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QRQA-10175-3-flip
The oxygen levels in water wind up going up when the temperature
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warm water cant hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water, so an increase in the temperature of water decreases the amount of oxygen it contains.
QRSent-10175
{ "effect_prop": "oxygen", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "going up", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "oxygen", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10018-4-flip
If you stop incorporating anaerobic exercises into your workout routine, you can expect your muscle size to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger.
QRSent-10018
{ "effect_prop": "muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "anaerobic exercises" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "muscle size", "less_effect_prop": "muscle size", "less_cause_dir": "muscle size" }
QRQA-10342-2-flip
If Milo is flying through the air and he moves farther from the Earth, what happens to the temperature of the air?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air in the troposphere is warmer closer to Earths surface.
QRSent-10342
{ "effect_prop": "troposphere is warmer", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to Earths surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "Earth", "more_effect_prop": "temperature of the air", "less_effect_prop": "temperature of the air", "less_cause_dir": "temperature of the air" }
QRQA-10249-3
A shark is swimming through the waters and the wind is blowing hard, and fast over many miles. The waves the shark is swimming in will be
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "wave size", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fast" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10230-2
Terry had a glass lens that he made more curved over time. The lens now reflects _____ light.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it.
QRSent-10230
{ "effect_prop": "it refracts the light that passes", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved the surface is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "more", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10285-3-flip
John was looking at the climate model data in his office. He saw there were less changes as the amount of gases were
{ "text": [ "Lower", "Higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As greenhouse gases increase, changes will be more extreme.
QRSent-10285
{ "effect_prop": "changes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "amount of gases", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "changes", "less_cause_dir": "changes" }
QRQA-10133-4
If there are many lines that are magnetic then they are
{ "text": [ "weak", "strong" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more field lines that are drawn, the stronger the field.
QRSent-10133
{ "effect_prop": "strength in the field", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "field lines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic" }
QRQA-10012-3-flip
If greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were to be halved, Earth will become
{ "text": [ "cooler", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up.
QRSent-10012
{ "effect_prop": "Earth temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gases in the atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "cooler", "less_cause_prop": "gases", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10131-1-flip
The new invention removed oil from the ocean, which caused _____ pollution.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "Pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "oil", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10005-3
Joe is pulling a rubber band with his fingers. When does the band have the most elastic force?
{ "text": [ "at rest", "when stretched" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "compression of material", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elastic force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stretched", "less_effect_dir": "at rest", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "band", "less_effect_prop": "band", "less_cause_dir": "band" }
QRQA-10098-1
If Jim measures the water table of his local region before it rains and compares it to a measurement taken after it rains, it will be higher
{ "text": [ "before it rains", "after it rains" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water table is higher", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "rain", "more_effect_prop": "water table", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10027-3-flip
A planet that is smaller has
{ "text": [ "less gravity", "more gravity" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10027
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "planet", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10315-3-flip
When we have one bag of dog food and we get rid of two dogs we will run out of food
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slower", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "two dogs", "more_effect_prop": "run out of food", "less_effect_prop": "run out of food", "less_cause_dir": "run out of food" }
QRQA-10161-3
The electrons that rotate in the outer edges of an atom have
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you go farther from the nucleus of an atom, the electron levels have more and more energy.
QRSent-10161
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10166-3-flip
Everett went lower and lower to look at the rocks on the cliff. The highest rocks are likely
{ "text": [ "youngest", "oldest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Fossils found at the lowest layer of rock would be the oldest, as these would have been buried for the longest time, whereas fossils found closer to the surface would be buried more recently and therefore be younger.
QRSent-10166
{ "effect_prop": "oldest fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lowest", "effect_dir_str": "oldest", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lowest layer of rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "oldest", "less_effect_dir": "youngest", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_cause_dir": "rocks" }
QRQA-10329-3
Air pressure will _____ when one goes down a mountain.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "mountain", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10143-3-flip
If Mona is boiling a glass of water and the temperature of the water begins to increase, what happens to the density of that water?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower temperature and higher salinity yield the densest water.
QRSent-10143
{ "effect_prop": "densest water", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "densest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10283-4-flip
Will is inhaling and then he exhales. Which stage likely causes less air pressure in his lungs?
