and subsequently the patient was started on Coumadin as well as having Toprol and referred for evaluation. The patient states that for the last 3 years, she has had episodes of her heart racing. It may last for minutes up to most 1 hour, and it will occasionally be related to eating a heavy meal or her caffeine or chocolate intake. Denies dyspnea, diaphoresis, presyncope or syncope with the events, and she has had no episodes of chest pain. They subsequently resolve on their own and do not limit her in anyway. However, she states that for the last several years may be up to 7 years that she can recollect that she has been fatigued, and over the past couple of years, her symptoms have become more severe. She said she can walk no more than 25 feet without becoming tired. She states that she has to rest then her symptoms will go away, but she has been limited from that standpoint. Denies peripheral edema, PND, orthopnea, abdominal pain, swelling, recent fever or chills. She actually today has no complaints, and states that she has been compliant with her medications and has started taking her Coumadin as directed.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Hypertension.,2. Myocardial infarction in 2003.,3. Left heart catheterization at University Hospital.,4. Hypercholesterolemia.,5. Arthritis.,6. CVA in 2002 and in 2003 with right eye blindness.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,1. Left total knee replacement in 2002.,2. Left lower quadrant abscess drainage in 12/07,FAMILY MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for lung and brain cancer. There is no history that she is aware of cardiovascular disease in her family nor has any family member had sudden cardiac death.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , She is retired as a cook in a school cafeteria, where she worked for 34 years. She retired 7 years ago because of low back pain. She used to smoke 2-1/2 packs per day for 32 years, but quit in 1995. Denies alcohol, and denies IV or illicit drug use.,ALLERGIES: , No known drug allergies.,MEDICATIONS:,1. Coumadin 5 mg a day.,2. Toprol-XL 50 mg a day.,3. Aspirin 81 mg a day.,4. Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg a day.,5. Plendil 10 mg daily.,6. Lipitor 40 mg daily.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: ,As above stating that following her stroke, she has right eye blindness, but she does have some minimal vision in her periphery.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS: Blood pressure 138/66, pulse 96, and weight 229 pounds or 104 kg. GENERAL: A well-developed, well-nourished, middle-aged African American female in no acute distress. NECK: Supple. No JVD. No carotid bruits. CARDIOVASCULAR: Irregularly irregular rate and rhythm. Normal S1 and S2. No murmurs, gallops or rubs. LUNGS: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. ABDOMEN: Bowel sounds positive, soft, nontender, and nondistended. No masses. EXTREMITIES: No clubbing, cyanosis or edema. Pulses 2+ bilaterally.,LABORATORY DATA: , EKG today revealed atrial fibrillation with nonspecific lateral T-wave abnormalities and a rate of 94.,IMPRESSION: ,The patient is a very pleasant 62-year-old African American female with atrial fibrillation of unknown duration with symptoms of paroxysmal episodes of palpitations, doing well today.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1. Her rate is suboptimally controlled, we will increase her Toprol-XL to 75 mg per day.,2. We will obtain a transthoracic echocardiogram to evaluate her LV function as well as her valvular function.,3. We will check a thyroid function panel.,4. We will continue Coumadin as directed and to follow up with Dr. X for INR management.,5. Given the patient's history of a stroke in her age and recurrent atrial fibrillation, the patient should be continued on Coumadin indefinitely.,6. Depending upon the results of her transthoracic echocardiogram, the patient may benefit from repeat heart catheterization. We will await results of transthoracic echocardiogram.,7. We will arrange for the patient to wear a Holter monitor to monitor the rate controlled on a 24-hour period. She will then return to the electrophysiology clinic in 1 month for followup visit with Dr. Y.,The patient was seen, discussed, and examined with Dr. Y in electrophysiology." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4621 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Blood-borne pathogen exposure., ,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,The patient is a 54-year-old right-handed male who works as a phlebotomist and respiratory therapist at Hospital. The patient states that he was attempting to do a blood gas. He had his finger of the left hand over the pulse and was inserting a needle using the right hand. He did have a protective clothing including use of gloves at the time of the incident. As he advanced the needle, the patient jerked away, this caused him to pull out of the arm and inadvertently pricked the tip of his index finger. The patient was seen and evaluated at the emergency department at the time of incident and had baseline studies drawn, and has been followed by employee health for his injury. The source patient was tested for signs of disease and was found to be negative for HIV, but was found to be a carrier for hepatitis C. The patient has had periodic screening including a blood tests and returns now for his final exam., ,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: ,The patient prior to today has been very well without any signs or symptoms of viral illness, but yesterday he began to experience symptoms of nausea, had an episode of vomiting last night. Has low appetite. There were no fevers, chills, or malaise. No headache. No congestion or cold. No coughing. He had no sore throat. There was no chest pain or troubled breathing. He did have abdominal symptoms as described above but no abdominal pain. There were no urinary symptoms. No darkening of the skin or eyes. He had no yellowing or darkening of the urine. He had no rash to the skin. There was no local infection at the side of the fingerstick. All other systems were negative., ,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: ,Significant for degenerative disc disease in the back., ,MEDICATIONS: ,Nexium., ,ALLERGIES:, IV contrast., ,CURRENT WORK STATUS:, He continues on full duty work., ,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, The patient was awake and alert. He was seated upright. He did not appear ill or toxic, and was well hydrated. His temperature was 97.2 degrees, pulse was 84, respirations 14 and unlabored, and blood pressure 102/70. HEENT exam, the sclerae were clear. Ocular movements were full and intact. His oropharynx was clear. There was no pharyngeal erythema. No tonsillar enlargement. His neck was supple and nontender. He had no masses. There was no adenopathy in his cervical or axillary chain. Breath sounds were clear and equal without wheeze or rales. Heart tones were regular without murmur or gallop. His abdomen was soft, flat, and nontender. There was no enlargement of the liver or spleen. His extremities were without rash or edema. He had normal gait and balance without ataxia., ,ASSESSMENT: ,The patient presents for evaluation after a contaminated needlestick to the index finger. The source patient was tested and found to be negative for HIV. However, he did test positive for hepatitis C. He was described as a carrier without active disease. The patient has been followed with periodic evaluation including blood testing. He has completed a 3 shot series for hepatitis B and had titers drawn that showed protected antibodies. He also was up-to-date on his immunization including tetanus. The patient has been well during this time except for the onset of a intestinal illness being investigated with some squeakiness and vomiting. He had no other symptoms that were suggestive of acute hepatitis. His abdominal exam was normal. He had no generalized lymphadenopathy and no fever. Blood tests were drawn on 02/07/2005. The results of which were reviewed with the patient. His liver function test was normal at 18. His hepatitis C and HIV, both of which were negative. He had no local signs of infection, and otherwise has been doing well except for his acute intestinal illness as described above., ,IMPRESSION:, Blood-borne pathogen exposure secondary to contaminated needlestick., ,PLAN: ,The patient is now six months out from his injury. He had negative lab studies. There were no physical findings that were suggestive of disease transmission. He was counseled on ways to prevent exposure in the future including use of protective gear including gloves, which he states that he always does. He was counseled that ways to prevent transmission or exposure to intimate contacts., ,WORK STATUS:, He was released to regular work., ,CONDITION: ,He was reassured that no signs of disease transmission had occurred as result of his injury. He therefore was found to be medically stationary without signs of impairment of today's date." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4551 }

