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QRQA-10125-5
When it gets hot out what happens to our blood flow?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "flow", "less_effect_prop": "flow", "less_cause_dir": "flow" }
QRQA-10166-1-flip
Peter found a cool rock very deep below the surface of some dirt. He knew the rock was _____.
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Fossils found at the lowest layer of rock would be the oldest, as these would have been buried for the longest time, whereas fossils found closer to the surface would be buried more recently and therefore be younger.
QRSent-10166
{ "effect_prop": "Age", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "dirt", "more_effect_prop": "age", "less_effect_prop": "age", "less_cause_dir": "age" }
QRQA-10399-1-flip
If Jim packs a fewer amount of packing peanuts into a jar, what happens to the density of the peanuts?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "dense we say they are", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tightly packed the particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "packing peanuts", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10146-1
Mike wants the current strength to be stronger, so mike will do this with the number of resistors
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As more resistors are added in parallel, the total current strength increases.
QRSent-10146
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "number of resistors", "more_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10038-4
Eric hit a ball as hard as he could. The next time, he hits it way less hard. The ball accelerates _____ the second time.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The harder the batter hits the ball, the greater will be its acceleration.
QRSent-10038
{ "effect_prop": "ball acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "harder the batter hits the ball" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "hit", "more_effect_prop": "accelerates", "less_effect_prop": "accelerates", "less_cause_dir": "accelerates" }
QRQA-10355-2
A larger boulder will roll down a hill _____ than a smaller one.
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both.
QRSent-10355
{ "effect_prop": "velocity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "boulder", "more_effect_prop": "roll", "less_effect_prop": "roll", "less_cause_dir": "roll" }
QRQA-10015-5
Jeff noticed the food supply changed over time in his city. The advent of farming machines likely caused the food supply to
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply and the distribution of food.
QRSent-10015
{ "effect_prop": "food supply", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farming machines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "food supply", "less_effect_prop": "food supply", "less_cause_dir": "food supply" }
QRQA-10030-3-flip
As the pressure in the atmosphere falls, the air temperature gets
{ "text": [ "warmer", "cooler or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10030
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "falls", "less_cause_prop": "air temperature", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pressure in the atmosphere", "less_cause_dir": "pressure in the atmosphere" }
QRQA-10092-2-flip
A rock has more mass than a pebble. Which object will exhibit a smaller force of attraction?
{ "text": [ "rock", "pebble" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of attraction; in addition, the greater the distance between objects, the smaller the force of attraction.
QRSent-10092
{ "effect_prop": "force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "mass of pebble", "more_effect_prop": "force of attraction", "less_effect_prop": "force of attraction", "less_cause_dir": "force of attraction" }
QRQA-10010-3
What is the gravitational effect on an object that is far from Earth by Earth?
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "gravitation force", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational effect", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational effect", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational effect" }
QRQA-10332-3-flip
Eric removed branching isomers from one solution, and left the other solution alone. The removed isomer solution now has a _____ boiling point.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are.
QRSent-10332
{ "effect_prop": "boiling point", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "branching in isomers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "branching isomers", "more_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_cause_dir": "boiling point" }
QRQA-10016-4
Mike wants his circuits to be able to have a higher resistance, so that the current decreases. In order to do this, he will consider his resistors and
{ "text": [ "increase them", "decrease them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We also saw that adding resistors to a series circuit increases the total resistance of the circuit, causing the current to decrease.
QRSent-10016
{ "effect_prop": "total resistance of circuits", "cause_dir_str": "adding", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors added" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "circuit resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10337-4
If Mona is running a race and her chest expands, what happens to the amount of air pressure in her lungs?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10337
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside the lungs", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "size of the chest" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of air pressure in her lungs", "less_effect_prop": "amount of air pressure in her lungs", "less_cause_dir": "amount of air pressure in her lungs" }
QRQA-10127-1-flip
Tommy traded in his four-cylinder Pinto for an eight-cylinder Mustang. The Mustang engine was
{ "text": [ "more powerful", "less powerful." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "Powerful engines", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Cylinders" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "cylinder", "more_effect_prop": "powerful", "less_effect_prop": "powerful", "less_cause_dir": "powerful" }
QRQA-10233-4
If we bring two large magnets next to each other they will have _____ force than two small magnets.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
QRSent-10233
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "two large magnets", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10128-1-flip
A stream in a state with a lower average elevation will have to do _____ cutting to reach base level that in a state with a higher average elevation.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, the higher the elevation, the farther the stream is from where it will reach base level and the more cutting it has to do.