{ "text": [ "inhaling", "exhaling" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
During inhalation, because the chest volume is larger, the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than the air pressure outside.
QRSent-10283
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Will", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10107-4-flip
A solution with a pH value of 1 is _____ considered to be basic.
{ "text": [ "definitely", "not" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more basic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 14.
QRSent-10107
{ "effect_prop": "distance from 14 is its pH value", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "basic a solution is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "1", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "basic", "more_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10265-1-flip
If a device were to become more efficient, it would produce _____ usable energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more efficient a device is, the greater the percentage of usable energy it produces.
QRSent-10265
{ "effect_prop": "percentage of usable energy it produces", "cause_dir_str": "more efficient", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "efficiency of a device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "usable energy", "less_effect_prop": "usable energy", "less_cause_dir": "usable energy" }
QRQA-10229-1-flip
If Mona is creating a reaction using solid reactants and she decreases the surface area of those reactants, what happens to the reaction rate?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate.
QRSent-10229
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area of solid reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_cause_dir": "reaction rate" }
QRQA-10359-3
If we change resistors in series to be in parallel the resistance
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When we add resistors in parallel to each other the total resistance decreases and the current increases.
QRSent-10359
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "add", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in parallel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10107-1
Tanya was measuring pH values and recorded a value of 13 for Solution #1. She also recorded a value of 8 for Solution #2. Which solution is more basic?
{ "text": [ "Solution #2", "Solution #1" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more basic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 14.
QRSent-10107
{ "effect_prop": "closer its pH to 14", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "basic a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "13", "less_effect_dir": "8", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_cause_dir": "pH value" }
QRQA-10352-5-flip
A satellite was sent to orbit and monitor a small planet and it easily passed a much smaller planet. It was concluded that this happened because the gravitational pull of the smaller planet was
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gravity is a pull which all matter exerts on all other matter, the more mass, the stronger the pull.
QRSent-10352
{ "effect_prop": "Gravity", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "planet", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10315-3
When we have one bag of dog food and we add two new dogs we will run out of food
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slower", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "run out of food", "less_effect_prop": "run out of food", "less_cause_dir": "run out of food" }
QRQA-10195-1-flip
Dan's larger globe will have this kind of gravity compared to his smaller globe:
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less massive objects also have less gravity than more massive objects.
QRSent-10195
{ "effect_prop": "gravity", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "massive objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "globe", "more_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_effect_prop": "gravity", "less_cause_dir": "gravity" }
QRQA-10302-1
While in the lab, Sharon and Joe were testing alkenes; Sharon's alkenes were much larger than Joe's. The melting point of Sharon's alkenes will be _____ than Joe's.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10346-1
Going deeper into water will result in a _____ temperature.
{ "text": [ "warmer", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water also gets colder as you go deeper.
QRSent-10346
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "colder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "depth in water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "colder", "less_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10366-4-flip
When people are younger they generally are
{ "text": [ "healthier", "less healthy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "chance of breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "less", "less_effect_dir": "healthier", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "healthy", "less_effect_prop": "health", "less_cause_dir": "health" }
QRQA-10259-3-flip
Which planet does the sun have the least gravity effect on?
{ "text": [ "Mars", "Mercury" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "Mercury", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravity effect", "less_cause_dir": "gravity effect" }
QRQA-10021-3-flip
Milo's risk of developing cardiovascular disease are lesser when he is
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older age, male gender, and a family history of cardiovascular disease all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cant be controlled.
QRSent-10021
{ "effect_prop": "risk of developing cardiovascular diseases", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "age", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "risk", "less_cause_dir": "risk" }
QRQA-10171-2-flip
If Todd removes a resistor to the circuit, then the current will be
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "will be stronger", "less_effect_dir": "will be weaker", "less_cause_prop": "circuit", "more_effect_prop": "circuit", "less_effect_prop": "circuit", "less_cause_dir": "circuit" }
QRQA-10319-5-flip
Jim is performing experiments in his lab. If he applies less heat to gas inside of a beaker, what happens to the gas particles?
{ "text": [ "move faster", "move slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If the gas is heated, the particles will move faster as they gain more energy.