{ "text": "HISTORY: , The patient is a 15-year-old female who was seen in consultation at the request of Dr. X on 05/15/2008 regarding enlarged tonsils. The patient has been having difficult time with having two to three bouts of tonsillitis this year. She does average about four bouts of tonsillitis per year for the past several years. She notes that throat pain and fever with the actual infections. She is having no difficulty with swallowing. She does have loud snoring, though there have been no witnessed observed sleep apnea episodes. She is a mouth breather at nighttime, however. The patient does feel that she has a cold at today's visit. She has had tonsil problems again for many years. She does note a history of intermittent hoarseness as well. This is particularly prominent with the current cold that she has had. She had been seen by Dr. Y in Muskegon who had also recommended a tonsillectomy, but she reports she would like to get the surgery done here in the Ludington area as this is much closer to home. For the two tonsillitis, she is on antibiotics again on an average about four times per year. They do seem to help with the infections, but they tend to continue to recur. The patient presents today for further workup, evaluation, and treatment of the above-listed symptoms.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,ALLERGY/IMMUNOLOGIC: Negative.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Negative.,PULMONARY: Negative.,GASTROINTESTINAL: Negative.,GENITOURINARY: Negative.,NEUROLOGIC: Negative.,VISUAL: Negative.,DERMATOLOGIC: Negative.,ENDOCRINE: Negative.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: Negative.,CONSTITUTIONAL: Negative.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Pertinent for previous cholecystectomy.,FAMILY HISTORY:, No family history of bleeding disorder. She does have a sister with a current ear infection. There is a family history of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , None.,ALLERGIES: , She has no known drug allergies.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is single. She is a student. Denies tobacco or alcohol use.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,VITAL SIGNS: Pulse is 80 and regular, temperature 98.4, weight is 184 pounds.,GENERAL: The patient is an alert, cooperative, obese, 15-year-old female, with a normal-sounding voice and good memory.,HEAD & FACE: Inspected with no scars, lesions or masses noted. Sinuses palpated and are normal. Salivary glands also palpated and are normal with no masses noted. The patient also has full facial function.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Heart regular rate and rhythm without murmur.,RESPIRATORY: Lungs auscultated and noted to be clear to auscultation bilaterally with no wheezing or rubs and normal respiratory effort.,EYES: Extraocular muscles were tested and within normal limits.,EARS: The external ears are normal. The ear canals are clean and dry. The drums are intact and mobile. Hearing is grossly normal. Tuning fork examination with normal speech reception thresholds noted.,NASAL: She has clear drainage, large inferior turbinates, no erythema.,ORAL: Her tongue, lip, floor of mouth are noted to be normal. Oropharynx does reveal very large tonsils measuring 3+/4+; they were exophytic. Mirror examination of the larynx reveals some mild edema of the larynx at this time. The nasopharynx could not be visualized on mirror exam today.,NECK: Obese, supple. Trachea is midline. Thyroid is nonpalpable.,NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves II through XII evaluated and noted to be normal. Patient oriented times 3.,DERMATOLOGIC: Evaluation reveals no masses or lesions. Skin turgor is normal.,IMPRESSION: , ,1. Chronic adenotonsillitis with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.,2. Upper respiratory tract infection with mild acute laryngitis.,3. Obesity.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , We are going to go ahead and proceed with an adenotonsillectomy. All risks, benefits, and alternatives regarding the surgery have been reviewed in detail with the patient and her family. This includes risk of bleeding, infection, scarring, regrowth of the adenotonsillar tissue, need for further surgery, persistent sore throat, voice changes, etc. The parents are agreeable to the planned procedure, and we will schedule this accordingly at Memorial Medical Center here within the next few weeks. We will make further recommendations afterwards." }

[ { "label": " ENT - Otolaryngology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4276 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Herniated nucleus pulposus C5-C6.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Herniated nucleus pulposus C5-C6.,PROCEDURE:, Anterior cervical discectomy fusion C5-C6 followed by instrumentation C5-C6 with titanium dynamic plating system, Aesculap. Operating microscope was used for both illumination and magnification.,FIRST ASSISTANT: , Nurse practitioner.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was placed in supine position. The neck was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for anterior discectomy and fusion. An incision was made midline to the anterior body of the sternocleidomastoid at C5-C6 level. The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and platysma muscle was divided exposing the carotid sheath, which was retracted laterally. Trachea and esophagus were retracted medially. After placing the self-retaining retractors with the longus colli muscles having been dissected away from the vertebral bodies at C5 and C6 and confirming our position with intraoperative x-rays, we then proceeded with the discectomy.,We then cleaned out the disc at C5-C6 after incising the annulus fibrosis. We cleaned out the disc with a combination of angled and straight pituitary rongeurs and curettes, and the next step was to clean out the disc space totally. With this having been done, we then turned our attention with the operating microscope to the osteophytes. We drilled off the vertebral osteophytes at C5-C6, as well as the uncovertebral osteophytes. This was removed along with the posterior longitudinal ligament. After we had done this, the dural sac was opposed very nicely and both C6 nerve roots were thoroughly decompressed. The next step after the decompression of the thecal sac and both C6 nerve roots was the fusion. We observed that there was a ____________ in the posterior longitudinal ligament. There was a free fragment disc, which had broken through the posterior longitudinal ligament just to the right of midline.,The next step was to obtain the bone from the back bone, using cortical cancellous graft 10 mm in size after we had estimated the size. That was secured into place with distraction being applied on the vertebral bodies using vertebral body distractor.,After we had tapped in the bone plug, we then removed the distraction and the bone plug was fitting nicely.,We then use the Aesculap cervical titanium instrumentation with the 16-mm screws. After securing the C5-C6 disc with four screws and titanium plate, x-rays showed good alignment of the spine, good placement of the bone graft, and after x-rays showed excellent position of the bone graft and instrumentation, we then placed in a Jackson-Pratt drain in the prevertebral space brought out through a separate incision. The wound was closed with 2-0 Vicryl for subcutaneous tissues and skin was closed with Steri-Strips. Blood loss during the operation was less than 10 mL. No complications of the surgery. Needle count, sponge count, and cottonoid count were correct.," }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2980 }