QRSent-10128
{ "effect_prop": "cutting the stream must do to reach base level", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "elevation", "more_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_cause_dir": "cutting" }
QRQA-10269-4-flip
If Milo has just performed a hard workout and his body temperature decreases, what happens to the size of his blood vessels?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "blood vessels", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "body temperature", "more_effect_prop": "size of his blood vessels", "less_effect_prop": "size of his blood vessels", "less_cause_dir": "size of his blood vessels" }
QRQA-10015-2-flip
Jonah's family was barely getting any food when they plowed the field by hand, but when they got less machines to help, the food supply
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply and the distribution of food.
QRSent-10015
{ "effect_prop": "food supply", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farming techniques" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "machines", "more_effect_prop": "food supply", "less_effect_prop": "food supply", "less_cause_dir": "food supply" }
QRQA-10283-3
If Mona is breathing hard and her volume increases, what happens to the air pressure inside her lungs?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
During inhalation, because the chest volume is larger, the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than the air pressure outside.
QRSent-10283
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside the lungs", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10246-2
Joe's urine was almost clear; its water content was probably
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water in it", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darkness of the urine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "urine", "more_effect_prop": "water content", "less_effect_prop": "water content", "less_cause_dir": "water content" }
QRQA-10285-5
If the people in Mary's country start to create more greenhouse gases, what will happen to the possibility that changes may occur?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As greenhouse gases increase, changes will be more extreme.
QRSent-10285
{ "effect_prop": "changes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "changes", "less_effect_prop": "changes", "less_cause_dir": "changes" }
QRQA-10205-1-flip
The archaeologist was digging and saw that the oldest rocks were in layers that were
{ "text": [ "shallower", "deeper" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The upper rock layers are much younger.
QRSent-10205
{ "effect_prop": "younger", "cause_dir_str": "upper", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "oldest", "less_cause_prop": "layers", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_cause_dir": "rocks" }
QRQA-10187-3-flip
As we go closer to shore, we normally will encounter _____ dissolved nutrients.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "closeness of water to shore", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "nearer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dissolved nutrients" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "more_effect_prop": "shore", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10238-3
When humans tear down trees what happens to the population of the animals in the tree?
{ "text": [ "Lower", "Increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "forest" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "trees", "more_effect_prop": "animals", "less_effect_prop": "animals", "less_cause_dir": "animals" }
QRQA-10141-1-flip
If Mona is building some resistors and she makes them shorter, what happens to the resistance of them?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer length resistors will offer more resistance than shorter resistors.
QRSent-10141
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "length resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10225-2-flip
If Jim samples water that is close to the shore and water that is far from the shore, which sample will contain less nutrients?
{ "text": [ "water far from shore", "water near shore" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water near shore generally has more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10225
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Water near shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "nutrients" }
QRQA-10162-5-flip
When you dive into the shallow ocean pressure
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "Pressure", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Depth", "less_cause_dir": "Depth" }
QRQA-10080-3
If Mona is making lemonade and she increases the acidity of it by adding more lemons, what happens to its closeness to pH 0?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more acidic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 0
QRSent-10080
{ "effect_prop": "closer its pH value will be to 0", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acidic a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "ph value", "less_effect_prop": "ph value", "less_cause_dir": "ph value" }
QRQA-10353-1-flip
What will happen to Jim's muscle strength if he exercises less than he has in the past?
{ "text": [ "his muscles will become stronger", "his muscles will become weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Aerobic exercise increases the size and strength of muscles in the heart and helps all your muscles develop greater endurance.