QRSent-10319
{ "effect_prop": "particles will move faster", "cause_dir_str": "heated", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gas is heated" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move faster", "less_effect_dir": "move slower", "less_cause_prop": "gas inside of a beaker", "more_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_cause_dir": "gas particles" }
QRQA-10399-2-flip
Sasha is throwing bottles into the lake. Some bottles are filled with sand, and some only have a tiny bit of sand in them. The bottles with a tiny bit of sand will sink last because they are
{ "text": [ "less dense", "more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tightly packed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more dense", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "bottles", "more_effect_prop": "bottles", "less_effect_prop": "bottles", "less_cause_dir": "bottles" }
QRQA-10201-1
Would an astronaut floating five million miles away from the Earth experience
{ "text": [ "less gravitational attraction to the Earth than an astronaut on the surface of the Earth", "more gravitational attraction to the Earth than an astronaut on the surface of the Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction decreases.
QRSent-10201
{ "effect_prop": "the gravitational attraction between objects", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between two objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "astronaut", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational attraction" }
QRQA-10127-2-flip
Chris is going car shopping. He has two choices, a car with 6 cylinders or a car with 4 cylinders. If Chris wants to get the car with the less powerful engine, then he should go with the car with
{ "text": [ "6 cylinders", "4 cylinders" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "powerful its engine", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cylinders a car engine has" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "cylinders", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "powerful engine", "less_cause_dir": "powerful engine" }
QRQA-10077-5-flip
John was observing a range of patients skin under a microscope. He noticed that the less melanocytes the skin had, the production of melanin was
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
However, the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin.
QRSent-10077
{ "effect_prop": "melatonin", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "melanocytes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "melanocytes", "more_effect_prop": "melanin", "less_effect_prop": "melanin", "less_cause_dir": "melanin" }
QRQA-10326-1-flip
A sunscreen with an SPF value of 30 will protect skin _____ than a sunscreen with an SPF value of 15.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "skin protection", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF value of sunscreen" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "SPF value", "more_effect_prop": "protect skin", "less_effect_prop": "protect skin", "less_cause_dir": "protect skin" }
QRQA-10201-1-flip
Would an astronaut on the surface of the Earth experience
{ "text": [ "less gravitational attraction to the Earth than an astronaut floating five million miles away from the Earth", "more gravitational attraction to the Earth than an astronaut floating five million miles away from the Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction decreases.
QRSent-10201
{ "effect_prop": "the gravitational attraction between objects", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between two objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "astronaut", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational attraction" }
QRQA-10400-3
Fred started a fire on the beach. The air directly above the fire likely
{ "text": [ "falls", "rises" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "rises higher in the troposphere", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air dense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rises", "less_effect_dir": "falls", "less_cause_prop": "air", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10315-4
Jennifer noticed there were more and more bunny rabbits in the forest behind her house eating the berries that she used to make her summer pies. As the population of the bunnies increases will the berries be
{ "text": [ "Fewer?", "More?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "Available resources", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "People in an area living" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "berries", "less_effect_prop": "berries", "less_cause_dir": "berries" }
QRQA-10268-4
Mikey is studying the mesosphere. He is looking at temperatures at various altitudes within this layer of the atmosphere. If he took the temperature at 31 miles above the Earth's surface, and then again at 40 miles above the Earth's surface, the temperature would be lower at a height of
{ "text": [ "31 miles", "40 miles" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "above the Earth's surface", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10057-4-flip
As Jimbo's body size shrinks due to a shrinking spell, what happens to his surface area to volume ratio?
{ "text": [ "gets bigger", "gets smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
QRSent-10057
{ "effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "body size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gets bigger", "less_effect_dir": "gets smaller", "less_cause_prop": "body size", "more_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_cause_dir": "surface area to volume ratio" }
QRQA-10083-5-flip
Robby noticed a weak electrostatic force between two charged objects. He wanted to decrease the strength of this force. So how should he position them?
{ "text": [ "Closer together", "Farther apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the charged objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force.
