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0 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.1 The Formula SAE Series . . . . 11
AD.2 Official Information Sources . . . . 11
AD.3 Individual Participation Requirements . . . 11
AD.4 Individual Registration Requirements . . . 12
AD.5 Team Advisors and Officers . . . . 12
AD.6 Competition Registration . . . . 13
AD.7 Competition Site . . . . 14
DR - Document Requirements . . . . 16
DR.1 Documentation . . . . . 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
```
What does rule V.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line. |
1 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.1 The Formula SAE Series . . . . 11
AD.2 Official Information Sources . . . . 11
AD.3 Individual Participation Requirements . . . 11
AD.4 Individual Registration Requirements . . . 12
AD.5 Team Advisors and Officers . . . . 12
AD.6 Competition Registration . . . . 13
AD.7 Competition Site . . . . 14
DR - Document Requirements . . . . 16
DR.1 Documentation . . . . . 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
```
What does rule V.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may enter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of, the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead. This keep out zone will extend laterally from the outside plane of the wheel/tire
to the inboard plane of the wheel/tire. |
2 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.1 The Formula SAE Series . . . . 11
AD.2 Official Information Sources . . . . 11
AD.3 Individual Participation Requirements . . . 11
AD.4 Individual Registration Requirements . . . 12
AD.5 Team Advisors and Officers . . . . 12
AD.6 Competition Registration . . . . 13
AD.7 Competition Site . . . . 14
DR - Document Requirements . . . . 16
DR.1 Documentation . . . . . 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Wheelbase
The vehicle must have a minimum wheelbase of 1525 mm |
3 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.1.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The track and center of gravity must combine to provide sufficient rollover stability. See
IN.9.2 |
4 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.1.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The smaller track of the vehicle (front or rear) must be no less than 75% of the larger track. |
5 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.1.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Ground clearance must be sufficient to prevent any portion of the vehicle except the tires
from touching the ground during dynamic events |
6 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 117 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
IN.14.2.3 Once the vehicle receives Inspection Approval , the ONLY modifications permitted to the
vehicle are the following:
• Adjustment of belts, chains and clutches
• Adjustment of brake bias
• Adjustment to engine / powertrain operating parameters, including fuel mixture and
ignition timing, and any software calibration changes
• Adjustment of the suspension
• Chang ing s prings, swa y bars and shims in the suspension
• Adjustment of Tire Pressure , subject to V.4.3.4
• Adjustment of wing or wing element(s) angle, but n ot the location T.7.1
• Replenishment of fluids
• Replacement of worn tires or brake pads. Replacement tires and brake pads must be
identical in material/composition/size to those presented and approved at Technical
Inspection.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.1.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The distance to the ground below the Lower Side Impact Structure ( F.6.4.5, F.7.5.1 ) at its
lowest point should be 75 mm or less |
7 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.1.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 117 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
IN.14.2.3 Once the vehicle receives Inspection Approval , the ONLY modifications permitted to the
vehicle are the following:
• Adjustment of belts, chains and clutches
• Adjustment of brake bias
• Adjustment to engine / powertrain operating parameters, including fuel mixture and
ignition timing, and any software calibration changes
• Adjustment of the suspension
• Chang ing s prings, swa y bars and shims in the suspension
• Adjustment of Tire Pressure , subject to V.4.3.4
• Adjustment of wing or wing element(s) angle, but n ot the location T.7.1
• Replenishment of fluids
• Replacement of worn tires or brake pads. Replacement tires and brake pads must be
identical in material/composition/size to those presented and approved at Technical
Inspection.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.1.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Intentional or excessive ground contact of any portion of the vehicle other than the tires will
forfeit a run or an entire dynamic event
The intent is that sliding skirts or other devices that by design, fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track surface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event |
8 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.2.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.1 The Formula SAE Series . . . . 11
AD.2 Official Information Sources . . . . 11
AD.3 Individual Participation Requirements . . . 11
AD.4 Individual Registration Requirements . . . 12
AD.5 Team Advisors and Officers . . . . 12
AD.6 Competition Registration . . . . 13
AD.7 Competition Site . . . . 14
DR - Document Requirements . . . . 16
DR.1 Documentation . . . . . 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
```
What does rule V.2.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5th percentile female
up to 95th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthropometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website. |
9 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.2.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.1 The Formula SAE Series . . . . 11
AD.2 Official Information Sources . . . . 11
AD.3 Individual Participation Requirements . . . 11
AD.4 Individual Registration Requirements . . . 12
AD.5 Team Advisors and Officers . . . . 12
AD.6 Competition Registration . . . . 13
AD.7 Competition Site . . . . 14
DR - Document Requirements . . . . 16
DR.1 Documentation . . . . . 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.2.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude. |
10 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.1 The Formula SAE Series . . . . 11
AD.2 Official Information Sources . . . . 11
AD.3 Individual Participation Requirements . . . 11
AD.4 Individual Registration Requirements . . . 12
AD.5 Team Advisors and Officers . . . . 12
AD.6 Competition Registration . . . . 13
AD.7 Competition Site . . . . 14
DR - Document Requirements . . . . 16
DR.1 Documentation . . . . . 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Visibility
a. The driver must have sufficient visibility to the front and sides of the vehicle
b. When seated in a normal driving position, the driver must have a minimum field of vision
of 100° to both sides
c. If mirrors are required for this rule, they must remain in place and adjusted to enable the
required visibility throughout all dynamic events. |
11 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
GR.9.2.2 First Year Vehicle
A vehicle which has, at minimum, a new ly built chassis and is in its initial Competition Year
GR.9.2.3 Second Year Vehicle
A vehicle which has competed in a previous Competition Year
GR.9.2.4 Third Year Vehicle
A vehicle which has competed in more than one previous Competition Year
GR.9.3 Formula SAE Competition Eligibility
GR.9.3.1 Only First Year Vehicles may enter the Formula SAE Competitions.
a. If there is any question about the status as a First Year Vehicle, the team must provide
additional information and/or evidence.
GR.9.3.2 Second Year Vehicles m ust not enter Formula SAE Competitions, unless permitted by the
organizer of the specific competition.
GR.9.3.3 Third Year Vehicles m ust not enter any Formula SAE Competitions
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seated. |
12 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
GR.9.2.2 First Year Vehicle
A vehicle which has, at minimum, a new ly built chassis and is in its initial Competition Year
GR.9.2.3 Second Year Vehicle
A vehicle which has competed in a previous Competition Year
GR.9.2.4 Third Year Vehicle
A vehicle which has competed in more than one previous Competition Year
GR.9.3 Formula SAE Competition Eligibility
GR.9.3.1 Only First Year Vehicles may enter the Formula SAE Competitions.
a. If there is any question about the status as a First Year Vehicle, the team must provide
additional information and/or evidence.
GR.9.3.2 Second Year Vehicles m ust not enter Formula SAE Competitions, unless permitted by the
organizer of the specific competition.
GR.9.3.3 Third Year Vehicles m ust not enter any Formula SAE Competitions
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit. |
13 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspection by direct view or by
removing any covers. |
14 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Fasteners in the Suspension system are Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2 |
15 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.1.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.1.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | All spherical rod ends and spherical bearings on the suspension and steering must be one of:
• Mounted in double shear
• Captured by having a screw/bolt head or washer with an outside diameter that is larger
than spherical bearing housing inside diameter. |
16 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The Steering Wheel must be mechanically connected to the front wheels |
17 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Electrically actuated steering of the front wheels is prohibited |
18 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 56 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.1.3.2 While the driver’s feet are touc hing the pedals, in side and front views, any part of the driver’s
feet or legs must not extend above or outside of the Major Structure of the Chassis.
T.1.3.3 All moving suspension and steering components and other sharp edges inside the cockpit
between the Front Hoop and a vertical plan e 100 mm rearward of the pedals must be covered
by a shield made of a solid material.
Moving components include, but are not limited to springs, shock absorbers, rocker arms, anti -
roll/sway bars, steering racks and steering column CV joints.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Steering systems must use a rigid mechanical linkage capable of tension and compression
loads for operation |
19 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The steering system must have positive steering stops that prevent the steering linkages from
locking up (the inversion of a four bar linkage at one of the pivots). The stops:
a. Must prevent the wheels and tires from contacting suspension, bodywork, or Chassis
during the track events
b. May be placed on the uprights or on the rack |
20 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 56 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.1.3.2 While the driver’s feet are touc hing the pedals, in side and front views, any part of the driver’s
feet or legs must not extend above or outside of the Major Structure of the Chassis.
T.1.3.3 All moving suspension and steering components and other sharp edges inside the cockpit
between the Front Hoop and a vertical plan e 100 mm rearward of the pedals must be covered
by a shield made of a solid material.
Moving components include, but are not limited to springs, shock absorbers, rocker arms, anti -
roll/sway bars, steering racks and steering column CV joints.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Allowable steering system free play is limited to seven degrees (7°) total measured at the
steering wheel. |
21 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 56 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.1.3.2 While the driver’s feet are touc hing the pedals, in side and front views, any part of the driver’s
feet or legs must not extend above or outside of the Major Structure of the Chassis.
T.1.3.3 All moving suspension and steering components and other sharp edges inside the cockpit
between the Front Hoop and a vertical plan e 100 mm rearward of the pedals must be covered
by a shield made of a solid material.
Moving components include, but are not limited to springs, shock absorbers, rocker arms, anti -
roll/sway bars, steering racks and steering column CV joints.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The steering rack must be mechanically attached to the Chassis F.5.14 |
22 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 56 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.1.3.2 While the driver’s feet are touc hing the pedals, in side and front views, any part of the driver’s
feet or legs must not extend above or outside of the Major Structure of the Chassis.
T.1.3.3 All moving suspension and steering components and other sharp edges inside the cockpit
between the Front Hoop and a vertical plan e 100 mm rearward of the pedals must be covered
by a shield made of a solid material.
Moving components include, but are not limited to springs, shock absorbers, rocker arms, anti -
roll/sway bars, steering racks and steering column CV joints.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Joints between all components attaching the Steering Wheel to the steering rack must be
mechanical and be visible at Technical Inspection. Bonded joints without a mechanical backup
are not permitted. |
23 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.8 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 56 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.1.3.2 While the driver’s feet are touc hing the pedals, in side and front views, any part of the driver’s
feet or legs must not extend above or outside of the Major Structure of the Chassis.
T.1.3.3 All moving suspension and steering components and other sharp edges inside the cockpit
between the Front Hoop and a vertical plan e 100 mm rearward of the pedals must be covered
by a shield made of a solid material.
Moving components include, but are not limited to springs, shock absorbers, rocker arms, anti -
roll/sway bars, steering racks and steering column CV joints.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.8 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Fasteners in the steering system are Critical Fasteners, see T.8.2 |
24 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.9 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 56 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.1.3.2 While the driver’s feet are touc hing the pedals, in side and front views, any part of the driver’s
feet or legs must not extend above or outside of the Major Structure of the Chassis.
T.1.3.3 All moving suspension and steering components and other sharp edges inside the cockpit
between the Front Hoop and a vertical plan e 100 mm rearward of the pedals must be covered
by a shield made of a solid material.
Moving components include, but are not limited to springs, shock absorbers, rocker arms, anti -
roll/sway bars, steering racks and steering column CV joints.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.9 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Spherical rod ends and spherical bearings in the steering must meet V.3.1.5 above |
25 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.2.10 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.2.10 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Rear wheel steering may be used.
a. Rear wheel steering must incorporate mechanical stops to limit the range of angular
movement of the rear wheels to a maximum of six degrees (6°).
b. The team must provide the ability for the steering angle range to be verified at Technical
Inspection with a driver in the vehicle.
c. Rear wheel steering may be electrically actuated. |
26 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | In any angular position, the Steering Wheel must meet T.1.4.4 |
27 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The Steering Wheel must be attached to the column with a quick disconnect. |
28 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The driver must be able to operate the quick disconnect while in the normal driving position
with gloves on. |
29 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.3.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.3.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The Steering Wheel must have a continuous perimeter that is near circular or near oval.
The outer perimeter profile may have some straight sections, but no concave sections. “H”,
“Figure 8”, or cutout wheels are not allowed. |
30 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Wheel Size
Wheels must be 203.2 mm (8.0 inches) or more in diameter. |
31 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.4.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Any wheel mounting system that uses a single retaining nut must incorporate a device to
retain the nut and the wheel if the nut loosens.
A second nut (jam nut) does not meet this requirement |
32 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 117 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
IN.14.2.3 Once the vehicle receives Inspection Approval , the ONLY modifications permitted to the
vehicle are the following:
• Adjustment of belts, chains and clutches
• Adjustment of brake bias
• Adjustment to engine / powertrain operating parameters, including fuel mixture and
ignition timing, and any software calibration changes
• Adjustment of the suspension
• Chang ing s prings, swa y bars and shims in the suspension
• Adjustment of Tire Pressure , subject to V.4.3.4
• Adjustment of wing or wing element(s) angle, but n ot the location T.7.1
• Replenishment of fluids
• Replacement of worn tires or brake pads. Replacement tires and brake pads must be
identical in material/composition/size to those presented and approved at Technical
Inspection.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.4.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Teams using modified lug bolts or custom designs must provide proof that Good Engineering
Practices have been followed in their design. |
33 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 117 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
IN.14.2.3 Once the vehicle receives Inspection Approval , the ONLY modifications permitted to the
vehicle are the following:
• Adjustment of belts, chains and clutches
• Adjustment of brake bias
• Adjustment to engine / powertrain operating parameters, including fuel mixture and
ignition timing, and any software calibration changes
• Adjustment of the suspension
• Chang ing s prings, swa y bars and shims in the suspension
• Adjustment of Tire Pressure , subject to V.4.3.4
• Adjustment of wing or wing element(s) angle, but n ot the location T.7.1
• Replenishment of fluids
• Replacement of worn tires or brake pads. Replacement tires and brake pads must be
identical in material/composition/size to those presented and approved at Technical
Inspection.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.4.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | If used, aluminum wheel nuts must be hard anodized and in pristine condition. |
34 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Tires
Vehicles may have two types of tires, Dry and Wet |
35 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.4.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Dry Tires
a. The tires on the vehicle when it is presented for Technical Inspection.
b. May be any size or type, slicks or treaded. |
36 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.4.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Wet Tires
Any size or type of treaded or grooved tire where:
• The tread pattern or grooves were molded in by the tire manufacturer, or were cut by
the tire manufacturer or appointed agent.
Any grooves that have been cut must have documented proof that this rule was met
• There is a minimum tread depth of 2.4 mm |
37 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
V.3 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
V.3.1 Suspension
V.3.1.1 The vehicle must have a fully operational suspension system with shock absorbers, front and
rear, with usable minimum wheel travel of 50 mm, with a driver seate d.
V.3.1.2 Officials may disqualify vehicles which do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system, or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for an autocross circuit.
V.3.1.3 All suspension mounting points must be visible at Technical Inspectio n by direct view or by
removing any covers.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.4.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Tire Set
a. All four Dry Tires and Wheels or all four Wet Tires and Wheels do not have to be
identical.
b. Once each tire set has been presented for Technical Inspection, any tire compound or
size, or wheel type or size must not be changed. |
38 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 117 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
IN.14.2.3 Once the vehicle receives Inspection Approval , the ONLY modifications permitted to the
vehicle are the following:
• Adjustment of belts, chains and clutches
• Adjustment of brake bias
• Adjustment to engine / powertrain operating parameters, including fuel mixture and
ignition timing, and any software calibration changes
• Adjustment of the suspension
• Chang ing s prings, swa y bars and shims in the suspension
• Adjustment of Tire Pressure , subject to V.4.3.4
• Adjustment of wing or wing element(s) angle, but n ot the location T.7.1
• Replenishment of fluids
• Replacement of worn tires or brake pads. Replacement tires and brake pads must be
identical in material/composition/size to those presented and approved at Technical
Inspection.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule V.4.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Tire Pressure
a. Tire Pressure must be in the range allowed by the manufacturer at all times.
b. Tire Pressure may be inspected at any time |
39 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule V.4.3.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule V.4.3.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Requirements for All Tires
a. Teams must not perform any hand cutting, grooving or modification of the tires.
b. Tire warmers are not allowed.
c. No traction enhancers may be applied to the tires at any time onsite at the competition. |
40 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Chassis
The fabricated structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures. |
41 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Frame Member
A minimum representative single piece of uncut, continuous tubing. |
42 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels |
43 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso. |
44 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
```
What does rule F.1.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in proximity to the steering wheel. |
45 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Roll Hoop(s)
Referring to both the Front Hoop AND the Main Hoop |
46 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Roll Hoop Bracing Supports
The structure from the lower end of the Roll Hoop Bracing back to the Roll Hoop(s). |
47 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.8 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.1.8 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Front Bulkhead
A planar structure that provides protection for the driver’s feet. |
48 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.9 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.9 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Impact Attenuator
A deformable, energy absorbing device located forward of the Front Bulkhead. |
49 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.10 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.10 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Primary Structure
The combination of the following components:
• Front Bulkhead and Front Bulkhead Support
• Front Hoop, Main Hoop, Roll Hoop Braces and Supports
• Side Impact Structure
• (EV Only) Tractive System Protection and Rear Impact Protection
• Any Frame Members, guides, or supports that transfer load from the Driver Restraint
System |
50 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.11 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
AD.2 OFFICIAL INFORMATION SOURCES
The following websites are referenced in these rule s. Refer to the websites for additional
information and resources.
AD.2.1 Event Website
The Event Website for Formula SAE is specific to each competition, refer to :
https://www.sae.org/attend/student -even ts
AD.2.2 FSAE Online Website
The FSAE Online website is at: http://fsaeonline.com/
AD.2.2.1 Documents, forms, and information are accessed from the “ Series Resources ” link
AD.2.2.2 Each registered team must have an account on the FSAE Online Website.
