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[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1991, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by U2 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Joshua Tree </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Luminous Times ( Hold on to Love ) '' `` Walk to the Water '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 16 March 1987 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> 12 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> <Li> CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> Danesmoate House ( Dublin ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> U2 ( music ) </Li> <Li> Bono ( lyrics ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Lanois </Li> <Li> Brian Eno </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> U2 singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Joshua Tree track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bullet the Blue Sky '' ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` With or Without You '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` With or Without You '' is a song by Irish rock band U2 . It is the third track on their fifth studio album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , and was released as the album 's lead single on 16 March 1987 . The song was the group 's most successful single at the time , becoming their first number - one hit in both the United States and Canada by topping the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and the RPM national singles chart for one week , with a further three weeks at number two . </P> <P> `` With or Without You '' features sustained guitar parts played by guitarist the Edge with a prototype of the Infinite Guitar , along with vocals by lead singer Bono and a bassline by bassist Adam Clayton . The song originated from a demo recorded in late 1985 that the group continued to work on throughout The Joshua Tree sessions . Ostensibly a troubled love song , the track 's lyrics were inspired by Bono 's conflicting feelings about the lives he led as a musician and domestic man . </P> <P> Critics praised the song upon its release . It is frequently performed on the band 's tours , and it has appeared on many of their compilation albums and concert films . `` With or Without You '' is U2 's second most frequently covered song . In 2010 , Rolling Stone magazine placed the song at number 132 on their list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and recording </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Release and chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8 Personnel </Li> <Li> 9 Charts </Li> <Li> 10 Certifications </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> In late 1985 , U2 convened at a house that drummer Larry Mullen Jr. bought to review material the group had written during The Unforgettable Fire Tour . During this time , a rough demo of `` With or Without You '' was written , with lead vocalist Bono composing the song 's chord sequence . The band continued to work on the song at STS Studios , creating many permutations of the track , but not making any progress . Guitarist the Edge considered the song at that point to be `` awful '' . The track consisted of a Yamaha drum machine beat and a bass part played by bassist Adam Clayton using an Ibanez bass guitar with a short scale . According to Clayton , these early versions of the song sounded too sentimental and `` very traditional because the chords just went round and round and round '' . </P> <P> The sessions for The Joshua Tree started in earnest in 1986 , and U2 were recording at the Georgian mansion Danesmoate House in Dublin . The group attempted to take the song in a different direction , although Bono was reluctant . Under the direction of co-producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois , the Edge pursued more ambient guitar playing , Clayton turned up the volume on his bass , and Mullen experimented with an electronically enhanced drum kit . Despite the work they continued to put into the track , the group considered abandoning the song , as they could not find an arrangement they liked . </P> <P> Bono and his friend Gavin Friday continued to work on the song after Lanois and Eno declined to do so . Bono credits Friday with rescuing the song and rearranging it , believing it could be a hit . Eno added a keyboard arpeggio , similar to the one from `` Bad '' . The song 's fate was still in doubt when the Edge was sent a prototype of the Infinite Guitar by Canadian musician Michael Brook , with whom he had collaborated for the Captive soundtrack . The instrument allowed sustained notes to be played , producing `` a similar effect to the E-Bow '' \n\nQuestion:\nwho sings the song with or without you\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Bono" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1991, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings the song with or without you\n\nDocument:\nions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by U2 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Joshua Tree </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Luminous Times ( Hold on to Love ) '' `` Walk to the Water '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 16 March 1987 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> 12 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> <Li> CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> Danesmoate House ( Dublin ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> U2 ( music ) </Li> <Li> Bono ( lyrics ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Lanois </Li> <Li> Brian Eno </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> U2 singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Joshua Tree track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bullet the Blue Sky '' ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` With or Without You '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` With or Without You '' is a song by Irish rock band U2 . It is the third track on their fifth studio album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , and was released as the album 's lead single on 16 March 1987 . The song was the group 's most successful single at the time , becoming their first number - one hit in both the United States and Canada by topping the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and the RPM national singles chart for one week , with a further three weeks at number two . </P> <P> `` With or Without You '' features sustained guitar parts played by guitarist the Edge with a prototype of the Infinite Guitar , along with vocals by lead singer Bono and a bassline by bassist Adam Clayton . The song originated from a demo recorded in late 1985 that the group continued to work on throughout The Joshua Tree sessions . Ostensibly a troubled love song , the track 's lyrics were inspired by Bono 's conflicting feelings about the lives he led as a musician and domestic man . </P> <P> Critics praised the song upon its release . It is frequently performed on the band 's tours , and it has appeared on many of their compilation albums and concert films . `` With or Without You '' is U2 's second most frequently covered song . In 2010 , Rolling Stone magazine placed the song at number 132 on their list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and recording </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Release and chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8 Personnel </Li> <Li> 9 Charts </Li> <Li> 10 Certifications </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> In late 1985 , U2 convened at a house that drummer Larry Mullen Jr. bought to review material the group had written during The Unforgettable Fire Tour . During this time , a rough demo of `` With or Without You '' was written , with lead vocalist Bono composing the song 's chord sequence . The band continued to work on the song at STS Studios , creating many permutations of the track , but not making any progress . Guitarist the Edge considered the song at that point to be `` awful '' . The track consisted of a Yamaha drum machine beat and a bass part played by bassist Adam Clayton using an Ibanez bass guitar with a short scale . According to Clayton , these early versions of the song sounded too sentimental and `` very traditional because the chords just went round and round and round '' . </P> <P> The sessions for The Joshua Tree started in earnest in 1986 , and U2 were recording at the Georgian mansion Danesmoate House in Dublin . The group attempted to take the song in a different direction , although Bono was reluctant . Under the direction of co-producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois , the Edge pursued more ambient guitar playing , Clayton turned up the volume on his bass , and Mullen experimented with an electronically enhanced drum kit . Despite the work they continued to put into the track , the group considered abandoning the song , as they could not find an arrangement they liked . </P> <P> Bono and his friend Gavin Friday continued to work on the song after Lanois and Eno declined to do so . Bono credits Friday with rescuing the song and rearranging it , believing it could be a hit . Eno added a keyboard arpeggio , similar to the one from `` Bad '' . The song 's fate was still in doubt when the Edge was sent a prototype of the Infinite Guitar by Canadian musician Michael Brook , with whom he had collaborated for the Captive soundtrack . The instrument allowed sustained notes to be played , producing `` a similar effect to the E-Bow '' \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Bono" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2018, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nWith or Without You - wikipedia <H1> With or Without You </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see With or Without You ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` With or Without You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> One of vinyl editions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by U2 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Joshua Tree </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Luminous Times ( Hold on to Love ) '' `` Walk to the Water '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 16 March 1987 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> 12 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> <Li> CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> Danesmoate House ( Dublin ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> U2 ( music ) </Li> <Li> Bono ( lyrics ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Lanois </Li> <Li> Brian Eno </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> U2 singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Joshua Tree track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bullet the Blue Sky '' ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` With or Without You '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` With or Without You '' is a song by Irish rock band U2 . It is the third track on their fifth studio album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , and was released as the album 's lead single on 16 March 1987 . The song was the group 's most successful single at the time , becoming their first number - one hit in both the United States and Canada by topping the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and the RPM national singles chart for one week , with a further three weeks at number two . </P> <P> `` With or Without You '' features sustained guitar parts played by guitarist the Edge with a prototype of the Infinite Guitar , along with vocals by lead singer Bono and a bassline by bassist Adam Clayton . The song originated from a demo recorded in late 1985 that the group continued to work on throughout The Joshua Tree sessions . Ostensibly a troubled love song , the track 's lyrics were inspired by Bono 's conflicting feelings about the lives he led as a musician and domestic man . </P> <P> Critics praised the song upon its release . It is frequently performed on the band 's tours , and it has appeared on many of their compilation albums and concert films . `` With or Without You '' is U2 's second most frequently covered song . In 2010 , Rolling Stone magazine placed the song at number 132 on their list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and recording </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Release and chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8 Personnel </Li> <Li> 9 Charts </Li> <Li> 10 Certifications </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> In late 1985 , U2 convened at a house that drummer Larry Mullen Jr. bought to review material the group had written during The Unforgettable Fire Tour . During this time , a rough demo of `` With or Without You '' was written , with lead vocalist Bono composing the song 's chord sequence . The band continued to work on the song at STS Studios , creating many permutations of the track , but not making any progress . Guitarist the Edge considered the song at that point to be `` awful '' . The track consisted of a Yamaha drum machine beat and a bass part played by bassist Adam Clayton using an Ibanez bass guitar with a short scale . According to Clayton , these early versions of the song sounded too sentimental and `` very traditional because the chords just went round and round and round '' . </P> <P> The sessions for The Joshua Tree started in earnest in 1986 , and U2 were recording at the Georgian mansion Danesmoate House in Dublin . The group attempted to take the song in a different direction , although Bono was reluctant . Under the direction of co-producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois , the Edge pursued more ambient guitar playing , Clayton turned up the volume on his bass , and Mullen experimented with an electronically enhanced drum kit . Despite the work they continued to put into the track , the group considered abandoning the song , as they could not find an arrangement they liked . </P> <P> Bono and his friend Gavin Friday continued to work on the song after Lanois and Eno declined to do so . Bono credits Friday with rescuing the song and rearranging it , believing it could be a hit . Eno added a keyboard arpeggio , similar to the one from `` Bad '' . The song 's fate was still i\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings the song with or without you\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Bono" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2018, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings the song with or without you\n\nDocument:\nWith or Without You - wikipedia <H1> With or Without You </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see With or Without You ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` With or Without You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> One of vinyl editions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by U2 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album The Joshua Tree </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Luminous Times ( Hold on to Love ) '' `` Walk to the Water '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 16 March 1987 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> 12 '' vinyl </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> <Li> CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> Danesmoate House ( Dublin ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> U2 ( music ) </Li> <Li> Bono ( lyrics ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Lanois </Li> <Li> Brian Eno </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> U2 singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Unforgettable Fire '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> The Joshua Tree track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> `` With or Without You '' ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bullet the Blue Sky '' ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` With or Without You '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` With or Without You '' is a song by Irish rock band U2 . It is the third track on their fifth studio album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , and was released as the album 's lead single on 16 March 1987 . The song was the group 's most successful single at the time , becoming their first number - one hit in both the United States and Canada by topping the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and the RPM national singles chart for one week , with a further three weeks at number two . </P> <P> `` With or Without You '' features sustained guitar parts played by guitarist the Edge with a prototype of the Infinite Guitar , along with vocals by lead singer Bono and a bassline by bassist Adam Clayton . The song originated from a demo recorded in late 1985 that the group continued to work on throughout The Joshua Tree sessions . Ostensibly a troubled love song , the track 's lyrics were inspired by Bono 's conflicting feelings about the lives he led as a musician and domestic man . </P> <P> Critics praised the song upon its release . It is frequently performed on the band 's tours , and it has appeared on many of their compilation albums and concert films . `` With or Without You '' is U2 's second most frequently covered song . In 2010 , Rolling Stone magazine placed the song at number 132 on their list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and recording </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Release and chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8 Personnel </Li> <Li> 9 Charts </Li> <Li> 10 Certifications </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> In late 1985 , U2 convened at a house that drummer Larry Mullen Jr. bought to review material the group had written during The Unforgettable Fire Tour . During this time , a rough demo of `` With or Without You '' was written , with lead vocalist Bono composing the song 's chord sequence . The band continued to work on the song at STS Studios , creating many permutations of the track , but not making any progress . Guitarist the Edge considered the song at that point to be `` awful '' . The track consisted of a Yamaha drum machine beat and a bass part played by bassist Adam Clayton using an Ibanez bass guitar with a short scale . According to Clayton , these early versions of the song sounded too sentimental and `` very traditional because the chords just went round and round and round '' . </P> <P> The sessions for The Joshua Tree started in earnest in 1986 , and U2 were recording at the Georgian mansion Danesmoate House in Dublin . The group attempted to take the song in a different direction , although Bono was reluctant . Under the direction of co-producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois , the Edge pursued more ambient guitar playing , Clayton turned up the volume on his bass , and Mullen experimented with an electronically enhanced drum kit . Despite the work they continued to put into the track , the group considered abandoning the song , as they could not find an arrangement they liked . </P> <P> Bono and his friend Gavin Friday continued to work on the song after Lanois and Eno declined to do so . Bono credits Friday with rescuing the song and rearranging it , believing it could be a hit . Eno added a keyboard arpeggio , similar to the one from `` Bad '' . The song 's fate was still i\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Bono" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1659, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( Brazil version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( prison version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is the fifth single from Michael Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , released on March 31 , 1996 . The song remains one of the most controversial pieces Jackson ever composed . In the US , media scrutiny surrounding allegations of antisemitic lyrics were the catalyst for Jackson issuing multiple apologies and re-recording the song with altered lyrics . The singer countered allegations of antisemitism , arguing that reviews had misinterpreted the context of the song , either unintentionally or deliberately . </P> <P> The song was accompanied by two music videos directed by Spike Lee . The first was shot in two locations in Brazil , in Pelourinho , the historic city center of Salvador , and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta , where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image , the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics . Still , the residents of the area were happy to see the singer , hoping their problems would be made visible to a wider audience . The second video was shot in a prison and contained video footage of multiple references to human rights abuses . </P> <P> Commercially , the song became a top ten hit in all European countries and number one in Germany for three weeks . In the US , radio stations were reluctant to play the controversial composition ; it , however , managed to peak at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> The song was remixed with parts of songs such as `` Privacy '' ( from the album Invincible ) and `` Tabloid Junkie '' , and released on the Immortal album , in November , 2011 . </P> <P> The song was performed during Jackson 's third and final concert series , the HIStory World Tour which ran from 1996 to 1997 as part of a medley with `` Scream '' and `` In the Closet '' . The song was set to be performed on Jackson 's This Is It comeback concert series at The O2 Arena in London from July 2009 to March 2010 but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death on June 25 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Music and other commentary </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music videos </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Lyric dispute and context </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 6.1 US and Japan maxi single </Li> <Li> 6.2 US CD single </Li> <Li> 6.3 UK single </Li> <Li> 6.4 Visionary single </Li> <Li> 6.5 US 7 '' single : Epic -- 34 78264 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music and other commentary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song begins with a group of children singing the chorus , `` All I wan na say is that they do n't really care about us '' . In between the chorus lines , one child chants , `` Do n't worry what people say , we know the truth . '' after which another child says , `` Enough is enough of this garbage ! '' According to the sheet music published on Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is played in the key of D minor and the track 's time signature is common time . The song , which is cited as being a pop song , has a moderately slow tempo of 90 beats per minute . Instruments used include a piano and guitar . Jon Pareles stated that Jackson was calling himself `` a victim of police brutality '' and a `` victim of hate '' . He continued , `` A listener might wonder just who ' Us ' is supposed to be ... To make the songs lodge in the ear , Jackson uses elementary singsong melodies -- a ' nyah , nyah ' two - note motif in ' They Do n't Care About Us ' ... and he comes up with all kinds of surprises in the arrangements '' . </P> <P> James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine noted that musically , Jackson was no longer trying to hide any eccentricities he had , he expressed the opinion that in `` They Do n't Care About Us '' , the pop musician sounded more embattled than ever . Jim Farber of New York Daily News said that Jackson `` snarled '' while singing , that the song `` clicked '' and has an `` original clattering rhythm '' . The review of HIStory in The Washington Times noted of `` They Do n't Care About Us '' : `` ( it ) follows fast , inviting more pathos -- and more controversy . With haunting clapping and a police scanner in the background '' . The Sacramento Bee described it as a `` looped reggae - lite dance beat '' . </P> <P> The song gained renewed attention and relevance due to its use during Black Lives Matter protests in 2014 and 2015 . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the UK , it peaked at number four and stayed on the chart for three months . The song found particular success in Europe , peaking within the top ten in all countries , except in Spain , where peaked at number 11 , and remained in the chart for just one week . European highlights came in Austria , Switzerland , France , Belgium and Sweden , in these countries the song became a top five hit and stayed in their respective charts for a minimum of 21 weeks . The song reached the top of the charts for three weeks in Germany and stayed a full 30 weeks in the survey . It is the longest consecutive chart run of a Michael Jack\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did they don't really care about us come out\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "March 31 , 1996" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1659, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did they don't really care about us come out\n\nDocument:\n> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( Brazil version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( prison version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is the fifth single from Michael Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , released on March 31 , 1996 . The song remains one of the most controversial pieces Jackson ever composed . In the US , media scrutiny surrounding allegations of antisemitic lyrics were the catalyst for Jackson issuing multiple apologies and re-recording the song with altered lyrics . The singer countered allegations of antisemitism , arguing that reviews had misinterpreted the context of the song , either unintentionally or deliberately . </P> <P> The song was accompanied by two music videos directed by Spike Lee . The first was shot in two locations in Brazil , in Pelourinho , the historic city center of Salvador , and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta , where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image , the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics . Still , the residents of the area were happy to see the singer , hoping their problems would be made visible to a wider audience . The second video was shot in a prison and contained video footage of multiple references to human rights abuses . </P> <P> Commercially , the song became a top ten hit in all European countries and number one in Germany for three weeks . In the US , radio stations were reluctant to play the controversial composition ; it , however , managed to peak at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> The song was remixed with parts of songs such as `` Privacy '' ( from the album Invincible ) and `` Tabloid Junkie '' , and released on the Immortal album , in November , 2011 . </P> <P> The song was performed during Jackson 's third and final concert series , the HIStory World Tour which ran from 1996 to 1997 as part of a medley with `` Scream '' and `` In the Closet '' . The song was set to be performed on Jackson 's This Is It comeback concert series at The O2 Arena in London from July 2009 to March 2010 but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death on June 25 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Music and other commentary </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music videos </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Lyric dispute and context </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 6.1 US and Japan maxi single </Li> <Li> 6.2 US CD single </Li> <Li> 6.3 UK single </Li> <Li> 6.4 Visionary single </Li> <Li> 6.5 US 7 '' single : Epic -- 34 78264 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music and other commentary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song begins with a group of children singing the chorus , `` All I wan na say is that they do n't really care about us '' . In between the chorus lines , one child chants , `` Do n't worry what people say , we know the truth . '' after which another child says , `` Enough is enough of this garbage ! '' According to the sheet music published on Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is played in the key of D minor and the track 's time signature is common time . The song , which is cited as being a pop song , has a moderately slow tempo of 90 beats per minute . Instruments used include a piano and guitar . Jon Pareles stated that Jackson was calling himself `` a victim of police brutality '' and a `` victim of hate '' . He continued , `` A listener might wonder just who ' Us ' is supposed to be ... To make the songs lodge in the ear , Jackson uses elementary singsong melodies -- a ' nyah , nyah ' two - note motif in ' They Do n't Care About Us ' ... and he comes up with all kinds of surprises in the arrangements '' . </P> <P> James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine noted that musically , Jackson was no longer trying to hide any eccentricities he had , he expressed the opinion that in `` They Do n't Care About Us '' , the pop musician sounded more embattled than ever . Jim Farber of New York Daily News said that Jackson `` snarled '' while singing , that the song `` clicked '' and has an `` original clattering rhythm '' . The review of HIStory in The Washington Times noted of `` They Do n't Care About Us '' : `` ( it ) follows fast , inviting more pathos -- and more controversy . With haunting clapping and a police scanner in the background '' . The Sacramento Bee described it as a `` looped reggae - lite dance beat '' . </P> <P> The song gained renewed attention and relevance due to its use during Black Lives Matter protests in 2014 and 2015 . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the UK , it peaked at number four and stayed on the chart for three months . The song found particular success in Europe , peaking within the top ten in all countries , except in Spain , where peaked at number 11 , and remained in the chart for just one week . European highlights came in Austria , Switzerland , France , Belgium and Sweden , in these countries the song became a top five hit and stayed in their respective charts for a minimum of 21 weeks . The song reached the top of the charts for three weeks in Germany and stayed a full 30 weeks in the survey . It is the longest consecutive chart run of a Michael Jack\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "March 31 , 1996" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1810, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nTr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 44 ( album version ) 4 : 11 ( LP edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Epic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Michael Jackson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Need You '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` On the Line '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( Brazil version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( prison version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is the fifth single from Michael Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , released on March 31 , 1996 . The song remains one of the most controversial pieces Jackson ever composed . In the US , media scrutiny surrounding allegations of antisemitic lyrics were the catalyst for Jackson issuing multiple apologies and re-recording the song with altered lyrics . The singer countered allegations of antisemitism , arguing that reviews had misinterpreted the context of the song , either unintentionally or deliberately . </P> <P> The song was accompanied by two music videos directed by Spike Lee . The first was shot in two locations in Brazil , in Pelourinho , the historic city center of Salvador , and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta , where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image , the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics . Still , the residents of the area were happy to see the singer , hoping their problems would be made visible to a wider audience . The second video was shot in a prison and contained video footage of multiple references to human rights abuses . </P> <P> Commercially , the song became a top ten hit in all European countries and number one in Germany for three weeks . In the US , radio stations were reluctant to play the controversial composition ; it , however , managed to peak at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> The song was remixed with parts of songs such as `` Privacy '' ( from the album Invincible ) and `` Tabloid Junkie '' , and released on the Immortal album , in November , 2011 . </P> <P> The song was performed during Jackson 's third and final concert series , the HIStory World Tour which ran from 1996 to 1997 as part of a medley with `` Scream '' and `` In the Closet '' . The song was set to be performed on Jackson 's This Is It comeback concert series at The O2 Arena in London from July 2009 to March 2010 but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death on June 25 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Music and other commentary </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music videos </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Lyric dispute and context </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 6.1 US and Japan maxi single </Li> <Li> 6.2 US CD single </Li> <Li> 6.3 UK single </Li> <Li> 6.4 Visionary single </Li> <Li> 6.5 US 7 '' single : Epic -- 34 78264 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music and other commentary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song begins with a group of children singing the chorus , `` All I wan na say is that they do n't really care about us '' . In between the chorus lines , one child chants , `` Do n't worry what people say , we know the truth . '' after which another child says , `` Enough is enough of this garbage ! '' According to the sheet music published on Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is played in the key of D minor and the track 's time signature is common time . The song , which is cited as being a pop song , has a moderately slow tempo of 90 beats per minute . Instruments used include a piano and guitar . Jon Pareles stated that Jackson was calling himself `` a victim of police brutality '' and a `` victim of hate '' . He continued , `` A listener might wonder just who ' Us ' is supposed to be ... To make the songs lodge in the ear , Jackson uses elementary singsong melodies -- a ' nyah , nyah ' two - note motif in ' They Do n't Care About Us ' ... and he comes up with all kinds of surprises in the arrangements '' . </P> <P> James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine noted that musically , Jackson was no longer trying to hide any eccentricities he had , he expressed the opinion that in `` They Do n't Care About Us '' , the pop musician sounded more embattled than ever . Jim Farber of New York Daily News said that Jackson `` snarled '' while singing , that the song `` clicked '' and has an `` original clattering rhythm '' . The review of HIStory in The Washington Times noted of `` They Do n't Care About Us '' : `` ( it ) follows fast , inviting more pathos -- and more controversy . With haunting clapping and a police scanner in the background '' . The Sacramento Bee described it as a `` looped reggae - lite dance beat '' . </P> <P> The song gained renewed attention and relevance due to its use during Black Lives Matter protests in 2014 and 2015 . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the UK , it peaked at \n\nQuestion:\nwhen did they don't really care about us come out\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "March 31 , 1996" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1810, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did they don't really care about us come out\n\nDocument:\nTr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 44 ( album version ) 4 : 11 ( LP edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Epic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Michael Jackson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Need You '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` On the Line '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( Brazil version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( prison version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is the fifth single from Michael Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , released on March 31 , 1996 . The song remains one of the most controversial pieces Jackson ever composed . In the US , media scrutiny surrounding allegations of antisemitic lyrics were the catalyst for Jackson issuing multiple apologies and re-recording the song with altered lyrics . The singer countered allegations of antisemitism , arguing that reviews had misinterpreted the context of the song , either unintentionally or deliberately . </P> <P> The song was accompanied by two music videos directed by Spike Lee . The first was shot in two locations in Brazil , in Pelourinho , the historic city center of Salvador , and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta , where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image , the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics . Still , the residents of the area were happy to see the singer , hoping their problems would be made visible to a wider audience . The second video was shot in a prison and contained video footage of multiple references to human rights abuses . </P> <P> Commercially , the song became a top ten hit in all European countries and number one in Germany for three weeks . In the US , radio stations were reluctant to play the controversial composition ; it , however , managed to peak at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> The song was remixed with parts of songs such as `` Privacy '' ( from the album Invincible ) and `` Tabloid Junkie '' , and released on the Immortal album , in November , 2011 . </P> <P> The song was performed during Jackson 's third and final concert series , the HIStory World Tour which ran from 1996 to 1997 as part of a medley with `` Scream '' and `` In the Closet '' . The song was set to be performed on Jackson 's This Is It comeback concert series at The O2 Arena in London from July 2009 to March 2010 but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death on June 25 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Music and other commentary </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music videos </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Lyric dispute and context </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 6.1 US and Japan maxi single </Li> <Li> 6.2 US CD single </Li> <Li> 6.3 UK single </Li> <Li> 6.4 Visionary single </Li> <Li> 6.5 US 7 '' single : Epic -- 34 78264 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music and other commentary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song begins with a group of children singing the chorus , `` All I wan na say is that they do n't really care about us '' . In between the chorus lines , one child chants , `` Do n't worry what people say , we know the truth . '' after which another child says , `` Enough is enough of this garbage ! '' According to the sheet music published on Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is played in the key of D minor and the track 's time signature is common time . The song , which is cited as being a pop song , has a moderately slow tempo of 90 beats per minute . Instruments used include a piano and guitar . Jon Pareles stated that Jackson was calling himself `` a victim of police brutality '' and a `` victim of hate '' . He continued , `` A listener might wonder just who ' Us ' is supposed to be ... To make the songs lodge in the ear , Jackson uses elementary singsong melodies -- a ' nyah , nyah ' two - note motif in ' They Do n't Care About Us ' ... and he comes up with all kinds of surprises in the arrangements '' . </P> <P> James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine noted that musically , Jackson was no longer trying to hide any eccentricities he had , he expressed the opinion that in `` They Do n't Care About Us '' , the pop musician sounded more embattled than ever . Jim Farber of New York Daily News said that Jackson `` snarled '' while singing , that the song `` clicked '' and has an `` original clattering rhythm '' . The review of HIStory in The Washington Times noted of `` They Do n't Care About Us '' : `` ( it ) follows fast , inviting more pathos -- and more controversy . With haunting clapping and a police scanner in the background '' . The Sacramento Bee described it as a `` looped reggae - lite dance beat '' . </P> <P> The song gained renewed attention and relevance due to its use during Black Lives Matter protests in 2014 and 2015 . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the UK , it peaked at \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "March 31 , 1996" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1948, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nThey Do n't Care About Us - wikipedia <H1> They Do n't Care About Us </H1> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Michael Jackson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 31 , 1996 ( 1996 - 03 - 31 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD single </Li> <Li> 12 '' </Li> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> cassette single </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June 1989 , 1994 -- 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pop rock </Li> <Li> R&B </Li> <Li> rap rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 44 ( album version ) 4 : 11 ( LP edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Epic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Michael Jackson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Need You '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` On the Line '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( Brazil version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( prison version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is the fifth single from Michael Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , released on March 31 , 1996 . The song remains one of the most controversial pieces Jackson ever composed . In the US , media scrutiny surrounding allegations of antisemitic lyrics were the catalyst for Jackson issuing multiple apologies and re-recording the song with altered lyrics . The singer countered allegations of antisemitism , arguing that reviews had misinterpreted the context of the song , either unintentionally or deliberately . </P> <P> The song was accompanied by two music videos directed by Spike Lee . The first was shot in two locations in Brazil , in Pelourinho , the historic city center of Salvador , and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta , where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image , the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics . Still , the residents of the area were happy to see the singer , hoping their problems would be made visible to a wider audience . The second video was shot in a prison and contained video footage of multiple references to human rights abuses . </P> <P> Commercially , the song became a top ten hit in all European countries and number one in Germany for three weeks . In the US , radio stations were reluctant to play the controversial composition ; it , however , managed to peak at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> The song was remixed with parts of songs such as `` Privacy '' ( from the album Invincible ) and `` Tabloid Junkie '' , and released on the Immortal album , in November , 2011 . </P> <P> The song was performed during Jackson 's third and final concert series , the HIStory World Tour which ran from 1996 to 1997 as part of a medley with `` Scream '' and `` In the Closet '' . The song was set to be performed on Jackson 's This Is It comeback concert series at The O2 Arena in London from July 2009 to March 2010 but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death on June 25 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Music and other commentary </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music videos </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Lyric dispute and context </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 6.1 US and Japan maxi single </Li> <Li> 6.2 US CD single </Li> <Li> 6.3 UK single </Li> <Li> 6.4 Visionary single </Li> <Li> 6.5 US 7 '' single : Epic -- 34 78264 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music and other commentary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song begins with a group of children singing the chorus , `` All I wan na say is that they do n't really care about us '' . In between the chorus lines , one child chants , `` Do n't worry what people say , we know the truth . '' after which another child says , `` Enough is enough of this garbage ! '' According to the sheet music published on Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is played in the key of D minor and the track 's time signature is common time . The song , which is cited as being a pop song , has a moderately slow tempo of 90 beats per minute . Instruments used include a piano and guitar . Jon Pareles stated that Jackson was calling himself `` a victim of police brutality '' and a `` victim of hate '' . He continued , `` A listener might wonder just who ' Us ' is supposed to be ... To make the songs lodge in the ear , Jackson uses elementary singsong melodies -- a ' nyah , nyah ' two - note motif in ' They Do n't Care About Us ' ... and he comes up with all kinds of surprises in the arrangements '' . </P> <P> James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine noted that musically , Jackson was no longer trying to hide any eccentricities he had , he expressed the opinion that in `` They Do n't Care About Us ''\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did they don't really care about us come out\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "March 31 , 1996" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1948, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did they don't really care about us come out\n\nDocument:\nThey Do n't Care About Us - wikipedia <H1> They Do n't Care About Us </H1> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Single by Michael Jackson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> from the album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 31 , 1996 ( 1996 - 03 - 31 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD single </Li> <Li> 12 '' </Li> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> cassette single </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June 1989 , 1994 -- 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pop rock </Li> <Li> R&B </Li> <Li> rap rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 44 ( album version ) 4 : 11 ( LP edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Epic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Michael Jackson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I Need You '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` On the Line '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( Brazil version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' ( prison version ) on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is the fifth single from Michael Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , released on March 31 , 1996 . The song remains one of the most controversial pieces Jackson ever composed . In the US , media scrutiny surrounding allegations of antisemitic lyrics were the catalyst for Jackson issuing multiple apologies and re-recording the song with altered lyrics . The singer countered allegations of antisemitism , arguing that reviews had misinterpreted the context of the song , either unintentionally or deliberately . </P> <P> The song was accompanied by two music videos directed by Spike Lee . The first was shot in two locations in Brazil , in Pelourinho , the historic city center of Salvador , and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta , where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image , the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics . Still , the residents of the area were happy to see the singer , hoping their problems would be made visible to a wider audience . The second video was shot in a prison and contained video footage of multiple references to human rights abuses . </P> <P> Commercially , the song became a top ten hit in all European countries and number one in Germany for three weeks . In the US , radio stations were reluctant to play the controversial composition ; it , however , managed to peak at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> The song was remixed with parts of songs such as `` Privacy '' ( from the album Invincible ) and `` Tabloid Junkie '' , and released on the Immortal album , in November , 2011 . </P> <P> The song was performed during Jackson 's third and final concert series , the HIStory World Tour which ran from 1996 to 1997 as part of a medley with `` Scream '' and `` In the Closet '' . The song was set to be performed on Jackson 's This Is It comeback concert series at The O2 Arena in London from July 2009 to March 2010 but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death on June 25 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1 Music and other commentary </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music videos </Li> <Li> 4 Live performances </Li> <Li> 5 Lyric dispute and context </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 6.1 US and Japan maxi single </Li> <Li> 6.2 US CD single </Li> <Li> 6.3 UK single </Li> <Li> 6.4 Visionary single </Li> <Li> 6.5 US 7 '' single : Epic -- 34 78264 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music and other commentary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song begins with a group of children singing the chorus , `` All I wan na say is that they do n't really care about us '' . In between the chorus lines , one child chants , `` Do n't worry what people say , we know the truth . '' after which another child says , `` Enough is enough of this garbage ! '' According to the sheet music published on Musicnotes.com by Alfred Music Publishing `` They Do n't Care About Us '' is played in the key of D minor and the track 's time signature is common time . The song , which is cited as being a pop song , has a moderately slow tempo of 90 beats per minute . Instruments used include a piano and guitar . Jon Pareles stated that Jackson was calling himself `` a victim of police brutality '' and a `` victim of hate '' . He continued , `` A listener might wonder just who ' Us ' is supposed to be ... To make the songs lodge in the ear , Jackson uses elementary singsong melodies -- a ' nyah , nyah ' two - note motif in ' They Do n't Care About Us ' ... and he comes up with all kinds of surprises in the arrangements '' . </P> <P> James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine noted that musically , Jackson was no longer trying to hide any eccentricities he had , he expressed the opinion that in `` They Do n't Care About Us ''\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "March 31 , 1996" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1692, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nnsisting of a seven - issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven , and various other tie - in books published by Marvel at the time . The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines , particularly `` Avengers Disassembled '' , `` House of M '' , and `` Decimation '' . The tagline for the series is , `` Whose Side Are You On ? '' </P> <P> The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act , ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation , somewhat akin to law enforcement . However , superheroes opposed to the act , led by Captain America , find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act , led by Iron Man , with Spider - Man caught in the middle ; the X-Men take a neutral stance . The superheroes in support of the law , such as Iron Man , Mister Fantastic and Ms. Marvel , become increasingly authoritarian . In the aftermath of the war , Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned . The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line , with real - life events and discussions , such as the U.S. government 's increased surveillance of its citizens , serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War . A sequel , Civil War II , debuted in June 2016 . </P> <P> The series polarized critics but was a commercial success . It is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America : Civil War , which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other but on a different basis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Delays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Amazing Spider - Man : Renew Your Vows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Earth - 3490 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spider - Verse </Li> <Li> 3.4 What If ? </Li> <Li> 3.5 Contest of Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil War in Secret Wars ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Civil War II ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2 Film </Li> <Li> 7.3 Television </Li> <Li> 7.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States . Mark Millar , writer for the story , has said : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different . People thought they were dangerous , but they did not want a ban . What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny . It was the perfect solution and nobody , as far as I 'm aware , has done this before . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a `` human weapon of mass destruction , '' reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training . Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D. , earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants . Characters within the superhero community in the Marvel Universe split into two groups : one advocating the registration as a responsible obligation , and the other opposing the law on the grounds that it violates civil liberties and the protection that secret identities provide . While arguing directly with Iron Man about the law , Luke Cage ( previously the second Power Man ) , an African American , compared the mandatory registration to slavery . A number of villains have also chosen to take sides , some choosing to side with the registration , others against it . </P> Writer Mark Millar signing copies of the collectors edition of the main miniseries during an appearance at Midtown Comics in Manhattan . <H3> Delays ( edit ) </H3> <P> Marvel announced in August 2006 that some issues of the main Civil War series would be pushed back several months to accommodate artist Steve McNiven . The schedule had issue # 4 being released one month late , in September , while issue # 5 was released two months later , in November . Furthermore , various tie - in books including the Civil War : Front Line miniseries and tie - in issues of other comics were delayed several months so as not to reveal any plot developments . </P> <P> In late November 2006 , Marvel announced another delay . Civil War # 6 , originally scheduled for release on December 20 , was pushed back two weeks and released on January 4 . Unlike the previous instance , only The Punisher War Journal # 2 was delayed . In a final act of rescheduling , Civil War # 7 was pushed back two weeks ( from January 17 to January 31 ) , and then pushed back again until February 21 . </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In summary , an explosion in Stamford , Connecticut by the villain Nitro causes the U.S. government to introduce the Superhero Registration Act . Those not adhering to it are deemed unregistered and rogue superheroes . Tony Stark and Reed Richards lead the side of the pro-registration superheroes . Captain America leads the anti-registration side . Spider - Man , initially with Tony Stark , eventually joins the team of Captain America . Goliath is killed by the pro-registration superheroes . Many supervillains join the government in hunting down superheroes . </P> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Amazing Spider - Man : renew your vows ( edit ) </H3> <P> When the Super-Human Registration Act was proposed , Professor X and the Avengers proposed an alternative method with self - policing of mutantkind and super-powered communities , preventing Civil Wa\n\nQuestion:\nhow many marvel civil war comics are there\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "seven" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1692, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many marvel civil war comics are there\n\nDocument:\nnsisting of a seven - issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven , and various other tie - in books published by Marvel at the time . The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines , particularly `` Avengers Disassembled '' , `` House of M '' , and `` Decimation '' . The tagline for the series is , `` Whose Side Are You On ? '' </P> <P> The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act , ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation , somewhat akin to law enforcement . However , superheroes opposed to the act , led by Captain America , find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act , led by Iron Man , with Spider - Man caught in the middle ; the X-Men take a neutral stance . The superheroes in support of the law , such as Iron Man , Mister Fantastic and Ms. Marvel , become increasingly authoritarian . In the aftermath of the war , Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned . The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line , with real - life events and discussions , such as the U.S. government 's increased surveillance of its citizens , serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War . A sequel , Civil War II , debuted in June 2016 . </P> <P> The series polarized critics but was a commercial success . It is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America : Civil War , which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other but on a different basis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Delays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Amazing Spider - Man : Renew Your Vows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Earth - 3490 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spider - Verse </Li> <Li> 3.4 What If ? </Li> <Li> 3.5 Contest of Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil War in Secret Wars ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Civil War II ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2 Film </Li> <Li> 7.3 Television </Li> <Li> 7.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States . Mark Millar , writer for the story , has said : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different . People thought they were dangerous , but they did not want a ban . What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny . It was the perfect solution and nobody , as far as I 'm aware , has done this before . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a `` human weapon of mass destruction , '' reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training . Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D. , earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants . Characters within the superhero community in the Marvel Universe split into two groups : one advocating the registration as a responsible obligation , and the other opposing the law on the grounds that it violates civil liberties and the protection that secret identities provide . While arguing directly with Iron Man about the law , Luke Cage ( previously the second Power Man ) , an African American , compared the mandatory registration to slavery . A number of villains have also chosen to take sides , some choosing to side with the registration , others against it . </P> Writer Mark Millar signing copies of the collectors edition of the main miniseries during an appearance at Midtown Comics in Manhattan . <H3> Delays ( edit ) </H3> <P> Marvel announced in August 2006 that some issues of the main Civil War series would be pushed back several months to accommodate artist Steve McNiven . The schedule had issue # 4 being released one month late , in September , while issue # 5 was released two months later , in November . Furthermore , various tie - in books including the Civil War : Front Line miniseries and tie - in issues of other comics were delayed several months so as not to reveal any plot developments . </P> <P> In late November 2006 , Marvel announced another delay . Civil War # 6 , originally scheduled for release on December 20 , was pushed back two weeks and released on January 4 . Unlike the previous instance , only The Punisher War Journal # 2 was delayed . In a final act of rescheduling , Civil War # 7 was pushed back two weeks ( from January 17 to January 31 ) , and then pushed back again until February 21 . </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In summary , an explosion in Stamford , Connecticut by the villain Nitro causes the U.S. government to introduce the Superhero Registration Act . Those not adhering to it are deemed unregistered and rogue superheroes . Tony Stark and Reed Richards lead the side of the pro-registration superheroes . Captain America leads the anti-registration side . Spider - Man , initially with Tony Stark , eventually joins the team of Captain America . Goliath is killed by the pro-registration superheroes . Many supervillains join the government in hunting down superheroes . </P> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Amazing Spider - Man : renew your vows ( edit ) </H3> <P> When the Super-Human Registration Act was proposed , Professor X and the Avengers proposed an alternative method with self - policing of mutantkind and super-powered communities , preventing Civil Wa\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "seven" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1906, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nvol. 4 ) # 536 -- 543 Ghost Rider ( vol. 6 ) # 8 -- 11 Heroes for Hire ( vol. 1 ) # 1 -- 3 Iron Man ( vol. 2 ) # 7 - 14 Iron Man / Captain America : Casualties of War # 1 Moon Knight ( vol. 5 ) # 7 -- 12 Ms. Marvel ( vol. 2 ) # 6 -- 8 New Avengers : Illuminati Special # 1 Punisher War Journal ( vol. 2 ) # 1 -- 3 New Avengers # 21 -- 25 The Sensational Spider - Man ( vol. 2 ) # 28 -- 34 She - Hulk ( vol. 2 ) # 8 - 9 Thunderbolts ( vol. 3 ) # 103 -- 105 110 Winter Soldier : Winter Kills Wolverine # 42 -- 48 X-Factor ( vol. 3 ) # 8 -- 9 <P> Ultimate civil war : spider - ham 1 </P> <P> What if civil war 1 </P> <P> Civil war poster book1 </P> <P> Daily bugle civil war newspaper special 1 </P> <P> Marvel spotlight civil war aftermath 1 </P> Marvel spotlight Mark Millar / Steve McNiven 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main character ( s ) </Th> <Td> Iron Man Captain America Spider - Man Fantastic Four Marvel Universe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Creative team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mark Millar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Penciller ( s ) </Th> <Td> Steve McNiven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inker ( s ) </Th> <Td> Dexter Vines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colorist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Morry Hollowell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Civil War </Th> <Td> ISBN 0 - 7851 - 2179 - X </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Civil War '' is a 2006 -- 07 Marvel Comics crossover storyline consisting of a seven - issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven , and various other tie - in books published by Marvel at the time . The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines , particularly `` Avengers Disassembled '' , `` House of M '' , and `` Decimation '' . The tagline for the series is , `` Whose Side Are You On ? '' </P> <P> The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act , ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation , somewhat akin to law enforcement . However , superheroes opposed to the act , led by Captain America , find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act , led by Iron Man , with Spider - Man caught in the middle ; the X-Men take a neutral stance . The superheroes in support of the law , such as Iron Man , Mister Fantastic and Ms. Marvel , become increasingly authoritarian . In the aftermath of the war , Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned . The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line , with real - life events and discussions , such as the U.S. government 's increased surveillance of its citizens , serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War . A sequel , Civil War II , debuted in June 2016 . </P> <P> The series polarized critics but was a commercial success . It is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America : Civil War , which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other but on a different basis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Delays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Amazing Spider - Man : Renew Your Vows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Earth - 3490 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spider - Verse </Li> <Li> 3.4 What If ? </Li> <Li> 3.5 Contest of Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil War in Secret Wars ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Civil War II ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2 Film </Li> <Li> 7.3 Television </Li> <Li> 7.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States . Mark Millar , writer for the story , has said : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different . People thought they were dangerous , but they did not want a ban . What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny . It was the perfect solution and nobody , as far as I 'm aware , has done this before . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a `` human weapon of mass destruction , '' reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training . Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D. , earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants . Characters within the superhero community in the Marvel Universe split into two groups : one advocating the registration as a responsible obligation , and the other opposing the law on the grounds that it violates civil liberties and the protection that secret identities provide . While arguing directly with Iron Man about the law , Luke Cage ( previously the second Power Man ) , an African American , compared the mandatory registration to slavery . A number of villains have also chosen to take sides , some choosing to side with the registration , others against it . </P> Writer Mark Millar signing copies of the collectors edition of the main miniseries during an appearance at Midtown Comics in Manhattan . <H3> Delays ( edit ) </H3> <P> Marvel announced in August 2006 that some issues of the main Civil War series would be pushed back several months to accommodate artist Steve McNiven . The schedule had issue # 4 being released one month late , in September , while issue # 5 was released two months later , in November . Furthermore , various tie - in books including the Civil War : Front Line miniseries and tie - in issues of other comics were delayed several months so as not to reveal any plot developments . </P> <P> In late November 2006 , Marvel announced another delay . Civil War # 6 , originally scheduled for release on December 20 , was pushed back two weeks and released on January 4 . Unlike the previous instance , only The Punisher War \n\nQuestion:\nhow many marvel civil war comics are there\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "seven" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1906, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many marvel civil war comics are there\n\nDocument:\nvol. 4 ) # 536 -- 543 Ghost Rider ( vol. 6 ) # 8 -- 11 Heroes for Hire ( vol. 1 ) # 1 -- 3 Iron Man ( vol. 2 ) # 7 - 14 Iron Man / Captain America : Casualties of War # 1 Moon Knight ( vol. 5 ) # 7 -- 12 Ms. Marvel ( vol. 2 ) # 6 -- 8 New Avengers : Illuminati Special # 1 Punisher War Journal ( vol. 2 ) # 1 -- 3 New Avengers # 21 -- 25 The Sensational Spider - Man ( vol. 2 ) # 28 -- 34 She - Hulk ( vol. 2 ) # 8 - 9 Thunderbolts ( vol. 3 ) # 103 -- 105 110 Winter Soldier : Winter Kills Wolverine # 42 -- 48 X-Factor ( vol. 3 ) # 8 -- 9 <P> Ultimate civil war : spider - ham 1 </P> <P> What if civil war 1 </P> <P> Civil war poster book1 </P> <P> Daily bugle civil war newspaper special 1 </P> <P> Marvel spotlight civil war aftermath 1 </P> Marvel spotlight Mark Millar / Steve McNiven 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main character ( s ) </Th> <Td> Iron Man Captain America Spider - Man Fantastic Four Marvel Universe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Creative team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mark Millar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Penciller ( s ) </Th> <Td> Steve McNiven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inker ( s ) </Th> <Td> Dexter Vines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colorist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Morry Hollowell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Civil War </Th> <Td> ISBN 0 - 7851 - 2179 - X </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Civil War '' is a 2006 -- 07 Marvel Comics crossover storyline consisting of a seven - issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven , and various other tie - in books published by Marvel at the time . The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines , particularly `` Avengers Disassembled '' , `` House of M '' , and `` Decimation '' . The tagline for the series is , `` Whose Side Are You On ? '' </P> <P> The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act , ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation , somewhat akin to law enforcement . However , superheroes opposed to the act , led by Captain America , find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act , led by Iron Man , with Spider - Man caught in the middle ; the X-Men take a neutral stance . The superheroes in support of the law , such as Iron Man , Mister Fantastic and Ms. Marvel , become increasingly authoritarian . In the aftermath of the war , Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned . The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line , with real - life events and discussions , such as the U.S. government 's increased surveillance of its citizens , serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War . A sequel , Civil War II , debuted in June 2016 . </P> <P> The series polarized critics but was a commercial success . It is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America : Civil War , which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other but on a different basis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Delays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Amazing Spider - Man : Renew Your Vows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Earth - 3490 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spider - Verse </Li> <Li> 3.4 What If ? </Li> <Li> 3.5 Contest of Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil War in Secret Wars ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Civil War II ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2 Film </Li> <Li> 7.3 Television </Li> <Li> 7.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States . Mark Millar , writer for the story , has said : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different . People thought they were dangerous , but they did not want a ban . What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny . It was the perfect solution and nobody , as far as I 'm aware , has done this before . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a `` human weapon of mass destruction , '' reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training . Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D. , earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants . Characters within the superhero community in the Marvel Universe split into two groups : one advocating the registration as a responsible obligation , and the other opposing the law on the grounds that it violates civil liberties and the protection that secret identities provide . While arguing directly with Iron Man about the law , Luke Cage ( previously the second Power Man ) , an African American , compared the mandatory registration to slavery . A number of villains have also chosen to take sides , some choosing to side with the registration , others against it . </P> Writer Mark Millar signing copies of the collectors edition of the main miniseries during an appearance at Midtown Comics in Manhattan . <H3> Delays ( edit ) </H3> <P> Marvel announced in August 2006 that some issues of the main Civil War series would be pushed back several months to accommodate artist Steve McNiven . The schedule had issue # 4 being released one month late , in September , while issue # 5 was released two months later , in November . Furthermore , various tie - in books including the Civil War : Front Line miniseries and tie - in issues of other comics were delayed several months so as not to reveal any plot developments . </P> <P> In late November 2006 , Marvel announced another delay . Civil War # 6 , originally scheduled for release on December 20 , was pushed back two weeks and released on January 4 . Unlike the previous instance , only The Punisher War \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "seven" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2122, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nCivil War ( Comics ) - Wikipedia <H1> Civil War ( Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Civil War '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Cover of Civil War 7 ( Jan 2007 ) . Art by Steven McNiven . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> July 2006 -- January 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Title ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Amazing Spider - Man ( vol. 3 ) # 529 -- 538 Black Panther ( vol. 4 ) # 17 - 18 21 -- 25 Blade ( vol. 6 ) # 5 Cable & Deadpool # 30 -- 32 Captain America ( vol. 5 ) # 22 -- 25 Civil War # 1 -- 7 Civil War : Choosing Sides # 1 Civil War : Battle Damage Report # 1 Civil War : Files # 1 Civil War : Front Line # 1 -- 11 Civil War : Opening Shot Civil War : The Confession # 1 Civil War : The Initiative # 1 Civil War : War Crimes # 1 Civil War : The Return # 1 Civil War : X-Men # 1 -- 4 Civil War : Young Avengers / Runaways # 1 -- 4 Fallen Son : The Death of Captain America # 1 -- 5 Fantastic Four ( vol. 4 ) # 536 -- 543 Ghost Rider ( vol. 6 ) # 8 -- 11 Heroes for Hire ( vol. 1 ) # 1 -- 3 Iron Man ( vol. 2 ) # 7 - 14 Iron Man / Captain America : Casualties of War # 1 Moon Knight ( vol. 5 ) # 7 -- 12 Ms. Marvel ( vol. 2 ) # 6 -- 8 New Avengers : Illuminati Special # 1 Punisher War Journal ( vol. 2 ) # 1 -- 3 New Avengers # 21 -- 25 The Sensational Spider - Man ( vol. 2 ) # 28 -- 34 She - Hulk ( vol. 2 ) # 8 - 9 Thunderbolts ( vol. 3 ) # 103 -- 105 110 Winter Soldier : Winter Kills Wolverine # 42 -- 48 X-Factor ( vol. 3 ) # 8 -- 9 <P> Ultimate civil war : spider - ham 1 </P> <P> What if civil war 1 </P> <P> Civil war poster book1 </P> <P> Daily bugle civil war newspaper special 1 </P> <P> Marvel spotlight civil war aftermath 1 </P> Marvel spotlight Mark Millar / Steve McNiven 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main character ( s ) </Th> <Td> Iron Man Captain America Spider - Man Fantastic Four Marvel Universe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Creative team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mark Millar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Penciller ( s ) </Th> <Td> Steve McNiven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inker ( s ) </Th> <Td> Dexter Vines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colorist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Morry Hollowell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Civil War </Th> <Td> ISBN 0 - 7851 - 2179 - X </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Civil War '' is a 2006 -- 07 Marvel Comics crossover storyline consisting of a seven - issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven , and various other tie - in books published by Marvel at the time . The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines , particularly `` Avengers Disassembled '' , `` House of M '' , and `` Decimation '' . The tagline for the series is , `` Whose Side Are You On ? '' </P> <P> The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act , ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation , somewhat akin to law enforcement . However , superheroes opposed to the act , led by Captain America , find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act , led by Iron Man , with Spider - Man caught in the middle ; the X-Men take a neutral stance . The superheroes in support of the law , such as Iron Man , Mister Fantastic and Ms. Marvel , become increasingly authoritarian . In the aftermath of the war , Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned . The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line , with real - life events and discussions , such as the U.S. government 's increased surveillance of its citizens , serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War . A sequel , Civil War II , debuted in June 2016 . </P> <P> The series polarized critics but was a commercial success . It is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America : Civil War , which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other but on a different basis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Delays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Amazing Spider - Man : Renew Your Vows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Earth - 3490 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spider - Verse </Li> <Li> 3.4 What If ? </Li> <Li> 3.5 Contest of Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil War in Secret Wars ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Civil War II ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2 Film </Li> <Li> 7.3 Television </Li> <Li> 7.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States . Mark Millar , writer for the story , has said : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different . People thought they were dangerous , but they did not want a ban . What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny . It was the perfect solution and nobody , as far as I 'm aware , has done this before . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a `` human weapon of mass destruction , '' reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training . Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D. , earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants . Characters within the su\n\nQuestion:\nhow many marvel civil war comics are there\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "seven" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2122, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many marvel civil war comics are there\n\nDocument:\nCivil War ( Comics ) - Wikipedia <H1> Civil War ( Comics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> `` Civil War '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Cover of Civil War 7 ( Jan 2007 ) . Art by Steven McNiven . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Marvel Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> July 2006 -- January 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Title ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Amazing Spider - Man ( vol. 3 ) # 529 -- 538 Black Panther ( vol. 4 ) # 17 - 18 21 -- 25 Blade ( vol. 6 ) # 5 Cable & Deadpool # 30 -- 32 Captain America ( vol. 5 ) # 22 -- 25 Civil War # 1 -- 7 Civil War : Choosing Sides # 1 Civil War : Battle Damage Report # 1 Civil War : Files # 1 Civil War : Front Line # 1 -- 11 Civil War : Opening Shot Civil War : The Confession # 1 Civil War : The Initiative # 1 Civil War : War Crimes # 1 Civil War : The Return # 1 Civil War : X-Men # 1 -- 4 Civil War : Young Avengers / Runaways # 1 -- 4 Fallen Son : The Death of Captain America # 1 -- 5 Fantastic Four ( vol. 4 ) # 536 -- 543 Ghost Rider ( vol. 6 ) # 8 -- 11 Heroes for Hire ( vol. 1 ) # 1 -- 3 Iron Man ( vol. 2 ) # 7 - 14 Iron Man / Captain America : Casualties of War # 1 Moon Knight ( vol. 5 ) # 7 -- 12 Ms. Marvel ( vol. 2 ) # 6 -- 8 New Avengers : Illuminati Special # 1 Punisher War Journal ( vol. 2 ) # 1 -- 3 New Avengers # 21 -- 25 The Sensational Spider - Man ( vol. 2 ) # 28 -- 34 She - Hulk ( vol. 2 ) # 8 - 9 Thunderbolts ( vol. 3 ) # 103 -- 105 110 Winter Soldier : Winter Kills Wolverine # 42 -- 48 X-Factor ( vol. 3 ) # 8 -- 9 <P> Ultimate civil war : spider - ham 1 </P> <P> What if civil war 1 </P> <P> Civil war poster book1 </P> <P> Daily bugle civil war newspaper special 1 </P> <P> Marvel spotlight civil war aftermath 1 </P> Marvel spotlight Mark Millar / Steve McNiven 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main character ( s ) </Th> <Td> Iron Man Captain America Spider - Man Fantastic Four Marvel Universe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Creative team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mark Millar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Penciller ( s ) </Th> <Td> Steve McNiven </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inker ( s ) </Th> <Td> Dexter Vines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colorist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Morry Hollowell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Civil War </Th> <Td> ISBN 0 - 7851 - 2179 - X </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Civil War '' is a 2006 -- 07 Marvel Comics crossover storyline consisting of a seven - issue limited series of the same name written by Mark Millar and penciled by Steve McNiven , and various other tie - in books published by Marvel at the time . The storyline builds upon the events that developed in previous Marvel storylines , particularly `` Avengers Disassembled '' , `` House of M '' , and `` Decimation '' . The tagline for the series is , `` Whose Side Are You On ? '' </P> <P> The plot of the series follows a framework story line in which the U.S. government passes a Superhero Registration Act , ostensibly designed to have super powered individuals act under official regulation , somewhat akin to law enforcement . However , superheroes opposed to the act , led by Captain America , find themselves in conflict with those supporting the act , led by Iron Man , with Spider - Man caught in the middle ; the X-Men take a neutral stance . The superheroes in support of the law , such as Iron Man , Mister Fantastic and Ms. Marvel , become increasingly authoritarian . In the aftermath of the war , Captain America surrenders and is imprisoned . The conflict between freedom and security is an underlying theme in the story line , with real - life events and discussions , such as the U.S. government 's increased surveillance of its citizens , serving as a backdrop for the events in Civil War . A sequel , Civil War II , debuted in June 2016 . </P> <P> The series polarized critics but was a commercial success . It is the basis for the Marvel Studios film Captain America : Civil War , which likewise features Captain America and Iron Man in opposition to each other but on a different basis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Delays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Other versions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Amazing Spider - Man : Renew Your Vows </Li> <Li> 3.2 Earth - 3490 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spider - Verse </Li> <Li> 3.4 What If ? </Li> <Li> 3.5 Contest of Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Civil War in Secret Wars ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 5 Civil War II ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 In other media <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Novels </Li> <Li> 7.2 Film </Li> <Li> 7.3 Television </Li> <Li> 7.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The premise of Civil War involves the introduction of a Superhuman Registration Act in the United States . Mark Millar , writer for the story , has said : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I opted instead for making the superhero dilemma something a little different . People thought they were dangerous , but they did not want a ban . What they wanted was superheroes paid by the federal government like cops and open to the same kind of scrutiny . It was the perfect solution and nobody , as far as I 'm aware , has done this before . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The act requires any person in the United States with superhuman abilities to register with the federal government as a `` human weapon of mass destruction , '' reveal their true identity to the authorities and then undergo proper training . Those who sign also have the option of working for S.H.I.E.L.D. , earning a salary and benefits such as those earned by other American civil servants . Characters within the su\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "seven" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1597, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling ( edit ) </H3> <P> ECW had its origins in 1989 under the banner Tri-State Wrestling Alliance owned by Joel Goodhart . ECW would , in fact , continue to use the former Tri-State Heavyweight championship belt to represent its own Championship , although the ECW title was not considered a continuation of that title . In 1992 , Goodhart sold his share of the company to his partner , Tod Gordon , who in return renamed the promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling . When Eastern Championship Wrestling was founded , it was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . At the time , `` Hot Stuff '' Eddie Gilbert was the lead booker of Eastern Championship Wrestling . Gilbert , after a falling out with Tod Gordon , was replaced in September 1993 by Paul Heyman . Heyman , known on television as Paul E. Dangerously , had just left World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and was looking for a new challenge . </P> Eastern Championship Wrestling logo . <H3> Secession from the NWA ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Jim Crockett 's non-compete agreement with Ted Turner , who purchased World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) from Crockett in November 1988 , was up and he decided to start promoting with the NWA again . Crockett went to Tod Gordon and asked him to hold a tournament for the NWA 's top prize , the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in ECW 's home area of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on August 27 , 1994 . NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo alleged that Crockett and Gordon were going to try to monopolize the title ( akin to Crockett 's actions in the 1980s ) and stated Crockett did not have the NWA board 's approval , which resulted in Coralluzzo personally overseeing the tournament . Gordon took offense at Coralluzzo for his power plays and began contemplating a plan to secede ECW from the NWA through a controversial and public manner that would attract attention to ECW and insult the NWA organization . Gordon planned to have Shane Douglas , who was scheduled to face 2 Cold Scorpio in the tournament finals , throw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt upon winning as an act of defiance . </P> <P> Tod Gordon and Paul Heyman originally planned the idea of throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt . Heyman persuaded Douglas by noting that the negative would only be that NWA traditionalists would just see them as traitors to tradition . Adding to Douglas ' decision was the animosity between Douglas and NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo , who at the time publicly criticized Douglas and told NWA affiliated bookers not to book Douglas for shows . Coralluzzo believed that Douglas was a `` bad risk '' and had the tendency to no - show events . Douglas ultimately decided to go through with Gordon and Heyman 's plan , inspired by his father 's motto of `` doing right by the people that do right by you . '' After looking up and saying , `` This is it tonight , Dad , '' Douglas threw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt , stating that he did not want to be champion of a `` dead promotion '' that `` died seven years ago . '' He then raised the Eastern Championship Wrestling title belt and declared it to be a World Heavyweight Championship -- calling it the only real world title left in professional wrestling . When recalling this event years later , Paul Heyman stated the following in a 1998 chat : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> The National Wrestling Alliance was old - school when old - school was n't hip anymore . We wanted to set our mark , we wanted to breakaway from the pack , we wanted to let the world know that we were n't just some independent promotion . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Coralluzzo was interviewed after the event and declared that Douglas would be the world champion of the NWA `` whether he likes it or not '' , calling Douglas ' actions a `` disgrace '' and said he would move to have Douglas stripped of both the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and the Eastern Championship Wrestling Heavyweight Championship , calling him `` undeserving '' of both titles . Gordon made the following announcement on the next edition of NWA - ECW programming : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I listened with great interest as the representative of the NWA board of directors took it upon himself to inform you that they have the power to force NWA - Eastern Championship Wrestling not to recognize The Franchise , Shane Douglas , as a world heavyweight champion . Well , as of noon today , I have folded NWA - Eastern Championship Wrestling . In its place will be ECW - Extreme Championship Wrestling - and we recognize The Franchise , Shane Douglas , as our World Heavyweight Champion . And we encourage any wrestler in the world today to come to the ECW to challenge for that belt . This is the ECW , Extreme Championship Wrestling , changing the face of professional wrestling . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The promotion showcased many different styles of professional wrestling , including hardcore wrestling matches as well as lucha libre and Japanese wrestling styles . </P> <H3> ECW Arena and television syndication ( edit ) </H3> See also : ECW Hardcore TV <P> The bulk of ECW 's shows remained at the ECW Arena , a former warehouse secluded under a section of Interstate 95 . Seating comprised simple folding chairs and four sets of portable bleachers , and the whole sort of unconventional set up reflected the gritty style of the wrestling itself . Shows were actually broadcast on a Philadelphia local cable sports station ( SportsChannel America 's local affiliate , SportsChannel Philadelphia ) on Tuesday evenings . After Sports Channel Philadelphia went off the air in 1997 , the show moved to WPPX - TV 61 . It later moved to a former independent broadcast station ( WGTW 48 ) in Philadelphia on either Friday or Saturday night at 1 or 2 a.m. Shows were also aired on the MSG Network in NYC on Friday nights ( Early Saturday morning ) at 2 a.m. Due to the obscurity of the stations and ECW itself , as well as the lack of FCC oversight at that late hour , many times expletives and violence were not edited out of these showings , along with extensive use of copyrighted music and music videos . </P> <H3> Paul Heyman and cross promotion ( edit ) </\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did ecw change to extreme championship wrestling\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1992" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1597, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did ecw change to extreme championship wrestling\n\nDocument:\n Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling ( edit ) </H3> <P> ECW had its origins in 1989 under the banner Tri-State Wrestling Alliance owned by Joel Goodhart . ECW would , in fact , continue to use the former Tri-State Heavyweight championship belt to represent its own Championship , although the ECW title was not considered a continuation of that title . In 1992 , Goodhart sold his share of the company to his partner , Tod Gordon , who in return renamed the promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling . When Eastern Championship Wrestling was founded , it was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . At the time , `` Hot Stuff '' Eddie Gilbert was the lead booker of Eastern Championship Wrestling . Gilbert , after a falling out with Tod Gordon , was replaced in September 1993 by Paul Heyman . Heyman , known on television as Paul E. Dangerously , had just left World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and was looking for a new challenge . </P> Eastern Championship Wrestling logo . <H3> Secession from the NWA ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Jim Crockett 's non-compete agreement with Ted Turner , who purchased World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) from Crockett in November 1988 , was up and he decided to start promoting with the NWA again . Crockett went to Tod Gordon and asked him to hold a tournament for the NWA 's top prize , the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in ECW 's home area of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on August 27 , 1994 . NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo alleged that Crockett and Gordon were going to try to monopolize the title ( akin to Crockett 's actions in the 1980s ) and stated Crockett did not have the NWA board 's approval , which resulted in Coralluzzo personally overseeing the tournament . Gordon took offense at Coralluzzo for his power plays and began contemplating a plan to secede ECW from the NWA through a controversial and public manner that would attract attention to ECW and insult the NWA organization . Gordon planned to have Shane Douglas , who was scheduled to face 2 Cold Scorpio in the tournament finals , throw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt upon winning as an act of defiance . </P> <P> Tod Gordon and Paul Heyman originally planned the idea of throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt . Heyman persuaded Douglas by noting that the negative would only be that NWA traditionalists would just see them as traitors to tradition . Adding to Douglas ' decision was the animosity between Douglas and NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo , who at the time publicly criticized Douglas and told NWA affiliated bookers not to book Douglas for shows . Coralluzzo believed that Douglas was a `` bad risk '' and had the tendency to no - show events . Douglas ultimately decided to go through with Gordon and Heyman 's plan , inspired by his father 's motto of `` doing right by the people that do right by you . '' After looking up and saying , `` This is it tonight , Dad , '' Douglas threw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt , stating that he did not want to be champion of a `` dead promotion '' that `` died seven years ago . '' He then raised the Eastern Championship Wrestling title belt and declared it to be a World Heavyweight Championship -- calling it the only real world title left in professional wrestling . When recalling this event years later , Paul Heyman stated the following in a 1998 chat : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> The National Wrestling Alliance was old - school when old - school was n't hip anymore . We wanted to set our mark , we wanted to breakaway from the pack , we wanted to let the world know that we were n't just some independent promotion . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Coralluzzo was interviewed after the event and declared that Douglas would be the world champion of the NWA `` whether he likes it or not '' , calling Douglas ' actions a `` disgrace '' and said he would move to have Douglas stripped of both the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and the Eastern Championship Wrestling Heavyweight Championship , calling him `` undeserving '' of both titles . Gordon made the following announcement on the next edition of NWA - ECW programming : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> I listened with great interest as the representative of the NWA board of directors took it upon himself to inform you that they have the power to force NWA - Eastern Championship Wrestling not to recognize The Franchise , Shane Douglas , as a world heavyweight champion . Well , as of noon today , I have folded NWA - Eastern Championship Wrestling . In its place will be ECW - Extreme Championship Wrestling - and we recognize The Franchise , Shane Douglas , as our World Heavyweight Champion . And we encourage any wrestler in the world today to come to the ECW to challenge for that belt . This is the ECW , Extreme Championship Wrestling , changing the face of professional wrestling . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The promotion showcased many different styles of professional wrestling , including hardcore wrestling matches as well as lucha libre and Japanese wrestling styles . </P> <H3> ECW Arena and television syndication ( edit ) </H3> See also : ECW Hardcore TV <P> The bulk of ECW 's shows remained at the ECW Arena , a former warehouse secluded under a section of Interstate 95 . Seating comprised simple folding chairs and four sets of portable bleachers , and the whole sort of unconventional set up reflected the gritty style of the wrestling itself . Shows were actually broadcast on a Philadelphia local cable sports station ( SportsChannel America 's local affiliate , SportsChannel Philadelphia ) on Tuesday evenings . After Sports Channel Philadelphia went off the air in 1997 , the show moved to WPPX - TV 61 . It later moved to a former independent broadcast station ( WGTW 48 ) in Philadelphia on either Friday or Saturday night at 1 or 2 a.m. Shows were also aired on the MSG Network in NYC on Friday nights ( Early Saturday morning ) at 2 a.m. Due to the obscurity of the stations and ECW itself , as well as the lack of FCC oversight at that late hour , many times expletives and violence were not edited out of these showings , along with extensive use of copyrighted music and music videos . </P> <H3> Paul Heyman and cross promotion ( edit ) </\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1992" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1918, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nExtreme Championship Wrestling - wikipedia <H1> Extreme Championship Wrestling </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the former WWE brand , see ECW ( WWE ) . <Table> Extreme Championship Wrestling <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eastern Championship Wrestling ( 1992 -- 1994 ) </Li> </Ul> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( 1994 -- 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former type </Th> <Td> Private </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> Professional wrestling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fate </Th> <Td> Assets acquired by WWE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> ECW ( WWE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> April 25 , 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Tod Gordon ( Eastern ; Chairman ) Paul Heyman ( Extreme ; CEO ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defunct </Th> <Td> April 4 , 2001 ( original ) February 16 , 2010 ( as WWE brand ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> Television , Merchandise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1992 by Tod Gordon . ECW closed when then - owner Paul Heyman declared bankruptcy in April 2001 . The promotion showcased various international styles of professional wrestling , ranging from lucha libre to puroresu and hardcore wrestling , and became known for having an intelligent , often rowdy and vocal fanbase that rejected the more cartoonish programming of ECW 's competitors . </P> <P> After purchasing the assets of ECW in 2003 , World Wrestling Entertainment relaunched the Extreme Championship Wrestling franchise as a third brand with their existing Raw and SmackDown brands . It debuted on June 13 , 2006 on Sci Fi in the United States and ran for close to four years until it aired its final episode on February 16 , 2010 on the rebranded Syfy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling </Li> <Li> 1.2 Secession from the NWA </Li> <Li> 1.3 ECW Arena and television syndication </Li> <Li> 1.4 Paul Heyman and cross promotion </Li> <Li> 1.5 Mike Awesome controversy and promotional rivalry </Li> <Li> 1.6 ECW on TNN </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy and resurface <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Alliance </Li> <Li> 2.2 Documentaries </Li> <Li> 2.3 Reunions and relaunch <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 WWE </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Other reunions </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Championships and programming <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Championships </Li> <Li> 3.2 Programming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling ( edit ) </H3> <P> ECW had its origins in 1989 under the banner Tri-State Wrestling Alliance owned by Joel Goodhart . ECW would , in fact , continue to use the former Tri-State Heavyweight championship belt to represent its own Championship , although the ECW title was not considered a continuation of that title . In 1992 , Goodhart sold his share of the company to his partner , Tod Gordon , who in return renamed the promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling . When Eastern Championship Wrestling was founded , it was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . At the time , `` Hot Stuff '' Eddie Gilbert was the lead booker of Eastern Championship Wrestling . Gilbert , after a falling out with Tod Gordon , was replaced in September 1993 by Paul Heyman . Heyman , known on television as Paul E. Dangerously , had just left World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and was looking for a new challenge . </P> Eastern Championship Wrestling logo . <H3> Secession from the NWA ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Jim Crockett 's non-compete agreement with Ted Turner , who purchased World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) from Crockett in November 1988 , was up and he decided to start promoting with the NWA again . Crockett went to Tod Gordon and asked him to hold a tournament for the NWA 's top prize , the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in ECW 's home area of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on August 27 , 1994 . NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo alleged that Crockett and Gordon were going to try to monopolize the title ( akin to Crockett 's actions in the 1980s ) and stated Crockett did not have the NWA board 's approval , which resulted in Coralluzzo personally overseeing the tournament . Gordon took offense at Coralluzzo for his power plays and began contemplating a plan to secede ECW from the NWA through a controversial and public manner that would attract attention to ECW and insult the NWA organization . Gordon planned to have Shane Douglas , who was scheduled to face 2 Cold Scorpio in the tournament finals , throw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt upon winning as an act of defiance . </P> <P> Tod Gordon and Paul Heyman originally planned the idea of throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt . Heyman persuaded Douglas by noting that the negative would only be that NWA traditionalists would just see them as traitors to tradition . Adding to Douglas ' decision was the animosity between Douglas and NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo , who at the time publicly criticized Douglas and told NWA affiliated bookers not to book Douglas for shows . Coralluzzo believed that Douglas was a `` bad risk '' and had the tendency to no - show events . Douglas ultimately decided to go through with Gordon and Heyman 's plan , inspired by his father 's motto of `` doing right by the people that do right by you . '' After looking up and saying , `` This is it tonight , Dad , '' Douglas threw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt , stating that he did not want to be champion of a `` dead promotion '' that `` died seven years ago . '' He then raised the Eastern Championship Wrestling title belt and declared it to be a World Heavyweight Championship -- calling it the only real world title left in professional wrestling . When recalling this event years later , Paul Heyman stated the fol\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did ecw change to extreme championship wrestling\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1992" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1918, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did ecw change to extreme championship wrestling\n\nDocument:\nExtreme Championship Wrestling - wikipedia <H1> Extreme Championship Wrestling </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the former WWE brand , see ECW ( WWE ) . <Table> Extreme Championship Wrestling <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eastern Championship Wrestling ( 1992 -- 1994 ) </Li> </Ul> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( 1994 -- 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former type </Th> <Td> Private </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> Professional wrestling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fate </Th> <Td> Assets acquired by WWE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> ECW ( WWE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> April 25 , 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Tod Gordon ( Eastern ; Chairman ) Paul Heyman ( Extreme ; CEO ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defunct </Th> <Td> April 4 , 2001 ( original ) February 16 , 2010 ( as WWE brand ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> Television , Merchandise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1992 by Tod Gordon . ECW closed when then - owner Paul Heyman declared bankruptcy in April 2001 . The promotion showcased various international styles of professional wrestling , ranging from lucha libre to puroresu and hardcore wrestling , and became known for having an intelligent , often rowdy and vocal fanbase that rejected the more cartoonish programming of ECW 's competitors . </P> <P> After purchasing the assets of ECW in 2003 , World Wrestling Entertainment relaunched the Extreme Championship Wrestling franchise as a third brand with their existing Raw and SmackDown brands . It debuted on June 13 , 2006 on Sci Fi in the United States and ran for close to four years until it aired its final episode on February 16 , 2010 on the rebranded Syfy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling </Li> <Li> 1.2 Secession from the NWA </Li> <Li> 1.3 ECW Arena and television syndication </Li> <Li> 1.4 Paul Heyman and cross promotion </Li> <Li> 1.5 Mike Awesome controversy and promotional rivalry </Li> <Li> 1.6 ECW on TNN </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy and resurface <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Alliance </Li> <Li> 2.2 Documentaries </Li> <Li> 2.3 Reunions and relaunch <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 WWE </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Other reunions </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Championships and programming <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Championships </Li> <Li> 3.2 Programming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling ( edit ) </H3> <P> ECW had its origins in 1989 under the banner Tri-State Wrestling Alliance owned by Joel Goodhart . ECW would , in fact , continue to use the former Tri-State Heavyweight championship belt to represent its own Championship , although the ECW title was not considered a continuation of that title . In 1992 , Goodhart sold his share of the company to his partner , Tod Gordon , who in return renamed the promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling . When Eastern Championship Wrestling was founded , it was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . At the time , `` Hot Stuff '' Eddie Gilbert was the lead booker of Eastern Championship Wrestling . Gilbert , after a falling out with Tod Gordon , was replaced in September 1993 by Paul Heyman . Heyman , known on television as Paul E. Dangerously , had just left World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and was looking for a new challenge . </P> Eastern Championship Wrestling logo . <H3> Secession from the NWA ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Jim Crockett 's non-compete agreement with Ted Turner , who purchased World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) from Crockett in November 1988 , was up and he decided to start promoting with the NWA again . Crockett went to Tod Gordon and asked him to hold a tournament for the NWA 's top prize , the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in ECW 's home area of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on August 27 , 1994 . NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo alleged that Crockett and Gordon were going to try to monopolize the title ( akin to Crockett 's actions in the 1980s ) and stated Crockett did not have the NWA board 's approval , which resulted in Coralluzzo personally overseeing the tournament . Gordon took offense at Coralluzzo for his power plays and began contemplating a plan to secede ECW from the NWA through a controversial and public manner that would attract attention to ECW and insult the NWA organization . Gordon planned to have Shane Douglas , who was scheduled to face 2 Cold Scorpio in the tournament finals , throw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt upon winning as an act of defiance . </P> <P> Tod Gordon and Paul Heyman originally planned the idea of throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt . Heyman persuaded Douglas by noting that the negative would only be that NWA traditionalists would just see them as traitors to tradition . Adding to Douglas ' decision was the animosity between Douglas and NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo , who at the time publicly criticized Douglas and told NWA affiliated bookers not to book Douglas for shows . Coralluzzo believed that Douglas was a `` bad risk '' and had the tendency to no - show events . Douglas ultimately decided to go through with Gordon and Heyman 's plan , inspired by his father 's motto of `` doing right by the people that do right by you . '' After looking up and saying , `` This is it tonight , Dad , '' Douglas threw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt , stating that he did not want to be champion of a `` dead promotion '' that `` died seven years ago . '' He then raised the Eastern Championship Wrestling title belt and declared it to be a World Heavyweight Championship -- calling it the only real world title left in professional wrestling . When recalling this event years later , Paul Heyman stated the fol\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1992" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1918, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nExtreme Championship Wrestling - wikipedia <H1> Extreme Championship Wrestling </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the former WWE brand , see ECW ( WWE ) . <Table> Extreme Championship Wrestling <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eastern Championship Wrestling ( 1992 -- 1994 ) </Li> </Ul> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( 1994 -- 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former type </Th> <Td> Private </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> Professional wrestling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fate </Th> <Td> Assets acquired by WWE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> ECW ( WWE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> April 25 , 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Tod Gordon ( Eastern ; Chairman ) Paul Heyman ( Extreme ; CEO ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defunct </Th> <Td> April 4 , 2001 ( original ) February 16 , 2010 ( as WWE brand ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> Television , Merchandise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1992 by Tod Gordon . ECW closed when then - owner Paul Heyman declared bankruptcy in April 2001 . The promotion showcased various international styles of professional wrestling , ranging from lucha libre to puroresu and hardcore wrestling , and became known for having an intelligent , often rowdy and vocal fanbase that rejected the more cartoonish programming of ECW 's competitors . </P> <P> After purchasing the assets of ECW in 2003 , World Wrestling Entertainment relaunched the Extreme Championship Wrestling franchise as a third brand with their existing Raw and SmackDown brands . It debuted on June 13 , 2006 on Sci Fi in the United States and ran for close to four years until it aired its final episode on February 16 , 2010 on the rebranded Syfy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling </Li> <Li> 1.2 Secession from the NWA </Li> <Li> 1.3 ECW Arena and television syndication </Li> <Li> 1.4 Paul Heyman and cross promotion </Li> <Li> 1.5 Mike Awesome controversy and promotional rivalry </Li> <Li> 1.6 ECW on TNN </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy and resurface <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Alliance </Li> <Li> 2.2 Documentaries </Li> <Li> 2.3 Reunions and relaunch <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 WWE </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Other reunions </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Championships and programming <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Championships </Li> <Li> 3.2 Programming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling ( edit ) </H3> <P> ECW had its origins in 1989 under the banner Tri-State Wrestling Alliance owned by Joel Goodhart . ECW would , in fact , continue to use the former Tri-State Heavyweight championship belt to represent its own Championship , although the ECW title was not considered a continuation of that title . In 1992 , Goodhart sold his share of the company to his partner , Tod Gordon , who in return renamed the promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling . When Eastern Championship Wrestling was founded , it was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . At the time , `` Hot Stuff '' Eddie Gilbert was the lead booker of Eastern Championship Wrestling . Gilbert , after a falling out with Tod Gordon , was replaced in September 1993 by Paul Heyman . Heyman , known on television as Paul E. Dangerously , had just left World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and was looking for a new challenge . </P> Eastern Championship Wrestling logo . <H3> Secession from the NWA ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Jim Crockett 's non-compete agreement with Ted Turner , who purchased World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) from Crockett in November 1988 , was up and he decided to start promoting with the NWA again . Crockett went to Tod Gordon and asked him to hold a tournament for the NWA 's top prize , the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in ECW 's home area of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on August 27 , 1994 . NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo alleged that Crockett and Gordon were going to try to monopolize the title ( akin to Crockett 's actions in the 1980s ) and stated Crockett did not have the NWA board 's approval , which resulted in Coralluzzo personally overseeing the tournament . Gordon took offense at Coralluzzo for his power plays and began contemplating a plan to secede ECW from the NWA through a controversial and public manner that would attract attention to ECW and insult the NWA organization . Gordon planned to have Shane Douglas , who was scheduled to face 2 Cold Scorpio in the tournament finals , throw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt upon winning as an act of defiance . </P> <P> Tod Gordon and Paul Heyman originally planned the idea of throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt . Heyman persuaded Douglas by noting that the negative would only be that NWA traditionalists would just see them as traitors to tradition . Adding to Douglas ' decision was the animosity between Douglas and NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo , who at the time publicly criticized Douglas and told NWA affiliated bookers not to book Douglas for shows . Coralluzzo believed that Douglas was a `` bad risk '' and had the tendency to no - show events . Douglas ultimately decided to go through with Gordon and Heyman 's plan , inspired by his father 's motto of `` doing right by the people that do right by you . '' After looking up and saying , `` This is it tonight , Dad , '' Douglas threw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt , stating that he did not want to be champion of a `` dead promotion '' that `` died seven years ago . '' He then raised the Eastern Championship Wrestling title belt and declared it to be a World Heavyweight Championship -- calling it the only real world title left in professional wrestling . When recalling this event years later , Paul Heyman stated the fol\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did ecw change to extreme championship wrestling\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1992" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1918, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did ecw change to extreme championship wrestling\n\nDocument:\nExtreme Championship Wrestling - wikipedia <H1> Extreme Championship Wrestling </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the former WWE brand , see ECW ( WWE ) . <Table> Extreme Championship Wrestling <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eastern Championship Wrestling ( 1992 -- 1994 ) </Li> </Ul> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( 1994 -- 2001 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former type </Th> <Td> Private </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> Professional wrestling </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fate </Th> <Td> Assets acquired by WWE </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> ECW ( WWE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> April 25 , 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Tod Gordon ( Eastern ; Chairman ) Paul Heyman ( Extreme ; CEO ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defunct </Th> <Td> April 4 , 2001 ( original ) February 16 , 2010 ( as WWE brand ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> Television , Merchandise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1992 by Tod Gordon . ECW closed when then - owner Paul Heyman declared bankruptcy in April 2001 . The promotion showcased various international styles of professional wrestling , ranging from lucha libre to puroresu and hardcore wrestling , and became known for having an intelligent , often rowdy and vocal fanbase that rejected the more cartoonish programming of ECW 's competitors . </P> <P> After purchasing the assets of ECW in 2003 , World Wrestling Entertainment relaunched the Extreme Championship Wrestling franchise as a third brand with their existing Raw and SmackDown brands . It debuted on June 13 , 2006 on Sci Fi in the United States and ran for close to four years until it aired its final episode on February 16 , 2010 on the rebranded Syfy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling </Li> <Li> 1.2 Secession from the NWA </Li> <Li> 1.3 ECW Arena and television syndication </Li> <Li> 1.4 Paul Heyman and cross promotion </Li> <Li> 1.5 Mike Awesome controversy and promotional rivalry </Li> <Li> 1.6 ECW on TNN </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy and resurface <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Alliance </Li> <Li> 2.2 Documentaries </Li> <Li> 2.3 Reunions and relaunch <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 WWE </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Other reunions </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Championships and programming <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Championships </Li> <Li> 3.2 Programming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Tri-State Wrestling Alliance and Eastern Championship Wrestling ( edit ) </H3> <P> ECW had its origins in 1989 under the banner Tri-State Wrestling Alliance owned by Joel Goodhart . ECW would , in fact , continue to use the former Tri-State Heavyweight championship belt to represent its own Championship , although the ECW title was not considered a continuation of that title . In 1992 , Goodhart sold his share of the company to his partner , Tod Gordon , who in return renamed the promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling . When Eastern Championship Wrestling was founded , it was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . At the time , `` Hot Stuff '' Eddie Gilbert was the lead booker of Eastern Championship Wrestling . Gilbert , after a falling out with Tod Gordon , was replaced in September 1993 by Paul Heyman . Heyman , known on television as Paul E. Dangerously , had just left World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and was looking for a new challenge . </P> Eastern Championship Wrestling logo . <H3> Secession from the NWA ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Jim Crockett 's non-compete agreement with Ted Turner , who purchased World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) from Crockett in November 1988 , was up and he decided to start promoting with the NWA again . Crockett went to Tod Gordon and asked him to hold a tournament for the NWA 's top prize , the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , in ECW 's home area of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on August 27 , 1994 . NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo alleged that Crockett and Gordon were going to try to monopolize the title ( akin to Crockett 's actions in the 1980s ) and stated Crockett did not have the NWA board 's approval , which resulted in Coralluzzo personally overseeing the tournament . Gordon took offense at Coralluzzo for his power plays and began contemplating a plan to secede ECW from the NWA through a controversial and public manner that would attract attention to ECW and insult the NWA organization . Gordon planned to have Shane Douglas , who was scheduled to face 2 Cold Scorpio in the tournament finals , throw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt upon winning as an act of defiance . </P> <P> Tod Gordon and Paul Heyman originally planned the idea of throwing down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt . Heyman persuaded Douglas by noting that the negative would only be that NWA traditionalists would just see them as traitors to tradition . Adding to Douglas ' decision was the animosity between Douglas and NWA President Dennis Coralluzzo , who at the time publicly criticized Douglas and told NWA affiliated bookers not to book Douglas for shows . Coralluzzo believed that Douglas was a `` bad risk '' and had the tendency to no - show events . Douglas ultimately decided to go through with Gordon and Heyman 's plan , inspired by his father 's motto of `` doing right by the people that do right by you . '' After looking up and saying , `` This is it tonight , Dad , '' Douglas threw down the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt , stating that he did not want to be champion of a `` dead promotion '' that `` died seven years ago . '' He then raised the Eastern Championship Wrestling title belt and declared it to be a World Heavyweight Championship -- calling it the only real world title left in professional wrestling . When recalling this event years later , Paul Heyman stated the fol\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "1992" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1642, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n9 , 1884 , with 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant . </P> Old street light in Luckau , Brandenburg <P> Timișoara , in present - day Romania , was the first city in Continental Europe to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884 . 731 lamps were used . </P> <P> In 1886 , the tiny , isolated mining town of Waratah in NW Tasmania was the first to have electrically powered street lighting in Australia . On 9 December 1882 , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia was introduced to electricity by having a demonstration of using eight arc lights , erected along Queen Street Mall . The power to supply these arc lights was taken from a 10 hp Crompton DC generator driven by a Robey steam engine in a small foundry in Adelaide Street and occupied by J.W. Sutton and Co . The lamps were erected on cast iron standards , 20 ft in height . In 1888 Tamworth , New South Wales , Australia became the first location in New South Wales to have electric street lighting , for which that city erroneously maintains the title of `` First City of Light '' . </P> <H3> Later developments ( edit ) </H3> <P> Incandescent lamps were primarily used for street lighting until the advent of high - intensity discharge lamps . They were often operated at high - voltage series circuits . Series circuits were popular since the higher voltage in these circuits produced more light per watt consumed . Furthermore , before the invention of photoelectric controls , a single switch or clock could control all the lights in an entire district . </P> <P> To avoid having the entire system go dark if a single lamp burned out , each street lamp was equipped with a device that ensured that the circuit would remain intact . Early series street lights were equipped with isolation transformers . that would allow current to pass across the transformer whether the bulb worked or not . Later the film cutout was invented . The film cutout was a small disk of insulating film that separated two contacts connected to the two wires leading to the lamp . If the lamp failed ( an open circuit ) , the current through the string became zero , causing the voltage of the circuit ( thousands of volts ) to be imposed across the insulating film , penetrating it ( see Ohm 's law ) . In this way , the failed lamp was bypassed and power restored to the rest of the district . The street light circuit contained an automatic current regulator , preventing the current from increasing as lamps burned out , preserving the life of the remaining lamps . When the failed lamp was replaced , a new piece of film was installed , once again separating the contacts in the cutout . This system was recognizable by the large porcelain insulator separating the lamp and reflector from the mounting arm . This was necessary because the two contacts in the lamp 's base may have operated at several thousand volts above groun . </P> <H2> Modern lights ( edit ) </H2> The distinctive amber - yellow glow from an old style low pressure sodium vapor light in the UK A sodium vapor light . An unlit high pressure sodium lamp Low energy prismatic street lighting See also : LED street light and Solar street light <P> Today , street lighting commonly uses high - intensity discharge lamps , often HPS high pressure sodium lamps . Such lamps provide the greatest amount of photopic illumination for the least consumption of electricity . However , white light sources have been shown to double driver peripheral vision and improve driver brake reaction time by at least 25 % ; to enable pedestrians to better detect pavement trip hazards and to facilitate visual appraisals of other people associated with interpersonal judgements . Studies comparing metal halide and high - pressure sodium lamps have shown that at equal photopic light levels , a street scene illuminated at night by a metal halide lighting system was reliably seen as brighter and safer than the same scene illuminated by a high pressure sodium system . </P> <P> Two national standards now allow for variation in illuminance when using lamps of different spectra . In Australia , HPS lamp performance needs to be reduced by a minimum value of 75 % . In the UK , illuminances are reduced with higher values S / P ratio </P> <P> New street lighting technologies , such as LED or induction lights , emit a white light that provides high levels of scotopic lumens allowing street lights with lower wattages and lower photopic lumens to replace existing street lights . However , there have been no formal specifications written around Photopic / Scotopic adjustments for different types of light sources , causing many municipalities and street departments to hold back on implementation of these new technologies until the standards are updated . Eastbourne in East Sussex UK is currently undergoing a project to see 6000 of its street lights converted to LED and will be closely followed by Hastings in early 2014 . </P> <P> Milan , Italy , is the first major city to have entirely switched to LED lighting . </P> <P> In North America , the city of Mississauga ( Canada ) was one of the first and biggest LED conversion projects with over 46,000 lights converted to LED technology between 2012 and 2014 . It is also one of the first cities in North America to use Smart City technology to control the lights . DimOnOff , a company based in Quebec City , was chosen as a Smart City partner for this project . </P> <P> Photovoltaic - powered LED luminaires are gaining wider acceptance . Preliminary field tests show that some LED luminaires are energy - efficient and perform well in testing environments . </P> <P> In 2007 , the Civil Twilight Collective created a variant of the conventional LED streetlight , namely the Lunar - resonant streetlight . These lights increase or decrease the intensity of the streetlight according to the lunar light . This streetlight design thus reduces energy consumption as well as light pollution . </P> <H2> Measurement ( edit ) </H2> Old - style street light with lamps near the Mönchbruch hunting lodge near Rüsselsheim am Main , Germany A street light during a snowfall <P> Two very similar measurement systems were created to bridge the scotopic and photopic luminous efficiency functions , creating a Unified System of Photometry . This new measurement has been well - received because the reliance on V ( λ ) alone for characterizing night - time light illuminations requires more electric energy . The cost - savings potential of using a new way to measure mesopic lighting scenarios is tremendous . </P> <P> Outdoor Site - Lighting Performance ( OSP ) is a method for predicting and measuring three different aspects of light pollution : glow , trespass and glare . Using this me\n\nQuestion:\nfirst city in europe with electric street lights\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Timișoara" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1642, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nfirst city in europe with electric street lights\n\nDocument:\n9 , 1884 , with 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant . </P> Old street light in Luckau , Brandenburg <P> Timișoara , in present - day Romania , was the first city in Continental Europe to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884 . 