QRSent-10083
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "objects", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10382-5
When we have a very windy day what will happen to the waves?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind strength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10348-3
Reid has a very fit genotype. If he compares this genotype to a less fit one, his would be more likely to pass _____ copies of their alleles down.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "pass more copies of their alleles", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "one", "more_effect_prop": "copies of their alleles", "less_effect_prop": "copies of their alleles", "less_cause_dir": "copies of their alleles" }
QRQA-10283-2
Mike takes deep breaths, and knows that his chest volume is fairly sizable. Considering his chest size, the air pressure inside the lungs, compared to the air pressure outside, is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
During inhalation, because the chest volume is larger, the air pressure inside the lungs is lower than the air pressure outside.
QRSent-10283
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside lungs", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10102-4-flip
If Mona is comparing fossils she found in very old rocks to fossils she found in newer rocks. Which fossils does she expect to be less similar to living animals?
{ "text": [ "old rocks", "newer rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, fossils in older rocks are less similar to modern organisms.
QRSent-10102
{ "effect_prop": "similar to modern organisms", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "fossils in older rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "not very different", "less_effect_dir": "very different", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "fossils", "less_effect_prop": "fossils", "less_cause_dir": "fossils" }
QRQA-10343-5-flip
John was testing a radio wave and had an interesting finding. The shorter the wavelength was, the frequency became
{ "text": [ "Higher", "Lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequencies", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "wavelength", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10183-3
Kevin lives in a city with 5000 people. Will lives in a city with 100000 people. Whose city likely cleared more land for agriculture/development?
{ "text": [ "Kevin", "Will" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More people also means more clearing of land for agriculture and development.
QRSent-10183
{ "effect_prop": "clearing of land for agriculture and development", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "land", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10351-5-flip
If a Geiger counter is loud in an area, there is _____ reason to worry about radiation.
{ "text": [ "little", "much" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The faster the clicks of a Geiger counter occur, the higher the level of radiation.
QRSent-10351
{ "effect_prop": "radiation", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed of the clicks of a Geiger counter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "much", "less_effect_dir": "little", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "radiation", "less_effect_prop": "radiation", "less_cause_dir": "radiation" }
QRQA-10022-1-flip
As Earth's climate becomes cooler it will develop _____ varieties of vegetation?
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "types of vegetation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmer climate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Earth's climate", "more_effect_prop": "varieties of vegetation", "less_effect_prop": "varieties of vegetation", "less_cause_dir": "varieties of vegetation" }
QRQA-10261-1-flip
If two magnetic objects move closer, they will cause the magnetic force of attraction to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "magnet", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10391-2
Rocks that are buried deep underground are _____ than rocks on the surface.
{ "text": [ "newer", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Deeper", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Depth", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10143-2
When water starts to freeze it becomes
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower temperature and higher salinity yield the densest water.
QRSent-10143
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "densest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10183-2-flip
If Mona wants to clear her farm land at a slower rate, what would subtracting people do to that rate?
{ "text": [ "increase it", "decrease it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More people also means more clearing of land for agriculture and development.
QRSent-10183
{ "effect_prop": "clearing of land", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "clear her farm land", "less_effect_prop": "clear her farm land", "less_cause_dir": "clear her farm land" }
QRQA-10060-3
As the sea spreads and rises up it causes sea levels to do what?
{ "text": [ "rise", "drop" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "sea levels", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "rises", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "seafloor spreading" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "drop", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sea levels", "less_effect_prop": "sea levels", "less_cause_dir": "sea levels" }
QRQA-10171-1-flip
Quint removes resistors in a circuit to decrease the resistance. The total current in the series circuit
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "circuit", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10157-3-flip
Dana is trying to see how far the energy levels are from the nucleus in an atom. Since the energy levels are very close the nucleus, the atom has
{ "text": [ "less orbitals", "more orbitals" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Energy levels farther from the nucleus of an atom have more orbitals.
QRSent-10157
{ "effect_prop": "orbitals", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "far" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "nucleus", "more_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_cause_dir": "orbitals" }
QRQA-10382-5-flip
When we have a very calm day what will happen to the waves?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The faster, longer, and farther the wind blows, the bigger the waves are.