QRSent-10353
{ "effect_prop": "muscle strength", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "exercise", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10327-2
Because of gluons, quarks are attracted each _____ strongly the farther apart they are.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Gluons make quarks attract each other more strongly the farther apart the quarks get.
QRSent-10327
{ "effect_prop": "stronger attractions because of gluons", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between quarks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more strongly", "less_effect_dir": "less strongly", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "attraction", "less_effect_prop": "attraction", "less_cause_dir": "attraction" }
QRQA-10162-2-flip
Milo loves to dive deep into the ocean. Does he experience less pressure diving at 10 meters or at 100 meters?
{ "text": [ "10 meters", "100 meters" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "meters", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10039-2
If Milo wants to encourage smaller pieces of sediment to drop on his lawn, what should he do to the slope of his lawn?
{ "text": [ "increase it", "decrease it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Smaller sediments are dropped as the slope becomes less steep.
QRSent-10039
{ "effect_prop": "sediments", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "slope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "slope", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sediment", "less_cause_dir": "sediment" }
QRQA-10023-3-flip
Paul started at the base of a mountain and climbed to its peak. The sky was clear and the sun was beating down on him all day. However, he noticed there was a clear temperature difference between the surface's temperature and the temperature at the top of the mountain peak. Where would he feel less heat?
{ "text": [ "Surface", "Mountain Peak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The surface is heated by the Sun and some of that heat radiates back into the air. This makes the temperature higher near the surface than at higher altitudes.
QRSent-10023
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "near the surface", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "near the surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Mountain Peak", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "heat", "less_cause_dir": "heat" }
QRQA-10268-5
Going higher in the mesosphere, we encounter _____ temperatures.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude in the mesosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10197-3-flip
The distance between the sixth and seventh planets from the sun should be _____ than the distance between the first and second planets.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, the farther away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planets orbit to the next.
QRSent-10197
{ "effect_prop": "distance between planets", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more distance", "less_effect_dir": "less distance", "less_cause_prop": "sun", "more_effect_prop": "planets", "less_effect_prop": "planets", "less_cause_dir": "planets" }
QRQA-10346-2-flip
Milo is swimming in the pool at the shallow end. Suddenly he decides to move to the deep end. What happens to the water as he swims shallower?
{ "text": [ "gets warmer", "gets colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water also gets colder as you go deeper.
QRSent-10346
{ "effect_prop": "Water also gets colder", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "colder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "colder", "less_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_cause_prop": "pool", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10026-2-flip
As Kyle examines how longitudinal waves work, he notes that these particular waves have a small amount of amplitude. Kyle now knows that it means that the particles of these particular longitudinal waves are
{ "text": [ "closer together", "farther apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "small amount", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10031-3-flip
What happens to a heavy car when it has the same power as a light car?
{ "text": [ "accelerates faster", "accelerates slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force.
QRSent-10031
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "accelerates", "less_effect_prop": "accelerates", "less_cause_dir": "accelerates" }
QRQA-10245-1-flip
Dan wanted to flick Carlos hard with a rubber band. To flick him the softest, Dan needs to move his hands
{ "text": [ "closer", "further away" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther apart you move your hands, the stronger the force of the rubber band pulling your hands together.
QRSent-10245
{ "effect_prop": "force of rubber band", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between hands" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "the softest", "less_cause_prop": "move his hands", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "flick", "less_cause_dir": "flick" }
QRQA-10382-4
Tina is drinking water. Tina blows faster and faster on the surface of the water. The faster she blows, the _____ the waves are.
{ "text": [ "smaller", "bigger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "bigger waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10313-2
If Mona is comparing two containers and she knows her jelly jar is larger then her baby food jar, which one contains more space?
{ "text": [ "jelly jar", "baby food jar" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the larger container we will still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are filling a much larger space.
QRSent-10313
{ "effect_prop": "larger space", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "larger container" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "space", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10385-3
Will increases the population of his model of the world's population. The amount of water scarcity, if no other variables are changed, will likely go
{ "text": [ "up", "down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many of the worlds people live with water scarcity, and that percentage will increase as populations increase and climate changes.