AD.2.2.3 Each team must have one or more persons as Team Capta in. The Team Captain must accept
Team Members.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.11 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Primary Structure Envelope
A volume enclosed by multiple tangent planes, each of which follows the exact outline of the
Primary Structure Frame Members |
51 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.12 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.1.12 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Major Structure
The portion of the Chassis that lies inside the Primary Structure Envelope, excluding the Main
Hoop Bracing and the portion of the Main Hoop above a horizontal plane located at the top of
the Upper Side Impact Member or top of the Side Impact Zone. |
52 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.13 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.13 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Rollover Protection Envelope
The Primary Structure plus a plane from the top of the Main Hoop to the top of the Front
Hoop, plus a plane from the top of the Main Hoop to the rearmost Triangulated structural
tube, or monocoque equivalent.
* If there are no Triangulated Structural members aft of the Main Hoop, the Rollover
Protection Envelope ends at the rear plane of the Main Hoop |
53 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.14 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 117 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
IN.14.2.3 Once the vehicle receives Inspection Approval , the ONLY modifications permitted to the
vehicle are the following:
• Adjustment of belts, chains and clutches
• Adjustment of brake bias
• Adjustment to engine / powertrain operating parameters, including fuel mixture and
ignition timing, and any software calibration changes
• Adjustment of the suspension
• Chang ing s prings, swa y bars and shims in the suspension
• Adjustment of Tire Pressure , subject to V.4.3.4
• Adjustment of wing or wing element(s) angle, but n ot the location T.7.1
• Replenishment of fluids
• Replacement of worn tires or brake pads. Replacement tires and brake pads must be
identical in material/composition/size to those presented and approved at Technical
Inspection.
```
What does rule F.1.14 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Tire Surface Envelope
The volume enclosed by tangent lines between the Main Hoop and the outside edge of each
of the four tires. |
54 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.15 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.14 Steering Protection
Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below)
to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact .
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.1.15 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Component Envelope
The area that is inside a plane from the top of the Main Hoop to the top of the Front
Bulkhead, plus a plane from the top of the Main Hoop to the rearmost Triangulated structural
tube, or monocoque equivalent. * see note in step F.1.13 above |
55 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.16 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.14 Steering Protection
Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below)
to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact .
```
What does rule F.1.16 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Buckling Modulus (EI)
Equal to E*I, where E = modulus of Elasticity, and I = area moment of inertia about the
weakest axis. |
56 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.17 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 9 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.7 RULES QUESTIONS
GR.7.1 Question Types
Designated o fficials will answer questions that are not already answered in the rules or FAQs
or that require new or novel rule interpretations.
Rules Questions may also be used to request approval, as specified in these rules.
GR.7.2 Question Format
GR.7.2.1 All Rules Questions must include:
• Full name and contact information of the person submitting the question
• University name – no abbreviations
• The specific competition your team has, or is planning to, enter.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.17 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Triangulation
An arrangement of Frame Members where all members and segments of members between
bends or nodes with Structural tubes form a structure composed entirely of triangles.
a. This is generally required between an upper member and a lower member, both of
which may have multiple segments requiring a diagonal to form multiple triangles.
b. This is also what is meant by “properly triangulated”. |
57 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.1.18 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.1.18 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Nonflammable Material
Metal or a Non Metallic material which meets UL94-V0, FAR25 or approved equivalent |
58 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Structural Equivalency Spreadsheet - SES |
59 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 6 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.2 ORG ANIZER AUTHORITY
GR.2.1 General Authority
SAE International and the competition organizing bodies reserve the right to revise the
schedule of any competition and/or interpret or modify the competition rules at any time and
in any manner that is, in their sole judgment, required for the efficient operation of the event
or the Formula SAE series as a whole.
GR.2.2 Right to Impound
GR.2.2.1 SAE International and other competition organizing bodies may impound any onsite vehicle or
part of the vehicle at any time during a competition .
GR.2.2.2 Team access to the vehicle or impound may be restricted .
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.2.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The SES is a supplement to the Formula SAE Rules and may provide guidance or further details
in addition to those of the Formula SAE Rules. |
60 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The SES provides the means to:
a. Document the Primary Structure and show compliance with the Formula SAE Rules
b. Determine Equivalence to Formula SAE Rules using an accepted basis |
61 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | All teams must submit a Structural Equivalency Spreadsheet (SES) as given in section DR -
Document Requirements |
62 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Equivalency in the structural context is determined and documented with the methods in the
SES |
63 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Any Equivalency calculations must prove Equivalency relative to Steel Tubing in the same
application |
64 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
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Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
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Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
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Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The properties of tubes and laminates may be combined to prove Equivalence.
For example, in a Side Impact Structure consisting of one tube per F.3.2.1.e and a laminate
panel, the panel only needs to be Equivalent to two Side Impact Tubes. |
65 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Tolerance
Tolerance on dimensions given in the rules is allowed and is addressed in the SES. |
66 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.2.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
. . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . . 39
F.8 Front Chassis Protection . . . . 43
F.9 Fuel System (IC Only) . . . . 48
F.10 Accumulator Container (EV Only) . . . . 49
F.11 Tractive System (EV Only) . . . . 52
T - Technical Aspects . . . . 54
T.1 Cockpit . . . . . 54
T.2 Driver Accommodation . . . . 58
T.3 Brakes . . . . . 63
T.4 Electronic Thro ttle Components . . . . 64
T.5 Powertrain . . . . . 66
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.2.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Fabrication
Vehicles must be fabricated in accordance with the design, materials, and processes described
in the SES. |
67 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
```
What does rule F.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Dimensions
Diameter and Wall Thickness values provided in this Section F.3 are based on dimensions for
commonly available tubing. |
68 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.2.3 Problem Resolution
Any problems that arise d uring the competition will be resolved through the onsite organizers
and the decision will be final.
GR.2.4 Restriction on Vehicle Use
SAE International, competition organizer(s) and officials are not responsible for use of vehicles
designed in compliance with th ese Formula SAE Rules outside of the official Formula SAE
competitions.
GR.3 TEAM RESPONSIBILITY
GR.3.1 Rules Compliance
By registering for a Formula SAE competition, the team, members of the team as individuals,
faculty advisors and other personnel of the enteri ng university agree to comply with, and be
bound by, these rules and all rule interpretations or procedures issued or announced by SAE
International , the Formula SAE Rules Committee and the other organizing bodies.
GR.3.2 Student Project
By registering for an y university program, the University registered assumes liability of the
student project.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
```
What does rule F.3.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Definition
Any tubing which does NOT meet F.3.2.1.o Structural Tubing |
69 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule F.3.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Applicability
Non Structural Tubing is ignored when assessing compliance to any rule |
70 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.3.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Properties for ANY steel material for calculations submitted in an SES must be:
a. Non Welded Properties for continuous material calculations:
Young’s Modulus (E) = 200 GPa (29,000 ksi)
Yield Strength (Sy) = 305 MPa (44.2 ksi)
Ultimate Strength (Su) = 365 MPa (52.9 ksi)
b. Welded Properties for discontinuous material such as joint calculations:
Yield Strength (Sy) = 180 MPa (26 ksi)
Ultimate Strength (Su) = 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) |
71 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
D.3.2.2 The organizer may specify additional restrictions for the Staging Area. These could include
limiting the number of team members and what may be br ought into the area.
D.3.2.3 The organizer may establish requirements for persons in the Dynamic Area, such as closed toe
shoes or long pants.
D.3.3 Driving Under Power
D.3.3.1 Vehicles m ust move under their own power only when inside the designated Dynamic Area(s),
unless otherwise directed by the officials.
D.3.3.2 Driving a vehicle outside of scheduled ev ents or scheduled practice will result in a 200 point
penalty for the first violation and disqualification for a second violation.
D.3.4 Driving Offsite - Prohibited
Teams found to have driven their vehicle at an offsite location during the period of the
compet ition will be excluded from the competition.
```
What does rule F.3.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Where Welded tubing reinforcements are required (such as inserts for bolt holes or material
to support suspension cutouts), Equivalence of the Welded tube and reinforcement must be
shown to the original Non Welded tube in the SES |
72 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.3.5.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Alternative Materials may be used for applications shown as permitted in F.3.2.1 |
73 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.3.5.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | If any Alternative Materials are used, the SES must contain:
a. Documentation of material type, (purchase receipt, shipping document or letter of
donation) and the material properties.
b. Calculations that show equivalent to or better than the minimum requirements for steel
tubing in the application as listed in F.3.4.1 for yield and ultimate strengths matching the
Non Welded Steel properties from F.3.4.2.a above in bending, buckling and tension, for
buckling modulus and for energy dissipation
c. Details of the manufacturing technique and process |
74 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.3.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.14 Steering Protection
Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below)
to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact .
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.3.5.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Aluminum Tubing
a. Minimum Wall Thickness for Aluminum Tubing: Non Welded 2.0 mm
Welded 3.0 mm
b. Non Welded properties for aluminum alloy 6061-T6 for calculations in an SES must be:
Young’s Modulus (E) 69 GPa (10,000 ksi)
Yield Strength (Sy) 240 MPa (34.8 ksi)
Ultimate Strength (Su) 290 MPa (42.1 ksi)
c. Welded properties for aluminum alloy 6061-T6 for calculations in an SES must be:
Yield Strength (Sy) 115 MPa (16.7 ksi)
Ultimate Strength (Su) 175 MPa (25.4 ksi)
d. If welding is used on a regulated aluminum structure, the equivalent yield strength must
be considered in the “as welded” condition for the alloy used unless the team provides
detailed proof that the frame or component has been properly solution heat treated,
artificially aged, and not subject to heating during team manufacturing.
e. If aluminum was solution heat treated and age hardened to increase its strength after
welding, the team must supply evidence as to how the process was performed.
This includes, but is not limited to, the heat treating facility used, the process applied,
and the fixturing used. |
75 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.4 Any rules, questions , or resolutions from previous years ar e not valid for the current
competition year.
GR.4.3 Rules Alterations
GR.4.3.1 The Formula SAE rules may be revised, updated, or amended at any time
GR.4.3.2 Official designated announcements from the Formula SAE Rules Committee, SAE International
or the other organizing bo dies are to be considered part of, and have the same validity as,
these rules.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Requirements
If any composite or other material is used, the SES must contain: |
76 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
```
What does rule F.4.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Documentation of material type, (purchase receipt, shipping document or letter of donation)
and the material properties. |
77 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
```
What does rule F.4.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Details of the manufacturing technique and/or composite layup technique as well as the
structural material used (examples - cloth type, weight, and resin type, number of layers, core
material, and skin material if metal). |
78 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.1.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Calculations that show equivalence of the structure to one of similar geometry made to meet
the minimum requirements for a structure made from steel tubing per F.3.2. Equivalency
calculations must be submitted for energy dissipation, yield and ultimate strengths in bending,
buckling, and tension. |
79 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.4 Any rules, questions , or resolutions from previous years ar e not valid for the current
competition year.
GR.4.3 Rules Alterations
GR.4.3.1 The Formula SAE rules may be revised, updated, or amended at any time
GR.4.3.2 Official designated announcements from the Formula SAE Rules Committee, SAE International
or the other organizing bo dies are to be considered part of, and have the same validity as,
these rules.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
```
What does rule F.4.1.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Construction dates of the test panel(s) and monocoque, and approximate age(s) of the
materials used.
The intent is for the test panel to use the same material batch, material age, material storage,
and student layup quality as the monocoque. |
80 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.4 Any rules, questions , or resolutions from previous years ar e not valid for the current
competition year.
GR.4.3 Rules Alterations
GR.4.3.1 The Formula SAE rules may be revised, updated, or amended at any time
GR.4.3.2 Official designated announcements from the Formula SAE Rules Committee, SAE International
or the other organizing bo dies are to be considered part of, and have the same validity as,
these rules.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
```
What does rule F.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Quasi-Isotropic Layup
A layup with equal fiber strength and stiffness along any orientation in the plane of the layup.
a. When a layup has equal fiber properties and mass in the 0/90/+45/-45 directions, the
layup may be considered Quasi-Isotropic |
81 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Testing Requirements
a. Any tested samples must be engraved with the construction date, sample name, and
peak test force.
b. The same set of test results must not be used for different monocoques in different
years.
The intent is for the test panel to use the same material batch, material age, material storage,
and student layup quality as the monocoque. |
82 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Primary Structure Laminate Testing
Teams must build new representative test panels for each ply schedule used in the regulated
regions of the new chassis as a flat panel and perform a 3 point bending test on these panels.
Refer to F.4.3.4
a. Test panels must:
• Measure one of the two options: 138 mm x 500 mm OR 275 mm x 500 mm
• Be supported by a span distance of 400 mm
• Have equal surface area for the top and bottom skin
• Have bare edges, without skin material
b. The SES must include:
• Data from the 3 point bending tests
• Pictures of the test samples
• A picture of the test sample and test setup showing a measurement documenting
the supported span distance used in the SES
c. Test panel results must be used to derive stiffness, yield strength, ultimate strength and
absorbed energy properties by the SES formula and limits for the purpose of calculating
laminate panels equivalency corresponding to Primary Structure regions of the chassis.
d. Test panels must use the thickest core associated with each skin layup.
Designs may use core thickness that is 50% - 100% of the test panel core thickness
associated with each skin layup.
e. Calculation of derived properties must use the part of test data where deflection is 50
mm or less
f. Calculation of absorbed energy must use the integral of force times displacement |
83 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Comparison Test
Teams must make an equivalent test that will determine any compliance in the test rig and
establish an absorbed energy value of the baseline tubes.
a. The comparison test must use two Side Impact steel tubes (F.3.2.1.e)
b. The steel tubes must be tested to a minimum displacement of 19.0 mm
c. The calculation of absorbed energy must use the integral of force times displacement
from the initiation of load to a displacement of 19.0 mm |
84 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.4 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Test Conduct
a. The Laminate test F.4.3.2 and the Comparison test F.4.3.2e must use the same fixture
b. The load applicator used to test any panel/tubes as required in this section F.4.3 must
be:
• Metallic
• Radius 50 mm
c. The load applicator must overhang the test piece to prevent edge loading
d. Any other material must not be placed between the load applicator and the items on test |
85 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Perimeter Shear Test
a. The Perimeter Shear Test must be completed by measuring the force required to push or
pull a 25 mm diameter flat punch through a flat laminate sample.
b. The sample must:
• Measure 100 mm x 100 mm minimum
• Have core and skin thicknesses identical to those used in the actual application
• Be manufactured using the same materials and processes
c. The fixture must support the entire sample, except for a 32 mm hole aligned coaxially
with the punch.
d. The sample must not be clamped to the fixture
e. The edge of the punch and hole in the fixture may include an optional fillet up to a
maximum radius of 1 mm.
f. The SES must include force and displacement data and photos of the test setup.
g. The first peak in the load-deflection curve must be used to determine the skin shear
strength; this may be less than the minimum force required by F.7.3.3 / F.7.5.5
h. The maximum force recorded must meet the requirements of F.7.3.3 / F.7.5.5 |
86 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.6 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Additional Testing
When a laminate schedule(s) are NOT a Quasi-Isotropic Layup (F.4.2):
a. Results from the 3 point bending test will be assigned to the 0 layup direction.
b. The monocoque must have the tested layup direction normal to the cross sections used
for Equivalence in the SES, with allowance for taper of the monocoque normal to the
cross section.
c. All material properties in the weakest direction must be 50% or more of those in the
strongest direction as calculated by the SES. |
87 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.3.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.4 Any rules, questions , or resolutions from previous years ar e not valid for the current
competition year.
GR.4.3 Rules Alterations
GR.4.3.1 The Formula SAE rules may be revised, updated, or amended at any time
GR.4.3.2 Official designated announcements from the Formula SAE Rules Committee, SAE International
or the other organizing bo dies are to be considered part of, and have the same validity as,
these rules.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 37 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.14 Steering Protection
Steering system racks or mounting components that are external (vertically above or below)
to the Primary Structure must be protected from frontal impact .
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.3.7 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Lap Joint Test
The Lap Joint Test measures the force required to pull apart a joint comprised of two laminate
samples that are bonded together.
a. Do two separate pull tests with different orientations of the adhesive joint:
• Parallel to the pull direction, with the adhesive joint in pure shear
• T peel normal to the pull direction, with the adhesive joint in peel
b. The samples used must:
• Have skin thicknesses identical to those used in the actual monocoque
• Be manufactured using the same materials and processes
• Have the same overlap as used in the regulated structure. No scaling is permitted.
c. The force and displacement data and photos of the test setup must be included in the
SES.
d. The shear strength of the bond must be more than the UTS of the skin |
88 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.4.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | When specified, the Equivalence of the chassis must be calculated as a flat panel with the
same composition as the chassis about the neutral axis of the laminate. |
89 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.2.4 Any rules, questions , or resolutions from previous years ar e not valid for the current
competition year.
GR.4.3 Rules Alterations
GR.4.3.1 The Formula SAE rules may be revised, updated, or amended at any time
GR.4.3.2 Official designated announcements from the Formula SAE Rules Committee, SAE International
or the other organizing bo dies are to be considered part of, and have the same validity as,
these rules.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.4.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The curvature of the panel and geometric cross section of the chassis must be ignored for
these calculations. |
90 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.4.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.4.4.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Calculations of Equivalence that do not reference this section F.4.4 may use the actual
geometry of the chassis. |
91 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | CHASSIS REQUIREMENTS
This section applies to all Chassis, regardless of material or construction |
92 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
```
What does rule F.5.1.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite Material F.4 |
93 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.1.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3, as applicable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5, F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent. |
94 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 16 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
DR - DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS
DR.1 DOCUMENTATION
DR.1.1 Requirements
DR.1.1.1 The documents supporting each vehicle must be submitted b efore the deadlines posted on
the Event Website or otherwise published by the organizer.