QRSent-10382
{ "effect_prop": "waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster, longer, and farther", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind strength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10192-1-flip
Would the sound from a loud speaker transmit less energy to the eardrum of a member of the audience if they were standing
{ "text": [ "directly in front of the speaker", "two miles away?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the sound waves travel away from the source, the more spread out their energy becomes.
QRSent-10192
{ "effect_prop": "energy of the sound wave", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more spread out", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance sound waves travel" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "speaker", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10242-3-flip
Sinclair is looking at the effects that factories are having on developing countries natural resources. He studies one country that is building fewer factories. In that country, the natural resources are likely experiencing _____ demands because fewer factories are being built.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Developing nations will also increase demands on natural resources as they build more factories.
QRSent-10242
{ "effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "factories" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "factories", "more_effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "less_effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "less_cause_dir": "demands on natural resources" }
QRQA-10111-3
If a substance is tested and has a high pH of 12 we could say that the substance is
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For bases we can state the folllowing: The higher the pH of a substance, the more basic it is.
QRSent-10111
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10249-3-flip
A shark is swimming through the waters and the wind is blowing soft, and fast over many miles. The waves the shark is swimming in will be
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "wave size", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fast" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "blowing", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10163-4-flip
If James measured the air pressure in the winter and compared it to the air pressure in the summer, which season would have less pressure?
{ "text": [ "winter", "summer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Decreasing air temperature increases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10163
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "air", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10008-3
Sally drops a bowling ball into a small wading pool, then she drops a much smaller baseball into the same wading pool. She notices that the bowling ball causes more water to splash out, this means that more water is displaced by the
{ "text": [ "larger bowling ball", "smaller baseball." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
So more water is displaced by a bigger body than a smaller one.
QRSent-10008
{ "effect_prop": "water is displaced", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10278-4-flip
If Mona is bouncing radar waves off a test car when training to be a policewoman and she notices the frequency of the waves returning to her radar gun is lower then it was before, what is happening to the car she is pointing the gun at?
{ "text": [ "decreasing in speed", "increasing in speed" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "increase in the frequency of the waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "faster the car is moving" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "frequency returning to gun is lower", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10127-2
Chris is going car shopping. He has two choices, a car with 6 cylinders or a car with 4 cylinders. If Chris wants to get the car with the more powerful engine, then he should go with the car with
{ "text": [ "6 cylinders", "4 cylinders" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "powerful its engine", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cylinders a car engine has" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "cylinders", "more_effect_prop": "powerful engine", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10211-4-flip
Robin is using aluminum foil to make small cylinders. A foil cylinder of diameter 1cm likely has _____ resistance than a foil cylinder of diameter 10cm.
{ "text": [ "greater", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The thinner the wire, the more resistance it offers.
QRSent-10211
{ "effect_prop": "resistance it offers", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire thinner" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "diameter", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10401-5
Carlos knows that there is less ozone in the stratosphere, and goes out on a sunny day. He puts on sunscreen knowing that the UV rays can reach the ground
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground.
QRSent-10401
{ "effect_prop": "UV rays reach the ground", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone in the stratosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "ozone in the stratosphere", "more_effect_prop": "UV rays can reach the ground", "less_effect_prop": "UV rays can reach the ground", "less_cause_dir": "UV rays can reach the ground" }
QRQA-10060-4-flip
Sam creates a replica of an ocean. He increases the size of the ocean basin, which should _____ the sea level of the model.
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "ocean basin", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "sea level" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "the sea level of the model", "more_effect_prop": "the size of the ocean basin", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10113-1
A very dense medium will cause light to move
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more dense the medium, the slower the light moves.
QRSent-10113
{ "effect_prop": "speed of light", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "density of a medium" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10086-3-flip
If Jimbo is surfing and the waves begin to crest lower, what happens to amplitude of those waves?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "crests of a wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10125-2
If Jim is an endotherm would his body give off _____ heat if the blood flow to the surface of his body were increased?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "blood flow to the surface of the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Blood flow", "less_effect_prop": "Blood flow", "less_cause_dir": "Blood flow" }
QRQA-10204-5
John was in his office looking at the diagrams. He saw that as the lines were closer, the fields were
{ "text": [ "Stronger", "Weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described.