731 lamps were used . </P> <P> In 1886 , the tiny , isolated mining town of Waratah in NW Tasmania was the first to have electrically powered street lighting in Australia . On 9 December 1882 , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia was introduced to electricity by having a demonstration of using eight arc lights , erected along Queen Street Mall . The power to supply these arc lights was taken from a 10 hp Crompton DC generator driven by a Robey steam engine in a small foundry in Adelaide Street and occupied by J.W. Sutton and Co . The lamps were erected on cast iron standards , 20 ft in height . In 1888 Tamworth , New South Wales , Australia became the first location in New South Wales to have electric street lighting , for which that city erroneously maintains the title of `` First City of Light '' . </P> <H3> Later developments ( edit ) </H3> <P> Incandescent lamps were primarily used for street lighting until the advent of high - intensity discharge lamps . They were often operated at high - voltage series circuits . Series circuits were popular since the higher voltage in these circuits produced more light per watt consumed . Furthermore , before the invention of photoelectric controls , a single switch or clock could control all the lights in an entire district . </P> <P> To avoid having the entire system go dark if a single lamp burned out , each street lamp was equipped with a device that ensured that the circuit would remain intact . Early series street lights were equipped with isolation transformers . that would allow current to pass across the transformer whether the bulb worked or not . Later the film cutout was invented . The film cutout was a small disk of insulating film that separated two contacts connected to the two wires leading to the lamp . If the lamp failed ( an open circuit ) , the current through the string became zero , causing the voltage of the circuit ( thousands of volts ) to be imposed across the insulating film , penetrating it ( see Ohm 's law ) . In this way , the failed lamp was bypassed and power restored to the rest of the district . The street light circuit contained an automatic current regulator , preventing the current from increasing as lamps burned out , preserving the life of the remaining lamps . When the failed lamp was replaced , a new piece of film was installed , once again separating the contacts in the cutout . This system was recognizable by the large porcelain insulator separating the lamp and reflector from the mounting arm . This was necessary because the two contacts in the lamp 's base may have operated at several thousand volts above groun . </P> <H2> Modern lights ( edit ) </H2> The distinctive amber - yellow glow from an old style low pressure sodium vapor light in the UK A sodium vapor light . An unlit high pressure sodium lamp Low energy prismatic street lighting See also : LED street light and Solar street light <P> Today , street lighting commonly uses high - intensity discharge lamps , often HPS high pressure sodium lamps . Such lamps provide the greatest amount of photopic illumination for the least consumption of electricity . However , white light sources have been shown to double driver peripheral vision and improve driver brake reaction time by at least 25 % ; to enable pedestrians to better detect pavement trip hazards and to facilitate visual appraisals of other people associated with interpersonal judgements . Studies comparing metal halide and high - pressure sodium lamps have shown that at equal photopic light levels , a street scene illuminated at night by a metal halide lighting system was reliably seen as brighter and safer than the same scene illuminated by a high pressure sodium system . </P> <P> Two national standards now allow for variation in illuminance when using lamps of different spectra . In Australia , HPS lamp performance needs to be reduced by a minimum value of 75 % . In the UK , illuminances are reduced with higher values S / P ratio </P> <P> New street lighting technologies , such as LED or induction lights , emit a white light that provides high levels of scotopic lumens allowing street lights with lower wattages and lower photopic lumens to replace existing street lights . However , there have been no formal specifications written around Photopic / Scotopic adjustments for different types of light sources , causing many municipalities and street departments to hold back on implementation of these new technologies until the standards are updated . Eastbourne in East Sussex UK is currently undergoing a project to see 6000 of its street lights converted to LED and will be closely followed by Hastings in early 2014 . </P> <P> Milan , Italy , is the first major city to have entirely switched to LED lighting . </P> <P> In North America , the city of Mississauga ( Canada ) was one of the first and biggest LED conversion projects with over 46,000 lights converted to LED technology between 2012 and 2014 . It is also one of the first cities in North America to use Smart City technology to control the lights . DimOnOff , a company based in Quebec City , was chosen as a Smart City partner for this project . </P> <P> Photovoltaic - powered LED luminaires are gaining wider acceptance . Preliminary field tests show that some LED luminaires are energy - efficient and perform well in testing environments . </P> <P> In 2007 , the Civil Twilight Collective created a variant of the conventional LED streetlight , namely the Lunar - resonant streetlight . These lights increase or decrease the intensity of the streetlight according to the lunar light . This streetlight design thus reduces energy consumption as well as light pollution . </P> <H2> Measurement ( edit ) </H2> Old - style street light with lamps near the Mönchbruch hunting lodge near Rüsselsheim am Main , Germany A street light during a snowfall <P> Two very similar measurement systems were created to bridge the scotopic and photopic luminous efficiency functions , creating a Unified System of Photometry . This new measurement has been well - received because the reliance on V ( λ ) alone for characterizing night - time light illuminations requires more electric energy . The cost - savings potential of using a new way to measure mesopic lighting scenarios is tremendous . </P> <P> Outdoor Site - Lighting Performance ( OSP ) is a method for predicting and measuring three different aspects of light pollution : glow , trespass and glare . Using this me\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Timișoara" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1794, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n/P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Typical base and escutcheon of a farola fernandina </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A farola fernandina in Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Street light in Ferdinand VII style near the Royal Palace of Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Arc lamps ( edit ) </H3> Demonstration of Yablochkov 's arc lamp on the Avenue de l'Opera in Paris ( 1878 ) , the first form of electric street lighting Heritage lamp post in the City Botanic Gardens , Brisbane <P> The first electric street lighting employed arc lamps , initially the ' Electric candle ' , ' Jablotchkoff candle ' or ' Yablochkov candle ' developed by a Russian , Pavel Yablochkov , in 1875 . This was a carbon arc lamp employing alternating current , which ensured that both electrodes were consumed at equal rates . In 1876 , the common council of the City of Los Angeles ordered four arc lights installed in various places in the fledgling town for street lighting . </P> <P> On May 30 , 1878 , the first electric street lights in Paris were installed on the avenue de l'Opera and the Place d'Etoile , around the Arc de Triomphe , to celebrate the opening of the Paris Universal Exposition . In 1881 , to coincide with the Paris International Exposition of Electricity , street lights were installed on the major boulevards . </P> <P> The first streets in London lit with the electrical arc lamp were by the Holborn Viaduct and the Thames Embankment in 1878 . More than 4,000 were in use by 1881 , though by then an improved differential arc lamp had been developed by Friedrich von Hefner - Alteneck of Siemens & Halske . The United States was quick in adopting arc lighting , and by 1890 over 130,000 were in operation in the US , commonly installed in exceptionally tall moonlight towers . </P> <P> Arc lights had two major disadvantages . First , they emit an intense and harsh light which , although useful at industrial sites like dockyards , was discomforting in ordinary city streets . Second , they are maintenance - intensive , as carbon electrodes burn away swiftly . With the development of cheap , reliable and bright incandescent light bulbs at the end of the 19th century , arc lights passed out of use for street lighting , but remained in industrial use longer . </P> <H3> Incandescent lighting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first street to be lit by an incandescent lightbulb was Mosley Street , in Newcastle upon Tyne . The street was lit by Joseph Swan 's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879 . Consequently , Newcastle was the first city in the world to be fully lit up by lighting . The first street to be lit with modern electricity as we know it was Electric Avenue in London 's Brixton in 1880 . The first city in the United States , and second overall after Newcastle ( England ) , was the Public Square road system in Cleveland , Ohio , on April 29 , 1879 . Wabash , Indiana holds the title of being the third electrically lit city in the world , which took place on February 2 , 1880 . Four 3,000 candlepower Brush arc lamps suspended over the courthouse rendered the town square `` as light as midday . </P> <P> Kimberley , South Africa , was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and in Africa to have electric street lights - first lit on 1 September 1882 . In Central America , San Jose , Costa Rica was the first city , the system was launched on August 9 , 1884 , with 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant . </P> Old street light in Luckau , Brandenburg <P> Timișoara , in present - day Romania , was the first city in Continental Europe to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884 . 731 lamps were used . </P> <P> In 1886 , the tiny , isolated mining town of Waratah in NW Tasmania was the first to have electrically powered street lighting in Australia . On 9 December 1882 , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia was introduced to electricity by having a demonstration of using eight arc lights , erected along Queen Street Mall . The power to supply these arc lights was taken from a 10 hp Crompton DC generator driven by a Robey steam engine in a small foundry in Adelaide Street and occupied by J.W. Sutton and Co . The lamps were erected on cast iron standards , 20 ft in height . In 1888 Tamworth , New South Wales , Australia became the first location in New South Wales to have electric street lighting , for which that city erroneously maintains the title of `` First City of Light '' . </P> <H3> Later developments ( edit ) </H3> <P> Incandescent lamps were primarily used for street lighting until the advent of high - intensity discharge lamps . They were often operated at high - voltage series circuits . Series circuits were popular since the higher voltage in these circuits produced more light per watt consumed . Furthermore , before the invention of photoelectric controls , a single switch or clock could control all the lights in an entire district . </P> <P> To avoid having the entire system go dark if a single lamp burned out , each street lamp was equipped with a device that ensured that the circuit would remain intact . Early series street lights were equipped with isolation transformers . that would allow current to pass across the transformer whether the bulb worked or not . Later the film cutout was invented . The film cutout was a small disk of insulating film that separated two contacts connected to the two wires leading to the lamp . If the lamp failed ( an open circuit ) , the current through the string became zero , causing the voltage of the circuit ( thousands of volts ) to be imposed across the insulating film , penetrating it ( see Ohm 's law ) . In this way , the failed lamp was bypassed and power restored to the rest of the district . The street light circuit contained an automatic current regulator , preventing the current from increasing as lamps burned out , preserving the life of the remaining lamps . When the failed lamp was replaced , a new piece of film was installed , once again separating the contacts in the cutout . This system was recognizable by the large porcelain insulator separating the lamp and reflector from the mounting arm . This was necessary because the two contacts in the lamp 's base may have operated at several thousand volts above groun . </P> <H2> Modern lights ( edit ) </H2> The distinctive amber - yellow glow from an old style low pressure sodium vapor light in the UK A sodium vapor light . An unlit high pressure sodium lamp Low energy prismatic street lighting See also : LED street light and Solar street light <P> Today , street lighting commonly uses high - intensity discharge lamps , often HPS high pressure sodium lamps . Such lamps provide the greatest amount of photopic illumination for the least consumption of electricity . Howeve\n\nQuestion:\nfirst city in europe with electric street lights\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Timișoara" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1794, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nfirst city in europe with electric street lights\n\nDocument:\n/P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Typical base and escutcheon of a farola fernandina </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A farola fernandina in Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Street light in Ferdinand VII style near the Royal Palace of Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Arc lamps ( edit ) </H3> Demonstration of Yablochkov 's arc lamp on the Avenue de l'Opera in Paris ( 1878 ) , the first form of electric street lighting Heritage lamp post in the City Botanic Gardens , Brisbane <P> The first electric street lighting employed arc lamps , initially the ' Electric candle ' , ' Jablotchkoff candle ' or ' Yablochkov candle ' developed by a Russian , Pavel Yablochkov , in 1875 . This was a carbon arc lamp employing alternating current , which ensured that both electrodes were consumed at equal rates . In 1876 , the common council of the City of Los Angeles ordered four arc lights installed in various places in the fledgling town for street lighting . </P> <P> On May 30 , 1878 , the first electric street lights in Paris were installed on the avenue de l'Opera and the Place d'Etoile , around the Arc de Triomphe , to celebrate the opening of the Paris Universal Exposition . In 1881 , to coincide with the Paris International Exposition of Electricity , street lights were installed on the major boulevards . </P> <P> The first streets in London lit with the electrical arc lamp were by the Holborn Viaduct and the Thames Embankment in 1878 . More than 4,000 were in use by 1881 , though by then an improved differential arc lamp had been developed by Friedrich von Hefner - Alteneck of Siemens & Halske . The United States was quick in adopting arc lighting , and by 1890 over 130,000 were in operation in the US , commonly installed in exceptionally tall moonlight towers . </P> <P> Arc lights had two major disadvantages . First , they emit an intense and harsh light which , although useful at industrial sites like dockyards , was discomforting in ordinary city streets . Second , they are maintenance - intensive , as carbon electrodes burn away swiftly . With the development of cheap , reliable and bright incandescent light bulbs at the end of the 19th century , arc lights passed out of use for street lighting , but remained in industrial use longer . </P> <H3> Incandescent lighting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first street to be lit by an incandescent lightbulb was Mosley Street , in Newcastle upon Tyne . The street was lit by Joseph Swan 's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879 . Consequently , Newcastle was the first city in the world to be fully lit up by lighting . The first street to be lit with modern electricity as we know it was Electric Avenue in London 's Brixton in 1880 . The first city in the United States , and second overall after Newcastle ( England ) , was the Public Square road system in Cleveland , Ohio , on April 29 , 1879 . Wabash , Indiana holds the title of being the third electrically lit city in the world , which took place on February 2 , 1880 . Four 3,000 candlepower Brush arc lamps suspended over the courthouse rendered the town square `` as light as midday . </P> <P> Kimberley , South Africa , was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and in Africa to have electric street lights - first lit on 1 September 1882 . In Central America , San Jose , Costa Rica was the first city , the system was launched on August 9 , 1884 , with 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant . </P> Old street light in Luckau , Brandenburg <P> Timișoara , in present - day Romania , was the first city in Continental Europe to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884 . 731 lamps were used . </P> <P> In 1886 , the tiny , isolated mining town of Waratah in NW Tasmania was the first to have electrically powered street lighting in Australia . On 9 December 1882 , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia was introduced to electricity by having a demonstration of using eight arc lights , erected along Queen Street Mall . The power to supply these arc lights was taken from a 10 hp Crompton DC generator driven by a Robey steam engine in a small foundry in Adelaide Street and occupied by J.W. Sutton and Co . The lamps were erected on cast iron standards , 20 ft in height . In 1888 Tamworth , New South Wales , Australia became the first location in New South Wales to have electric street lighting , for which that city erroneously maintains the title of `` First City of Light '' . </P> <H3> Later developments ( edit ) </H3> <P> Incandescent lamps were primarily used for street lighting until the advent of high - intensity discharge lamps . They were often operated at high - voltage series circuits . Series circuits were popular since the higher voltage in these circuits produced more light per watt consumed . Furthermore , before the invention of photoelectric controls , a single switch or clock could control all the lights in an entire district . </P> <P> To avoid having the entire system go dark if a single lamp burned out , each street lamp was equipped with a device that ensured that the circuit would remain intact . Early series street lights were equipped with isolation transformers . that would allow current to pass across the transformer whether the bulb worked or not . Later the film cutout was invented . The film cutout was a small disk of insulating film that separated two contacts connected to the two wires leading to the lamp . If the lamp failed ( an open circuit ) , the current through the string became zero , causing the voltage of the circuit ( thousands of volts ) to be imposed across the insulating film , penetrating it ( see Ohm 's law ) . In this way , the failed lamp was bypassed and power restored to the rest of the district . The street light circuit contained an automatic current regulator , preventing the current from increasing as lamps burned out , preserving the life of the remaining lamps . When the failed lamp was replaced , a new piece of film was installed , once again separating the contacts in the cutout . This system was recognizable by the large porcelain insulator separating the lamp and reflector from the mounting arm . This was necessary because the two contacts in the lamp 's base may have operated at several thousand volts above groun . </P> <H2> Modern lights ( edit ) </H2> The distinctive amber - yellow glow from an old style low pressure sodium vapor light in the UK A sodium vapor light . An unlit high pressure sodium lamp Low energy prismatic street lighting See also : LED street light and Solar street light <P> Today , street lighting commonly uses high - intensity discharge lamps , often HPS high pressure sodium lamps . Such lamps provide the greatest amount of photopic illumination for the least consumption of electricity . Howeve\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Timișoara" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1917, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nth , Cornwall in 1792 . In 1798 , he used gas to light the main building of the Soho Foundry and in 1802 lit the outside in a public display of gas lighting , the lights astonishing the local population . </P> <P> In Paris , gas lighting was first demonstrated in November 1800 at a private residence on the rue Saint - Dominique , and was installed on a covered shopping street , the Passage des Panoramas , in 1817 . The First gas lamps on the streets of Paris appeared in January 1829 on the place du Carrousel and the rue de Rivoli , then on rue de la Paix , place Vendôme , rue de Castiglione ; by 1857 the Grands Boulevards were all lit with gas . A Parisian writer enthused in August , 1857 : `` That which most enchants the Parisians is the new lighting by gas of the boulevards ... From the church of the Madeleine all the way to rue Montmartre , these two rows of lamps , shining with a clarity white and pure , have a marvelous effect . '' The gaslights installed on the boulevards and city monuments in the 19th century gave the city the nickname `` The City of Light . '' </P> <P> The first public street lighting with gas was demonstrated in Pall Mall , London on January 28 , 1807 by Frederick Albert Winsor . In 1812 , Parliament granted a charter to the London and Westminster Gas Light and Coke Company , and the first gas company in the world came into being . Less than two years later , on December 31 , 1813 , the Westminster Bridge was lit by gas . </P> <P> Following this success , gas lighting spread to other countries . The use of gas lights in Rembrandt Peale 's Museum in Baltimore in 1816 was a great success . Baltimore was the first American city with gas streetlights , provided by Peale 's Gas Light Company of Baltimore . </P> <P> The first place outside London in England to have gas lighting , was Preston , Lancashire in 1825 , this was due to the Preston Gaslight Company run by revolutionary Joseph Dunn , who found the most improved way of brighter gas lighting . </P> <P> Oil - gas appeared in the field as a rival of coal - gas guff . In 1815 , John Taylor patented an apparatus for the decomposition of `` oil '' and other animal substances . Public attention was attracted to `` oil - gas '' by the display of the patent apparatus at Apothecary 's Hall , by Taylor & Martineau . </P> <P> The first modern street lamps to use kerosene were introduced in Lviv in what was then the Austrian Empire in 1853 . In Brest , street lighting with kerosene lamps reappeared in 2009 in the shopping street as a tourist attraction . </P> Farola fernandina ( edit ) <P> Farola fernandina is a traditional design of gas street light which remains popular in Spain . Essentially it is a neo-classical French gas lamp style dating from the late 18th century . It may be either a wall - bracket or standard lamp . The standard base is cast metal with an escutchion bearing two intertwined letters ' F ' , the Royal cypher of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and commemorates the date of the birth of his daughter , the Infanta Luisa Fernanda , Duchess of Montpensier . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Typical base and escutcheon of a farola fernandina </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A farola fernandina in Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Street light in Ferdinand VII style near the Royal Palace of Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Arc lamps ( edit ) </H3> Demonstration of Yablochkov 's arc lamp on the Avenue de l'Opera in Paris ( 1878 ) , the first form of electric street lighting Heritage lamp post in the City Botanic Gardens , Brisbane <P> The first electric street lighting employed arc lamps , initially the ' Electric candle ' , ' Jablotchkoff candle ' or ' Yablochkov candle ' developed by a Russian , Pavel Yablochkov , in 1875 . This was a carbon arc lamp employing alternating current , which ensured that both electrodes were consumed at equal rates . In 1876 , the common council of the City of Los Angeles ordered four arc lights installed in various places in the fledgling town for street lighting . </P> <P> On May 30 , 1878 , the first electric street lights in Paris were installed on the avenue de l'Opera and the Place d'Etoile , around the Arc de Triomphe , to celebrate the opening of the Paris Universal Exposition . In 1881 , to coincide with the Paris International Exposition of Electricity , street lights were installed on the major boulevards . </P> <P> The first streets in London lit with the electrical arc lamp were by the Holborn Viaduct and the Thames Embankment in 1878 . More than 4,000 were in use by 1881 , though by then an improved differential arc lamp had been developed by Friedrich von Hefner - Alteneck of Siemens & Halske . The United States was quick in adopting arc lighting , and by 1890 over 130,000 were in operation in the US , commonly installed in exceptionally tall moonlight towers . </P> <P> Arc lights had two major disadvantages . First , they emit an intense and harsh light which , although useful at industrial sites like dockyards , was discomforting in ordinary city streets . Second , they are maintenance - intensive , as carbon electrodes burn away swiftly . With the development of cheap , reliable and bright incandescent light bulbs at the end of the 19th century , arc lights passed out of use for street lighting , but remained in industrial use longer . </P> <H3> Incandescent lighting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first street to be lit by an incandescent lightbulb was Mosley Street , in Newcastle upon Tyne . The street was lit by Joseph Swan 's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879 . Consequently , Newcastle was the first city in the world to be fully lit up by lighting . The first street to be lit with modern electricity as we know it was Electric Avenue in London 's Brixton in 1880 . The first city in the United States , and second overall after Newcastle ( England ) , was the Public Square road system in Cleveland , Ohio , on April 29 , 1879 . Wabash , Indiana holds the title of being the third electrically lit city in the world , which took place on February 2 , 1880 . Four 3,000 candlepower Brush arc lamps suspended over the courthouse rendered the town square `` as light as midday . </P> <P> Kimberley , South Africa , was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and in Africa to have electric street lights - first lit on 1 September 1882 . In Central America , San Jose , Costa Rica was the first city , the system was launched on August 9 , 1884 , with 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant . </P> Old street light in Luckau , Brandenburg <P> Timișoara , in present - day Romania , was the first city in Continental Europe to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884 . 731 lamps were used . </P> <P> In 1886 , the tiny , isolated \n\nQuestion:\nfirst city in europe with electric street lights\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Timișoara" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1917, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nfirst city in europe with electric street lights\n\nDocument:\nth , Cornwall in 1792 . In 1798 , he used gas to light the main building of the Soho Foundry and in 1802 lit the outside in a public display of gas lighting , the lights astonishing the local population . </P> <P> In Paris , gas lighting was first demonstrated in November 1800 at a private residence on the rue Saint - Dominique , and was installed on a covered shopping street , the Passage des Panoramas , in 1817 . The First gas lamps on the streets of Paris appeared in January 1829 on the place du Carrousel and the rue de Rivoli , then on rue de la Paix , place Vendôme , rue de Castiglione ; by 1857 the Grands Boulevards were all lit with gas . A Parisian writer enthused in August , 1857 : `` That which most enchants the Parisians is the new lighting by gas of the boulevards ... From the church of the Madeleine all the way to rue Montmartre , these two rows of lamps , shining with a clarity white and pure , have a marvelous effect . '' The gaslights installed on the boulevards and city monuments in the 19th century gave the city the nickname `` The City of Light . '' </P> <P> The first public street lighting with gas was demonstrated in Pall Mall , London on January 28 , 1807 by Frederick Albert Winsor . In 1812 , Parliament granted a charter to the London and Westminster Gas Light and Coke Company , and the first gas company in the world came into being . Less than two years later , on December 31 , 1813 , the Westminster Bridge was lit by gas . </P> <P> Following this success , gas lighting spread to other countries . The use of gas lights in Rembrandt Peale 's Museum in Baltimore in 1816 was a great success . Baltimore was the first American city with gas streetlights , provided by Peale 's Gas Light Company of Baltimore . </P> <P> The first place outside London in England to have gas lighting , was Preston , Lancashire in 1825 , this was due to the Preston Gaslight Company run by revolutionary Joseph Dunn , who found the most improved way of brighter gas lighting . </P> <P> Oil - gas appeared in the field as a rival of coal - gas guff . In 1815 , John Taylor patented an apparatus for the decomposition of `` oil '' and other animal substances . Public attention was attracted to `` oil - gas '' by the display of the patent apparatus at Apothecary 's Hall , by Taylor & Martineau . </P> <P> The first modern street lamps to use kerosene were introduced in Lviv in what was then the Austrian Empire in 1853 . In Brest , street lighting with kerosene lamps reappeared in 2009 in the shopping street as a tourist attraction . </P> Farola fernandina ( edit ) <P> Farola fernandina is a traditional design of gas street light which remains popular in Spain . Essentially it is a neo-classical French gas lamp style dating from the late 18th century . It may be either a wall - bracket or standard lamp . The standard base is cast metal with an escutchion bearing two intertwined letters ' F ' , the Royal cypher of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and commemorates the date of the birth of his daughter , the Infanta Luisa Fernanda , Duchess of Montpensier . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Typical base and escutcheon of a farola fernandina </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A farola fernandina in Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Street light in Ferdinand VII style near the Royal Palace of Aranjuez </P> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> Arc lamps ( edit ) </H3> Demonstration of Yablochkov 's arc lamp on the Avenue de l'Opera in Paris ( 1878 ) , the first form of electric street lighting Heritage lamp post in the City Botanic Gardens , Brisbane <P> The first electric street lighting employed arc lamps , initially the ' Electric candle ' , ' Jablotchkoff candle ' or ' Yablochkov candle ' developed by a Russian , Pavel Yablochkov , in 1875 . This was a carbon arc lamp employing alternating current , which ensured that both electrodes were consumed at equal rates . In 1876 , the common council of the City of Los Angeles ordered four arc lights installed in various places in the fledgling town for street lighting . </P> <P> On May 30 , 1878 , the first electric street lights in Paris were installed on the avenue de l'Opera and the Place d'Etoile , around the Arc de Triomphe , to celebrate the opening of the Paris Universal Exposition . In 1881 , to coincide with the Paris International Exposition of Electricity , street lights were installed on the major boulevards . </P> <P> The first streets in London lit with the electrical arc lamp were by the Holborn Viaduct and the Thames Embankment in 1878 . More than 4,000 were in use by 1881 , though by then an improved differential arc lamp had been developed by Friedrich von Hefner - Alteneck of Siemens & Halske . The United States was quick in adopting arc lighting , and by 1890 over 130,000 were in operation in the US , commonly installed in exceptionally tall moonlight towers . </P> <P> Arc lights had two major disadvantages . First , they emit an intense and harsh light which , although useful at industrial sites like dockyards , was discomforting in ordinary city streets . Second , they are maintenance - intensive , as carbon electrodes burn away swiftly . With the development of cheap , reliable and bright incandescent light bulbs at the end of the 19th century , arc lights passed out of use for street lighting , but remained in industrial use longer . </P> <H3> Incandescent lighting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first street to be lit by an incandescent lightbulb was Mosley Street , in Newcastle upon Tyne . The street was lit by Joseph Swan 's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879 . Consequently , Newcastle was the first city in the world to be fully lit up by lighting . The first street to be lit with modern electricity as we know it was Electric Avenue in London 's Brixton in 1880 . The first city in the United States , and second overall after Newcastle ( England ) , was the Public Square road system in Cleveland , Ohio , on April 29 , 1879 . Wabash , Indiana holds the title of being the third electrically lit city in the world , which took place on February 2 , 1880 . Four 3,000 candlepower Brush arc lamps suspended over the courthouse rendered the town square `` as light as midday . </P> <P> Kimberley , South Africa , was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and in Africa to have electric street lights - first lit on 1 September 1882 . In Central America , San Jose , Costa Rica was the first city , the system was launched on August 9 , 1884 , with 25 lamps powered by a hydroelectric plant . </P> Old street light in Luckau , Brandenburg <P> Timișoara , in present - day Romania , was the first city in Continental Europe to have electric public lighting on 12 November 1884 . 731 lamps were used . </P> <P> In 1886 , the tiny , isolated \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Timișoara" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 3228, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 1,226 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 462 </Td> <Td> 2,914 </Td> <Td> 24.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elvin Hayes * </Td> <Td> C / F </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 1,215 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 2,884 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tyler Hansbrough </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 142 </Td> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 982 </Td> <Td> 2,872 </Td> <Td> 20.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Larry Bird * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indiana State </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1,154 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 542 </Td> <Td> 2,850 </Td> <Td> 30.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Otis Birdsong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Houston ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 1,176 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 480 </Td> <Td> 2,832 </Td> <Td> 24.4 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kevin Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bethune - Cookman / U.S. International </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 1,027 </Td> <Td> 132 </Td> <Td> 618 </Td> <Td> 2,804 </Td> <Td> 25.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allan Houston </Td> <Td> G / F </Td> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 128 </Td> <Td> 902 </Td> <Td> 346 </Td> <Td> 651 </Td> <Td> 2,801 </Td> <Td> 21.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> J.J. Redick </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Duke </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 825 </Td> <Td> 457 </Td> <Td> 662 </Td> <Td> 2,769 </Td> <Td> 19.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hank Gathers </Td> <Td> F / C </Td> <Td> Southern California / Loyola Marymount </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 1,127 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 469 </Td> <Td> 2,723 </Td> <Td> 23.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tyler Haws </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> BYU </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 917 </Td> <Td> 162 </Td> <Td> 724 </Td> <Td> 2,720 </Td> <Td> 19.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Reggie Lewis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Northeastern </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> <Td> 1,043 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 592 </Td> <Td> 2,709 </Td> <Td> 22.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daren Queenan </Td> <Td> G / F </Td> <Td> Lehigh </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td>\n\nQuestion:\nwho has scored the most points in college basketball\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 3228, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has scored the most points in college basketball\n\nDocument:\n> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 1,226 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 462 </Td> <Td> 2,914 </Td> <Td> 24.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elvin Hayes * </Td> <Td> C / F </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 1,215 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 2,884 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tyler Hansbrough </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 142 </Td> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 982 </Td> <Td> 2,872 </Td> <Td> 20.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Larry Bird * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indiana State </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1,154 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 542 </Td> <Td> 2,850 </Td> <Td> 30.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Otis Birdsong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Houston ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 1,176 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 480 </Td> <Td> 2,832 </Td> <Td> 24.4 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kevin Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bethune - Cookman / U.S. International </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 1,027 </Td> <Td> 132 </Td> <Td> 618 </Td> <Td> 2,804 </Td> <Td> 25.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allan Houston </Td> <Td> G / F </Td> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 128 </Td> <Td> 902 </Td> <Td> 346 </Td> <Td> 651 </Td> <Td> 2,801 </Td> <Td> 21.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> J.J. Redick </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Duke </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 825 </Td> <Td> 457 </Td> <Td> 662 </Td> <Td> 2,769 </Td> <Td> 19.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hank Gathers </Td> <Td> F / C </Td> <Td> Southern California / Loyola Marymount </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 1,127 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 469 </Td> <Td> 2,723 </Td> <Td> 23.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tyler Haws </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> BYU </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 917 </Td> <Td> 162 </Td> <Td> 724 </Td> <Td> 2,720 </Td> <Td> 19.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Reggie Lewis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Northeastern </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> <Td> 1,043 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 592 </Td> <Td> 2,709 </Td> <Td> 22.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daren Queenan </Td> <Td> G / F </Td> <Td> Lehigh </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td>\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2317, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records , three players -- Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes -- only had three seasons to compile their totals . Larry Bird redshirted ( sat out ) his freshman year , and therefore , like Maravich , Robertson , and Hayes , his totals also cover only three seasons ( though in Bird 's case , unlike the others , it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level ) . With the added benefits of a three - point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility , their already - historical statistics would have been much higher . Maravich , a guard from LSU , not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history , but also the highest career total . Remarkably , he scored 3,667 points ( over 400 more than the next closest player ) in a mere 83 games . His record is considered nearly unbreakable ; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson , who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball . However , Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) following his junior season in 2008 -- 09 . </P> <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> \n\nQuestion:\nwho has scored the most points in college basketball\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2317, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has scored the most points in college basketball\n\nDocument:\nshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records , three players -- Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes -- only had three seasons to compile their totals . Larry Bird redshirted ( sat out ) his freshman year , and therefore , like Maravich , Robertson , and Hayes , his totals also cover only three seasons ( though in Bird 's case , unlike the others , it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level ) . With the added benefits of a three - point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility , their already - historical statistics would have been much higher . Maravich , a guard from LSU , not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history , but also the highest career total . Remarkably , he scored 3,667 points ( over 400 more than the next closest player ) in a mere 83 games . His record is considered nearly unbreakable ; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson , who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball . However , Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) following his junior season in 2008 -- 09 . </P> <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1494, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ntic Association ( NCAA ) Division I basketball , where a player 's career is at most four seasons long , it is considered a notable achievement to reach the 1,000 - points scored threshold . In even rarer instances , players have reached the 2,000 - and 3,000 - point plateaus ( no player has ever scored 4,000 or more points at the Division I level ) . The top 25 highest scorers in NCAA Division I men 's basketball history are listed below . The NCAA did not split into its current divisions format until August 1973 . From 1906 to 1955 , there were no classifications to the NCAA nor its predecessor , the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States ( IAAUS ) . Then , from 1956 to spring 1973 , colleges were classified as either `` NCAA University Division ( Major College ) '' or `` NCAA College Division ( Small College ) '' . </P> <P> Some of the top 25 scorers in Division I history played before the three - point line was officially instituted in 1986 -- 87 . All of the players with a dash through the three - point field goals made column were affected by this rule . Hank Gathers of Loyola Marymount is the only three - point shot era player on this list who did not make a single three - point shot . From the 1986 -- 87 season through the 2007 -- 08 season , the three - point perimeter was marked at 19 ft 9 in ( 6.02 m ) for both men 's and women 's college basketball . On May 3 , 2007 , the NCAA men 's basketball rules committee passed a measure to extend the distance of the men 's three - point line back to 20 ft 9 in ( 6.32 m ) ; the women 's line would remain at the original distance until it was moved to match the men 's distance effective in 2011 -- 12 . </P> <P> Additionally , several of the players on this list played during an era when college freshmen were ineligible to compete at the varsity level and were forced to participate on either freshman or junior varsity teams . Since freshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records , three players -- Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes -- only had three seasons to compile their totals . Larry Bird redshirted ( sat out ) his freshman year , and therefore , like Maravich , Robertson , and Hayes , his totals also cover only three seasons ( though in Bird 's case , unlike the others , it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level ) . With the added benefits of a three - point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility , their already - historical statistics would have been much higher . Maravich , a guard from LSU , not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history , but also the highest career total . Remarkably , he scored 3,667 points ( over 400 more than the next closest player ) in a mere 83 games . His record is considered nearly unbreakable ; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson , who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball . However , Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) following his junior season in 2008 -- 09 . </P> <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freeman Wi\n\nQuestion:\nwho has scored the most points in college basketball\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1494, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho has scored the most points in college basketball\n\nDocument:\ntic Association ( NCAA ) Division I basketball , where a player 's career is at most four seasons long , it is considered a notable achievement to reach the 1,000 - points scored threshold . In even rarer instances , players have reached the 2,000 - and 3,000 - point plateaus ( no player has ever scored 4,000 or more points at the Division I level ) . The top 25 highest scorers in NCAA Division I men 's basketball history are listed below . The NCAA did not split into its current divisions format until August 1973 . From 1906 to 1955 , there were no classifications to the NCAA nor its predecessor , the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States ( IAAUS ) . Then , from 1956 to spring 1973 , colleges were classified as either `` NCAA University Division ( Major College ) '' or `` NCAA College Division ( Small College ) '' . </P> <P> Some of the top 25 scorers in Division I history played before the three - point line was officially instituted in 1986 -- 87 . All of the players with a dash through the three - point field goals made column were affected by this rule . Hank Gathers of Loyola Marymount is the only three - point shot era player on this list who did not make a single three - point shot . From the 1986 -- 87 season through the 2007 -- 08 season , the three - point perimeter was marked at 19 ft 9 in ( 6.02 m ) for both men 's and women 's college basketball . On May 3 , 2007 , the NCAA men 's basketball rules committee passed a measure to extend the distance of the men 's three - point line back to 20 ft 9 in ( 6.32 m ) ; the women 's line would remain at the original distance until it was moved to match the men 's distance effective in 2011 -- 12 . </P> <P> Additionally , several of the players on this list played during an era when college freshmen were ineligible to compete at the varsity level and were forced to participate on either freshman or junior varsity teams . Since freshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records , three players -- Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes -- only had three seasons to compile their totals . Larry Bird redshirted ( sat out ) his freshman year , and therefore , like Maravich , Robertson , and Hayes , his totals also cover only three seasons ( though in Bird 's case , unlike the others , it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level ) . With the added benefits of a three - point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility , their already - historical statistics would have been much higher . Maravich , a guard from LSU , not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history , but also the highest career total . Remarkably , he scored 3,667 points ( over 400 more than the next closest player ) in a mere 83 games . His record is considered nearly unbreakable ; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson , who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball . However , Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) following his junior season in 2008 -- 09 . </P> <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freeman Wi\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2136, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n years until it was finally dispersed by a party of Windward Maroons in 1819 . </P> <H2> Maroons in the 21st century ( edit ) </H2> Hon . Colonel Ferron Williams , Colonel - in - Chief and elected leader of Accompong <P> To this day , the maroons in Jamaica are to a small extent autonomous and separate from Jamaican culture . Those of Accompong have preserved their land since 1739 . The isolation used to their advantage by their ancestors has today resulted in their communities being amongst the most inaccessible on the island . </P> <P> Today , the four official Maroon towns still in existence in Jamaica are Accompong Town , Moore Town , Charles Town and Scott 's Hall . They hold lands allotted to them in the 1739 - 1740 treaties with the British . These maroons still maintain their traditional celebrations and practices , some of which have West African origin . For example , the council of a Maroon settlement is called an Asofo , from the Twi Akan word asafo ( assembly , church , society ) . </P> <P> Native Jamaicans and island tourists are allowed to attend many of these events . Others considered sacred are held in secret and shrouded in mystery . Singing , dancing , drum - playing and preparation of traditional foods form a central part of most gatherings . In their largest town , Accompong , in the parish of St. Elizabeth , the Leeward Maroons have a vibrant community of about 600 . Tours of the village are offered to foreigners . They hold a large festival annually on 6 January to commemorate the signing of the peace treaty with the British after the First Maroon War . </P> <P> Moore Town , located between the Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains in Portland Parish , was relisted on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 for its Maroon heritage , particularly music . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1984 - Caribbean Crucible . From Repercussions : A Celebration of African - American Music TV series , program 6 . Directed by Dennis Marks and Geoffrey Haydon . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Coromantee </Li> <Li> Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Maroon ( people ) </Li> <Li> Maroon Town , Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Dread & Alive , comic series centered on a maroon . </Li> <Li> Sierra Leone Creole people </Li> <Li> Black Nova Scotians </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seminole - Origin and meaning of Seminole by Online Etymology Dictionary '' . www.etymonline.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Madrilejo , N ; Lombard , H ; Torres , JB ( 2015 ) . `` Origins of marronage : Mitochondrial lineages of Jamaica 's Accompong Town Maroons '' . Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27 : 432 -- 7 . doi : 10.1002 / ajhb. 22656 . PMID 25392952 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Michael Siva , After the Treaties : A Social , Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica , 1739 -- 1842 , PhD Dissertation ( Southampton : Southampton University , 2018 ) , pp. 23 -- 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ E. Kofi Agorsah , ' Archaeology of Maroon Settlements in Jamaica ' , Maroon Heritage : Archaeological , Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives , ed. by E. Kofi Agorsah ( Kingston : University of the West Indies Canoe Press , 1994 ) , pp. 180 - 1 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Michael . Testing the Chains . Cornell University Press , 1982 , p. 70 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mavis Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica 1655 - 1796 : a History of Resistance , Collaboration & Betrayal ( Massachusetts : Bergin & Garvey , 1988 ) , pp. 25 -- 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 71 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bev Carey , The Maroon Story : The Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica 1490 - 1880 ( Kingston , Jamaica : Agouti Press , 1997 ) , p. 113 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 14 -- 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 71 -- 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sainsbury , W. Noel . `` America and West Indies '' . Calendar of State Papers Colonial , America and West Indies. 1 , 5 ( 1574 -- 1660 , 1661 -- 1668 ) . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 75 -- 76 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 77 -- 78 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Philip Thicknesse , Memoirs and Anecdotes of Philip Thicknesse ( Dublin : Craisberry and Campbell , 1790 ) , pp. 56 -- 77 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 48 -- 49 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 79 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jamaican Ministry of Education , Youth & Culture : Jamaica 's National Heroes </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 82 -- 83 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 84 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 85 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 87 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 87 -- 88 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 89 -- 90 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 91 -- 92 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Siva , After the Treaties , p. 56 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barbara Kopytoff , 2Jamaican Maroon Political Organization : the Effects of the Treaties `` , Social and Economic Studies , Vol. 25 , No. 2 ( 1976 ) , pp. 92 -- 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Orlando Patterson , ' Slavery and Slave Revolts : A Sociohistorical Analysis of the First Maroon War , 1665\n\nQuestion:\nhow many maroon villages still exist in jamaica today\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "four" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2136, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many maroon villages still exist in jamaica today\n\nDocument:\n years until it was finally dispersed by a party of Windward Maroons in 1819 . </P> <H2> Maroons in the 21st century ( edit ) </H2> Hon . Colonel Ferron Williams , Colonel - in - Chief and elected leader of Accompong <P> To this day , the maroons in Jamaica are to a small extent autonomous and separate from Jamaican culture . Those of Accompong have preserved their land since 1739 . The isolation used to their advantage by their ancestors has today resulted in their communities being amongst the most inaccessible on the island . </P> <P> Today , the four official Maroon towns still in existence in Jamaica are Accompong Town , Moore Town , Charles Town and Scott 's Hall . They hold lands allotted to them in the 1739 - 1740 treaties with the British . These maroons still maintain their traditional celebrations and practices , some of which have West African origin . For example , the council of a Maroon settlement is called an Asofo , from the Twi Akan word asafo ( assembly , church , society ) . </P> <P> Native Jamaicans and island tourists are allowed to attend many of these events . Others considered sacred are held in secret and shrouded in mystery . Singing , dancing , drum - playing and preparation of traditional foods form a central part of most gatherings . In their largest town , Accompong , in the parish of St. Elizabeth , the Leeward Maroons have a vibrant community of about 600 . Tours of the village are offered to foreigners . They hold a large festival annually on 6 January to commemorate the signing of the peace treaty with the British after the First Maroon War . </P> <P> Moore Town , located between the Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains in Portland Parish , was relisted on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 for its Maroon heritage , particularly music . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1984 - Caribbean Crucible . From Repercussions : A Celebration of African - American Music TV series , program 6 . Directed by Dennis Marks and Geoffrey Haydon . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Coromantee </Li> <Li> Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Maroon ( people ) </Li> <Li> Maroon Town , Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Dread & Alive , comic series centered on a maroon . </Li> <Li> Sierra Leone Creole people </Li> <Li> Black Nova Scotians </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seminole - Origin and meaning of Seminole by Online Etymology Dictionary '' . www.etymonline.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Madrilejo , N ; Lombard , H ; Torres , JB ( 2015 ) . `` Origins of marronage : Mitochondrial lineages of Jamaica 's Accompong Town Maroons '' . Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27 : 432 -- 7 . doi : 10.1002 / ajhb. 22656 . PMID 25392952 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Michael Siva , After the Treaties : A Social , Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica , 1739 -- 1842 , PhD Dissertation ( Southampton : Southampton University , 2018 ) , pp. 23 -- 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ E. Kofi Agorsah , ' Archaeology of Maroon Settlements in Jamaica ' , Maroon Heritage : Archaeological , Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives , ed. by E. Kofi Agorsah ( Kingston : University of the West Indies Canoe Press , 1994 ) , pp. 180 - 1 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Michael . Testing the Chains . Cornell University Press , 1982 , p. 70 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mavis Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica 1655 - 1796 : a History of Resistance , Collaboration & Betrayal ( Massachusetts : Bergin & Garvey , 1988 ) , pp. 25 -- 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 71 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bev Carey , The Maroon Story : The Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica 1490 - 1880 ( Kingston , Jamaica : Agouti Press , 1997 ) , p. 113 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 14 -- 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 71 -- 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sainsbury , W. Noel . `` America and West Indies '' . Calendar of State Papers Colonial , America and West Indies. 1 , 5 ( 1574 -- 1660 , 1661 -- 1668 ) . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 75 -- 76 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 77 -- 78 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Philip Thicknesse , Memoirs and Anecdotes of Philip Thicknesse ( Dublin : Craisberry and Campbell , 1790 ) , pp. 56 -- 77 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 48 -- 49 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 79 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jamaican Ministry of Education , Youth & Culture : Jamaica 's National Heroes </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 82 -- 83 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 84 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 85 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 87 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 87 -- 88 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 89 -- 90 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 91 -- 92 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Siva , After the Treaties , p. 56 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barbara Kopytoff , 2Jamaican Maroon Political Organization : the Effects of the Treaties `` , Social and Economic Studies , Vol. 25 , No. 2 ( 1976 ) , pp. 92 -- 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Orlando Patterson , ' Slavery and Slave Revolts : A Sociohistorical Analysis of the First Maroon War , 1665\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "four" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1986, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ncommunities of runaway slaves . The Maroons of the smaller town of Accompong were unable to cope with the growing numbers of runaways in western Jamaica , who found refuge in the Cockpit Country . </P> <P> The Accompong Maroons tried but failed in their attempts to disperse the runaway community of Cuffee ( Jamaica ) , who established a community of runaway slaves in the Cockpit Country in 1798 . When Cuffee 's group faded from the colonial records , their place was taken by another group of runaways , who established themselves in the Cockpit Country in 1812 . The community of Me - no - sen - You - no - Come also resisted attempts by the Accompong Maroons and the colonial militias to disperse them in the 1820s . At about the same time , a large group of runaway slaves established themselves near Hellshire Beach , and it thrived there for years until it was finally dispersed by a party of Windward Maroons in 1819 . </P> <H2> Maroons in the 21st century ( edit ) </H2> Hon . Colonel Ferron Williams , Colonel - in - Chief and elected leader of Accompong <P> To this day , the maroons in Jamaica are to a small extent autonomous and separate from Jamaican culture . Those of Accompong have preserved their land since 1739 . The isolation used to their advantage by their ancestors has today resulted in their communities being amongst the most inaccessible on the island . </P> <P> Today , the four official Maroon towns still in existence in Jamaica are Accompong Town , Moore Town , Charles Town and Scott 's Hall . They hold lands allotted to them in the 1739 - 1740 treaties with the British . These maroons still maintain their traditional celebrations and practices , some of which have West African origin . For example , the council of a Maroon settlement is called an Asofo , from the Twi Akan word asafo ( assembly , church , society ) . </P> <P> Native Jamaicans and island tourists are allowed to attend many of these events . Others considered sacred are held in secret and shrouded in mystery . Singing , dancing , drum - playing and preparation of traditional foods form a central part of most gatherings . In their largest town , Accompong , in the parish of St. Elizabeth , the Leeward Maroons have a vibrant community of about 600 . Tours of the village are offered to foreigners . They hold a large festival annually on 6 January to commemorate the signing of the peace treaty with the British after the First Maroon War . </P> <P> Moore Town , located between the Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains in Portland Parish , was relisted on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 for its Maroon heritage , particularly music . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1984 - Caribbean Crucible . From Repercussions : A Celebration of African - American Music TV series , program 6 . Directed by Dennis Marks and Geoffrey Haydon . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Coromantee </Li> <Li> Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Maroon ( people ) </Li> <Li> Maroon Town , Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Dread & Alive , comic series centered on a maroon . </Li> <Li> Sierra Leone Creole people </Li> <Li> Black Nova Scotians </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seminole - Origin and meaning of Seminole by Online Etymology Dictionary '' . www.etymonline.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Madrilejo , N ; Lombard , H ; Torres , JB ( 2015 ) . `` Origins of marronage : Mitochondrial lineages of Jamaica 's Accompong Town Maroons '' . Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27 : 432 -- 7 . doi : 10.1002 / ajhb. 22656 . PMID 25392952 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Michael Siva , After the Treaties : A Social , Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica , 1739 -- 1842 , PhD Dissertation ( Southampton : Southampton University , 2018 ) , pp. 23 -- 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ E. Kofi Agorsah , ' Archaeology of Maroon Settlements in Jamaica ' , Maroon Heritage : Archaeological , Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives , ed. by E. Kofi Agorsah ( Kingston : University of the West Indies Canoe Press , 1994 ) , pp. 180 - 1 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Michael . Testing the Chains . Cornell University Press , 1982 , p. 70 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mavis Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica 1655 - 1796 : a History of Resistance , Collaboration & Betrayal ( Massachusetts : Bergin & Garvey , 1988 ) , pp. 25 -- 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 71 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bev Carey , The Maroon Story : The Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica 1490 - 1880 ( Kingston , Jamaica : Agouti Press , 1997 ) , p. 113 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 14 -- 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 71 -- 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sainsbury , W. Noel . `` America and West Indies '' . Calendar of State Papers Colonial , America and West Indies. 1 , 5 ( 1574 -- 1660 , 1661 -- 1668 ) . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 75 -- 76 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 77 -- 78 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Philip Thicknesse , Memoirs and Anecdotes of Philip Thicknesse ( Dublin : Craisberry and Campbell , 1790 ) , pp. 56 -- 77 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 48 -- 49 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 79 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jamaican Ministry of Education , Youth & Culture : Jamaica 's National Heroes </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , \n\nQuestion:\nhow many maroon villages still exist in jamaica today\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "four" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1986, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many maroon villages still exist in jamaica today\n\nDocument:\ncommunities of runaway slaves . The Maroons of the smaller town of Accompong were unable to cope with the growing numbers of runaways in western Jamaica , who found refuge in the Cockpit Country . </P> <P> The Accompong Maroons tried but failed in their attempts to disperse the runaway community of Cuffee ( Jamaica ) , who established a community of runaway slaves in the Cockpit Country in 1798 . When Cuffee 's group faded from the colonial records , their place was taken by another group of runaways , who established themselves in the Cockpit Country in 1812 . The community of Me - no - sen - You - no - Come also resisted attempts by the Accompong Maroons and the colonial militias to disperse them in the 1820s . At about the same time , a large group of runaway slaves established themselves near Hellshire Beach , and it thrived there for years until it was finally dispersed by a party of Windward Maroons in 1819 . </P> <H2> Maroons in the 21st century ( edit ) </H2> Hon . Colonel Ferron Williams , Colonel - in - Chief and elected leader of Accompong <P> To this day , the maroons in Jamaica are to a small extent autonomous and separate from Jamaican culture . Those of Accompong have preserved their land since 1739 . The isolation used to their advantage by their ancestors has today resulted in their communities being amongst the most inaccessible on the island . </P> <P> Today , the four official Maroon towns still in existence in Jamaica are Accompong Town , Moore Town , Charles Town and Scott 's Hall . They hold lands allotted to them in the 1739 - 1740 treaties with the British . These maroons still maintain their traditional celebrations and practices , some of which have West African origin . For example , the council of a Maroon settlement is called an Asofo , from the Twi Akan word asafo ( assembly , church , society ) . </P> <P> Native Jamaicans and island tourists are allowed to attend many of these events . Others considered sacred are held in secret and shrouded in mystery . Singing , dancing , drum - playing and preparation of traditional foods form a central part of most gatherings . In their largest town , Accompong , in the parish of St. Elizabeth , the Leeward Maroons have a vibrant community of about 600 . Tours of the village are offered to foreigners . They hold a large festival annually on 6 January to commemorate the signing of the peace treaty with the British after the First Maroon War . </P> <P> Moore Town , located between the Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains in Portland Parish , was relisted on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 for its Maroon heritage , particularly music . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1984 - Caribbean Crucible . From Repercussions : A Celebration of African - American Music TV series , program 6 . Directed by Dennis Marks and Geoffrey Haydon . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Coromantee </Li> <Li> Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Maroon ( people ) </Li> <Li> Maroon Town , Sierra Leone </Li> <Li> Dread & Alive , comic series centered on a maroon . </Li> <Li> Sierra Leone Creole people </Li> <Li> Black Nova Scotians </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seminole - Origin and meaning of Seminole by Online Etymology Dictionary '' . www.etymonline.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Madrilejo , N ; Lombard , H ; Torres , JB ( 2015 ) . `` Origins of marronage : Mitochondrial lineages of Jamaica 's Accompong Town Maroons '' . Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27 : 432 -- 7 . doi : 10.1002 / ajhb. 22656 . PMID 25392952 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Michael Siva , After the Treaties : A Social , Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica , 1739 -- 1842 , PhD Dissertation ( Southampton : Southampton University , 2018 ) , pp. 23 -- 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ E. Kofi Agorsah , ' Archaeology of Maroon Settlements in Jamaica ' , Maroon Heritage : Archaeological , Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives , ed. by E. Kofi Agorsah ( Kingston : University of the West Indies Canoe Press , 1994 ) , pp. 180 - 1 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Michael . Testing the Chains . Cornell University Press , 1982 , p. 70 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mavis Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica 1655 - 1796 : a History of Resistance , Collaboration & Betrayal ( Massachusetts : Bergin & Garvey , 1988 ) , pp. 25 -- 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 71 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bev Carey , The Maroon Story : The Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica 1490 - 1880 ( Kingston , Jamaica : Agouti Press , 1997 ) , p. 113 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 14 -- 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 71 -- 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sainsbury , W. Noel . `` America and West Indies '' . Calendar of State Papers Colonial , America and West Indies. 1 , 5 ( 1574 -- 1660 , 1661 -- 1668 ) . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 75 -- 76 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 77 -- 78 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Philip Thicknesse , Memoirs and Anecdotes of Philip Thicknesse ( Dublin : Craisberry and Campbell , 1790 ) , pp. 56 -- 77 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campbell , The Maroons of Jamaica , pp. 48 -- 49 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , pp. 78 -- 79 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , Testing the Chains ( 1982 ) , p. 81 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jamaican Ministry of Education , Youth & Culture : Jamaica 's National Heroes </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Craton , \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "four" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1483, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ny ended the rebellion , by October , related uprisings broke out on the leeward side of the island . Cudjoe 's well - trained forces were also mobilized to help deal with them , apparently to good effect . </P> <P> In the years that followed the rebellion , many Maroon officers such as Samuel Grant ( Maroon ) , allegedly the son of Davy , made a career out of hunting runaway slaves for the colonial authorities . In the eighteenth century , Maroons also hunted and killed notorious escaped slaves and their deputies , such as Ancoma , Three Fingered Jack ( Jamaica ) and Dagger . However , while they were successful in capturing and killing some runaways and their leaders , most members of the runaway communities continued to thrive under new leaders . </P> <H3> Second Maroon War 1795 -- 1796 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Second Maroon War <P> The Second Maroon War began in 1795 against the background of the British Jamaican plantocracy panicked by the excesses of French Revolution , and by the corresponding start of a slave revolt in neighboring Saint - Domingue , which ended with the independence of Haiti in 1804 . At the same time , an increasing hunger for land among expanding maroon communities in Jamaica coincided with several more immediate and proximate causes of grievance among the maroons of Cudjoe 's Town ( Trelawny Town ) . </P> <P> The treaties following the First Maroon War had called for the assignment of a white ' superintendent ' in each maroon community . Trelawny Town had objected to the official recently assigned to them and eventually expelled him . At this , the new , hardline Governor , Balcarres , sent William Fitch to march on Trelawny Town with a military force to demand their immediate submission . Balcarres ignored the advice of local planters , who suggested giving the Maroons some more land in order to avoid conflict . The governor refused to heed the advice , and instead provoked a conflict that could have been avoided by demanding their unconditional surrender . The Trelawny Maroons , led by their colonel , Montague James , chose to fight and were initially successful , fighting a guerrilla war in small bands under several captains , of whom the most noted were Johnson , Parkinson and Palmer . The casualties suffered by Fitch and his men were significantly higher than those felt by the Maroons of Trelawny Town . When the Trelawny Town Maroons killed Fitch , several of his officers , some Accompong Maroon trackers , and many militia soldiers in an ambush , Balcarres appointed a new general , George Walpole . This new general suffered more setbacks , until he eventually opted to besiege the Cockpit Country on a massive scale , surrounding it with watchposts , firing in shells from a long distance , and intending to destroy or cut off all maroon provision grounds . Meanwhile , maroon attempts to recruit plantation slaves met with a mixed response , and other maroon communities maintained neutrality . Accompong Town , however , fought on the side of the colonial militias against Trelawny Town . </P> <P> Despite signs that the siege was working , Balcarres grew impatient and sent to Cuba for a hundred hunting dogs and handlers . The reputation of these was so fearsome that their arrival quickly prompted the surrender of the majority of Trelawny forces . The Maroons however , only put down their arms on condition that they would not be deported , and Walpole gave his word that would be the case . To Walpole 's dismay , Balcarres refused to treat with the defeated maroons and had them deported from Jamaica , at first to Nova Scotia , then to the new British colony of Sierra Leone , and joined the ' African American founders ' who established the Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown , Sierra Leone . From the 1830s on some Maroons ( or their descendents ) returned to Jamaica to work as free laborers ( although many of these returnees resettled in Sierra Leone ) ( see Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone ) or formed the new Creole ethnic group of Sierra Leone which established diaspora communities along the West African shores from Sierra Leone to the Gambia to Fernando Pó . </P> <H3> Maroons in the 19th century ( edit ) </H3> <P> When the colonial authorities deported the Maroons of Trelawny Town , they left a void which was filled by communities of runaway slaves . The Maroons of the smaller town of Accompong were unable to cope with the growing numbers of runaways in western Jamaica , who found refuge in the Cockpit Country . </P> <P> The Accompong Maroons tried but failed in their attempts to disperse the runaway community of Cuffee ( Jamaica ) , who established a community of runaway slaves in the Cockpit Country in 1798 . When Cuffee 's group faded from the colonial records , their place was taken by another group of runaways , who established themselves in the Cockpit Country in 1812 . The community of Me - no - sen - You - no - Come also resisted attempts by the Accompong Maroons and the colonial militias to disperse them in the 1820s . At about the same time , a large group of runaway slaves established themselves near Hellshire Beach , and it thrived there for years until it was finally dispersed by a party of Windward Maroons in 1819 . </P> <H2> Maroons in the 21st century ( edit ) </H2> Hon . Colonel Ferron Williams , Colonel - in - Chief and elected leader of Accompong <P> To this day , the maroons in Jamaica are to a small extent autonomous and separate from Jamaican culture . Those of Accompong have preserved their land since 1739 . The isolation used to their advantage by their ancestors has today resulted in their communities being amongst the most inaccessible on the island . </P> <P> Today , the four official Maroon towns still\n\nQuestion:\nhow many maroon villages still exist in jamaica today\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "four" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1483, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nhow many maroon villages still exist in jamaica today\n\nDocument:\ny ended the rebellion , by October , related uprisings broke out on the leeward side of the island . Cudjoe 's well - trained forces were also mobilized to help deal with them , apparently to good effect . </P> <P> In the years that followed the rebellion , many Maroon officers such as Samuel Grant ( Maroon ) , allegedly the son of Davy , made a career out of hunting runaway slaves for the colonial authorities . In the eighteenth century , Maroons also hunted and killed notorious escaped slaves and their deputies , such as Ancoma , Three Fingered Jack ( Jamaica ) and Dagger . However , while they were successful in capturing and killing some runaways and their leaders , most members of the runaway communities continued to thrive under new leaders . </P> <H3> Second Maroon War 1795 -- 1796 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Second Maroon War <P> The Second Maroon War began in 1795 against the background of the British Jamaican plantocracy panicked by the excesses of French Revolution , and by the corresponding start of a slave revolt in neighboring Saint - Domingue , which ended with the independence of Haiti in 1804 . At the same time , an increasing hunger for land among expanding maroon communities in Jamaica coincided with several more immediate and proximate causes of grievance among the maroons of Cudjoe 's Town ( Trelawny Town ) . </P> <P> The treaties following the First Maroon War had called for the assignment of a white ' superintendent ' in each maroon community . Trelawny Town had objected to the official recently assigned to them and eventually expelled him . At this , the new , hardline Governor , Balcarres , sent William Fitch to march on Trelawny Town with a military force to demand their immediate submission . Balcarres ignored the advice of local planters , who suggested giving the Maroons some more land in order to avoid conflict . The governor refused to heed the advice , and instead provoked a conflict that could have been avoided by demanding their unconditional surrender . The Trelawny Maroons , led by their colonel , Montague James , chose to fight and were initially successful , fighting a guerrilla war in small bands under several captains , of whom the most noted were Johnson , Parkinson and Palmer . The casualties suffered by Fitch and his men were significantly higher than those felt by the Maroons of Trelawny Town . When the Trelawny Town Maroons killed Fitch , several of his officers , some Accompong Maroon trackers , and many militia soldiers in an ambush , Balcarres appointed a new general , George Walpole . This new general suffered more setbacks , until he eventually opted to besiege the Cockpit Country on a massive scale , surrounding it with watchposts , firing in shells from a long distance , and intending to destroy or cut off all maroon provision grounds . Meanwhile , maroon attempts to recruit plantation slaves met with a mixed response , and other maroon communities maintained neutrality . Accompong Town , however , fought on the side of the colonial militias against Trelawny Town . </P> <P> Despite signs that the siege was working , Balcarres grew impatient and sent to Cuba for a hundred hunting dogs and handlers . The reputation of these was so fearsome that their arrival quickly prompted the surrender of the majority of Trelawny forces . The Maroons however , only put down their arms on condition that they would not be deported , and Walpole gave his word that would be the case . To Walpole 's dismay , Balcarres refused to treat with the defeated maroons and had them deported from Jamaica , at first to Nova Scotia , then to the new British colony of Sierra Leone , and joined the ' African American founders ' who established the Colony of Sierra Leone and the settlement of Freetown , Sierra Leone . From the 1830s on some Maroons ( or their descendents ) returned to Jamaica to work as free laborers ( although many of these returnees resettled in Sierra Leone ) ( see Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone ) or formed the new Creole ethnic group of Sierra Leone which established diaspora communities along the West African shores from Sierra Leone to the Gambia to Fernando Pó . </P> <H3> Maroons in the 19th century ( edit ) </H3> <P> When the colonial authorities deported the Maroons of Trelawny Town , they left a void which was filled by communities of runaway slaves . The Maroons of the smaller town of Accompong were unable to cope with the growing numbers of runaways in western Jamaica , who found refuge in the Cockpit Country . </P> <P> The Accompong Maroons tried but failed in their attempts to disperse the runaway community of Cuffee ( Jamaica ) , who established a community of runaway slaves in the Cockpit Country in 1798 . When Cuffee 's group faded from the colonial records , their place was taken by another group of runaways , who established themselves in the Cockpit Country in 1812 . The community of Me - no - sen - You - no - Come also resisted attempts by the Accompong Maroons and the colonial militias to disperse them in the 1820s . At about the same time , a large group of runaway slaves established themselves near Hellshire Beach , and it thrived there for years until it was finally dispersed by a party of Windward Maroons in 1819 . </P> <H2> Maroons in the 21st century ( edit ) </H2> Hon . Colonel Ferron Williams , Colonel - in - Chief and elected leader of Accompong <P> To this day , the maroons in Jamaica are to a small extent autonomous and separate from Jamaican culture . Those of Accompong have preserved their land since 1739 . The isolation used to their advantage by their ancestors has today resulted in their communities being amongst the most inaccessible on the island . </P> <P> Today , the four official Maroon towns still\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "four" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1801, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nkipedia <H1> Rules of Engagement ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Rules of Engagement </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Tom Hertz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> David Spade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Patrick Warburton Megyn Price Oliver Hudson Bianca Kajlich Adhir Kalyan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` How Many Ways '' by Señor Happy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bert Selen George Ritter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 100 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple - camera setup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Game Six Productions Happy Madison Productions CBS Paramount Television ( 2007 -- 09 ) CBS Television Studios ( 2010 -- 13 ) Sony Pictures Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution ( non-USA ) Sony Pictures Television ( USA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 05 ) -- May 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.cbs.com/shows/rules_of_engagement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5 , 2007 , to May 20 , 2013 , originally airing as a mid-season replacement . The series was produced by Adam Sandler 's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television ( SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights ) . </P> <P> The show received negative reviews throughout its run . Despite this , it always earned reasonably good ratings , helping the show reach 100 episodes ( typically the minimum for syndication ) over seven seasons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3.2 Major recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 U.S. ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Syndication </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 9 International broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Polish version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two couples and their single friend deal with the complications of dating , commitment and marriage . It looks at different relationships in various stages , starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long - married couple , Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts , and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan ( the latter added in season 3 ) as their still - single friends . They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at `` The Island Diner '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night , the first of seven episodes in its first season . The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show . The series was renewed for a second season , which began as a mid-season replacement for The New Adventures of Old Christine on Monday , September 24 , 2007 , with production halted after nine episodes on November 6 , 2007 , in the wake of a writers ' strike . After the strike ended , CBS announced that the show would return April 14 , 2008 , with a further six episodes . </P> <P> Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010 . On May 18 , 2010 , it was announced that CBS had renewed Rules of Engagement for a 5th season . It was later announced that this season would start in September , in contrast to its usual midseason start , and received an expanded 24 - episode order . ( The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full - season order . ) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights , usually in the 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central time slot following How I Met Your Mother . Then on February 24 , 2011 , the series moved to Thursdays at 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central , following The Big Bang Theory , after the cancellation of $ h * ! My Dad Says . On January 31 , 2011 , CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series to prepare for the possibility of Two and a Half Men going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen 's real - life issues , taking the episode order to 26 . Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season . </P> <P> On May 17 , 2011 , the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011 . One day later , CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would move to Saturday nights at 8 : 00 pm Eastern / 7 : 00 pm Central as part of the network 's new Comedytime Saturday block ; the first time in six years that an original CBS program wo\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings theme song for rules of engagement\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Señor Happy" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1801, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings theme song for rules of engagement\n\nDocument:\nkipedia <H1> Rules of Engagement ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Rules of Engagement </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Tom Hertz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> David Spade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Patrick Warburton Megyn Price Oliver Hudson Bianca Kajlich Adhir Kalyan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` How Many Ways '' by Señor Happy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bert Selen George Ritter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 100 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple - camera setup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Game Six Productions Happy Madison Productions CBS Paramount Television ( 2007 -- 09 ) CBS Television Studios ( 2010 -- 13 ) Sony Pictures Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution ( non-USA ) Sony Pictures Television ( USA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 05 ) -- May 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.cbs.com/shows/rules_of_engagement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5 , 2007 , to May 20 , 2013 , originally airing as a mid-season replacement . The series was produced by Adam Sandler 's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television ( SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights ) . </P> <P> The show received negative reviews throughout its run . Despite this , it always earned reasonably good ratings , helping the show reach 100 episodes ( typically the minimum for syndication ) over seven seasons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3.2 Major recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 U.S. ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Syndication </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 9 International broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Polish version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two couples and their single friend deal with the complications of dating , commitment and marriage . It looks at different relationships in various stages , starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long - married couple , Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts , and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan ( the latter added in season 3 ) as their still - single friends . They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at `` The Island Diner '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night , the first of seven episodes in its first season . The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show . The series was renewed for a second season , which began as a mid-season replacement for The New Adventures of Old Christine on Monday , September 24 , 2007 , with production halted after nine episodes on November 6 , 2007 , in the wake of a writers ' strike . After the strike ended , CBS announced that the show would return April 14 , 2008 , with a further six episodes . </P> <P> Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010 . On May 18 , 2010 , it was announced that CBS had renewed Rules of Engagement for a 5th season . It was later announced that this season would start in September , in contrast to its usual midseason start , and received an expanded 24 - episode order . ( The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full - season order . ) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights , usually in the 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central time slot following How I Met Your Mother . Then on February 24 , 2011 , the series moved to Thursdays at 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central , following The Big Bang Theory , after the cancellation of $ h * ! My Dad Says . On January 31 , 2011 , CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series to prepare for the possibility of Two and a Half Men going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen 's real - life issues , taking the episode order to 26 . Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season . </P> <P> On May 17 , 2011 , the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011 . One day later , CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would move to Saturday nights at 8 : 00 pm Eastern / 7 : 00 pm Central as part of the network 's new Comedytime Saturday block ; the first time in six years that an original CBS program wo\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Señor Happy" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1805, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nRules of Engagement ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Rules of Engagement ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Rules of Engagement </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Tom Hertz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> David Spade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Patrick Warburton Megyn Price Oliver Hudson Bianca Kajlich Adhir Kalyan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` How Many Ways '' by Señor Happy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bert Selen George Ritter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 100 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple - camera setup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Game Six Productions Happy Madison Productions CBS Paramount Television ( 2007 -- 09 ) CBS Television Studios ( 2010 -- 13 ) Sony Pictures Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution ( non-USA ) Sony Pictures Television ( USA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 05 ) -- May 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.cbs.com/shows/rules_of_engagement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5 , 2007 , to May 20 , 2013 , originally airing as a mid-season replacement . The series was produced by Adam Sandler 's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television ( SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights ) . </P> <P> The show received negative reviews throughout its run . Despite this , it always earned reasonably good ratings , helping the show reach 100 episodes ( typically the minimum for syndication ) over seven seasons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3.2 Major recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 U.S. ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Syndication </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 9 International broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Polish version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two couples and their single friend deal with the complications of dating , commitment and marriage . It looks at different relationships in various stages , starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long - married couple , Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts , and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan ( the latter added in season 3 ) as their still - single friends . They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at `` The Island Diner '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night , the first of seven episodes in its first season . The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show . The series was renewed for a second season , which began as a mid-season replacement for The New Adventures of Old Christine on Monday , September 24 , 2007 , with production halted after nine episodes on November 6 , 2007 , in the wake of a writers ' strike . After the strike ended , CBS announced that the show would return April 14 , 2008 , with a further six episodes . </P> <P> Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010 . On May 18 , 2010 , it was announced that CBS had renewed Rules of Engagement for a 5th season . It was later announced that this season would start in September , in contrast to its usual midseason start , and received an expanded 24 - episode order . ( The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full - season order . ) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights , usually in the 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central time slot following How I Met Your Mother . Then on February 24 , 2011 , the series moved to Thursdays at 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central , following The Big Bang Theory , after the cancellation of $ h * ! My Dad Says . On January 31 , 2011 , CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series to prepare for the possibility of Two and a Half Men going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen 's real - life issues , taking the episode order to 26 . Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season . </P> <P> On May 17 , 2011 , the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011 . One day later , CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would move to Saturday nights at 8 : 00 pm Eastern / 7 : 00 pm Central as part of the network 's new Comedytime Saturday block ; the first time in six\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings theme song for rules of engagement\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Señor Happy" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1805, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings theme song for rules of engagement\n\nDocument:\nRules of Engagement ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Rules of Engagement ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Rules of Engagement </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Tom Hertz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> David Spade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Patrick Warburton Megyn Price Oliver Hudson Bianca Kajlich Adhir Kalyan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` How Many Ways '' by Señor Happy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bert Selen George Ritter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 100 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple - camera setup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Game Six Productions Happy Madison Productions CBS Paramount Television ( 2007 -- 09 ) CBS Television Studios ( 2010 -- 13 ) Sony Pictures Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution ( non-USA ) Sony Pictures Television ( USA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 05 ) -- May 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.cbs.com/shows/rules_of_engagement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5 , 2007 , to May 20 , 2013 , originally airing as a mid-season replacement . The series was produced by Adam Sandler 's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television ( SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights ) . </P> <P> The show received negative reviews throughout its run . Despite this , it always earned reasonably good ratings , helping the show reach 100 episodes ( typically the minimum for syndication ) over seven seasons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3.2 Major recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 U.S. ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Syndication </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 9 International broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Polish version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two couples and their single friend deal with the complications of dating , commitment and marriage . It looks at different relationships in various stages , starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long - married couple , Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts , and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan ( the latter added in season 3 ) as their still - single friends . They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at `` The Island Diner '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night , the first of seven episodes in its first season . The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show . The series was renewed for a second season , which began as a mid-season replacement for The New Adventures of Old Christine on Monday , September 24 , 2007 , with production halted after nine episodes on November 6 , 2007 , in the wake of a writers ' strike . After the strike ended , CBS announced that the show would return April 14 , 2008 , with a further six episodes . </P> <P> Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010 . On May 18 , 2010 , it was announced that CBS had renewed Rules of Engagement for a 5th season . It was later announced that this season would start in September , in contrast to its usual midseason start , and received an expanded 24 - episode order . ( The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full - season order . ) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights , usually in the 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central time slot following How I Met Your Mother . Then on February 24 , 2011 , the series moved to Thursdays at 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central , following The Big Bang Theory , after the cancellation of $ h * ! My Dad Says . On January 31 , 2011 , CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series to prepare for the possibility of Two and a Half Men going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen 's real - life issues , taking the episode order to 26 . Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season . </P> <P> On May 17 , 2011 , the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011 . One day later , CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would move to Saturday nights at 8 : 00 pm Eastern / 7 : 00 pm Central as part of the network 's new Comedytime Saturday block ; the first time in six\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Señor Happy" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1805, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nRules of Engagement ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Rules of Engagement ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Rules of Engagement </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Tom Hertz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> David Spade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Patrick Warburton Megyn Price Oliver Hudson Bianca Kajlich Adhir Kalyan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` How Many Ways '' by Señor Happy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bert Selen George Ritter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 100 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple - camera setup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Game Six Productions Happy Madison Productions CBS Paramount Television ( 2007 -- 09 ) CBS Television Studios ( 2010 -- 13 ) Sony Pictures Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution ( non-USA ) Sony Pictures Television ( USA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 05 ) -- May 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.cbs.com/shows/rules_of_engagement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5 , 2007 , to May 20 , 2013 , originally airing as a mid-season replacement . The series was produced by Adam Sandler 's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television ( SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights ) . </P> <P> The show received negative reviews throughout its run . Despite this , it always earned reasonably good ratings , helping the show reach 100 episodes ( typically the minimum for syndication ) over seven seasons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3.2 Major recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 U.S. ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Syndication </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 9 International broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Polish version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two couples and their single friend deal with the complications of dating , commitment and marriage . It looks at different relationships in various stages , starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long - married couple , Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts , and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan ( the latter added in season 3 ) as their still - single friends . They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at `` The Island Diner '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night , the first of seven episodes in its first season . The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show . The series was renewed for a second season , which began as a mid-season replacement for The New Adventures of Old Christine on Monday , September 24 , 2007 , with production halted after nine episodes on November 6 , 2007 , in the wake of a writers ' strike . After the strike ended , CBS announced that the show would return April 14 , 2008 , with a further six episodes . </P> <P> Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010 . On May 18 , 2010 , it was announced that CBS had renewed Rules of Engagement for a 5th season . It was later announced that this season would start in September , in contrast to its usual midseason start , and received an expanded 24 - episode order . ( The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full - season order . ) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights , usually in the 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central time slot following How I Met Your Mother . Then on February 24 , 2011 , the series moved to Thursdays at 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central , following The Big Bang Theory , after the cancellation of $ h * ! My Dad Says . On January 31 , 2011 , CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series to prepare for the possibility of Two and a Half Men going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen 's real - life issues , taking the episode order to 26 . Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season . </P> <P> On May 17 , 2011 , the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011 . One day later , CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would move to Saturday nights at 8 : 00 pm Eastern / 7 : 00 pm Central as part of the network 's new Comedytime Saturday block ; the first time in six\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings theme song for rules of engagement\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Señor Happy" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1805, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sings theme song for rules of engagement\n\nDocument:\nRules of Engagement ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Rules of Engagement ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Rules of Engagement </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Tom Hertz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> David Spade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Patrick Warburton Megyn Price Oliver Hudson Bianca Kajlich Adhir Kalyan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` How Many Ways '' by Señor Happy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bert Selen George Ritter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 100 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple - camera setup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 21 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Game Six Productions Happy Madison Productions CBS Paramount Television ( 2007 -- 09 ) CBS Television Studios ( 2010 -- 13 ) Sony Pictures Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> CBS Television Distribution ( non-USA ) Sony Pictures Television ( USA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i 16 : 9 ( HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2007 ( 2007 - 02 - 05 ) -- May 20 , 2013 ( 2013 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.cbs.com/shows/rules_of_engagement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rules of Engagement is an American sitcom that ran on CBS from February 5 , 2007 , to May 20 , 2013 , originally airing as a mid-season replacement . The series was produced by Adam Sandler 's Happy Madison Productions in association with CBS Television Studios and Sony Pictures Television ( SPT controls the North American rights while CBS controls the international rights ) . </P> <P> The show received negative reviews throughout its run . Despite this , it always earned reasonably good ratings , helping the show reach 100 episodes ( typically the minimum for syndication ) over seven seasons . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Main characters </Li> <Li> 3.2 Major recurring characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 5 U.S. ratings </Li> <Li> 6 Syndication </Li> <Li> 7 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 8 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 9 International broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Polish version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two couples and their single friend deal with the complications of dating , commitment and marriage . It looks at different relationships in various stages , starring Patrick Warburton and Megyn Price as a long - married couple , Oliver Hudson and Bianca Kajlich as newly engaged sweethearts , and David Spade and Adhir Kalyan ( the latter added in season 3 ) as their still - single friends . They often gather to enjoy a meal and discuss their issues at `` The Island Diner '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was heavily promoted by CBS during Super Bowl XLI and launched the following night , the first of seven episodes in its first season . The pilot episode remains the highest rated episode of the show . The series was renewed for a second season , which began as a mid-season replacement for The New Adventures of Old Christine on Monday , September 24 , 2007 , with production halted after nine episodes on November 6 , 2007 , in the wake of a writers ' strike . After the strike ended , CBS announced that the show would return April 14 , 2008 , with a further six episodes . </P> <P> Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010 . On May 18 , 2010 , it was announced that CBS had renewed Rules of Engagement for a 5th season . It was later announced that this season would start in September , in contrast to its usual midseason start , and received an expanded 24 - episode order . ( The fifth season was the first and only season to have a full - season order . ) The first 15 episodes aired on Monday nights , usually in the 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central time slot following How I Met Your Mother . Then on February 24 , 2011 , the series moved to Thursdays at 8 : 30 pm Eastern / 7 : 30 pm Central , following The Big Bang Theory , after the cancellation of $ h * ! My Dad Says . On January 31 , 2011 , CBS ordered an additional two episodes of the series to prepare for the possibility of Two and a Half Men going into hiatus following Charlie Sheen 's real - life issues , taking the episode order to 26 . Two of these episodes were held back and aired as part of the sixth season . </P> <P> On May 17 , 2011 , the series was renewed for a sixth season to begin airing in fall 2011 . One day later , CBS announced that Rules of Engagement would move to Saturday nights at 8 : 00 pm Eastern / 7 : 00 pm Central as part of the network 's new Comedytime Saturday block ; the first time in six\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Señor Happy" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1804, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 50 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5 , 2017 , at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas as part of Super Bowl LI . The show was headlined by Lady Gaga , who performed a medley of her songs , including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne . </P> <P> Gaga 's performance was critically acclaimed , with media outlets praising the show for demonstrating her artistic and musical qualities , and some arguing that it ranked among the top Super Bowl halftime performances in history . The show was also noted for its acknowledgment of the LGBT community , the use of a swarm of lighting - equipped drones for a pre-recorded intro scene , and its perceived political undertones . With 117.5 million television viewers , the Super Bowl LI halftime show was the second most - watched Super Bowl halftime show behind Katy Perry 's and had higher average viewership than the game itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Rehearsals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Fashion </Li> <Li> 3.4 Multimedia </Li> <Li> 3.5 Drones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Set list </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> NRG Stadium , where the Super Bowl LI and the halftime show took place <P> The halftime show started on the roof of NRG Stadium . Gaga started singing `` God Bless America '' as drones swarm behind her emitting red , blue and white color . She then sang Woody Guthrie 's `` This Land Is Your Land '' , followed by the ending of the Pledge of Allegiance : `` One nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all '' . Gaga then dove from the rooftop as the drones behind formed the design of the US flag . The singer came down and stood on a tall pillar across the stage , and started singing `` Poker Face '' as fireworks emitted behind her . After the first verse and chorus , Gaga , who was attached to a harness , bounced from the pillar to the main stage , and was joined by her dancers to sing `` Born This Way '' , including the track 's intermediate spoken verse . </P> <P> As the performance ended , Gaga headed towards one corner of the stage inside a star shaped structure , and sang `` Telephone '' . She was carried by a dancer to the main stage where she held a keytar and sang `` Just Dance '' . The singer proceeded to the grounds from the stage as the song completed . She reached a podium with a piano , and started singing `` Million Reasons '' . The audience present on the field drifted off in different directions holding the light sticks in their hands . Continuing the song , she came down from the stage and hugged members of the audience . For the finale of `` Bad Romance '' a team of white - clad dancers strutted across the main stage . Gaga joined them wearing a football inspired costume and performed the track . As fireworks erupted heralding the end of the show , Gaga reached the edge of the stage , shouted `` Super Bowl 51 '' , dropped her microphone , and jumped off stage catching a football . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Gaga after performing the US national anthem at the Super Bowl 50 on February 7 , 2016 <P> Around August 2016 , media started reporting that singer Adele was in discussion with the National Football League ( NFL ) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show , to be held on February 5 , 2017 , at Houston 's NRG Stadium ; the show was sponsored by Pepsi Zero Sugar . A representative from the NFL said that `` organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up '' . During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles , Adele clarified that although she had been offered to perform by the NFL , she had declined since she did not believe herself to be suitable for the halftime show . The NFL also explained that they had not signed any musician till then and were still in discussion with several artists . </P> <P> In the meantime , singer Lady Gaga had announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album , Joanne , in October 2016 . Billboard reported that the NFL was discussing with the singer , based on her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl . On September 29 , 2016 , Gaga finally confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show . Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show , John Entz , confirmed Gaga 's involvement adding `` ( She ) is one of the most electric performers of our generation , and we could n't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show ... It is going to be an incredible night . '' </P> <P> According to Emma Quigley , Pepsi 's North American head of music , and Justin Toman , Pepsi sports marketing director , choosing Gaga to headline the show made sense based on her previous output and musical endeavors . They considered various parameters -- social media followers , record sales , trending topic -- and then shortlisted her . Toman also took into account the total time it usually takes for the show -- seven minutes for set up , 12 minutes for the main show , and another seven minutes to dismantle -- and believed the singer could deliver `` power , punch , performance , singing , lights '' within that time frame . Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth - consecutive year . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception ( edit ) </H3> A long shot view of the stage during the performance of `` Just Dance '' in the halftime show <P> In October 2016 , Gaga told Entertainment Weekly she wanted to give `` the best show for the football fans , the ones that are watching at home '' . Although indecisive about the set list , the singer wanted to play a mixture of her past and recent songs . She also confirmed that the NFL had heard Joanne before its release , and decided to offer the halftime performance slot . Inspiration came from previous halftime show performances by Michael Jackson , Diana Ross , and Bruce Springsteen , with Gaga remarking that she loved `` all the ( past shows ) '' . In December 2016 , Gaga launched the `` Guest of Honor '' contest along with Pepsi and the NFL , which would enable her fans to win an o\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang at the super bowl 2017 half time show\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lady Gaga" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1804, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang at the super bowl 2017 half time show\n\nDocument:\n> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 50 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5 , 2017 , at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas as part of Super Bowl LI . The show was headlined by Lady Gaga , who performed a medley of her songs , including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne . </P> <P> Gaga 's performance was critically acclaimed , with media outlets praising the show for demonstrating her artistic and musical qualities , and some arguing that it ranked among the top Super Bowl halftime performances in history . The show was also noted for its acknowledgment of the LGBT community , the use of a swarm of lighting - equipped drones for a pre-recorded intro scene , and its perceived political undertones . With 117.5 million television viewers , the Super Bowl LI halftime show was the second most - watched Super Bowl halftime show behind Katy Perry 's and had higher average viewership than the game itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Rehearsals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Fashion </Li> <Li> 3.4 Multimedia </Li> <Li> 3.5 Drones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Set list </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> NRG Stadium , where the Super Bowl LI and the halftime show took place <P> The halftime show started on the roof of NRG Stadium . Gaga started singing `` God Bless America '' as drones swarm behind her emitting red , blue and white color . She then sang Woody Guthrie 's `` This Land Is Your Land '' , followed by the ending of the Pledge of Allegiance : `` One nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all '' . Gaga then dove from the rooftop as the drones behind formed the design of the US flag . The singer came down and stood on a tall pillar across the stage , and started singing `` Poker Face '' as fireworks emitted behind her . After the first verse and chorus , Gaga , who was attached to a harness , bounced from the pillar to the main stage , and was joined by her dancers to sing `` Born This Way '' , including the track 's intermediate spoken verse . </P> <P> As the performance ended , Gaga headed towards one corner of the stage inside a star shaped structure , and sang `` Telephone '' . She was carried by a dancer to the main stage where she held a keytar and sang `` Just Dance '' . The singer proceeded to the grounds from the stage as the song completed . She reached a podium with a piano , and started singing `` Million Reasons '' . The audience present on the field drifted off in different directions holding the light sticks in their hands . Continuing the song , she came down from the stage and hugged members of the audience . For the finale of `` Bad Romance '' a team of white - clad dancers strutted across the main stage . Gaga joined them wearing a football inspired costume and performed the track . As fireworks erupted heralding the end of the show , Gaga reached the edge of the stage , shouted `` Super Bowl 51 '' , dropped her microphone , and jumped off stage catching a football . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Gaga after performing the US national anthem at the Super Bowl 50 on February 7 , 2016 <P> Around August 2016 , media started reporting that singer Adele was in discussion with the National Football League ( NFL ) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show , to be held on February 5 , 2017 , at Houston 's NRG Stadium ; the show was sponsored by Pepsi Zero Sugar . A representative from the NFL said that `` organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up '' . During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles , Adele clarified that although she had been offered to perform by the NFL , she had declined since she did not believe herself to be suitable for the halftime show . The NFL also explained that they had not signed any musician till then and were still in discussion with several artists . </P> <P> In the meantime , singer Lady Gaga had announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album , Joanne , in October 2016 . Billboard reported that the NFL was discussing with the singer , based on her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl . On September 29 , 2016 , Gaga finally confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show . Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show , John Entz , confirmed Gaga 's involvement adding `` ( She ) is one of the most electric performers of our generation , and we could n't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show ... It is going to be an incredible night . '' </P> <P> According to Emma Quigley , Pepsi 's North American head of music , and Justin Toman , Pepsi sports marketing director , choosing Gaga to headline the show made sense based on her previous output and musical endeavors . They considered various parameters -- social media followers , record sales , trending topic -- and then shortlisted her . Toman also took into account the total time it usually takes for the show -- seven minutes for set up , 12 minutes for the main show , and another seven minutes to dismantle -- and believed the singer could deliver `` power , punch , performance , singing , lights '' within that time frame . Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth - consecutive year . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception ( edit ) </H3> A long shot view of the stage during the performance of `` Just Dance '' in the halftime show <P> In October 2016 , Gaga told Entertainment Weekly she wanted to give `` the best show for the football fans , the ones that are watching at home '' . Although indecisive about the set list , the singer wanted to play a mixture of her past and recent songs . She also confirmed that the NFL had heard Joanne before its release , and decided to offer the halftime performance slot . Inspiration came from previous halftime show performances by Michael Jackson , Diana Ross , and Bruce Springsteen , with Gaga remarking that she loved `` all the ( past shows ) '' . In December 2016 , Gaga launched the `` Guest of Honor '' contest along with Pepsi and the NFL , which would enable her fans to win an o\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lady Gaga" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show - wikipedia <H1> Super Bowl LI halftime show </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Super Bowl LI halftime show <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Houston , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> NRG Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headliner </Th> <Td> Lady Gaga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsor </Th> <Td> Pepsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Hamish Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Ricky Kirshner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Super Bowl halftime show chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 50 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5 , 2017 , at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas as part of Super Bowl LI . The show was headlined by Lady Gaga , who performed a medley of her songs , including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne . </P> <P> Gaga 's performance was critically acclaimed , with media outlets praising the show for demonstrating her artistic and musical qualities , and some arguing that it ranked among the top Super Bowl halftime performances in history . The show was also noted for its acknowledgment of the LGBT community , the use of a swarm of lighting - equipped drones for a pre-recorded intro scene , and its perceived political undertones . With 117.5 million television viewers , the Super Bowl LI halftime show was the second most - watched Super Bowl halftime show behind Katy Perry 's and had higher average viewership than the game itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Rehearsals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Fashion </Li> <Li> 3.4 Multimedia </Li> <Li> 3.5 Drones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Set list </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> NRG Stadium , where the Super Bowl LI and the halftime show took place <P> The halftime show started on the roof of NRG Stadium . Gaga started singing `` God Bless America '' as drones swarm behind her emitting red , blue and white color . She then sang Woody Guthrie 's `` This Land Is Your Land '' , followed by the ending of the Pledge of Allegiance : `` One nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all '' . Gaga then dove from the rooftop as the drones behind formed the design of the US flag . The singer came down and stood on a tall pillar across the stage , and started singing `` Poker Face '' as fireworks emitted behind her . After the first verse and chorus , Gaga , who was attached to a harness , bounced from the pillar to the main stage , and was joined by her dancers to sing `` Born This Way '' , including the track 's intermediate spoken verse . </P> <P> As the performance ended , Gaga headed towards one corner of the stage inside a star shaped structure , and sang `` Telephone '' . She was carried by a dancer to the main stage where she held a keytar and sang `` Just Dance '' . The singer proceeded to the grounds from the stage as the song completed . She reached a podium with a piano , and started singing `` Million Reasons '' . The audience present on the field drifted off in different directions holding the light sticks in their hands . Continuing the song , she came down from the stage and hugged members of the audience . For the finale of `` Bad Romance '' a team of white - clad dancers strutted across the main stage . Gaga joined them wearing a football inspired costume and performed the track . As fireworks erupted heralding the end of the show , Gaga reached the edge of the stage , shouted `` Super Bowl 51 '' , dropped her microphone , and jumped off stage catching a football . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Gaga after performing the US national anthem at the Super Bowl 50 on February 7 , 2016 <P> Around August 2016 , media started reporting that singer Adele was in discussion with the National Football League ( NFL ) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show , to be held on February 5 , 2017 , at Houston 's NRG Stadium ; the show was sponsored by Pepsi Zero Sugar . A representative from the NFL said that `` organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up '' . During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles , Adele clarified that although she had been offered to perform by the NFL , she had declined since she did not believe herself to be suitable for the halftime show . The NFL also explained that they had not signed any musician till then and were still in discussion with several artists . </P> <P> In the meantime , singer Lady Gaga had announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album , Joanne , in October 2016 . Billboard reported that the NFL was discussing with the singer , based on her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl . On September 29 , 2016 , Gaga finally confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show . Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show , John Entz , confirmed Gaga 's involvement adding `` ( She ) is one of the most electric performers of our generation , and we could n't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show ... It is going to be an incredible night . '' </P> <P> According to Emma Quigley , Pepsi 's North American head of music , and Justin Toman , Pepsi sports marketing director , choosing Gaga to headline the show made sense based on her previous output and musical endeavors . They considered various parameters -- social media followers , record sales , trending topic -- and then shortlisted her . Toman also took into account the total time it usually takes for the show -- seven minutes for set up , 12 minutes for the main show , and another seven minutes to dismantle -- and believed the singer could deliver `` power , punch , performance , singing , lights '' within that time frame . Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth - consecutive year . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception ( edit ) </H3> A long shot view of the stage during the performance of `` Just Dance '' in the halftime show <P> In October 2016 , Gaga told Entertainment Weekly she wanted to give `` \n\nQuestion:\nwho sang at the super bowl 2017 half time show\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lady Gaga" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang at the super bowl 2017 half time show\n\nDocument:\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show - wikipedia <H1> Super Bowl LI halftime show </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Super Bowl LI halftime show <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Houston , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> NRG Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headliner </Th> <Td> Lady Gaga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsor </Th> <Td> Pepsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Hamish Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Ricky Kirshner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Super Bowl halftime show chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 50 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5 , 2017 , at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas as part of Super Bowl LI . The show was headlined by Lady Gaga , who performed a medley of her songs , including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne . </P> <P> Gaga 's performance was critically acclaimed , with media outlets praising the show for demonstrating her artistic and musical qualities , and some arguing that it ranked among the top Super Bowl halftime performances in history . The show was also noted for its acknowledgment of the LGBT community , the use of a swarm of lighting - equipped drones for a pre-recorded intro scene , and its perceived political undertones . With 117.5 million television viewers , the Super Bowl LI halftime show was the second most - watched Super Bowl halftime show behind Katy Perry 's and had higher average viewership than the game itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Rehearsals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Fashion </Li> <Li> 3.4 Multimedia </Li> <Li> 3.5 Drones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Set list </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> NRG Stadium , where the Super Bowl LI and the halftime show took place <P> The halftime show started on the roof of NRG Stadium . Gaga started singing `` God Bless America '' as drones swarm behind her emitting red , blue and white color . She then sang Woody Guthrie 's `` This Land Is Your Land '' , followed by the ending of the Pledge of Allegiance : `` One nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all '' . Gaga then dove from the rooftop as the drones behind formed the design of the US flag . The singer came down and stood on a tall pillar across the stage , and started singing `` Poker Face '' as fireworks emitted behind her . After the first verse and chorus , Gaga , who was attached to a harness , bounced from the pillar to the main stage , and was joined by her dancers to sing `` Born This Way '' , including the track 's intermediate spoken verse . </P> <P> As the performance ended , Gaga headed towards one corner of the stage inside a star shaped structure , and sang `` Telephone '' . She was carried by a dancer to the main stage where she held a keytar and sang `` Just Dance '' . The singer proceeded to the grounds from the stage as the song completed . She reached a podium with a piano , and started singing `` Million Reasons '' . The audience present on the field drifted off in different directions holding the light sticks in their hands . Continuing the song , she came down from the stage and hugged members of the audience . For the finale of `` Bad Romance '' a team of white - clad dancers strutted across the main stage . Gaga joined them wearing a football inspired costume and performed the track . As fireworks erupted heralding the end of the show , Gaga reached the edge of the stage , shouted `` Super Bowl 51 '' , dropped her microphone , and jumped off stage catching a football . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Gaga after performing the US national anthem at the Super Bowl 50 on February 7 , 2016 <P> Around August 2016 , media started reporting that singer Adele was in discussion with the National Football League ( NFL ) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show , to be held on February 5 , 2017 , at Houston 's NRG Stadium ; the show was sponsored by Pepsi Zero Sugar . A representative from the NFL said that `` organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up '' . During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles , Adele clarified that although she had been offered to perform by the NFL , she had declined since she did not believe herself to be suitable for the halftime show . The NFL also explained that they had not signed any musician till then and were still in discussion with several artists . </P> <P> In the meantime , singer Lady Gaga had announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album , Joanne , in October 2016 . Billboard reported that the NFL was discussing with the singer , based on her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl . On September 29 , 2016 , Gaga finally confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show . Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show , John Entz , confirmed Gaga 's involvement adding `` ( She ) is one of the most electric performers of our generation , and we could n't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show ... It is going to be an incredible night . '' </P> <P> According to Emma Quigley , Pepsi 's North American head of music , and Justin Toman , Pepsi sports marketing director , choosing Gaga to headline the show made sense based on her previous output and musical endeavors . They considered various parameters -- social media followers , record sales , trending topic -- and then shortlisted her . Toman also took into account the total time it usually takes for the show -- seven minutes for set up , 12 minutes for the main show , and another seven minutes to dismantle -- and believed the singer could deliver `` power , punch , performance , singing , lights '' within that time frame . Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth - consecutive year . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception ( edit ) </H3> A long shot view of the stage during the performance of `` Just Dance '' in the halftime show <P> In October 2016 , Gaga told Entertainment Weekly she wanted to give `` \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lady Gaga" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show - wikipedia <H1> Super Bowl LI halftime show </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Super Bowl LI halftime show <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Houston , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> NRG Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headliner </Th> <Td> Lady Gaga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsor </Th> <Td> Pepsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Hamish Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Ricky Kirshner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Super Bowl halftime show chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 50 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5 , 2017 , at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas as part of Super Bowl LI . The show was headlined by Lady Gaga , who performed a medley of her songs , including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne . </P> <P> Gaga 's performance was critically acclaimed , with media outlets praising the show for demonstrating her artistic and musical qualities , and some arguing that it ranked among the top Super Bowl halftime performances in history . The show was also noted for its acknowledgment of the LGBT community , the use of a swarm of lighting - equipped drones for a pre-recorded intro scene , and its perceived political undertones . With 117.5 million television viewers , the Super Bowl LI halftime show was the second most - watched Super Bowl halftime show behind Katy Perry 's and had higher average viewership than the game itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Rehearsals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Fashion </Li> <Li> 3.4 Multimedia </Li> <Li> 3.5 Drones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Set list </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> NRG Stadium , where the Super Bowl LI and the halftime show took place <P> The halftime show started on the roof of NRG Stadium . Gaga started singing `` God Bless America '' as drones swarm behind her emitting red , blue and white color . She then sang Woody Guthrie 's `` This Land Is Your Land '' , followed by the ending of the Pledge of Allegiance : `` One nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all '' . Gaga then dove from the rooftop as the drones behind formed the design of the US flag . The singer came down and stood on a tall pillar across the stage , and started singing `` Poker Face '' as fireworks emitted behind her . After the first verse and chorus , Gaga , who was attached to a harness , bounced from the pillar to the main stage , and was joined by her dancers to sing `` Born This Way '' , including the track 's intermediate spoken verse . </P> <P> As the performance ended , Gaga headed towards one corner of the stage inside a star shaped structure , and sang `` Telephone '' . She was carried by a dancer to the main stage where she held a keytar and sang `` Just Dance '' . The singer proceeded to the grounds from the stage as the song completed . She reached a podium with a piano , and started singing `` Million Reasons '' . The audience present on the field drifted off in different directions holding the light sticks in their hands . Continuing the song , she came down from the stage and hugged members of the audience . For the finale of `` Bad Romance '' a team of white - clad dancers strutted across the main stage . Gaga joined them wearing a football inspired costume and performed the track . As fireworks erupted heralding the end of the show , Gaga reached the edge of the stage , shouted `` Super Bowl 51 '' , dropped her microphone , and jumped off stage catching a football . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Gaga after performing the US national anthem at the Super Bowl 50 on February 7 , 2016 <P> Around August 2016 , media started reporting that singer Adele was in discussion with the National Football League ( NFL ) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show , to be held on February 5 , 2017 , at Houston 's NRG Stadium ; the show was sponsored by Pepsi Zero Sugar . A representative from the NFL said that `` organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up '' . During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles , Adele clarified that although she had been offered to perform by the NFL , she had declined since she did not believe herself to be suitable for the halftime show . The NFL also explained that they had not signed any musician till then and were still in discussion with several artists . </P> <P> In the meantime , singer Lady Gaga had announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album , Joanne , in October 2016 . Billboard reported that the NFL was discussing with the singer , based on her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl . On September 29 , 2016 , Gaga finally confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show . Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show , John Entz , confirmed Gaga 's involvement adding `` ( She ) is one of the most electric performers of our generation , and we could n't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show ... It is going to be an incredible night . '' </P> <P> According to Emma Quigley , Pepsi 's North American head of music , and Justin Toman , Pepsi sports marketing director , choosing Gaga to headline the show made sense based on her previous output and musical endeavors . They considered various parameters -- social media followers , record sales , trending topic -- and then shortlisted her . Toman also took into account the total time it usually takes for the show -- seven minutes for set up , 12 minutes for the main show , and another seven minutes to dismantle -- and believed the singer could deliver `` power , punch , performance , singing , lights '' within that time frame . Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth - consecutive year . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception ( edit ) </H3> A long shot view of the stage during the performance of `` Just Dance '' in the halftime show <P> In October 2016 , Gaga told Entertainment Weekly she wanted to give `` \n\nQuestion:\nwho sang at the super bowl 2017 half time show\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lady Gaga" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho sang at the super bowl 2017 half time show\n\nDocument:\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show - wikipedia <H1> Super Bowl LI halftime show </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Super Bowl LI halftime show <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 5 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Houston , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> NRG Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headliner </Th> <Td> Lady Gaga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsor </Th> <Td> Pepsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Hamish Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Ricky Kirshner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Super Bowl halftime show chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> 50 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5 , 2017 , at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas as part of Super Bowl LI . The show was headlined by Lady Gaga , who performed a medley of her songs , including newer material from her most recent studio album Joanne . </P> <P> Gaga 's performance was critically acclaimed , with media outlets praising the show for demonstrating her artistic and musical qualities , and some arguing that it ranked among the top Super Bowl halftime performances in history . The show was also noted for its acknowledgment of the LGBT community , the use of a swarm of lighting - equipped drones for a pre-recorded intro scene , and its perceived political undertones . With 117.5 million television viewers , the Super Bowl LI halftime show was the second most - watched Super Bowl halftime show behind Katy Perry 's and had higher average viewership than the game itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Conception </Li> <Li> 3.2 Rehearsals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Fashion </Li> <Li> 3.4 Multimedia </Li> <Li> 3.5 Drones </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Set list </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> NRG Stadium , where the Super Bowl LI and the halftime show took place <P> The halftime show started on the roof of NRG Stadium . Gaga started singing `` God Bless America '' as drones swarm behind her emitting red , blue and white color . She then sang Woody Guthrie 's `` This Land Is Your Land '' , followed by the ending of the Pledge of Allegiance : `` One nation under God , indivisible , with liberty and justice for all '' . Gaga then dove from the rooftop as the drones behind formed the design of the US flag . The singer came down and stood on a tall pillar across the stage , and started singing `` Poker Face '' as fireworks emitted behind her . After the first verse and chorus , Gaga , who was attached to a harness , bounced from the pillar to the main stage , and was joined by her dancers to sing `` Born This Way '' , including the track 's intermediate spoken verse . </P> <P> As the performance ended , Gaga headed towards one corner of the stage inside a star shaped structure , and sang `` Telephone '' . She was carried by a dancer to the main stage where she held a keytar and sang `` Just Dance '' . The singer proceeded to the grounds from the stage as the song completed . She reached a podium with a piano , and started singing `` Million Reasons '' . The audience present on the field drifted off in different directions holding the light sticks in their hands . Continuing the song , she came down from the stage and hugged members of the audience . For the finale of `` Bad Romance '' a team of white - clad dancers strutted across the main stage . Gaga joined them wearing a football inspired costume and performed the track . As fireworks erupted heralding the end of the show , Gaga reached the edge of the stage , shouted `` Super Bowl 51 '' , dropped her microphone , and jumped off stage catching a football . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Gaga after performing the US national anthem at the Super Bowl 50 on February 7 , 2016 <P> Around August 2016 , media started reporting that singer Adele was in discussion with the National Football League ( NFL ) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show , to be held on February 5 , 2017 , at Houston 's NRG Stadium ; the show was sponsored by Pepsi Zero Sugar . A representative from the NFL said that `` organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up '' . During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles , Adele clarified that although she had been offered to perform by the NFL , she had declined since she did not believe herself to be suitable for the halftime show . The NFL also explained that they had not signed any musician till then and were still in discussion with several artists . </P> <P> In the meantime , singer Lady Gaga had announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album , Joanne , in October 2016 . Billboard reported that the NFL was discussing with the singer , based on her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl . On September 29 , 2016 , Gaga finally confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show . Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show , John Entz , confirmed Gaga 's involvement adding `` ( She ) is one of the most electric performers of our generation , and we could n't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show ... It is going to be an incredible night . '' </P> <P> According to Emma Quigley , Pepsi 's North American head of music , and Justin Toman , Pepsi sports marketing director , choosing Gaga to headline the show made sense based on her previous output and musical endeavors . They considered various parameters -- social media followers , record sales , trending topic -- and then shortlisted her . Toman also took into account the total time it usually takes for the show -- seven minutes for set up , 12 minutes for the main show , and another seven minutes to dismantle -- and believed the singer could deliver `` power , punch , performance , singing , lights '' within that time frame . Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth - consecutive year . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception ( edit ) </H3> A long shot view of the stage during the performance of `` Just Dance '' in the halftime show <P> In October 2016 , Gaga told Entertainment Weekly she wanted to give `` \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Lady Gaga" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1757, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ns a formula of C H O . <P> A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon ( C ) , hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen -- oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ) ; in other words , with the empirical formula C ( H O ) ( where m could be different from n ) . This formula holds true for monosaccharides . Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula C H O. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . </P> <P> The term is most common in biochemistry , where it is a synonym of ' saccharide ' , a group that includes sugars , starch , and cellulose . The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups : monosaccharides , disaccharides , oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides and disaccharides , the smallest ( lower molecular weight ) carbohydrates , are commonly referred to as sugars . The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον ( sákkharon ) , meaning `` sugar '' . While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex , the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix - ose . For example , grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose , cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose , and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose . </P> <P> Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms . Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy ( e.g. starch and glycogen ) and as structural components ( e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods ) . The 5 - carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes ( e.g. ATP , FAD and NAD ) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA . The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA . Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system , fertilization , preventing pathogenesis , blood clotting , and development . </P> <P> In food science and in many informal contexts , the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals , bread and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates , such as sugar ( found in candy , jams , and desserts ) . </P> <P> Often in lists of nutritional information , such as the USDA National Nutrient Database , the term `` carbohydrate '' ( or `` carbohydrate by difference '' ) is used for everything other than water , protein , fat , ash , and ethanol . This will include chemical compounds such as acetic or lactic acid , which are not normally considered carbohydrates . It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute much in the way of food energy ( calories ) , even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it were a sugar . </P> <P> Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods . The important sources are cereals ( wheat , maize , rice ) , potatoes , sugarcane , fruits , table sugar ( sucrose ) , bread , milk , etc . Starch and sugar are the important carbohydrates in our diet . Starch is abundant in potatoes , maize , rice and other cereals . Sugar appears in our diet mainly as sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam , biscuits and cakes , and glucose and fructose which occur naturally in many fruits and some vegetables . </P> <P> Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles ( as animal source ) . Cellulose in the cell wall of all plant tissue is a carbohydrate . It is important in our diet as fibre which helps to maintain a healthy digestive system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division </Li> <Li> 3 Monosaccharides <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification of monosaccharides </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ring - straight chain isomerism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Use in living organisms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Disaccharides </Li> <Li> 5 Nutrition <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Metabolism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Catabolism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Carbohydrate chemistry </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly the name `` carbohydrate '' was used in chemistry for any compound with the formula C ( H O ) . Following this definition , some chemists considered formaldehyde ( CH O ) to be the simplest carbohydrate , while others claimed that title for glycolaldehyde . Today , the term is generally understood in the biochemistry sense , which excludes compounds with only one or two carbons and includes many biological carbohydrates which deviate from this formula . For example , while the above representative formulas would seem to capture the commonly known carbohydrates , ubiquitous and abundant carbohydrates often deviate from this . For example , carbohydrates often display chemical groups such as : N - acetyl ( e.g. chitin ) , sulphate ( e.g. glycosaminoglycans ) , carboxylic acid ( e.g. sialic acid ) and deoxy modifications ( e.g. fucose and sialic acid ) . </P> <P> Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH O ) where n is three or more . A typical monosaccharide has the structure H -- ( CHOH ) ( C = O ) -- ( CHOH ) -- H , that is , an aldehyde or ketone with many hydroxyl groups added , usually one on each carbon atom that is not part of the aldehyde or ketone functional group . Examples of monosaccharides are glucose , fructose , and glyceraldehydes . However , some biological substances commonly called `` monosacchar\n\nQuestion:\nlist by symbol the types of atoms that can be found in carbohydrates\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "oxygen ( O )" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1757, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nlist by symbol the types of atoms that can be found in carbohydrates\n\nDocument:\ns a formula of C H O . <P> A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon ( C ) , hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen -- oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ) ; in other words , with the empirical formula C ( H O ) ( where m could be different from n ) . This formula holds true for monosaccharides . Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula C H O. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . </P> <P> The term is most common in biochemistry , where it is a synonym of ' saccharide ' , a group that includes sugars , starch , and cellulose . The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups : monosaccharides , disaccharides , oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides and disaccharides , the smallest ( lower molecular weight ) carbohydrates , are commonly referred to as sugars . The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον ( sákkharon ) , meaning `` sugar '' . While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex , the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix - ose . For example , grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose , cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose , and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose . </P> <P> Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms . Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy ( e.g. starch and glycogen ) and as structural components ( e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods ) . The 5 - carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes ( e.g. ATP , FAD and NAD ) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA . The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA . Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system , fertilization , preventing pathogenesis , blood clotting , and development . </P> <P> In food science and in many informal contexts , the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals , bread and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates , such as sugar ( found in candy , jams , and desserts ) . </P> <P> Often in lists of nutritional information , such as the USDA National Nutrient Database , the term `` carbohydrate '' ( or `` carbohydrate by difference '' ) is used for everything other than water , protein , fat , ash , and ethanol . This will include chemical compounds such as acetic or lactic acid , which are not normally considered carbohydrates . It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute much in the way of food energy ( calories ) , even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it were a sugar . </P> <P> Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods . The important sources are cereals ( wheat , maize , rice ) , potatoes , sugarcane , fruits , table sugar ( sucrose ) , bread , milk , etc . Starch and sugar are the important carbohydrates in our diet . Starch is abundant in potatoes , maize , rice and other cereals . Sugar appears in our diet mainly as sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam , biscuits and cakes , and glucose and fructose which occur naturally in many fruits and some vegetables . </P> <P> Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles ( as animal source ) . Cellulose in the cell wall of all plant tissue is a carbohydrate . It is important in our diet as fibre which helps to maintain a healthy digestive system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division </Li> <Li> 3 Monosaccharides <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification of monosaccharides </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ring - straight chain isomerism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Use in living organisms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Disaccharides </Li> <Li> 5 Nutrition <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Metabolism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Catabolism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Carbohydrate chemistry </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly the name `` carbohydrate '' was used in chemistry for any compound with the formula C ( H O ) . Following this definition , some chemists considered formaldehyde ( CH O ) to be the simplest carbohydrate , while others claimed that title for glycolaldehyde . Today , the term is generally understood in the biochemistry sense , which excludes compounds with only one or two carbons and includes many biological carbohydrates which deviate from this formula . For example , while the above representative formulas would seem to capture the commonly known carbohydrates , ubiquitous and abundant carbohydrates often deviate from this . For example , carbohydrates often display chemical groups such as : N - acetyl ( e.g. chitin ) , sulphate ( e.g. glycosaminoglycans ) , carboxylic acid ( e.g. sialic acid ) and deoxy modifications ( e.g. fucose and sialic acid ) . </P> <P> Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH O ) where n is three or more . A typical monosaccharide has the structure H -- ( CHOH ) ( C = O ) -- ( CHOH ) -- H , that is , an aldehyde or ketone with many hydroxyl groups added , usually one on each carbon atom that is not part of the aldehyde or ketone functional group . Examples of monosaccharides are glucose , fructose , and glyceraldehydes . However , some biological substances commonly called `` monosacchar\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "oxygen ( O )" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1773, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nCarbohydrate - wikipedia <H1> Carbohydrate </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 9 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk . It consists of a molecule of D - galactose and a molecule of D - glucose bonded by beta - 1 - 4 glycosidic linkage . It has a formula of C H O . <P> A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon ( C ) , hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen -- oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ) ; in other words , with the empirical formula C ( H O ) ( where m could be different from n ) . This formula holds true for monosaccharides . Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula C H O. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . </P> <P> The term is most common in biochemistry , where it is a synonym of ' saccharide ' , a group that includes sugars , starch , and cellulose . The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups : monosaccharides , disaccharides , oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides and disaccharides , the smallest ( lower molecular weight ) carbohydrates , are commonly referred to as sugars . The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον ( sákkharon ) , meaning `` sugar '' . While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex , the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix - ose . For example , grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose , cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose , and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose . </P> <P> Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms . Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy ( e.g. starch and glycogen ) and as structural components ( e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods ) . The 5 - carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes ( e.g. ATP , FAD and NAD ) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA . The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA . Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system , fertilization , preventing pathogenesis , blood clotting , and development . </P> <P> In food science and in many informal contexts , the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals , bread and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates , such as sugar ( found in candy , jams , and desserts ) . </P> <P> Often in lists of nutritional information , such as the USDA National Nutrient Database , the term `` carbohydrate '' ( or `` carbohydrate by difference '' ) is used for everything other than water , protein , fat , ash , and ethanol . This will include chemical compounds such as acetic or lactic acid , which are not normally considered carbohydrates . It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute much in the way of food energy ( calories ) , even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it were a sugar . </P> <P> Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods . The important sources are cereals ( wheat , maize , rice ) , potatoes , sugarcane , fruits , table sugar ( sucrose ) , bread , milk , etc . Starch and sugar are the important carbohydrates in our diet . Starch is abundant in potatoes , maize , rice and other cereals . Sugar appears in our diet mainly as sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam , biscuits and cakes , and glucose and fructose which occur naturally in many fruits and some vegetables . </P> <P> Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles ( as animal source ) . Cellulose in the cell wall of all plant tissue is a carbohydrate . It is important in our diet as fibre which helps to maintain a healthy digestive system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division </Li> <Li> 3 Monosaccharides <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification of monosaccharides </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ring - straight chain isomerism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Use in living organisms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Disaccharides </Li> <Li> 5 Nutrition <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Metabolism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Catabolism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Carbohydrate chemistry </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly the name `` carbohydrate '' was used in chemistry for any compound with the formula C ( H O ) . Following this definition , some chemists considered formaldehyde ( CH O ) to be the simplest carbohydrate , while others claimed that title for glycolaldehyde . Today , the term is generally understood in the biochemistry sense , which excludes compounds with only one or two carbons and includes many biological carbohydrates which deviate from this formula . For example , while the above representative formulas would seem to capture the commonly known carbohydrates , ubiquitous and abundant carbohydrates often deviate from this . For example , carbohydrates often display chemical groups such as : N - acetyl ( e.g. chitin ) , sulphate ( e.g. glycosaminoglycans ) , carboxylic acid ( e.g. sialic acid ) and deoxy modifications ( e.g. fucose and sialic acid ) . </P> <P> Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH O ) where n is three or more . A typical monosaccharide has the structure H -- ( CHOH ) ( C = O ) -- \n\nQuestion:\nlist by symbol the types of atoms that can be found in carbohydrates\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "oxygen ( O )" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1773, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nlist by symbol the types of atoms that can be found in carbohydrates\n\nDocument:\nCarbohydrate - wikipedia <H1> Carbohydrate </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 9 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk . It consists of a molecule of D - galactose and a molecule of D - glucose bonded by beta - 1 - 4 glycosidic linkage . It has a formula of C H O . <P> A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon ( C ) , hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen -- oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ) ; in other words , with the empirical formula C ( H O ) ( where m could be different from n ) . This formula holds true for monosaccharides . Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula C H O. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . </P> <P> The term is most common in biochemistry , where it is a synonym of ' saccharide ' , a group that includes sugars , starch , and cellulose . The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups : monosaccharides , disaccharides , oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides and disaccharides , the smallest ( lower molecular weight ) carbohydrates , are commonly referred to as sugars . The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον ( sákkharon ) , meaning `` sugar '' . While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex , the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix - ose . For example , grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose , cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose , and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose . </P> <P> Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms . Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy ( e.g. starch and glycogen ) and as structural components ( e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods ) . The 5 - carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes ( e.g. ATP , FAD and NAD ) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA . The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA . Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system , fertilization , preventing pathogenesis , blood clotting , and development . </P> <P> In food science and in many informal contexts , the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals , bread and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates , such as sugar ( found in candy , jams , and desserts ) . </P> <P> Often in lists of nutritional information , such as the USDA National Nutrient Database , the term `` carbohydrate '' ( or `` carbohydrate by difference '' ) is used for everything other than water , protein , fat , ash , and ethanol . This will include chemical compounds such as acetic or lactic acid , which are not normally considered carbohydrates . It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute much in the way of food energy ( calories ) , even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it were a sugar . </P> <P> Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods . The important sources are cereals ( wheat , maize , rice ) , potatoes , sugarcane , fruits , table sugar ( sucrose ) , bread , milk , etc . Starch and sugar are the important carbohydrates in our diet . Starch is abundant in potatoes , maize , rice and other cereals . Sugar appears in our diet mainly as sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam , biscuits and cakes , and glucose and fructose which occur naturally in many fruits and some vegetables . </P> <P> Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles ( as animal source ) . Cellulose in the cell wall of all plant tissue is a carbohydrate . It is important in our diet as fibre which helps to maintain a healthy digestive system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division </Li> <Li> 3 Monosaccharides <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification of monosaccharides </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ring - straight chain isomerism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Use in living organisms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Disaccharides </Li> <Li> 5 Nutrition <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Metabolism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Catabolism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Carbohydrate chemistry </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly the name `` carbohydrate '' was used in chemistry for any compound with the formula C ( H O ) . Following this definition , some chemists considered formaldehyde ( CH O ) to be the simplest carbohydrate , while others claimed that title for glycolaldehyde . Today , the term is generally understood in the biochemistry sense , which excludes compounds with only one or two carbons and includes many biological carbohydrates which deviate from this formula . For example , while the above representative formulas would seem to capture the commonly known carbohydrates , ubiquitous and abundant carbohydrates often deviate from this . For example , carbohydrates often display chemical groups such as : N - acetyl ( e.g. chitin ) , sulphate ( e.g. glycosaminoglycans ) , carboxylic acid ( e.g. sialic acid ) and deoxy modifications ( e.g. fucose and sialic acid ) . </P> <P> Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH O ) where n is three or more . A typical monosaccharide has the structure H -- ( CHOH ) ( C = O ) -- \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "oxygen ( O )" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1773, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nCarbohydrate - wikipedia <H1> Carbohydrate </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 9 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk . It consists of a molecule of D - galactose and a molecule of D - glucose bonded by beta - 1 - 4 glycosidic linkage . It has a formula of C H O . <P> A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon ( C ) , hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen -- oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ) ; in other words , with the empirical formula C ( H O ) ( where m could be different from n ) . This formula holds true for monosaccharides . Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula C H O. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . </P> <P> The term is most common in biochemistry , where it is a synonym of ' saccharide ' , a group that includes sugars , starch , and cellulose . The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups : monosaccharides , disaccharides , oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides and disaccharides , the smallest ( lower molecular weight ) carbohydrates , are commonly referred to as sugars . The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον ( sákkharon ) , meaning `` sugar '' . While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex , the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix - ose . For example , grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose , cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose , and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose . </P> <P> Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms . Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy ( e.g. starch and glycogen ) and as structural components ( e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods ) . The 5 - carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes ( e.g. ATP , FAD and NAD ) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA . The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA . Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system , fertilization , preventing pathogenesis , blood clotting , and development . </P> <P> In food science and in many informal contexts , the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals , bread and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates , such as sugar ( found in candy , jams , and desserts ) . </P> <P> Often in lists of nutritional information , such as the USDA National Nutrient Database , the term `` carbohydrate '' ( or `` carbohydrate by difference '' ) is used for everything other than water , protein , fat , ash , and ethanol . This will include chemical compounds such as acetic or lactic acid , which are not normally considered carbohydrates . It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute much in the way of food energy ( calories ) , even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it were a sugar . </P> <P> Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods . The important sources are cereals ( wheat , maize , rice ) , potatoes , sugarcane , fruits , table sugar ( sucrose ) , bread , milk , etc . Starch and sugar are the important carbohydrates in our diet . Starch is abundant in potatoes , maize , rice and other cereals . Sugar appears in our diet mainly as sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam , biscuits and cakes , and glucose and fructose which occur naturally in many fruits and some vegetables . </P> <P> Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles ( as animal source ) . Cellulose in the cell wall of all plant tissue is a carbohydrate . It is important in our diet as fibre which helps to maintain a healthy digestive system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division </Li> <Li> 3 Monosaccharides <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification of monosaccharides </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ring - straight chain isomerism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Use in living organisms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Disaccharides </Li> <Li> 5 Nutrition <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Metabolism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Catabolism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Carbohydrate chemistry </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly the name `` carbohydrate '' was used in chemistry for any compound with the formula C ( H O ) . Following this definition , some chemists considered formaldehyde ( CH O ) to be the simplest carbohydrate , while others claimed that title for glycolaldehyde . Today , the term is generally understood in the biochemistry sense , which excludes compounds with only one or two carbons and includes many biological carbohydrates which deviate from this formula . For example , while the above representative formulas would seem to capture the commonly known carbohydrates , ubiquitous and abundant carbohydrates often deviate from this . For example , carbohydrates often display chemical groups such as : N - acetyl ( e.g. chitin ) , sulphate ( e.g. glycosaminoglycans ) , carboxylic acid ( e.g. sialic acid ) and deoxy modifications ( e.g. fucose and sialic acid ) . </P> <P> Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH O ) where n is three or more . A typical monosaccharide has the structure H -- ( CHOH ) ( C = O ) -- \n\nQuestion:\nlist by symbol the types of atoms that can be found in carbohydrates\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "oxygen ( O )" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1773, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nlist by symbol the types of atoms that can be found in carbohydrates\n\nDocument:\nCarbohydrate - wikipedia <H1> Carbohydrate </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 9 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk . It consists of a molecule of D - galactose and a molecule of D - glucose bonded by beta - 1 - 4 glycosidic linkage . It has a formula of C H O . <P> A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon ( C ) , hydrogen ( H ) and oxygen ( O ) atoms , usually with a hydrogen -- oxygen atom ratio of 2 : 1 ( as in water ) ; in other words , with the empirical formula C ( H O ) ( where m could be different from n ) . This formula holds true for monosaccharides . Some exceptions exist ; for example , deoxyribose , a sugar component of DNA , has the empirical formula C H O. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon ; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones . </P> <P> The term is most common in biochemistry , where it is a synonym of ' saccharide ' , a group that includes sugars , starch , and cellulose . The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups : monosaccharides , disaccharides , oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides . Monosaccharides and disaccharides , the smallest ( lower molecular weight ) carbohydrates , are commonly referred to as sugars . The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον ( sákkharon ) , meaning `` sugar '' . While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex , the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix - ose . For example , grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose , cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose , and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose . </P> <P> Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms . Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy ( e.g. starch and glycogen ) and as structural components ( e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods ) . The 5 - carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes ( e.g. ATP , FAD and NAD ) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA . The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA . Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system , fertilization , preventing pathogenesis , blood clotting , and development . </P> <P> In food science and in many informal contexts , the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch ( such as cereals , bread and pasta ) or simple carbohydrates , such as sugar ( found in candy , jams , and desserts ) . </P> <P> Often in lists of nutritional information , such as the USDA National Nutrient Database , the term `` carbohydrate '' ( or `` carbohydrate by difference '' ) is used for everything other than water , protein , fat , ash , and ethanol . This will include chemical compounds such as acetic or lactic acid , which are not normally considered carbohydrates . It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute much in the way of food energy ( calories ) , even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it were a sugar . </P> <P> Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods . The important sources are cereals ( wheat , maize , rice ) , potatoes , sugarcane , fruits , table sugar ( sucrose ) , bread , milk , etc . Starch and sugar are the important carbohydrates in our diet . Starch is abundant in potatoes , maize , rice and other cereals . Sugar appears in our diet mainly as sucrose ( table sugar ) , which is added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam , biscuits and cakes , and glucose and fructose which occur naturally in many fruits and some vegetables . </P> <P> Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles ( as animal source ) . Cellulose in the cell wall of all plant tissue is a carbohydrate . It is important in our diet as fibre which helps to maintain a healthy digestive system . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division </Li> <Li> 3 Monosaccharides <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification of monosaccharides </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ring - straight chain isomerism </Li> <Li> 3.3 Use in living organisms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Disaccharides </Li> <Li> 5 Nutrition <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Metabolism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Catabolism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Carbohydrate chemistry </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Formerly the name `` carbohydrate '' was used in chemistry for any compound with the formula C ( H O ) . Following this definition , some chemists considered formaldehyde ( CH O ) to be the simplest carbohydrate , while others claimed that title for glycolaldehyde . Today , the term is generally understood in the biochemistry sense , which excludes compounds with only one or two carbons and includes many biological carbohydrates which deviate from this formula . For example , while the above representative formulas would seem to capture the commonly known carbohydrates , ubiquitous and abundant carbohydrates often deviate from this . For example , carbohydrates often display chemical groups such as : N - acetyl ( e.g. chitin ) , sulphate ( e.g. glycosaminoglycans ) , carboxylic acid ( e.g. sialic acid ) and deoxy modifications ( e.g. fucose and sialic acid ) . </P> <P> Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH O ) where n is three or more . A typical monosaccharide has the structure H -- ( CHOH ) ( C = O ) -- \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "oxygen ( O )" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1408, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n St. Jakob - Park in Basel , Switzerland on 18 May 2016 , between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two - time defending champions Sevilla . Sevilla won the match 3 -- 1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup / Europa League three times in a row ; it was their record fifth title overall . </P> <P> Sevilla earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League , Real Madrid , in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . They also qualified for the group stage of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , as Real Madrid also qualified for the group stage through domestic performance , that meant the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used and passed to the Europa League title holders . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Sevilla wins third consecutive Europa League title , beating Liverpool 3 - 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Venue </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Road to the final </Li> <Li> 4 Pre-match <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ambassador </Li> <Li> 4.2 Logo </Li> <Li> 4.3 Ticketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Match <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Officials </Li> <Li> 5.2 Goal - line technology </Li> <Li> 5.3 Summary </Li> <Li> 5.4 Details </Li> <Li> 5.5 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> The St. Jakob - Park in Basel was selected to host the final in September 2014 . <P> The St. Jakob - Park was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon , Switzerland , on 18 September 2014 . This was the first European club final hosted at the stadium , although the previous stadium of the same name , the St. Jakob Stadium , which opened in 1954 for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and closed in 1998 , hosted four European Cup Winners ' Cup finals in 1969 , 1975 , 1979 and 1984 . </P> <P> The current St. Jakob - Park , nicknamed `` Joggeli '' by fans , was built in 1998 and opened in 2001 , and is the home stadium of Basel . It hosted six matches at UEFA Euro 2008 , including the opening match and a semi-final . Its current capacity is 38,512 , but is reduced to nearly 36,000 seats for UEFA competitions . </P> <P> After Basel got transferred to the Europa League after conceding to Maccabi Tel Aviv by away goals , Basel had the chance to become the first team to win the competition in home ground since Feyenoord in 2002 , and the first to win it under the Europa League banner . This possibility ended after Basel was eliminated in the round of 16 by Sevilla . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the final , Sevilla were the most successful team in the history of the UEFA Cup / Europa League , with four titles , while Liverpool were joint second , tied with Internazionale and Juventus , with three titles . Neither side had lost in a UEFA Cup / Europa League final before . This was their first meeting in a European competition . </P> <P> Liverpool previously won finals in 1973 , 1976 , and 2001 . Overall , this was their 12th final in a European competition , with five wins in the European Cup ( 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , and 2005 ) and two defeats in the European Cup ( 1985 and 2007 ) and one in the European Cup Winners ' Cup ( 1966 ) . This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp , who lost in the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final with Borussia Dortmund , who were eliminated by Liverpool in this season 's quarter - finals . </P> <P> Sevilla previously won finals in 2006 , 2007 , 2014 , and 2015 . They were the first team to reach five overall finals and three consecutive finals , and had a chance to win an unprecedented five overall and three consecutive titles . Spain was aiming to become the most successful country in the competition 's history , with them tied with Italy with nine wins apiece . Sevilla 's manager Unai Emery , who led them to the previous two titles , had a chance to win his third title , to tie him with record holder Giovanni Trapattoni . José Antonio Reyes , who was in the squad of four previous Europa League winners ( although he only played in three finals ) , was aiming to collect a record fifth Europa League winner 's medal . </P> <H2> Road to the final ( edit ) </H2> Further information : 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League <P> Note : In the table , the score of the finalist is given first ( H = home ; A = away ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"4\"> Liverpool </Th> <Th> Round </\n\nQuestion:\nwho did liverpool get in the europa league\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Sevilla" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1408, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did liverpool get in the europa league\n\nDocument:\n St. Jakob - Park in Basel , Switzerland on 18 May 2016 , between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two - time defending champions Sevilla . Sevilla won the match 3 -- 1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup / Europa League three times in a row ; it was their record fifth title overall . </P> <P> Sevilla earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League , Real Madrid , in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . They also qualified for the group stage of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , as Real Madrid also qualified for the group stage through domestic performance , that meant the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used and passed to the Europa League title holders . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Sevilla wins third consecutive Europa League title , beating Liverpool 3 - 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Venue </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Road to the final </Li> <Li> 4 Pre-match <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ambassador </Li> <Li> 4.2 Logo </Li> <Li> 4.3 Ticketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Match <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Officials </Li> <Li> 5.2 Goal - line technology </Li> <Li> 5.3 Summary </Li> <Li> 5.4 Details </Li> <Li> 5.5 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> The St. Jakob - Park in Basel was selected to host the final in September 2014 . <P> The St. Jakob - Park was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon , Switzerland , on 18 September 2014 . This was the first European club final hosted at the stadium , although the previous stadium of the same name , the St. Jakob Stadium , which opened in 1954 for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and closed in 1998 , hosted four European Cup Winners ' Cup finals in 1969 , 1975 , 1979 and 1984 . </P> <P> The current St. Jakob - Park , nicknamed `` Joggeli '' by fans , was built in 1998 and opened in 2001 , and is the home stadium of Basel . It hosted six matches at UEFA Euro 2008 , including the opening match and a semi-final . Its current capacity is 38,512 , but is reduced to nearly 36,000 seats for UEFA competitions . </P> <P> After Basel got transferred to the Europa League after conceding to Maccabi Tel Aviv by away goals , Basel had the chance to become the first team to win the competition in home ground since Feyenoord in 2002 , and the first to win it under the Europa League banner . This possibility ended after Basel was eliminated in the round of 16 by Sevilla . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the final , Sevilla were the most successful team in the history of the UEFA Cup / Europa League , with four titles , while Liverpool were joint second , tied with Internazionale and Juventus , with three titles . Neither side had lost in a UEFA Cup / Europa League final before . This was their first meeting in a European competition . </P> <P> Liverpool previously won finals in 1973 , 1976 , and 2001 . Overall , this was their 12th final in a European competition , with five wins in the European Cup ( 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , and 2005 ) and two defeats in the European Cup ( 1985 and 2007 ) and one in the European Cup Winners ' Cup ( 1966 ) . This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp , who lost in the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final with Borussia Dortmund , who were eliminated by Liverpool in this season 's quarter - finals . </P> <P> Sevilla previously won finals in 2006 , 2007 , 2014 , and 2015 . They were the first team to reach five overall finals and three consecutive finals , and had a chance to win an unprecedented five overall and three consecutive titles . Spain was aiming to become the most successful country in the competition 's history , with them tied with Italy with nine wins apiece . Sevilla 's manager Unai Emery , who led them to the previous two titles , had a chance to win his third title , to tie him with record holder Giovanni Trapattoni . José Antonio Reyes , who was in the squad of four previous Europa League winners ( although he only played in three finals ) , was aiming to collect a record fifth Europa League winner 's medal . </P> <H2> Road to the final ( edit ) </H2> Further information : 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League <P> Note : In the table , the score of the finalist is given first ( H = home ; A = away ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"4\"> Liverpool </Th> <Th> Round </\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Sevilla" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1577, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n2016 UEFA Europa League final - wikipedia <H1> 2016 UEFA Europa League final </H1> <Table> 2016 UEFA Europa League Final <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Match programme cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Td> 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Liverpool </Th> <Th> Sevilla </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 18 May 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> St. Jakob - Park , Basel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Man of the Match </Th> <Td> Coke ( Sevilla ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> Jonas Eriksson ( Sweden ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 34,429 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weather </Th> <Td> Rain 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) 51 % humidity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> ← 2015 2017 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2016 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League , the 45th season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the St. Jakob - Park in Basel , Switzerland on 18 May 2016 , between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two - time defending champions Sevilla . Sevilla won the match 3 -- 1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup / Europa League three times in a row ; it was their record fifth title overall . </P> <P> Sevilla earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League , Real Madrid , in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . They also qualified for the group stage of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , as Real Madrid also qualified for the group stage through domestic performance , that meant the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used and passed to the Europa League title holders . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Sevilla wins third consecutive Europa League title , beating Liverpool 3 - 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Venue </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Road to the final </Li> <Li> 4 Pre-match <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ambassador </Li> <Li> 4.2 Logo </Li> <Li> 4.3 Ticketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Match <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Officials </Li> <Li> 5.2 Goal - line technology </Li> <Li> 5.3 Summary </Li> <Li> 5.4 Details </Li> <Li> 5.5 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> The St. Jakob - Park in Basel was selected to host the final in September 2014 . <P> The St. Jakob - Park was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon , Switzerland , on 18 September 2014 . This was the first European club final hosted at the stadium , although the previous stadium of the same name , the St. Jakob Stadium , which opened in 1954 for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and closed in 1998 , hosted four European Cup Winners ' Cup finals in 1969 , 1975 , 1979 and 1984 . </P> <P> The current St. Jakob - Park , nicknamed `` Joggeli '' by fans , was built in 1998 and opened in 2001 , and is the home stadium of Basel . It hosted six matches at UEFA Euro 2008 , including the opening match and a semi-final . Its current capacity is 38,512 , but is reduced to nearly 36,000 seats for UEFA competitions . </P> <P> After Basel got transferred to the Europa League after conceding to Maccabi Tel Aviv by away goals , Basel had the chance to become the first team to win the competition in home ground since Feyenoord in 2002 , and the first to win it under the Europa League banner . This possibility ended after Basel was eliminated in the round of 16 by Sevilla . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the final , Sevilla were the most successful team in the history of the UEFA Cup / Europa League , with four titles , while Liverpool were joint second , tied with Internazionale and Juventus , with three titles . Neither side had lost in a UEFA Cup / Europa League final before . This was their first meeting in a European competition . </P> <P> Liverpool previously won finals in 1973 , 1976 , and 2001 . Overall , this was their 12th final in a European competition , with five wins in the European Cup ( 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , and 2005 ) and two defeats in the European Cup ( 1985 and 2007 ) and one in the European Cup Winners ' Cup ( 1966 ) . This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp \n\nQuestion:\nwho did liverpool get in the europa league\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Sevilla" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1577, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did liverpool get in the europa league\n\nDocument:\n2016 UEFA Europa League final - wikipedia <H1> 2016 UEFA Europa League final </H1> <Table> 2016 UEFA Europa League Final <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Match programme cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Td> 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Liverpool </Th> <Th> Sevilla </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 18 May 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> St. Jakob - Park , Basel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Man of the Match </Th> <Td> Coke ( Sevilla ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> Jonas Eriksson ( Sweden ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 34,429 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weather </Th> <Td> Rain 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) 51 % humidity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> ← 2015 2017 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2016 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League , the 45th season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the St. Jakob - Park in Basel , Switzerland on 18 May 2016 , between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two - time defending champions Sevilla . Sevilla won the match 3 -- 1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup / Europa League three times in a row ; it was their record fifth title overall . </P> <P> Sevilla earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League , Real Madrid , in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . They also qualified for the group stage of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , as Real Madrid also qualified for the group stage through domestic performance , that meant the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used and passed to the Europa League title holders . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Sevilla wins third consecutive Europa League title , beating Liverpool 3 - 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Venue </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Road to the final </Li> <Li> 4 Pre-match <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ambassador </Li> <Li> 4.2 Logo </Li> <Li> 4.3 Ticketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Match <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Officials </Li> <Li> 5.2 Goal - line technology </Li> <Li> 5.3 Summary </Li> <Li> 5.4 Details </Li> <Li> 5.5 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> The St. Jakob - Park in Basel was selected to host the final in September 2014 . <P> The St. Jakob - Park was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon , Switzerland , on 18 September 2014 . This was the first European club final hosted at the stadium , although the previous stadium of the same name , the St. Jakob Stadium , which opened in 1954 for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and closed in 1998 , hosted four European Cup Winners ' Cup finals in 1969 , 1975 , 1979 and 1984 . </P> <P> The current St. Jakob - Park , nicknamed `` Joggeli '' by fans , was built in 1998 and opened in 2001 , and is the home stadium of Basel . It hosted six matches at UEFA Euro 2008 , including the opening match and a semi-final . Its current capacity is 38,512 , but is reduced to nearly 36,000 seats for UEFA competitions . </P> <P> After Basel got transferred to the Europa League after conceding to Maccabi Tel Aviv by away goals , Basel had the chance to become the first team to win the competition in home ground since Feyenoord in 2002 , and the first to win it under the Europa League banner . This possibility ended after Basel was eliminated in the round of 16 by Sevilla . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the final , Sevilla were the most successful team in the history of the UEFA Cup / Europa League , with four titles , while Liverpool were joint second , tied with Internazionale and Juventus , with three titles . Neither side had lost in a UEFA Cup / Europa League final before . This was their first meeting in a European competition . </P> <P> Liverpool previously won finals in 1973 , 1976 , and 2001 . Overall , this was their 12th final in a European competition , with five wins in the European Cup ( 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , and 2005 ) and two defeats in the European Cup ( 1985 and 2007 ) and one in the European Cup Winners ' Cup ( 1966 ) . This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Sevilla" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1577, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n2016 UEFA Europa League final - wikipedia <H1> 2016 UEFA Europa League final </H1> <Table> 2016 UEFA Europa League Final <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Match programme cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Td> 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Liverpool </Th> <Th> Sevilla </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 18 May 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> St. Jakob - Park , Basel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Man of the Match </Th> <Td> Coke ( Sevilla ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> Jonas Eriksson ( Sweden ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 34,429 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weather </Th> <Td> Rain 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) 51 % humidity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> ← 2015 2017 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2016 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League , the 45th season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the St. Jakob - Park in Basel , Switzerland on 18 May 2016 , between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two - time defending champions Sevilla . Sevilla won the match 3 -- 1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup / Europa League three times in a row ; it was their record fifth title overall . </P> <P> Sevilla earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League , Real Madrid , in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . They also qualified for the group stage of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , as Real Madrid also qualified for the group stage through domestic performance , that meant the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used and passed to the Europa League title holders . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Sevilla wins third consecutive Europa League title , beating Liverpool 3 - 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Venue </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Road to the final </Li> <Li> 4 Pre-match <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ambassador </Li> <Li> 4.2 Logo </Li> <Li> 4.3 Ticketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Match <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Officials </Li> <Li> 5.2 Goal - line technology </Li> <Li> 5.3 Summary </Li> <Li> 5.4 Details </Li> <Li> 5.5 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> The St. Jakob - Park in Basel was selected to host the final in September 2014 . <P> The St. Jakob - Park was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon , Switzerland , on 18 September 2014 . This was the first European club final hosted at the stadium , although the previous stadium of the same name , the St. Jakob Stadium , which opened in 1954 for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and closed in 1998 , hosted four European Cup Winners ' Cup finals in 1969 , 1975 , 1979 and 1984 . </P> <P> The current St. Jakob - Park , nicknamed `` Joggeli '' by fans , was built in 1998 and opened in 2001 , and is the home stadium of Basel . It hosted six matches at UEFA Euro 2008 , including the opening match and a semi-final . Its current capacity is 38,512 , but is reduced to nearly 36,000 seats for UEFA competitions . </P> <P> After Basel got transferred to the Europa League after conceding to Maccabi Tel Aviv by away goals , Basel had the chance to become the first team to win the competition in home ground since Feyenoord in 2002 , and the first to win it under the Europa League banner . This possibility ended after Basel was eliminated in the round of 16 by Sevilla . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the final , Sevilla were the most successful team in the history of the UEFA Cup / Europa League , with four titles , while Liverpool were joint second , tied with Internazionale and Juventus , with three titles . Neither side had lost in a UEFA Cup / Europa League final before . This was their first meeting in a European competition . </P> <P> Liverpool previously won finals in 1973 , 1976 , and 2001 . Overall , this was their 12th final in a European competition , with five wins in the European Cup ( 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , and 2005 ) and two defeats in the European Cup ( 1985 and 2007 ) and one in the European Cup Winners ' Cup ( 1966 ) . This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp \n\nQuestion:\nwho did liverpool get in the europa league\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Sevilla" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1577, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho did liverpool get in the europa league\n\nDocument:\n2016 UEFA Europa League final - wikipedia <H1> 2016 UEFA Europa League final </H1> <Table> 2016 UEFA Europa League Final <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Match programme cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Td> 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Liverpool </Th> <Th> Sevilla </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 18 May 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> St. Jakob - Park , Basel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Man of the Match </Th> <Td> Coke ( Sevilla ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> Jonas Eriksson ( Sweden ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 34,429 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weather </Th> <Td> Rain 18 ° C ( 64 ° F ) 51 % humidity </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> ← 2015 2017 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2016 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League , the 45th season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the St. Jakob - Park in Basel , Switzerland on 18 May 2016 , between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two - time defending champions Sevilla . Sevilla won the match 3 -- 1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup / Europa League three times in a row ; it was their record fifth title overall . </P> <P> Sevilla earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League , Real Madrid , in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . They also qualified for the group stage of the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , as Real Madrid also qualified for the group stage through domestic performance , that meant the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used and passed to the Europa League title holders . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Sevilla wins third consecutive Europa League title , beating Liverpool 3 - 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Venue </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Road to the final </Li> <Li> 4 Pre-match <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ambassador </Li> <Li> 4.2 Logo </Li> <Li> 4.3 Ticketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Match <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Officials </Li> <Li> 5.2 Goal - line technology </Li> <Li> 5.3 Summary </Li> <Li> 5.4 Details </Li> <Li> 5.5 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> The St. Jakob - Park in Basel was selected to host the final in September 2014 . <P> The St. Jakob - Park was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon , Switzerland , on 18 September 2014 . This was the first European club final hosted at the stadium , although the previous stadium of the same name , the St. Jakob Stadium , which opened in 1954 for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and closed in 1998 , hosted four European Cup Winners ' Cup finals in 1969 , 1975 , 1979 and 1984 . </P> <P> The current St. Jakob - Park , nicknamed `` Joggeli '' by fans , was built in 1998 and opened in 2001 , and is the home stadium of Basel . It hosted six matches at UEFA Euro 2008 , including the opening match and a semi-final . Its current capacity is 38,512 , but is reduced to nearly 36,000 seats for UEFA competitions . </P> <P> After Basel got transferred to the Europa League after conceding to Maccabi Tel Aviv by away goals , Basel had the chance to become the first team to win the competition in home ground since Feyenoord in 2002 , and the first to win it under the Europa League banner . This possibility ended after Basel was eliminated in the round of 16 by Sevilla . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before the final , Sevilla were the most successful team in the history of the UEFA Cup / Europa League , with four titles , while Liverpool were joint second , tied with Internazionale and Juventus , with three titles . Neither side had lost in a UEFA Cup / Europa League final before . This was their first meeting in a European competition . </P> <P> Liverpool previously won finals in 1973 , 1976 , and 2001 . Overall , this was their 12th final in a European competition , with five wins in the European Cup ( 1977 , 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , and 2005 ) and two defeats in the European Cup ( 1985 and 2007 ) and one in the European Cup Winners ' Cup ( 1966 ) . This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Sevilla" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1885, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nerson 's life , or by a person 's genes . The alliterative expression `` nature and nurture '' in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ἁπό φύσεως καὶ εὐτροφίας ) . Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors . Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual . </P> <P> The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics , discussing the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement . Galton was influenced by the book On the Origin of Species written by his half - cousin , Charles Darwin . </P> <P> The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from `` nurture '' was termed tabula rasa ( `` blank slate '' ) by John Locke in 1690 . A `` blank slate view '' in human developmental psychology assuming that human behavioral traits develop almost exclusively from environmental influences , was widely held during much of the 20th century ( sometimes termed `` blank - slatism '' ) . The debate between `` blank - slate '' denial of the influence of heritability , and the view admitting both environmental and heritable traits , has often been cast in terms of nature versus nurture . These two conflicting approaches to human development were at the core of an ideological dispute over research agendas throughout the second half of the 20th century . As both `` nature '' and `` nurture '' factors were found to contribute substantially , often in an extricable manner , such views were seen as naive or outdated by most scholars of human development by the 2000s . </P> <P> In their 2014 survey of scientists , many respondents wrote that the dichotomy of nature versus nurture had outlived its usefulness , and should be retired . The reason is that in many fields of research , close feedback loops have been found in which `` nature '' and `` nurture '' influence one another constantly , as seen in self - domestication . In ecology and behavioral genetics , researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature . Similarly in other fields , the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear , as in epigenetics or fetal development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the debate </Li> <Li> 2 Heritability estimates </Li> <Li> 3 Interaction of genes and environment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Obligate vs. facultative adaptations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Advanced techniques </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entrepreneurship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Heritability of intelligence </Li> <Li> 5 Personality traits </Li> <Li> 6 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Genomics </Li> <Li> 6.2 Linkage and association studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the debate ( edit ) </H2> <P> John Locke 's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1690 ) is often cited as the foundational document of the `` blank slate '' view . Locke was criticizing René Descartes ' claim of an innate idea of God universal to humanity . Locke 's view was harshly criticized in his own time . Anthony Ashley - Cooper , 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury , complained that by denying the possibility of any innate ideas , Locke `` threw all order and virtue out of the world '' , leading to total moral relativism . Locke 's was not the predominant view in the 19th century , which on the contrary tended to focus on `` instinct '' . Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James ( 1842 -- 1910 ) argued that humans have more instincts than animals , and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts , not fewer . </P> <P> The question of `` innate ideas '' or `` instincts '' were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy . In 18th - century philosophy , this was cast in terms of `` innate ideas '' establishing the presence of a universal virtue , prerequisite for objective morals . In the 20th century , this argument was in a way inverted , as some philosophers now argued that the evolutionary origins of human behavioral traits forces us to concede that there is no foundation for ethics ( J.L. Mackie ) , while others treat ethics as a field in complete isolation from evolutionary considerations ( Thomas Nagel ) . </P> <P> In the early 20th century , there was an increased interest in the role of the environment , as a reaction to the strong focus on pure heredity in the wake of the triumphal success of Darwin 's theory of evolution . </P> <P> During this time , the social sciences developed as the project of studying the influence of culture in clean isolation from questions related to `` biology '' . Franz Boas 's The Mind of Primitive Man ( 1911 ) established a program that would dominate American anthropology for the next fifteen years . In this study he established that in any given population , biology , language , material and symbolic culture , are autonomous ; that each is an equally important dimension of human nature , but that no one of these dimensions is reducible to another . </P> <P> The tool of twin studies was developed after World War I as an experimental setup intended to exclude all confounders based on inherited behavioral traits . Such studies are designed to decompose the variability of a given trait in a given population into a genetic and an environmental component . </P> <P> John B. Watson in the 1920s and 1930s established the school of purist behaviorism that would become dominant over the following decades . Watson was convinced of the complete dominance of cultural influence over anything that heredity might contribute , to the point of claiming </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Give me a dozen healthy infants , well - formed , and my own specified world to bring them up in and I 'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor , lawyer , artist , merchant - chief and , yes , even beggar - man and thief , regardless of his talents , penchants , tendencies , abilities , vocations , and race of his ancestors . '' ( Behaviorism , 1930 , p. 82 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> During the 1940s to 1960s , Ashley Montagu was a notable proponent of this purist form of behaviorism which allowed no contribution from heredity whatsoever : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Man is man because he has no instincts , because everything he is and has become he has learned , acquired , from his culture ( ... ) with the exception of the instinctoid reactions in infants to sudden withdrawals of support and to sudden loud noises , the human being is entirely instinctless . '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> In 1951 , Calvin Hall suggested that the dichotomy opposing nature to nurture is ultimately f\n\nQuestion:\nwho believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Francis Galton" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1885, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture\n\nDocument:\nerson 's life , or by a person 's genes . The alliterative expression `` nature and nurture '' in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ἁπό φύσεως καὶ εὐτροφίας ) . Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors . Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual . </P> <P> The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics , discussing the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement . Galton was influenced by the book On the Origin of Species written by his half - cousin , Charles Darwin . </P> <P> The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from `` nurture '' was termed tabula rasa ( `` blank slate '' ) by John Locke in 1690 . A `` blank slate view '' in human developmental psychology assuming that human behavioral traits develop almost exclusively from environmental influences , was widely held during much of the 20th century ( sometimes termed `` blank - slatism '' ) . The debate between `` blank - slate '' denial of the influence of heritability , and the view admitting both environmental and heritable traits , has often been cast in terms of nature versus nurture . These two conflicting approaches to human development were at the core of an ideological dispute over research agendas throughout the second half of the 20th century . As both `` nature '' and `` nurture '' factors were found to contribute substantially , often in an extricable manner , such views were seen as naive or outdated by most scholars of human development by the 2000s . </P> <P> In their 2014 survey of scientists , many respondents wrote that the dichotomy of nature versus nurture had outlived its usefulness , and should be retired . The reason is that in many fields of research , close feedback loops have been found in which `` nature '' and `` nurture '' influence one another constantly , as seen in self - domestication . In ecology and behavioral genetics , researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature . Similarly in other fields , the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear , as in epigenetics or fetal development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the debate </Li> <Li> 2 Heritability estimates </Li> <Li> 3 Interaction of genes and environment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Obligate vs. facultative adaptations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Advanced techniques </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entrepreneurship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Heritability of intelligence </Li> <Li> 5 Personality traits </Li> <Li> 6 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Genomics </Li> <Li> 6.2 Linkage and association studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the debate ( edit ) </H2> <P> John Locke 's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1690 ) is often cited as the foundational document of the `` blank slate '' view . Locke was criticizing René Descartes ' claim of an innate idea of God universal to humanity . Locke 's view was harshly criticized in his own time . Anthony Ashley - Cooper , 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury , complained that by denying the possibility of any innate ideas , Locke `` threw all order and virtue out of the world '' , leading to total moral relativism . Locke 's was not the predominant view in the 19th century , which on the contrary tended to focus on `` instinct '' . Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James ( 1842 -- 1910 ) argued that humans have more instincts than animals , and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts , not fewer . </P> <P> The question of `` innate ideas '' or `` instincts '' were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy . In 18th - century philosophy , this was cast in terms of `` innate ideas '' establishing the presence of a universal virtue , prerequisite for objective morals . In the 20th century , this argument was in a way inverted , as some philosophers now argued that the evolutionary origins of human behavioral traits forces us to concede that there is no foundation for ethics ( J.L. Mackie ) , while others treat ethics as a field in complete isolation from evolutionary considerations ( Thomas Nagel ) . </P> <P> In the early 20th century , there was an increased interest in the role of the environment , as a reaction to the strong focus on pure heredity in the wake of the triumphal success of Darwin 's theory of evolution . </P> <P> During this time , the social sciences developed as the project of studying the influence of culture in clean isolation from questions related to `` biology '' . Franz Boas 's The Mind of Primitive Man ( 1911 ) established a program that would dominate American anthropology for the next fifteen years . In this study he established that in any given population , biology , language , material and symbolic culture , are autonomous ; that each is an equally important dimension of human nature , but that no one of these dimensions is reducible to another . </P> <P> The tool of twin studies was developed after World War I as an experimental setup intended to exclude all confounders based on inherited behavioral traits . Such studies are designed to decompose the variability of a given trait in a given population into a genetic and an environmental component . </P> <P> John B. Watson in the 1920s and 1930s established the school of purist behaviorism that would become dominant over the following decades . Watson was convinced of the complete dominance of cultural influence over anything that heredity might contribute , to the point of claiming </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Give me a dozen healthy infants , well - formed , and my own specified world to bring them up in and I 'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor , lawyer , artist , merchant - chief and , yes , even beggar - man and thief , regardless of his talents , penchants , tendencies , abilities , vocations , and race of his ancestors . '' ( Behaviorism , 1930 , p. 82 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> During the 1940s to 1960s , Ashley Montagu was a notable proponent of this purist form of behaviorism which allowed no contribution from heredity whatsoever : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Man is man because he has no instincts , because everything he is and has become he has learned , acquired , from his culture ( ... ) with the exception of the instinctoid reactions in infants to sudden withdrawals of support and to sudden loud noises , the human being is entirely instinctless . '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> In 1951 , Calvin Hall suggested that the dichotomy opposing nature to nurture is ultimately f\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Francis Galton" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1881, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nNature versus nurture - wikipedia <H1> Nature versus nurture </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The long - running nature versus nurture debate is about whether human behaviour is determined by the environment , either prenatal or during a person 's life , or by a person 's genes . The alliterative expression `` nature and nurture '' in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ἁπό φύσεως καὶ εὐτροφίας ) . Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors . Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual . </P> <P> The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics , discussing the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement . Galton was influenced by the book On the Origin of Species written by his half - cousin , Charles Darwin . </P> <P> The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from `` nurture '' was termed tabula rasa ( `` blank slate '' ) by John Locke in 1690 . A `` blank slate view '' in human developmental psychology assuming that human behavioral traits develop almost exclusively from environmental influences , was widely held during much of the 20th century ( sometimes termed `` blank - slatism '' ) . The debate between `` blank - slate '' denial of the influence of heritability , and the view admitting both environmental and heritable traits , has often been cast in terms of nature versus nurture . These two conflicting approaches to human development were at the core of an ideological dispute over research agendas throughout the second half of the 20th century . As both `` nature '' and `` nurture '' factors were found to contribute substantially , often in an extricable manner , such views were seen as naive or outdated by most scholars of human development by the 2000s . </P> <P> In their 2014 survey of scientists , many respondents wrote that the dichotomy of nature versus nurture had outlived its usefulness , and should be retired . The reason is that in many fields of research , close feedback loops have been found in which `` nature '' and `` nurture '' influence one another constantly , as seen in self - domestication . In ecology and behavioral genetics , researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature . Similarly in other fields , the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear , as in epigenetics or fetal development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the debate </Li> <Li> 2 Heritability estimates </Li> <Li> 3 Interaction of genes and environment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Obligate vs. facultative adaptations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Advanced techniques </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entrepreneurship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Heritability of intelligence </Li> <Li> 5 Personality traits </Li> <Li> 6 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Genomics </Li> <Li> 6.2 Linkage and association studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the debate ( edit ) </H2> <P> John Locke 's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1690 ) is often cited as the foundational document of the `` blank slate '' view . Locke was criticizing René Descartes ' claim of an innate idea of God universal to humanity . Locke 's view was harshly criticized in his own time . Anthony Ashley - Cooper , 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury , complained that by denying the possibility of any innate ideas , Locke `` threw all order and virtue out of the world '' , leading to total moral relativism . Locke 's was not the predominant view in the 19th century , which on the contrary tended to focus on `` instinct '' . Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James ( 1842 -- 1910 ) argued that humans have more instincts than animals , and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts , not fewer . </P> <P> The question of `` innate ideas '' or `` instincts '' were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy . In 18th - century philosophy , this was cast in terms of `` innate ideas '' establishing the presence of a universal virtue , prerequisite for objective morals . In the 20th century , this argument was in a way inverted , as some philosophers now argued that the evolutionary origins of human behavioral traits forces us to concede that there is no foundation for ethics ( J.L. Mackie ) , while others treat ethics as a field in complete isolation from evolutionary considerations ( Thomas Nagel ) . </P> <P> In the early 20th century , there was an increased interest in the role of the environment , as a reaction to the strong focus on pure heredity in the wake of the triumphal success of Darwin 's theory of evolution . </P> <P> During this time , the social sciences developed as the project of studying the influence of culture in clean isolation from questions related to `` biology '' . Franz Boas 's The Mind of Primitive Man ( 1911 ) established a program that would dominate American anthropology for the next fifteen years . In this study he established that in any given population , biology , language , material and symbolic culture , are autonomous ; that each is an equally important dimension of human nature , but that no one of these dimensions is reducible to another . </P> <P> The tool of twin studies was developed after World War I as an experimental setup intended to exclude all confounders based on inherited behavioral traits . Such studies are designed to decompose the variability of a given trait in a given population into a genetic and an environmental component . </P> <P> John B. Watson in the 1920s and 1930s established the school of purist behaviorism that would become dominant over the following decades . Watson was convinced of the complete dominance of cultural influence over anything that heredity might contribute , to the point of claiming </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Give me a dozen healthy infants , well - formed , and my own specified world to bring them up in and I 'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor , lawyer , artist , merchant - chief and , yes , even beggar - man and thief , regardless of his talents , penchants , tendencies , abilities , vocations , and race of his ancestors . '' ( Behaviorism , 1930 , p. 82 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> During the 1940s to 1960s , Ashley Montagu was a notable proponent of this purist form of behaviorism which allowed no contribution from heredity whatsoever : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Man is man because he has no instincts , because everything he is and has become he has learned , acquired , from his culture ( ... ) with the exception of the ins\n\nQuestion:\nwho believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Francis Galton" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1881, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture\n\nDocument:\nNature versus nurture - wikipedia <H1> Nature versus nurture </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The long - running nature versus nurture debate is about whether human behaviour is determined by the environment , either prenatal or during a person 's life , or by a person 's genes . The alliterative expression `` nature and nurture '' in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ἁπό φύσεως καὶ εὐτροφίας ) . Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors . Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual . </P> <P> The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics , discussing the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement . Galton was influenced by the book On the Origin of Species written by his half - cousin , Charles Darwin . </P> <P> The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from `` nurture '' was termed tabula rasa ( `` blank slate '' ) by John Locke in 1690 . A `` blank slate view '' in human developmental psychology assuming that human behavioral traits develop almost exclusively from environmental influences , was widely held during much of the 20th century ( sometimes termed `` blank - slatism '' ) . The debate between `` blank - slate '' denial of the influence of heritability , and the view admitting both environmental and heritable traits , has often been cast in terms of nature versus nurture . These two conflicting approaches to human development were at the core of an ideological dispute over research agendas throughout the second half of the 20th century . As both `` nature '' and `` nurture '' factors were found to contribute substantially , often in an extricable manner , such views were seen as naive or outdated by most scholars of human development by the 2000s . </P> <P> In their 2014 survey of scientists , many respondents wrote that the dichotomy of nature versus nurture had outlived its usefulness , and should be retired . The reason is that in many fields of research , close feedback loops have been found in which `` nature '' and `` nurture '' influence one another constantly , as seen in self - domestication . In ecology and behavioral genetics , researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature . Similarly in other fields , the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear , as in epigenetics or fetal development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the debate </Li> <Li> 2 Heritability estimates </Li> <Li> 3 Interaction of genes and environment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Obligate vs. facultative adaptations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Advanced techniques </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entrepreneurship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Heritability of intelligence </Li> <Li> 5 Personality traits </Li> <Li> 6 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Genomics </Li> <Li> 6.2 Linkage and association studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the debate ( edit ) </H2> <P> John Locke 's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1690 ) is often cited as the foundational document of the `` blank slate '' view . Locke was criticizing René Descartes ' claim of an innate idea of God universal to humanity . Locke 's view was harshly criticized in his own time . Anthony Ashley - Cooper , 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury , complained that by denying the possibility of any innate ideas , Locke `` threw all order and virtue out of the world '' , leading to total moral relativism . Locke 's was not the predominant view in the 19th century , which on the contrary tended to focus on `` instinct '' . Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James ( 1842 -- 1910 ) argued that humans have more instincts than animals , and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts , not fewer . </P> <P> The question of `` innate ideas '' or `` instincts '' were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy . In 18th - century philosophy , this was cast in terms of `` innate ideas '' establishing the presence of a universal virtue , prerequisite for objective morals . In the 20th century , this argument was in a way inverted , as some philosophers now argued that the evolutionary origins of human behavioral traits forces us to concede that there is no foundation for ethics ( J.L. Mackie ) , while others treat ethics as a field in complete isolation from evolutionary considerations ( Thomas Nagel ) . </P> <P> In the early 20th century , there was an increased interest in the role of the environment , as a reaction to the strong focus on pure heredity in the wake of the triumphal success of Darwin 's theory of evolution . </P> <P> During this time , the social sciences developed as the project of studying the influence of culture in clean isolation from questions related to `` biology '' . Franz Boas 's The Mind of Primitive Man ( 1911 ) established a program that would dominate American anthropology for the next fifteen years . In this study he established that in any given population , biology , language , material and symbolic culture , are autonomous ; that each is an equally important dimension of human nature , but that no one of these dimensions is reducible to another . </P> <P> The tool of twin studies was developed after World War I as an experimental setup intended to exclude all confounders based on inherited behavioral traits . Such studies are designed to decompose the variability of a given trait in a given population into a genetic and an environmental component . </P> <P> John B. Watson in the 1920s and 1930s established the school of purist behaviorism that would become dominant over the following decades . Watson was convinced of the complete dominance of cultural influence over anything that heredity might contribute , to the point of claiming </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Give me a dozen healthy infants , well - formed , and my own specified world to bring them up in and I 'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor , lawyer , artist , merchant - chief and , yes , even beggar - man and thief , regardless of his talents , penchants , tendencies , abilities , vocations , and race of his ancestors . '' ( Behaviorism , 1930 , p. 82 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> During the 1940s to 1960s , Ashley Montagu was a notable proponent of this purist form of behaviorism which allowed no contribution from heredity whatsoever : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Man is man because he has no instincts , because everything he is and has become he has learned , acquired , from his culture ( ... ) with the exception of the ins\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Francis Galton" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1881, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nNature versus nurture - wikipedia <H1> Nature versus nurture </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The long - running nature versus nurture debate is about whether human behaviour is determined by the environment , either prenatal or during a person 's life , or by a person 's genes . The alliterative expression `` nature and nurture '' in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ἁπό φύσεως καὶ εὐτροφίας ) . Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors . Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual . </P> <P> The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics , discussing the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement . Galton was influenced by the book On the Origin of Species written by his half - cousin , Charles Darwin . </P> <P> The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from `` nurture '' was termed tabula rasa ( `` blank slate '' ) by John Locke in 1690 . A `` blank slate view '' in human developmental psychology assuming that human behavioral traits develop almost exclusively from environmental influences , was widely held during much of the 20th century ( sometimes termed `` blank - slatism '' ) . The debate between `` blank - slate '' denial of the influence of heritability , and the view admitting both environmental and heritable traits , has often been cast in terms of nature versus nurture . These two conflicting approaches to human development were at the core of an ideological dispute over research agendas throughout the second half of the 20th century . As both `` nature '' and `` nurture '' factors were found to contribute substantially , often in an extricable manner , such views were seen as naive or outdated by most scholars of human development by the 2000s . </P> <P> In their 2014 survey of scientists , many respondents wrote that the dichotomy of nature versus nurture had outlived its usefulness , and should be retired . The reason is that in many fields of research , close feedback loops have been found in which `` nature '' and `` nurture '' influence one another constantly , as seen in self - domestication . In ecology and behavioral genetics , researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature . Similarly in other fields , the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear , as in epigenetics or fetal development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the debate </Li> <Li> 2 Heritability estimates </Li> <Li> 3 Interaction of genes and environment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Obligate vs. facultative adaptations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Advanced techniques </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entrepreneurship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Heritability of intelligence </Li> <Li> 5 Personality traits </Li> <Li> 6 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Genomics </Li> <Li> 6.2 Linkage and association studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the debate ( edit ) </H2> <P> John Locke 's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1690 ) is often cited as the foundational document of the `` blank slate '' view . Locke was criticizing René Descartes ' claim of an innate idea of God universal to humanity . Locke 's view was harshly criticized in his own time . Anthony Ashley - Cooper , 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury , complained that by denying the possibility of any innate ideas , Locke `` threw all order and virtue out of the world '' , leading to total moral relativism . Locke 's was not the predominant view in the 19th century , which on the contrary tended to focus on `` instinct '' . Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James ( 1842 -- 1910 ) argued that humans have more instincts than animals , and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts , not fewer . </P> <P> The question of `` innate ideas '' or `` instincts '' were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy . In 18th - century philosophy , this was cast in terms of `` innate ideas '' establishing the presence of a universal virtue , prerequisite for objective morals . In the 20th century , this argument was in a way inverted , as some philosophers now argued that the evolutionary origins of human behavioral traits forces us to concede that there is no foundation for ethics ( J.L. Mackie ) , while others treat ethics as a field in complete isolation from evolutionary considerations ( Thomas Nagel ) . </P> <P> In the early 20th century , there was an increased interest in the role of the environment , as a reaction to the strong focus on pure heredity in the wake of the triumphal success of Darwin 's theory of evolution . </P> <P> During this time , the social sciences developed as the project of studying the influence of culture in clean isolation from questions related to `` biology '' . Franz Boas 's The Mind of Primitive Man ( 1911 ) established a program that would dominate American anthropology for the next fifteen years . In this study he established that in any given population , biology , language , material and symbolic culture , are autonomous ; that each is an equally important dimension of human nature , but that no one of these dimensions is reducible to another . </P> <P> The tool of twin studies was developed after World War I as an experimental setup intended to exclude all confounders based on inherited behavioral traits . Such studies are designed to decompose the variability of a given trait in a given population into a genetic and an environmental component . </P> <P> John B. Watson in the 1920s and 1930s established the school of purist behaviorism that would become dominant over the following decades . Watson was convinced of the complete dominance of cultural influence over anything that heredity might contribute , to the point of claiming </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Give me a dozen healthy infants , well - formed , and my own specified world to bring them up in and I 'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor , lawyer , artist , merchant - chief and , yes , even beggar - man and thief , regardless of his talents , penchants , tendencies , abilities , vocations , and race of his ancestors . '' ( Behaviorism , 1930 , p. 82 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> During the 1940s to 1960s , Ashley Montagu was a notable proponent of this purist form of behaviorism which allowed no contribution from heredity whatsoever : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Man is man because he has no instincts , because everything he is and has become he has learned , acquired , from his culture ( ... ) with the exception of the ins\n\nQuestion:\nwho believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Francis Galton" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1881, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture\n\nDocument:\nNature versus nurture - wikipedia <H1> Nature versus nurture </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The long - running nature versus nurture debate is about whether human behaviour is determined by the environment , either prenatal or during a person 's life , or by a person 's genes . The alliterative expression `` nature and nurture '' in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French . The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient ( Greek : ἁπό φύσεως καὶ εὐτροφίας ) . Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors . Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure , experience and learning on an individual . </P> <P> The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics , discussing the influence of heredity and environment on social advancement . Galton was influenced by the book On the Origin of Species written by his half - cousin , Charles Darwin . </P> <P> The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from `` nurture '' was termed tabula rasa ( `` blank slate '' ) by John Locke in 1690 . A `` blank slate view '' in human developmental psychology assuming that human behavioral traits develop almost exclusively from environmental influences , was widely held during much of the 20th century ( sometimes termed `` blank - slatism '' ) . The debate between `` blank - slate '' denial of the influence of heritability , and the view admitting both environmental and heritable traits , has often been cast in terms of nature versus nurture . These two conflicting approaches to human development were at the core of an ideological dispute over research agendas throughout the second half of the 20th century . As both `` nature '' and `` nurture '' factors were found to contribute substantially , often in an extricable manner , such views were seen as naive or outdated by most scholars of human development by the 2000s . </P> <P> In their 2014 survey of scientists , many respondents wrote that the dichotomy of nature versus nurture had outlived its usefulness , and should be retired . The reason is that in many fields of research , close feedback loops have been found in which `` nature '' and `` nurture '' influence one another constantly , as seen in self - domestication . In ecology and behavioral genetics , researchers think nurture has an essential influence on nature . Similarly in other fields , the dividing line between an inherited and an acquired trait becomes unclear , as in epigenetics or fetal development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the debate </Li> <Li> 2 Heritability estimates </Li> <Li> 3 Interaction of genes and environment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Obligate vs. facultative adaptations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Advanced techniques </Li> <Li> 3.3 Entrepreneurship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Heritability of intelligence </Li> <Li> 5 Personality traits </Li> <Li> 6 Genetics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Genomics </Li> <Li> 6.2 Linkage and association studies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the debate ( edit ) </H2> <P> John Locke 's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1690 ) is often cited as the foundational document of the `` blank slate '' view . Locke was criticizing René Descartes ' claim of an innate idea of God universal to humanity . Locke 's view was harshly criticized in his own time . Anthony Ashley - Cooper , 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury , complained that by denying the possibility of any innate ideas , Locke `` threw all order and virtue out of the world '' , leading to total moral relativism . Locke 's was not the predominant view in the 19th century , which on the contrary tended to focus on `` instinct '' . Leda Cosmides and John Tooby noted that William James ( 1842 -- 1910 ) argued that humans have more instincts than animals , and that greater freedom of action is the result of having more psychological instincts , not fewer . </P> <P> The question of `` innate ideas '' or `` instincts '' were of some importance in the discussion of free will in moral philosophy . In 18th - century philosophy , this was cast in terms of `` innate ideas '' establishing the presence of a universal virtue , prerequisite for objective morals . In the 20th century , this argument was in a way inverted , as some philosophers now argued that the evolutionary origins of human behavioral traits forces us to concede that there is no foundation for ethics ( J.L. Mackie ) , while others treat ethics as a field in complete isolation from evolutionary considerations ( Thomas Nagel ) . </P> <P> In the early 20th century , there was an increased interest in the role of the environment , as a reaction to the strong focus on pure heredity in the wake of the triumphal success of Darwin 's theory of evolution . </P> <P> During this time , the social sciences developed as the project of studying the influence of culture in clean isolation from questions related to `` biology '' . Franz Boas 's The Mind of Primitive Man ( 1911 ) established a program that would dominate American anthropology for the next fifteen years . In this study he established that in any given population , biology , language , material and symbolic culture , are autonomous ; that each is an equally important dimension of human nature , but that no one of these dimensions is reducible to another . </P> <P> The tool of twin studies was developed after World War I as an experimental setup intended to exclude all confounders based on inherited behavioral traits . Such studies are designed to decompose the variability of a given trait in a given population into a genetic and an environmental component . </P> <P> John B. Watson in the 1920s and 1930s established the school of purist behaviorism that would become dominant over the following decades . Watson was convinced of the complete dominance of cultural influence over anything that heredity might contribute , to the point of claiming </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Give me a dozen healthy infants , well - formed , and my own specified world to bring them up in and I 'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor , lawyer , artist , merchant - chief and , yes , even beggar - man and thief , regardless of his talents , penchants , tendencies , abilities , vocations , and race of his ancestors . '' ( Behaviorism , 1930 , p. 82 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> During the 1940s to 1960s , Ashley Montagu was a notable proponent of this purist form of behaviorism which allowed no contribution from heredity whatsoever : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` Man is man because he has no instincts , because everything he is and has become he has learned , acquired , from his culture ( ... ) with the exception of the ins\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Francis Galton" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1891, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\npan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Paul Hester Tim Finn Peter Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Crowded House are a rock band formed in Melbourne , Australia , in 1985 . The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn ( vocalist , guitarist , primary songwriter ) and Australians Paul Hester ( drums ) and Nick Seymour ( bass ) . Later band members included Neil Finn 's brother , Tim Finn , and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod . </P> <P> Originally active from 1985 to 1996 , the band had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases , beginning with their self - titled debut album , which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' and `` Something So Strong '' . Further international success came in the UK , Europe and South Africa with their third and fourth albums , Woodface and Together Alone and the compilation album Recurring Dream , which included the hits `` Fall at Your Feet '' , `` Weather with You '' , `` Distant Sun '' , `` Locked Out '' , `` Instinct '' and `` Not the Girl You Think You Are '' . Neil and Tim Finn were each awarded an OBE in June 1993 , for their contribution to the music of New Zealand . </P> <P> Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons , but briefly returned for their `` Farewell to the World '' concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996 . Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim . On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide , aged 46 . In 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums ( in 2007 and 2010 ) , both of which reached number one on Australia 's album chart . As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums . In November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early nineties ( 1991 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Saying farewell ( 1994 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Between farewell and reunion ( 1996 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6 Reunion and Time on Earth ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 1.7 Intriguer and current status ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Style <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Songwriting and musical influences </Li> <Li> 2.2 Album covers , costumes and set design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Members </Li> <Li> 4 Discography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neil Finn ( vocals , guitar , piano ) and drummer Paul Hester ( ex-The Cheks , Deckchairs Overboard ) were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz , which spent part of 1975 -- 6 in Australia and several years in England . Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn , who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals , guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface . Bassist Nick Seymour ( ex-Plays with Marionettes , Bang , The Horla ) is the younger brother of singer - songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors . </P> <H3> Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Split Enz and The Mullanes <P> Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour , `` Enz with a Bang '' , in late 1984 . Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band . The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn , Hester , Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper ( ex-The Reels ) and first performed on 11 June . They secured a record contract with Capitol Records , but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album . At Capitol 's behest , the band 's name was changed to Crowded House , which alluded to the lack of space at the small Hollywood Hills house they shared during the recording of the album Crowded House . Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track `` Ca n't Carry On '' and was asked to join the band . He toured with them in 1988 , but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments . </P> <H3> Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Crowded House ( album ) and Temple of Low Men Crowded House , San Francisco , April 1987 . L to R : Paul Hester , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour . <P> Thanks to their Split Enz connection , the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase . They began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album , Crowded House , in June 1986 . Capitol Records initially failed to see the band 's potential and gave them only low - key promotion , forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention . The album 's first single , `` Mean to Me '' , reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June . It failed to chart in the US , but moderate American airplay introduced US listeners to the group . </P> <P> A single , `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' , was released in December 1986 and proved an international hit , reaching number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one in Canada . New Zealand radio stations initially gave the song little support until months later when it became successful internationally . Ultimately , the song reached number one on the New Zealand singles chart and number eight in Australia . It remains the group 's most commercially successful song . </P> <P> In March 1987 , the group were awarded `` Best New Talent '' , along with `` Song of the Year '' and `` Best Video '' awards for `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' at the inaugural ARIA Music Awards . The video also earned the group the MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist that year . The song has often been covered by other artists and gave Paul Young a hit single in 1991 . It was also used for a New Zealand Tourism Board advertisement in its `` 100 % Pure New Zealand '' worldwide promotion from October 2005 . In May 2001 , `` Do n't Dream it 's Over '' was voted seventh in a poll of the best Australian songs of all time by the Australasian Performing Rights Ass\n\nQuestion:\nwho is the lead singer of crowded house\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Neil Finn" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1891, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho is the lead singer of crowded house\n\nDocument:\npan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Paul Hester Tim Finn Peter Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Crowded House are a rock band formed in Melbourne , Australia , in 1985 . The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn ( vocalist , guitarist , primary songwriter ) and Australians Paul Hester ( drums ) and Nick Seymour ( bass ) . Later band members included Neil Finn 's brother , Tim Finn , and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod . </P> <P> Originally active from 1985 to 1996 , the band had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases , beginning with their self - titled debut album , which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' and `` Something So Strong '' . Further international success came in the UK , Europe and South Africa with their third and fourth albums , Woodface and Together Alone and the compilation album Recurring Dream , which included the hits `` Fall at Your Feet '' , `` Weather with You '' , `` Distant Sun '' , `` Locked Out '' , `` Instinct '' and `` Not the Girl You Think You Are '' . Neil and Tim Finn were each awarded an OBE in June 1993 , for their contribution to the music of New Zealand . </P> <P> Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons , but briefly returned for their `` Farewell to the World '' concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996 . Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim . On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide , aged 46 . In 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums ( in 2007 and 2010 ) , both of which reached number one on Australia 's album chart . As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums . In November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early nineties ( 1991 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Saying farewell ( 1994 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Between farewell and reunion ( 1996 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6 Reunion and Time on Earth ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 1.7 Intriguer and current status ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Style <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Songwriting and musical influences </Li> <Li> 2.2 Album covers , costumes and set design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Members </Li> <Li> 4 Discography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neil Finn ( vocals , guitar , piano ) and drummer Paul Hester ( ex-The Cheks , Deckchairs Overboard ) were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz , which spent part of 1975 -- 6 in Australia and several years in England . Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn , who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals , guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface . Bassist Nick Seymour ( ex-Plays with Marionettes , Bang , The Horla ) is the younger brother of singer - songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors . </P> <H3> Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Split Enz and The Mullanes <P> Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour , `` Enz with a Bang '' , in late 1984 . Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band . The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn , Hester , Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper ( ex-The Reels ) and first performed on 11 June . They secured a record contract with Capitol Records , but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album . At Capitol 's behest , the band 's name was changed to Crowded House , which alluded to the lack of space at the small Hollywood Hills house they shared during the recording of the album Crowded House . Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track `` Ca n't Carry On '' and was asked to join the band . He toured with them in 1988 , but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments . </P> <H3> Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Crowded House ( album ) and Temple of Low Men Crowded House , San Francisco , April 1987 . L to R : Paul Hester , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour . <P> Thanks to their Split Enz connection , the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase . They began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album , Crowded House , in June 1986 . Capitol Records initially failed to see the band 's potential and gave them only low - key promotion , forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention . The album 's first single , `` Mean to Me '' , reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June . It failed to chart in the US , but moderate American airplay introduced US listeners to the group . </P> <P> A single , `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' , was released in December 1986 and proved an international hit , reaching number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one in Canada . New Zealand radio stations initially gave the song little support until months later when it became successful internationally . Ultimately , the song reached number one on the New Zealand singles chart and number eight in Australia . It remains the group 's most commercially successful song . </P> <P> In March 1987 , the group were awarded `` Best New Talent '' , along with `` Song of the Year '' and `` Best Video '' awards for `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' at the inaugural ARIA Music Awards . The video also earned the group the MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist that year . The song has often been covered by other artists and gave Paul Young a hit single in 1991 . It was also used for a New Zealand Tourism Board advertisement in its `` 100 % Pure New Zealand '' worldwide promotion from October 2005 . In May 2001 , `` Do n't Dream it 's Over '' was voted seventh in a poll of the best Australian songs of all time by the Australasian Performing Rights Ass\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Neil Finn" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2066, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nCrowded House - Wikipedia <H1> Crowded House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the rock group , Crowded House . For their debut album , see Crowded House ( album ) . For the racehorse , see Crowded House ( horse ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House , August 2007 ( L -- R ) Liam Finn , Matt Sherrod , Mark Hart , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> The Mullanes ( 1985 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Melbourne , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> Rock , pop rock , jangle pop , indie rock , alternative rock , new wave ( early work ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1985 ( 1985 ) -- 1996 , 2006 ( 2006 ) -- 2011 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> Capitol , ATO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> Split Enz , Finn Brothers , Tarmac Adam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.crowdedhouse.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> Neil Finn Nick Seymour Mark Hart Matt Sherrod </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Paul Hester Tim Finn Peter Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Crowded House are a rock band formed in Melbourne , Australia , in 1985 . The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn ( vocalist , guitarist , primary songwriter ) and Australians Paul Hester ( drums ) and Nick Seymour ( bass ) . Later band members included Neil Finn 's brother , Tim Finn , and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod . </P> <P> Originally active from 1985 to 1996 , the band had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases , beginning with their self - titled debut album , which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' and `` Something So Strong '' . Further international success came in the UK , Europe and South Africa with their third and fourth albums , Woodface and Together Alone and the compilation album Recurring Dream , which included the hits `` Fall at Your Feet '' , `` Weather with You '' , `` Distant Sun '' , `` Locked Out '' , `` Instinct '' and `` Not the Girl You Think You Are '' . Neil and Tim Finn were each awarded an OBE in June 1993 , for their contribution to the music of New Zealand . </P> <P> Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons , but briefly returned for their `` Farewell to the World '' concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996 . Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim . On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide , aged 46 . In 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums ( in 2007 and 2010 ) , both of which reached number one on Australia 's album chart . As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums . In November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early nineties ( 1991 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Saying farewell ( 1994 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Between farewell and reunion ( 1996 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6 Reunion and Time on Earth ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 1.7 Intriguer and current status ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Style <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Songwriting and musical influences </Li> <Li> 2.2 Album covers , costumes and set design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Members </Li> <Li> 4 Discography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neil Finn ( vocals , guitar , piano ) and drummer Paul Hester ( ex-The Cheks , Deckchairs Overboard ) were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz , which spent part of 1975 -- 6 in Australia and several years in England . Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn , who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals , guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface . Bassist Nick Seymour ( ex-Plays with Marionettes , Bang , The Horla ) is the younger brother of singer - songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors . </P> <H3> Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Split Enz and The Mullanes <P> Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour , `` Enz with a Bang '' , in late 1984 . Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band . The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn , Hester , Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper ( ex-The Reels ) and first performed on 11 June . They secured a record contract with Capitol Records , but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album . At Capitol 's behest , the band 's name was changed to Crowded House , which alluded to the lack of space at the small Hollywood Hills house they shared during the recording of the album Crowded House . Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track `` Ca n't Carry On '' and was asked to join the band . He toured with them in 1988 , but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments . </P> <H3> Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Crowded House ( album ) and Temple of Low Men Crowded House , San Francisco , April 1987 . L to R : Paul Hester , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour . <P> Thanks to their Split Enz connection , the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase . They began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album , Crowded House , in June 1986 . Capitol Records initially failed to see the band 's potential and gave them only low - key promotion , forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention . The album 's first single , `` Mean to Me '' , reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June . It failed to chart in the US , but moderate American airplay introduced US liste\n\nQuestion:\nwho is the lead singer of crowded house\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Neil Finn" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2066, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho is the lead singer of crowded house\n\nDocument:\nCrowded House - Wikipedia <H1> Crowded House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the rock group , Crowded House . For their debut album , see Crowded House ( album ) . For the racehorse , see Crowded House ( horse ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House , August 2007 ( L -- R ) Liam Finn , Matt Sherrod , Mark Hart , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> The Mullanes ( 1985 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Melbourne , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> Rock , pop rock , jangle pop , indie rock , alternative rock , new wave ( early work ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1985 ( 1985 ) -- 1996 , 2006 ( 2006 ) -- 2011 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> Capitol , ATO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> Split Enz , Finn Brothers , Tarmac Adam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.crowdedhouse.