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We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Bolted connections in the Primary Structure must use a removable bolt and nut. Bonded fasteners and blind nuts and bolts do not meet this requirement

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Threaded fasteners used in Primary Structure are Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Bolted connections in the Primary Structure using tabs or brackets must have an edge distance ratio “e/D” of 1.5 or higher “D” equals the hole diameter. “e” equals the distance from the edge of the hole to the nearest free edge Tabs attaching the Suspension to the Primary Structure are NOT “in the Primary Structure”

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Adhesive used and referenced bonding strength must be appropriate for both substrate types

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Document the adhesive choice, age and expiration date, substrate preparation, and the equivalency of the bonded joint in the SES

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The SES will reduce any referenced or tested adhesive values by 50%

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Chassis must include both a Main Hoop and a Front Hoop.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.6.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.6.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop and Front Hoop must be Triangulated into the Primary Structure with Structural Tubing The Triangulation must be at a node in side view for: a. Bends in side view b. Bends in front view below the Upper Side Impact Structure F.6.4, F.7.5

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.6.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.6.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Roll Hoop and Driver Position When seated normally and restrained by the Driver Restraint System, the helmet of a 95th percentile male (see V.2.1.1) and all of the team’s drivers must: a. Be a minimum of 50 mm from the straight line drawn from the top of the Main Hoop to the top of the Front Hoop. b. Be a minimum of 50 mm from the straight line drawn from the top of the Main Hoop to the lower end of the Main Hoop Bracing if the bracing extends rearwards. c. Be no further rearwards than the rear surface of the Main Hoop if the Main Hoop Bracing extends forwards.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.6.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.6.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Driver Template A two dimensional template used to represent the 95th percentile male is made to the following dimensions (see figure below): • A circle of diameter 200 mm will represent the hips and buttocks. • A circle of diameter 200 mm will represent the shoulder/cervical region. • A circle of diameter 300 mm will represent the head (with helmet). • A straight line measuring 490 mm will connect the centers of the two 200 mm circles. • A straight line measuring 280 mm will connect the centers of the upper 200 mm circle and the 300 mm head circle.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.6.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 32 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.5 Bonding in Regulated Structure F.5.5.1 Adhesive used and referenced bonding strength must be appropriate for both substrate type s F.5.5.2 Document t he adhesive choice, age and expiration date, substrate preparation, and the equivalency of the bonded joint in the SES F.5.5.3 The SES will reduce any referenced or tested adhesive values by 50% F.5.6 Roll Hoops F.5.6.1 The Chassis must include both a Main Hoop and a Front Hoop. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.6.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Driver Template Position The Driver Template will be positioned as follows: • The seat will be adjusted to the rearmost position • The pedals will be placed in the most forward position • The bottom 200 mm circle will be placed on the seat bottom where the distance between the center of this circle and the rearmost face of the pedals is no less than 915 mm • The middle 200 mm circle, representing the shoulders, will be positioned on the seat back • The upper 300 mm circle will be positioned no more than 25 mm away from the head restraint (where the driver’s helmet would normally be located while driving)

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop must be constructed of closed section metal tubing meeting F.3.2.1.c

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

With proper Triangulation, the Front Hoop may be fabricated from more than one piece of tubing

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop must extend from the lowest Frame Member on one side of the Frame, up, over and down to the lowest Frame Member on the other side of the Frame.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The top-most surface of the Front Hoop must be no lower than the top of the steering wheel in any angular position. See figure following F.5.9.6 below

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop must be no more than 250 mm forward of the steering wheel. This distance is measured horizontally, on the vehicle centerline, from the rear surface of the Front Hoop to the forward most surface of the steering wheel rim with the steering in the straight ahead position.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In side view, any part of the Front Hoop above the Upper Side Impact Structure must be inclined less than 20° from the vertical.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.7.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.7.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

A Front Hoop that is not steel must have a 4 mm hole drilled in a location to access during Technical Inspection mm 082

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.8.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.8.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop must be a single piece of uncut, continuous, closed section steel tubing meeting F.3.2.1.g