QRSent-10204
{ "effect_prop": "fields", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Stronger", "less_effect_dir": "Weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "fields", "less_effect_prop": "fields", "less_cause_dir": "fields" }
QRQA-10335-4
When Milo heats up a pan on the stove, the particles begin to
{ "text": [ "move more quickly", "move more slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles move more quickly" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heats up", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "pan", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10135-2-flip
Harry has a pet walrus. Jim has a pet parrot. Whose pet has a lighter exoskeleton?
{ "text": [ "Jim", "Harry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The larger the animal, the heavier the exoskeleton, making movement more difficult.
QRSent-10135
{ "effect_prop": "heavier exoskeleton", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "animal" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lighter", "less_cause_prop": "parrot", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "exoskeleton", "less_cause_dir": "exoskeleton" }
QRQA-10055-4-flip
Kathy did some experiments on two different alkanes and one of the alkanes had twice as many carbon atoms than the other. She would notice that which alkane would require a lower temperature to melt
{ "text": [ "alkane with fewer carbon atoms", "alkane with more carbon atoms?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Alkanes with more carbon atoms have higher boiling and melting points, so some of them are solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10055
{ "effect_prop": "higher melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower temperature", "less_cause_prop": "alkane", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "alkane", "less_cause_dir": "alkane" }
QRQA-10363-5
Rita works out for half an hour while Quenton sits on the couch. Who's muscles have likely grown in size?
{ "text": [ "Quenton", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "size of muscles", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "muscle exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Rita", "less_effect_dir": "Quenton", "less_cause_prop": "exercise", "more_effect_prop": "muscle", "less_effect_prop": "muscle", "less_cause_dir": "muscle" }
QRQA-10110-2-flip
When you have air pressures change very little what happens to the wind?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Differences in air pressure over the surface of the Earth result in wind. The greater the differences in air pressures, the stronger the wind.
QRSent-10110
{ "effect_prop": "wind", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air pressure difference" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "air pressure", "more_effect_prop": "wind", "less_effect_prop": "wind", "less_cause_dir": "wind" }
QRQA-10251-1
Compared to a kettle of boiling water, would the water molecules in a block of ice move
{ "text": [ "faster?", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "the speed at which they vibrate", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the energy of a particle of matter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "boiling", "less_effect_dir": "ice", "less_cause_prop": "slower", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10208-2-flip
When a car has less velocity what happens to its kinetic energy?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "velocity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases kinetic energy", "less_effect_dir": "decreases kinetic energy", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10240-2
When we see something far away it looks
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If you are standing on the shore and a ship is going out to sea, the ship gets smaller as it moves further away from you.
QRSent-10240
{ "effect_prop": "size", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "size", "less_effect_prop": "size", "less_cause_dir": "size" }
QRQA-10017-4
Don is looking at electromagnetic waves, and sees that the one's he observing have higher frequencies. Don is able to know then that the photons have energy that is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies, photons have more energy.
QRSent-10017
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10316-2
Milo breeds cats for a living. If he wants his cats to share a specific trait, what should he do to the amount of offspring each cat produces?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time.
QRSent-10316
{ "effect_prop": "traits", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "offspring" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "share", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "amount of offspring each cat produces", "more_effect_prop": "a specific trait", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10260-3
Sandy is running around the house doing laps. The faster she runs, the amount of energy she has is
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of energy", "less_effect_prop": "amount of energy", "less_cause_dir": "amount of energy" }
QRQA-10277-4-flip
Less waste being noted indicates _____ use of resources.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increased resource use generally means more waste; electronic waste from developed nations is a growing problem in the developing world.
QRSent-10277
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resource use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "use of resources", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "waste", "less_cause_dir": "waste" }
QRQA-10358-2-flip
Johnny was was playing with chalk outside. His mom called him in for lunch, while he was inside his red chalk sat in the shade, and his blue chalk was in the sun. When Johnny returned outside and picked up the red and blue which had a higher temperature?
{ "text": [ "the red chalk", "the blue chalk" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If two objects have the same mass, the object with the higher temperature has greater thermal energy.