{ "text": "HISTORY: ,We had the pleasure of seeing the patient today in our Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic. He was sent here with a chief complaint of joint pain in several joints for few months. This is a 7-year-old white male who has no history of systemic disease, who until 2 months ago, was doing well and 2 months ago, he started to complain of pain in his fingers, elbows, and neck. At this moment, this is better and is almost gone, but for several months, he was having pain to the point that he would cry at some point. He is not a complainer according to his mom and he is a very active kid. There is no history of previous illness to this or had gastrointestinal problems. He has problems with allergies, especially seasonal allergies and he takes Claritin for it. Other than that, he has not had any other problem. Denies any swelling except for that doctor mentioned swelling on his elbow. There is no history of rash, no stomach pain, no diarrhea, no fevers, no weight loss, no ulcers in his mouth except for canker sores. No lymphadenopathy, no eye problems, and no urinary problems.,MEDICATIONS: , His medications consist only of Motrin only as needed and Claritin currently for seasonal allergies and rhinitis.,ALLERGIES: , He has no allergies to any drugs.,BIRTH HISTORY: ,Pregnancy and delivery with no complications. He has no history of hospitalizations or surgeries.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Positive for arthritis in his grandmother. No history of pediatric arthritis. There is history of psoriasis in his dad.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He lives with mom, dad, brother, sister, and everybody is healthy. They live in Easton. They have 4 dogs, 3 cats, 3 mules and no deer. At school, he is in second grade and he is doing PE without any limitation.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature is 98.7, pulse is 96, respiratory rate is 24, height is 118.1 cm, weight is 22.1 kg, and blood pressure is 61/44.,GENERAL: He is alert, active, in no distress, very cooperative.,HEENT: He has no facial rash. No lymphadenopathy. Oral mucosa is clear. No tonsillitis. His ear canals are clear and pupils are reactive to light and accommodation.,CHEST: Clear to auscultation.,HEART: Regular rhythm and no murmur.,ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender with no visceromegaly.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: Shows no limitation in any of his joints or active swelling today. He has no tenderness either in any of his joints. Muscle strength is 5/5 in proximal muscles.,LABORATORY DATA:, Includes an arthritis panel. It has normal uric acid, sedimentation rate of 2, rheumatoid factor of 6, and antinuclear antibody that is negative and C-reactive protein that is 7.1. His mother stated that this was done while he was having symptoms.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN: , This patient may have had reactive arthritis. He is seen frequently and the patient has family history of psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis. I do not see any problems at this moment on his laboratories or on his physical examination. This may have been related to recent episode of viral infection or infection of some sort. Mother was oriented about the finding and my recommendation is to observe him and if there is any recurrence of the symptoms or persistence of swelling or limitation in any of his joints, I will be glad to see him back.,If you have any question on further assessment and plan, please do no hesitate to contact us." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3393 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR VISIT: , Mr. ABC is a 30-year-old man who returns in followup of his still moderate-to-severe sleep apnea. He returns today to review his response to CPAP.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient initially presented with loud obnoxious snoring that disrupted the sleep of his bed partner. He was found to have moderate-to-severe sleep apnea (predominantly hypopnea), was treated with nasal CPAP at 10 cm H2O nasal pressure. He has been on CPAP now for several months, and returns for followup to review his response to treatment.,The patient reports that the CPAP has limited his snoring at night. Occasionally, his bed partner wakes him in the middle of the night, when the mask comes off, and reminds him to replace the mask. The patient estimates that he uses the CPAP approximately 5 to 7 nights per week, and on occasion takes it off and does not replace the mask when he awakens spontaneously in the middle of the night.,The patient's sleep pattern consists of going to bed between 11:00 and 11:30 at night and awakening between 6 to 7 a.m. on weekdays. On weekends, he might sleep until 8 to 9 a.m. On Saturday night, he might go to bed approximately mid night.,As noted, the patient is not snoring on CPAP. He denies much tossing and turning and does not awaken with the sheets in disarray. He awakens feeling relatively refreshed.,In the past few months, the patient has lost between 15 and 18 pounds in combination of dietary and exercise measures.,He continues to work at Smith Barney in downtown Baltimore. He generally works from 8 to 8:30 a.m. until approximately 5 to 5:30 p.m. He is involved in training purpose to how to sell managed funds and accounts.,The patient reports no change in daytime stamina. He has no difficulty staying awake during the daytime or evening hours.,The past medical history is notable for allergic rhinitis.,MEDICATIONS: , He is maintained on Flonase and denies much in the way of nasal symptoms.,ALLERGIES: , Molds.,FINDINGS: ,Vital signs: Blood pressure 126/75, pulse 67, respiratory rate 16, weight 172 pounds, height 5 feet 9 inches, temperature 98.4 degrees and SaO2 is 99% on room air at rest.,The patient has adenoidal facies as noted previously.,Laboratories: The patient forgot to bring his smart card in for downloading today.,ASSESSMENT: , Moderate-to-severe sleep apnea. I have recommended the patient continue CPAP indefinitely. He will be sending me his smart card for downloading to determine his CPAP usage pattern. In addition, he will continue efforts to maintain his weight at current levels or below. Should he succeed in reducing further, we might consider re-running a sleep study to determine whether he still requires a CPAP.,PLANS: , In the meantime, if it is also that the possible nasal obstruction is contributing to snoring and obstructive hypopnea. I have recommended that a fiberoptic ENT exam be performed to exclude adenoidal tissue that may be contributing to obstruction. He will be returning for routine followup in 6 months." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3039 }

{ "text": "CIRCUMCISION - OLDER PERSON,OPERATIVE NOTE:, The patient was taken to the operating room and placed in the supine position on the operating table. General endotracheal anesthesia was administered. The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. A 4-0 silk suture is used as a stay-stitch of the glans penis. Next, incision line was marked circumferentially on the outer skin 3 mm below the corona. The incision was then carried through the skin and subcutaneous tissues down to within a layer of * fascia. Next, the foreskin was retracted. Another circumferential incision was made 3 mm proximal to the corona. The intervening foreskin was excised. Meticulous hemostasis was obtained with electrocautery. Next, the skin was reapproximated at the frenulum with a U stitch of 5-0 chromic followed by stitches at 12, 3, and 9 o'clock. The stitches were placed equal distance among these to reapproximate all the skin edges. Next, good cosmetic result was noted with no bleeding at the end of the procedure. Vaseline gauze, Telfa, and Elastoplast dressing was applied. The stay-stitch was removed and pressure held until bleeding stopped. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was returned to the recovery room in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Urology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1267 }