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.8.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.8.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop must extend from the lowest Frame Member / bottom of Monocoque on one side of the Frame, up, over and down to the lowest Frame Member / bottom of Monocoque on the other side of the Frame.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.8.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.8.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In the side view of the vehicle, a. The part of the Main Hoop that lies above its attachment point to the upper Side Impact Tube must be less than 10° from vertical. b. Any bends in the Main Hoop above its attachment point to the Major Structure of the Chassis must be braced to a node or Attachment point F.7.8 with tubing meeting F.3.2.1.h and F.5.9.5 c. The part of the Main Hoop below the Upper Side Impact Member attachment: • May be forward at any angle • Must not be rearward more than 10° from vertical

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.8.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.8.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In the front view of the vehicle, the vertical members of the Main Hoop must be minimum 380 mm apart (inside dimension) at the location where the Main Hoop is attached to the bottom tubes of the Major Structure of the Chassis.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Main Hoop Braces must be constructed of closed section steel tubing meeting F.3.2.1.h

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop must be supported by two Braces extending in the forward or rearward direction, one on each of the left and right sides of the Main Hoop.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In the side view of the Frame, the Main Hoop and the Main Hoop Braces must not lie on the same side of the vertical line through the top of the Main Hoop. (If the Main Hoop leans forward, the Braces must be forward of the Main Hoop, and if the Main Hoop leans rearward, the Braces must be rearward of the Main Hoop)

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop Braces must be attached 160 mm or less below the top most surface of the Main Hoop. The Main Hoop Braces should be attached as near as possible to the top of the Main Hoop

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The included angle formed by the Main Hoop and the Main Hoop Braces must be 30° or more.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop Braces must be straight, without any bends.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.9.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.9.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop Braces must be: a. Securely integrated into the Frame b. Capable of transmitting all loads from the Main Hoop into the Major Structure of the Chassis without failing

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.10 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.5.10 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Head Restraint Protection An additional frame member may be added to meet T.2.8.3.b

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.10.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.5.10.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

If used, the Head Restraint Protection frame member must: a. Attach to the nodes where the Main Hoop Braces F.5.9.2 connect to the Main Hoop b. Be constructed of a single piece of uncut, continuous, closed section steel tubing meeting F.3.2.1.h c. Meet F.5.2.1 and F.5.2.2, as applicable (does not need to meet F.5.2.3)

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.10.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 51 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Must not have line of sight to the driver, with the Firewall installed or removed F.10.5 Attachment F.10.5.1 Attachment of the Accumulator Container must be documented in the SES F.10.5.2 Accumulator Containers must : a. Attach to the Major Structure of the chassis A maximum of two attachment points may be on a chassis tube between two triangulated nodes. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.10.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Head Restraint or mounting T.2.8 must not attach to the Head Restraint Protection

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.11.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.5.11.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Any item which meets all three of: • Located outside the Component Envelope F.1.15 • Located above 350 mm from the ground • Could load the Main Hoop, Main Hoop Brace, or Shoulder Harness Mounting during a rollover

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.11.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.11.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

External Items must meet one of the two conditions: a. Be attached at a Hoop to Brace node or a fully Triangulated structural node without the ability to create a moment at the node b. When not attached at a node as described above, then: • Additional Structural bracing meeting F.3.2.1.o must be added to prevent bending loads • Additional calculations must be performed to show the member will not fail in bending or shear, even if unbraced

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.11.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.11.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

External Items should not point at the driver

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.5.12.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

When Roll Hoop Bracing is mechanically attached: a. The threaded fasteners used to secure non permanent joints are Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2. Additional requirements apply in F.5.12.5 and F.5.12.7 b. No spherical rod ends are allowed. c. The attachment holes in the lugs, the attached bracing and the sleeves and tubes must be a close fit with the pin or bolt.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.12.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Any non permanent joint at the end(s) must be a Double Lug Joint or a Sleeved Butt Joint

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.12.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

For Double Lug Joints, each lug must: a. Be minimum 4.5 mm (0.177 in) thickness steel b. Measure 25 mm minimum perpendicular to the axis of the bracing c. Be as short as practical along the axis of the bracing.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.12.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