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> Neil Finn Nick Seymour Mark Hart Matt Sherrod </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Paul Hester Tim Finn Peter Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Crowded House are a rock band formed in Melbourne , Australia , in 1985 . The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn ( vocalist , guitarist , primary songwriter ) and Australians Paul Hester ( drums ) and Nick Seymour ( bass ) . Later band members included Neil Finn 's brother , Tim Finn , and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod . </P> <P> Originally active from 1985 to 1996 , the band had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases , beginning with their self - titled debut album , which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' and `` Something So Strong '' . Further international success came in the UK , Europe and South Africa with their third and fourth albums , Woodface and Together Alone and the compilation album Recurring Dream , which included the hits `` Fall at Your Feet '' , `` Weather with You '' , `` Distant Sun '' , `` Locked Out '' , `` Instinct '' and `` Not the Girl You Think You Are '' . Neil and Tim Finn were each awarded an OBE in June 1993 , for their contribution to the music of New Zealand . </P> <P> Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons , but briefly returned for their `` Farewell to the World '' concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996 . Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim . On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide , aged 46 . In 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums ( in 2007 and 2010 ) , both of which reached number one on Australia 's album chart . As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums . In November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early nineties ( 1991 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Saying farewell ( 1994 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Between farewell and reunion ( 1996 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6 Reunion and Time on Earth ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 1.7 Intriguer and current status ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Style <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Songwriting and musical influences </Li> <Li> 2.2 Album covers , costumes and set design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Members </Li> <Li> 4 Discography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neil Finn ( vocals , guitar , piano ) and drummer Paul Hester ( ex-The Cheks , Deckchairs Overboard ) were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz , which spent part of 1975 -- 6 in Australia and several years in England . Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn , who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals , guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface . Bassist Nick Seymour ( ex-Plays with Marionettes , Bang , The Horla ) is the younger brother of singer - songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors . </P> <H3> Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Split Enz and The Mullanes <P> Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour , `` Enz with a Bang '' , in late 1984 . Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band . The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn , Hester , Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper ( ex-The Reels ) and first performed on 11 June . They secured a record contract with Capitol Records , but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album . At Capitol 's behest , the band 's name was changed to Crowded House , which alluded to the lack of space at the small Hollywood Hills house they shared during the recording of the album Crowded House . Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track `` Ca n't Carry On '' and was asked to join the band . He toured with them in 1988 , but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments . </P> <H3> Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Crowded House ( album ) and Temple of Low Men Crowded House , San Francisco , April 1987 . L to R : Paul Hester , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour . <P> Thanks to their Split Enz connection , the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase . They began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album , Crowded House , in June 1986 . Capitol Records initially failed to see the band 's potential and gave them only low - key promotion , forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention . The album 's first single , `` Mean to Me '' , reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June . It failed to chart in the US , but moderate American airplay introduced US liste\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Neil Finn" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2066, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nCrowded House - Wikipedia <H1> Crowded House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the rock group , Crowded House . For their debut album , see Crowded House ( album ) . For the racehorse , see Crowded House ( horse ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House , August 2007 ( L -- R ) Liam Finn , Matt Sherrod , Mark Hart , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> The Mullanes ( 1985 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Melbourne , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> Rock , pop rock , jangle pop , indie rock , alternative rock , new wave ( early work ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1985 ( 1985 ) -- 1996 , 2006 ( 2006 ) -- 2011 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> Capitol , ATO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> Split Enz , Finn Brothers , Tarmac Adam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.crowdedhouse.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> Neil Finn Nick Seymour Mark Hart Matt Sherrod </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Paul Hester Tim Finn Peter Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Crowded House are a rock band formed in Melbourne , Australia , in 1985 . The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn ( vocalist , guitarist , primary songwriter ) and Australians Paul Hester ( drums ) and Nick Seymour ( bass ) . Later band members included Neil Finn 's brother , Tim Finn , and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod . </P> <P> Originally active from 1985 to 1996 , the band had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases , beginning with their self - titled debut album , which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' and `` Something So Strong '' . Further international success came in the UK , Europe and South Africa with their third and fourth albums , Woodface and Together Alone and the compilation album Recurring Dream , which included the hits `` Fall at Your Feet '' , `` Weather with You '' , `` Distant Sun '' , `` Locked Out '' , `` Instinct '' and `` Not the Girl You Think You Are '' . Neil and Tim Finn were each awarded an OBE in June 1993 , for their contribution to the music of New Zealand . </P> <P> Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons , but briefly returned for their `` Farewell to the World '' concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996 . Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim . On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide , aged 46 . In 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums ( in 2007 and 2010 ) , both of which reached number one on Australia 's album chart . As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums . In November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early nineties ( 1991 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Saying farewell ( 1994 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Between farewell and reunion ( 1996 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6 Reunion and Time on Earth ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 1.7 Intriguer and current status ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Style <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Songwriting and musical influences </Li> <Li> 2.2 Album covers , costumes and set design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Members </Li> <Li> 4 Discography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neil Finn ( vocals , guitar , piano ) and drummer Paul Hester ( ex-The Cheks , Deckchairs Overboard ) were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz , which spent part of 1975 -- 6 in Australia and several years in England . Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn , who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals , guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface . Bassist Nick Seymour ( ex-Plays with Marionettes , Bang , The Horla ) is the younger brother of singer - songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors . </P> <H3> Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Split Enz and The Mullanes <P> Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour , `` Enz with a Bang '' , in late 1984 . Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band . The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn , Hester , Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper ( ex-The Reels ) and first performed on 11 June . They secured a record contract with Capitol Records , but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album . At Capitol 's behest , the band 's name was changed to Crowded House , which alluded to the lack of space at the small Hollywood Hills house they shared during the recording of the album Crowded House . Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track `` Ca n't Carry On '' and was asked to join the band . He toured with them in 1988 , but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments . </P> <H3> Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Crowded House ( album ) and Temple of Low Men Crowded House , San Francisco , April 1987 . L to R : Paul Hester , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour . <P> Thanks to their Split Enz connection , the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase . They began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album , Crowded House , in June 1986 . Capitol Records initially failed to see the band 's potential and gave them only low - key promotion , forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention . The album 's first single , `` Mean to Me '' , reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June . It failed to chart in the US , but moderate American airplay introduced US liste\n\nQuestion:\nwho is the lead singer of crowded house\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Neil Finn" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2066, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho is the lead singer of crowded house\n\nDocument:\nCrowded House - Wikipedia <H1> Crowded House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the rock group , Crowded House . For their debut album , see Crowded House ( album ) . For the racehorse , see Crowded House ( horse ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Crowded House , August 2007 ( L -- R ) Liam Finn , Matt Sherrod , Mark Hart , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> The Mullanes ( 1985 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Melbourne , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> Rock , pop rock , jangle pop , indie rock , alternative rock , new wave ( early work ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1985 ( 1985 ) -- 1996 , 2006 ( 2006 ) -- 2011 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> Capitol , ATO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> Split Enz , Finn Brothers , Tarmac Adam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.crowdedhouse.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> Neil Finn Nick Seymour Mark Hart Matt Sherrod </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> Paul Hester Tim Finn Peter Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Crowded House are a rock band formed in Melbourne , Australia , in 1985 . The founding members were New Zealander Neil Finn ( vocalist , guitarist , primary songwriter ) and Australians Paul Hester ( drums ) and Nick Seymour ( bass ) . Later band members included Neil Finn 's brother , Tim Finn , and Americans Mark Hart and Matt Sherrod . </P> <P> Originally active from 1985 to 1996 , the band had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases , beginning with their self - titled debut album , which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits `` Do n't Dream It 's Over '' and `` Something So Strong '' . Further international success came in the UK , Europe and South Africa with their third and fourth albums , Woodface and Together Alone and the compilation album Recurring Dream , which included the hits `` Fall at Your Feet '' , `` Weather with You '' , `` Distant Sun '' , `` Locked Out '' , `` Instinct '' and `` Not the Girl You Think You Are '' . Neil and Tim Finn were each awarded an OBE in June 1993 , for their contribution to the music of New Zealand . </P> <P> Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994 citing family reasons , but briefly returned for their `` Farewell to the World '' concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996 . Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim . On 26 March 2005 Hester died by suicide , aged 46 . In 2006 the group re-formed with a new drummer Matt Sherrod and released two further albums ( in 2007 and 2010 ) , both of which reached number one on Australia 's album chart . As of July 2010 the group has sold 10 million albums . In November 2016 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Early nineties ( 1991 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Saying farewell ( 1994 -- 1996 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Between farewell and reunion ( 1996 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 1.6 Reunion and Time on Earth ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 1.7 Intriguer and current status ( 2009 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Style <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Songwriting and musical influences </Li> <Li> 2.2 Album covers , costumes and set design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Members </Li> <Li> 4 Discography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neil Finn ( vocals , guitar , piano ) and drummer Paul Hester ( ex-The Cheks , Deckchairs Overboard ) were former members of New Zealand band Split Enz , which spent part of 1975 -- 6 in Australia and several years in England . Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn , who joined Crowded House in 1990 on vocals , guitars and keyboards for the album Woodface . Bassist Nick Seymour ( ex-Plays with Marionettes , Bang , The Horla ) is the younger brother of singer - songwriter and guitarist Mark Seymour of the now defunct Australian rock group Hunters & Collectors . </P> <H3> Formation and name change ( 1984 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Split Enz and The Mullanes <P> Finn and Hester decided to form a new band during the first Split Enz farewell tour , `` Enz with a Bang '' , in late 1984 . Seymour approached Finn during the after party for the Melbourne show and asked if he could audition for the new band . The Mullanes formed in Melbourne in early 1985 with Finn , Hester , Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper ( ex-The Reels ) and first performed on 11 June . They secured a record contract with Capitol Records , but Hooper left the band before the remaining trio moved to Los Angeles to record their debut album . At Capitol 's behest , the band 's name was changed to Crowded House , which alluded to the lack of space at the small Hollywood Hills house they shared during the recording of the album Crowded House . Former Split Enz keyboardist Eddie Rayner produced the track `` Ca n't Carry On '' and was asked to join the band . He toured with them in 1988 , but was unable to become a full member due to family commitments . </P> <H3> Early albums ( 1986 -- 1990 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Crowded House ( album ) and Temple of Low Men Crowded House , San Francisco , April 1987 . L to R : Paul Hester , Neil Finn , Nick Seymour . <P> Thanks to their Split Enz connection , the newly formed Crowded House had an established Australasian fanbase . They began by playing at festivals in Australia and New Zealand and released their debut album , Crowded House , in June 1986 . Capitol Records initially failed to see the band 's potential and gave them only low - key promotion , forcing the band to play at small venues to try and gain attention . The album 's first single , `` Mean to Me '' , reached the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart top 30 in June . It failed to chart in the US , but moderate American airplay introduced US liste\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Neil Finn" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1812, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nicht under charges of being the site 's pseudonymous founder `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' . On 6 November 2013 , Silk Road 2.0 came online , run by former administrators of Silk Road . It too was shut down , and the alleged operator was arrested on 6 November 2014 as part of the so - called `` Operation Onymous '' . </P> <P> Ulbricht was convicted of eight charges related to Silk Road in U.S. Federal Court in Manhattan and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Operations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products </Li> <Li> 3 Sales </Li> <Li> 4 Similar sites </Li> <Li> 5 Book Club </Li> <Li> 6 Direct successors <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Silk Road 2.0 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Advocates of Deepweb Drug Sales </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Further reading </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Operations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Silk Road was founded in February 2011 . The name `` Silk Road '' comes from a historical network of trade routes started during the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) between Europe , India , China , and many other countries on the Afro - Eurasian landmass . Silk Road was operated by the pseudonymous `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( named after the fictional character from The Princess Bride ) , who was known for espousing libertarian ideals and criticizing regulation . Two other individuals were also closely involved in the site 's growth and success , known as Variety Jones and Smedley . </P> <P> Henry Farrell , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University , analyzed Silk Road in an essay for Aeon in 2015 . He noted that Ulbricht created the marketplace to function without government oversight but found it difficult to verify anonymous transactions . To sustain a steady stream of revenue , he started increasing oversight to ensure low transaction costs . To do this , he added measures to ensure trustworthiness with implementation of an automated escrow payment system and automated review system . </P> <P> In June 2011 , Gawker published an article about the site which led to `` Internet buzz '' and an increase in website traffic . Once the site was known publicly , U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked federal law enforcement authorities to shut it down , including the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) and Department of Justice . </P> <P> In February 2013 , an Australian cocaine and MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) dealer became the first person to be convicted of crimes directly related to Silk Road , after authorities intercepted drugs that he was importing through the mail , searched his premises , and discovered his Silk Road alias in an image file on his personal computer . Australian police and the DEA have targeted Silk Road users and made arrests , albeit with limited success at reaching convictions . In December 2013 , a New Zealand man was sentenced to two years and four months in jail after being convicted of importing 15 grams of methamphetamine that he had bought on Silk Road . </P> <P> In May 2013 , Silk Road was taken down for a short period of time by a sustained DDoS attack . On 23 June 2013 , it was first reported that the DEA seized 11.02 bitcoins , then worth $814 , which the media suspected was a result of a Silk Road honeypot sting . </P> <P> The FBI has claimed that the real IP address of the Silk Road server was found via data leaked directly from the site 's CAPTCHA , but security researchers believe that the PHP login page was manipulated to output its $ _SERVER variable and real IP following site maintenance reconfiguration . </P> <H3> Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht ( edit ) </H3> Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI Impact of the seizure on the USD / Bitcoin exchange rate <P> Thanks in part to off - duty research conducted by FBI tax agent Gary Alford , Ross Ulbricht was alleged by the FBI to be the founder and owner of Silk Road and the person behind the pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( DPR ) . He was arrested on 2 October 2013 in San Francisco at 3 : 15 p.m. PST in Glen Park Library , a branch of the San Francisco Public Library . </P> <P> Ulbricht was indicted on charges of money laundering , computer hacking , conspiracy to traffic narcotics , and attempting to have six people killed . Prosecutors alleged that Ulbricht paid $730,000 to others to commit the murders , although none of the murders actually occurred . Ulbricht ultimately was not prosecuted for any of the alleged murder attempts . </P> <P> The FBI initially seized 26,000 bitcoins from accounts on Silk Road , worth approximately $3.6 million at the time . An FBI spokesperson said that the agency would hold the bitcoins until Ulbricht 's trial finished , after which the bitcoins would be liquidated . In October 2013 , the FBI reported that it had seized 144,000 bitcoins , worth $28.5 million , and that the bitcoins belonged to Ulbricht . On 27 June 2014 , the U.S. Marshals Service sold 29,657 bitcoins in 10 blocks in an online auction , estimated to be worth $18 million at current rates and only about a quarter of the seized bitcoins . Another 144,342 bitcoins were kept which had been found on Ulbricht 's computer , roughly $87 million . Tim Draper bought the bitcoins at the auction with an estimated worth of $17 million , to lend them to a bitcoin start - up called Vaurum which is working in developing economies of emerging markets . </P> <P> Ulbricht 's trial began on 13 January 2015 in Federal Court in Manhattan . At the start of the trial , Ulbricht admitted to founding the Silk Road website , but claimed to have transferred control of the site to other people soon after he founded it . Ulbricht 's lawyers contended that Dread Pirate Roberts was really Mark Karpelès , and that Karpelès set up Ulbricht as a fall guy . However , Judge Katherine B. Forrest ruled that any speculative statements regarding whether Karpelès or anyone else ran Silk Road would not be allowed , and statements already\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the silk road end deep web\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "6 November 2014" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1812, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the silk road end deep web\n\nDocument:\nicht under charges of being the site 's pseudonymous founder `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' . On 6 November 2013 , Silk Road 2.0 came online , run by former administrators of Silk Road . It too was shut down , and the alleged operator was arrested on 6 November 2014 as part of the so - called `` Operation Onymous '' . </P> <P> Ulbricht was convicted of eight charges related to Silk Road in U.S. Federal Court in Manhattan and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Operations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products </Li> <Li> 3 Sales </Li> <Li> 4 Similar sites </Li> <Li> 5 Book Club </Li> <Li> 6 Direct successors <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Silk Road 2.0 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Advocates of Deepweb Drug Sales </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Further reading </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Operations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Silk Road was founded in February 2011 . The name `` Silk Road '' comes from a historical network of trade routes started during the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) between Europe , India , China , and many other countries on the Afro - Eurasian landmass . Silk Road was operated by the pseudonymous `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( named after the fictional character from The Princess Bride ) , who was known for espousing libertarian ideals and criticizing regulation . Two other individuals were also closely involved in the site 's growth and success , known as Variety Jones and Smedley . </P> <P> Henry Farrell , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University , analyzed Silk Road in an essay for Aeon in 2015 . He noted that Ulbricht created the marketplace to function without government oversight but found it difficult to verify anonymous transactions . To sustain a steady stream of revenue , he started increasing oversight to ensure low transaction costs . To do this , he added measures to ensure trustworthiness with implementation of an automated escrow payment system and automated review system . </P> <P> In June 2011 , Gawker published an article about the site which led to `` Internet buzz '' and an increase in website traffic . Once the site was known publicly , U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked federal law enforcement authorities to shut it down , including the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) and Department of Justice . </P> <P> In February 2013 , an Australian cocaine and MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) dealer became the first person to be convicted of crimes directly related to Silk Road , after authorities intercepted drugs that he was importing through the mail , searched his premises , and discovered his Silk Road alias in an image file on his personal computer . Australian police and the DEA have targeted Silk Road users and made arrests , albeit with limited success at reaching convictions . In December 2013 , a New Zealand man was sentenced to two years and four months in jail after being convicted of importing 15 grams of methamphetamine that he had bought on Silk Road . </P> <P> In May 2013 , Silk Road was taken down for a short period of time by a sustained DDoS attack . On 23 June 2013 , it was first reported that the DEA seized 11.02 bitcoins , then worth $814 , which the media suspected was a result of a Silk Road honeypot sting . </P> <P> The FBI has claimed that the real IP address of the Silk Road server was found via data leaked directly from the site 's CAPTCHA , but security researchers believe that the PHP login page was manipulated to output its $ _SERVER variable and real IP following site maintenance reconfiguration . </P> <H3> Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht ( edit ) </H3> Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI Impact of the seizure on the USD / Bitcoin exchange rate <P> Thanks in part to off - duty research conducted by FBI tax agent Gary Alford , Ross Ulbricht was alleged by the FBI to be the founder and owner of Silk Road and the person behind the pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( DPR ) . He was arrested on 2 October 2013 in San Francisco at 3 : 15 p.m. PST in Glen Park Library , a branch of the San Francisco Public Library . </P> <P> Ulbricht was indicted on charges of money laundering , computer hacking , conspiracy to traffic narcotics , and attempting to have six people killed . Prosecutors alleged that Ulbricht paid $730,000 to others to commit the murders , although none of the murders actually occurred . Ulbricht ultimately was not prosecuted for any of the alleged murder attempts . </P> <P> The FBI initially seized 26,000 bitcoins from accounts on Silk Road , worth approximately $3.6 million at the time . An FBI spokesperson said that the agency would hold the bitcoins until Ulbricht 's trial finished , after which the bitcoins would be liquidated . In October 2013 , the FBI reported that it had seized 144,000 bitcoins , worth $28.5 million , and that the bitcoins belonged to Ulbricht . On 27 June 2014 , the U.S. Marshals Service sold 29,657 bitcoins in 10 blocks in an online auction , estimated to be worth $18 million at current rates and only about a quarter of the seized bitcoins . Another 144,342 bitcoins were kept which had been found on Ulbricht 's computer , roughly $87 million . Tim Draper bought the bitcoins at the auction with an estimated worth of $17 million , to lend them to a bitcoin start - up called Vaurum which is working in developing economies of emerging markets . </P> <P> Ulbricht 's trial began on 13 January 2015 in Federal Court in Manhattan . At the start of the trial , Ulbricht admitted to founding the Silk Road website , but claimed to have transferred control of the site to other people soon after he founded it . Ulbricht 's lawyers contended that Dread Pirate Roberts was really Mark Karpelès , and that Karpelès set up Ulbricht as a fall guy . However , Judge Katherine B. Forrest ruled that any speculative statements regarding whether Karpelès or anyone else ran Silk Road would not be allowed , and statements already\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "6 November 2014" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1902, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSilk Road ( marketplace ) - wikipedia <H1> Silk Road ( marketplace ) </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 22 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search For the historical trade routes , see Silk Road . <Table> Silk Road <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Item description page </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of site </Th> <Td> Online market </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Ross William Ulbricht ( pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> silkroad6ownowfk. onion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commercial </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Registration </Th> <Td> Required </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> February 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current status </Th> <Td> Shut down by the FBI in October 2013 . Silk Road 2.0 shut down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014 . Silk Road 3.0 came offline in 2017 due to loss of funds . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market , best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs . As part of the dark web , it was operated as a Tor hidden service , such that online users were able to browse it anonymously and securely without potential traffic monitoring . The website was launched in February 2011 ; development had begun six months prior . Initially there were a limited number of new seller accounts available ; new sellers had to purchase an account in an auction . Later , a fixed fee was charged for each new seller account . </P> <P> In October 2013 , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) shut down the website and arrested Ross William Ulbricht under charges of being the site 's pseudonymous founder `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' . On 6 November 2013 , Silk Road 2.0 came online , run by former administrators of Silk Road . It too was shut down , and the alleged operator was arrested on 6 November 2014 as part of the so - called `` Operation Onymous '' . </P> <P> Ulbricht was convicted of eight charges related to Silk Road in U.S. Federal Court in Manhattan and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Operations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products </Li> <Li> 3 Sales </Li> <Li> 4 Similar sites </Li> <Li> 5 Book Club </Li> <Li> 6 Direct successors <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Silk Road 2.0 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Advocates of Deepweb Drug Sales </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Further reading </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Operations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Silk Road was founded in February 2011 . The name `` Silk Road '' comes from a historical network of trade routes started during the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) between Europe , India , China , and many other countries on the Afro - Eurasian landmass . Silk Road was operated by the pseudonymous `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( named after the fictional character from The Princess Bride ) , who was known for espousing libertarian ideals and criticizing regulation . Two other individuals were also closely involved in the site 's growth and success , known as Variety Jones and Smedley . </P> <P> Henry Farrell , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University , analyzed Silk Road in an essay for Aeon in 2015 . He noted that Ulbricht created the marketplace to function without government oversight but found it difficult to verify anonymous transactions . To sustain a steady stream of revenue , he started increasing oversight to ensure low transaction costs . To do this , he added measures to ensure trustworthiness with implementation of an automated escrow payment system and automated review system . </P> <P> In June 2011 , Gawker published an article about the site which led to `` Internet buzz '' and an increase in website traffic . Once the site was known publicly , U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked federal law enforcement authorities to shut it down , including the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) and Department of Justice . </P> <P> In February 2013 , an Australian cocaine and MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) dealer became the first person to be convicted of crimes directly related to Silk Road , after authorities intercepted drugs that he was importing through the mail , searched his premises , and discovered his Silk Road alias in an image file on his personal computer . Australian police and the DEA have targeted Silk Road users and made arrests , albeit with limited success at reaching convictions . In December 2013 , a New Zealand man was sentenced to two years and four months in jail after being convicted of importing 15 grams of methamphetamine that he had bought on Silk Road . </P> <P> In May 2013 , Silk Road was taken down for a short period of time by a sustained DDoS attack . On 23 June 2013 , it was first reported that the DEA seized 11.02 bitcoins , then worth $814 , which the media suspected was a result of a Silk Road honeypot sting . </P> <P> The FBI has claimed that the real IP address of the Silk Road server was found via data leaked directly from the site 's CAPTCHA , but security researchers believe that the PHP login page was manipulated to output its $ _SERVER variable and real IP following site maintenance reconfiguration . </P> <H3> Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht ( edit ) </H3> Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI Impact of the seizure on the USD / Bitcoin exchange rate <P> Thanks in part to off - duty research conducted by FBI tax agent Gary Alford , Ross Ulbricht was alleged by the FBI to be the founder and owner of Silk Road and the person behind the pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( DPR ) . He was arrested on 2 October 2013 in San Francisco at 3 : 15 p.m. PST in Glen Park Library , a branch of the San Francisco Public Library . </P> <P> Ulbricht was indicted on charges of money laundering , computer hacking , conspiracy to traffic narcotics , and attempting to have six people killed . Pro\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the silk road end deep web\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "6 November 2014" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1902, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the silk road end deep web\n\nDocument:\nSilk Road ( marketplace ) - wikipedia <H1> Silk Road ( marketplace ) </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 22 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search For the historical trade routes , see Silk Road . <Table> Silk Road <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Item description page </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of site </Th> <Td> Online market </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Ross William Ulbricht ( pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> silkroad6ownowfk. onion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commercial </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Registration </Th> <Td> Required </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> February 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current status </Th> <Td> Shut down by the FBI in October 2013 . Silk Road 2.0 shut down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014 . Silk Road 3.0 came offline in 2017 due to loss of funds . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market , best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs . As part of the dark web , it was operated as a Tor hidden service , such that online users were able to browse it anonymously and securely without potential traffic monitoring . The website was launched in February 2011 ; development had begun six months prior . Initially there were a limited number of new seller accounts available ; new sellers had to purchase an account in an auction . Later , a fixed fee was charged for each new seller account . </P> <P> In October 2013 , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) shut down the website and arrested Ross William Ulbricht under charges of being the site 's pseudonymous founder `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' . On 6 November 2013 , Silk Road 2.0 came online , run by former administrators of Silk Road . It too was shut down , and the alleged operator was arrested on 6 November 2014 as part of the so - called `` Operation Onymous '' . </P> <P> Ulbricht was convicted of eight charges related to Silk Road in U.S. Federal Court in Manhattan and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Operations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products </Li> <Li> 3 Sales </Li> <Li> 4 Similar sites </Li> <Li> 5 Book Club </Li> <Li> 6 Direct successors <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Silk Road 2.0 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Advocates of Deepweb Drug Sales </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Further reading </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Operations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Silk Road was founded in February 2011 . The name `` Silk Road '' comes from a historical network of trade routes started during the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) between Europe , India , China , and many other countries on the Afro - Eurasian landmass . Silk Road was operated by the pseudonymous `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( named after the fictional character from The Princess Bride ) , who was known for espousing libertarian ideals and criticizing regulation . Two other individuals were also closely involved in the site 's growth and success , known as Variety Jones and Smedley . </P> <P> Henry Farrell , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University , analyzed Silk Road in an essay for Aeon in 2015 . He noted that Ulbricht created the marketplace to function without government oversight but found it difficult to verify anonymous transactions . To sustain a steady stream of revenue , he started increasing oversight to ensure low transaction costs . To do this , he added measures to ensure trustworthiness with implementation of an automated escrow payment system and automated review system . </P> <P> In June 2011 , Gawker published an article about the site which led to `` Internet buzz '' and an increase in website traffic . Once the site was known publicly , U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked federal law enforcement authorities to shut it down , including the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) and Department of Justice . </P> <P> In February 2013 , an Australian cocaine and MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) dealer became the first person to be convicted of crimes directly related to Silk Road , after authorities intercepted drugs that he was importing through the mail , searched his premises , and discovered his Silk Road alias in an image file on his personal computer . Australian police and the DEA have targeted Silk Road users and made arrests , albeit with limited success at reaching convictions . In December 2013 , a New Zealand man was sentenced to two years and four months in jail after being convicted of importing 15 grams of methamphetamine that he had bought on Silk Road . </P> <P> In May 2013 , Silk Road was taken down for a short period of time by a sustained DDoS attack . On 23 June 2013 , it was first reported that the DEA seized 11.02 bitcoins , then worth $814 , which the media suspected was a result of a Silk Road honeypot sting . </P> <P> The FBI has claimed that the real IP address of the Silk Road server was found via data leaked directly from the site 's CAPTCHA , but security researchers believe that the PHP login page was manipulated to output its $ _SERVER variable and real IP following site maintenance reconfiguration . </P> <H3> Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht ( edit ) </H3> Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI Impact of the seizure on the USD / Bitcoin exchange rate <P> Thanks in part to off - duty research conducted by FBI tax agent Gary Alford , Ross Ulbricht was alleged by the FBI to be the founder and owner of Silk Road and the person behind the pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( DPR ) . He was arrested on 2 October 2013 in San Francisco at 3 : 15 p.m. PST in Glen Park Library , a branch of the San Francisco Public Library . </P> <P> Ulbricht was indicted on charges of money laundering , computer hacking , conspiracy to traffic narcotics , and attempting to have six people killed . Pro\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "6 November 2014" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1902, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSilk Road ( marketplace ) - wikipedia <H1> Silk Road ( marketplace ) </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 22 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search For the historical trade routes , see Silk Road . <Table> Silk Road <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Item description page </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of site </Th> <Td> Online market </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Ross William Ulbricht ( pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> silkroad6ownowfk. onion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commercial </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Registration </Th> <Td> Required </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> February 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current status </Th> <Td> Shut down by the FBI in October 2013 . Silk Road 2.0 shut down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014 . Silk Road 3.0 came offline in 2017 due to loss of funds . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market , best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs . As part of the dark web , it was operated as a Tor hidden service , such that online users were able to browse it anonymously and securely without potential traffic monitoring . The website was launched in February 2011 ; development had begun six months prior . Initially there were a limited number of new seller accounts available ; new sellers had to purchase an account in an auction . Later , a fixed fee was charged for each new seller account . </P> <P> In October 2013 , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) shut down the website and arrested Ross William Ulbricht under charges of being the site 's pseudonymous founder `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' . On 6 November 2013 , Silk Road 2.0 came online , run by former administrators of Silk Road . It too was shut down , and the alleged operator was arrested on 6 November 2014 as part of the so - called `` Operation Onymous '' . </P> <P> Ulbricht was convicted of eight charges related to Silk Road in U.S. Federal Court in Manhattan and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Operations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products </Li> <Li> 3 Sales </Li> <Li> 4 Similar sites </Li> <Li> 5 Book Club </Li> <Li> 6 Direct successors <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Silk Road 2.0 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Advocates of Deepweb Drug Sales </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Further reading </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Operations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Silk Road was founded in February 2011 . The name `` Silk Road '' comes from a historical network of trade routes started during the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) between Europe , India , China , and many other countries on the Afro - Eurasian landmass . Silk Road was operated by the pseudonymous `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( named after the fictional character from The Princess Bride ) , who was known for espousing libertarian ideals and criticizing regulation . Two other individuals were also closely involved in the site 's growth and success , known as Variety Jones and Smedley . </P> <P> Henry Farrell , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University , analyzed Silk Road in an essay for Aeon in 2015 . He noted that Ulbricht created the marketplace to function without government oversight but found it difficult to verify anonymous transactions . To sustain a steady stream of revenue , he started increasing oversight to ensure low transaction costs . To do this , he added measures to ensure trustworthiness with implementation of an automated escrow payment system and automated review system . </P> <P> In June 2011 , Gawker published an article about the site which led to `` Internet buzz '' and an increase in website traffic . Once the site was known publicly , U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked federal law enforcement authorities to shut it down , including the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) and Department of Justice . </P> <P> In February 2013 , an Australian cocaine and MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) dealer became the first person to be convicted of crimes directly related to Silk Road , after authorities intercepted drugs that he was importing through the mail , searched his premises , and discovered his Silk Road alias in an image file on his personal computer . Australian police and the DEA have targeted Silk Road users and made arrests , albeit with limited success at reaching convictions . In December 2013 , a New Zealand man was sentenced to two years and four months in jail after being convicted of importing 15 grams of methamphetamine that he had bought on Silk Road . </P> <P> In May 2013 , Silk Road was taken down for a short period of time by a sustained DDoS attack . On 23 June 2013 , it was first reported that the DEA seized 11.02 bitcoins , then worth $814 , which the media suspected was a result of a Silk Road honeypot sting . </P> <P> The FBI has claimed that the real IP address of the Silk Road server was found via data leaked directly from the site 's CAPTCHA , but security researchers believe that the PHP login page was manipulated to output its $ _SERVER variable and real IP following site maintenance reconfiguration . </P> <H3> Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht ( edit ) </H3> Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI Impact of the seizure on the USD / Bitcoin exchange rate <P> Thanks in part to off - duty research conducted by FBI tax agent Gary Alford , Ross Ulbricht was alleged by the FBI to be the founder and owner of Silk Road and the person behind the pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( DPR ) . He was arrested on 2 October 2013 in San Francisco at 3 : 15 p.m. PST in Glen Park Library , a branch of the San Francisco Public Library . </P> <P> Ulbricht was indicted on charges of money laundering , computer hacking , conspiracy to traffic narcotics , and attempting to have six people killed . Pro\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the silk road end deep web\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "6 November 2014" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1902, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhen did the silk road end deep web\n\nDocument:\nSilk Road ( marketplace ) - wikipedia <H1> Silk Road ( marketplace ) </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 22 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search For the historical trade routes , see Silk Road . <Table> Silk Road <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Item description page </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of site </Th> <Td> Online market </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Ross William Ulbricht ( pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> silkroad6ownowfk. onion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commercial </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Registration </Th> <Td> Required </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> February 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current status </Th> <Td> Shut down by the FBI in October 2013 . Silk Road 2.0 shut down by FBI and Europol on 6 November 2014 . Silk Road 3.0 came offline in 2017 due to loss of funds . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market , best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs . As part of the dark web , it was operated as a Tor hidden service , such that online users were able to browse it anonymously and securely without potential traffic monitoring . The website was launched in February 2011 ; development had begun six months prior . Initially there were a limited number of new seller accounts available ; new sellers had to purchase an account in an auction . Later , a fixed fee was charged for each new seller account . </P> <P> In October 2013 , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) shut down the website and arrested Ross William Ulbricht under charges of being the site 's pseudonymous founder `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' . On 6 November 2013 , Silk Road 2.0 came online , run by former administrators of Silk Road . It too was shut down , and the alleged operator was arrested on 6 November 2014 as part of the so - called `` Operation Onymous '' . </P> <P> Ulbricht was convicted of eight charges related to Silk Road in U.S. Federal Court in Manhattan and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Operations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products </Li> <Li> 3 Sales </Li> <Li> 4 Similar sites </Li> <Li> 5 Book Club </Li> <Li> 6 Direct successors <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Silk Road 2.0 </Li> <Li> 6.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Advocates of Deepweb Drug Sales </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Further reading </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Operations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Silk Road was founded in February 2011 . The name `` Silk Road '' comes from a historical network of trade routes started during the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) between Europe , India , China , and many other countries on the Afro - Eurasian landmass . Silk Road was operated by the pseudonymous `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( named after the fictional character from The Princess Bride ) , who was known for espousing libertarian ideals and criticizing regulation . Two other individuals were also closely involved in the site 's growth and success , known as Variety Jones and Smedley . </P> <P> Henry Farrell , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University , analyzed Silk Road in an essay for Aeon in 2015 . He noted that Ulbricht created the marketplace to function without government oversight but found it difficult to verify anonymous transactions . To sustain a steady stream of revenue , he started increasing oversight to ensure low transaction costs . To do this , he added measures to ensure trustworthiness with implementation of an automated escrow payment system and automated review system . </P> <P> In June 2011 , Gawker published an article about the site which led to `` Internet buzz '' and an increase in website traffic . Once the site was known publicly , U.S. Senator Charles Schumer asked federal law enforcement authorities to shut it down , including the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) and Department of Justice . </P> <P> In February 2013 , an Australian cocaine and MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) dealer became the first person to be convicted of crimes directly related to Silk Road , after authorities intercepted drugs that he was importing through the mail , searched his premises , and discovered his Silk Road alias in an image file on his personal computer . Australian police and the DEA have targeted Silk Road users and made arrests , albeit with limited success at reaching convictions . In December 2013 , a New Zealand man was sentenced to two years and four months in jail after being convicted of importing 15 grams of methamphetamine that he had bought on Silk Road . </P> <P> In May 2013 , Silk Road was taken down for a short period of time by a sustained DDoS attack . On 23 June 2013 , it was first reported that the DEA seized 11.02 bitcoins , then worth $814 , which the media suspected was a result of a Silk Road honeypot sting . </P> <P> The FBI has claimed that the real IP address of the Silk Road server was found via data leaked directly from the site 's CAPTCHA , but security researchers believe that the PHP login page was manipulated to output its $ _SERVER variable and real IP following site maintenance reconfiguration . </P> <H3> Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht ( edit ) </H3> Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI Impact of the seizure on the USD / Bitcoin exchange rate <P> Thanks in part to off - duty research conducted by FBI tax agent Gary Alford , Ross Ulbricht was alleged by the FBI to be the founder and owner of Silk Road and the person behind the pseudonym `` Dread Pirate Roberts '' ( DPR ) . He was arrested on 2 October 2013 in San Francisco at 3 : 15 p.m. PST in Glen Park Library , a branch of the San Francisco Public Library . </P> <P> Ulbricht was indicted on charges of money laundering , computer hacking , conspiracy to traffic narcotics , and attempting to have six people killed . Pro\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "6 November 2014" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1665, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nStates , during the War of 1812 . On August 24 , 1814 , after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg , a British force led by Major General Robert Ross occupied Washington and set fire to many public buildings , including the White House ( known as the Presidential Mansion ) , and the Capitol , as well as other facilities of the U.S. government . The attack was in part a retaliation for the recent American destruction of Port Dover in Upper Canada . It marks the only time in U.S. history that Washington , D.C. has been occupied by a foreign force . </P> <P> President James Madison , military officials , and his government fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg . They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville , a small town in Montgomery County , Maryland , which is known today as the `` United States Capital for a Day . '' President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley , a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville . Bentley 's house , known today as the Madison House , still stands in Brookeville . </P> <P> Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans were able to regain control of the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Reasons for the attack </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> 4 White House </Li> <Li> 5 Other Washington properties </Li> <Li> 6 `` The Storm that Saved Washington '' </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Reasons for the attack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The British government , already at war with Napoleonic France , adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812 . Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada . However , after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814 , Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States . In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada , the Earl of Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda , from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war . It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada . The commanders were under strict orders , however , not to carry out operations far inland , or to attempt to hold territory . Early in 1814 , Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Navy 's North America and West Indies Station , controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war . He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans . </P> <P> Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year . On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak , and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack . Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore , Washington and Philadelphia . On July 17 , Cockburn recommended Washington as the target , because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and `` the greater political effect likely to result '' . General Ross commanded a 4,500 - man army , composed of the 4th ( King 's Own ) Light , 21st Royal North British Fusiliers , 44th ( East Essex ) Regiment of Foot , and 85th Regiment of Foot . </P> <P> An added motive was retaliation for what Britain saw as the `` wanton destruction of private property along the north shores of Lake Erie '' by American forces under Col. John Campbell in May 1814 , the most notable being the Raid on Port Dover . On June 2 , 1814 , Sir George Prévost , Governor General of The Canadas , wrote to Cochrane at Admiralty House , in Bailey 's Bay , Bermuda , calling for a retaliation against the American destruction of private property in violation of the laws of war . Prévost argued that , </P> <P> ... in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie , in order that if the war with the United States continues you may , should you judge it advisable , assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages . </P> Admiralty House , Mount Wyndham , Bermuda , where the attack was planned <P> On July 18 , Cochrane ordered Cockburn that to `` deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages ... You are hereby required and directed to destroy and lay waste such towns and districts as you may find assailable '' . Cochrane instructed , `` You will spare merely the lives of the unarmed inhabitants of the United States '' . Ross and Cockburn surveyed the torching of the President 's Mansion , during which time a great storm arose unexpectedly out of the southeast . They were confronted a number of times while on horseback by older women from around Washington City and elderly clergymen ( Southern Presbyterian and Southern Baptist ) , with women and children who had been hiding in homes and churches . They requested protection from abuse and robbery by enlisted personnel from the British Expeditionary Forces whom they accused of having tried to ransack private homes and other buildings . Major - General Ross \n\nQuestion:\nwho burned down the white house in the war of 1812\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "British" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1665, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho burned down the white house in the war of 1812\n\nDocument:\nStates , during the War of 1812 . On August 24 , 1814 , after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg , a British force led by Major General Robert Ross occupied Washington and set fire to many public buildings , including the White House ( known as the Presidential Mansion ) , and the Capitol , as well as other facilities of the U.S. government . The attack was in part a retaliation for the recent American destruction of Port Dover in Upper Canada . It marks the only time in U.S. history that Washington , D.C. has been occupied by a foreign force . </P> <P> President James Madison , military officials , and his government fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg . They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville , a small town in Montgomery County , Maryland , which is known today as the `` United States Capital for a Day . '' President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley , a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville . Bentley 's house , known today as the Madison House , still stands in Brookeville . </P> <P> Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans were able to regain control of the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Reasons for the attack </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> 4 White House </Li> <Li> 5 Other Washington properties </Li> <Li> 6 `` The Storm that Saved Washington '' </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Reasons for the attack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The British government , already at war with Napoleonic France , adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812 . Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada . However , after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814 , Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States . In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada , the Earl of Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda , from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war . It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada . The commanders were under strict orders , however , not to carry out operations far inland , or to attempt to hold territory . Early in 1814 , Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Navy 's North America and West Indies Station , controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war . He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans . </P> <P> Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year . On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak , and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack . Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore , Washington and Philadelphia . On July 17 , Cockburn recommended Washington as the target , because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and `` the greater political effect likely to result '' . General Ross commanded a 4,500 - man army , composed of the 4th ( King 's Own ) Light , 21st Royal North British Fusiliers , 44th ( East Essex ) Regiment of Foot , and 85th Regiment of Foot . </P> <P> An added motive was retaliation for what Britain saw as the `` wanton destruction of private property along the north shores of Lake Erie '' by American forces under Col. John Campbell in May 1814 , the most notable being the Raid on Port Dover . On June 2 , 1814 , Sir George Prévost , Governor General of The Canadas , wrote to Cochrane at Admiralty House , in Bailey 's Bay , Bermuda , calling for a retaliation against the American destruction of private property in violation of the laws of war . Prévost argued that , </P> <P> ... in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie , in order that if the war with the United States continues you may , should you judge it advisable , assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages . </P> Admiralty House , Mount Wyndham , Bermuda , where the attack was planned <P> On July 18 , Cochrane ordered Cockburn that to `` deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages ... You are hereby required and directed to destroy and lay waste such towns and districts as you may find assailable '' . Cochrane instructed , `` You will spare merely the lives of the unarmed inhabitants of the United States '' . Ross and Cockburn surveyed the torching of the President 's Mansion , during which time a great storm arose unexpectedly out of the southeast . They were confronted a number of times while on horseback by older women from around Washington City and elderly clergymen ( Southern Presbyterian and Southern Baptist ) , with women and children who had been hiding in homes and churches . They requested protection from abuse and robbery by enlisted personnel from the British Expeditionary Forces whom they accused of having tried to ransack private homes and other buildings . Major - General Ross \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "British" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1964, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nBurning of Washington - wikipedia <H1> Burning of Washington </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Burning of Washington </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Part of the War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg , the British entered Washington D.C. and burned many U.S. government and military buildings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> August 24 , 1814 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Washington , D.C. , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> British victory </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Ross George Cockburn </Td> <Td> James Madison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4,250 </Td> <Td> 7,640 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 killed , 3 wounded ( Colonial Marines ) 3 unknown wounded </Td> <Td> City of Washington attacked by British forces Many government buildings set ablaze Destruction of the 36 - gun frigate USS New York . 44 - gun firgate USS Columbia and 22 - gun sloop USS Argus burnt to avoid capture . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Chesapeake campaign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Havre de Grace </Li> <Li> Craney Island </Li> <Li> St. Michaels </Li> <Li> Chesapeake Bay Flotilla </Li> <Li> Bladensburg </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> Alexandria </Li> <Li> Caulk 's Field </Li> <Li> North Point </Li> <Li> Baltimore </Li> <Li> Farnham Church </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Burning of Washington was a British attack against Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , during the War of 1812 . On August 24 , 1814 , after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg , a British force led by Major General Robert Ross occupied Washington and set fire to many public buildings , including the White House ( known as the Presidential Mansion ) , and the Capitol , as well as other facilities of the U.S. government . The attack was in part a retaliation for the recent American destruction of Port Dover in Upper Canada . It marks the only time in U.S. history that Washington , D.C. has been occupied by a foreign force . </P> <P> President James Madison , military officials , and his government fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg . They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville , a small town in Montgomery County , Maryland , which is known today as the `` United States Capital for a Day . '' President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley , a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville . Bentley 's house , known today as the Madison House , still stands in Brookeville . </P> <P> Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans were able to regain control of the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Reasons for the attack </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> 4 White House </Li> <Li> 5 Other Washington properties </Li> <Li> 6 `` The Storm that Saved Washington '' </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Reasons for the attack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The British government , already at war with Napoleonic France , adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812 . Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada . However , after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814 , Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States . In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada , the Earl of Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda , from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war . It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada . The commanders were under strict orders , however , not to carry out operations far inland , or to attempt to hold territory . Early in 1814 , Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Navy 's North America and West Indies Station , controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war . He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans . </P> <P> Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year . On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak , and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack . Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore , Washington and Philadelphia . On July 17 , Cockburn recommended Washington as the target , because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and `` the greater political effect likely to result '' . General Ross commanded a 4,500 - man army , composed of the 4th ( King 's Own ) Light , 21st Royal North British Fusiliers , 44th ( East Essex ) Regiment of \n\nQuestion:\nwho burned down the white house in the war of 1812\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "British" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1964, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho burned down the white house in the war of 1812\n\nDocument:\nBurning of Washington - wikipedia <H1> Burning of Washington </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Burning of Washington </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Part of the War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg , the British entered Washington D.C. and burned many U.S. government and military buildings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> August 24 , 1814 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Washington , D.C. , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> British victory </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Ross George Cockburn </Td> <Td> James Madison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4,250 </Td> <Td> 7,640 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 killed , 3 wounded ( Colonial Marines ) 3 unknown wounded </Td> <Td> City of Washington attacked by British forces Many government buildings set ablaze Destruction of the 36 - gun frigate USS New York . 44 - gun firgate USS Columbia and 22 - gun sloop USS Argus burnt to avoid capture . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Chesapeake campaign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Havre de Grace </Li> <Li> Craney Island </Li> <Li> St. Michaels </Li> <Li> Chesapeake Bay Flotilla </Li> <Li> Bladensburg </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> Alexandria </Li> <Li> Caulk 's Field </Li> <Li> North Point </Li> <Li> Baltimore </Li> <Li> Farnham Church </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Burning of Washington was a British attack against Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , during the War of 1812 . On August 24 , 1814 , after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg , a British force led by Major General Robert Ross occupied Washington and set fire to many public buildings , including the White House ( known as the Presidential Mansion ) , and the Capitol , as well as other facilities of the U.S. government . The attack was in part a retaliation for the recent American destruction of Port Dover in Upper Canada . It marks the only time in U.S. history that Washington , D.C. has been occupied by a foreign force . </P> <P> President James Madison , military officials , and his government fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg . They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville , a small town in Montgomery County , Maryland , which is known today as the `` United States Capital for a Day . '' President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley , a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville . Bentley 's house , known today as the Madison House , still stands in Brookeville . </P> <P> Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans were able to regain control of the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Reasons for the attack </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> 4 White House </Li> <Li> 5 Other Washington properties </Li> <Li> 6 `` The Storm that Saved Washington '' </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Reasons for the attack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The British government , already at war with Napoleonic France , adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812 . Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada . However , after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814 , Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States . In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada , the Earl of Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda , from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war . It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada . The commanders were under strict orders , however , not to carry out operations far inland , or to attempt to hold territory . Early in 1814 , Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Navy 's North America and West Indies Station , controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war . He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans . </P> <P> Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year . On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak , and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack . Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore , Washington and Philadelphia . On July 17 , Cockburn recommended Washington as the target , because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and `` the greater political effect likely to result '' . General Ross commanded a 4,500 - man army , composed of the 4th ( King 's Own ) Light , 21st Royal North British Fusiliers , 44th ( East Essex ) Regiment of \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "British" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1964, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nBurning of Washington - wikipedia <H1> Burning of Washington </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Burning of Washington </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Part of the War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg , the British entered Washington D.C. and burned many U.S. government and military buildings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> August 24 , 1814 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Washington , D.C. , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> British victory </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Ross George Cockburn </Td> <Td> James Madison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4,250 </Td> <Td> 7,640 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 killed , 3 wounded ( Colonial Marines ) 3 unknown wounded </Td> <Td> City of Washington attacked by British forces Many government buildings set ablaze Destruction of the 36 - gun frigate USS New York . 44 - gun firgate USS Columbia and 22 - gun sloop USS Argus burnt to avoid capture . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Chesapeake campaign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Havre de Grace </Li> <Li> Craney Island </Li> <Li> St. Michaels </Li> <Li> Chesapeake Bay Flotilla </Li> <Li> Bladensburg </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> Alexandria </Li> <Li> Caulk 's Field </Li> <Li> North Point </Li> <Li> Baltimore </Li> <Li> Farnham Church </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Burning of Washington was a British attack against Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , during the War of 1812 . On August 24 , 1814 , after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg , a British force led by Major General Robert Ross occupied Washington and set fire to many public buildings , including the White House ( known as the Presidential Mansion ) , and the Capitol , as well as other facilities of the U.S. government . The attack was in part a retaliation for the recent American destruction of Port Dover in Upper Canada . It marks the only time in U.S. history that Washington , D.C. has been occupied by a foreign force . </P> <P> President James Madison , military officials , and his government fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg . They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville , a small town in Montgomery County , Maryland , which is known today as the `` United States Capital for a Day . '' President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley , a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville . Bentley 's house , known today as the Madison House , still stands in Brookeville . </P> <P> Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans were able to regain control of the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Reasons for the attack </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> 4 White House </Li> <Li> 5 Other Washington properties </Li> <Li> 6 `` The Storm that Saved Washington '' </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Reasons for the attack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The British government , already at war with Napoleonic France , adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812 . Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada . However , after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814 , Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States . In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada , the Earl of Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda , from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war . It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada . The commanders were under strict orders , however , not to carry out operations far inland , or to attempt to hold territory . Early in 1814 , Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Navy 's North America and West Indies Station , controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war . He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans . </P> <P> Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year . On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak , and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack . Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore , Washington and Philadelphia . On July 17 , Cockburn recommended Washington as the target , because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and `` the greater political effect likely to result '' . General Ross commanded a 4,500 - man army , composed of the 4th ( King 's Own ) Light , 21st Royal North British Fusiliers , 44th ( East Essex ) Regiment of \n\nQuestion:\nwho burned down the white house in the war of 1812\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "British" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1964, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho burned down the white house in the war of 1812\n\nDocument:\nBurning of Washington - wikipedia <H1> Burning of Washington </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Burning of Washington </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Part of the War of 1812 Battle of Bladensburg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Following their victory at the Battle of Bladensburg , the British entered Washington D.C. and burned many U.S. government and military buildings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> August 24 , 1814 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Washington , D.C. , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> British victory </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Ross George Cockburn </Td> <Td> James Madison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4,250 </Td> <Td> 7,640 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 killed , 3 wounded ( Colonial Marines ) 3 unknown wounded </Td> <Td> City of Washington attacked by British forces Many government buildings set ablaze Destruction of the 36 - gun frigate USS New York . 44 - gun firgate USS Columbia and 22 - gun sloop USS Argus burnt to avoid capture . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Chesapeake campaign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> <Ul> <Li> Havre de Grace </Li> <Li> Craney Island </Li> <Li> St. Michaels </Li> <Li> Chesapeake Bay Flotilla </Li> <Li> Bladensburg </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> Alexandria </Li> <Li> Caulk 's Field </Li> <Li> North Point </Li> <Li> Baltimore </Li> <Li> Farnham Church </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Burning of Washington was a British attack against Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , during the War of 1812 . On August 24 , 1814 , after defeating the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg , a British force led by Major General Robert Ross occupied Washington and set fire to many public buildings , including the White House ( known as the Presidential Mansion ) , and the Capitol , as well as other facilities of the U.S. government . The attack was in part a retaliation for the recent American destruction of Port Dover in Upper Canada . It marks the only time in U.S. history that Washington , D.C. has been occupied by a foreign force . </P> <P> President James Madison , military officials , and his government fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg . They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville , a small town in Montgomery County , Maryland , which is known today as the `` United States Capital for a Day . '' President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley , a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville . Bentley 's house , known today as the Madison House , still stands in Brookeville . </P> <P> Less than a day after the attack began , a sudden , very heavy thunderstorm -- possibly a hurricane -- put out the fires . It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital , setting down on Constitution Avenue and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away , killing British troops and American civilians alike . Following the storm , the British returned to their ships , many of which were badly damaged . The occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours . After the `` Storm that saved Washington '' , as it soon came to be called , the Americans were able to regain control of the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Reasons for the attack </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 U.S. Capitol </Li> <Li> 4 White House </Li> <Li> 5 Other Washington properties </Li> <Li> 6 `` The Storm that Saved Washington '' </Li> <Li> 7 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 8 Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 11.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 11.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Reasons for the attack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The British government , already at war with Napoleonic France , adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812 . Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada . However , after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814 , Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States . In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada , the Earl of Bathurst , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies , dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda , from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war . It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada . The commanders were under strict orders , however , not to carry out operations far inland , or to attempt to hold territory . Early in 1814 , Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander - in - Chief of the Royal Navy 's North America and West Indies Station , controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war . He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans . </P> <P> Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year . On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak , and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack . Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore , Washington and Philadelphia . On July 17 , Cockburn recommended Washington as the target , because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and `` the greater political effect likely to result '' . General Ross commanded a 4,500 - man army , composed of the 4th ( King 's Own ) Light , 21st Royal North British Fusiliers , 44th ( East Essex ) Regiment of \n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "British" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 3162, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nTr> <Td> Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams , Freeman Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Simmons , Lionel Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ford , Alphonso Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McDermott , Doug Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly , Harry Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clark , Keydren Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hawkins , Hersey Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manning , Danny Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hughes , Alfredrick Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 1,226 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 462 </Td> <Td> 2,914 </Td> <Td> 24.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hayes , Elvin Elvin Hayes * </Td> <Td> C / F </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 1,215 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 2,884 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hansbrough , Tyler Tyler Hansbrough </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 142 </Td> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 982 </Td> <Td> 2,872 </Td> <Td> 20.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bird , Larry Larry Bird * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indiana State </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1,154 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 542 </Td> <Td> 2,850 </Td> <Td> 30.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birdsong , Otis Otis Birdsong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Houston ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 1,176 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 480 </Td> <Td> 2,832 </Td> <Td> 24.4 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradshaw , Kevin Kevin Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bethune - Cookman / U.S. International </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 1,027 </Td> <Td> 132 </Td> <Td> 618 </Td> <Td> 2,804 </Td> <Td> 25.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston , Allan Allan Houston </Td> <Td> G / F </Td> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 128 </Td> <Td> 902 </Td> <Td> 346 </Td> <Td> 651 </Td> <Td> 2,801 </Td> <Td> 21.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Redick , J.J. J.J. Redick </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Duke </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 825 </Td> <Td> 457 </Td> <Td> 662 </Td> <Td> 2,769 </Td> <Td> 19.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gathers , Hank Hank Gathers </Td> <Td> F / C </Td> <Td> Southern California / Loyola Marymount </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 1,127 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 469 </Td> <Td> 2,723 </Td> <Td> 23.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Haws , Tyler Tyler Haws </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> BYU </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 917 </Td> <Td> 162 </Td> <Td> 724 </Td> <Td> 2,720 </Td> <Td> 19.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lewis , Reggie Reggie Lewis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Northeastern </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> <Td> 1,043 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <\n\nQuestion:\nwho scored the most points in ncaa basketball history\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 3162, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho scored the most points in ncaa basketball history\n\nDocument:\nTr> <Td> Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams , Freeman Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Simmons , Lionel Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ford , Alphonso Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McDermott , Doug Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly , Harry Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clark , Keydren Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hawkins , Hersey Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manning , Danny Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hughes , Alfredrick Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 1,226 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 462 </Td> <Td> 2,914 </Td> <Td> 24.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hayes , Elvin Elvin Hayes * </Td> <Td> C / F </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 1,215 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 2,884 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hansbrough , Tyler Tyler Hansbrough </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 142 </Td> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 982 </Td> <Td> 2,872 </Td> <Td> 20.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bird , Larry Larry Bird * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indiana State </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1,154 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 542 </Td> <Td> 2,850 </Td> <Td> 30.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birdsong , Otis Otis Birdsong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Houston ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 1,176 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 480 </Td> <Td> 2,832 </Td> <Td> 24.4 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradshaw , Kevin Kevin Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bethune - Cookman / U.S. International </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 1,027 </Td> <Td> 132 </Td> <Td> 618 </Td> <Td> 2,804 </Td> <Td> 25.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston , Allan Allan Houston </Td> <Td> G / F </Td> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 128 </Td> <Td> 902 </Td> <Td> 346 </Td> <Td> 651 </Td> <Td> 2,801 </Td> <Td> 21.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Redick , J.J. J.J. Redick </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Duke </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 825 </Td> <Td> 457 </Td> <Td> 662 </Td> <Td> 2,769 </Td> <Td> 19.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gathers , Hank Hank Gathers </Td> <Td> F / C </Td> <Td> Southern California / Loyola Marymount </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 1,127 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 469 </Td> <Td> 2,723 </Td> <Td> 23.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Haws , Tyler Tyler Haws </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> BYU </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 139 </Td> <Td> 917 </Td> <Td> 162 </Td> <Td> 724 </Td> <Td> 2,720 </Td> <Td> 19.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lewis , Reggie Reggie Lewis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Northeastern </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> <Td> 1,043 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2835, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\n <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams , Freeman Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Simmons , Lionel Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ford , Alphonso Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McDermott , Doug Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly , Harry Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clark , Keydren Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hawkins , Hersey Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manning , Danny Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hughes , Alfredrick Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 1,226 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 462 </Td> <Td> 2,914 </Td> <Td> 24.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hayes , Elvin Elvin Hayes * </Td> <Td> C / F </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 1,215 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 2,884 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hansbrough , Tyler Tyler Hansbrough </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 142 </Td> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 982 </Td> <Td> 2,872 </Td> <Td> 20.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bird , Larry Larry Bird * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indiana State </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1,154 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 542 </Td> <Td> 2,850 </Td> <Td> 30.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birdsong , Otis Otis Birdsong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Houston ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 1,176 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 480 </Td> <Td> 2,832 </Td> <Td> 24.4 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradshaw , Kevin Kevin Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bethune - Cookman / U.S. International </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 1,027\n\nQuestion:\nwho scored the most points in ncaa basketball history\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 2835, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho scored the most points in ncaa basketball history\n\nDocument:\n <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams , Freeman Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Portland State </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 1,369 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 3,249 </Td> <Td> 30.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Simmons , Lionel Lionel Simmons </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> La Salle </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 131 </Td> <Td> 1,244 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 673 </Td> <Td> 3,217 </Td> <Td> 24.6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ford , Alphonso Alphonso Ford </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mississippi Valley State </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 1,121 </Td> <Td> 333 </Td> <Td> 590 </Td> <Td> 3,165 </Td> <Td> 29.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> McDermott , Doug Doug McDermott </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Creighton </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 1,141 </Td> <Td> 274 </Td> <Td> 594 </Td> <Td> 3,150 </Td> <Td> 21.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly , Harry Harry Kelly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Texas Southern </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 1,234 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 598 </Td> <Td> 3,066 </Td> <Td> 27.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clark , Keydren Keydren Clark </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Peter 's </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 967 </Td> <Td> 435 </Td> <Td> 689 </Td> <Td> 3,058 </Td> <Td> 25.9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hawkins , Hersey Hersey Hawkins </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bradley </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 125 </Td> <Td> 1,100 </Td> <Td> 118 </Td> <Td> 690 </Td> <Td> 3,008 </Td> <Td> 25.5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robertson , Oscar Oscar Robertson * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1,052 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 869 </Td> <Td> 2,973 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manning , Danny Danny Manning </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 1,216 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 2,951 </Td> <Td> 20.1 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hughes , Alfredrick Alfredrick Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loyola ( IL ) </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> 1,226 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 462 </Td> <Td> 2,914 </Td> <Td> 24.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hayes , Elvin Elvin Hayes * </Td> <Td> C / F </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 1965 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> 1,215 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 454 </Td> <Td> 2,884 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hansbrough , Tyler Tyler Hansbrough </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 142 </Td> <Td> 939 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 982 </Td> <Td> 2,872 </Td> <Td> 20.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bird , Larry Larry Bird * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Indiana State </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1,154 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 542 </Td> <Td> 2,850 </Td> <Td> 30.3 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birdsong , Otis Otis Birdsong </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Houston ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> <Td> 1,176 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 480 </Td> <Td> 2,832 </Td> <Td> 24.4 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradshaw , Kevin Kevin Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bethune - Cookman / U.S. International </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 1,027\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1512, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\ntion ( NCAA ) Division I basketball , where a player 's career is at most four seasons long , it is considered a notable achievement to reach the 1,000 - points scored threshold . In even rarer instances , players have reached the 2,000 - and 3,000 - point plateaus ( no player has ever scored 4,000 or more points at the Division I level ) . The top 25 highest scorers in NCAA Division I men 's basketball history are listed below . The NCAA did not split into its current divisions format until August 1973 . From 1906 to 1955 , there were no classifications to the NCAA nor its predecessor , the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States ( IAAUS ) . Then , from 1956 to spring 1973 , colleges were classified as either `` NCAA University Division ( Major College ) '' or `` NCAA College Division ( Small College ) '' . </P> <P> Some of the top 25 scorers in Division I history played before the three - point line was officially instituted in 1986 -- 87 . All of the players with a dash through the three - point field goals made column were affected by this rule . Hank Gathers of Loyola Marymount is the only three - point shot era player on this list who did not make a single three - point shot . From the 1986 -- 87 season through the 2007 -- 08 season , the three - point perimeter was marked at 19 ft 9 in ( 6.02 m ) for both men 's and women 's college basketball . On May 3 , 2007 , the NCAA men 's basketball rules committee passed a measure to extend the distance of the men 's three - point line back to 20 ft 9 in ( 6.32 m ) ; the women 's line would remain at the original distance until it was moved to match the men 's distance effective in 2011 -- 12 . </P> <P> Additionally , several of the players on this list played during an era when college freshmen were ineligible to compete at the varsity level and were forced to participate on either freshman or junior varsity teams . Since freshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records , three players -- Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes -- only had three seasons to compile their totals . Larry Bird redshirted ( sat out ) his freshman year , and therefore , like Maravich , Robertson , and Hayes , his totals also cover only three seasons ( though in Bird 's case , unlike the others , it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level ) . With the added benefits of a three - point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility , their already - historical statistics would have been much higher . Maravich , a guard from LSU , not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history , but also the highest career total . Remarkably , he scored 3,667 points ( over 400 more than the next closest player ) in a mere 83 games . His record is considered nearly unbreakable ; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson , who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball . However , Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) following his junior season in 2008 -- 09 . </P> <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams , Freeman Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Po\n\nQuestion:\nwho scored the most points in ncaa basketball history\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1512, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwho scored the most points in ncaa basketball history\n\nDocument:\ntion ( NCAA ) Division I basketball , where a player 's career is at most four seasons long , it is considered a notable achievement to reach the 1,000 - points scored threshold . In even rarer instances , players have reached the 2,000 - and 3,000 - point plateaus ( no player has ever scored 4,000 or more points at the Division I level ) . The top 25 highest scorers in NCAA Division I men 's basketball history are listed below . The NCAA did not split into its current divisions format until August 1973 . From 1906 to 1955 , there were no classifications to the NCAA nor its predecessor , the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States ( IAAUS ) . Then , from 1956 to spring 1973 , colleges were classified as either `` NCAA University Division ( Major College ) '' or `` NCAA College Division ( Small College ) '' . </P> <P> Some of the top 25 scorers in Division I history played before the three - point line was officially instituted in 1986 -- 87 . All of the players with a dash through the three - point field goals made column were affected by this rule . Hank Gathers of Loyola Marymount is the only three - point shot era player on this list who did not make a single three - point shot . From the 1986 -- 87 season through the 2007 -- 08 season , the three - point perimeter was marked at 19 ft 9 in ( 6.02 m ) for both men 's and women 's college basketball . On May 3 , 2007 , the NCAA men 's basketball rules committee passed a measure to extend the distance of the men 's three - point line back to 20 ft 9 in ( 6.32 m ) ; the women 's line would remain at the original distance until it was moved to match the men 's distance effective in 2011 -- 12 . </P> <P> Additionally , several of the players on this list played during an era when college freshmen were ineligible to compete at the varsity level and were forced to participate on either freshman or junior varsity teams . Since freshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records , three players -- Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes -- only had three seasons to compile their totals . Larry Bird redshirted ( sat out ) his freshman year , and therefore , like Maravich , Robertson , and Hayes , his totals also cover only three seasons ( though in Bird 's case , unlike the others , it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level ) . With the added benefits of a three - point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility , their already - historical statistics would have been much higher . Maravich , a guard from LSU , not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history , but also the highest career total . Remarkably , he scored 3,667 points ( over 400 more than the next closest player ) in a mere 83 games . His record is considered nearly unbreakable ; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson , who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball . However , Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) following his junior season in 2008 -- 09 . </P> <P> Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame : Pete Maravich , Oscar Robertson , Elvin Hayes , Larry Bird and David Robinson . </P> <H2> Key ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Pos . </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ref . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Position </Td> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> References </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Career scoring leaders ( edit ) </H2> Elvin Hayes finished with 2,884 points . J.J. Redick is also second all - time in three - point field goals made ( 457 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Pos . </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Career start </Th> <Th> Career end </Th> <Th> Games played </Th> <Th> Field goals made </Th> <Th> 3 - point field goals made </Th> <Th> Free throws made </Th> <Th> Points </Th> <Th> PPG </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> LSU </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1,387 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 893 </Td> <Td> 3,667 </Td> <Td> 44.2 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams , Freeman Freeman Williams </Td> <Td> F / G </Td> <Td> Po\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "Pete Maravich" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1814, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE . </P> <P> The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah , the temple was dedicated to Yahweh , and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant . Jewish historian Josephus says that `` the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years , six months , and ten days after it was built '' , although rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> Because of the religious sensitivities involved , and the politically volatile situation in Jerusalem , only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted . No archaeological excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times . Therefore , there are very few pieces of archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon 's Temple . An Ivory pomegranate which mentions priests in the house `` of -- - h '' , and an inscription recording the Temple 's restoration under Jehoash have both appeared on the antiquities market , but their authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Tanakh <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Architectural description <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Holy of Holies </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Hekhal <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2.2 Use in architecture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Porch </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Chambers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Courts </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Molten Sea </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dedication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Archaeology </Li> <Li> 3 Other contemporary temples </Li> <Li> 4 Freemasonry </Li> <Li> 5 Kabbalah </Li> <Li> 6 Islam </Li> <Li> 7 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Tanakh ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> In an artistic representation , King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem ( painting by James Tissot or follower , c. 1896 -- 1902 ) <P> The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> The exact location of the Temple is unknown : it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present - day Temple Mount , where the Dome of the Rock is situated . </P> <P> According to the Tanakh , the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE ( 2 Kings 24 : 13 ) . A decade later , Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE , subsequently burning the Temple , along with most of the city ( 2 Kings 25 ) . According to Jewish tradition , the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av , the 9th day of Av ( Hebrew calendar ) . </P> <H3> Architectural description ( edit ) </H3> Plan of Solomon 's Temple , published 1905 Plan of Solomon 's Temple with measurements <P> The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design , and its description is considered the best description of what a Phoenician temple looked like . The detailed descriptions provided in the Tanakh are the sources for reconstructions of its appearance . Technical details are lacking , since the scribes who wrote the books were not architects or engineers . Nevertheless , the descriptions have inspired modern replicas of the temple and influenced later structures around the world . </P> <P> Reconstructions differ ; the following is largely based on Easton 's Bible Dictionary and the Jewish Encyclopedia : </P> Holy of Holies ( edit ) <P> The Holy of Holies , or Kodesh haKodashim in Hebrew , ( 1 Kings 6 : 19 ; 8 : 6 ) , also called the `` Inner House '' ( 6 : 27 ) , ( Heb. 9 : 3 ) was 20 cubits in length , breadth , and height . The usual explanation for the discrepancy between its height and the 30 - cubit height of the temple is that its floor was elevated , like the cella of other ancient temples . It was floored and wainscotted with cedar of Lebanon ( 1 Kings 6 : 16 ) , and its walls and floor were overlaid with gold ( 6 : 20 , 21 , 30 ) amount\n\nQuestion:\nwhat year was the first temple of jerusalem destroyed\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "587 BCE" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1814, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhat year was the first temple of jerusalem destroyed\n\nDocument:\nadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE . </P> <P> The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah , the temple was dedicated to Yahweh , and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant . Jewish historian Josephus says that `` the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years , six months , and ten days after it was built '' , although rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> Because of the religious sensitivities involved , and the politically volatile situation in Jerusalem , only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted . No archaeological excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times . Therefore , there are very few pieces of archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon 's Temple . An Ivory pomegranate which mentions priests in the house `` of -- - h '' , and an inscription recording the Temple 's restoration under Jehoash have both appeared on the antiquities market , but their authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Tanakh <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Architectural description <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Holy of Holies </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Hekhal <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2.2 Use in architecture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Porch </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Chambers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Courts </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Molten Sea </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dedication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Archaeology </Li> <Li> 3 Other contemporary temples </Li> <Li> 4 Freemasonry </Li> <Li> 5 Kabbalah </Li> <Li> 6 Islam </Li> <Li> 7 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Tanakh ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> In an artistic representation , King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem ( painting by James Tissot or follower , c. 1896 -- 1902 ) <P> The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> The exact location of the Temple is unknown : it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present - day Temple Mount , where the Dome of the Rock is situated . </P> <P> According to the Tanakh , the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE ( 2 Kings 24 : 13 ) . A decade later , Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE , subsequently burning the Temple , along with most of the city ( 2 Kings 25 ) . According to Jewish tradition , the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av , the 9th day of Av ( Hebrew calendar ) . </P> <H3> Architectural description ( edit ) </H3> Plan of Solomon 's Temple , published 1905 Plan of Solomon 's Temple with measurements <P> The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design , and its description is considered the best description of what a Phoenician temple looked like . The detailed descriptions provided in the Tanakh are the sources for reconstructions of its appearance . Technical details are lacking , since the scribes who wrote the books were not architects or engineers . Nevertheless , the descriptions have inspired modern replicas of the temple and influenced later structures around the world . </P> <P> Reconstructions differ ; the following is largely based on Easton 's Bible Dictionary and the Jewish Encyclopedia : </P> Holy of Holies ( edit ) <P> The Holy of Holies , or Kodesh haKodashim in Hebrew , ( 1 Kings 6 : 19 ; 8 : 6 ) , also called the `` Inner House '' ( 6 : 27 ) , ( Heb. 9 : 3 ) was 20 cubits in length , breadth , and height . The usual explanation for the discrepancy between its height and the 30 - cubit height of the temple is that its floor was elevated , like the cella of other ancient temples . It was floored and wainscotted with cedar of Lebanon ( 1 Kings 6 : 16 ) , and its walls and floor were overlaid with gold ( 6 : 20 , 21 , 30 ) amount\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "587 BCE" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSolomon 's Temple - wikipedia <H1> Solomon 's Temple </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Templum Solomonis '' redirects here . For Crusader `` Templum Solomonis '' , see Al - Aqsa Mosque . `` First Temple '' redirects here . For the album by Closure in Moscow , see First Temple ( album ) . For other uses , see Solomon 's Temple ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Solomon 's Temple </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Artistic interpretation of the First Temple in Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Basic information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Ancient Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deity </Th> <Td> Yahweh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Architectural description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Creator </Th> <Td> Solomon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Destroyed </Th> <Td> 587 BC </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> According to the Hebrew Bible , Solomon 's Temple , also known as the First Temple , was the Holy Temple ( Hebrew : בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ ‬ : Beit HaMikdash ) in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE . </P> <P> The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah , the temple was dedicated to Yahweh , and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant . Jewish historian Josephus says that `` the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years , six months , and ten days after it was built '' , although rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> Because of the religious sensitivities involved , and the politically volatile situation in Jerusalem , only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted . No archaeological excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times . Therefore , there are very few pieces of archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon 's Temple . An Ivory pomegranate which mentions priests in the house `` of -- - h '' , and an inscription recording the Temple 's restoration under Jehoash have both appeared on the antiquities market , but their authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Tanakh <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Architectural description <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Holy of Holies </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Hekhal <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2.2 Use in architecture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Porch </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Chambers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Courts </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Molten Sea </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dedication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Archaeology </Li> <Li> 3 Other contemporary temples </Li> <Li> 4 Freemasonry </Li> <Li> 5 Kabbalah </Li> <Li> 6 Islam </Li> <Li> 7 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Tanakh ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> In an artistic representation , King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem ( painting by James Tissot or follower , c. 1896 -- 1902 ) <P> The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> The exact location of the Temple is unknown : it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present - day Temple Mount , where the Dome of the Rock is situated . </P> <P> According to the Tanakh , the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE ( 2 Kings 24 : 13 ) . A decade later , Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE , subsequently burning the Temple , along with most of the city ( 2 Kings 25 ) . According to Jewish tradition , the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av , the 9th day of Av ( Hebrew calendar ) . </P> <H3> Architectural description ( edit ) </H3> Plan of Solomon 's Temple , published 1905 Plan of Solomon 's Temple with measurements <P> The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design , and its de\n\nQuestion:\nwhat year was the first temple of jerusalem destroyed\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "587 BCE" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhat year was the first temple of jerusalem destroyed\n\nDocument:\nSolomon 's Temple - wikipedia <H1> Solomon 's Temple </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Templum Solomonis '' redirects here . For Crusader `` Templum Solomonis '' , see Al - Aqsa Mosque . `` First Temple '' redirects here . For the album by Closure in Moscow , see First Temple ( album ) . For other uses , see Solomon 's Temple ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Solomon 's Temple </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Artistic interpretation of the First Temple in Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Basic information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Ancient Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deity </Th> <Td> Yahweh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Architectural description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Creator </Th> <Td> Solomon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Destroyed </Th> <Td> 587 BC </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> According to the Hebrew Bible , Solomon 's Temple , also known as the First Temple , was the Holy Temple ( Hebrew : בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ ‬ : Beit HaMikdash ) in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE . </P> <P> The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah , the temple was dedicated to Yahweh , and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant . Jewish historian Josephus says that `` the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years , six months , and ten days after it was built '' , although rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> Because of the religious sensitivities involved , and the politically volatile situation in Jerusalem , only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted . No archaeological excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times . Therefore , there are very few pieces of archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon 's Temple . An Ivory pomegranate which mentions priests in the house `` of -- - h '' , and an inscription recording the Temple 's restoration under Jehoash have both appeared on the antiquities market , but their authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Tanakh <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Architectural description <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Holy of Holies </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Hekhal <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2.2 Use in architecture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Porch </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Chambers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Courts </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Molten Sea </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dedication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Archaeology </Li> <Li> 3 Other contemporary temples </Li> <Li> 4 Freemasonry </Li> <Li> 5 Kabbalah </Li> <Li> 6 Islam </Li> <Li> 7 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Tanakh ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> In an artistic representation , King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem ( painting by James Tissot or follower , c. 1896 -- 1902 ) <P> The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> The exact location of the Temple is unknown : it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present - day Temple Mount , where the Dome of the Rock is situated . </P> <P> According to the Tanakh , the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE ( 2 Kings 24 : 13 ) . A decade later , Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE , subsequently burning the Temple , along with most of the city ( 2 Kings 25 ) . According to Jewish tradition , the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av , the 9th day of Av ( Hebrew calendar ) . </P> <H3> Architectural description ( edit ) </H3> Plan of Solomon 's Temple , published 1905 Plan of Solomon 's Temple with measurements <P> The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design , and its de\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "587 BCE" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nDocument:\nSolomon 's Temple - wikipedia <H1> Solomon 's Temple </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Templum Solomonis '' redirects here . For Crusader `` Templum Solomonis '' , see Al - Aqsa Mosque . `` First Temple '' redirects here . For the album by Closure in Moscow , see First Temple ( album ) . For other uses , see Solomon 's Temple ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Solomon 's Temple </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Artistic interpretation of the First Temple in Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Basic information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Ancient Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deity </Th> <Td> Yahweh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Architectural description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Creator </Th> <Td> Solomon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Destroyed </Th> <Td> 587 BC </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> According to the Hebrew Bible , Solomon 's Temple , also known as the First Temple , was the Holy Temple ( Hebrew : בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ ‬ : Beit HaMikdash ) in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE . </P> <P> The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah , the temple was dedicated to Yahweh , and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant . Jewish historian Josephus says that `` the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years , six months , and ten days after it was built '' , although rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> Because of the religious sensitivities involved , and the politically volatile situation in Jerusalem , only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted . No archaeological excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times . Therefore , there are very few pieces of archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon 's Temple . An Ivory pomegranate which mentions priests in the house `` of -- - h '' , and an inscription recording the Temple 's restoration under Jehoash have both appeared on the antiquities market , but their authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Tanakh <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Architectural description <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Holy of Holies </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Hekhal <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2.2 Use in architecture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Porch </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Chambers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Courts </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Molten Sea </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dedication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Archaeology </Li> <Li> 3 Other contemporary temples </Li> <Li> 4 Freemasonry </Li> <Li> 5 Kabbalah </Li> <Li> 6 Islam </Li> <Li> 7 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Tanakh ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> In an artistic representation , King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem ( painting by James Tissot or follower , c. 1896 -- 1902 ) <P> The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> The exact location of the Temple is unknown : it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present - day Temple Mount , where the Dome of the Rock is situated . </P> <P> According to the Tanakh , the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE ( 2 Kings 24 : 13 ) . A decade later , Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE , subsequently burning the Temple , along with most of the city ( 2 Kings 25 ) . According to Jewish tradition , the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av , the 9th day of Av ( Hebrew calendar ) . </P> <H3> Architectural description ( edit ) </H3> Plan of Solomon 's Temple , published 1905 Plan of Solomon 's Temple with measurements <P> The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design , and its de\n\nQuestion:\nwhat year was the first temple of jerusalem destroyed\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "587 BCE" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "tok_len": 1929, "value": "Answer the question based on the information provided in the document given below. The answer should be a single word or a number or a short phrase of few words\n\nQuestion:\nwhat year was the first temple of jerusalem destroyed\n\nDocument:\nSolomon 's Temple - wikipedia <H1> Solomon 's Temple </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Templum Solomonis '' redirects here . For Crusader `` Templum Solomonis '' , see Al - Aqsa Mosque . `` First Temple '' redirects here . For the album by Closure in Moscow , see First Temple ( album ) . For other uses , see Solomon 's Temple ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Solomon 's Temple </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td_colspan=\"2\"> Artistic interpretation of the First Temple in Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Basic information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Ancient Jerusalem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deity </Th> <Td> Yahweh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th_colspan=\"2\"> Architectural description </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Creator </Th> <Td> Solomon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Destroyed </Th> <Td> 587 BC </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> According to the Hebrew Bible , Solomon 's Temple , also known as the First Temple , was the Holy Temple ( Hebrew : בֵּית ־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ ‬ : Beit HaMikdash ) in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE . </P> <P> The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah , the temple was dedicated to Yahweh , and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant . Jewish historian Josephus says that `` the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years , six months , and ten days after it was built '' , although rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> Because of the religious sensitivities involved , and the politically volatile situation in Jerusalem , only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted . No archaeological excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times . Therefore , there are very few pieces of archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon 's Temple . An Ivory pomegranate which mentions priests in the house `` of -- - h '' , and an inscription recording the Temple 's restoration under Jehoash have both appeared on the antiquities market , but their authenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In the Tanakh <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Architectural description <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Holy of Holies </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Hekhal <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2.2 Use in architecture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Porch </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Chambers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Courts </Li> <Li> 1.1. 6 Molten Sea </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dedication </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Archaeology </Li> <Li> 3 Other contemporary temples </Li> <Li> 4 Freemasonry </Li> <Li> 5 Kabbalah </Li> <Li> 6 Islam </Li> <Li> 7 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In the Tanakh ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> In an artistic representation , King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem ( painting by James Tissot or follower , c. 1896 -- 1902 ) <P> The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh . According to the biblical sources , the temple was constructed under Solomon , during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah . The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects , workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem . He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea . 1 Kings 6 : 1 puts the date of the beginning of building the temple `` in the fourth year of Solomon 's reign over Israel '' . The conventional dates of Solomon 's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE . This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE . Schmid and Rupprecht are of the view that the site of the temple used to be a Jebusite shrine which Solomon chose in an attempt to unify the Jebusites and Israelites. 1 Kings 9 : 10 says that it took Solomon 20 years altogether to build the Temple and his royal palace . The Temple itself finished being built after 7 years . During the united monarchy the Temple was dedicated to Yahweh , the God of Israel , and housed the Ark of the Covenant . Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and , based on the 2nd - century work Seder Olam Rabbah , place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE ( 3338 AM ) , 165 years later than secular estimates . </P> <P> The exact location of the Temple is unknown : it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present - day Temple Mount , where the Dome of the Rock is situated . </P> <P> According to the Tanakh , the Temple was plundered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire king Nebuchadnezzar II when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE ( 2 Kings 24 : 13 ) . A decade later , Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE , subsequently burning the Temple , along with most of the city ( 2 Kings 25 ) . According to Jewish tradition , the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av , the 9th day of Av ( Hebrew calendar ) . </P> <H3> Architectural description ( edit ) </H3> Plan of Solomon 's Temple , published 1905 Plan of Solomon 's Temple with measurements <P> The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design , and its de\n" }, { "from": "agent", "tok_len": null, "value": "587 BCE" } ]