{ "text": "XYZ, D.C.,60 Evergreen Place,Suite 902,East Orange, NJ 07018,Re:" }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 65 }

{ "text": "Chief Complaint:, Confusion and hallucinations.,History of Present Illness:, The patient was a 27-year-old Hispanic man who presented to St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital with a five day history of confusion and hallucinations. The patient was doing well until three months prior to admission when he developed wheezing and shortness of breath upon exertion. He was seen by his primary care physician and was prescribed Salmeterol and Fluticasone nasal inhaler for presumed asthma. His wheezing improved with treatment.,Over the five days prior to admission, his family noticed the patient's increasing confusion and bizarre behavior. The patient was intermittently unable to recognize his family members or surroundings. He was restless and anxious, paced the floor at night, and complained of insomnia. He stated he was unable to sleep because he feared his family was trying to hurt him. When he did sleep, he described night terrors. He also complained of both auditory and visual hallucinations. He stated the voices \"told him to do good things\". He denied any previous history of depression or manic episodes. The patient denied suicidal or homicidal ideation. He admitted he had recently lost weight although he was unable to quantify how much. He stated his appetite was good, but he had not been eating for fear of being poisoned.,The patient denied having headaches or a history of trauma. He denied fevers or chills but he complained of recent night sweats. He denied nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or dysuria. He denied chest pain, palpitations, or episodic flushing; but he complained of lightheadedness. He denied orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. The shortness of breath symptoms had resolved.,Past Medical History:, None. No history of hypertension or of cardiac, renal, lung, or liver disease.,Past Surgical History:, None,Past Psychological History: None,Social History:, The patient was from Brazil. He moved to the United States one year ago. He denied any history of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drug use. He was married and monogamous. He worked as an engineer/manager, and stated that his job was \"very stressful\". He had recently been admitted to an MBA program. The patient denied recent travel or exposures of any kind.,Family History:, The patient had a second-degree relative with a history of depression and \"nervous breakdown\".,Allergies:, There were no known drug allergies.,Medications:, Prescribed medications were Salmeterol inhaler, prn; and Fluticasone nasal inhaler. The patient was taking no over the counter or alternative medicines.,Physical Examination:, The patient was a 27-year-old Hispanic man who presented with symptoms of confusion and hallucinations. He was a thin man but appeared to be well developed and well nourished. The patient paced the room during the examination. He appeared anxious and distracted. He was coherent, yet he had poor concentration and was unable to cooperate fully with the examination. The patient had a pulse rate of 110 beats per minute and blood pressure of 186/101 mm Hg when reclining; and a pulse rate of 122 beats per minute and blood pressure of 166/92 mm Hg when standing. His oral temperature was 100.8 degrees Fahrenheit, and his respiratory rate was 12 breaths per minute.,HEENT: Conjunctivae were pink; sclerae anicteric; mucous membranes moist and pink without lesions.,NECK: The neck was supple, normal jugular venous pressure, no carotid bruits, no thyromegaly.,LUNGS: The lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally; no wheezes, rales or rhonchi.,HEART: The heart had a regular rhythm, tachycardic, II/VI systolic ejection murmur LUSB, no rubs or gallops, PMI nondisplaced, hyperdynamic precordium.,ABDOMEN: The abdomen was soft, nontender and nondistended; normoactive bowel sounds, no hepatosplenomegaly, no masses; positive bruit heard throughout mid-abdomen, positive bilateral femoral bruits.,EXTREMITIES: No clubbing, cyanosis, or edema; 2+ pulses.,GENITOURINARY: Normal male phallus, no testicular masses.,RECTAL: Guaiac negative, no masses.,LYMPH NODES: Negative in the anterior and posterior clavicular, supraclavicular, axillary, and inguinal regions.,SKIN: Acneiform eruption over back and trunk, no papules or vesicles.,NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION: The patient was alert and oriented to self and year, but not to month or place. He had difficulty with mathematics and following commands (when asked to stand on his heels, the patient stood on his toes and turned on the television). Cranial nerves II-XII intact, motor 5/5 throughout all extremities; reflexes 2+ and symmetrical throughout. Sensory: Intact to light touch, vibration, proprioception, and temperature. Cerebellar: intact finger to nose, no ataxia. Romberg negative.,PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION: The patient's mood was elevated and euphoric; affect was appropriate; his speech was normal in rate, volume, and tone.,Hospital Course:, The patient was admitted to St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital and a workup for his altered mental status was begun. The following studies were performed:,Twelve-lead EKG: sinus tachycardia.,CXR (PA/lat): normal cardiac silhouette and normal lung fields.,CT scan of head without contrast: ventricles were normal in size and position. There was no evidence of mass or hemorrhage.,Lumbar puncture: clear, colorless; WBC--0; RBC--56; protein--45; glucose--126; VDRL--negative; cryptococcal Ag--negative; cultures--negative.,MRI with gadolinium: no discrete areas of abnormal signal intensity.,EEG: no focal or epileptiform activity.,The patient was treated with haldol and risperidone for his agitation, and further diagnostic testing was performed." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5641 }

{ "text": "DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM,REASON FOR EXAM: , Chest discomfort, evaluation for coronary artery disease.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was brought to the cardiac center. Cardiac images at rest were obtained in the parasternal long and short axis, apical four and apical two views followed by starting with a dobutamine drip in the usual fashion at 10 mcg/kg per minute for low dose, increased every 2 to 3 minutes by 10 mcg/kg per minute. The patient maximized at 30 mcg/kg per minute. Images were obtained at that level after adding 0.7 mg of atropine to reach maximal heart rate of 145. Maximal images were obtained in the same windows of parasternal long and short axis, apical four and apical two windows.,Wall motion assessed at all levels as well as at recovery.,The patient got nauseated, had some mild shortness of breath. No angina during the procedure and the maximal amount of dobutamine was 30 mcg/kg per minute.,The resting heart rate was 78 with the resting blood pressure 186/98. Heart rate reduced by the vasodilator effects of dobutamine to 130/80. Maximal heart rate achieved was 145, which is 85% of age-predicted heart rate.,The EKG at rest showed sinus rhythm with no ST-T wave depression suggestive of ischemia or injury. Incomplete right bundle-branch block was seen. The maximal stress test EKG showed sinus tachycardia. There was subtle upsloping ST depression in III and aVF, which is a normal response to the tachycardia with dobutamine, but no significant depression suggestive of ischemia and no ST elevation seen.,No ventricular tachycardia or ventricular ectopy seen during the test. The heart rate recovered in a normal fashion after using metoprolol 5 mg.,The heart images were somewhat suboptimal to evaluate because of obesity and some problems with the short axis windows mainly at peak exercise.,The EF at rest appeared to be normal at 55 to 60 with normal wall motion including anterior, anteroseptal, inferior, lateral, and septal walls at low dose. All walls mentioned were augmented in a normal fashion. At maximum dose, all walls were augmented on all views except for the short axis was foreshortened, was uncertain about the anterolateral wall at peak exercise; however, of the other views, the lateral wall was showing normal thickening and normal augmentation. EF improved to about 70%.,The wall motion score was unchanged.,IMPRESSION:,1. Maximal dobutamine stress echocardiogram test achieving more than 85% of age-predicted heart rate.,2. Negative EKG criteria for ischemia.,3. Normal augmentation at low and maximum stress test with some uncertainty about the anterolateral wall in peak exercise only on the short axis view. This is considered the negative dobutamine stress echocardiogram test, medical management." }