QRSent-10385
{ "effect_prop": "people live with water scarcity", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "up", "less_effect_dir": "down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_cause_dir": "water scarcity" }
QRQA-10249-4-flip
Michel watched the slow waves hit shore with power. The waves were _____.
{ "text": [ "big", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "Waves", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "big", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "speed", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10032-2
When it is night time the pupils in our eyes are _____ open than normal.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "pupil", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "light" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more open", "less_effect_dir": "less open", "less_cause_prop": "night", "more_effect_prop": "pupils in our eyes", "less_effect_prop": "pupils in our eyes", "less_cause_dir": "pupils in our eyes" }
QRQA-10323-2-flip
Max notices that the resistor is getting cooler. He is concerned that the resistor will offer
{ "text": [ "less resistance.", "more resistance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "cooler", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10123-5
If Milo cuts himself shaving and loses a lot of blood, what happens to his blood pressure?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10227-1-flip
If Jean's aquifer has sunk from the surface of the pool then the water is how easy to get into?
{ "text": [ "harder", "easier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer to the surface an aquifer is, the easier it is to get the water.
QRSent-10227
{ "effect_prop": "easy", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close to surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "easier", "less_effect_dir": "harder", "less_cause_prop": "the surface of the pool", "more_effect_prop": "the water", "less_effect_prop": "the water", "less_cause_dir": "the water" }
QRQA-10012-5-flip
Tony drives an SUV that contributes many greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Evan rides a scooter that contributes few greenhouses gases to the atmosphere. Who likely contributes less to the Earth heating up?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Evan" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up.
QRSent-10012
{ "effect_prop": "more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gases in the atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "contributes less", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gases", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Earth heating up", "less_cause_dir": "Earth heating up" }
QRQA-10109-5
Ian wants to produce less pollutants, so he buys a car that is a plug-in hybrid. The car will run on electricity better if it's plugged in for a
{ "text": [ "longer time", "shorter time" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids.
QRSent-10109
{ "effect_prop": "polluting", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "time" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less pollutants", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10283-5
Compared to a balloon that has the size of a fist a balloon the size of a head will have
{ "text": [ "more pressure", "less pressure" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
During inhalation, because the chest volume is larger, the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than the air pressure outside.
QRSent-10283
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "a balloon", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10187-1
Water furthest away from shore will have _____ dissolved nutrients than water near shore.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "nearer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity of water to shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "shore", "more_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "dissolved nutrients" }
QRQA-10113-3-flip
John was looking at the lights passing through the object. He noticed that the less dense the medium, the light would move
{ "text": [ "Faster", "Slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more dense the medium, the slower the light moves.
QRSent-10113
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "medium", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10034-3
A person that has a large larynx will have what type of voice?
{ "text": [ "High", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The voice becomes deeper as the larynx in the throat grows larger.
QRSent-10034
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "larynx" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "low", "less_effect_dir": "high", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "voice", "less_effect_prop": "voice", "less_cause_dir": "voice" }
QRQA-10195-2-flip
The least massive objects have _____ gravity than more massive objects.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Less massive objects also have less gravity than more massive objects.
QRSent-10195
{ "effect_prop": "less gravity", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "massiveness of an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "massive objects", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10031-1
A large amount of force has _____ acceleration than a smaller amount of force
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force.
QRSent-10031
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass for a given amount of force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "MORE", "less_effect_dir": "LESS", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10063-2-flip
If Jimbo increases the wavelength of the soundwave he is generating, what will happen to the energy carried by that soundwave?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10063
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10256-4
Mike is studying what humans eat. Bears are higher up the food chain than mosquitoes. Therefore, if humans were to eat bears, they would likely be taking in _____ levels of toxic metals.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher up a food chain that humans eat, the greater the levels of toxic metals they take in.
QRSent-10256
{ "effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "up a food chain that humans eat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "less_effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "less_cause_dir": "levels of toxic metals" }
QRQA-10341-2
If Milo's engine is running hot, how will adding oil affect friction?
{ "text": [ "increase", "reduce" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
To reduce friction, oil is added to the engine.