All Double Lug Joints, whether fitted parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the tube, must include a capping arrangement

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.12.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In a Double Lug Joint the pin or bolt must be 10 mm Metric Grade 9.8 or 3/8 in SAE Grade 8 minimum diameter and grade. See F.5.12.1 above

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.12.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

For Sleeved Butt Joints, the sleeve must: a. Have a minimum length of 75 mm; 37.5 mm to each side of the joint b. Be external to the base tubes, with a close fit around the base tubes. c. Have a wall thickness of 2.0 mm or more

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.12.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.12.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In a Sleeved Butt Joint, the bolts must be 6 mm Metric Grade 9.8 or 1/4 in SAE Grade 8 minimum diameter and grade. See F.5.12.1 above

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.13.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.5.13.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Where the braces are not welded to steel Frame Members, the braces must be securely attached to the Frame using 8 mm or 5/16” minimum diameter Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.13.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.1 Primary Structure F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following: • Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4 • Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5 • Composite M aterial F.4 F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite types must: a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1 b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.13.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Mounting plates welded to Roll Hoop Bracing must be 2.0 mm (0.080 in) minimum thickness steel.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.14 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.5.14 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact. The protective structure must: a. Meet F.3.2.1.n or Equivalent b. Extend to the vertical limit of the steering component(s) c. Extend to the local width of the Chassis

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.15 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.15 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Other Side Tube Requirements If there is a Roll Hoop Brace or other frame tube alongside the driver, at the height of the neck of any of the team’s drivers, a metal tube or piece of sheet metal must be attached to the Frame This is intended to prevent the drivers’ shoulders from passing under the Roll Hoop Brace or frame tube, and the driver’s neck contacting this brace or tube.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.16 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.5.16 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Component Protection When specified in the rules, components must be protected by one or both of: a. Fully Triangulated structure with tubes meeting F.3.2.1.n b. Structure Equivalent to the above, as determined per F.4.1.3

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS GR - General Regulations . . . . 5 GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5 GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6 GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6 GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7 GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7 GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8 GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9 GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9 GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10 AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11 AD. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY GR.2.1 General Authority SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event or the Formula SAE series as a whole. GR.2.2 Right to Impound GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or part of the vehicle at any time during a competition . GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted . GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. ``` What does rule F.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Front Bulkhead The Front Bulkhead must be constructed of closed section tubing meeting F.3.2.1.a

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS GR - General Regulations . . . . 5 GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5 GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6 GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6 GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7 GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7 GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8 GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9 GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9 GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10 AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11 AD. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY GR.2.1 General Authority SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event or the Formula SAE series as a whole. GR.2.2 Right to Impound GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or part of the vehicle at any time during a competition . GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted . GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Frame Members of the Front Bulkhead Support system must be constructed of closed section tubing meeting F.3.2.1.b

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . 39 F.8 Front Chassis Protection . . . . 43 F.9 Fuel System (IC Only) . . . . 48 F.10 Accumulator Container (EV Only) . . . . 49 F.11 Tractive System (EV Only) . . . . 52 T - Technical Aspects . . . . 54 T.1 Cockpit . . . . . 54 T.2 Driver Accommodation . . . . 58 T.3 Brakes . . . . . 63 T.4 Electronic Thro ttle Components . . . . 64 T.5 Powertrain . . . . . 66 Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Bulkhead must be securely integrated into the Frame.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS GR - General Regulations . . . . 5 GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5 GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6 GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6 GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7 GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7 GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8 GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9 GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9 GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10 AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11 AD. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. ``` What does rule F.6.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Bulkhead must be supported back to the Front Hoop by a minimum of three Frame Members on each side of the vehicle; an upper member; lower member and diagonal brace to provide Triangulation. a. The upper support member must be attached 50 mm or less from the top surface of the Front Bulkhead, and attach to the Front Hoop inside a zone extending 100 mm above and 50 mm below the Upper Side Impact member. b. If the upper support member is further than 100 mm above the Upper Side Impact member, then properly Triangulated bracing is required to transfer load to the Main Hoop by one of: • the Upper Side Impact member • an additional member transmitting load from the junction of the Upper Support Member with the Front Hoop c. The lower support member must be attached to the base of the Front Bulkhead and the base of the Front Hoop. d. The diagonal brace must properly Triangulate the upper and lower support members

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.2.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS GR - General Regulations . . . . 5 GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5 GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6 GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6 GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7 GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7 GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8 GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9 GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9 GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10 AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11 AD. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY GR.2.1 General Authority SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event or the Formula SAE series as a whole. GR.2.2 Right to Impound GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or part of the vehicle at any time during a competition . GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted . GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. ``` What does rule F.6.2.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Each of the above members may be multiple or bent tubes provided the requirements of F.5.2 are met.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.2.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.2.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Examples of acceptable configurations of members may be found in the SES

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Front Hoop Braces must be constructed of material meeting F.3.2.1.d

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop must be supported by two Braces extending in the forward direction, one on each of the left and right sides of the Front Hoop.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop Braces must be constructed to protect the driver’s legs and should extend to the structure in front of the driver’s feet.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop Braces must be attached as near as possible to the top of the Front Hoop but not more than 50 mm below the top-most surface of the Front Hoop. See figure following F.5.9.6 above

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.3.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.3.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

If the Front Hoop above the Upper Side Impact Structure leans rearwards by more than 10° from the vertical, it must be supported by additional rearward Front Hoop Braces to a fully Triangulated structural node.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.3.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 38 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.6.2.4 Each of the above members may be multiple or bent tubes provided the requirements of F.5.2 are met. F.6.2.5 Examples of acceptable configurations of members may be found in the SES F.6.3 Front Hoop Bracing F.6.3.1 Front Hoop Braces must be constructed of material meeting F.3.2.1.d F.6.3.2 The F ront Hoop must be supported by two Braces extending in the forward direction, one on each of the left and right sides of the Front Hoop. F.6.3.3 The Front Hoop Braces must be constructed to protect the driver’s legs and should extend to the structure in front of the driver’s feet. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.3.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop Braces must be straight, without any bends

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Frame Members of the Side Impact Structure must be constructed of closed section tubing meeting F.3.2.1.e or F.3.2.1.f, as applicable

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

With proper Triangulation, Side Impact Structure members may be fabricated from more than one piece of tubing.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Side Impact Structure must be comprised of three or more tubular members located on each side of the driver while seated in the normal driving position

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.4.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.4.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Upper Side Impact Member must: a. Connect the Main Hoop and the Front Hoop. b. Be entirely in a zone that is parallel to the ground between 240 mm and 320 mm above the lowest point of the top surface of the Lower Side Impact Member

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.4.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.4.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Lower Side Impact Structure member must connect the bottom of the Main Hoop and the bottom of the Front Hoop.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.4.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.4.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Diagonal Side Impact Member must: a. Connect the Upper Side Impact Member and Lower Side Impact Member forward of the Main Hoop and rearward of the Front Hoop b. Completely Triangulate the bays created by the Upper and Lower Side Impact Members.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Shoulder Harness Mounting Bar must: a. Be a single piece of uncut, continuous, closed section steel tubing that meets F.3.2.1.k b. Attach to the Main Hoop on both sides of the chassis

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Bent Shoulder Harness Mounting Bars must: a. Meet F.5.2.1 and F.5.2.2 b. Have bracing members attached at the bend(s) and to the Main Hoop. • Material for this Shoulder Harness Mounting Bar Bracing must meet F.3.2.1.l • The included angle in side view between the Shoulder Harness Bar and the braces must be no less than 30°.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE competitions. GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY GR.3.1 Rules Compliance By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals, faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies. GR.3.2 Student Project By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the student project. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.6.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Shoulder Harness Mounting Bar should be loaded only by the Shoulder Harness The Head Restraint, Firewall, driver’s seat and light bodywork may attach to the mounting bar

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY GR.2.1 General Authority SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event or the Formula SAE series as a whole. GR.2.2 Right to Impound GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or part of the vehicle at any time during a competition . GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted . GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Frame Members of the Main Hoop Bracing Support system must be constructed of closed section tubing meeting F.3.2.1.i

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.6.6.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY GR.2.1 General Authority SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event or the Formula SAE series as a whole. GR.2.2 Right to Impound GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or part of the vehicle at any time during a competition . GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted . GR.2.3 Problem Resolution Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers and the decision will be final. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. 6.1.9 The driver must be protected from failure of the cylinder/tank and regulator T.6.2 High Pressure Hydraulic Pumps and Lines This section T.6.2 does not apply to Brake lines or hydraulic clutch lines T.6.2.1 The driver and anyone standing outside the vehicle must be shielded from any hydraulic pumps and lines with line pressures of 2100 kPa or higher. T.6.2.2 The shields must be steel or aluminum with a minimu m thickness of 1 mm. T.7 BODYWORK AND AERODYNAMIC DEVICES T.7.1 Aerodynamic Devices T.7.1.1 Aerodynamic Device A part on the vehicle which guides airflow for purposes including generation of downforce and/or change of drag. Examples include but are not limited to: wings, undertray, splitter, endplates, vanes T.7.1.2 No power device may be used to move or remove air from under the vehicle . The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.6.6.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The lower end of the Main Hoop Braces must be supported back to the Main Hoop by a minimum of two Frame Members on each side of the vehicle: an upper member and a lower member in a properly Triangulated configuration. a. The upper support member must attach to the node where the upper Side Impact Member attaches to the Main Hoop. b. The lower support member must attach to the node where the lower Side Impact Member attaches to the Main Hoop. c. Each of the above members may be multiple or bent tubes provided the requirements of F.5.2 are met. d. Examples of acceptable configurations of members may be found in the SES.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS GR - General Regulations . . . . 5 GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5 GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6 GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6 GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7 GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7 GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8 GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9 GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9 GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10 AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11 AD. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. ``` What does rule F.7.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Structural Equivalency Spreadsheet must show that the design is Equivalent to a welded frame in terms of energy dissipation, yield and ultimate strengths in bending, buckling and tension

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Composite and metallic monocoques have the same requirements

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. ``` What does rule F.7.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Corners between panels used for structural equivalence must contain core

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. ``` What does rule F.7.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

An inspection hole approximately 4mm in diameter must be drilled through a low stress location of every monocoque section regulated by the Structural Equivalency Spreadsheet This inspection hole is not required in the Vertical Side Impact Structure F.7.5.3.b

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.1.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.1.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Composite monocoques must: a. Meet the materials requirements in F.4 Composite and Other Materials b. Use data from the laminate testing results as the basis for any strength or stiffness calculations

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

When modeled as an “L” shaped section the EI of the Front Bulkhead about both vertical and lateral axis must be equivalent to that of the tubes specified for the Front Bulkhead per F.6.1

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The length of the section perpendicular to the Front Bulkhead may be a maximum of 25 mm measured from the rearmost face of the Front Bulkhead

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Any Front Bulkhead which supports the IA plate must have a perimeter shear strength equivalent to a 1.5 mm thick steel plate

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. ``` What does rule F.7.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

In addition to proving that the strength of the monocoque is sufficient, the monocoque must have equivalent EI to the sum of the EI of the six Steel Tubes (F.3.2.1.b) that it replaces.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The EI of the vertical side of the Front Bulkhead support structure must be equivalent to or more than the EI of one steel tube that it replaces when calculated as per F.4.4

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.7.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The perimeter shear strength of the monocoque laminate in the Front Bulkhead support structure must be 4 kN or more for a section with a diameter of 25 mm. This must be proven by a physical test completed per F.4.3.5 and the results included in the SES.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS DR.1 DOCUMENTATION DR.1.1 Requirements DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer. DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise identified by the organizer . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible ``` What does rule F.7.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop must be mechanically attached to the monocoque a. Front Hoop Mounting Plates must be the minimum thickness of the Front Hoop F.3.2.1.c b. The Front Hoop tube must be mechanically connected to the Mounting Plate with Mounting Plates parallel to both sides of the tube, with gussets from the Front Hoop tube along both sides of the mounting plate

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Front Hoop attachment to a monocoque must obey F.5.7.2 or F.7.8 within 25 mm of any bends and nodes that are not at the top center of the Front Hoop

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop may be fully laminated into the monocoque if: a. The Front Hoop has core fit tightly around its entire circumference. Expanding foam is not permitted b. Equivalence to six or more mounts compliant with F.7.8 must show in the SES c. A small gap in the laminate (approximately 25 mm) exists for inspection of the Front Hoop F.5.7.6

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.4.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.4.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Adhesive must not be the sole method of attaching the Front Hoop to the monocoque

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Side Impact Zone - the region longitudinally forward of the Main Hoop and aft of the Front Hoop consisting of the combination of a vertical section up to 320 mm above the lowest point of the upper surface of the floor to the bottom surface of the floor of the monocoque and half the horizontal floor.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Side Impact Zone must have Equivalence to the three (3) Steel Tubes (F.3.2.1.e) that it replaces

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The portion of the Side Impact Zone that is vertically between the upper surface of the floor and 320 mm above the lowest point of the upper surface of the floor (see figure above) must have: a. Equivalence to minimum two (2) Steel Tubes (F.3.2.1.e) per F.4.4 b. No openings in Side View between the Front Hoop and Main Hoop

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.5.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.5.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Horizontal floor Equivalence must be calculated per F.4.4

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.5.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 68 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.5.5.2 The vehicle must be capable of being tilted to a 45° angle without leaking fluid of any ty pe. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.5.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The perimeter shear strength of the monocoque laminate must be 7.5 kN or more for a section with a diameter of 25 mm. This must be proven by physical test completed per F.4.3.5 and the results included in the SES.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.6.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Main Hoop must be mechanically attached to the monocoque a. Main Hoop mounting plates must be 2.0 mm minimum thickness steel b. The Main Hoop tube must be mechanically connected to the mounting plate with 2.0 mm minimum thickness steel plates parallel to both sides of the tube, with gussets from the Main Hoop tube along both sides of the mounting plate

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.6.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. 6.1.9 The driver must be protected from failure of the cylinder/tank and regulator T.6.2 High Pressure Hydraulic Pumps and Lines This section T.6.2 does not apply to Brake lines or hydraulic clutch lines T.6.2.1 The driver and anyone standing outside the vehicle must be shielded from any hydraulic pumps and lines with line pressures of 2100 kPa or higher. T.6.2.2 The shields must be steel or aluminum with a minimu m thickness of 1 mm. T.7 BODYWORK AND AERODYNAMIC DEVICES T.7.1 Aerodynamic Devices T.7.1.1 Aerodynamic Device A part on the vehicle which guides airflow for purposes including generation of downforce and/or change of drag. Examples include but are not limited to: wings, undertray, splitter, endplates, vanes T.7.1.2 No power device may be used to move or remove air from under the vehicle . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.6.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Main Hoop attachment to a monocoque must obey F.7.8 within 25 mm of any bends and nodes that are below the top of the monocoque

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Roll Hoop Bracing Attachment Attachment of tubular Front or Main Hoop Bracing to the monocoque must obey F.7.8.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES AD.1.1 Rule Variations All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions. AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any released rules interpretations. AD.1.3 Official Languages The official language of the Formula SAE series is English. Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all competitions in the series. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Each attachment point between the monocoque or composite panels and the other Primary Structure must be able to carry a minimum load of 30 kN in any direction. a. When a Roll Hoop attaches in three locations on each side, the attachments must be located at the bottom, top, and a location near the midpoint mm 023 b. When a Roll Hoop attaches at only the bottom and a point between the top and the midpoint on each side, each of the four attachments must show load strength of 45 kN in all directions

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

If a tube frame ( F.6, F.11.2 ) meets the monocoque at the Attachments, the connection must obey one of the two: a. Parallel brackets attached to the two sides of the Main Hoop and the two sides of the Side Impact Structure b. Two mostly perpendicular brackets attached to the Main Hoop and the side and back of the monocoque

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the same eligibility requirements . AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams. AD.3.2 Age Team members must be minimum 18 years of age. AD.3.3 Driver’s License Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must hold a valid, government issued driver’s license. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The laminate, brackets, backing plates and inserts must have sufficient stiffness, shear area, bearing area, weld area and strength to carry the load specified in F.7.8.1 in any direction. Data obtained from the laminate perimeter shear strength test (F.4.3.5) must prove sufficient shear area is provided.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Proof that the brackets are sufficiently stiff must be documented in the SES.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Each attachment point requires no less than two 8 mm or 5/16” minimum diameter Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL F.1 DEFINITIONS F.1.1 Chassis The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems. This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a combination of composite and welded structures. F.1.2 Frame Member A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing. F.1.3 Monocoque A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels F.1.4 Main Hoop A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. F.1.5 Front Hoop A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

Each attachment point requires backing plates which meet one of: • Steel with a minimum thickness of 2 mm • Alternate materials if Equivalency is approved

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.7.8.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question: ``` . 16 DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16 DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17 V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19 V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19 V.2 Driver . . . . . 20 V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20 V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21 F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23 F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23 F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25 F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25 F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28 F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30 F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37 F.7 Monocoque . . . . . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68 T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69 T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71 T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72 VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74 VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74 VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74 VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76 IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78 IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78 IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78 IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80 IC. GR.1.3 Engineering Competition Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock . Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world. GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating, testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle. GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions. GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and manufacturability. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility - related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances. GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE GR.4.1 Rules Authority The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series. GR.4.2 Rules Validity GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the competition are the rules in effect for the competition. GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the rules by reference. GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website. GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part. GR.4.4 Rules Compliance GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE Online W ebsite to verify the current version. GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each competiti on they enter. GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the Formula SAE Rules by reference . As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use rules apply to Formula SAE participants. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS GR.7.1 Question Types Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs or that require new or novel rule interpretations. Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules. GR.7.2 Question Format GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include: • Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question • University name – no abbreviations • The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 GR.8.5 Protest Period Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the event to which the protest relates. GR.8.6 Decision The decision regarding any protest is final. GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals. GR.9.1.2 Information Sources The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of alternatives with their pros and cons. GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction. GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication Students should perform all fabrication tasks GR.9.2 Definitions GR.9.2.1 Competition Year The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS V.1 CONFIGURATION The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels that are not in a straight line. V.1.1 Open Wheel Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria: a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically above the wheel. b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side. c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight ahead. fabrication or as a consequence of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event V.2 DRIVER V.2.1 Accommodation V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female up to 95 th percentile male. • Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment. • Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 F.5.14 Steering Protection Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below) to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact . Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 71 of 140 Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023 c. Forward of the cente rline of the front wheel axles and outboard of two vertical planes parallel to the centerline of the chassis touching the inside of the front tires at the height of the hubs must be no higher than 250 mm above the ground T.7.7.2 Bodywork height is not restricted when the Bodywork is located: • Between the transverse vertical planes positioned at the front and rear axle centerlines • Inside two vertical fore and aft planes 400 mm outboar d from the centerline on each side of the vehicle T.8 FASTENERS T.8.1 Critical Fasten ers A fastener (bolt, screw , pin, etc ) used in a location specified in the applicable rule T.8.2 Critical Fastener Requirements T.8.2. EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may be made public. EV.4 COMPONENTS EV.4.1 Motors EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited. EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3 EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet F.11.1.3 , must: a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8 This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or knocked off the vehicle. b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet F.11.1.3 to the extent possible The driver must always be able to steer and brake the vehicle normally. D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle when the vehicle is being pushed D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation D.2.2 Fueling and Charging (IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location. ``` What does rule F.7.8.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words.

The Front Hoop Bracing, Main Hoop Bracing and Main Hoop Bracing Supports may use only one 10 mm or 3/8” minimum diameter Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2 as an alternative to F.7.8.5 above if the bolt is on the centerline of the bracing tube to prevent loading the bolt in bending, similar to the figure below.