[ { "label": " Radiology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2792 }

{ "text": "CC: ,Bilateral lower extremity numbness.,HX: ,21 y/o RHM complained of gradual onset numbness and incoordination of both lower extremities beginning approximately 11/5/96. The symptoms became maximal over a 12-24 hour period and have not changed since. The symptoms consist of tingling in the distal lower extremities approximately half way up the calf bilaterally. He noted decreased coordination of both lower extremities which he thought might be due to uncertainty as to where his feet were being placed in space. He denied bowel/bladder problems, or weakness or numbness elsewhere. Hot showers may improve his symptoms. He has suffered no recent flu-like illness. Past medical and family histories are unremarkable. He was on no medications.,EXAM:, Unremarkable except for mild distal vibratory sensation loss in the toes (R>L).,LAB:, CBC, Gen Screen, TSH, FT4, SPE, ANA were all WNL.,MRI L-SPINE:, Normal.,COURSE:, Normal exam and diminished symptoms at following visit 4/23/93." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 984 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Brain tumor left temporal lobe.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Brain tumor left temporal lobe - glioblastoma multiforme.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE:,1. Left temporal craniotomy.,2. Removal of brain tumor.,OPERATING MICROSCOPE: , Stealth.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was placed in the supine position, shoulder roll, and the head was turned to the right side. The entire left scalp was prepped and draped in the usual fashion after having being placed in 2-point skeletal fixation. Next, we made an inverted-U fashion base over the asterion over temporoparietal area of the skull. A free flap was elevated after the scalp that was reflected using the burr hole and craniotome. The bone flap was placed aside and soaked in the bacitracin solution.,The dura was then opened in an inverted-U fashion. Using the Stealth, we could see that this large cystic mass was just below the cortex in the white matter just anterior to the trigone of the ventricle. We head through the vein of Labbe, and we made great care to preserve this. We saw where the tumor almost made to the surface. Here we made a small corticectomy using the Stealth for guidance. We left small corticectomy entered large cavity with approximately 15 cc of yellowish necrotic liquid. This was submitted to pathology. We biopsied this very abnormal tissue and submitted it to pathology. They gave us a frozen section diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. With the operating microscope and Greenwood bipolar forceps, we then systematically debulked this tumor. It was very vascular and we really continued to remove this tumor until all visible tumors was removed. We appeared to get two gliotic planes circumferentially. We could see it through the ventricle. After removing all visible tumor grossly, we then irrigated this cavity multiple times and obtained meticulous hemostasis and then closed the dura primarily with 4-0 Nurolon sutures with the piece of DuraGen placed over this in order to increase our chances for a good watertight seal. The bone flap was then replaced and sutured with the Lorenz titanium plate system. The muscle fascia galea was closed with interrupted 2-0 Vicryl sutures. Skin staples were used for skin closure. The blood loss of the operation was about 200 cc. There were no complications of the surgery per se. The needle count, sponge count, and the cottonoid count were correct.,COMMENT: ,Operating microscope was quite helpful in this; as we could use the light as well as the magnification to help us delineate the brain tumor - gliotic interface and while it was vague at sometimes we could I think clearly get a good cleavage plane in most instances so that we got a gross total removal of this very large and necrotic-looking tumor of the brain." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2783 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR VISIT: ,The patient is a 38-year-old woman with pseudotumor cerebri without papilledema who comes in because of new onset of headaches. She comes to clinic by herself.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , Dr. X has cared for her since 2002. She has a Codman-Hakim shunt set at 90 mmH2O. She last saw us in clinic in January 2008 and at that time we recommended that she followup with Dr. Y for medical management of her chronic headaches. We also recommended that the patient see a psychiatrist regarding her depression, which she stated that she would followup with that herself. Today, the patient returns to clinic because of acute onset of headaches that she has had since her shunt was adjusted after an MRI on 04/18/08. She states that since that time her headaches have been bad. They woke her up at night. She has not been able to sleep. She has not had a good sleep cycle since that time. She states that the pain is constant and is worse with coughing, straining, and sneezing as well as on standing up. She states that they feel a little bit better when lying down. Medication shave not helped her. She has tried taking Imitrex as well as Motrin 800 mg twice a day, but she states it has not provided much relief. The pain is generalized, but also noted to be quite intense in the frontal region of her head. She also reports ringing in the ears and states that she just does not feel well. She reports no nausea at this time. She also states that she has been experiencing intermittent blurry vision and dimming lights as well. She tells me that she has an appointment with Dr. Y tomorrow. She reports no other complaints at this time.,MAJOR FINDINGS:, On examination today, this is a pleasant 38-year-old woman who comes back from the clinic waiting area without difficulty. She is well developed, well nourished, and kempt.,Vital Signs: Blood pressure 153/86, pulse 63, and respiratory rate 16.,Cranial Nerves: Intact for extraocular movements. Facial movement, hearing, head turning, tongue, and palate movements are all intact. I did not know any papilledema on exam bilaterally.,I examined her shut site, which is clean, dry, and intact. She did have a small 3 mm to 4 mm round scab, which was noted farther down from her shunt reservoir. It looks like there is a little bit of dry blood there.,ASSESSMENT:, The patient appears to have had worsening headaches since shunt adjustment back after an MRI.,PROBLEMS/DIAGNOSES:,1. Pseudotumor cerebri without papilledema.,2. Migraine headaches.,PROCEDURES:, I programmed her shunt to 90 mmH2O.,PLAN:, It was noted that the patient began to have an acute onset of headache pain after her shunt adjustment approximately a week and a half ago. I had programmed her shunt back to 90 mmH2O at that time and confirmed it with an x-ray. However, the picture of the x-ray was not the most desirable picture. Thus, I decided to reprogram the shunt back to 90 mmH2O today and have the patient return to Sinai for a skull x-ray to confirm the setting at 90. In addition, she told me that she is scheduled to see Dr. Y tomorrow, so she should followup with him and also plan on contacting the Wilmer Eye Institute to setup an appointment. She should followup with the Wilmer Eye Institute as she is complaining of blurry vision and dimming of the lights occasionally.,Total visit time was approximately 60 minutes and about 10 minutes of that time was spent in counseling the patient." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3475 }