DR.1.1.2 The proced ures for submitting documents are published on the Event Website or otherwise
identified by the organizer .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.2.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | The minimum radius of any bend, measured at the tube centerline, must be three or more
times the tube outside diameter (3 x OD). |
95 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
. . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . . 39
F.8 Front Chassis Protection . . . . 43
F.9 Fuel System (IC Only) . . . . 48
F.10 Accumulator Container (EV Only) . . . . 49
F.11 Tractive System (EV Only) . . . . 52
T - Technical Aspects . . . . 54
T.1 Cockpit . . . . . 54
T.2 Driver Accommodation . . . . 58
T.3 Brakes . . . . . 63
T.4 Electronic Thro ttle Components . . . . 64
T.5 Powertrain . . . . . 66
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 2 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GR - General Regulations . . . . 5
GR.1 Formula SAE Competition Objective . . . . 5
GR.2 Organizer Authority . . . . 6
GR.3 Team Responsibility . . . . 6
GR.4 Rule s Authority and Issue . . . . 7
GR.5 Rules of Conduct . . . . . 7
GR.6 Rules Format and Use . . . . 8
GR.7 Rule s Questions . . . . . 9
GR.8 Protests . . . . . 9
GR.9 Vehicle Eligibility . . . . 10
AD - Administrati ve Regulations . . . . 11
AD.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.2.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Bends must be smooth and continuous with no evidence of crimping or wall failure. |
96 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.2.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | If a bent tube (or member consisting of multiple tubes that are not in a line) is used anywhere
in the Primary Structure other than the Roll Hoops (see F.5.6.2), an additional tube must be
attached to support it.
a. The support tube attachment point must be at the position along the bent tube where it
deviates farthest from a straight line connecting both ends
b. The support tube must terminate at a node of the chassis
c. The support tube for any bent tube (other than the Upper Side Impact Member or
Shoulder Harness Mounting Bar) must be:
• The same diameter and thickness as the bent tube
• Angled no more than 30° from the plane of the bent tube |
97 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.3.1 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Any holes in any regulated tubing (other than inspection holes) must be addressed on the SES. |
98 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 5 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 7 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
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GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
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AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
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V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
fabrication or as a consequence
of moving, contact the track s urface are prohibited and any unintended contact with the
ground which causes damage, or in the opinion of the Dynamic Event Officials could result in
damage to the track, will result in forfeit of a run or an entire dynamic event
V.2 DRIVER
V.2.1 Accommodation
V.2.1.1 The vehicle must be able to accommodate drivers of sizes ranging from 5 th percentile female
up to 95 th percentile male.
• Accommodation includes driver position, driver controls, and driver equipment.
• Anthr opometric data may be found on the FSAE Online Website.
V.2.1.2 The driver’s head and hands must not contact the ground in any rollover attitude.
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F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
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F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.3.2 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Technical Inspectors may check the compliance of all tubes. This may be done by ultrasonic
testing or by the drilling of inspection holes on request. |
99 | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Attached is the FSAE rules document. What does rule F.5.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | We are a student engineering team designing a vehicle for the FSAE competition. Below is context from the FSAE rule document which might or might not be relevant for the question:
```
. 16
DR.2 Submission Details . . . . 16
DR.3 Submission Penalties . . . . 17
V - Vehicle Requirements . . . . 19
V.1 Configuration . . . . . 19
V.2 Driver . . . . . 20
V.3 Suspension and Steering . . . . 20
V.4 Wheels and Tires . . . . 21
F - Chassis and Structural . . . . 23
F.1 Definitions . . . . . 23
F.2 Documentation . . . . . 25
F.3 Tubing and Material . . . . 25
F.4 Composite a nd Other Materials . . . . 28
F.5 Chassis Requirements . . . . 30
F.6 Tube Frames . . . . . 37
F.7 Monocoque . . . . .
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 3 of 140
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T.6 Pressurized Systems ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 68
T.7 Bodywork and Aerodynamic Devices ................................ ................................ ................................ . 69
T.8 Fasteners . . . . . 71
T.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . 72
VE - Vehicle and Driver Equipment . . . . 74
VE.1 Vehicle Identification . . . . 74
VE.2 Vehicle Equipment . . . . 74
VE.3 Driver Equipment . . . . 76
IC - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles . . . 78
IC.1 General Requirements . . . . 78
IC.2 Air Intake System . . . . 78
IC.3 Throttle . . . . . 80
IC.
GR.1.3 Engineering Competition
Formula SAE® is an engineering education competition that requires performance
demonstration of vehicles in a seri es of events, both off track and on track against the clock .
Each competition give s teams the chance to demonstrate their creativity and engineering
skills in comparison to teams from other universities around the world.
GR.1.4 Vehicle Design Objectives
GR.1.4.1 Teams are to assume that they work for an engineering firm that is designing, fabricating,
testing and demonstrating a prototype vehicle.
GR.1.4.2 The vehicle should have high performance and be sufficiently durable to successfully complete
all the event s at the Formula SAE competitions.
GR.1.4.3 Additional design factors include: aesthetics, cost, ergonomics, maintainability, and
manufacturability.
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GR - GENERAL RE GULATIONS
GR.1 FORMULA SAE COMPETITION OBJECTIVE
GR.1.1 Collegiate Design Series
SAE International's Collegiate Design Series (CDS) programs prepare undergraduate and
graduate engineering students in a variety of disciplines for future employment in mobility -
related industries by challenging them with a real world, engineering application.
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GR.3.5.3 There are no makeups for missed appearances.
GR.4 RULES AUTHORITY AND ISSUE
GR.4.1 Rules Authority
The Formula SAE Rules are the responsibility of the Formu la SAE Rules Committee and are
issued under the authority of the SAE International Collegiate Design Series.
GR.4.2 Rules Validity
GR.4.2.1 The Formula SAE Rules posted on the website and dated for the calendar year of the
competition are the rules in effect for the competition.
GR.4.2.2 Rules appendices or supplements may be posted on the website and incorporated into the
rules by reference.
GR.4.2.3 Additional guidance or reference documents may be posted on the website.
GR.4.3.3 Draft rules or proposals may be issued for comments, however they are a courtesy, are not
valid for any competitions, and may or may not be implemented in whole or in part.
GR.4.4 Rules Compliance
GR.4.4.1 All participants must comply with the latest issue of the Formula SAE R ules. Refer to the FSAE
Online W ebsite to verify the current version.
GR.4.4.2 Teams and team members must comply with the general rules and any specific rules for each
competiti on they enter.
GR.4.4.3 Any regulations pertaining to the use of the competition site by teams or individuals and
which are posted, announced and/or otherwise publicly available are incorporated into the
Formula SAE Rules by reference .
As examples, all compet ition site waiver requirements, speed limits, parking and facility use
rules apply to Formula SAE participants.
GR.9.1.2 Information Sources
The student team may use any literature or knowledge related to design and informatio n from
professionals or from academics as long as the information is given as a discussion of
alternatives with their pros and cons.
GR.9.1.3 Professional Assistance
Professionals must not make design decisions or drawings. The Faculty Advisor may be
required to sign a statement of compliance with this restriction.
GR.9.1.4 Student Fabrication
Students should perform all fabrication tasks
GR.9.2 Definitions
GR.9.2.1 Competition Year
The period beginning at the event of the Formula SAE series where the vehicle first competes
and continuing until the start of the corresponding event held approximately 12 months later.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 10 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
GR.8.5 Protest Period
Protests concerning any aspect of the competition must be filed in the protest period
announced by the co mpetition organizers or 30 minutes of the posting of the scores of the
event to which the protest relates.
GR.8.6 Decision
The decision regarding any protest is final.
GR.9 VEHICLE ELIGIBILITY
GR.9.1 Student Developed Vehicle
GR.9.1.1 Vehicles entered into Formula SAE competitions must be conceived, designed, fabricated and
maintained by the student team members without direct involvement from professional
engineers, automotive engineers, racers, machinists or related professionals.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 11 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD - ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
AD.1 THE FORMULA SAE SERIES
AD.1.1 Rule Variations
All competitions in the Formula SAE Series may post rule vari ations specific to the operation of
the events in their countries. Vehicle design requirements and restrictions will remain
unchanged. Any rule variations will be posted on the websites specific to those competitions.
AD.1.2 Official Announcements and Competition Information
Teams must read the published announcements by SAE International and the other organizing
bodies and be familiar with all official announcements concerning the competitions and any
released rules interpretations.
AD.1.3 Official Languages
The official language of the Formula SAE series is English.
Document submissions, presentations and discussions in English are acceptable at all
competitions in the series.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 12 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
AD.3.1.3 Teams which are formed with members from two or more universities are treated as a single
team. A student at any university making up the team may compete at any competition
where the tea m participates. The multiple universities are treated as one university with the
same eligibility requirements .
AD.3.1.4 Each team member may participate at a competition for only one team. This includes
competitions where the University enters both IC and EV te ams.
AD.3.2 Age
Team members must be minimum 18 years of age.
AD.3.3 Driver’s License
Team members who will drive a competition vehicle at any time during a competition must
hold a valid, government issued driver’s license.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 19 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
V - VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
V.1 CONFIGURATION
The vehicle must be open wheeled and open cockpit (a formula style body) with four wheels
that are not in a straight line.
V.1.1 Open Wheel
Open Wheel vehicles must satisfy all of the following criteria:
a. The top 180° of the wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from vertically
above the wheel.
b. The wheels/tires must be unobstructed when viewed from the side.
c. No part of the vehicle may e nter a keep out zone defined by two lines extending
vertically from positions 75 mm in front of and 75 mm aft of , the outer diameter of the
front and rear tires in the side view elevation of the vehicle, with tires steered straight
ahead.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 23 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F - CHASSIS AND STRUCTURAL
F.1 DEFINITIONS
F.1.1 Chassis
The fabricat ed structural assembly that supports all functional vehicle systems.
This assembly may be a single fabricated structure, multiple fabricated structures or a
combination of composite and welded structures.
F.1.2 Frame Member
A minimum representative single piec e of uncut, continuous tubing.
F.1.3 Monocoque
A type of Chassis where loads are supported by the external panels
F.1.4 Main Hoop
A roll bar located alongside or immediately aft of the driver’s torso.
F.1.5 Front Hoop
A roll bar located above the driver’s legs, in prox imity to the steering wheel.
Formula SAE ® Rules 202 4 © 20 23 SAE International Page 31 of 140
Version 1.0 1 Sep 2023
F.5.1 Primary Structure
F.5.1.1 The Primary Structure must be constructed from one or a combination of the following:
• Steel Tubing and Material F.3.2 F.3.4
• Alternative Tubing Materials F.3.2 F.3.5
• Composite M aterial F.4
F.5.1.2 Any chassis design that combines the Tube Frame, Monocoque, tubing and/or composite
types must:
a. Meet all relevant requirements F.5.1.1
b. Show Equivalence F.2.3 , as app licable
c. Any connections must meet F.5.4, F.5.5 , F.7.8 as applicable, or Equivalent.
EV.3.5.4 The respective data of each run in which a team has a Violation and the resulting decision may
be made public.
EV.4 COMPONENTS
EV.4.1 Motors
EV.4.1.1 Only electrical motors are allowed. The number of motors is not limited.
EV.4.1.2 Motors must meet T.5.3
EV.4.1.3 If used, Outboard Wheel Motors , where the motor, attendant cables and wiring do not meet
F.11.1.3 , must:
a. Include a n Interlock EV.7.8
This Interlock(s) must Open the Shutdown Circuit EV.7.2.2 before failure of the T ractive
System wiring when the wiring is damaged or the Wheel/Motor assembly is damaged or
knocked off the vehicle.
b. Reduce the length of the portions of wiring and other connections that do not meet
F.11.1.3 to the extent possible
The driver must always be able
to steer and brake the vehicle normally.
D.2.1.3 When the Push Bar is attached , the engine must stay off, unless authorized by the officials
D.2.1.4 Vehicles must be Shutdown when being moved around the paddock
D.2.1.5 Vehicles with wings must have two team members , one walking on each side of the vehicle
when the vehicle is being pushed
D.2.1.6 A 25 point penalty may be ass essed for each violation
D.2.2 Fueling and Charging
(IC only) Officials must conduct al l fueling activities in the des ignated location.
```
What does rule F.5.3.3 state exactly? Answer with only the text of the rule and no other words. | Regulated tubing other than the open lower ends of Roll Hoops must have any open ends
closed by a welded cap or inserted metal plug. |