QRSent-10341
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "reduce", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10356-1
When Dan got a thick resistor, he knew that its resistance would be
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "less", "less_effect_dir": "more", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10232-2-flip
Earth has a much smaller orbit around the Sun than Jupiter does. This means that which planet takes less time to go around the Sun?
{ "text": [ "Jupiter", "Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The planets further from the Sun will have bigger orbits, and therefore take longer to revolve around the Sun.
QRSent-10232
{ "effect_prop": "to revolve around the Sun.", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "orbits" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "orbit", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "time to go around", "less_cause_dir": "time to go around" }
QRQA-10247-2
Scuffy was a puppy, and now he is a dog. Now that Scruffy is bigger, longer, and furrier than before, Scrufffy can take care of himself
{ "text": [ "better", "worse" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "ability to care for self", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "care of himself", "less_effect_prop": "care of himself", "less_cause_dir": "care of himself" }
QRQA-10229-2-flip
If you keep something whole before putting it into water it will dissolve
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate.
QRSent-10229
{ "effect_prop": "reactant", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "something", "more_effect_prop": "dissolve", "less_effect_prop": "dissolve", "less_cause_dir": "dissolve" }
QRQA-10197-5-flip
NASA has sent an unmanned probe to survey a distant solar system with four planets. Planet Zorb is farthest from the sun of this solar system, Planet Krakatoa is second farthest, Planet Beanbag is third, and Krypton is the closest. The probe visits the planets in order, first Zorb, then Krakatoa, then Beanbag and finally Krypton. Did the probe have to fly farther in its trip from
{ "text": [ "Zorb to Krakatoa or", "from Beanbag to Krypton?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, the farther away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planets orbit to the next.
QRSent-10197
{ "effect_prop": "distance from one planets orbit to the next", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "away from the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10080-2-flip
Erin is trying to get her solution to have a pH as far from zero as possible. The best way for Erin to do that is to have the acidity of the solution
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more acidic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 0
QRSent-10080
{ "effect_prop": "close to 0 pH value", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acidic a solution is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "as far from zero as possible", "less_cause_prop": "acidity", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "solution", "less_cause_dir": "solution" }
QRQA-10340-3
Mona lives in a nation that doesn't use a lot of fossil fuels. What would happen to her countries levels of air pollution if they were to increase their usage?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because richer nations use more fossil fuels, they also cause more air pollution and global warming than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10340
{ "effect_prop": "air pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fossil fuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pollution", "less_effect_prop": "air pollution", "less_cause_dir": "air pollution" }
QRQA-10303-5-flip
When a river gets emptied of a lot of waste chemicals it becomes
{ "text": [ "cleaner", "dirtier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "cleaner", "less_effect_dir": "dirtier", "less_cause_prop": "waste", "more_effect_prop": "river", "less_effect_prop": "river", "less_cause_dir": "river" }
QRQA-10298-1-flip
For dating the age of a fossil, and compared to the isotope Carbon 14 with its 5730 year half-life, would Francium with a 22 minute half-life be a
{ "text": [ "less useful isotope?", "more useful isotope" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because these isotopes decay more slowly, they can be used to date much older specimens.
QRSent-10298
{ "effect_prop": "utility in dating older specimens", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rates of isotope decay" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more useful", "less_effect_dir": "less useful", "less_cause_prop": "Carbon 14", "more_effect_prop": "isotope", "less_effect_prop": "isotope", "less_cause_dir": "isotope" }
QRQA-10146-1-flip
Mike wants the current strength to be weaker, so mike will do this with the number of resistors
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more resistors are added in parallel, the total current strength increases.
QRSent-10146
{ "effect_prop": "current strength", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "number of resistors", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "current strength", "less_cause_dir": "current strength" }
QRQA-10344-3
If valence electrons are close to an atom's nucleus, the atom is likely
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In bigger atoms, valence electrons are farther from the nucleus.