{ "text": "TITLE OF OPERATION:, Total laryngectomy, right level 2, 3, 4 neck dissection, tracheoesophageal puncture, cricopharyngeal myotomy, right thyroid lobectomy.,INDICATION FOR SURGERY: , A 58-year-old gentleman who has had a history of a T3 squamous cell carcinoma of his glottic larynx having elected to undergo a laser excision procedure in late 06/07. Subsequently, biopsy confirmed tumor persistence in the right glottic region. Risks, benefits, and alternatives of the surgical intervention versus possibility of chemoradiation therapy were discussed with the patient in detail. Also concerned for a CT scan finding of possible cartilaginous invasion at the cricoid level. The patient understood the issues regarding surgical intervention and wished to undergo a surgical intervention despite a clear understanding of risks, benefits, and alternatives. He was accompanied by his wife and daughter. Risks included, but were not limited to anesthesia, bleeding, infection, injury of the nerves including lower lip weakness, tongue weakness, tongue numbness, shoulder weakness, need for physical therapy, possibility of total laryngectomy, possibility of inability to speak or swallow, difficulty eating, wound care issues, failure to heal, need for additional treatment, and the patient understood all of these issues and they wished to proceed.,PREOP DIAGNOSIS: , Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.,POSTOP DIAGNOSIS: , Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.,PROCEDURE DETAIL: , After identifying the patient, the patient was placed supine on the operating room table. After the establishment of the general anesthesia via oral endotracheal intubation, the patient had his eyes protected with Tegaderm. A #6 endotracheal tube was placed initially. Direct laryngoscopy was performed with a Lindholm laryngoscope. A 0-degree endoscope was used to take pictures of what was apparently a recurrence of tumor along the right true vocal fold extending into the anterior arytenoid area and extending about 1 cm below into the subglottis. Subsequently, a decision was then made to go ahead and perform the surgical intervention. A hemi-apron incision was employed, and 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected. A shoulder roll was applied after the patient was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. Subsequently, a hemi-apron incision was performed. Subplatysmal flaps were raised at the hyoid bone into the clavicle. Attention was then turned to the right side, where a level 2, 3, 4 neck dissection was performed. Submandibular fascia was appreciated inferiorly along the submandibular gland, this was incised allowing for identification of the digastric muscle. Digastric tunnel was performed posteriorly to the level of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The fascia along the sternocleidomastoid muscle was then dissected along the anterior aspect until the cranial nerve XI was identified. Level 2A contents were then dissected off the floor of the neck including levels 3 and 4. Preservation of the phrenic nerve was obtained by identification, and subsequently cross-clamping fibrofatty tissue and lymph nodes just adjacent to the jugular vein inferiorly at level 4. The specimen was then mobilized over the internal jugular vein with preservation of hypoglossal nerve. Levels 2, 3, 4 neck dissection specimens were then labeled appropriately, attached with staples, and sent for histopathological evaluation.,Attention was then turned to attempting to perform a partial laryngectomy up front with a possibility of total laryngectomy as discussed. Subsequently, the strap muscles were separated in the midline. The trachea was identified in the midline. The thyroid isthmus was plicated using the Harmonic scalpel, and attention was then turned to transecting the strap muscles at the superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage. Once this was performed, sinuses were mobilized from the thyroid cartilage both on the right and left side respectively. The cricothyroid joint was then freed on the left side and then on the right side with noting on the right side that this cartilage was a bit more irregular. Attention was then turned to performing a cricothyrotomy. Upon performing this, it was obvious that there was tumor just above the level of the cricothyrotomy incision. A #7 anode tube was then placed in this area and secured. Attention was then turned to performing the laryngotomy at the level of the petiole of epiglottis. Subsequently, the cuts were made on the left side with visualization of the vocalis process and coming down to the level of the cricoid cartilage, and the thyroid cartilage was then intentionally fractured along the anterior spine. It was evident that this tumor had extended more than 1 cm into the subglottic region. Careful dissection of larynx from an inferior margin and portion of cricoid cartilage resection then was performed posteriorly, though it was evident that the cricoid cartilage was invaded. Frozen section biopsy then confirmed this finding as read by Dr. X of Surgical Pathology.,In light of this finding with cartilaginous invasion and inability to preserve the cricoid cartilage, the patient's case was then converted into a total laryngectomy. Subsequently, the trachea was transected at the level 3, 4 tracheal ring into cartilaginous space and anterior tracheal stoma was fashioned using 3-0 vertical mattress sutures for the skin. A W-plasty was also performed to allow for enlargement of the stoma. Attention was then turned to identifying the common parting wall of the trachea and the esophagus. Attention was then turned to resecting the hyoid bone. The remainder of the specimen cuts were made superior from sinus preserving a modest amount of pharyngeal mechanism. The wound was copiously irrigated. Subsequently, a tracheoesophageal puncture site was performed using a right-angled hemostat at about approximately 1 cm from the posterior tracheal wall superior aspect. Once this was performed, a running 3-0 canal stitch was used to close the pharynx. Subsequently, interrupted 4-0 chromic stitches were then used as reinforcement line from superior to inferior, and fibrin glue was applied. Two #10 JP drains were placed on the right side and one on the left side and secured appropriately with 3-0 nylon. The wound was then closed using interrupted 3-0 Vicryl for the platysma and staples for the skin. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was brought to the Weinberg Intensive Care Unit with the endotracheal tube still in place to be decannulated later." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 6591 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT: ,Followup diabetes mellitus, type 1., ,SUBJECTIVE:, Patient is a 34-year-old male with significant diabetic neuropathy. He has been off on insurance for over a year. Has been using NPH and Regular insulin to maintain his blood sugars. States that he is deathly afraid of having a low blood sugar due to motor vehicle accident he was in several years ago. Reports that his blood sugar dropped too low which caused the accident. Since this point in time, he has been unwilling to let his blood sugars fall within a normal range, for fear of hypoglycemia. Also reports that he regulates his blood sugars with how he feels, rarely checking his blood sugar with a glucometer., ,Reports that he has been worked up extensively at hospital and was seeing an Endocrinologist at one time. Reports that he had some indications of kidney damage when first diagnosed. His urine microalbumin today is 100. His last hemoglobin A1C drawn at the end of December is 11.9. Reports that at one point, he was on Lantus which worked well and he did not worry about his blood sugars dropping too low. While using Lantus, he was able to get his hemoglobin A1C down to 7. His last CMP shows an elevated alkaline phosphatase level of 168. He denies alcohol or drug use and is a non smoker. Reports he quit drinking 3 years ago. I have discussed with patient that it would be appropriate to do an SGGT and hepatic panel today. Patient also has a history of gastroparesis and impotence. Patient requests Nexium and Viagra, neither of which are covered under the Health Plan. , ,Patient reports that he was in a scooter accident one week ago, fell off his scooter, hit his head. Was not wearing a helmet. Reports that he did not go to the emergency room and had a headache for several days after this incident. Reports that an ambulance arrived at the scene and he was told he had a scalp laceration and to go into the emergency room. Patient did not comply. Reports that the headache has resolved. Denies any dizziness, nausea, vomiting, or other neurological abnormalities., ,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , WD, WN. Slender, 34-year-old white male. VITAL SIGNS: Blood sugar 145, blood pressure 120/88, heart rate 104, respirations 16. Microalbumin 100. SKIN: There appears to be 2 skin lacerations on the left parietal region of the scalp, each approximately 1 inch long. No signs of infection. Wound is closed with new granulation tissue. Appears to be healing well. HEENT: Normocephalic. PERRLA. EOMI. TMs pearly gray with landmarks present. Nares patent. Throat with no redness or swelling. Nontender sinuses. NECK: Supple. Full ROM. No LAD. CARDIAC:" }