QRSent-10358
{ "effect_prop": "Thermal Energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "in the sun", "less_effect_dir": "in the shade", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blue chalk", "less_effect_prop": "red chalk", "less_cause_dir": "red chalk" }
QRQA-10316-5-flip
If an animal is able to eat food more difficult is it more or less likely to reproduce?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time.
QRSent-10316
{ "effect_prop": "reproduction", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "beneficial traits" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "eat food", "more_effect_prop": "reproduction", "less_effect_prop": "reproduction", "less_cause_dir": "reproduction" }
QRQA-10005-3-flip
Joe is pulling a rubber band with his fingers. When does the band have the least elastic force?
{ "text": [ "at rest", "when stretched" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "compression of material", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elastic force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stretched", "less_effect_dir": "at rest", "less_cause_prop": "elastic force", "more_effect_prop": "band", "less_effect_prop": "band", "less_cause_dir": "band" }
QRQA-10151-4-flip
Jake pours syrup into one cup, then pours water into another, both in equal amounts. Jack can know that the syrup is the less dense of the fluids because it has
{ "text": [ "more mass", "less mass" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10092-1-flip
Dave dropped a feather and a ball out of a window. The ball landed last because it had mass that, compared to the feather, was
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of attraction; in addition, the greater the distance between objects, the smaller the force of attraction.
QRSent-10092
{ "effect_prop": "force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "landed", "less_cause_dir": "landed" }
QRQA-10378-1-flip
Given two equal measures of water by volume, which would be lighter
{ "text": [ "ocean water", "distilled water?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water becomes more dense when it is colder and when it has more salt.
QRSent-10378
{ "effect_prop": "water density", "cause_dir_str": "more salt", "effect_dir_str": "more dense", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water salinity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lighter", "less_cause_prop": "distilled water", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10205-3
Rich was examining a cliff face. Which part of the cliff is older, geologically speaking?
{ "text": [ "the base", "the top" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The upper rock layers are much younger.
QRSent-10205
{ "effect_prop": "age of rocks", "cause_dir_str": "upper", "effect_dir_str": "younger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation of layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "part of the cliff", "more_effect_prop": "part of the cliff", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10184-1
As the train approached the intersection and blew its horn, compressing the wavelengths of the sound, did the frequency of the horn
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This means that as wavelengths get shorter, more waves move past a particular spot in the same amount of time.
QRSent-10184
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of waves", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10039-1-flip
When looking at a hill, Shane sees that the sand on the low slopes is
{ "text": [ "finer", "thicker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Smaller sediments are dropped as the slope becomes less steep.
QRSent-10039
{ "effect_prop": "steep", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "sediments" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "sand", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "slopes", "less_cause_dir": "slopes" }
QRQA-10102-1
John was comparing different fossils in his collection one day. If he were to compare characteristics of a very old fossil in his collection to a newer fossil in his collection, what would he find?
{ "text": [ "high similarity", "low similarity" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In general, fossils in older rocks are less similar to modern organisms.
QRSent-10102
{ "effect_prop": "similarity to modern organisms", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "age of fossil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "fossil", "more_effect_prop": "similarity", "less_effect_prop": "similarity", "less_cause_dir": "similarity" }
QRQA-10173-1
If Jim upgrades his computer to a more powerful model, what happens to the amount of work it can perform?
{ "text": [ "it can perform more work then before", "it can perform less work then before" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "work performed", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "device power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "work", "less_effect_prop": "work", "less_cause_dir": "work" }
QRQA-10277-3
Wendy lives in a country that uses many resources. Which is likely true about the amount of waste produced compared to a developing country?
{ "text": [ "it is more", "it is less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Increased resource use generally means more waste; electronic waste from developed nations is a growing problem in the developing world.
QRSent-10277
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resource use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of waste produced", "less_effect_prop": "amount of waste produced", "less_cause_dir": "amount of waste produced" }
QRQA-10295-1-flip
If Jim decreases the strength of the charge between two of his objects, what will happen to the electrostatic force between them?
{ "text": [ "it will increase in strength", "it will decrease in strength" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charge" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "the strength of the charge between two of his objects", "more_effect_prop": "strength", "less_effect_prop": "strength", "less_cause_dir": "strength" }