QRSent-10344
{ "effect_prop": "distance of valence electrons from the nucleus", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atom size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "close to nucleus", "less_cause_prop": "atom", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "valence electrons", "less_cause_dir": "valence electrons" }
QRQA-10302-3
The bigger the alkene the _____ boiling and melting points.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points.", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling and melting points" }
QRQA-10010-5-flip
Tinna held two magnets together and felt _____ force.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "Distance between objects", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "further", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Gravitational force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "held together", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "magnets", "less_cause_dir": "magnets" }
QRQA-10400-4
Warm air is able to fill more space than cold air because it is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "warm", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "air", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10010-2-flip
Terry has two balls and pulls them together to each other. The gravitational force between the balls
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "objects move further apart", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "further", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gravitational force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "pulls them together", "less_cause_prop": "gravitational force", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "two balls", "less_cause_dir": "two balls" }
QRQA-10323-1-flip
A warming resistor will _____ in resistance.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance of a resistor", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10255-2-flip
The moon has a _____ force of gravity than the sun.
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity.
QRSent-10255
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10143-1-flip
Will removed salt from the pool water. The water is now
{ "text": [ "less dense", "more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower temperature and higher salinity yield the densest water.
QRSent-10143
{ "effect_prop": "densest water", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "densest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more dense", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pool water", "less_effect_prop": "pool water", "less_cause_dir": "pool water" }
QRQA-10086-3
If Jimbo is surfing and the waves begin to crest higher, what happens to amplitude of those waves?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "crests of a wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10151-3
If there are two equal-volume objects, the densest object will be the one with _____ mass.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of one of two equal-volume objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "densest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "equal-volume object", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10232-4-flip
If Jupiter has a bigger orbit then Mercury, which planet will take a shorter time to revolve around the Sun?
{ "text": [ "Jupiter", "Mercury" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The planets further from the Sun will have bigger orbits, and therefore take longer to revolve around the Sun.
QRSent-10232
{ "effect_prop": "longer to revolve around the Sun", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "orbits" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "a shorter time", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "planet", "less_cause_dir": "planet" }
QRQA-10341-1
If Milo's bike chain is not moving well and he adds some oil to it, what will happen to the levels of friction the chain experiences?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
To reduce friction, oil is added to the engine.
QRSent-10341
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10051-1-flip
Ron watches a wave for 10 seconds and notices 10 crests. He watches another wave for 10 seconds and sees 5 crests. Which wave has a lesser frequency?
{ "text": [ "10 crests", "5 crests" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests or compressions that pass the point in 1 second or other time period. The higher the number is, the greater is the frequency of the wave.
QRSent-10051
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of the wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of crests that pass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "crests", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10173-1-flip
If Jim downgrades his computer to a less powerful model, what happens to the amount of work it can perform?
{ "text": [ "it can perform more work then before", "it can perform less work then before" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "work performed", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "device power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "computer", "more_effect_prop": "work", "less_effect_prop": "work", "less_cause_dir": "work" }
QRQA-10365-3
The temperature has been rising in a certain part of the world. The temperature change leads to _____ chemical weathering.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Chemical weathering increases as: Temperature increases: Chemical reactions proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures.
QRSent-10365
{ "effect_prop": "weathering", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10224-1
When the villagers are living longer, the food source is likely
{ "text": [ "great", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances.
QRSent-10224
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "fallen", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "death rate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "villagers", "more_effect_prop": "food source", "less_effect_prop": "food source", "less_cause_dir": "food source" }
QRQA-10183-4-flip
Carla takes a look at the populations of two countries. She finds Canada had about 37 million people in 2017. The United States had a population of 325 million in that same year. Therefore, Canada likely clears _____ land for agriculture and development than the United States.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More people also means more clearing of land for agriculture and development.
QRSent-10183
{ "effect_prop": "clearing of land for agriculture and development", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "clears more", "less_effect_dir": "clears less", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "land for agriculture", "less_effect_prop": "land for agriculture", "less_cause_dir": "land for agriculture" }
QRQA-10059-3
A main sequence star that is not bright is not among the _____ stars
{ "text": [ "hottest", "coolest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brightness", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a main sequence star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "not bright", "less_cause_prop": "stars", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10305-5
If Mona is adjusting the pH levels of her fish tank and she makes the pH higher, what happens to the baseness of the water?