[ { "label": " SOAP / Chart / Progress Notes", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2677 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Lumbar stenosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:, Lumbar stenosis and cerebrospinal fluid fistula.,TITLE OF THE OPERATION,1. Lumbar laminectomy for decompression with foraminotomies L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1 microtechniques.,2. Repair of CSF fistula, microtechniques L5-S1, application of DuraSeal.,INDICATIONS:, The patient is an 82-year-old woman who has about a four-month history now of urinary incontinence and numbness in her legs and hands, and difficulty ambulating. She was evaluated with an MRI scan, which showed a very high-grade stenosis in her lumbar spine, and subsequent evaluation included a myelogram, which demonstrated cervical stenosis at C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 as well as a complete block of the contrast at L4-L5 and no contrast at L5-S1 either and stenosis at L3-L4 and all the way up, but worse at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. Yesterday, she underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and fusions C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7 and had some improvement of her symptoms and increased strength, even in the recovery room. She was kept in the ICU because of her age and the need to bring her back to the operating room today for decompressive lumbar laminectomy. The rationale for putting the surgery is close together that she is normally on Coumadin for atrial fibrillation, though she has been cardioverted. She and her son understand the nature, indications, and risks of the surgery, and agreed to go ahead.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought from the Neuro ICU to the operating room, where general endotracheal anesthesia was obtained. She was rolled in a prone position on the Wilson frame. The back was prepared in the usual manner with Betadine soak, followed by Betadine paint. Markings were applied. Sterile drapes were applied. Using the usual anatomical landmarks, linear midline incision was made presumed over L4-L5 and L5-S1. Sharp dissection was carried down into subcutaneous tissue, then Bovie electrocautery was used to isolate the spinous processes. A Kocher clamp was placed in the anterior spinous ligament and this turned out to be L5-S1. The incision was extended rostrally and deep Gelpi's were inserted to expose the spinous processes and lamina of L3, L4, L5, and S1. Using the Leksell rongeur, the spinous processes of L4 and L5 were removed completely, and the caudal part of L3. A high-speed drill was then used to thin the caudal lamina of L3, all of the lamina of L4 and of L5. Then using various Kerrison punches, I proceeded to perform a laminectomy. Removing the L5 lamina, there was a dural band attached to the ligamentum flavum and this caused about a 3-mm tear in the dura. There was CSF leak. The lamina removal was continued, ligamentum flavum was removed to expose all the dura. Then using 4-0 Nurolon suture, a running-locking suture was used to close the approximate 3-mm long dural fistula. There was no CSF leak with Valsalva.,I then continued the laminectomy removing all of the lamina of L5 and of L4, removing the ligamentum flavum between L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1. Foraminotomies were accomplished bilaterally. The caudal aspect of the lamina of L3 also was removed. The dura came up quite nicely. I explored out along the L4, L5, and S1 nerve roots after completing the foraminotomies, the roots were quite free. Further more, the thecal sac came up quite nicely. In order to ensure no CSF leak, we would follow the patient out of the operating room. The dural closure was covered with a small piece of fat. This was all then covered with DuraSeal glue. Gelfoam was placed on top of this, then the muscle was closed with interrupted 0 Ethibond. The lumbodorsal fascia was closed with multiple sutures of interrupted 0 Ethibond in a watertight fashion. Scarpa's fascia was closed with a running 0 Vicryl, and finally the skin was closed with a running-locking 3-0 nylon. The wound was blocked with 0.5% plain Marcaine.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: Estimated blood loss for the case was about 100 mL.,SPONGE AND NEEDLE COUNTS: Correct.,FINDINGS: A very tight high-grade stenosis at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. There were adhesions between the dura and the ligamentum flavum owing to the severity and length of the stenosis.,The patient tolerated the procedure well with stable vitals throughout." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4296 }

{ "text": "ADMISSION DIAGNOSIS:, Painful right knee status post total knee arthroplasty many years ago. The patient had gradual onset of worsening soreness and pain in this knee. X-ray showed that the poly seems to be worn out significantly in this area.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS:, Status post poly exchange, right knee, total knee arthroplasty.,CONDITION ON DISCHARGE:, Stable.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:, Poly exchange total knee, right.,CONSULTATIONS: , Anesthesia managed femoral nerve block on the patient.,HOSPITAL COURSE: ,The patient was admitted with revision right total knee arthroplasty and replacement of patellar and tibial poly components. The patient recovered well after this. Working with PT, she was able to ambulate with minimal assistance. Nerve block was removed by anesthesia. The patient did well on oral pain medications. The patient was discharged home. She is actually going to home with her son who will be able to assist her and look after her for anything she might need. The patient is comfortable with this, understands the therapy regimen, and is very satisfied after the procedure.,DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS AND MEDICATIONS: , The patient is to be discharged home to the care of the son. Diet is regular. Activity, weight bear as tolerated right lower extremity. Continue to do physical therapy exercises. The patient will be discharged home on Coumadin 4 mg a day as the INR was 1.9 on discharge with twice weekly lab checks. Vicodin 5/500 mg take one to two tablets p.o. q.4-6h. Resume home medications. Call the office or return to the emergency room for any concerns including increased redness, swelling, drainage, fever, or any concerns regarding operation or site of incision. The patient is to follow up with Dr. ABC in two weeks." }

[ { "label": " Discharge Summary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1770 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT:, One-month followup.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient is an 88-year-old Caucasian female. She comes here today with a friend. The patient has no complaints. She states she has been feeling well. Her knees are not hurting her at all anymore and she is not needing Bextra any longer. I think the last steroid injection that she had with Dr. XYZ really did help. The patient denies any shortness of breath or cough. Has no nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. No diarrhea or constipation. She states her appetite is good. She clears her plate at noon. She has had no fevers, chills, or sweats. The friend with her states she is doing very well. Seems to eat excellently at noontime, despite this, the patient continues to lose weight. When I asked her what she eats for breakfast and for supper, she states she really does not eat anything. Her only meal that she eats at the nursing home is the noon meal and then I just do not think she is eating much the rest of the time. She states she is really not hungry the rest of the time except at lunchtime. She denies any fevers, chills, or sweats. We did do some lab work at the last office visit and CBC was essentially normal. Comprehensive metabolic was essentially normal as was of the BUN of 32 and creatinine of 1.3. This is fairly stable for her. Liver enzymes were normal. TSH was normal. Free albumin was normal at 23. She is on different antidepressants and that may be causing some difficulties with unintentional weight loss.,MEDICATIONS: ,Currently are Aricept 10 mg a day, Prevacid 30 mg a day, Lexapro 10 mg a day, Norvasc 2.5 mg a day, Milk of Magnesia 30 cc daily, and Amanda 10 mg b.i.d.,ALLERGIES:, No known drug allergies.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Reviewed from 05/10/2004 and unchanged other than the addition of paranoia, which is much improved on her current medications.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, The patient is widow. She is a nonsmoker, nondrinker. She lives at Kansas Christian Home independently, but actually does get a lot of help with medications, having a driver to bring her here, and going to the noon meal.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, As above in HPI.,PHYSICAL EXAM:,General: This is a well-developed, pleasant Caucasian female, who appears thinner especially in her face. States are clothes are fitting more loosely.,Vital Signs: Weight: 123, down 5 pounds from last month and down 11 pounds from May 2004. Blood pressure: 128/62. Pulse: 60. Respirations: 20. Temperature: 96.8.,Neck: Supple. Carotids are silent.,Chest: Clear to auscultation.,Cardiovascular: Regular rate and rhythm.,Abdomen: Soft and nontender, nondistended with positive bowel sounds. No organomegaly or masses are appreciated.,Extremities: Free of edema.,ASSESSMENT:,1. Unintentional weight loss. I think this is more a problem of just not getting in any calories though does not appear to be a medical problem go on, although her dementia may make it difficult for her to remember to eat, and with her antidepressant medication she is on, she just may not have much of an appetite to eat unless food is prepared for her.,2. Depression, doing well.,3. Paranoia, doing well.,4. Dementia, stable.,5. Osteoarthritis of the knees, pain is much improved.,PLAN:,1. Continue on current medications.,2. I did call and talk with doctor at hospital. We discussed different options. We have decided to have the patient eat the evening meal at the nursing home also and have her take a supplement drink such as Ensure at breakfast time. Connie will weigh the patient once a week and I will go ahead and see the patient in one month. We can see how she is doing at that time. If she continues to lose weight despite eating better, then I think we will need to do further evaluation." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3789 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Breast assymetry, status post previous breast surgery.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Breast assymetry, status post previous breast surgery.,OPERATION: , Capsulotomy left breast, flat advancement V to Y left breast for correction lower pole defect.,ANESTHESIA:, LMA.,FINDINGS AND PROCEDURE: ,The patient is a 35-year-old female who presents status post multiple breast surgeries with resultant flatness of the lower pole of the left breast. The nipple inframammary fold distance is approximately 1.5 cm shorter than the fuller right breast. The patient has bilateral Mentor-Smooth round moderate projection jell-filled mammary prosthesis, 225 cc.,The patient was marked in the upright position for mobilization of lateral skin flaps and increase in the length of the nipple inframammary fold distance. She was then brought to the operating room and after satisfactory LMA anesthesia had been induced, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual manger. The patient received a gram of Kefzol prior to beginning the procedure. The previous inverted T-scar was excised down to the underlying capsule of the breast implant. The breast was carefully dissected off of the underlying capsule. Care being taken to preserve the vascular supply to the skin and breast flap. When the anterior portion of the breast was dissected free of the underlying capsule, the posterior aspect of the capsule was then dissected off of the underlying pectoralis muscle. A posterior incision was made on the backside of the capsule at the proximate middle portion of the capsule and then reflected inferiorly thereby creating a superior based capsular flap. The lateral aspects of the capsule were then opened and the inferior edge of the capsule was then sutured to the underside of the inframammary flap with 2-0 Monocryl statures. Care was taken to avoid as much exposure of the implant, as well as damage to the implant. When the flap had been created and advanced, hemostasis was obtained and the area copiously irrigated with a solution of Bacitracin 50,000 units, Kefzol 1 g, gentamicin 80 mg, and 500 cc of saline. The lateral skin both medially and laterally were then completely freed and the vertical incision of the inverted T was then extended the 2 cm and sutured with a trifurcation suture of 2-0 Biosyn. This lengthened the vertical portion of the mastopexy scar to allow for descent of the implant and roundness of the inferior pole of the left breast. The remainder of the inverted T was closed with interrupted sutures of 3 and 2-0 Biosyn and the skin was closed with continuous suture of 5-0 nylon. Bacitracin and a standard breast dressing were applied.,The anesthesia was terminated and the patient was recovered in the operating room. Sponge, instrument, needle count reported as corrected. Estimated blood loss negligible." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2867 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right inguinal hernia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Direct right inguinal hernia.,TITLE OF PROCEDURE: , Marlex repair of right inguinal hernia.,ANESTHESIA:, Spinal.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:, The patient was taken to the operative suite, placed on the table in the supine position, and given a spinal anesthetic. The right inguinal region was shaved and prepped and draped in a routine sterile fashion. The patient received 1 gm of Ancef IV push.,Transverse incision was made in the intraabdominal crease and carried through skin and subcutaneous tissue. The external oblique fascia was exposed and incised down to and through the external inguinal ring. The spermatic cord and hernia sac were dissected bluntly off the undersurface of the external oblique fascia exposing the attenuated floor of the inguinal canal. The cord was surrounded with a Penrose drain. The hernia sac was separated from the cord structures. The floor of the inguinal canal, which consisted of attenuated transversalis fascia, was imbricated upon itself with a running locked suture of 2-0 Prolene. Marlex patch 1 x 4 in dimension was trimmed to an appropriate shape with a defect to accommodate the cord. It was placed around the cord and sutured to itself with 2-0 Prolene. The patch was then sutured medially to the pubic tubercle, inferiorly to Cooper's ligament and inguinal ligaments, and superiorly to conjoined tendon using 2-0 Prolene. The area was irrigated with saline solution, and 0.5% Marcaine with epinephrine was injected to provide prolonged postoperative pain relief. The cord was returned to its position. External oblique fascia was closed with a running 2-0 PDS, subcu with 2-0 Vicryl, and skin with running subdermal 4-0 Vicryl and Steri-Strips. Sponge and needle counts were correct. Sterile dressing was applied." }

[ { "label": " Urology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1848 }