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base.
QRSent-10305
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the base", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the pH" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "base", "less_effect_prop": "base", "less_cause_dir": "base" }
QRQA-10233-3
Gary had two rocks and brought them closer together. The gravitational rock between the rocks is now _____ strong.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
QRSent-10233
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the gravitational force between them", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "objects are to each other" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "strong", "less_effect_prop": "strong", "less_cause_dir": "strong" }
QRQA-10363-1-flip
Jeff is stopping exercising his muscles at home. Over time his muscles will grow
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercised muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "exercise", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10253-1-flip
If you tried to push a sack of unpopped popcorn or a sack of popped popcorn, both of the same volume, would it be easier to push the
{ "text": [ "sack of unpopped popcorn", "sack of popped popcorn?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "difficulty in overcoming friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "an objects weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "popcorn", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "to push", "less_cause_dir": "to push" }
QRQA-10165-3
If you spend a lot of time out in the sun then getting skin cancer is
{ "text": [ "less likely", "more likely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More UV rays increase skin cancer rates.
QRSent-10165
{ "effect_prop": "skin cancer", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "UV rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "less likely", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "skin cancer", "less_effect_prop": "skin cancer", "less_cause_dir": "skin cancer" }
QRQA-10333-1-flip
If Earth's average temperature were to rise, Earth's glaciers should
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The glaciers on Earth are getting smaller and smaller as Earths temperature rises.
QRSent-10333
{ "effect_prop": "glaciers", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "average Earth temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "glaciers", "less_effect_dir": "glaciers", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "increase", "less_effect_prop": "decrease", "less_cause_dir": "decrease" }
QRQA-10193-5-flip
Milo is surfing at the beach on his day off. He notices that the waves are getting smaller and smaller. What is happening to the energy those waves are producing? It's
{ "text": [ "decreasing", "increasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Bigger waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10005-1
If a product is stretched, elastic force will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching or compressing of material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10161-1-flip
Mary was performing experiments with atoms in her lab. She was measuring energy levels at various distances from an atom's nucleus. Would measurements taken farther from a nucleus result in
{ "text": [ "lower energy levels?", "greater energy levels or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you go farther from the nucleus of an atom, the electron levels have more and more energy.
QRSent-10161
{ "effect_prop": "energy from electrons", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy levels", "less_effect_prop": "energy levels", "less_cause_dir": "energy levels" }
QRQA-10132-5
African Americans have darker skin than other Americans. Researchers were not surprised to discover therefore, that vitamin D insufficiency among African Americans is _____ than among other Americans?
{ "text": [ "more prevalent", "less prevalent" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "prevent", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "less prevalent", "less_effect_dir": "more prevalent", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "vitamin D insufficiency", "less_effect_prop": "vitamin D insufficiency", "less_cause_dir": "vitamin D insufficiency" }
QRQA-10248-4-flip
Quent increases the energy of a liquid. He notices that the particles in the liquid
{ "text": [ "slow down", "speed up" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement slow down", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "liquid particle energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10331-4-flip
If Mona is excavating an archeological site and she discovers some fossils near the surface then compares them to fossils she found deeper down, which fossils will be younger?
{ "text": [ "near the surface", "deeper down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "older fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Lower rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "fossils", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "fossils", "less_cause_dir": "fossils" }
QRQA-10032-3-flip
Jim looked at his cat's eyes on a bright sunny day, then he looked at the eyes when the cat was in very low light inside the house. In the high light condition, the cat's pupils well be
{ "text": [ "smaller.", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "let more light in", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gets bigger" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "low light", "less_effect_dir": "sunny", "less_cause_prop": "pupils", "more_effect_prop": "inside the house", "less_effect_prop": "day", "less_cause_dir": "day" }
QRQA-10340-1
If Jim's country increases use of fossil fuels, what will happen to the amount of pollution it produces?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because richer nations use more fossil fuels, they also cause more air pollution and global warming than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10340
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fossil fuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }