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"So High" is a song by American rapper Slim Thug, released on September 30, 2010, as the second single from his third studio album, Tha Thug Show (2010). The song, produced by Nard & B, features vocals from fellow American rapper B.o.B. Background "So High" has been called an unlikely collaboration multiple times being between a hardcore Texas rapper in Slim Thug and hip hop, rock crossover artist in B.o.B. Music video The music video which is directed by Parris debuted on VEVO on October 21, 2010. Critical reception The song has been described as a radio friendly single. Rapreviews.com praised B.o.B's guest spot on the song. Track listing iTunes single digital download "So High"(featuring B.o. B) - 3:58 Charts Release history References 2010 singles 2010 songs Slim Thug songs B.o.B songs Songs written by B.o.B Song recordings produced by Nard & B MNRK Music Group singles
Zoura is a village in the Kongoussi Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. It has a population of 908. References External links Satellite map at Maplandia.com Populated places in the Centre-Nord Region Bam Province
John Newport Caird (born 22 September 1948) is an English stage director and writer of plays, musicals and operas. He is an honorary associate director of the Royal Shakespeare Company, was for many years a regular director with the Royal National Theatre of Great Britain and is the principal guest director of the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Stockholm (Dramaten). Early years Caird was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, to English parents George Bradford Caird, Oxford theologian and principal of Mansfield College, Oxford and Viola Mary Newport (born 1922 in Reigate, Surrey), poet and librarian. He lived in Montreal and attended Selwyn House School. His family moved back to England in 1959 to Oxford, where he attended Magdalen College School from 1959 to 1967. He studied acting at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School from 1967 to 1969. Caird worked as an actor and stage manager at various English repertory theatres and in London's West End before embarking on his directorial career at Contact Theatre, in Manchester in 1973. Career Theatre Caird was an associate director of Contact Theatre for two years, from 1973 to 1975, where he directed plays by Shakespeare, Christopher Bond, John Osborne, James Saunders, Samuel Beckett, wrote and acted in Theatre in Education programmes for Manchester's schools and prisons, and was an actor and musician in plays by Brecht, Goldoni and Jellicoe. He then worked as a freelance director for various fringe theatre companies. For Sidewalk Theatre he directed Last Resort by Peter Flannery. For Avon Touring he directed Regina versus Stephens by the late David Illingworth. Caird also taught for one semester at Ottawa University Drama Department, Canada, where he directed The Changeling by Middleton and Rowley. In 1975, he founded, with Stephen Barlow and others, Circle of Muses – a touring music theatre troupe that took musical entertainments around classical music clubs in England and Wales. In 1977 Caird joined the Royal Shakespeare Company as assistant director, becoming a resident director in December 1977 and an associate director in 1980. From 1977 to 1990 Caird directed over 20 productions for the RSC, including Shakespeare's Twelfth Night with Zoë Wanamaker, John Thaw, Daniel Massey and Emrys James, Romeo and Juliet with Daniel Day-Lewis, Amanda Root and Roger Allam, Midsummer Night's Dream with John Carlisle, Clare Higgins and Richard McCabe, Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Antony and Cleopatra. At the RSC's Swan Theatre he directed Ben Jonson's comedies Every Man in His Humour with Simon Russell Beale, Henry Goodman and Pete Postlethwaite and The New Inn with John Carlisle and Fiona Shaw, the first night of this play being the second-ever professional performance since it first appeared in 1629. His last production at the Swan was his own new version of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera with music composed by Ilona Sekacz. Caird's other productions at the RSC included classic works by Farquhar, Shaw, Strindberg, Gorky and Brecht and world premières of plays by Peter Flannery, Jonathan Gems, Mary O'Malley, John Berger, Nella Bielski, Charles Wood and Richard Nelson. At the RSC Caird also co-directed four productions with Trevor Nunn. The first was Merry Wives of Windsor in 1978 with Ben Kingsley, David Threlfall, and Timothy Spall. Next was Nicholas Nickleby in 1980, a nine-hour adaption from Dickens by David Edgar that ran for three separate seasons at the Aldwych Theatre and then transferred to the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway. Caird and Nunn then collaborated on a new version of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan, the first-ever production of the play to use a male actor in the title role. The production ran for three consecutive seasons at the Barbican Theatre from 1982 to 1984, with Miles Anderson, Mark Rylance and John McAndrew all playing Peter. Lastly Les Misérables in 1985, a musical by Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil that was a co-production between the RSC and Cameron Mackintosh. It ran for eight weeks at the Barbican Theatre before transferring to the Palace Theatre in the West End, moving to the Queen's Theatre in 2004, where it is still running. It opened at The Broadway Theatre in New York in 1987 and thereafter has played all over the world. Caird started directing at London's Royal National Theatre in 1993 under the artistic directorship of Richard Eyre. His first production was Trelawney of the 'Wells' with Helen McCrory and Robin Bailey. Chekhov's The Seagull followed in 1994 in a new version by Pam Gems with Judi Dench, Helen McCrory and Bill Nighy. In 1996 he directed the world premiere of Pam Gems' play Stanley based on the life of the English painter Stanley Spencer, with Antony Sher in the title role. Stanley later transferred to the Circle in the Square Theatre on Broadway. He continued to direct plays at the National under the Artistic Directorship of Trevor Nunn with Peter Pan in 1997 starring Daniel Evans as Pan and Ian McKellen as Hook and, in the NT Ensemble season of 1999, Bulwer-Lytton's Money and his own new version of the Voltaire/Bernstein Candide, both with Simon Russell Beale and the late Denis Quilley. In 2000, he again directed Simon Russell Beale, this time in Hamlet, a production that toured the UK and Europe, going to Elsinore, Stockholm and Belgrade, before transferring to the Brooklyn Academy (BAM) in New York. Caird's last production at the National Theatre was the world première of Humble Boy by Charlotte Jones, with Diana Rigg and Simon Russell Beale. The play transferred to the Gielgud Theatre in the West End where Felicity Kendal joined the cast and it opened in New York in 2003 at Manhattan Theatre Club. Caird's other productions in the West End have included Macbeth at the Almeida Theatre with Simon Russell Beale and Emma Fielding, Anouilh's Becket at the Theatre Royal Haymarket with Jasper Britton and Dougray Scott, Charles Dyer's Rattle of a Simple Man with Michelle Collins and Stephen Tompkinson and Michael Weller's What the Night Is For with Gillian Anderson and Roger Allam, both at the Comedy Theatre and his own musical Daddy Long Legs at the St James Theatre with Megan McGinnis and Rob Hancock. In 2015, Caird directed James Phillips’ new play McQueen, which opened in May at the St James’s Theatre in May starring Steve Wight and Diana Agron and transferred to the Haymarket Theatre in the West End in August, starring Wight and Carly Bawden. McQueen was designed by David Farley, with lighting by David Howe, choreography by Chris Marney and sound by John Leonard. Caird also directed two new Shakespeare productions in 2015: a Japanese language production of Twelfth Night in Tokyo for the Toho Company, opening in March at the Nissay Theatre – and Love's Labour's Lost for the Stratford Festival in Canada with designs by Patrick Clark, lighting by Michael Walton and music by Josh Schmidt, opening in August and playing in repertoire for the rest of the season. In spring of 2017 Caird directed Hamlet at Geigeki Theatre in Tokyo with Seiyo Uchino in the title role. In 2022 Caird directed his own theatre adaptation of Hayao Miyazaki’s animated film Spirited Away for Toho Company in Japan. Sweden In 2009, Caird was made principal guest director at Sweden's national stage, the Royal Dramatic Theatre of Stockholm (Dramaten). His first production in Sweden was As You Like It (Som ni vill ha det) for Stadsteatern (Stockholm City Theatre) in 1984, with Stina Ekblad and Mats Bergman. Since then he has directed exclusively for Dramaten with A Midsummer Night's Dream (En midsommarnattsdröm) in 2000, Twelfth Night (Trettondagsafton) in 2002, Strindberg's Dödsdansen (The Dance of Death) in 2007 with Stina Ekblad and Örjan Ramberg and The Merry Wives of Windsor (Muntra fruarna i Windsor) with Börje Ahlstedt as Falstaff in 2009. Caird's production of Shakespeare's The Tempest (Stormen) opened at Dramaten in October 2010 with Orjan Ramberg, Stina Ekblad and Jonas Karlsson. He returned to Dramaten in 2011 to direct Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (Romeo och Julia), starring Christoffer Svensson and Sophia Pekkari. In February 2014 Caird worked for the first time in Dramaten's intimate stage, Målarsalen, where he directed Hjalmar Söderberg's classic Swedish drama Gertrud with Anna Björk, Jonas Malmsjö, Otto Hargne, Magnus Ehrner, and Mia Benson. The play was designed by Jan Lundberg, costumes by Ann-Margret Fyregård, lighting by Hans-Åke Sjöquist and music by William Stenhammer. Japan Caird's Japanese productions started with Les Misérables, which opened at the Imperial Theatre (Teikoku Gekijo) in 1987 and has been running in repertoire with other works at the same location ever since, as well as touring extensively throughout Japan. In 2006, he directed his own version of The Beggar's Opera for the Nissay Theatre in Tokyo, starring Seiyo Uchino as Macheath, the production being revived in 2008. His 2007 production of A Midsummer Night's Dream (Natsu no Yo no Yume) for the New National Theatre (Shinkokuritsu Gekijo) was revived in 2009. His play Kinshu adapted from Teru Miyamoto's famous novel opened at the Galaxy Theatre in 2007 and was revived in 2009. He has also directed Coward's Private Lives (Shiseikatsu) at Theatre Crié in 2008 and Jane Eyre at the Nissay Theatre in 2009. In 2010 Caird directed his own version of Bernstein's Candide at the Imperial Theatre, starring Inoue Yoshio and Ichimura Masachika. He returned to Tokyo in the summer of 2012 to direct the Japanese première of his musical Daddy Long Legs at Theatre Crié, translated by Maoko Imai, designed by David Farley, starring Maaya Sakamoto and Yoshio Inoue. He returned to Tokyo in the summer of 2012 to direct the Japanese première of his musical Daddy Long Legs at Theatre Crié, translated by Maoko Imai, designed by David Farley, starring Maaya Sakamoto and Yoshio Inoue. The production has been revived since then on numerous occasions, with the same cast and was filmed by Wowow Television. In the summer of 2022, the same production will open with Mone Kamishiraishi playing the part of Jerusha and Yoshio Inoue continuing in the role of Jervis. His revival of the Shochiku production of Jane Eyre opened at the Nissay Theatre in the autumn of 2012 and toured to Hakata-za in Kyushu. Daddy Long Legs was revived at Theatre Crié in January 2013 and again in 2014 and 2015. Further revivals are to be programmed for 2019 and beyond. A CD of the songs and a DVD of the show were both released by Toho in 2014. In spring 2015, Caird directed a new production of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night for the Toho Company at the Nissay Theatre in Tokyo, starring Kei Otozuki, Tomoko Nakajima, Satoshi Hashimoto and Songha. The play was translated by Kazuko Matsuoka, with song lyrics by Maoko Imai, designs by the late Johan Engels, lighting by Ryuichi Nakagawa and music by John Cameron. In 2017 Caird directed Hamlet at Geigeki Theatre in Tokyo with Seiyo Uchino in the title role, Jun Kunimura as Claudius, Yuko Asano as Gertrude and Shihori Kanjiya as Ophelia. The play was translated by Kazuko Matsuoka and Maoko Imai, Yukio Horio designed the sets, Nobuko Miyamoto designed the costumes, the lighting was by Ryuichi Nakagawa and Dozan Fujiwara composed and performed the music. Caird directed the world première of his new musical Knights' Tale, with music by Paul Gordon, at the Imperial Theatre in Tokyo in July 2018, starring Koichi Doumoto and Yoshio Inoue. The show was orchestrated by Brad Haak, designed by Jon Baussor, choreographed by David Parsons and lit by Ryuichi Nakagawa. Knights’ Tale was revived in a lockdown concert version in 2020, playing in the Geigeki Concert Hall in Ikebukuro and Opera City Concert Hall in Hatsudai. Caird directed remotely from London. The production was revived in full in the autumn of 2021 at Umegei Theatre in Osaka and subsequently played at the Imperial Theatre in Tokyo and at Hakata-za in Fukuoka. Caird wrote and directed a new theatre adaptation of Hayao Miyazaki’s Studio Ghibli anime, Spirited Away, produced by Toho. It opened in Tokyo in February 2022, subsequently touring to Osaka, Hakata, Sapporo and Nagoya. The production was designed by Jon Bausor, with Toby Olié designing and directing the puppets. Brad Haak arranged and orchestrated Joe Hisaishi’s musical score and Jiro Katsushiba directed the lighting. The play starred Kanna Hashimoto and Mone Kamishiraishi, both playing the role of Chihiro. Opera In opera, Caird has directed Mozart's Zaide with a new libretto by Italo Calvino at Musica nel Chiostro, the Batignano Opera Festival in Tuscany, in 1991, conducted by Paul McGrath. In 2005 he directed Verdi's Don Carlos at the Welsh National Opera in Cardiff, conducted by Carlo Rizzi. In the same year, he directed a staged reading of The Screams of Kitty Genovese, a new opera by Will Todd and David Simpatico at the Public Theater in New York. He remounted Don Carlos for the Canadian Opera Company in Toronto in October 2007 and directed a new production of Verdi's Aida for WNO in 2008. In 2007-8 he wrote the libretto for Brief Encounter, a new opera by André Previn based on the play Still Life by Noël Coward and the Brief Encounter screenplay by Coward and David Lean. The opera had its world première performance at Houston Grand Opera in 2009 conducted by Patrick Summers and starring Elizabeth Futral and Nathan Gunn with designs by Bunny Christie. Brief Encounter is published by G. Schirmer's in New York and a CD of the original live production was released by Deutsche Grammophon in April 2011. Caird directed Puccini's Tosca for HGO for the 2010 season, with Patricia Racette as Tosca, Alexey Dolgov as Cavaradossi and Raymond Aceto as Scarpia, conducted by Patrick Summers with designs by Bunny Christie. Caird returned to WNO in the autumn of 2011 to direct a new production of Mozart's Don Giovanni, conducted by Lothar Koenigs with designs by John Napier and lighting by David Hersey. David Kempster sang the title role with David Soar as Leporello, Nuccia Focile as Elvira and Canilla Roberts as Anna. He returned to Houston Grand Opera in April 2012 to direct Verdi's Don Carlos, conducted by Patrick Summers. This was the third leg of a co-production with Welsh National Opera and Canadian Opera Company. In October 2012 Caird mounted a new production of Puccini's La Bohème for Houston Grand Opera, conducted by Evan Rogister with designs by David Farley and lighting by Michael Clark. This co-production with Canadian Opera Company and San Francisco Opera opened in Toronto in the autumn of 2013, conducted by Carlo Rizzi and San Francisco in 2014, conducted by Giuseppe Finzi. In May 2013 Caird's production of Tosca opened in Los Angeles at LA Opera, conducted by Plácido Domingo with Sondra Radvanovsky in the title role, Marco Berti as Cavaradossi and Lado Ataneli as Scarpia. In November 2013 Caird directed a new production of Wagner's Parsifal at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, conducted by Sir Andrew Davis with sets by Johan Engels. The singers were Paul Groves, Kwangchul Youn, Thomas Hampson, Daveda Karanas and Tomas Tomasson. In 2015 Caird remounted his production of Tosca for both the Lyric Opera of Chicago and Houston Grand Opera. The Chicago production was conducted by Dmitri Jurowski with Tatiana Serjan in the title role, Brian Jagde as Cavaradossi and Evgeny Nikitin as Scarpia. In Houston, Patrick Summers conducted and the roles were sung by Liudmyla Monastyrska, Alexey Dolgov and Andrzej Dobber. In 2017, Caird’s productions of Tosca and La Bohème were revived at LA Opera and San Francisco Opera respectively. In LA, Sondra Radvanovsky once again sang the title role in Tosca with Russell Thomas as Cavaradossi and Ambrogio Maestri as Scarpia. James Conlon conducted. In San Francsisco, Carlo Montanaro conducted Bohème with Erika Grimaldi and Julie Adams sharing the role of Mimi, Ellie Dehn as Musetta, Arturo Chacón-Cruz as Rodolfo and Audun Iversen as Marcello. The same production of Bohème will be revived at Houston Grand Opera in the autumn of 2018 with James Lowe conducting, Nicole Heaston as Mimi, Ivan Magri as Rodolfo, Michael Sumuel as Marcello and Pureum Jo as Musetta. Caird’s adaptation of Bernstein’s musical Candide, originally written and staged for the National Theatre in London in 1999, is increasingly being used by opera companies, most recently in Francesca Zambello’s production for the Glimmerglass Festival in New York, Bordeaux Opera and Los Angeles Opera and Martin Berger’s production for Weimar Opera in Germany. In February 2018, Caird’s production of Mozart's Don Giovanni was revived at Welsh National Opera, where it was staged by Caroline Chaney, with James Southall conducting. In 2019, Caird directed the world première of his new opera The Phoenix, with music by Tarik O’Regan, at Houston Grand Opera. The story was derived from the life of Mozart’s librettist, Lorenzo Da Ponte. Patrick Summers conducted the opera with Thomas Hampson and Luca Pisaroni playing Da Ponte at different stages of his life. The designs were by David Farley with lighting by Michael Clarke and choreography by Tim Claydon. In the spring of 2022, Caird directed Monteverdi’s Orfeo for Garsington Opera in the UK. Laurence Cummings conducted the English Concert, Rob Jones designed the set and costumes, Arielle Smith was the choreographer and Paul Pyant was the lighting designer. Ed Lyon sung the role of Orfeo and Diana Montague was the Messenger. Musical theatre Caird's introduction to musical theatre was directing the world première production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Song and Dance, which ran at the Palace Theatre in London from 1982 to 1984. Caird adapted and co-directed, with Trevor Nunn, Schönberg and Boublil's Les Misérables for the RSC and Cameron Mackintosh. The show opened at the Barbican Theatre in 1985, transferring to the Palace Theatre in November 1985 and later to the Queen’s Theatre in Shaftebury Avenue, where it is still running after 31 years, the longest running musical in the West End. Caird also wrote and directed Children of Eden with music by Stephen Schwartz, which ran in the West End in 1991. Since being published by Music Theatre International in 1998 Children of Eden has now had over 2000 separate productions worldwide. Caird also wrote and directed Jane Eyre with music by Paul Gordon, which played in La Jolla, Toronto and at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on Broadway from 1998 to 2000 and Leonard Bernstein's Candide which he adapted from the original Voltaire novel for the National Theatre season of 1999. Jane Eyre and Candide have since both been published by Music Theatre International and have had numerous productions across the US and worldwide. His version of Candide is now being used by opera companies all around the world, most recently in Weimar, Bordeaux, Los Angeles and the Glimmerglass Festival in New York. The Japanese première of Caird's version of Candide opened at the Imperial Theatre in Tokyo in June 2010, directed by Caird and designed by Yoon Bae, after the original designs by John Napier. Caird also wrote and directed, with the designer John Napier, The Siegfried and Roy Spectacular, a magic show for the Mirage Hotel in Las Vegas, starring Siegfried Fischbacher and Roy Horn and their menagerie of white tigers. The show opened in February 1991 and ran until October 2004, finally closing when Roy was injured by one of his beloved tigers. Caird's adaptation of Daddy Long Legs, Jean Webster's classic novel, with music by Paul Gordon, had its world première at the Rubicon Theatre in Ventura, California in 2009, starring Megan McGinnis and Robert Adelman Hancock before touring to Palo Alto, Cincinnati and numerous other theatres in the US. Daddy Long Legs won three LA Ovation Awards and transferred to London in the autumn of 2012 where it played at the newly opened St James Theatre. In September 2015, the show opened in New York at the Davenport Theatre, off-Broadway, with Megan McGinnis and Paul Nolan as Jerusha and Jervis. Adam Halpin replaced Paul Nolan later in the run and the show was recorded with Halpin and McGinnis for Broadway HD. Daddy Long Legs was published by Music Theatre International in 2016 and has had numerous productions all around the world. In collaboration with Paul Gordon and Sam Caird, Caird wrote and directed an up-dated amalgamation of Dickens’s novels A Christmas Carol and Great Expectations, entitled Little Miss Scrooge. It previewed at the Rubicon Theatre in Ventura, California, in December 2012 and had its first full production there in December 2013. It was subsequently rewritten and retitled Estella Scrooge and premièred in a film version in the autumn of 2020. In 2018 Caird directed the world première of his own new musical Knights' Tale, based on Fletcher's & Shakespeare's Two Noble Kinsmen, Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale and Boccaccio’s Teseida, translated into Japanese by Maoko Imai. Paul Gordon was the composer and lyricist, Brad Haak the orchestrator, David Parsons the choreographer, Jon Bausor and Jean Chan designed set and costumes and Ryuichi Nakagawa was the lighting designer. The show opened at the Imperial Theatre in Tokyo with Yoshio Inoue and Koichi Doumoto as Palamon and Arcite, Kei Otozuki as Emilia and Mone Kamishiraishi as Flavina, before transferring to the Umeda Arts Theatre in Osaka. Film and television Caird's television work includes his own adaptation of Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2 for the BBC's performance series in 1995, starring David Calder, Ronald Pickup, Rufus Sewell, Jonathan Firth, Elizabeth Spriggs, Simon McBurney, Jane Horrocks and Paul Eddington amongst others. Many of Caird's theatrical productions have been filmed or televised: Nicholas Nickleby directed by Jim Goddard for Primetime Television in 1982 won an Emmy Award for outstanding limited series. Swedish TV have screened As You Like It and Dödsdansen. WOWOW Television in Japan have screened Jane Eyre, The Beggar's Opera and Daddy Long Legs while NHK have screened Kinshu and Hamlet. Daddy Long Legs was filmed by Broadway HD. Caird’s latest musical Estella Scrooge was released by Streaming Musicals as a Christmas family entertainment in December 2020. Other work Caird has devised and staged two celebrations for WWF, the Worldwide Fund for Nature: the Religion and Inter-faith Ceremony at Assisi in 1986 and Gifts for Living Planet at Bakhtapur, Nepal in 2000. Caird also devised and directed (with Paul Robertson, the leader of the Medici String Quartet) Intimate Letters, a series of dramatised concerts based on the chamber-works and letters of Janáček, Smetana, Mozart, Elgar and Beethoven. In 2001 he set up the Caird Company with Holly Kendrick to encourage young playwrights and directors. The company produced a number of rehearsed play-reading festivals in fringe theatres and rehearsal spaces all around London, organised writing and directing workshops and seminars and produced Theatre Café, a festival of European Theatre at the Arcola Theatre, The Arab-Israeli Cookbook, a verbatim play by Robin Soans at the Gate Theatre and the Lemon Princess by Rachel McGill for West Yorkshire Playhouse. Caird directed a production of the melodrama, Murder in the Red Barn for marionette puppets, as a fund-raiser to save the Tiller-Clowes Marionettes for the nation at the Britten Theatre, Royal College of Music, starring Joanna Lumley, Gary Kemp, Bill Nighy and others. For the 25th anniversary of the National Theatre, Caird directed the NT 'Chain Play', a drama written in 25 consecutive scenes by 25 NT dramatists, a mad and wonderful event. In 2005 Caird wrote and directed Twin Spirits, a dramatised concert based on the music and letters of Robert and Clara Schumann, in aid of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden's educational outreach programme. It was produced by June Chichester and starred amongst others Sting, Trudie Styler, Ian McKellen, Simon Keenlyside and Rebecca Evans. Since then it has played at numerous venues in Europe and America, always for charitable causes – at the New Victory Theater on Broadway in aid of Broadway Cares/Equity Fights Aids, at Windsor Castle in aid of the Prince's Trust and the Soil Association, at Salisbury Cathedral in aid of the Choir Foundation, at the Cortona Festival in Tuscany in aid of the Mustardseed Trust and at the Lincoln Center in New York and at the Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles in aid of Music Unites. The performers for these venues have included Derek Jacobi, Joshua Bell, Natasha Paremski, Natalie Clein, Jonathan Pryce, Jeremy Denk and John Lithgow. The concert was televised by Opus Arte at the Royal Opera House and is now available on DVD. In March 2014, Caird devised and directed At Home in the World – a charity concert in collaboration with the Japanese orphan's charity Ashinaga and Vassar College of New York, involving young musicians and dancers from Japan, Uganda and America. The concert was performed in theatres in Tokyo and Tohoku, the area of Japan badly affected by the tsunami of 2011. At Home in the World was revived in 2015 at the Rose Theatre, Lincoln Centre, New York and the Warner Theatre in Washington DC with new songs by Matt Gould and Tarik O’Regan and choreography by Griffin Matthews. In 2016 the third leg of the journey was completed with a visit to Kampala, Uganda where the young performers played an outdoor gala at the Ndere Centre in support of Ashinaga’s African Initiative. In 2016 Caird co-curated and directed, with Tom Morris and Emily Blacksell, the Bristol Old Vic Theatre’s 250th Anniversary Gala - with a star-studded cast of BOV alumni, including Stephanie Cole, Pippa Haywood, Toby Jones, Michael Morpurgo, Sian Phillips, Tim Pigott-Smith, Caroline Quentin and Timothy West. Writing Caird's book about directing for the stage – THEATRE CRAFT – was published by Faber and Faber in March 2010 in London and New York. Mustardseed Trust Caird founded the Mustardseed Arts and Educational Trust in 2001 to encourage and promote Artistic and Educational projects, especially in the developing world. In 2018, Mustardseed Trust, in partnership with Magdalen College School, Oxford and Ambrosoli School, Kampala, Uganda, funded the building and establishment of Mustardseed Junior School in Sentema, Uganda. Personal life Caird has been married four times and has four sons and four daughters. His first marriage was to Helen Brammer in Oxford in 1970. His second was to Ann Dorszynski (Annie Caird) in Finsbury, London, in 1982. They have three children: Joanna (Jo) (born 29 January 1983), Benjamin (Ben) (born 10 October 1984) and Samuel (Sam) (born 8 July 1987). His third was to Frances Ruffelle in 1990, in Westminster, London. They have two children: Eliza (born 15 April 1988) and Nathaniel (born 17 June 1990). His fourth was to Maoko Imai in Argiano, Italy, in 1998. They have three children: Yoji (born 19 October 1998), Miyako (Mimi) (born 18 January 2000) and Yayako (Yaya) (born 14 March 2002). His elder brother James is an architect, town planner and heritage consultant. His younger brother George (Geordie) is an oboist and principal emeritus of the Birmingham Conservatoire. His sister Dr. Margaret (Meg) Laing is research fellow in mediaeval dialectology at the University of Edinburgh. Caird is an honorary Fellow of Mansfield College, Oxford, an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Music, an honorary Fellow of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama (Coleg Brenhinol Cerdd a Drama Cymru) has an honorary D.Litt. from the University of East Anglia and is a Companion of LIPA (The Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts). He is also a member of the Kenjin-Tatsujin Council for the orphans charity Ashinaga Ikuekai in Japan. Stage productions 1977: Dance of Death (Other Place, Warehouse & Aldwych, London 1978) 1978: Savage Amusement (Warehouse) 1978: Look Out! Here Comes Trouble (Warehouse) 1978: The Adventures of Awful Knawful (Warehouse) 1979: Merry Wives of Windsor (Stratford & Aldwych, 1980) 1979: Caucasian Chalk Circle (Touring & Warehouse Theatre) 1980: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (Aldwych 1980–1) 1981: Naked Robots (Warehouse) 1981: The Twin Rivals (Other Place & The Pit Theatre, London, 1982) 1982: Nicholas Nickleby (Plymouth Theatre, Broadway) 1982: Song and Dance (Palace Theatre, London) 1982: Our Friends in the North (Other Place, The Pit Theatre, London) 1982: Peter Pan by JM Barrie (Barbican Theatre, London) 1983: Twelfth Night (Stratford) 1984: Romeo and Juliet (Touring, The Other Place & The Pit 1985–6) 1984: The Merchant of Venice (Stratford) 1984: Red Star (The Pit, London) 1984: As You Like It (Som Ni Vill Ha Det) (Stadsteatern, Stockholm) 1984: Nicholas Nickleby (Stratford & Ahmanson Theatre LA & Broadway) 1985: Les Misérables (Barbican, Palace Theatre & Broadway 1986) 1985: Philistines (Other Place & The Pit Theatre, London, 1986) 1986: Misalliance (Barbican) 1986: Every Man in His Humour (The Swan Theatre, Stratford) 1987: The New Inn (The Swan) 1987: Les Misérables (Imperial Theatre, Tokyo) 1988: A Question of Geography (Other Place & The Pit, London) 1989: A Midsummer Night's Dream (Stratford & Barbican & UK Tour, 1990) 1989: As You Like It (Stratford & Barbican, 1990) 1990: Siegfried and Roy Spectacular (Le Mirage, Las Vegas, USA) 1991: Zaïde (Musica nel Chiostro, Batignano, Italy) 1991: Children of Eden (Prince Edward Theatre, London) 1992: Anthony and Cleopatra (Stratford & Barbican, 1993) 1992: Columbus and the Discovery of Japan by Richard Nelson (Barbican) 1992: The Beggar's Opera (Swan Theatre & Barbican, 1993) 1993: Trelawny of the Wells (Olivier Theatre, RNT, London) 1993: Life Sentences (Second Stage Theatre, Broadway, NY) 1994: The Seagull (Olivier Theatre, RNT, London) 1995 The Millionairess (UK Tour) 1996: Stanley (Cottesloe Theatre, RNT & Circle in the Square, Broadway, 1997) 1997: Jane Eyre (Royal Alexandra Theatre, Toronto) 1997: Peter Pan (Olivier Theatre, RNT) 1998: Jane Eyre (La Jolla Playhouse, California) 1999: Candide, (Olivier Theatre, RNT) 1999: Money (Olivier Theatre, RNT) 2000: Hamlet (Olivier Theatre, RNT, Elsinore, EuropeanTour & BAM, 2001) 2000: A Midsummer Night's Dream (En midsommarnattsdröm) (Dramaten) 2000: Jane Eyre (Broadway) 2001: Humble Boy (Cottesloe Theatre, RNT & Gielgud Theatre, 2002) 2002: Twelfth Night (Trettondagsafton) (Dramaten, Stockholm) 2002: What the Night is For (Comedy Theatre, London) 2003: Humble Boy (Manhattan Theatre Club, New York) 2004: Rattle of a Simple Man (Comedy Theatre, London) 2004: Becket (Theatre Royal Haymarket, London) 2004: Les Misérables (Queen's Theatre, London) 2005: Macbeth (Almeida Theatre, London) 2005: Twin Spirits (Royal Opera House, Covent Garden) 2005: Don Carlos (Welsh National Opera, Cardiff & UK Tour) 2005: The Screams of Kitty Genovese (Public Theater, New York) 2006: The Beggar's Opera (Nissay Theatre, Tokyo) 2006: Twin Spirits (New Victory Theater, New York) 2006: Les Misérables (Broadhurst Theatre, New York) 2007: Dödsdansen (Dramaten, Stockholm) 2007: A Midsummer Night's Dream, (Natsu no Yo no Yume) (New National, Tokyo) 2007: Kinshu (Galaxy Theatre, Tokyo) 2007: Don Carlos (Canadian Opera Company, Toronto) 2008: The Beggar's Opera (Nissay Theatre, Tokyo & Osaka) 2008: Aida (Welsh National Opera, Cardiff and Birmingham) 2008: Private Lives (Shiseikatsu) (Theatre Crié, Tokyo) 2009: Merry Wives of Windsor (Muntra fruarna i Windsor) (Dramaten) 2009: Brief Encounter (Houston Grand Opera) 2009: Midsummer Night's Dream (Natsu no Yo no Yume) (Tokyo & Toyama) 2009: Jane Eyre (Nissay Theatre, Tokyo) 2009: Daddy Long Legs (Rubicon Theatre, Ventura, California) 2009: Kinshu (Galaxy Theatre, Tokyo & Japanese tour) 2010: Tosca (Houston Grand Opera) 2010: Candide (Imperial Theatre, Tokyo) 2010: Daddy Long Legs (US Tour) 2010: The Tempest (Stormen) (Dramaten) 2011: Romeo and Juliet (Romeo och Julia) (Dramaten) 2011: Don Giovanni (Welsh National Opera – Cardiff and UK Tour) 2012: Don Carlos (Houston Grand Opera) 2012: Daddy Long Legs (Theatre Crié, Tokyo) 2012: Jane Eyre (Nissay Theatre Tokyo & Hakata-za, Kyushu) 2012: La Bohème (Houston Grand Opera) 2012: Daddy Long Legs (London) 2012: Little Miss Scrooge (Rubicon Theatre, Ventura, California) 2013: Tosca (LA Opera) 2013: La Bohème (Canadian Opera Company, Toronto) 2013: Parsifal (Chicago Lyric Opera) 2013: Little Miss Scrooge (Ventura) 2014: Gertrud (Royal Dramatic Theatre, Stockholm) 2014: La Bohème (San Francisco Opera) 2015: Tosca (Chicago Lyric Opera) 2015: Twelfth Night (Nissay Theatre, Tokyo) 2015: McQueen (St. James & Haymarket Theatres, London) 2015: Love’s Labour’s Lost (Stratford Festival, Canada) 2015: Daddy Long Legs (Davenport Theatre, New York) 2015: Tosca (Houston Grand Opera) 2015 At Home in the World (Tokyo, NY and DC) 2016 At Home in the World (Ndere Centre, Kampala) 2017 Hamlet (Geigeki Theatre, Tokyo) 2017 La Bohème (San Francisco) 2018 Don Giovanni (WNO, Cardiff) 2018 Knights’ Tale (Imperial Theatre, Tokyo) 2019 The Phoenix (Houston Grand Opera) 2020 Estella Scrooge (Streaming Musicals) 2021 Knights’ Tale (Tokyo and Japan Tour) 2022 Spirited Away (Tokyo and Japan Tour) 2022 Orfeo (Garsington Opera) Publications Peter Pan Dramatists Play Service, NY (1987) Children of Eden Music Theatre International, NY (1997) The Beggar's Opera Dramatists Play Service, NY (1999) Peter Pan Methuen Publishing, UK (1999) Candide Music Theatre International, NY (2002) Jane Eyre Music Theatre International, NY (2003) Daddy Long Legs Music Theatre International, NY (2016) Theatre Craft Faber & Faber (2010) Recordings Les Misérables, First Night Records, 1985 (& numerous further cast recordings worldwide.) Children of Eden, First Night Records, 1991 (& RCA Victor/BMG 1998). The Beggar's Opera, London Records, 1992. Jane Eyre, Angel Records, 1998 (& Sony Music Entertainment 2000). Candide, RNT & First Night Records, 2000. Daddy Long Legs (Paul Gordon Music) 2010 Brief Encounter Deutsche Grammophon (2011) Daddy Long Legs (Toho Records) 2014 Daddy Long Legs (Ghostlight Records 2015) Awards 1980 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director for Nicholas Nickleby. 1981 Evening Standard Drama Award for Best Director for Nicholas Nickleby. 1982 Tony Award for Best Director for Nicholas Nickleby. 1982 Outer Critics Circle Award, Special Citation for Nicholas Nickleby. 1987 Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical for Les Misérables. 1987 Tony Award for Best Director for Les Misérables. 1994 Laurence Olivier Award (Nomination) for Best Director of a Musical for The Beggar's Opera 1994 Laurence Olivier Award (Nomination) for Best Musical Revival for The Beggar's Opera 1997 Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Director of a Play for Stanley. 1997 Tony Award (Nomination) for Best Direction of a Play for Stanley 1999 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival for Candide. 2001 Outer Critics Circle Award (Nomination) Outstanding Broadway Musical for Jane Eyre 2001 Tony Award (Nomination) for Best Musical for Jane Eyre 2001 Tony Award (Nomination) for Best Original Score for Jane Eyre 2001 Tony Award (Nomination) for Best Book of a Musical for Jane Eyre 2006 Nippon Engeki Kogyo Kyukai Award for Kinshu, Midsummer Night's Dream and Beggar's Opera. 2007 Kikuta Kazuo Theatre Award for Special Achievement in Japanese Theatre 2010 LA Ovation Award (Nomination) for Director of a Musical for Daddy Long Legs 2010 LA Ovation Award for Book of a Musical for Daddy Long Legs 2016 Drama Desk Award (Nomination) for Outstanding Musical for Daddy Long Legs 2016 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Book of a Musical for Daddy Long Legs 2022 Nippon Engeki Kogyo Kyukai Award for Spirited Away References External links 1948 births English people of Scottish descent Living people English theatre directors Laurence Olivier Award winners Tony Award winners People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford People from Edmonton Alumni of Bristol Old Vic Theatre School English opera librettists Academics of the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire
The L&YR Class 26 was a class of 20 passenger steam locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway designed by Henry Hoy and introduced in 1903. Most passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) at the grouping in 1923 though they were withdrawn soon afterwards with none remaining in service after 1926. Design and construction Hoy intended the class to work Manchester, Rochdale, Oldham and Bury services where heavier trains and on lines gradients were giving difficulties to the Aspinall 2-4-2T radial tank locomotives. To a degree they were an evolutionary design based on the enlarged version of the 2-4-2T radial tanks with six-coupled wheels and the belpaire firebox used on the Aspinall Atlantic High Flyers and Coal engine 0-8-0 types. Service On their introduction in 1903 they were allocated to Liverpool to Southport workings covering a temporary shortage of electric stock; they were subsequently placed on their intended routes where they had an initially successful introduction. Problems with the class shortly emerged. Their heavy weight was not good for the track and the long rigid wheelbase put pressure on rails with severe curves in sidings. The flanges were removed from the centre driving wheels which eased some issues but increased the risk of derailment on track which was slightly out of alignment and particularly notably at junctions, flangeless driving wheels working better on smaller wheels placed closer together. The side tanks had a propensity to severely leak and they gained a reputation for poor stopping ability. Where George Hughes produced a superheated upgrade to the 2-4-2T radial tank they were able to perform the services allocated to the 2-6-2Ts and the latter were removed from passenger services in 1913 and placed on banking and shunting duties with water pickup equipment and coal rail removed for increased visibility for these duties. They were not best suited to these duties due to large driving wheels and having the flanges on the centre wheels removed. Numbering Withdrawal One was withdrawn with unrepairable cracked frames in 1920. A total of thee, Nos 202, 404 and 125 were withdrawn before being allocated a LMS number in 1923. In the event only two (11704 and 11711) actually carried their allocated LMS number and all members of the class were withdrawn by 1926. All had been scrapped by 1928 and none have been preserved. References Sources 2-6-2T locomotives 26 Railway locomotives introduced in 1903
On December 31, 2014, a suicide bomber blew himself up at the cultural center in Ibb, Yemen, killing as many as 49 people and injuring up to 70 others. This was the deadliest attack in the country during 2014, as well as the second major bombing in less than a month, after the 2014 Rada' bombings. Bombing In celebration of Muhammad's birthday, Houthis supporters organized a celebration for students at the cultural center in Ibb. Over 500 people were in attendance at the event. Around 11:00am, in the back of the hall, a suicide bomber dressed as a woman, blew himself up using an explosive belt he was wearing. Prior to blowing himself up, the suicide bomber was socializing with guests and did not appear out of the ordinary to other attendees. The group responsible for the bombing was, and still is unknown, although it is suspected to be Al-Qaeda. A second bomb was discovered, prior to detonation, near the entrance to the building. Reactions National President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi: "I send my condolences to Ibb Governor and to martyrs families for criminal and terrorist attack" were his words through a telegram which also emphasized that "one so brutal action demonstrates that it seek cowardly deprive of the elements of human values and moral and religious principles". Cabinet: "We have to work for stop the bloodshed every day, it´s too violence, destruction, bloodshed and grief." The Council strongly condemns this terrorist act indendently of the murderer and intellectual authors. Also, it underlined "the humanitarians, religious, nationals and moral values"... underlining that "this despicable act reflects their stray thoughts and the blind and black hatred against this nation and its people." The hall expressed its condoleces to the families who have lost loved ones too and said the security services will investigate the tragedy to find the culprits. The Government will help to the injured and wounded, they added. International United States: The United States Department of State responded to the bombing, stating "The United States strongly condemns today’s suicide attacks against a peaceful local gathering in Ibb, Yemen, which killed over 30 people, including children, who were celebrating a religious holiday. We extend our deepest condolences to the families of those killed and wounded in the attack. We will continue to stand with the Government of Yemen and the Yemeni people to counter the shared threat posed by violent extremists." France: In response to the bombing, France stated, "France condemns the attack that killed 49 people in Ibb on December 31. It extends its condolences to the victims’ families and expresses its sympathy with the injured. We reaffirm our support for the Yemeni authorities and people in their fight against terrorism and call on all parties to reject all forms of violence." Turkey: The Turkish Foreign Ministry responded, stating that "We strongly condemn the terrorist attack which was perpetrated today in Ibb Province of Yemen targeting a cultural center and caused death and injury of many people. We wish God’s mercy upon those who lost their lives in the attack, convey our condolences to their families and the brotherly people of Yemen, and wish also speedy recovery to the wounded. We observe the recently increasing terrorist attacks in Yemen with sadness. Peace, security and stability in Yemen can only be ensured by enabling the control of state authority throughout the country and establishing the public order. Turkey will continue to support the efforts in line with this goal." Iran: Marziyeh Afkham, spokeswoman for the Iran Foreign Ministry, condemned the bombing. In a speech she gave, she asked for " cooperation among all Yemeni parties and factions to implement the peace agreement in the country". She also said that the people of Yemen will "uproot terrorism". References 2014 murders in Yemen Attacks in Asia in 2014 Terrorist incidents in Yemen in 2014 Mass murder in 2014 Terrorist incidents attributed to al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Ibb District Suicide bombings in Yemen December 2014 events in Yemen Yemeni Civil War crimes
PCAS may refer to: Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey, astronomical survey Patient-controlled analgesia methods Persistent Close Air Support Personal Carbon Allowances, a concept in Personal carbon trading Polytechnics Central Admissions System Portable Collision Avoidance System Postgraduate Certificate in Antarctic Studies at University of Canterbury Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Tiziana Rivale (born Letizia Oliva on 13 August 1958) is an Italian singer primarily associated with the Italo disco style. In 1983, she won the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Sarà quel che sarà". Life and career Letizia Olivia was born in Formia, Italy, where by the age of eleven she had become determined to pursue a musical career. After being a vocalist in the musical group Rockollection, in 1980 Oliva debuted as a solo singer under the stage name Tiziana Ciao. After signing under contract with WEA Italiana, she adopted her career-long stage name Tiziana Rivale (occasionally shortened to just Rivale for releases) and released her debut single under this name, "L'amore va". A self-trained vocalist, around the same time she had been recording television jingles with other artists, including Ivana Spagna and Ronnie Jones. In 1983, Rivale won a selection organized by Domenica in that put up for grabs a place in the 32nd edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, and eventually won the main competition with the song "Sarà quel che sarà". The song was also Rivale's biggest commercial success, remaining on the Italian music charts for twelve weeks and peaking at No. 5. Rivale would go on to gradually record and release three albums following the competition – the eponymous self-titled pop ballad-based Tiziana Rivale (1983) which also featured "Sarà quel che sarà", the synth-pop/Italo disco album Contatto (1986), and the Italo disco concept album Destiny (1988). Although she starred in a music video – her only one – for the titular track of Destiny, no commercial single was ever released. As the 1980s came to a close, Rivale gradually focused her attention on live musical performances, primarily performing in club venues and seldom making television appearances by the end of the decade as the popularity of the genre waned. Between 1988 and 1992 Rivale took a break from the music industry and moved to Los Angeles before moving back to Italy and resuming her musical career. Following the release of the albums Con tutto l'amore che c'è (1996) and Angelo biondo (2000), as well as her sole compilation album Il meglio (1997), Rivale would then sign on with the retro label Flashback Records. Off her sixth studio album Mystic Rain (2009) the lead single "Ash" (2008) was well-received upon release, and has been regarded as one of the best Italo disco songs in recent years. Rivale released two additional studio albums under similar retro labels, True (2011) and the multi-language Babylon 2015 (2015); while none of these new albums managed to chart, they were made widely available as her older albums became more widely re-released and internationally distributed. Rivale continues to perform in Italian retro club venues as well as record new material. Discography Singles "L'amore va" (1983) – Italy No. 76 "Sarà quel che sarà" / "Serenade" (1983) – Italy No. 5 "Questo mondo è una baracca" (1983) "C'est la vie" (1984) – Italy No. 115 "Ferma il mondo" / "Moviestory" (1985) "È finita qui" (1994) "Ash" / "Flame" (2008) – Italy No. 208 "Telephone" / "Daily Dream" (2009) "For Always" (2014) Albums Tiziana Rivale (1983) – Italy No. 38 Contatto (1986) – Italy No. 80 Destiny (1988) (as Rivale) – Italy No. 123 Con tutto l'amore che c'è (1996) (as Rivale) Angelo biondo (2000) Mystic Rain (2009) (as Rivale) True (2011) Babylon 2015 (2015) Compilations Il meglio (1997) – Italy No. 98 All albums and single releases credited as Tiziana Rivale unless otherwise stated. References External links Italian pop singers 1958 births Living people Sanremo Music Festival winners 20th-century Italian composers 20th-century Italian women musicians 20th-century Italian singers Italo disco musicians Italian women singers Italian women Italian women musicians People from the Province of Latina 21st-century Italian composers 21st-century Italian women musicians 21st-century Italian singers
Yunnanilus pleurotaenia is a species of stone loach, family Nemacheilidae. It is endemic to Yunnan in southern China. It is known with certainty from Dian Lake and the associated streams; similar fish reported from other lakes might or might not refer to this species. It grows to SL. References P Freshwater fish of China Endemic fauna of Yunnan Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan Fish described in 1904
General elections were held in the Kingdom of Denmark on 18 June 2015 to elect the 179 members of the Folketing. 175 members were elected in the Denmark proper, two in the Faroe Islands and two in Greenland. Although the ruling Social Democrats became the largest party in the Folketing and increased their seat count, the opposition Venstre party was able to form a minority government headed by Lars Løkke Rasmussen with the support of the Danish People's Party, the Liberal Alliance and the Conservative People's Party. Background Following the 2011 general election, a minority government was formed by the Social Democrats, the Social Liberal Party and the Socialist People's Party. The government was supported by the Red–Green Alliance. Helle Thorning-Schmidt, the leader of the Social Democrats, became Prime Minister. The government had rocky relations with the Red–Green Alliance, relying on their ad hoc support to pass bills instead of a formalized alliance. As a result, they occasionally preferred to cooperate with Venstre to pass legislation. Symbolically, Red–Green deputy Frank Aaen told Finance Minister Bjarne Corydon "Happy New Year" on 28 February 2013, because the government had failed to meet with his party since the beginning of 2013. On 3 February 2014, the Socialist People's Party left the government in protest over the sale of shares in the public energy company DONG Energy to the investment bank Goldman Sachs. This sparked a crisis within the Socialist People's Party, as three former cabinet ministers left the party, joining either the Social Democrats or the Social Liberal Party. However, the Socialist People's Party continued to support the government on confidence motions, preventing an early election. The incumbent government prior to the elections consisted of a coalition between the Social Democrats and Social Liberal Party, with Helle Thorning-Schmidt continuing as Prime Minister. The cabinet was composed of 14 Social Democratic ministers and 6 Social Liberal ministers. Electoral system The 179 members of the Folketing were elected in Denmark (175), the Faroe Islands (2) and Greenland (2). The 175 seats in Denmark included 135 seats elected in ten multi-member constituencies by proportional representation, using a modified version of the Sainte-Laguë method and Hare quota, and 40 "top-up" seats, allocated to parties in order to address any imbalance in the distribution of the constituency seats. According to the Danish Constitution, the election had to be held no later than 14 September 2015, as the last election was held on 15 September 2011. The Prime Minister was able to call the election at any date, provided it was no later than four years from the previous election, and this is often cited as a tactical advantage to the sitting government, as it can call an early election when polls are favourable. On 27 May Thorning-Schmidt announced that the elections would be held on 18 June 2015. Opinion polls Polls notably underestimated the vote share received by the Danish People's Party. Results By constituency Aftermath and government formation Although the Social Democrats increased their share of the vote and won the most seats for the first time since 2001, the "Blue" opposition bloc led by Venstre's Rasmussen (Venstre, Danish People's Party, Liberal Alliance, Conservative People's Party, and Christian Democrats) gained a parliamentary majority over the "Red" Social Democrat-led bloc (Social Democrats, Red–Green Alliance, The Alternative, Social Liberals, and Socialist People's Party). Within an hour of the election result being declared, Thorning-Schmidt announced her government would step down on 19 June, and that she would also resign as party leader on the same day. In accordance with the Danish Constitution, on the day after the election each party submitted their recommendation to Queen Margrethe II for the appointment of a party to be in charge of government formation negotiations (the role of the Queen was purely formal, as her appointment had to reflect the will of the majority of the elected MPs). The submitted recommendations showed a parliamentary majority (all "blue bloc" parties) for Venstre to lead the process of government formation. The negotiation mandate was unconditional from all "blue bloc" parties, except Liberal Alliance, who initially made their support conditional on a first negotiation phase being restricted to the attempt to assemble a majority government (including all elected "blue bloc" parties). After Rasmussen had been granted this specific mandate, he invited such negotiations to begin on 20 June. Negotiations began on 20 June, but it was not thought likely that a majority government involving all the "blue bloc" parties was possible. The Conservative People's Party indicated they would rather stay out of a government coalition. The Danish People's Party set out four conditions for their involvement in a coalition: a Eurosceptic approach to the EU, the re-introduction of border controls, further restrictions on immigration and asylum policy, and 0.8% growth in public spending. Meanwhile, the Liberal Alliance also indicated willingness to be in a coalition, but the party supports reductions in public spending, as does Venstre. On 21 June, Rasmussen concluded that, having tried, it would not be possible to form a majority government and he announced his intention to seek a new negotiation mandate allowing a minority government. On 28 June, Lars Løkke Rasmussen's new government assumed office with a cabinet composed solely of Venstre ministers. See also List of members of the Folketing, 2015–2019 Notes References External links Election polling and trends Politiken.dk Greenland Folketing Election Results Qinersineq Further reading Denmark 2015 elections in Denmark 2015 in the Faroe Islands 2015 in Greenland 2015 Elections in the Faroe Islands Elections in Greenland June 2015 events in Europe
Amirabad (, also Romanized as Amīrābād) is a village in Solgi Rural District, Khezel District, Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 35 families. References Populated places in Nahavand County
Ivo Watts-Russell (born 1954) is a British music producer and record label executive. He was joint-founder with Peter Kent of the indie record label 4AD. He has produced several records, although he prefers to use the term "musical director". Early years Watts-Russell was born in Edinburgh,the youngest of eight children of Major David Watts-Russell and Gina Spinola (née Baker); he "never related emotionally" to either of his parents, and grew up "on a dilapidated Northamptonshire estate in an atmosphere of almost Victorian froideur". He was educated at Oundle School. His paternal grandfather, Captain Arthur Egerton Birch, of the Coldstream Guards (son of the colonial administrator Sir Arthur Nonus Birch), took his mother's surname at the age of 21, she being of the Watts-Russell gentry family formerly of Ilam Hall, Staffordshire. Captain Arthur Egerton Watts-Russell married Sylvia Grenfell, of the family of the Barons Grenfell, through whom Ivo Watts-Russell is a cousin of the war poet Julian Grenfell. In 1977, he joined Beggars Banquet Records as they were starting their label. Career One of his better-known productions is the Cocteau Twins' debut Garlands. (He is the namesake of "Ivo", the lead track of Cocteau Twins' 1984 album, Treasure.) He also led This Mortal Coil, writing and selecting songs; choosing the personnel for each song; and occasionally playing keyboards. A few years after the release of This Mortal Coil's final studio album, he founded and produced a band called The Hope Blister. which released two albums: ...smile's OK (1998) and Underarms (1999). Although 4AD first released Underarms as a limited edition CD, the label reissued it in 2005 as Underarms and Sideways, the second disc of which has seven remixes by Markus Guentner. Later years He had a nervous breakdown in 1994 and sold his half of 4AD to Martin Mills in 1999. He moved to Santa Fe in the US where he still lives. References External links Official 4AD website Living people 4AD People from Northamptonshire People educated at Oundle School 1954 births English record producers British expatriates in the United States People from Santa Fe, New Mexico This Mortal Coil members
Michael van Gerwen (; born 25 April 1989) is a Dutch professional darts player. He is currently ranked No. 3 in the world, having been No. 1 from 2014 to 2021. He is also a three-time PDC World Champion, having won the title in 2014, 2017 and 2019. Van Gerwen is widely regarded as one of the best players of all time. Van Gerwen began playing darts at the age of 13. He won the 2006 World Masters and threw a televised nine-dart finish at the 2007 Masters of Darts, becoming the youngest player to do both, aged 17. However, after this initial burst onto the darting scene, van Gerwen struggled for consistent form until his breakthrough year in 2012. Improving from world number 38 at the start of 2012 to number four at the beginning of 2013, he won his first major PDC title at the World Grand Prix and reached the final at the 2013 World Championship. In 2014, at the age of 24, van Gerwen became the youngest winner of the PDC World Championship, a record he still holds, as well as being one of only five players to win it more than once. He also holds the record for the highest three-dart average in a televised darts match, with 123.4. He dominated darts in subsequent years, winning 18 tournaments in 2015 and 25 in 2016. Van Gerwen is the second most successful player in PDC history, behind Phil Taylor. He has won the most PDC Pro Tour events, winning 84 as of July 2022 and as of the 8th of july 2023 has won 152 PDC titles worldwide. Early life Michael van Gerwen was born on 25 April 1989 in Boxtel in the Netherlands. He played football as a defender until he was 12 and began playing darts regularly at 13. He reached the final of the Primus Masters Youth event at the age of 14 in 2003. He then started to amass youth titles in 2005 including the German Open, German Gold Cup, Norway Open, Northern Ireland Open, Swedish Open and the Dutch National Youth Championship; which he also defended in 2006. He also won the Men's events in the Norway and Northern Ireland Opens in the same year that he took the youth titles. Before he became a professional darts player, he worked as a tiler. BDO career Van Gerwen picked up several Open titles and rose up the BDO/WDF World Rankings having climbed to third before his 18th birthday. He reached the semi-finals of the Bavaria World Darts Trophy in 2006. Despite losing to Martin Adams, the Dutch youngster came within one dart of the perfect nine-dart finish, just missing double twelve. He did manage the highest possible checkout of 170 during the tournament. He managed to eclipse that performance at the 2006 Winmau World Masters by becoming the youngest ever champion. Having trailed 1–4 and 2–5 to Adams, he came back to win the title and take Eric Bristow's record as the youngest ever winner at the age of 17 years and 174 days. His early career success led to speculation that he would join the other professional circuit of darts, the Professional Darts Corporation. However, during the 2006 World Darts Trophy, van Gerwen held a press conference to make it clear that he wanted to stay with the BDO/WDF. He also finished top of the DDF (Dutch Darts Federation) Rankings, which would have secured him a place at the PDC World Championship, if he chose to accept. He had already committed to playing at Lakeside, so the place went to Rico Vonck, who finished second in the rankings. Van Gerwen was the bookmakers' pre-tournament favourite to win the 2007 Lakeside World title, but his hopes were ended in the first round by Gary Robson. On the night of the 2007 BDO World Championship final, it was announced on Dutch television that Van Gerwen, along with Jelle Klaasen and Vincent van der Voort, would be switching to the Professional Darts Corporation. PDC career 2007–2011 Van Gerwen started at 88 in the PDC World Rankings. Although he was a BDO player he was eligible for certain PDC events in his home country, even before he switched to the PDC. This included the Open Holland in 2006, in which he took the title. He made his PDC debut on 20 January at the non-televised Stan James Players Championships in Gibraltar and beat Andy Hamilton before losing in the last 16 to fellow countryman Roland Scholten. In the second Players Championship the following day, he beat Raymond van Barneveld in the early rounds only to lose to Alan Warriner-Little in the quarter-finals. He followed up his victory over van Barneveld by beating 13 times World Champion Phil Taylor by 3 sets to 0 on the opening night of the Masters of Darts tournament. All three sets went to a deciding leg which van Gerwen clinched with 14, 12 and 12 darts. He went on to reach the semi-final of the tournament and achieved a perfect nine-dart finish against van Barneveld, but lost the match. His televised PDC debut came at the 2007 UK Open, where he lost in the last 32 to Colin Osborne. He failed to qualify for the 2007 Las Vegas Desert Classic and was defeated in round two of the World Matchplay in Blackpool by Ronnie Baxter 12–14, having been one leg from victory at 12–10. His first PDC World Championship saw him paired with Phil Taylor in 2008's first round; notably, he had one dart at double 12 to win the match and knock out the 13 time world champion. It would have ended Taylor's phenomenal record of reaching every PDC World Championship Final. Wayne Mardle did end Taylor's run in that year's quarter-finals. Van Gerwen ended his long wait for a tournament victory by beating his Dutch compatriot Vincent van der Voort 6–3 in the final of the Players Championship in Taunton on 11 April 2009 and earned him £6,000 towards the Order of Merit. Van Gerwen was defeated 6–4 by Arron Monk in the final of the inaugural PDC Under-21 World Championship during the 2011 PDC World Championship. 2012 In the 2012 World Championship, van Gerwen made it to the last 16 for the first time by beating Colin Osborne and Mervyn King. Van Gerwen lost nine out of the first ten legs in his last 16 game to trail 0–3 to Simon Whitlock, but produced an incredible comeback to level the match at 3–3. He couldn't maintain his form, however, as he lost all three legs in the deciding set to exit the tournament 3–4. Van Gerwen was named Young Player of the Year at the PDC annual awards ceremony on 3 January 2012, for winning four PDC Unicorn Youth Tour events during 2011 and his World Championship run. In 2012, he won the second UK Open qualifier of the season, defeating Dave Chisnall in the final 6–1. In the UK Open itself he lost in the last 16 to Terry Jenkins. Van Gerwen topped the PDC Youth Tour Order of Merit going into the 2012 PDC World Youth Championship, but went on to lose in the final for a second consecutive year, this time against James Hubbard. Van Gerwen won the eighth Players Championship event in June after beating Simon Whitlock 6–1 in the final. At the World Matchplay, he won 5 legs in a row to record a 10–6 victory over Simon Whitlock in the first round, and then faced a last 16 encounter with Steve Beaton, which he won 13–9 while throwing the fourth nine-dart finish in the tournament's history in the tenth leg. Van Gerwen was 5–11 down in his quarter-final against James Wade, but produced a fightback to only trail 11–12 and then missed one dart to level the game. He went on to lose 13–16. Van Gerwen's third title of the year came at the 11th Players Championship, where he defeated Ian White 6–1 in the final with a 107.85 average. Van Gerwen was involved in an exceptional match in the last 16 of the European Championship as he was defeated by compatriot Raymond van Barneveld 9–10, despite averaging 104. Another Players Championship success followed with a 6–5 victory over Robert Thornton. In October 2012, van Gerwen won his first PDC major title at the World Grand Prix. He came from behind to knock out Colin Lloyd 2–1 in the first round, and then beat an out of sorts Adrian Lewis 3–1 in the second. In the quarter-final against Andy Hamilton, he missed four darts to win 3–1, only for Hamilton to take out a 160 finish to force a decider. Van Gerwen maintained his composure and took the final set 3–2 and then heavily out-scored Wes Newton in the semi-finals in a 5–1 win. He played Mervyn King in the final, defeating him 6–4, after being 0–3 and 1–4 down. Van Gerwen afterwards described the win as the best day in his life and in claiming the £100,000 prize he rose to world number eight, overtaking van Barneveld as the highest placed Dutchman. He did not have to wait long for his sixth title of the year, as he won the following week's Players Championship averaging 113 against Jamie Caven in the semi-finals, before beating Nick Fullwell 6–3 in the final. In a Championship League game, van Gerwen averaged an incredible 121.86 whilst defeating Steve Beaton 6–0. He won six of his seven league matches to finish top of the table, but then lost 5–6 to the same opponent in the semi-finals. He soon returned to winning ways by taking another Players Championship title, coming back from 0–4 in the final against Ian White to triumph 6–5. Van Gerwen won all three of his group games at the Grand Slam of Darts to top Group B and face Phil Taylor in the last 16, in a match billed as a clash between the current best two players in the world. There, van Gerwen ended a five-year, 15-game losing streak against Taylor to defeat him 10–5 with a 108.38 average in a performance he described as the best of his career. He played Scott Waites in the quarter-finals, who himself had already beaten Taylor in the tournament, and produced another superb display as he hit two 170 finishes and an average of 106.63 in a 16–12 win. He averaged over 100 once more to defeat Dean Winstanley 16–8 in the semi-finals, to set up a clash in the final against compatriot and five-time world champion Raymond van Barneveld. Van Gerwen was never ahead in the final and couldn't quite match the heavy scoring and clinical finishing he had produced earlier in the tournament as he was beaten 14–16. His eighth tournament win of 2012 came at the 20th and final Players Championship, where he beat Taylor for the first time in a final and also beat reigning world champion Adrian Lewis in the semi-finals. He was 4–5 down to Taylor, but produced back-to-back finishes of 164 and 124 to win and in doing so finished third on the ProTour Order of Merit to qualify for the Finals. Van Gerwen went out of the Finals in the second round 8–10 to Andy Hamilton despite winning the first four legs of the match. 2013 After his exceptional year in 2012, van Gerwen entered the 2013 World Championship as the second favourite behind Phil Taylor. He saw off Paul Lim 3–0 in the first round to play Peter Wright in the second round, who described van Gerwen as "not good enough" before the match. Van Gerwen was 0–2 down but stormed back by winning 12 of the next 14 legs to advance with a 4–2 win and then beat Colin Lloyd 4–1 in the third round to face reigning two-time world champion Adrian Lewis in the quarter-finals. The match was a classic as both players averaged over 100, with Lewis coming back from a set down four times to level the match at 4–4. In the deciding set, Lewis missed two darts at double top for the match, as van Gerwen stepped in to finish 83, 108 and double four in successive legs to seal the win and progress to the semi-final. At 3–1 up in his semi-final match against James Wade, van Gerwen hit a nine-dart finish. He almost repeated the feat in the very next leg, after hitting eight perfect darts before missing one dart at double 12 that would have seen him become the first player ever to hit back-to-back perfect legs. However, he lost the set and the next as Wade leveled the match, but van Gerwen's superior scoring power eventually told as he won the match 6–4. In his first World Championship final, he played fifteen-time winner Phil Taylor and led 2–0 and 4–2, but crucially missed two darts to lead 5–2. Taylor then rallied to win five successive sets to take the title 7–4. Van Gerwen's run in the tournament saw him climb to number four on the Order of Merit, which guaranteed his place in the Premier League for the first time. At the PDC awards dinner in January 2013, van Gerwen won three awards; Young Player of the Year, PDPA Player of the Year and Fans' Player of the Year. In his first World Cup of Darts, he partnered van Barneveld and the Dutch pair suffered a shock in the last 16 when they were beaten 3–5 by the Finnish duo of Jani Haavisto and Jarkko Komula. Van Gerwen won his first tournament of 2013 at the first UK Open Qualifier of the year with a 6–2 victory over Dave Chisnall in the final. He completed a weekend double a day later by defeating Brendan Dolan also by a 6–2 scoreline in the second Qualifier. The win saw van Gerwen replace Wade as the world number three. His run continued by taking the third event with a 6–2 win against Michael Smith. Van Gerwen's first defeat on the 2013 Pro Tour came a day later when Robert Thornton beat him 4–6 in the semi-finals of the fourth Qualifier. His unbeaten run stood at 29 matches until this defeat. Despite losing in the semi-finals of the European Darts Trophy to Paul Nicholson in April, van Gerwen replaced Adrian Lewis as the world number two. He reached another final at the fifth UK Open Qualifier, beating Phil Taylor 6–2 along the way, but lost 1–6 to Simon Whitlock. Van Gerwen bounced back a day later to win the sixth event which included a 112.67 average in a 6–1 win over Michael Smith in the semi-finals and a 6–5 defeat of Kim Huybrechts in the final. He also won the final event with a 6–0 ten-minute thrashing of Mervyn King in the final, meaning he had won five of the eight Qualifiers. His sixth title of the year came a week later at the second Players Championship by beating Stuart Kellett 6–1 in the final. In the 2013 Premier League, van Gerwen became the first player other than Phil Taylor to finish top of the league after Taylor had done it in all eight previous stagings of the event. He won 11, drew two and lost three of his 16 games, averaging over 100 in nine of them. He beat James Wade 8–4 in the semi-finals to face Taylor in the final. Van Gerwen was 2–5 down but then won five unanswered legs before Taylor stopped the rot by taking out a finish of 65. In the next leg, van Gerwen declined a dart at the bull when on a finish of 87 to set up 32, but Taylor stepped in to finish 160 to level the match at 7–7. However, van Gerwen began the 15th leg with a 180 and won two consecutive legs to move within one game of the title. He missed two darts at double eight to win 10–7, but with Taylor leaving 40 after 12 darts in the next, van Gerwen finished 132 on the bull to become only the fourth player to win the Premier League. Van Gerwen's play continued as he won the European Darts Open in Düsseldorf, Germany, saving his best performance for the final where he beat Simon Whitlock 6–2 with an average of 106.68. Another title followed less than a week later as he won the non-ranking Dubai Darts Masters, taking out finishes of 170 and 164 during an 11–7 triumph over Raymond van Barneveld in the final. His 10th tournament win came in June at the Austrian Darts Open by beating Mervyn King 6–3 in the final. It was van Gerwen's fifth title in a row and he was on a run of 24 unbeaten games. He was the number one seed for the UK Open having earned £35,600 in the eight qualifying events, just over £25,000 ahead of Robert Thornton in second place. Van Gerwen stretched his unbeaten streak to 27 games before he met Taylor in the quarter-finals. Van Gerwen did not quite produce his best game as he was beaten 7–10. Two weeks later he won the sixth Players Championship by defeating Andy Hamilton 6–1 in the final. At the Gibraltar Darts Trophy his unbeaten run of 15 matches in European Tour events was ended as he lost to Adrian Lewis 5–6 in the quarter-finals. At the European Championship, van Gerwen beat Mervyn King and Jelle Klaasen both with 104 averages, but was defeated 8–11 by Lewis in the semi-finals. Lewis was also the victor when the two met at the same stage of the World Matchplay, beating van Gerwen 17–15. Van Gerwen overcame Lewis in the semi-finals of the Sydney Darts Masters 10–7, but was then defeated 10–3 in the final by Taylor. In the defence of his World Grand Prix title, van Gerwen swept past John Part 2–0 and van Barneveld 3–0 in 21 minutes to play Dave Chisnall in the quarter-finals. Van Gerwen came from 2–0 down to level the match but Chisnall halted his momentum by winning the final set by three legs to one. He qualified from Group 5 of the Championship League having lost in the final of two previous groups which included a nine-dart finish in a 6–5 loss to Terry Jenkins in Group 4. In the Winners Group, van Gerwen was the only player to beat Taylor and he finished second in the table by winning five of his seven games. In the semi-finals, he saw off Richie Burnett 6–2 to face Taylor in the final. Van Gerwen fell 5–0 down before winning three successive legs but had left himself too much to do and lost 6–3. He finished the year as the top seed for the Players Championship Finals having amassed £125,350 during the year in ProTour events, over £50,000 ahead of Chisnall in second place. He produced two superb comebacks in the event, the first coming in the second round when he took six legs in a row to see off Lewis 9–6. He produced the second in the final as from 6–3 down he hit a seven leg burst against Taylor and secured his second major title of the year with an 11–7 victory. 2014 In the 2014 World Championship, van Gerwen began with victories over qualifier Zoran Lerchbacher and Kevin McDine. He trailed Gary Anderson 3–1 in the third round, but came back to win 4–3. He then faced former BDO World Champion Mark Webster, whom he beat 5–3, to set up a semi-final meeting against Adrian Lewis. Van Gerwen won with a 6–0 whitewash and an average of 103.02, having punished Lewis for a multitude of missed doubles during the match. In his second successive World Championship final, he faced Peter Wright and stormed into a 4–0 lead, before Wright took the next two sets. Van Gerwen made it 6–2, needing one set to win but his scoring and finishing then faltered, as Wright took the next two sets to make it 6–4. Van Gerwen took advantage of two missed darts from Wright in the deciding leg of the next set to win 7–4. He became the sixth different winner of the event and, at the age of 24, the youngest as well as jumping above Phil Taylor to become the new world number one. Later in the month, he won the ProTour Player of the Year, Fans' Player of the Year and PDC Player of the Year at the Annual Awards. On the opening night of the Premier League, van Gerwen registered the first ever whitewash over Taylor in the tournament's history, 7–0 in 13 minutes with an average of 109.59. He enjoyed a title success in his home country at the Dutch Darts Masters by beating Mervyn King in a high quality final where both players averaged over 107. A week later, he won the final UK Open Qualifier with a 6–0 whitewash over Michael Smith. At the UK Open, he was beaten 10–8 in the semi-finals by Terry Jenkins. Van Gerwen won his 20th title on the PDC tour in claiming the second Players Championship by beating Dean Winstanley 6–1. In April, Taylor won their reverse fixture in the Premier League 7–4 and was also the victor when the two met in the final of the German Darts Masters. He finished top of the Premier League table for the second year in a row, winning 11 of his 16 games, and then edged past Gary Anderson 8–7 in the semi-finals. From 5–5 in the final, Raymond van Barneveld took four successive legs and ended van Gerwen's Premier League reign with a 10–6 win. He defended his Dubai Duty Free Darts Masters title by seeing off Wright 11–7. At the World Cup of Darts, van Gerwen and van Barneveld produced a sensational 117.88 average in their doubles decider against Northern Ireland to whitewash them 4–0 and meet England's Taylor and Lewis in the final. Van Gerwen defeated Taylor 4–0 and van Barneveld recorded the same scoreline against Lewis. He went into his singles match versus Lewis knowing a win would earn the Dutch pair the title and he did so with a 4–2 success. Van Gerwen played in his first World Matchplay final this year but couldn't match Taylor's fast start to the match as he trailed 7–1 and 11–2 and, despite a rally to pull back to 14–8, he was beaten 18–9. The loss left van Gerwen in tears on the stage afterwards. He returned to claim the inaugural Singapore Darts Masters with an 11–8 victory over Simon Whitlock. A week later he averaged an incredible 118.21 in beating Paul Nicholson 8–3 in the quarter-finals of the Perth Darts Masters and went on to reach the final where Taylor beat him 11–9. Van Gerwen also won the 14th Players Championship with a 6–4 victory over Michael Smith. A week later, they contested the final of the European Darts Trophy, with van Gerwen losing 6–5 having been 3–0 ahead. He lost in a deciding leg once more at the 15th Players Championship, to Justin Pipe. His second major title of the year came at the World Grand Prix as he edged a close final against James Wade 5–3 in sets. Seven days later, he beat Wade once more this time 6–2 in the final of the 18th Players Championship. He averaged 111 in eliminating Dave Chisnall 10–5 in the quarter-finals of the European Championship and then threw his fourth career televised nine-darter during an 11–6 semi-final victory over van Barneveld. Van Gerwen took the first five legs in the final against Terry Jenkins and never looked back as he sealed his sixth PDC major title 11–4. He was knocked out of the quarter-finals at the Grand Slam 16–10 by Kim Huybrechts and in the second round of the Players Championship Finals 10–7 by Terry Jenkins. 2015 Van Gerwen reached the semi-finals of the 2015 World Championship, which included his then highest World Championship average of 105.26 in beating Robert Thornton in the quarters. He played Gary Anderson in the event for the second year in a row and once again trailed 3–1 before levelling at 3–3. However, he missed four darts to take the next set and instead saw his reign as world champion come to end with a 6–3 loss. Van Gerwen won the Masters by beating van Barneveld 11–6 in the final with an average of 112.49. He lost in the final of the first UK Open Qualifier 6–1 to Adrian Lewis, but atoned for this a day later by winning the second event by beating Vincent van der Voort 6–3. Van Gerwen also took the third event with a 6–1 triumph over James Wade which meant he had won 25 of 26 matches since the World Championship. He extended this to 30 out of 31 games when he won the German Darts Championship by defeating Anderson 6–2 in the final with an exceptional average of 117.94. Jelle Klaasen missed a total of ten match darts in the final of the fourth UK Open Qualifier to allow van Gerwen to win 6–5. A 31 consecutive game winning streak was ended by Terry Jenkins the next day. In the UK Open fifth round, he set his highest televised average of 114.91 during a 9–2 victory over Kim Huybrechts in which he had a 170 finish and missed one dart for a nine-darter in the final leg. He went on to win his first UK Open title with an 11–5 victory over Peter Wright in the final. He won his second European Tour event in a row at the Gibraltar Darts Trophy with a 6–3 success over Terry Jenkins and made it a trio of titles by seeing off John Henderson 6–5 at the German Darts Masters, which saw him become the second player ever to reach £1 million in prize money on the PDC Order of Merit, after Phil Taylor. He reset his highest televised average record to 116.90 in a 7–0 whitewash of James Wade in the Premier League. Van Gerwen continued to dominate the PDC circuit by claiming the fourth and sixth Players Championship events with 6–1 and 6–5 wins over Lewis and Wade respectively. A 6–6 draw with Dave Chisnall ensured he would finish top of the Premier League for the third year in a row. He averaged 105.15 during the 172 legs he played during the league phase. Van Gerwen won five legs in a row from 7–4 down to van Barneveld in the semi-finals which helped him win 10–8. He could only take out 32% of his doubles in the final against Anderson, including missing seven in one leg, which contributed to him losing 11–7. Van Gerwen maintained his unbeaten record in the Dubai Darts Masters as he took his third title in a row by recovering from 8–6 down in the final against Taylor to triumph 11–8. He stretched his unbeaten run to 20 matches in European Tour events as he claimed the Dutch Darts Masters by whitewashing Justin Pipe 6–0. Van Gerwen and van Barneveld were knocked out in the semi-finals of the World Cup in a doubles match against Scotland's Anderson and Wright. Van Gerwen won his first World Matchplay title by beating James Wade 18–12. It saw him overtake Wade as the PDC's second most successful player with nine major tournament wins, but still a long way behind Taylor who leads with 79. Michael Smith defeated van Gerwen 6–2 in the final of the European Darts Trophy, but he took the European Darts Matchplay seven days later with a 6–4 success over Chisnall in the final. Van Gerwen hit 18 180s in the final of the World Grand Prix against Robert Thornton, but ultimately missed too many doubles to be edged out 5–4 in sets. He looked set to lose a second successive major final when he trailed Gary Anderson 10–7 at the European Championship, but won the next four legs without allowing the Scot a dart for the match to win 11–10. It marked the first time van Gerwen had retained a major title. Van Gerwen was untroubled in reaching the final of the Grand Slam which included a 16–4 victory over Kim Huybrechts in the quarter-finals whilst averaging 111.05. In the final, he was 3–0 and 7–3 behind Taylor, but won six unanswered legs and went on to take the tournament with a 16–13 win. The title completed van Gerwen's set of winning all of the PDC's current majors during his career. In the final of the World Series of Darts Finals, van Gerwen came from 10–9 down to defeat Wright 11–10 with a 129 checkout and an 11-dart leg. He took his fourth televised title in a row at the Players Championship Finals with an 11–6 win over Adrian Lewis. It also ensured he had featured in every televised final since the World Championship at the start of the year. 2016 After needing a tie-break to beat René Eidams in the first round of the 2016 World Championship, Van Gerwen recorded 109.23, the fourth-highest average ever recorded in the event during a 4–0 whitewash over Darren Webster. In the third round, he took out a 135 finish to send his tie with van Barneveld to a deciding set. Van Barneveld went 2–0 up in legs before van Gerwen threw a 10-dart leg, but he missed one dart to level the game in the next leg allowing his Dutch rival to finish on 96 to knock him out. Van Gerwen's average of 105.78 was at the time the highest ever to lose a match in the history of the event. Phil Taylor missed seven match darts in the semi-finals of the Masters and van Gerwen took full advantage to eliminate him 11–10 and retained his title by easing past Dave Chisnall 11–6. In week four of the Premier League, van Gerwen broke the televised average record with 123.40 in a 7–1 win over Michael Smith. In the following round of fixtures, he averaged 116.67 in beating Peter Wright 7–2. A 7–5 win over Taylor saw van Gerwen top the final Premier League table for the fourth year in a row. He won his second Premier League title (his first being in 2013) with an 11–3 victory over Taylor in what was van Gerwen's fourth consecutive Premier League final. Taylor had led 2–1 but van Gerwen soon took control of proceedings and won ten of the following eleven legs to complete a resounding win. Van Gerwen had won three of the six UK Open Qualifiers and in the fourth round of the main event he produced his fifth televised nine-dart finish whilst defeating Rob Cross 9–5. He also hit 170 finishes in the leg before and after the perfect leg. He recovered from 4–1 down to Taylor in the semi-finals to win 10–6 and, in a repeat of last year's final, bested Wright 11–4 to retain his title. Van Gerwen won his second consecutive World Matchplay title with a comfortable 18–10 win over Taylor. It was 15-time winner Taylor's first defeat in a Matchplay final and only his eighth defeat in the tournament since 1994. He did suffer an 11–5 loss to Taylor in the final of the inaugural Champions League of Darts, but then set a record average in a World Grand Prix final of 100.29 as he beat Anderson 5–2. Van Gerwen claimed six of the ten European Tour events, five Players Championships and two World Series tournaments, as well as taking the main event of each of these tours, the European Championship (averaged 111.62 in an 11–1 victory over Mensur Suljović), the World Series of Darts (beat Peter Wright 11–9) and the Players Championship Finals (overcame Dave Chisnall 11–3). He also retained his Grand Slam crown courtesy of seeing off James Wade 16–8 in the final. His domination of the PDC circuit saw him win a total of 25 titles and £1.5 million in 2016, with a match success rate of 91%. Taking van Gerwen's 2016 alone, his 9 major titles won that year would have (at the time) put him third on the all-time list for most major titles won, behind only himself and Phil Taylor. 2017 Van Gerwen averaged over 100 in each of his four matches as he advanced to the semi-finals of the 2017 World Championship without facing a player in the top 20 on the Order of Merit. Raymond van Barneveld won the first set without reply in the semis, but van Gerwen then produced the greatest ever World Championship performance as he averaged a tournament record 114.05 (32 legs) in a 6–2 win. It beat Phil Taylor's previous best of 111.21 (23 legs) in the second round of the 2002 World Championship. In the last set, van Gerwen missed a dart at double 12 for a nine-darter. In the final, Gary Anderson left 28 to take a 3–1 lead, but van Gerwen finished 86 to snipe that set, leveling the match at 2–2. Van Gerwen ultimately took 12 of the next 14 legs to establish a 6–2 lead. He got over the line to take his second World Championship crown with a 7–3 win. With this victory, he held all seven PDC major ranking titles at the same time. 42 180s were thrown in the final, the most ever in a darts match and van Gerwen's average of 107.79 brought his average over the whole tournament to 106.32. The win cemented his number one ranking as he was over £1 million ahead of second placed Anderson. Van Gerwen won his third successive Masters title by defeating Anderson 11–7 in the final, finishing with a 109.42 average. Van Gerwen threw two nine-darters during his third round 6–2 win over Ryan Murray at the fourth UK Open Qualifier and he would take the title by beating Anderson 6–3 in the decider. He could not defend his UK Open title because he was forced to withdraw from the event due to a back injury. In the 2017 edition of the Premier League, van Gerwen successfully defended his title, topping the table of the league stage once again by winning nine matches, drawing four and losing two. After overcoming Anderson 10–7 in the semi-final, he would go on to face Peter Wright in the final. The Scotsman was leading 7–2 but van Gerwen staged a remarkable comeback to level at 8–8. Wright then had the title for the taking at 10–9, but missed six consecutive match darts to allow van Gerwen to again level and a 12-dart leg against the throw gave the Dutchman his third Premier League title, with a tournament average of 104.76. At the World Cup, Netherlands secured their first title since 2014 by seeing off the Welsh pairing of Gerwyn Price and Mark Webster 3–1 in the final. At the 2017 World Matchplay in July, van Gerwen failed in his attempt to retain the title he won in 2016. He eased to wins over Stephen Bunting 10–4 and Simon Whitlock 11–3 but suffered a heavy 16–6 defeat at the hands of Phil Taylor in the quarter finals. At the Champions League of Darts in Cardiff, van Gerwen failed to get out of the group stages he lost his opening match 10–5 to Raymond van Barneveld. He then defeated Adrian Lewis 10–4 meaning he needed to win his final group game against Phil Taylor without losing 7 legs in the match. Van Gerwen went on to lose 10–9. At the 2017 World Grand Prix in October, the tournament in which van Gerwen claimed his maiden PDC Major televised title in 2012, van Gerwen suffered a surprise first round exit to Scotsman John Henderson 2 sets to 1 it marked the first time van Gerwen had lost in the opening round in the event since 2009 he was bidding to win the tournament for the fourth time in six years. Following early exits in the Champions League and the World Grand Prix, van Gerwen went back to winning ways by claiming his 4th European Championship title by defeating Rob Cross 11–7. Notably in his semi-final clash with Kyle Anderson, van Gerwen was on the receiving end of a 9 darter and his Australian opponent had missed two match darts to progress to the final but the Dutchman prevailed, winning 11–10. Van Gerwen's next tournament was the Grand Slam of Darts, winning all 3 of his group games to top Group A. He defeated Steve Lennon in the last 16 by a convincing 10–3 win. Van Gerwen followed this by defeating Rob Cross 16–13 in the quarter-finals, a 16–8 win over 6 time Grand Slam winner Phil Taylor in the semi-finals and a 16–12 win over Peter Wright in the final to claim his 3rd Grand Slam title. 2018 Van Gerwen won his first two matches in the 2018 World Championship against Christian Kist and James Wilson respectively. In his third round match against Price, van Gerwen won 4–2 despite losing seven legs in a row. In the quarter-final, van Gerwen faced Raymond van Barneveld. Van Gerwen led 4 sets to 3 and was throwing first in set 8, but van Barneveld took out 84 in the fifth leg of that set after van Gerwen had missed one match dart at double 12. This clutch finish sent the match to a deciding set. With the ninth set level at 1 leg each, van Barneveld missed three darts at double 16 to move within one leg of the match, and van Gerwen stepped in to finish 96 to break. Van Gerwen held his throw in the subsequent leg to win the match 5–4. In the semi-final, van Gerwen faced World Championship debutant Rob Cross. The first eight sets went with throw, then van Gerwen broke to go 5–4 ahead. In set 10, with van Gerwen throwing first, he lost his throw to fall behind two legs to one. He then missed six darts to send the set into a fifth leg (In which he would have been throwing for the match), allowing Cross to step in to level the match at five sets apiece. The first four legs of the deciding set were shared to send the set into a tie-break. The next four legs went with throw (Although Cross did miss one match dart at the bullseye to win the set 4–2), then van Gerwen broke to go 5–4 up. He then missed five shots at a double to win the match, before Cross sent the match into a sudden death last leg. After Cross won the bull-off to gain the throw, he missed double 16 for a match-winning 140 checkout. This allowed van Gerwen one last gasp at a finish of 108. He got a shot at double 16, but couldn't take it, which was his sixth missed match dart. Cross put the match to rest by hitting double eight to win the sudden death last leg, stunning van Gerwen 6 sets to 5. His next televised tournament was the Masters, where he took his fourth consecutive win at the tournament beating his compatriot Raymond van Barneveld in the final with a 105 average, after earlier wins over Gary Anderson, James Wade and Kim Huybrechts. At the first Pro Tour event of 2018, UK Open Qualifier 1, he beat Michael Smith in the final, averaging 105 for the tournament. He took his hundredth PDC singles title at the next UK Open Qualifier with a win over Darren Webster in the final, becoming the second player to do so after Phil Taylor. He lost at the quarter final stage of the third qualifier to Smith, putting his earnings from the qualifiers over £20,000. Despite sitting out the final three qualifiers, his performances at the first three events was enough for him to top the UK Open Order of Merit and enter at the third round of the tournament. Drawn against Jeffrey de Zwaan, he lost 8–10 with a 96 average. This was the first time since 2012 he exited before the quarter final stage at the tournament, and the first time he lost his first match of a televised tournament since the World Grand Prix the year prior. After sitting out both Players Championship 3 and Players Championship 4, he returned to form with his third Players Championship of the year and sixth 2018 title overall with a 6–2 victory over Chris Dobey in Players Championship 5. On the following day, he lost to Jermaine Wattimena in Players Championship 6, his earliest loss since he was beaten by Vincent van der Voort at the same stage of Players Championship 19 in 2017. At the first European Tour event of 2018, the European Darts Open, he took his 21st European Tour title with an 8–7 victory over Peter Wright. Van Gerwen and Wright would play each other again in the final of the 2018 German Darts Grand Prix, with van Gerwen prevailing once again by a scoreline of 8–5. It was his 22nd European Tour title. After sitting out of Players Championships 7 and 8 he attempted to win his third European Tour title of the season but was beaten in the quarter-finals 2–6 by Ian White. He pulled out of the Austrian Open (the 4th European Tour event) but then returned to winning ways in Players Championship 9 by beating Scott Taylor 6–4 in the final. Van Gerwen played in the 10th Players Championship where he was beaten 4–6 by Jonny Clayton in the quarter-finals. Van Gerwen won the European Darts Grand Prix, his 23rd European Tour title and his 10th title of the year that included wins over Dave Chisnall in quarter-finals by a scoreline of 6–4, a 7–0 whitewash over Michael Smith in the semi-finals and an 8–3 victory over James Wade in the final. The following week, he won his 11th title of the year (his 24th European Tour title) by winning his 5th consecutive Dutch Darts Masters by beating Steve Lennon 8–5 in the final. Notably, in his semi-final match with Daryl Gurney, van Gerwen trailed 2–6 as well as surviving 3 match darts but the Dutchman produced a comeback performance to knock out the Northern Irishman 7–6. His 12th title of the year followed shortly after on 17 May in winning the Premier League by beating Rob Cross 10–6 in the semi-finals and a comprehensive 11–4 victory over Michael Smith in the final with an average of 112.37, the highest ever average in a Premier League final. It was his 3rd consecutive Premier League title and his 4th Premier League title overall. The first World Series of Darts event of 2018, the German Masters, saw a loss to Dimitri Van Den Bergh in the quarter-finals. His 13th title of the year would follow shortly after in the World Cup of Darts with partner Raymond van Barneveld. They successfully defended their title for The Netherlands with a 3–1 victory over Scottish pairing Peter Wright and Gary Anderson. The following weekend saw him win his 14th title of the year and his 25th European Tour title with a victory in the Gibraltar Darts Trophy by beating Adrian Lewis 8–3 in the final with an average of over 108. 2 weeks later saw a surprising defeat to Brendan Dolan in round 3 of the Danish Open. The following week he was back to winning ways with his 15th title of the year and his 26th European Tour title in the European Matchplay with an 8–2 victory over William O'Connor in the final. He also threw the first nine-dart finish in over 5 years on the European Tour in his 2nd round match against Ryan Joyce. Van Gerwen's reign as the US Masters and Shanghai Darts Masters champion would come to end as he suffered loses to James Wade 3–8 in the quarter finals and to Michael Smith 4–8 in the semi-finals respectively. Van Gerwen's next televised tournament was the World Matchplay. Drawn against Jeffrey de Zwaan in the first round, van Gerwen lost 6–10 to his compatriot. It was van Gerwen's 2nd loss to de Zwaan following his previous defeat at the UK Open back in March. Van Gerwen returned to the winning circle by claiming his first World Series of Darts title of 2018 by defeating compatriot Raymond van Barneveld 11–4 at the final of the Auckland Darts Masters final. It was van Gerwen's 16th title of 2018. Van Gerwen lifted the 2018 World Grand Prix title, the fourth time he had won that title, with a 5–2 win over Peter Wright. He failed to retain the European Championship, World Series Finals and Grand Slam titles in 2018, and lost the final of the 2018 Players Championship Finals to Daryl Gurney. 2019 Van Gerwen was top seed at the 2019 World Championship. He knocked Alan Tabern out in the second round despite having beer thrown at him during the walk on, before consecutive 4–1 victories over Max Hopp and former world champion Adrian Lewis. He beat Ryan Joyce 5–1 in the quarter-final to set up a semi-final with Gary Anderson. A dominant semi-final performance by the Dutchman saw him triumph 6–1 over Anderson, to reach the final against Michael Smith. He regained the world championship with a 7–3 win over Smith. Van Gerwen kicked off the 2019 circuit with winning the 2019 Masters, defeating James Wade 11–5 in the final to secure his fifth consecutive Masters title. The next two weeks, van Gerwen won Players Championship 1 and 3, henceforth breaking Phil Taylor's ProTour title record. He retained his Premier League title yet again, beating Daryl Gurney 10–7 in the semifinals, and beating Rob Cross 11–5 in the final. The first two World Series events of 2019 did not go well for him, suffering an 8–6 defeat to Michael Smith in the quarterfinals of the 2019 US Darts Masters, and blowing a 5–1 lead to lose 6–5 to qualifier Martin Schindler in the first round of the 2019 German Darts Masters. Van Gerwen then continued his very poor run of form at the World Matchplay, losing 13–11 to Glen Durrant in the last 16. Van Gerwen once again failed to get out of the quarterfinals in the 2019 Brisbane Darts Masters, losing 8–5 to Gurney. He finally got back to winning ways in Melbourne and New Zealand, winning those finals by scores of 8–3 and 8–1 over Gurney and Van Barneveld respectively. Van Gerwen retained his World Grand Prix title with a win over Dave Chisnall, and won the Champions League of Darts for the first time, recovering from three legs down to beat Peter Wright 11–10. He regained his Players Championship Finals title, beating Gerwyn Price in the final, and hitting the only televised nine-dart finish of the year, in the second round against Adrian Lewis. 2020 Van Gerwen was again top seed at the 2020 World Championship. He easily reached the quarter-final, recovering from losing the first set to Jelle Klaasen in the second round to win, before consecutive 4–0 victories over Ricky Evans and former BDO World Champion Stephen Bunting. In the quarter-final, he triumphed over Darius Labanauskas, 5–2, to qualify for the semi-final for the seventh time in eight championships. There he beat Nathan Aspinall 6–3 to set up a final with Peter Wright. Van Gerwen was defeated in that final, 7–3. At the 2020 Masters, van Gerwen lost in the first round to Jonny Clayton, ending his run of five years as the tournament's champion, and a 20 match unbeaten run at the Marshall Arena. In March he won the UK Open for the third time, beating Gerwyn Price 11–9 in the final. In his run through to the final, he hit his seventh career televised nine-darter, against Daryl Gurney in the semi-finals. In November he won the Players Championship Finals for the 6th time, beating Mervyn King 11–10 in the final. 2021 Van Gerwen opened up his 2021 World Championship campaign with a 3–1 win over Ryan Murray, averaging 108.98 points in the match. In the last 16, he battled back from 1–3 down to defeat Joe Cullen 4–3 and reach the quarter-finals. In the quarter-finals, he was whitewashed 0–5 by Dave Chisnall. This loss resulted in Van Gerwen dropping to number 2 in the world rankings, following Gerwyn Price's World Championship victory. Van Gerwen then went on to lose in consecutive TV tournaments, losing in the Masters to Jonny Clayton and in the semi-finals of the UK Open to Luke Humphries. Van Gerwen then proceeded to top the Premier League but consequently went on to lose to eventual winner Jonny Clayton in the semi-finals. Van Gerwen reached the final of PC20 but was beaten by Peter Wright in the tournament decider. Van Gerwen had another great run in the World Matchplay but was beaten in the semi-finals by eventual winner Peter Wright. 2022 In his 2022 World Championship opener, Van Gerwen beat Chas Barstow before withdrawing prior to his third-round match with Chris Dobey after testing positive for COVID-19. In July, Van Gerwen reached the final of the World Matchplay for the first time in six years, where he defeated Gerwyn Price to win his third World Matchplay title, meaning that he had won at every PDC Premier Event that was held in 2022 at least three times. Van Gerwen also added to two further ranking TV titles like the World Grand Prix for the sixth time, beating Nathan Aspinall in the final; and won the 2022 Players Championship Finals with victory over Rob Cross. He also won the 2022 Premier League against Joe Cullen in the final. 2023 Van Gerwen returned to the World Championship as #3 seed. He opened his campaign with a 3–0 victory over Lewy Williams, before defeating Mensur Suljović 4–2 with an average of 107.66. A fourth round win over Dirk van Duijvenbode was followed by whitewash victories over Chris Dobey and Dimitri Van den Bergh, the latter with a 108.28 average, qualified Van Gerwen for his sixth World Darts Championship final, where he lost to Michael Smith 4–7. An 11–5 victory over Gerwyn Price saw Van Gerwen defend his title in the 2023 Premier League, a record seventh title in the competition moving him clear of Phil Taylor. Playing style Van Gerwen leans quite a lot forward on the oche and throws at a very fast pace and scores extremely heavily meaning he is able to build up momentum over his opponents in a matter of seconds. When he does make a mistake he is usually able to confine it to history and refocus on the next leg. His playing style is instinctive and natural. He is known to hit purple patches during matches, where he can instantly elevate his game to exceptionally high levels. He did so in winning the first three PDC major titles of his career, firstly in the 2012 Grand Prix final, where he came back from 1–4 down in sets to triumph 6–4 over Mervyn King, secondly in the 2013 Premier League final he came from 2–5 down to win five successive legs and eventually won 10–8, and thirdly winning seven consecutive legs against Phil Taylor in claiming the 2013 Players Championship Finals title. He is also capable of taking out big checkouts to win matches when his opponent is well placed to win the leg. The most striking examples of his ability to date include setting a televised average world record of 123.40 in the 2016 Premier League in a 7–1 victory over Michael Smith. Having started with four 11-dart legs or better in the first six legs, he missed double 18 three times for an average of over 130 which would have earned a shutout win had he found the double. He was also a double 12 away from hitting back-to-back nine-dart finishes in the 2013 World Championship semi-finals. Five-time World Champion Eric Bristow has described him as fearless, and van Gerwen has said he is not scared of any player. He celebrates important visits to the board with sudden short-range headbutts and a bouncing double fist-pump. Such exuberant celebrations have created negative reactions among some of his fellow players, with 2004 World Masters winner Mervyn King calling it disrespectful. It has been suggested that consistency could be the only thing that will stop van Gerwen from dominating the sport for years to come. Personal life In August 2014, van Gerwen married his longtime girlfriend, Daphne Govers. They have a daughter born in August 2017 and a son born in April 2020. In December 2014, Sky Sports televised a one-hour documentary called "Mighty Mike" which charted his rise in darts as well as his life away from the sport. He is a supporter of the Dutch football club PSV Eindhoven. In May 2018, he was appointed Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau by his local Mayor on behalf of Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands. World championship results BDO 2007: First round (lost to Gary Robson 2–3) PDC 2008: First round (lost to Phil Taylor 2–3) 2009: Second round (lost to Phil Taylor 0–4) 2010: Second round (lost to James Wade 2–4) 2011: First round (lost to Mensur Suljović 1–3) 2012: Third round (lost to Simon Whitlock 3–4) 2013: Runner-up (lost to Phil Taylor 4–7) 2014: Winner (beat Peter Wright 7–4) 2015: Semi-finals (lost to Gary Anderson 3–6) 2016: Third round (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 3–4) 2017: Winner (beat Gary Anderson 7–3) 2018: Semi-finals (lost to Rob Cross 5–6) 2019: Winner (beat Michael Smith 7–3) 2020: Runner-up (lost to Peter Wright 3–7) 2021: Quarter-finals (lost to Dave Chisnall 0–5) 2022: Third round (withdrew – COVID-19) 2023: Runner-up (lost to Michael Smith 4–7) Career finals BDO major finals: 1 (1 title) PDC major finals: 60 (47 titles, 13 runners-up) PDC world series finals: 23 (15 titles, 8 runner-up) PDC team finals: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up) Performance timeline BDO PDC PDC European Tour Nine-dart finishes Van Gerwen is the youngest player ever at 17 years and 298 days to throw a televised nine-darter. High averages Michael van Gerwen holds the highest televised average of 123.40 thrown in the 2016 Premier League against Michael Smith, getting a match dart for a 133.18 average in the seventh leg. References External links 1989 births British Darts Organisation players Dutch darts players Living people People from Boxtel Sportspeople from North Brabant Professional Darts Corporation current tour card holders PDC world darts champions World Series of Darts winners UK Open champions World Matchplay (darts) champions World Grand Prix (darts) champions Grand Slam of Darts champions Players Championship Finals champions European Championship (darts) champions Masters (darts) champions Premier League Darts champions Champions League of Darts champions Darts players who have thrown televised nine-dart games PDC World Cup of Darts Dutch championship team People in sports awarded knighthoods Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Lukas Schmitz (born 13 October 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a left back. Career Schmitz began his career with TSG Sprockhövel. Here he scored 11 goals in 23 games during the 2006–07 season of the Verbandsliga Westfalen 2. In July 2007, he signed for VfL Bochum II. He played 36 games with the VfL Bochum reserve squad. Schmitz transferred to nearby rivals Schalke 04 on 8 May 2009. He made his professional debut on 18 September 2009 in a match against VfL Wolfsburg. Schmitz used to play as a left midfielder or a defensive midfielder. In the 2010–11 season, he became the Schalke's main left fullback. Schmitz signed a four-year contract with Werder Bremen on 17 June 2011. In 2014, he joined Fortuna Düsseldorf. Later on, Schmitz went to Austria to play for Wolfsberger AC in 2018. In May 2020, he signed for VVV-Venlo to play there until June 2022, starting from 2020–21. Personal life Schmitz studies Political sciences and Science of Public Administration over distance learning. Honours Schalke 04 DFB-Pokal: 2010–11 References External links 1988 births Living people German men's footballers Men's association football midfielders TSG Sprockhövel players VfL Bochum II players FC Schalke 04 players FC Schalke 04 II players SV Werder Bremen players Fortuna Düsseldorf players Wolfsberger AC players VVV-Venlo players Bundesliga players 2. Bundesliga players Regionalliga players Austrian Football Bundesliga players Eredivisie players German expatriate men's footballers German expatriate sportspeople in Austria Expatriate men's footballers in Austria German expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands People from Hattingen Footballers from Arnsberg (region)
In enzymology, a pyridoxal kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + pyridoxal ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and pyridoxal, whereas its two products are ADP and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:pyridoxal 5'-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include pyridoxal kinase (phosphorylating), pyridoxal 5-phosphate-kinase, pyridoxal phosphokinase, and pyridoxine kinase. This enzyme participates in vitamin B6 metabolism. Structural studies As of late 2007, 15 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . References EC 2.7.1 Enzymes of known structure
The Ballindamm is an inner city boulevard of Hamburg, Germany. Located within the Altstadt quarter directly at the Binnenalster, the Ballindamm represents the connection between Jungfernstieg and Glockengießerwall. It is thus located in the heart of the city. Today, it is a four-lane alley with parking spaces on its median strip. History Ballindamm was created after the Great Fire of 1842, then named Alsterdamm. 1947 it was renamed Ballindamm. It owes its name to the German shipowner Albert Ballin. The Hapag-Lloyd building is located at the street. Likewise, various banks - mainly private banks - have their headquarters at Ballindamm. The Europa Passage, a large shopping mall, was completed in 2006. Entrances to Jungfernstieg transport hub are located at the street. At Ballindamm, the military dealer operates his Galerie d'Histoire André Hüsken, offering antiquities. Gallery References Streets in Hamburg Buildings and structures in Hamburg-Mitte Tourist attractions in Hamburg
Ternaard is a village in the municipality Noardeast-Fryslân located in the northeast of the province of Friesland between Dokkum and the Wadden Sea. It is the third most populous village in the municipality and had a population of 1,380 in January 2017. History Between 819 and 825 Ternaard was first mentioned. It was called "Tununfurt" . Later also the names Tunawert, Thunewerd, Tonauwer, Tijnnawerdt, Tennaard were used. The words "Furt", "Wert" and "werdt" were synonyms for "wierde", a manmade hill. What Tunun means is unknown. Ternaard previously belonged to the municipality Westdongeradeel. The mayor of the municipality lived in Ternaard. In the municipal reorganization of the province of Friesland (1984), the municipality Dongeradeel West merged with the municipality Oostdongeradeel and the city of Dokkum into the new Dongeradeel. In 2019 part of the new municipality Noardeast-Fryslân. Services Ternaard offers a supermarket, butchers, a kindergarten, an elementary school, a health center, a homeopathic practice and a retirement home. There is also a bus service to Dokkum and Leeuwarden. Sports Ternaard in sport has a billiard club, a football club, a tennis club a bounce, a bocce and volleyball. Churches The (late Gothic) Grote Kerk dates from the 16th century. This church has a fine 17th-century interior. Ternaard the Mennonite church has merged with the Mennonite church-Holwerd Blija in the new town-Holwerd Blija and Ternaard. In October 2007, the last service held in the Baptist church Ternaard. This church building has been sold. The Reformed Church in 1921 was designed by Ane Nauta. Climate Ternaard features an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). References External links Noardeast-Fryslân Populated places in Friesland
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2015. Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence: Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference. July 2015 1 Nasser al-Hafi, Egyptian lawyer and politician, MP (since 2012), shot. Cecil, 13, Zimbabwean protected lion, shot. David P. Craig, 95, Australian chemist. Curly Moe, 53, Canadian professional wrestler, liver cancer. Val Doonican, 88, Irish singer and television presenter. N. Ganesan, 82, Singaporean football administrator. Edward Greenfield, 86, English music critic and broadcaster. Theo Hendriks, 86, Dutch politician, member of the House of Representatives (1994–1998). Lawrence Herkimer, 89, American cheerleading innovator, heart failure. Jens S. Jensen, 69, Swedish photographer. Aleksandr Kochetkov, 81, Russian football player and coach. Robert La Caze, 98, French-born Moroccan racing driver. Red Lane, 76, American country singer and songwriter ("'Til I Get It Right"), cancer. Mike Lesser, 71, British mathematical philosopher and political activist, asphyxiation. Miloslava Misáková, 93, Czech Olympic gymnast (1948). Shlomo Moussaieff, 90, Israeli diamond merchant and antique collector. Hans Muller, 78, Dutch Olympic water polo player (1960, 1964). Charles Notcutt, 81, British horticulturalist. Czesław Olech, 84, Polish mathematician. Overdose, 10, Hungarian Thoroughbred racehorse, horse colic. Víctor de la Peña Pérez, 81, Spanish-born Peruvian Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar Apostolic of Requena (1987–2005). Sergio Sollima, 94, Italian director and screenwriter (Face to Face, Sandokan, The Big Gundown). Dan Williams, 73, American politician, member of the Alabama House of Representatives (since 2010), leukemia. Sir Nicholas Winton, 106, British humanitarian, organised rescue of 669 children as part of Kindertransport, respiratory failure. Russell Wood, 85, English cricketer (Gloucestershire). 2 David Aronson, 91, Lithuanian-born American painter, pneumonia and heart failure. Slavko Avsenik, 85, Slovene composer and musician. Roy C. Bennett, 96, American songwriter. Jim Bradley, 94, Scottish-born Australian athletics coach. Frank Callaway, 69, Australian judge. Sir Ronald Davison, 94, New Zealand judge, Chief Justice (1978–1989). Julius Duscha, 90, American journalist (The Washington Post). Petro Korol, 74, Ukrainian Soviet weightlifter, Olympic champion (1976). Tom Longo, 73, American football player (New York Giants), mesothelioma. Charlie Sanders, 68, American Hall of Fame football player (Detroit Lions), cancer. Bob Smalhout, 87, Dutch anesthesiologist and politician. Waldo Vieira, 73, Brazilian spiritualist. Jim Weaver, 70, American football player (Penn State) and coach (Iowa State), Virginia Tech Hokies Director of Athletics (1997–2014), Parkinson's disease. John Whitman, 71, American businessman and investment banker, First Gentleman of New Jersey (1994–2001), complications from a brain injury. Jacobo Zabludovsky, 87, Mexican news anchor, stroke. 3 Steven Benson, 63, American convicted murderer, stabbed. Diana Douglas, 92, Bermudian-American actress (The Indian Fighter, Days of Our Lives, Planes, Trains and Automobiles), cancer. Goran Gogić, 29, Serbian footballer. Agop Jack Hacikyan, 83, Canadian author and academic. Ralph Lamb, 88, American lawman, Sheriff of Clark County, Nevada (1961–1978), depicted in Vegas, complications from surgery. Arturo Longton, 67, Chilean politician, Governor of Marga Marga Province (2010–2012). Humphrey Mwanza, 66, Zambian politician, member of the National Assembly for Solwezi West (since 2006), complications from surgery. Boyd K. Packer, 90, American apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve (since 2008). Amanda Peterson, 43, American actress (Can't Buy Me Love, Explorers), drug overdose. Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal, 73, Indian judge, Chief Justice (2005–2007), heart attack. Odd Seim-Haugen, 78, Norwegian barrister and sports official. Jacques Sernas, 89, Lithuanian-born French actor (Helen of Troy, The Dirty Game, Midas Run). Charanjit Singh, 75, Indian musician, cardiac arrest. Gary Smith, 74, American business analyst, pneumonia. György Szabad, 90, Hungarian politician and historian, Speaker of the National Assembly (1990–1994). Wayne Townsend, 89, American politician, Indiana State Senator (1970–1986). Phil Walsh, 55, Australian football player (Collingwood, Richmond, Brisbane Bears) and coach (Adelaide), stabbed. John A. Williams, 89, American writer. Franz-Josef Wolfframm, 80, German footballer. Peter Záboji, 72, Hungarian angel investor and entrepreneur. 4 Abdullah bin Abdulaziz bin Musa'ed bin Jiluwi Al Saud, 83–84, Saudi Arabian politician, Governor of Northern Borders Region. Muhammad Baqir al-Muhri, 67, Kuwaiti ayatollah. Dave Barber, 60, American talk radio and television host, stroke and heart attack. Nedelcho Beronov, 86, Bulgarian jurist and politician, Chairman of the Constitutional Court (2003–2006). Scot Breithaupt, 57, American BMX cyclist. Arnold Byfield, 91, Australian sportsman (Western Australia cricket team and Melbourne Football Club). Luis Doldán, 77, Paraguayan footballer Carlo de Gavardo, 45, Chilean rally car and motorcycle racer, respiratory failure. William Conrad Gibbons, 88, American historian, complications of a stroke. Reynaldo González López, 66, Cuban sports administrator. John Hinds, 35, Northern Irish motorcycle race doctor, injuries sustained in collision. Norbert Peters, 72, German scientist. Daniel Quinn, 58, American actor (The Young and the Restless), heart attack. Valerio Ruggeri, 81, Italian actor and voice actor, heart attack. Anthony F. Upton, 85, British historian. Alan Walton, 79, British biochemist and venture capitalist. Charles Winick, 92, American anthropologist, sociologist and author. Yu Chenghui, 75, Chinese actor and martial artist. 5 Andrew Alexander, 80, British journalist. James Bonard Fowler, 81, American policeman and convicted manslaughterer. Sir Philip Goodhart, 89, British politician, MP for Beckenham (1957–1992). Uffe Haagerup, 65, Danish mathematician, drowned. Svein Hatløy, 75, Norwegian architect, founded Bergen School of Architecture. Terence Kelshaw, 78, English-born American Episcopal prelate, Bishop of Rio Grande (1989–2004). Hernus Kriel, 73, South African politician, Premier of the Western Cape (1994–1998), Minister of Law and Order (1991–1994). Piet Malan, 96, South African rugby union player. James S. Marcus, 85, American philanthropist and investment banker. Joseph McKenzie, 86, Scottish photographer. Aleksandra Mróz, 80, Polish Olympic swimmer. Yoichiro Nambu, 94, Japanese-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate. Burt Shavitz, 80, American beekeeper and businessman, co-founder of Burt's Bees. Abderrahmane Soukhane, 78, Algerian football player. Jack Steadman, 86, American football executive (Kansas City Chiefs). Gordon Thompson Jr., 85, American judge, cancer. Aaron E. Wasserman, 94, American food scientist. 6 Julio Angel, 69, Puerto Rican rock, pop and bolero singer, multiple myeloma. Max Annett, 84, Australian Olympic rower. Michael Birck, 77, American executive (Tellabs). Camille Bob, 77, American rhythm and blues singer, cancer. Stan Carew, 64, Canadian radio broadcaster, musician and actor (This Hour Has 22 Minutes, Trailer Park Boys). Raymond Dean, 68, American psychologist. Nazier Dindar, 49, South African cricketer. Victor Warren Fazio, 75, Australian surgeon. Ramanathan Gnanadesikan, 82, Indian statistician. Anne Iversen, 91, Danish Olympic athlete. Masabumi Kikuchi, 75, Japanese jazz pianist, subdural hematoma. Sir John Lambert, 94, British diplomat, Ambassador to Tunisia (1977–1981). Luigi Martella, 67, Italian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi (since 2000), heart attack. John Maxtone-Graham, 85, American maritime historian, respiratory failure. Rachel Margolis, 93, Lithuanian World War II partisan and Israeli biologist. Bhattam Srirama Murthy, 89, Indian politician. Don Petrie, 93, Canadian soccer player and coach. Franco Scaglia, 71, Italian writer and journalist, won Campiello Prize (2002). Fraser Scott, 95, British army officer. Jerry Weintraub, 77, American film producer (Ocean's Eleven, Diner, The Karate Kid), chairman and CEO of United Artists, heart attack. 7 Maria Barroso, 90, Portuguese actress and politician, First Lady (1986–1996), complications from a fall. Leonard Bodack, 82, American politician. Keith Brown, 88, Canadian politician, member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (1959–1967). Bako Dagnon, 67, Malian singer. Jean Délémontez, 97, French aircraft designer (Jodel). Carlos Echeverria, 85, American Olympic sailor. Eva Fischer, 94, Italian artist. Hamid Golpira, 55, American-born Iranian journalist, lung cancer. Renée Hugon, 84, French gymnast. Pierre MacDonald, 79, Canadian politician, member of the National Assembly of Quebec (1985–1989). Bob MacKinnon, 87, American basketball coach (New Jersey Nets) and athletic director (Canisius Golden Griffins). Jaime Morey, 73, Spanish singer ("Amanece"). Craig Norgate, 50, New Zealand businessman, CEO of Fonterra (2001–2003). Fons van Wissen, 82, Dutch footballer (PSV Eindhoven, national team). Donald Wood, 82, Canadian politician. 8 Hisato Aikura, 83, Japanese music critic. Muhsin al-Fadhli, 34, Kuwaiti militant, airstrike. Robert Campos, 75, Filipino actor, colorectal cancer. Casimir Ehrnrooth, 84, Finnish executive, cardiac arrest. Bill Foord, 91, English cricketer. Daniel Kastler, 89, French theoretical physicist. Irwin Keyes, 63, American actor (House of 1000 Corpses, The Jeffersons, The Flintstones), complications from acromegaly. Arne Kotte, 80, Norwegian footballer. Paul J. Lioy, 68, American environmental scientist. Ernie Maresca, 76, American songwriter ("Runaround Sue", "The Wanderer") and singer. Ramiro Martinez, 91, Cuban sportscaster. Charles J. McCann, 89, American academic, president of The Evergreen State College. Harry Messel, 93, Canadian-born Australian physicist. Rolf Pettersson, 62, Swedish Olympic swimmer. Lloyd Reckord, 86, Jamaican actor and director. Philippe Rochat, 61, Swiss chef. Frances Shea-Buckley, 86, American rear admiral, Director of the Navy Nurse Corps (1979–1983). Lucita Soriano, 74, Filipino actress. Ken Stabler, 69, American football player (Oakland Raiders), colon cancer. Harry Stowers, 89, American judge, member of the New Mexico Supreme Court (1982–1989). James Tate, 71, American Pulitzer Prize-winning poet. Yoash Tzidon, 88, Romanian-born Israeli politician. Walter Van Gerven, 80, Belgian law professor, Advocate General on the European Court of Justice (1988–1994). 9 Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 75, Saudi royal, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1975–2015). Christian Audigier, 57, French fashion designer (Ed Hardy, Von Dutch), myelodysplastic syndrome. Jim Bede, 82, American aircraft designer, aneurysm. Caspar Bowden, 53, British privacy advocate, melanoma. Seán Foran, 84, Irish Gaelic football player (Offaly). Paul Gebhard, 98, American sexologist. Bill Hunter, 95, British political activist and author. C. Fred Jones, 85, American politician. Michael Masser, 74, American songwriter ("Saving All My Love for You", "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)"), complications from a stroke. Bashar Nawaz, 79, Indian Urdu poet and songwriter. Sriballav Panigrahi, 74, Indian politician, member of the Lok Sabha (1984–1989, 1991–1998). David M. Raup, 82, American paleontologist, pneumonia. Bent Rolstad, 68, Norwegian anatomist. Tahsin Şahinkaya, 90, Turkish air force general, Commander (1978–1983). R.J. Zwi Werblowsky, 91, Israeli religion scholar. 10 David Bowman, 82, American Episcopal prelate, Bishop of Western New York (1987–1998). Woody Bowman, 73, American politician, member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1977–1990), traffic collision. Sam Bulbulia, 82, South African cricketer. Aldana Carraro, 20, Argentine gymnast. Rosemary Dinnage, 87, British author and reviewer, cancer. Hussein Fatal, 38, American rapper (Outlawz), traffic collision. Peter Jones, 85, British journalist and author, heart failure. Arthur Koning, 70, Dutch Olympic coxswain (1968). Diarmuid Mac an Adhastair, 71, Irish actor (Ros na Rún). Jimmy Murray, 82, Scottish footballer. Leo Muthu, 63, Indian educationist and businessman. Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan, 91, Pakistani politician, Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1956–1957, 1970–1985, 1991–1996). Roger Rees, 71, Welsh-American actor (Cheers, Robin Hood: Men in Tights, The West Wing), Tony winner (1982), stomach cancer. Omar Sharif, 83, Egyptian actor (Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago, Funny Girl), heart attack. Jon Vickers, 88, Canadian heldentenor, Alzheimer's disease. Grahame Vivian, 95, British army officer. 11 Claudia Alexander, 56, Canadian-born American geophysicist and planetary scientist (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), breast cancer. Abu Khalil al-Madani, Saudi Al-Qaeda leader. Stig Andersson, 90, Swedish Olympic cyclist. Joyce M. Bennett, 92, English Anglican priest. Giacomo Biffi, 87, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, Archbishop of Bologna (1984–2003). Mark Birdwood, 3rd Baron Birdwood, 76, British peer and politician. Patricia Crone, 70, Danish-American historian and author (Hagarism), cancer. James U. Cross, 90, American military pilot (Air Force One), aide and author. Salvador Dubois Leiva, 79, Nicaraguan football player and coach. Max Fischer, 88, German politician. Alfred E. France, 88, American politician, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (1963–1970), leukemia. Đuka Galović, 91, Croatian folk musician. Satoru Iwata, 55, Japanese game programmer (Super Smash Bros., Pokémon), president and CEO of Nintendo (since 2002), bile duct cancer. Lawrence K. Karlton, 80, American federal judge, US District Court for Eastern California (1979–2015), complications from heart valve failure. Richard F. Kelly, 78, American politician, member of the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate. Peter de Klerk, 80, South African racing driver. Roy Kurrasch, 92, American football player (Pittsburgh Steelers). Consuelo Castillo de Sánchez Latour, 91, Guatemalan author. André Leysen, 88, Belgian executive. Paavo Lyytikäinen, 85, Finnish footballer. Bunny Mack, 69, Sierra Leonean musician. P. Chendur Pandian, 65, Indian politician, Tamil Nadu MLA for Kadayanallur (since 2011). Ota Petřina, 66, Czech guitarist and songwriter. Thomas Piccirilli, 50, American writer, brain cancer. J.P.C. Roach, 95, British historian. Bojan Udovič, 57, Slovene Yugoslav Olympic cyclist (1980), traffic collision. 12 D'Army Bailey, 73, American civil rights campaigner, judge and actor (The People vs. Larry Flynt), founder of the National Civil Rights Museum, cancer. Cheng Siwei, 80, Chinese economist, President of the China Democratic National Construction Association (1996–2007). Omar Félix Colomé, 82, Argentinian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cruz del Eje (1984–2008). JaJuan Dawson, 37, American football player (Cleveland Browns), drowned. Tenzin Delek Rinpoche, 65, Tibetan Buddhist monk and political prisoner, cardiac arrest from respiratory failure. Mahlon Duckett, 92, American baseball player (Philadelphia Stars). Helen F. Holt, 101, American politician, Secretary of State of West Virginia (1957–1959), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1955–1957), heart failure. Chenjerai Hove, 59, Zimbabwean exiled author, journalist and poet, liver failure. Javier Krahe, 71, Spanish singer-songwriter, heart attack. Bosse Larsson, 81, Swedish television presenter (Allsång på Skansen), brain cancer. Buddy Lively, 90, American baseball player (Cincinnati Reds). Milorad Milutinović, 80, Serbian football player and manager (Neuchâtel Xamax). Bafana Mlangeni, 48, South African actor. 13 Sir John Buchanan, 72, New Zealand natural resource executive, CFO of BP (1996–2002), Director of BHP Billiton (2003–2015), Chairman of ARM Holdings. J. R. Gach, 63, American radio personality, diabetes. Philipp Mißfelder, 35, German politician, member of the Bundestag (since 2005), pulmonary embolism. Arturo Paoli, 102, Italian Roman Catholic priest and missionary. Michael Rayner, 82, English opera singer. Ildikó Schwarczenberger, 63, Hungarian fencer, Olympic champion (1976). Joan Sebastian, 64, Mexican singer and songwriter, bone cancer. Campbell Smith, 90, New Zealand artist, poet and playwright. Martin Litchfield West, 77, British classical scholar. Eric Wrixon, 68, Northern Irish keyboardist (Them, Thin Lizzy). Gerhard Zwerenz, 90, German writer and politician, member of the Bundestag (1994–1998). 14 Willer Bordon, 66, Italian businessman and politician, Minister of the Environment (2000–2001). Sir Sam Burston, 100, Australian farmer. Yohanna Dickson, 64, Nigerian military officer, Governor of Taraba (1993–1997). George Gardner Fagg, 81, American federal judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1982–2006). Wolf Gremm, 73, German film director and screenwriter, complications from cancer. Gerd Gudding, 63, Norwegian musician. Ismet Hadžić, 61, Bosnian footballer, cancer. Masao Horiba, 90, Japanese businessman, founded Horiba. Nobuo Mii, 84, Japanese computer executive (IBM). Mansour Nariman, 80, Iranian oud player. Olaf Pooley, 101, English actor (Doctor Who, Star Trek: Voyager, Sunday Night Theatre) and writer. Marlene Sanders, 84, American television news executive (ABC World News Tonight, CBS News) and journalist, cancer. Alby Schultz, 76, Australian politician, NSW MP for Burrinjuck (1988–1998), federal MP for Hume (1998–2013), cancer. Dave Somerville, 81, Canadian-American singer (The Diamonds), pancreatic cancer. M. S. Viswanathan, 87, Indian music composer and film scorer. 15 Jacques Allard, 89, French Olympic sailor. Masahiko Aoki, 77, Japanese economist, lung disorder. Phil Cayzer, 93, Australian rower. Federico Cerruti, 93, Italian art collector. Alan Curtis, 80, American harpsichordist, conductor and scholar. Alexis FitzGerald Jnr, 70, Irish politician, member of the Seanad Éireann (1982–1987) and Teachta Dála (1982), Lord Mayor of Dublin (1981–1982). Aubrey Morris, 89, British actor (A Clockwork Orange, Love and Death, The Wicker Man). Oswald Probst, 80, Austrian Olympic archer. Sheila Ramani, 83, Indian actress, complications from Alzheimer's disease. Howard Rumsey, 97, American modern jazz double bassist, bandleader and nightclub owner. Wan Li, 98, Chinese politician, Chairman of the National People's Congress (1988–1993). Jacques Thébault, 91, French actor. Fred Wendorf, 90, American archaeologist. Rogi Wieg, 52, Dutch writer and musician, euthanasia. 16 Denis Avey, 96, British World War II veteran and memoirist. Joseph Caprani, 95, Irish cricket player and umpire. Paul Chervet, 73, Swiss Olympic boxer. Evelyn Ebsworth, 82, British chemist and university administrator, Vice-Chancellor and Warden of Durham University (1990–1998). Alcides Ghiggia, 88, Uruguayan-Italian football player and manager (Peñarol), heart attack. John H. Gibbons, 86, American scientist, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (1993–1998). Sir Jack Goody, 95, British social anthropologist. Raymond Goussot, 93, French cyclist. Brian Hall, 68, Scottish footballer (Liverpool), leukaemia. Alan Kupperberg, 62, American comic book artist (The Amazing Spider-Man, Thor, Iron Man), thymus cancer. Jean Lacouture, 94, French journalist and historian. Jim Mayne, 64, Canadian politician, leader of Prince Edward Island New Democratic Party (1983–1989). V. Ramakrishna, 67, Indian playback singer and film scorer, cancer. Moreshwar Save, 85, Indian politician, MP for Aurangabad (1989–1996). Veikko Savela, 96, Finnish politician. Pranciškus Tupikas, 86, Lithuanian politician. W. Wilbert Welch, 97, American theologian. Milton L. Wood, 92, American Episcopal prelate, Bishop Suffragan of Atlanta (1967–1974). 17 Andal Ampatuan, Sr., 74, Filipino politician, Governor of Maguindanao, suspect in the Maguindanao massacre, heart attack. Bill Arnsparger, 88, American football coach (New York Giants, LSU Tigers) and athletic director (University of Florida), heart attack. Jules Bianchi, 25, French Formula One driver, head injuries sustained in a race collision. Owen Chadwick, 99, British historian, theologian, and rugby player. Murray Feingold, 84, American physician and medical journalist. Francis P. Filice, 92, American priest and academic. Don Fontana, 84, Canadian tennis player. Duff Holbrook, 92, American biologist and outdoorsman, designer of rocket net for use in hunting. Ray Jessel, 85, Welsh scriptwriter and songwriter (Baker Street). William C. Kuebler, 44, American military officer, appointed lawyer for Omar Khadr, cancer. John McCluskey, 71, Scottish Olympic boxer (1964). Van Miller, 87, American football announcer (Buffalo Bills). James Nyondo, 47, Malawian politician, lung cancer. Susumu Okubo, 85, Japanese theoretical physicist. Nova Pilbeam, 95, British actress (The Man Who Knew Too Much, Young and Innocent, Tudor Rose). Dagmar Sierck, 57, German Olympic swimmer. John Taylor, 72, British jazz pianist, heart attack. Dick van Bekkum, 89, Dutch radiobiologist. 18 Tim Beaglehole, 82, New Zealand historian and educator, chancellor of Victoria University, pneumonia. Sushil Bhattacharya, 90, Indian football player, men's (East Bengal) and women's (national team) coach. Ron Bissett, 83, Canadian Olympic basketball player. Elmer Borstad, 90, Canadian politician. Buddy Buie, 74, American songwriter ("Spooky", "Traces"), heart attack. George Coe, 86, American actor (Archer, Kramer vs. Kramer, The Mighty Ducks). Neal Falls, 45, American murder suspect, shot. Lou Gardiner, 62, New Zealand military officer, Chief of the Army (2003–2006), cancer. Priscilla Kincaid-Smith, 88, South African-Australian nephrologist, discovered the link between phenacetin and kidney cancer. Athanasios Moulakis, 70, Greek historian and political scientist. Alex Rocco, 79, American actor (The Godfather, The George Carlin Show, The Facts of Life), Emmy winner (1990), pancreatic cancer. Hugh Stretton, 91, Australian historian. Per Tønder, 104, Norwegian politician. Wang Fuzhou, 80, Chinese mountain climber. Allan Willett, 78, British soldier and businessman, Lord-Lieutenant of Kent (2002–2011). Brock Winkless, 55, American puppeteer and visual effects technician (Child's Play, Tales from the Crypt, Terminator 2: Judgment Day); multiple sclerosis. Yang Ko-han, 27, Taiwanese actress, suicide by hanging. 19 Van Alexander, 100, American big band leader, songwriter-arranger ("A-Tisket, A-Tasket"), film and television composer (I Dream of Jeannie, Bewitched), heart failure. Rugger Ardizoia, 95, Italian baseball player (New York Yankees), stroke. Stellan Bojerud, 70, Swedish politician, MP for Dalarna (2012–2015). Douglas S. Cook, 56, American screenwriter (The Rock, Double Jeopardy). Elio Fiorucci, 80, Italian fashion designer. Josh Greenberg, 28, American technology executive, co-founder of Grooveshark. Lalubha Jadeja, 92, Indian cricketer. Bernat Martínez, 35, Spanish motorcycle racer, race collision. Richard Ochoa, 31, Venezuelan cyclist, motorcycle collision. Bryan O'Linn, 87, South African-born Namibian jurist and human rights advocate, member of the High Court (1989–1999) and Supreme Court (1999–2006). Sybren Polet, 91, Dutch writer. Galina Prozumenshchikova, 66, Russian Soviet-era swimmer, Olympic champion (1964). Carmino Ravosa, 85, American composer and lyricist. Dani Rivas, 27, Spanish motorcycle racer, race collision. David Roth, 56, American opera director and manager Gennadiy Seleznyov, 67, Russian politician, Speaker of the Duma (1996–2003). Mildred Joanne Smith, 94, American actress (No Way Out) and educator, survivor of National Airlines Flight 101 crash. Václav Snítil, 87, Czech violinist and teacher. 20 Jean Alfred, 75, Canadian politician. George Bon Salle, 80, American basketball player. Wayne Carson, 72, American songwriter ("The Letter", "Always on My Mind", "Neon Rainbow"). Fred Else, 82, English footballer (Preston North End). Ron Fitch, 105, Australian railway historian. Inge Glashörster, 88, German Olympic sprinter. Sally Gross, 81, American dancer and choreographer, ovarian cancer. Des Horne, 75, South African footballer (Blackpool). Kafumba Konneh, 71, Liberian Islamic cleric, peace activist and public servant, commissioner of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Dieter Moebius, 71, Swiss-German electronic musician (Cluster, Harmonia, Moebius & Plank), cancer. Tom Moore, 86, American cartoonist (Archie), throat cancer. Sieghardt Rupp, 84, Austrian actor. Raymond Stora, 84, French theoretical physicist. Shunsuke Tsurumi, 93, Japanese philosopher and anti-war activist, pneumonia. Giorgos Velentzas, 87, Greek actor. Colin Youren, 76, Australian football player (Hawthorn), cancer. 21 Mitch Aliotta, 71, American musician (Rotary Connection, Aliotta Haynes Jeremiah), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gigi Angelillo, 75, Italian actor and voice actor. Theodore Bikel, 91, Austrian-born American actor (The Defiant Ones, My Fair Lady, Fiddler on the Roof), folk singer and composer. Robert Broberg, 75, Swedish singer and songwriter, Parkinson's disease. Luiz Paulo Conde, 80, Brazilian politician and architect, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro (1997–2001). Charlie Cullinane, 72, Irish hurler (Cork). William R. Dickinson, 83, American geoscientist, member of the National Academy of Sciences. E. L. Doctorow, 84, American author (Ragtime, Billy Bathgate, The March), complications from lung cancer. Buddy Emmons, 78, American steel guitarist. Paul Freeman, 79, American music conductor, founder of Chicago Sinfonietta. Günter Fronius, 107, Austrian entrepreneur. Gelsen Gas, 82, Mexican artist and filmmaker. Nicholas Gonzalez, 67, American physician known for alternative cancer treatments. Ho Sheng-lung, 62, Taiwanese politician, MLY (1998–1999), liver cancer. T. Kanakam, 88, Indian actress. Kang Nung-su, 85, North Korean politician. Alfredo Lardelli, 59, Swiss murderer and businessman, multiple organ failure. Czesław Marchaj, 97, Polish yachtsman and professor. Ernie McCullough, 89, Canadian Olympic sprinter. Anthony Megale, 61, American mobster. Mariam Mfaki, 69, Tanzanian politician, MP for Dodoma (since 2000), lung cancer. Dick Nanninga, 66, Dutch footballer (Roda JC Kerkrade, national team), complications from diabetes. Serhiy Omelyanovych, 37, Ukrainian footballer (Charleroi). Don Randall, 62, Australian politician, MP for Swan (1996–1998) and Canning (since 2001), suspected heart attack. Olav Riste, 82, Norwegian historian. James F. Rothenberg, 69, American financial executive, chairman of the Capital Group, heart attack. Mike Turner, 80, English cricketer (Leicestershire). 22 Barbara Calvert, 89, British barrister. Herschal Crow, 80, American politician, member of the Oklahoma Senate (1969–1982) and Secretary of Transportation (2001–2003), complications following hip surgery. Denny Ebbers, 41, Dutch Olympic judoka (1996), brain tumor. Christopher M. Fairman, 54, American legal scholar (Fuck: Word Taboo and Protecting Our First Amendment Liberties), cardiac arrest. Eddie Hardin, 66, British rock musician (Spencer Davis Group) and singer-songwriter, heart attack. Marilyn C. Jones, 88, American baseball player (AAGBPL). Don Joyce, 71, American musician (Negativland) and radio personality (Over the Edge), heart failure. Frank Narvo, 82, Australian rugby league player (Newtown Jets). Daron Norwood, 49, American country music singer. Roble Olhaye, 71, Djiboutian diplomat, Ambassador to the United States (since 1988), Dean of the Diplomatic Corps of Washington, D.C. Natasha Parry, 84, British actress (Romeo and Juliet, Oh! What a Lovely War, Meetings with Remarkable Men), stroke. Simon-Pierre Saint-Hillien, 64, Haitian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Hinche (since 2009). Josef Scheungraber, 97, German World War II army officer and convicted war criminal. Hoza'a Sherif, 54, Lebanese diplomat, Ambassador to Iraq (since 2006), cancer. Martin Storey, British Channel Islander politician, member of the States (since 2008), cancer. Gordon Stuart, 91, Canadian-born Welsh portrait artist. Horst Walter, 76, German footballer (Dynamo Dresden). 23 William Wakefield Baum, 88, American Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Washington (1973–1980), Cardinal (1976–2015). Mladen Dražetin, 64, Serbian academic and poet. Francis Guess, 69, American civil rights advocate and public servant, member of the U. S. Civil Rights Commission (1983–1989). Jon the Postman, 59, English punk rock singer, burst heart valve. Shigeko Kubota, 77, Japanese artist, cancer. Mexicano 777, 43, Puerto Rican rapper, tongue and throat cancer. Don Oberdorfer, 84, American journalist and author, Alzheimer's disease. Rasoul Raeisi, 90, Iranian Olympic weightlifter (1948). José Sazatornil, 89, Spanish actor. Aung Thaung, 74, Burmese politician and businessman, member of the Pyithu Hluttaw for Taungtha Township (since 2011). Cirilo Vila, 77, Chilean composer, heart attack. James L. White, 67, American screenwriter (Ray), complications from pancreatic cancer. 24 Irv Bauer, 82, American playwright and screenwriter. Corsino Fortes, 82, Cape Verdean writer, poet and diplomat, Ambassador to Portugal (1975–1981). Peg Lynch, 98, American comedy writer and actress (Ethel and Albert). Florenz Regalado, 86, Filipino Supreme Court judge. Jürgen Rohwer, 91, German naval historian. Mario Sereni, 87, Italian operatic baritone. Ingrid Sischy, 63, South African magazine editor and critic, breast cancer. Dale Sturtz, 77, American politician, member of the Indiana House of Representatives (1992–2002). 25 Jacques Andreani, 85, French diplomat. Kalpataru Das, 64, Indian politician, member of the Rajya Sabha (since 2014), Odisha MLA for Dharmasala (1995–2014), cancer. R. S. Gavai, 85, Indian politician, Governor of Bihar (2006–2008), Kerala (2008–2011), member of the Rajya Sabha (2000–2006), MP for Amravati (1998). Silan Kadirgamar, 81, Sri Lankan academic. Bob Kauffman, 69, American basketball player (Seattle SuperSonics, Buffalo Braves) and coach (Detroit Pistons). Larbi Messari, 79, Moroccan politician and diplomat, Minister of Communications (1998–2000), Ambassador to Brazil (1985–1991). Robin Phillips, 73, British-born Canadian actor and director (Long Day's Journey into Night, Jekyll & Hyde, The Marriage of Figaro), artistic director of Stratford Festival (1975–1980). Scott Sims, 59, American veterinarian and television personality (Aloha Vet), bladder cancer. Joseph Skerrett, 72, American literary critic. Nilo Zandanel, 77, Italian Olympic ski jumper. 26 Abu Zant, 60–61, Jordanian Muslim scholar and politician, member of the House of Representatives (1989–1997). Richard Bass, 85, American ski executive and mountaineer, co-founder of Snowbird Ski Resort, first person to climb the Seven Summits, pulmonary fibrosis. Bobbi Kristina Brown, 22, American media personality and singer, water immersion and drug intoxication. Peter Ehrlich, 82, German actor. Peggy Evans, 94, British actress (The Blue Lamp). Vic Firth, 85, American musician and percussion mallet manufacturer, pancreatic cancer. Benita Gil, 102, Spanish teacher and exiled, Order of Isabella the Catholic (2014). Wolfgang Gönnenwein, 82, German conductor and music director, director of Staatstheater Stuttgart (1985–1992). Bijoy Krishna Handique, 80, Indian politician, MP for Jorhat (1991–2014), Rajya Sabha (1980–1986), Assam MLA for Jorhat (1971–1980). Lee Harwood, 76, British poet. Han Heijenbrock, 85, Dutch Olympic rower. Junichi Komori, 74, Japanese billiards player, cancer. Mike Kostiuk, 95, Canadian-born American football player (Cleveland Rams, Detroit Lions), heart failure. Jeffrey S. Lyons, 75, Canadian lawyer, lobbyist and business executive, heart attack. Flora MacDonald, 89, Canadian politician, Secretary of State for External Affairs (1979–1980), MP for Kingston and the Islands (1972–1988). Robert Mosher, 94, American architect (San Diego–Coronado Bridge). Lerryn Mutton, 90, Australian politician, member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Yaralla (1968–1978). Vasili Pichul, 54, Ukrainian-born Russian film director (Little Vera). Leo Reise Jr., 93, Canadian ice hockey player (Detroit Red Wings), lung cancer. Ann Rule, 83, American true crime author (The Stranger Beside Me), heart failure. Pía Sebastiani, 90, Argentine pianist and composer. Richard Smith, 80, Australian diplomat. Sebastiano Vassalli, 73, Italian novelist. Joe Williams, 56, American film critic (St. Louis Post-Dispatch), traffic collision. 27 Tom Boyd, 86, American politician, member of the Idaho House of Representatives (1977–1992). Edward Campbell, 71, English rugby league player. J. W. S. Cassels, 93, British mathematician, fall. Rickey Grundy, 56, American gospel musician. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 83, Indian scientist and politician, President of India (2002–2007), heart attack. Paul Langford, 69, British historian, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford (2000–2012). Chris Lazari, 69, Cypriot-born British property developer, heart attack. Ivan Moravec, 84, Czech concert pianist. Clyde M. Narramore, 98, American author and psychologist. Rafael Navarro Núñez, 69, Spanish painter. Samuel Pisar, 86, Polish-born American lawyer, writer and Holocaust survivor, pneumonia. Alina Rodríguez, 63, Cuban actress, cancer. Anthony Shaw, 85, British army general, Director General Army Medical Services (1988–1990). Tony Vogel, 73, British actor (Raiders of the Lost Ark, Mission: Impossible, Miracle). 28 James H. Allen, 87, American clown and children's television personality, heart failure. Diego Barisone, 26, Argentine footballer (Unión de Santa Fe), traffic collision. Claude M. Bolton Jr., 69, American army general. David Faber, 86, Polish-born Holocaust survivor and author (Because of Romek). Rip Hawkins, 76, American football player (Minnesota Vikings), Lewy body dementia. John M. Hull, 80, British theologian. Barry Hunter, 87, Australian Anglican prelate, Bishop of Riverina (1971–1992). James Jude, 87, American thoracic surgeon, developer of CPR, neurological disorder. Carolyn Kaelin, 54, American cancer surgeon, cancer. Jan Kulczyk, 65, Polish businessman (Kulczyk Investments), wealthiest person in Poland, complications of heart surgery. David Leaning, 78, British Anglican priest. Edward Natapei, 61, Ni-Vanuatu politician, President (1999), Prime Minister (2001–2004, 2008–2009, 2009–2010, 2011), MP (1983–2008). Olubuse II, 85, Nigerian traditional ruler of Ife. Fred Otnes, 89, American artist. Josef Pecanka, 90, Austrian field hockey player, football player and coach. Franciscus Xaverius Rocharjanta Prajasuta, 83, Indonesian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Banjarmasin (1983–2008), kidney failure. Clive Rice, 66, South African cricketer, brain tumour. Shawn Robinson, 41, American stunt performer (Guardians of the Galaxy, Transformers, Hook). Suniti Solomon, 76, Indian doctor and AIDS researcher. Jack Boynton Strong, 85, American politician, member of the Texas Senate (1963–1971), Alzheimer's disease. 29 Giorgio Albani, 86, Italian cyclist. Harry B. Brock Jr., 90, American banker. Antony Holland, 95, British-born Canadian actor, playwright, and theatre director. Malik Ishaq, 55–56, Pakistani Lashkar-e-Jhangvi leader, shot. Vasundhara Komkali, 84, Indian classical musician. Sir Peter O'Sullevan, 97, Irish-born British horse racing commentator, cancer. Charles Pous, 66, French Olympic hockey player. Mike Pyle, 76, American football player (Chicago Bears), 1963 NFL Champion, brain hemorrhage. Jemera Rone, 71, American human rights activist, ovarian cancer. Liya Shakirova, 94, Soviet and Russian linguist. Peter Sim, 98, Australian politician, Senator for Western Australia (1964–1981). Tamarillo, 23, British eventing horse, euthanised. (death announced on this date) Sir John Todd, 88, New Zealand businessman (Todd Corporation) and philanthropist. Alfredo Vernacotola, 37, Italian poet. Franklin H. Westervelt, 85, American computer scientist. 30 Oleg Alekseev, 62, Russian Soviet wrestler. Lynn Anderson, 67, American country singer ("Rose Garden"), heart attack. Stuart Baggs, 27, English entrepreneur and The Apprentice candidate. John Bitove, Sr., 87, Canadian businessman. Louise Crossley, 72–73, Australian environmentalist and scientist. Clifford Earl, 81, British actor (Doctor Who, The Sea Wolves). Harry Gast, 94, American politician, member of the Michigan Senate (1979–2002). Kenneth Irby, 78, American poet. Endel Lippmaa, 84, Estonian scientist and politician. Yakub Memon, 53, Indian terrorist and chartered accountant, convicted of financing the 1993 Bombay bombings, execution by hanging. Francis Paul Prucha, 94, American historian. Louis Sokoloff, 93, American neuroscientist. Alena Vrzáňová, 84, Czech figure skater, World Champion (1949, 1950) and European Champion (1950). John Weinert, 83, American college basketball coach (Bowling Green Falcons). Ernst K. Zinner, 78, Austrian-born American astrophysicist. 31 Charles P. Bowers, 86, American baseball scout (Boston Red Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies), Parkinson's disease. Curtis Brown, 60, American football player (Buffalo Bills), heart attack. Alan Cheuse, 75, American writer and critic, traffic collision. Ruud Sesink Clee, 84, Dutch rower. Coralie de Burgh, 90, British painter. Rubén Espinosa, 31, Mexican photographer and journalist. murdered. Robert Hemenway, 73, American educator, Chancellor of the University of Kansas (1995–2009). Howard W. Jones, 104, American physician, IVF pioneer, respiratory failure. Takeshi Katō, 86, Japanese actor (Ran). Gerald S. O'Loughlin, 93, American actor (The Rookies, In Cold Blood, Ice Station Zebra). Sasi Perumal, 59, Indian Gandhian and anti-alcohol activist. Billy Pierce, 88, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, San Francisco Giants), gallbladder cancer. Roddy Piper, 61, Canadian professional wrestler (WWE, NWA, WCW) and actor (They Live, Hell Comes to Frogtown, Body Slam), complications from hypertension. Red Dragon, 49, Jamaican reggae singer. Richard Schweiker, 89, American politician, Secretary of HHS (1981–1983), Senator from Pennsylvania (1969–1981), U.S. Representative from Penn 13th district (1961–1969), infection. László Sinkó, 75, Hungarian actor. Derek Turner, 82, English rugby league player (Wakefield Trinity). W. Eugene Wilson, 86, American politician. Zhang Jingfu, 101, Chinese politician, Finance Minister (1975–1979), State Councilor (1978–1988). References 2015-07 07
A Stab in the Dark is a 1999 English language Ghanaian movie produced by Bam Nemesia, Ltd. and directed by Veronica Quarshie. It was a financial and critical success, winning Best Film at the Ghana Movie Awards in 2000. Plot A lady is betrayed when her best friend, starts a relationship with her father after the family helps her by taking her in. This five film series (A Stab in the Dark 1,2, Ripples: A Stab in Dark 3, Ripples 2, and Ripples 3) follows the lives of young women in domestic dramas and represents a variation of the social issues in drama. In A Stab in the Dark, the main character, Effe, is a pretty young woman who prefers dating much older, usually married men. Effe leaves her home to escape her mother's criticism of her behavior and stays with her friend's family. While at her friend Kate's house, Effe has an affair with Kate's father and ruins the dynamics of that family. Eventually, in the fifth film, Effe decides to turn her life around and instead of ruining families and marriages, helps save a marriage and regains her friendship with Kate. Cast Psalm Adjeteyfio Pascaline Edwards Edinam Atatsi Kwame Owusu-Ansah Naana Hayford Mawuli Semevo Grace Omaboe Agnes Dapaah Nat Banini Wendy Nortey Henry Nartey Abeiku Nyame (Jagger Pee) Abeiku Acquah Yvonne Boakye Sequels A Stab in the Dark is the first in a series of five short films all directed by Veronica Quarshie and released between 1999 and 2003. A Stab in the Dark (1999) A Stab in the Dark 2 (2000) Ripples: A Stab in the Dark 3 (2000) Ripples 2 (2000) Rage: Ripples 3 (2003) Analysis A Stab in the Dark and its sequels are noted for focusing on male infidelity as a source of familial conflict, a plot device not commonly used in Ghanaian and Nigerian cinema. Reception A Stab in the Dark and its sequels are considered to be among Quarshie's best and most significant work. A Stab in the Dark was financially successful and won several awards, including Best Film at the Ghana Movie Awards in 2000. Further reading Aveh, Michael Africanus. "Culture, Identity, Nationalism and the African Cinema: The Dream and Current Challenges." Diss. University of Ghana Legon, Ghana, 2011. Print. References English-language Ghanaian films 1999 films 1990s English-language films
This Island is the third and most recent album by American dance-punk band Le Tigre. It was released by Universal Records on October 19, 2004. The album was the band's only one for a major label and reached number 130 on the Billboard 200. As of 2008, the album had sold 90,000 copies. Recording and production Following the conclusion of the Feminist Sweepstakes touring cycle in 2002, the band envisioned a different approach to their recording. They decided to remove studio deadlines, and instead of going to North Carolina to record material (because New York recording studios were too expensive), the band used their touring money to set up their own individual home studios with Pro Tools in Manhattan, New York, and were switching around hard drives of music while working on the record. "It’s done so much", JD Samson commented on the new recording approach. "One thing is that it lends it self so well to the bands music and it's a non-linear process where we can just patch stuff up and also having the time. But plus it made us stuck for years on the record because we were so picky." As there were no deadlines for studio times or pressures from their label at the time, Mr. Lady, the band had the ability to polish their sound beyond the DIY sound of their previous records. “It’s slightly more produced", Kathleen Hanna commented on the record's sound. "Just because we spent a lot more time on each individual song and made sure we had all the frequencies covered." The band chose Nick Sansano as the album's producer, due to his work mixing Rob Base & DJ E-Z Rock's "It Takes Two"; "It pretty much sealed the deal for us", Johanna Fateman commented. Composition and songs This Island has been described as poppier than previous Le Tigre records, and was something the band had been developing since their last album Feminist Sweepstakes. "The writing was emerging as poppier and accessible", Hanna said in an interview to The Guardian. "I remember saying to the others, 'All the songs I'm writing are pop songs. What are you writing? Because if we're going on a major label, let this be the record.'" "Seconds" is a fast punk song about then-president George W. Bush. Hanna, a strong opponent of Bush, commented: "You know that feeling when you see him on TV and you feel like you're going to throw up?" I feel like I can't look at him anymore because I get so physically freaked out and upset. I don't wanna be one of those "tune out, turn off" people, but I don't even know if I can mentally take watching him lie anymore. It makes me so angry and upset." "Tell You Now" is the only song on the album produced by Ric Ocasek of The Cars, and the track also samples Cookie Man by The Jazz Crusaders. Ocasek had an active involvement in crafting the song and also helped the band shape their sound by giving the band a few "pop tricks". Fateman later commented on working with Ocasek: "That was an interesting experience working with him, but we never worked with anyone that early in the process who listened to our demo of the song and had structuring ideas and had someone who’s really a master of the pop formula. Having someone like that in the process was really rewarding and totally different, but really interesting." "New Kicks" was described by the band's publicist as "a dance anthem made up of samples of anti-war speeches by Susan Sarandon, Al Sharpton, and others, punctuated by a 'Peace Up, War Down!' chant". The song's chants were recorded at the 15 February anti-war protests in Manhattan by JD Samson, and its sampled chant approach was compared to "Dyke March 2001", an earlier Le Tigre song (from Feminist Sweepstakes). "Viz" is about JD Samson, and her experiences as a butch lesbian. Release and promotion In 2004, the band's label, Mr. Lady, notified the band ahead of time they were going to stop releasing new music. After some discussion, Le Tigre decided signed to major label Universal Records through Strummer, an imprint label run by Gary Gersh, the ex-president of Capitol Records. The band decided to sign to a major label due to the band's exhaustion of touring with no support, and because it would have given the band's politics and message greater exposure into the mainstream. "It's about time a feminist group got a little love from the mainstream,", Kathleen Hanna said, defending Le Tigre's move to a major label. "It made sense on a lot of levels, and all of our friends and close fans have been incredibly supportive." This Island was released through Strummer/Universal on October 19, 2004, two weeks before the 2004 US presidential election. The vinyl release was handled by the band's own label, Le Tigre Records, and distributed by Touch & Go Records. "New Kicks" was released as the album's first single by the label ahead of the 2004 Republican National Convention, something the band was not expecting to happen. The song's music video featured the band wearing "Stop Bush Now!" outfits, which despite being warned against by Universal as being too partisan, they wore anyway. Le Tigre also promoted the album through tours in North America and Europe from 2004 to 2005, including performances at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival 2004 and on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in April 2005, where they peformed "TKO". They were also scheduled to appear at Lollapalooza 2004, but was cancelled due to the festival's poor ticket sales. In 2005, Le Tigre released a remix album, This Island Remixes, through Le Tigre Records. Commercial performance The album peaked at number 130 on the Billboard 200 chart, remaining on the chart for one week. As of 2008, the album has sold 90,000 copies in the US. The album's singles "TKO" and "After Dark" peaked at numbers 50 and 63 in the UK, respectively. Critical reception This Island received generally favorable reviews from music critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 66, based on 28 reviews. Katie Zerwas of PopMatters gave the band high praise for utilizing its new-found mainstream backing to craft dance-rock material that's both entertaining and mindful of their stance on gender politics, concluding with, "Smart and sexy, political and provocative, Le Tigre is the best and brightest of feminist rock." Rob Theakston of AllMusic also applauded the band for putting a commercial sheen over their usual new wave formula while still retaining their ability to deliver biting commentary, concluding that "Of all the groups Universal could have chosen from this tired, depressing movement, they certainly chose the most honest and promising of the bunch and one whose full potential is just now starting to flourish." Pat Blashill of Rolling Stone praised the upbeat production and confident lyricism for voicing the band's social problems, saying that "If Clear Channel didn't have the airwaves on lockdown, This Island would turn the thirteen-year-old girls of this nation into singing, stomping, rioting mobs demanding r-e-s-p-e-c-t." Alex Petridis of The Guardian was mixed about the album, saying that the production captures the band's live shows and political message but was put off by the vocal delivery, concluding that "money cannot change vocalist Kathleen Hanna's tendency to sound snotty rather than angry, which frequently leaves you feeling like you're being harangued by Buffy the Vampire Slayers right-on classmate." Pitchfork writer Nick Sylvester criticized the album for taking less risks with the band's attempt at commercializing its genre-hopping political tracks to the mainstream masses, concluding that it "ends up being merely a squandered opportunity, which sadly sums up This Island as well." Derek Miller of Stylus Magazine felt the album toned down the band's penchant for delivering upbeat socio-political tracks that comes across more slick but soulless in its social message, saying that, "This Island is expertly produced at times, with a crisp, micro-edged flaunt that belies their gauche political discourse." Track listing Charts References External links 2004 albums Albums produced by Ric Ocasek Le Tigre albums Universal Records albums Albums produced by Nick Sansano
Gary Michael Fletcher (September 15, 1940 – April 30, 1988), best known by his ring name Man Mountain Mike, was an American professional wrestler. Professional wrestling career Fletcher was a baseball player and played two years of college baseball at Washington State Teachers College in Maine. He was discovered at a buffet by Al Lovelock, who wrestled as The Great Bolo, and trained Fletcher as a wrestler. Fletcher made his wrestling debut in 1967 for the American Wrestling Association. He wrestled as a tag team with Haystacks Calhoun, who also weighed over 600 pounds; their combined weight was over 1200 pounds in the ring. Mike was wrestling with Iron Mike DiBiase on July 2, 1969 in Lubbock, Texas, when DiBiase suffered a fatal heart attack in the ring during the match. DiBiase was pronounced dead at the hospital. DiBiase's death was not directly related to professional wrestling; rather, he died as a result of high cholesterol. Mike later wrestled in British Columbia, where he had a series of matches against Don Leo Jonathan in 1970 and 1971. Mike wrestled for Championship Wrestling from Florida in the early 1970s. He participated in many battles royal, and because of his size, it was difficult for opponents to eliminate him over the top rope. As a result, the promotion billed him as "the acknowledged king of battles royal" and promoted many of these matches as "featuring Man Mountain Mike". On one occasion in 1972, his participation led to a feud with Buddy Colt, as Colt caused Mike to be eliminated from a battle royal. He would also offer $100 to any wrestler who was able to lift him up. While competing for NWA Hollywood Wrestling, Mike won the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship with tag team partner Butcher Brannigan on August 31, 1974 at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. They dropped the belts on September 14 to Porkchop Cash and Victor Rivera. He also held the NWA "Beat the Champ" Television Championship twice. Man Mountain Mike toured Japan as a wrestler in 1975. He had a series of matches against Antonio Inok, but was unable to defeat Inoki in singles matches or in tag team competitions. He later wrestled for the World Wide Wrestling Federation. He competed in both singles and tag team matches, which included teaming with Crusher Blackwell on February 20, 1976 in a loss to WWWF Tag Team Champions Louis Cerdan and Tony Parisi. Retirement, death and legacy After retiring from the ring in 1977, Mike opened a dry cleaning business, as well as a taxi service; he also drove a school bus. He was married to Mary Lee Quinn, and together they had a son, Shawn. While adjusting his bus seat backwards in 1988, he accidentally cut the back of his leg on the seat track. The cut developed a staph infection, causing blood clots, which were exacerbated by his diabetes. He died on April 30, 1988, aged 47. The ring name Man Mountain Mike was later used in the Canadian Maritimes by Mike Shaw, who also appeared with the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling as Bastion Booger and Norman the Lunatic, respectively. Championships and accomplishments NWA Hollywood Wrestling NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Butcher Brannigan NWA "Beat the Champ" Television Championship (2 times) See also List of premature professional wrestling deaths References External links American male professional wrestlers 1940 births 1988 deaths 20th-century American male actors 20th-century professional wrestlers NWA "Beat the Champ" Television Champions NWA Americas Tag Team Champions Professional wrestlers from New Hampshire
Drape suits are a 1930s British variation of the three-piece suit, in which the cut is full and 'drapes'. It is also known as the blade cut or London cut. The design of the athletic aesthetic of the drape suit is attributed to the London tailor Frederick Scholte. The new suit cut was softer and more flexible in construction than the suits of the previous generation; extra fabric in the shoulder and armscye, light padding, a slightly nipped waist, and fuller sleeves tapered at the wrist resulted in a cut with folds, or "drapes," front and back that created the illusion of the broad-shoulders and tight-waist "V" figure of the very fit. Historical background Most changes in menswear occur slowly and subtly, until the shift becomes noticeably different. This noticeably different change occurs some time after the transition had begun. In comparison, changes in women's fashions are fast and each alteration noticeable almost immediately as it occurs. English tailoring remained the norm in leading men's fashions with a heavy influence of sportswear. 1920s-1930s Introduced in the late 1920s, the athletic silhouette in suits “gradually and subtly refined into the drape cut”. The athletic cut was more comfortable and less fitted to allow for movement. Previously, they were considered informal and not suitable for everyday dress on the streets. During the early 1900s, there was a shift of attitudes, and the clothes that were considered informal or for sports were being worn on the streets and were considered acceptable wear. The English drape suit became popular by the late 1930s. Scholte's distinctive V-shaped suit was developed through “discreet horizontal drapes narrowed across the shoulder blades from the roomy armholes down to the raised waistline”. This shape resembled a ‘V’, which was caused by the broad shoulders that narrowed to a tucked in waistline, which smoothed over the hips as opposed to flaring back out (like the tail coat or the frock coat that preceded it). The shoulders were not padded, looking natural, broad and masculine. The drape suit was a more comfortable, athletic alternative to the slim suits of the preceding war years and their restrictions. It had more fabric through the shoulders and chest, causing a slight drape or wrinkle. Like other suit jackets, this style could be made single or double-breasted. The pants were also cut fuller “with pleated fronts and wide legs that tapered slightly to the ankle”. Variations: The American drape suit versus the British drape suit The main difference between American and British version of the drape suit was in the treatment of the sleeve-head at the shoulderline. The American version had a “smooth roll of sleeve fabric where it was stitched into the armscye” whereas the English version had “tiny puckers from stitch tucks”. In addition, the American drape suit has a very tapered waist that helps to exaggerate the bulk in the chest and shoulders, and causes the skirt line to appear flared (Gentleman's Gazette, par. 5). In comparison, the English version has a less tapered waist with a straight skirt line. The drape suit in the mid-20th century By the mid-1930s, “two subtle changes added a touch of modernity to the athletic suit style”. The first modification was the alteration of the peaked lapel, which became wider and angled more upwards. This added more fullness and width to the ‘masculine’ chest. The second modification was the alteration of the sleeve armholes to become more narrow and raised. This added more fullness and width for a ‘masculine’ impact in the broadness of the shoulders and narrow waist. The drape suit remained popular during World War II, being a familiar and stable piece during uncertain times. A man's shoulders remained broad, fluid and natural; his chest appeared full and muscular “with the deeply rolled lapels”; “his waist and hips were made trim with the raised coat waistline and ventless skirt”. In the 1950s, men's fashions followed the trend of women's. With Christian Dior's New Look for women, came the Bold Look and Continental Cut for men. The Bold Look was the continuation of the English drape cut with greater emphasis on the coordination of the suit with its accessories and shirt. It continued to have broad shoulders with a slightly nipped in waist and a double-breasted suit jacket. This cut was anchored in the WWII version, without the war restrictions. The late 20th century In the 1974 film, The Great Gatsby, the drape suit of the 1920s and 1930s was revisited. The suit was modernized with the use of synthetic fabrics and a more modern construction. Recently, Michael Anton, author of The Suit, has advocated for the return of the drape suit. The American Zoot suit is an extreme exaggeration of excess fabric. Although the drape suit and the sack suit are similar, they are not the same cut and style. References Suits (clothing)
Pokolgép is a Hungarian heavy metal band formed in the early 1980s (around 1982). They were among the first heavy metal bands in Hungary along with Moby Dick. The name "Pokolgép" literally means Infernal Machine, but is the Hungarian word for a home-made bomb. History The early years The founding members of Pokolgép were Gábor Kukovecz, Endre Paksi and Tibor Varga in the late 1970s. Kukovecz took guitar lessons from Prognózis guitarist/singer István Vörös who suggested that the name of the metal band be "Kommandó", which sounded less offensive. They used this name for some months before changing it back to Pokolgép. At the beginning of their music career, they were going through a rough patch because of their poverty and the government's negative attitude towards the band. They had been playing semi-illegal concerts on the outskirts of Budapest and as a result, they found unexpected success. They had had several drummers and guitarists until they found László Nagyfi for playing the second guitar and András Gyenizse for drums. In 1985, Paksi left the band due to personal conflicts (he couldn't agree with Kukovecz on the leading of the band) and went on to form Ossian. He was replaced by György Pazdera on the bass guitar. Some months later, Gyenizse emigrated to the US, so Pazdera invited his old friend László Tarcza to join them. In 1983 the band was the runner-up in Ki mit tud? (a state-organised talent-searching festival), so they were allowed to record a song ("Kegyetlen asszony") which was released on a split 7-inch single. They also recorded two songs in the Hungarian Radio in 1984 ("Cirkusz és rács" and "A bűn"). In 1985 they recorded and released their first single with two songs ("A Sátán" and "A maszk"). The first albums A very special thing happened in 1986: the government allowed Hungaroton to release the first heavy metal album in Hungary. This was the debut album of Pokolgép, titled Totális Metal. This was the time heavy metal bands started to come to the Eastern bloc (e.g. Iron Maiden and Queen), mainly to Poland and Hungary. Pokolgép played before Metallica and Motörhead in the late 1980s. In 1987 Pokolgép released their second album, Pokoli színjáték. Pokoli színjáték was first played in concert, and released days after. In 1988-89, Pokolgép went on a European tour, playing in the two German states, the Netherlands and Belgium, and released their third album in 1989 (title: Éjszakai bevetés). They recorded a concert at the end of 1989 in Petőfi Hall, and then released as the fifth album in 1990 with the title "Koncertlemez". Before releasing the concert audio footage, they made their fourth album, "Metál az ész". This album was made in a rather bad atmosphere, as guitarist Nagyfi and vocalist Kalapács were about to quit the band. Lineup changes Nagyfi said in an interview that Kukovecz and he could not agree on the style of music to be played. Nagyfi preferred raw, more impulsive and speedy songs, while Kukovecz liked solos and melodies. This led to Nagyfi and Kalapács leaving to form Omen. The remaining three Pokolgép members, Tarcza, Pazdera and Kukovecz started to look for a new singer and second guitarist. Péter Kun briefly joined as guitarist before leaving to join Edda művek. The vocalist became József Rudán from Coda, a Led Zeppelin tribute band. Controversy On 27 December 1987 a fifteen-year-old man Lajos "Szőrme" Varga suffered a severe accident during the Metál Karácsony festival held in the Petőfi Csarnok event hall. A pyrotechnic device exploded and pieces of it hit Szőrme's head causing a traumatic injury. Szőrme's head almost collapsed into two pieces, as his corpus callosum was cut by the pyrotechnic device. He was in a coma for three months and nearly died several times but doctors were able to save his life. Pokolgép still deny their responsibility for this accident. Szőrme is not able to work or establish proper social contacts, but his mental capacity is still above average. Most consistent lineups 1985-90 József Kalapács, Gábor Kukovecz, László Nagyfi, György Pazdera, László Tarcza 2001-06 Joe Rudán, Gábor Kukovecz, Dávid Nagy, Csaba Pintér, Ede Szilágyi 2014- Attila Tóth, Gábor Kukovecz, Zalán Z. Kiss, Csaba Pintér, Márk Kleineisel Members Current lineup Attila Tóth − lead vocals (2010–present) Gábor Kukovecz − guitars (1982–present) Zalán Z. Kiss − guitars (2011–present) Csaba Pintér − bass guitar (1996–present) Márk Kleinesel − drums (2014–present) Past members Vocals László Németh (1982) József Kalapács (1982-1990) József Rudán (1990-2010) Guitars István Maza (1982-1983) József Révi (1983-1984) László Nagyfi (1984-1990) Péter Kun (1990) Norbert Jung (1991-1994) László Láris (1998-2000) Dávid Nagy (2001–2010) Bass Endre Paksi (1982-1983) György Pazdera (1983-1994) Drums Dezső Nógrádi (1982-1983) András Gyenizse (1983-1985) László Tarca (1985-1994) Ede Szilágyi (1996-2006) Csaba Czébely (2006–2010) Márton Veress (2011–2014) Discography Albums 1986: Totális Metál 1987: Pokoli színjáték 1989: Éjszakai bevetés 1990: Metál az ész 1990: Koncertlemez (live) 1991: Adj új erőt 1992: Vedd el, ami jár 1995: Az utolsó merénylet (live) 1996: A gép 2000: Csakazértis 2001: Ancient Fever (Csakazértis - English version) 2001: Live (live) 2002: Te sem vagy más 2002: Momentum (Végtelen úton) (re-recorded ballads) 2004: A túlélő 2006: Oblatio (re-recorded songs, acoustic) 2007: Pokoli mesék 2010: Újratöltve-Live Compilations 1995: Best of "Régi Gép" Singles 1983: Ki Mit Tud '83 (split single) 1984: Radio Recording Session '84 1985: A Sátán/A maszk (single) Guesting 2002: Somewhere in Hungary (A Tribute to Iron Maiden) (Joe performing The Number of the Beast) 2005: BálnaVadÁszok (A Tribute to Moby Dick) (Joe performing a duet with Kalapács and Moby Dick) Videos 1995: Az utolsó merénylet References External links Official website (in Hungarian) Encyclopaedia Metallum (in English) Hungarian heavy metal musical groups Musical groups established in 1980 Speed metal musical groups
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP4C gene. Interactions PPP4C has been shown to interact with: CCDC6, CCT2, CCT3, CCT4, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT7, IGBP1, PPP2R1A, PPP4R1, REL, SMEK2, T-complex 1, and TRAF6. References Further reading
In artificial intelligence (AI), commonsense reasoning is a human-like ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations humans encounter every day. These assumptions include judgments about the nature of physical objects, taxonomic properties, and peoples' intentions. A device that exhibits commonsense reasoning might be capable of drawing conclusions that are similar to humans' folk psychology (humans' innate ability to reason about people's behavior and intentions) and naive physics (humans' natural understanding of the physical world). Definitions and characterizations Some definitions and characterizations of common sense from different authors include: "Commonsense knowledge includes the basic facts about events (including actions) and their effects, facts about knowledge and how it is obtained, facts about beliefs and desires. It also includes the basic facts about material objects and their properties." "Commonsense knowledge differs from encyclopedic knowledge in that it deals with general knowledge rather than the details of specific entities." Commonsense knowledge is "real world knowledge that can provide a basis for additional knowledge to be gathered and interpreted automatically". The commonsense world consists of "time, space, physical interactions, people, and so on". Common sense is "all the knowledge about the world that we take for granted but rarely state out loud". Common sense is "broadly reusable background knowledge that's not specific to a particular subject area... knowledge that you ought to have." NYU professor Ernest Davis characterizes commonsense knowledge as "what a typical seven year old knows about the world", including physical objects, substances, plants, animals, and human society. It usually excludes book-learning, specialized knowledge, and knowledge of conventions; but it sometimes includes knowledge about those topics. For example, knowing how to play cards is specialized knowledge, not "commonsense knowledge"; but knowing that people play cards for fun does count as "commonsense knowledge". Commonsense reasoning problem Compared with humans, existing AI lacks several features of human commonsense reasoning; most notably, humans have powerful mechanisms for reasoning about "naïve physics" such as space, time, and physical interactions. This enables even young children to easily make inferences like "If I roll this pen off a table, it will fall on the floor". Humans also have a powerful mechanism of "folk psychology" that helps them to interpret natural-language sentences such as "The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they advocated violence". (A generic AI has difficulty discerning whether the ones alleged to be advocating violence are the councilmen or the demonstrators.) This lack of "common knowledge" means that AI often makes different mistakes than humans make, in ways that can seem incomprehensible. For example, existing self-driving cars cannot reason about the location nor the intentions of pedestrians in the exact way that humans do, and instead must use non-human modes of reasoning to avoid accidents. Overlapping subtopics of commonsense reasoning include quantities and measurements, time and space, physics, minds, society, plans and goals, and actions and change. Commonsense knowledge problem The commonsense knowledge problem is a current project in the sphere of artificial intelligence to create a database that contains the general knowledge most individuals are expected to have, represented in an accessible way to artificial intelligence programs that use natural language. Due to the broad scope of the commonsense knowledge, this issue is considered to be among the most difficult problems in AI research. In order for any task to be done as a human mind would manage it, the machine is required to appear as intelligent as a human being. Such tasks include object recognition, machine translation and text mining. To perform them, the machine has to be aware of the same concepts that an individual, who possess commonsense knowledge, recognizes. Commonsense in intelligent tasks In 1961, Bar Hillel first discussed the need and significance of practical knowledge for natural language processing in the context of machine translation. Some ambiguities are resolved by using simple and easy to acquire rules. Others require a broad acknowledgement of the surrounding world, thus they require more commonsense knowledge. For instance, when a machine is used to translate a text, problems of ambiguity arise, which could be easily resolved by attaining a concrete and true understanding of the context. Online translators often resolve ambiguities using analogous or similar words. For example, in translating the sentences "The electrician is working" and "The telephone is working" into German, the machine translates correctly "working" in the means of "laboring" in the first one and as "functioning properly" in the second one. The machine has seen and read in the body of texts that the German words for "laboring" and "electrician" are frequently used in a combination and are found close together. The same applies for "telephone" and "function properly". However, the statistical proxy which works in simple cases often fails in complex ones. Existing computer programs carry out simple language tasks by manipulating short phrases or separate words, but they don't attempt any deeper understanding and focus on short-term results. Computer vision Issues of this kind arise in computer vision. For instance when looking at a photograph of a bathroom some items that are small and only partly seen, such as facecloths and bottles, are recognizable due to the surrounding objects (toilet, wash basin, bathtub), which suggest the purpose of the room. In an isolated image they would be difficult to identify. Movies prove to be even more difficult tasks. Some movies contain scenes and moments that cannot be understood by simply matching memorized templates to images. For instance, to understand the context of the movie, the viewer is required to make inferences about characters’ intentions and make presumptions depending on their behavior. In the contemporary state of the art, it is impossible to build and manage a program that will perform such tasks as reasoning, i.e. predicting characters’ actions. The most that can be done is to identify basic actions and track characters. Robotic manipulation The need and importance of commonsense reasoning in autonomous robots that work in a real-life uncontrolled environment is evident. For instance, if a robot is programmed to perform the tasks of a waiter at a cocktail party, and it sees that the glass he had picked up is broken, the waiter-robot should not pour the liquid into the glass, but instead pick up another one. Such tasks seem obvious when an individual possesses simple commonsense reasoning, but to ensure that a robot will avoid such mistakes is challenging. Successes in automated commonsense reasoning Significant progress in the field of the automated commonsense reasoning is made in the areas of the taxonomic reasoning, actions and change reasoning, reasoning about time. Each of these spheres has a well-acknowledged theory for wide range of commonsense inferences. Taxonomic reasoning Taxonomy is the collection of individuals and categories and their relations. Three basic relations are: An individual is an instance of a category. For example, the individual Tweety is an instance of the category robin. One category is a subset of another. For instance robin is a subset of bird. Two categories are disjoint. For instance robin is disjoint from penguin. Transitivity is one type of inference in taxonomy. Since Tweety is an instance of robin and robin is a subset of bird, it follows that Tweety is an instance of bird. Inheritance is another type of inference. Since Tweety is an instance of robin, which is a subset of bird and bird is marked with property canfly, it follows that Tweety and robin have property canfly. When an individual taxonomizes more abstract categories, outlining and delimiting specific categories becomes more problematic. Simple taxonomic structures are frequently used in AI programs. For instance, WordNet is a resource including a taxonomy, whose elements are meanings of English words. Web mining systems used to collect commonsense knowledge from Web documents focus on taxonomic relations and specifically in gathering taxonomic relations. Action and change The theory of action, events and change is another range of the commonsense reasoning. There are established reasoning methods for domains that satisfy the constraints listed below: Events are atomic, meaning one event occurs at a time and the reasoner needs to consider the state and condition of the world at the start and at the finale of the specific event, but not during the states, while there is still an evidence of on-going changes (progress). Every single change is a result of some event Events are deterministic, meaning the world's state at the end of the event is defined by the world's state at the beginning and the specification of the event. There is a single actor and all events are their actions. The relevant state of the world at the beginning is either known or can be calculated. Temporal reasoning Temporal reasoning is the ability to make presumptions about humans' knowledge of times, durations and time intervals. For example, if an individual knows that Mozart was born after Haydn and died earlier than him, they can use their temporal reasoning knowledge to deduce that Mozart had died younger than Haydn. The inferences involved reduce themselves to solving systems of linear inequalities. To integrate that kind of reasoning with concrete purposes, such as natural language interpretation, is more challenging, because natural language expressions have context dependent interpretation. Simple tasks such as assigning timestamps to procedures cannot be done with total accuracy. Qualitative reasoning Qualitative reasoning is the form of commonsense reasoning analyzed with certain success. It is concerned with the direction of change in interrelated quantities. For instance, if the price of a stock goes up, the amount of stocks that are going to be sold will go down. If some ecosystem contains wolves and lambs and the number of wolves decreases, the death rate of the lambs will go down as well. This theory was firstly formulated by Johan de Kleer, who analyzed an object moving on a roller coaster. The theory of qualitative reasoning is applied in many spheres such as physics, biology, engineering, ecology, etc. It serves as the basis for many practical programs, analogical mapping, text understanding. Challenges in automating commonsense reasoning As of 2014, there are some commercial systems trying to make the use of commonsense reasoning significant. However, they use statistical information as a proxy for commonsense knowledge, where reasoning is absent. Current programs manipulate individual words, but they don't attempt or offer further understanding. According to Ernest Davis and Gary Marcus, five major obstacles interfere with the producing of a satisfactory "commonsense reasoner". First, some of the domains that are involved in commonsense reasoning are only partly understood. Individuals are far from a comprehensive understanding of domains as communication and knowledge, interpersonal interactions or physical processes. Second, situations that seem easily predicted or assumed about could have logical complexity, which humans’ commonsense knowledge does not cover. Some aspects of similar situations are studied and are well understood, but there are many relations that are unknown, even in principle and how they could be represented in a form that is usable by computers. Third, commonsense reasoning involves plausible reasoning. It requires coming to a reasonable conclusion given what is already known. Plausible reasoning has been studied for many years and there are a lot of theories developed that include probabilistic reasoning and non-monotonic logic. It takes different forms that include using unreliable data and rules, whose conclusions are not certain sometimes. Fourth, there are many domains, in which a small number of examples are extremely frequent, whereas there is a vast number of highly infrequent examples. Fifth, when formulating presumptions it is challenging to discern and determine the level of abstraction. Compared with humans, as of 2018 existing computer programs perform extremely poorly on modern "commonsense reasoning" benchmark tests such as the Winograd Schema Challenge. The problem of attaining human-level competency at "commonsense knowledge" tasks is considered to probably be "AI complete" (that is, solving it would require the ability to synthesize a human-level intelligence). Some researchers believe that supervised learning data is insufficient to produce an artificial general intelligence capable of commonsense reasoning, and have therefore turned to less-supervised learning techniques. Approaches and techniques Commonsense's reasoning study is divided into knowledge-based approaches and approaches that are based on machine learning over and using a large data corpora with limited interactions between these two types of approaches . There are also crowdsourcing approaches, attempting to construct a knowledge basis by linking the collective knowledge and the input of non-expert people. Knowledge-based approaches can be separated into approaches based on mathematical logic . In knowledge-based approaches, the experts are analyzing the characteristics of the inferences that are required to do reasoning in a specific area or for a certain task. The knowledge-based approaches consist of mathematically grounded approaches, informal knowledge-based approaches and large-scale approaches. The mathematically grounded approaches are purely theoretical and the result is a printed paper instead of a program. The work is limited to the range of the domains and the reasoning techniques that are being reflected on. In informal knowledge-based approaches, theories of reasoning are based on anecdotal data and intuition that are results from empirical behavioral psychology. Informal approaches are common in computer programming. Two other popular techniques for extracting commonsense knowledge from Web documents involve Web mining and Crowd sourcing. COMET (2019), which uses both the OpenAI GPT language model architecture and existing commonsense knowledge bases such as ConceptNet, claims to generate commonsense inferences at a level approaching human benchmarks. Like many other current efforts, COMET over-relies on surface language patterns and is judged to lack deep human-level understanding of many commonsense concepts. Other language-model approaches include training on visual scenes rather than just text, and training on textual descriptions of scenarios involving commonsense physics. References edX, (2014). Artificial Intelligence. [online] Available at: https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-uc-berkeleyx-cs188-1x [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015]. Encyclopedia.com, (2015). "commonsense knowledge." A Dictionary of Sociology \| Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary. [online] Available at: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-commonsenseknowledge.html [Accessed 13 Aug. 2017]. Hageback, Niklas. (2017). The Virtual Mind: Designing the Logic to Approximate Human Thinking (Chapman & Hall/CRC Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Series) 1st Edition. . Intelligence, A. (2015). Artificial Intelligence. [online] Elsevier. Available at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/artificial-intelligence/ [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015]. Leaderu.com, (2015). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS COMMON SENSE KNOWLEDGE. [online] Available at: http://www.leaderu.com/truth/2truth07.html [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015]. Lenat, D., Prakash, M. and Shepherd, M. (1985). CYC: Using Common Sense Knowledge to Overcome Brittleness and Knowledge Acquisition Bottlenecks. AI Magazine, 6(4), p. 65. Levesque, H. (2017). Common Sense, the Turing Test, and the Quest for Real AI. MIT Press. Psych.utoronto.ca, (2015). Artificial Intelligence \| The Common Sense Knowledge Problem. [online] Available at: http://psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/ai/commonsense.html [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015]. . the Guardian, (2015). Artificial intelligence (AI) \| Technology \| The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/artificialintelligenceai [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015]. Udacity.com, (2015). Intro to Artificial Intelligence Course and Training Online. [online] Available at: https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-artificial-intelligence--cs271 W3.org, (2015). Computers with Common Sense. [online] Available at: http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/Sense/ [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015]. External links Commonsense Reasoning Web Site Commonsense Reasoning Problem Page Media Lab Commonsense Computing Initiative The Epilog project at the University of Rochester Knowledge Infusion: In Pursuit of Robustness in Artificial Intelligence Reasoning Automated reasoning
Line-in recording is a term often used by manufacturers of sound equipment to refer to the capability of a device to record line level audio feeds. Microphone and instrument inputs, by contrast, are designed for devices which require further amplification to be at line-level. The common 3.5 mm line-in connector has the left channel on the tip and right channel in the middle. The port is used to connect with other devices. Line-in is most commonly used for instruments. References Audio engineering
Colmar - Houssen Airport () is an airport in Houssen, north of Colmar, both communes in the Haut-Rhin department of the Alsace region in France. The airport is along Autoroute A35 and is served by the Colmar Station. Facilities The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 01/19 which measures and a parallel grass runway measuring . Statistics References External links A History of Colmar Airport Colmar Airport Colmar Airport Airports in Grand Est Haut-Rhin Colmar
Przemysław Bereszyński (born 11 January 1969) is a Polish former professional football player and current coach. His son Bartosz is also a professional footballer. Starting with his hometown club Lech Poznań, he won 3 championship titles in 1990, 1992 and 1993 and 2 Supercups in 1990 and 1992. Receiving his UEFA A Licence, he coached the Lech Poznań youth teams, and was the manager of the Warta Poznań reserve team; currently he coaches their youth. References 1969 births Living people Footballers from Poznań Polish men's footballers Men's association football defenders Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski players Lech Poznań players Ekstraklasa players
Zygmunt Łoziński (5 June 1870 – 26 March 1932) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop who served as the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev that later was aggregated to the Diocese of Pinsk. Soviet authorities arrested him on two occasions during his episcopate. The title of Venerable was conferred upon him on 2 April 1993 after Pope John Paul II acknowledged his heroic virtue. Life Zygmunt Łoziński was born on 5 June 1870 in a village of Baratin in the Novogrudsky Uyezd of the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Karelichy District, Belarus. He studied in Warsaw and in Saint Petersburg where graduated from the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy before he started his studies for the priesthood; he was ordained to the priesthood on 23 June 1895. Russian authorities sentenced him on 17 November 1898 to three years of seclusion in a convent in Latvia. Łoziński became the vicar of Smolensk in 1901 as well as being reassigned to Tula in 1902 and Riga in 1904. Łoziński became the rector of the Minsk Cathedral in 1905. In 1906 he returned to Saint Petersburg where he taught Hebrew and biblical studies. He accompanied the Bishop of Mogilev to visit the parishes of the Russian Empire from 1909 until 1911. In 1912 he started to commence further education in the German Empire and in Rome. Pope Benedict XV appointed him as the Bishop of Minsk on 2 November 1917 and as such he received his episcopal consecration on 28 July 1918 in Warsaw from Cardinal Aleksander Kakowski - the co-consecrators were Stanisław Kazimierz and Blessed Antoni Julian Nowowiejski. Soviet authorities arrested him on 1 August 1920 on the charges of "counter-revolution" but the pressure of local Christians saw him released on the following 11 August. He was arrested again on 4 September 1920 while the Polish government secured his release eleven months later in 1921 from Butyrka Prison; he weighed 95 pounds upon his release. Pope Pius XI appointed him on 28 October 1925 as the Bishop of Pińsk after his previous diocese was aggregated to the latter. He filed a total of 755 lawsuits as part of the recovery of Orthodox Churches in Poland. In 1929 he invited the Blessed Martyrs of Nowogródek of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth to Navahrudak in 1929. Łoziński was awarded with both the Order of the White Eagle (Poland) and the Cross of Valour (Poland). Łoziński died on 26 March 1932 - Holy Saturday - and was buried in the cathedral of his diocese. Beatification process The beatification process commenced on two fronts in both Pinsk and Vatican. The informative process opened in 1957 and concluded its business of collating testimonies and documentation in 1962. This occurred despite the fact that the title of Servant of God - the first official stage in the process - was not conferred to him until 4 December 1980 after which point an apostolic process was held. After this the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the previous processes. The C.C.S. received the Positio in 1990 at which point theologians approved the cause on 10 December 1992 while the C.C.S. also approved it on 9 March 1993. He was declared to be Venerable on 2 April 1993 after Pope John Paul II approved that the late bishop lived a life of heroic virtue. References External links Hagiography Circle Catholic Hierarchy 1870 births 1932 deaths People from Karelichy District People from Novogrudsky Uyezd 19th-century venerated Christians 19th-century Belarusian people 20th-century venerated Christians 20th-century Belarusian people Polish bishops Belarusian Roman Catholic bishops Prisoners and detainees of the Soviet Union Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
```objective-c path_to_url Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. #pragma once #include <memory> #include <string> #include <typeindex> #include <typeinfo> #include <vector> #include "paddle/common/macros.h" #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_desc.h" #include "paddle/fluid/framework/var_desc.h" #include "paddle/utils/any.h" #include "paddle/utils/test_macros.h" namespace paddle { namespace framework { class OpDesc; class VarDesc; } // namespace framework } // namespace paddle namespace paddle { namespace framework { namespace ir { // Node should only created by Graph::CreateXXXNode(). // 1. Every Node should be part of a graph. No dangling Node exists. // 2. Node only contains members necessary for building graph structure. // It doesn't contain other unrelated members, such as device, etc. // // Sometimes, for specific usages, Node needs to have additional members, // such as device_placement, version in order to be executed. It is suggested // to use composition pattern. // // class RunnableOp { // RunnableOp(ir::Node* n) : n_(n) { n_.WrappedBy(this); } // // int any_thing_; // } // // RunnableOp is owned by the ir::Node that composes it. In other words. // ir::Node will be responsible for deleting RunnableOp, say, when ir::Node // is deleted from the graph. class Node { public: virtual ~Node() { if (!wrapper_.empty()) { VLOG(10) << "ir::Node deleting a wrapper node " << Name(); wrapper_deleter_(); } } enum class Type { kOperation, kVariable }; enum class Dep { kSame = 0, kBefore = 1, kAfter = 2, kNoDep = 3 }; // msvc not support constexpr correctly. // static constexpr member implies inline since CXX17 and may cause multiple // definition. #if !defined(_WIN32) && (__cplusplus < 201703L) static constexpr char kControlDepVarName[] = "__control_var"; #else static const char kControlDepVarName[]; #endif Type NodeType() const { return type_; } std::string Name() const { return name_; } VarDesc* Var() const { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(IsVar(), true, common::errors::InvalidArgument( "Node(%s) must be kVariable type, but not %d.", name_, static_cast<int>(type_))); return var_desc_.get(); } OpDesc* Op() const { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(IsOp(), true, common::errors::InvalidArgument( "Node(%s) must be kOperation type, but not %d.", name_, static_cast<int>(type_))); return op_desc_.get(); } // Set the `wrapper` that wraps the Node. `wrapper` is owned by Node. template <typename T> void WrappedBy(T* wrapper) { if (!wrapper_.empty()) { wrapper_deleter_(); } wrapper_ = wrapper; wrapper_deleter_ = [wrapper]() { delete wrapper; }; wrapper_type_ = std::type_index(typeid(T)); } // Return a reference to the `wrapper`. template <typename T> T& Wrapper() { try { return paddle::any_cast<T>(wrapper_); } catch (paddle::bad_any_cast&) { PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument( "Invalid wrapper type error, expected %s, actual %s.", typeid(T).name(), wrapper_type_.name())); } } // Test if the Node is wrapped by type T. template <typename T> bool IsWrappedBy() const { return std::type_index(typeid(T)) == wrapper_type_; } // Please don't use this API! int id() const { return id_; } // Only use this for auto parallel. // A node does not have original desc if the return is zero. uint64_t OriginalDescId() const { return original_desc_id_; } int GraphId() const { return graph_id_; } bool IsOp() const { return type_ == Type::kOperation; } bool IsVar() const { return type_ == Type::kVariable; } bool IsCtrlVar() const { return type_ == Type::kVariable && Name().find(ir::Node::kControlDepVarName) != std::string::npos; } void RenameVar(const std::string& new_name) { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ( type_ == Type::kVariable && var_desc_, true, common::errors::InvalidArgument("Node must be type of variable.")); name_ = new_name; var_desc_->SetName(new_name); } void RenameOp(const std::string& new_name) { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ( type_ == Type::kOperation && op_desc_, true, common::errors::InvalidArgument("Node must be type of variable.")); name_ = new_name; op_desc_->SetType(new_name); } int DescOrder() const { return desc_order_; } int GetVarNodeBlockId() const { PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ( type_ == Type::kVariable && var_desc_, true, common::errors::InvalidArgument("Node must be type of variable.")); return block_id_; } const std::string ToString() const { if (IsOp()) { std::string op_str(Name()); const auto& op = Op(); if (op == nullptr) { // Node is an Op but hasn't OpDesc (often create by CreateEmptyNode), // like ScaleLossGradOp, it's type is OpHandle, which created by Pass // and then inserted into graph. // For OpHandle, we have to use Node's input and output for sorting. std::vector<Node> sorted_inputs(inputs); std::vector<Node> sorted_outputs(outputs); auto comparator = [](Node* a, Node* b) { return a->Name() > b->Name(); }; std::stable_sort( sorted_inputs.begin(), sorted_inputs.end(), comparator); std::stable_sort( sorted_outputs.begin(), sorted_outputs.end(), comparator); std::string out_str = "{"; std::string pre_str = ""; for (const auto& output : sorted_outputs) { out_str.append(pre_str + output->Name()); pre_str = ", "; } out_str.append("} = "); std::string in_str = "("; pre_str = ""; for (const auto& input : sorted_inputs) { in_str.append(pre_str + input->Name()); pre_str = ", "; } in_str.append(")"); op_str = out_str + op_str + in_str; } else { // A normal Op, has OpDesc, create from ProgramDesc std::string out_str = "{"; std::string outer_pre_str = ""; for (const auto& output : op->OutputNames()) { out_str.append(outer_pre_str + output + "=["); std::string inner_pre_str = ""; for (const auto& arg : op->Output(output)) { out_str.append(inner_pre_str + arg); inner_pre_str = " ,"; } outer_pre_str = ", "; out_str.append("]"); } out_str.append("} = "); std::string in_str = "("; outer_pre_str = ""; for (const auto& input : op->InputNames()) { in_str.append(outer_pre_str + input + "=["); std::string inner_pre_str = ""; for (const auto& arg : op->Input(input)) { in_str.append(inner_pre_str + arg); inner_pre_str = " ,"; } outer_pre_str = " ,"; in_str.append("]"); } in_str.append(")"); op_str = out_str + op_str + in_str; } return op_str; } return Name(); } std::vector<Node> inputs; std::vector<Node> outputs; // Because NO_DESC_ORDER is a constexpr number, // no one can change it, meanwhile, we need // check whether the DescOrder invalid sometime, // so expose it is a good idea static constexpr int NO_DESC_ORDER = INT_MAX; // Set whether the node is an edge of the subgraph. void SetSubgraphOutput() { subgraph_output_ = true; } void SetSubgraphInput() { subgraph_input_ = true; } // Get whether the node is an edge of the subgraph. bool IsSubgraphOutput() { return subgraph_output_; } bool IsSubgraphInput() { return subgraph_input_; } protected: std::string name_; std::unique_ptr<VarDesc> var_desc_; std::unique_ptr<OpDesc> op_desc_; Type type_; int id_; int desc_order_; int block_id_{-1}; // Store the original id of var desc or op desc. // Only use this for auto parallel. uint64_t original_desc_id_{0}; int graph_id_{-1}; // Is it the edge of the subgraph. bool subgraph_output_ = false; bool subgraph_input_ = false; private: // ID can only set by a Graph. void SetId(int id) { id_ = id; } void SetGraphId(int graph_id) { graph_id_ = graph_id; } // desc_order can only set by a Graph when constructing a Graph from a // BlockDesc. void SetDescOrder(int desc_order) { desc_order_ = desc_order; } friend class Graph; explicit Node(const std::string& name, Type type, int block_id = 0) : name_(name), var_desc_(nullptr), op_desc_(nullptr), type_(type), desc_order_(NO_DESC_ORDER), block_id_(block_id) {} explicit Node(VarDesc* var_desc, int block_id) : name_(var_desc->Name()), var_desc_(new VarDesc(var_desc)), op_desc_(nullptr), type_(Type::kVariable), desc_order_(NO_DESC_ORDER), block_id_(block_id), original_desc_id_(var_desc->OriginalId()) {} explicit Node(OpDesc op_desc) : name_(op_desc->Type()), var_desc_(nullptr), op_desc_(new OpDesc(op_desc, op_desc->Block())), type_(Type::kOperation), desc_order_(NO_DESC_ORDER), original_desc_id_(op_desc->OriginalId()) {} Node() = delete; paddle::any wrapper_; std::function<void(void)> wrapper_deleter_; std::type_index wrapper_type_ = std::type_index(typeid(void)); DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Node); TEST_API friend std::unique_ptr<Node> CreateNodeForTest( const std::string& name, Node::Type type); TEST_API friend std::unique_ptr<Node> CreateNodeForTest(VarDesc var_desc); TEST_API friend std::unique_ptr<Node> CreateNodeForTest(OpDesc* op_desc); }; std::unique_ptr<Node> CreateNodeForTest(const std::string& name, Node::Type type); std::unique_ptr<Node> CreateNodeForTest(VarDesc* var_desc); std::unique_ptr<Node> CreateNodeForTest(OpDesc* op_desc); } // namespace ir } // namespace framework } // namespace paddle ```
is a Japanese action role-playing game, developed by Mistwalker and AQ Interactive for the Wii video game console. Nintendo published the title in all regions except for North America, where it was published by Xseed Games. Initially released in Japan in 2011, the game was released in western territories through 2012. The Last Story takes place upon the island fortress of Lazulis, in a world that is slowly being drained of life by an unknown force. The story focuses on a group of mercenaries looking for work on Lazulis; one of their number, Zael, dreams of becoming a knight. After receiving the mystical "Mark of the Outsider", Zael becomes involved with a noblewoman named Calista in an ongoing war between humans and the beast-like Gurak. During gameplay, the player controls Zael as he and the mercenary group to which he belongs undertake missions on Lazulis. Zael can command the rest of the mercenary squad during missions, and fights in battles that involve action, tactical and stealth elements. Multiple online multiplayer modes were also present. The game was directed and co-written by Hironobu Sakaguchi, the original creator of Final Fantasy, who had the initial idea for the title after seeing the mixed responses to Blue Dragon and Lost Odyssey. Together with designer Takuya Matsumoto, Sakaguchi decided to make a game that would be different from his previous work and most other role-playing games. Development took between three and four years according to different sources. Its story was originally based in science fiction, but at Nintendo's insistence it was changed to be primarily based around fantasy. Among the staff were regular Final Fantasy composer Nobuo Uematsu, and illustrator Kimihiko Fujisaka. It was originally going to be exclusive to Japan, and later its North American release was in doubt after being announced for release in Europe and Australia. During this time, a fan campaign called Operation Rainfall drew considerable attention to the title. The title was a commercial success, and received generally positive reviews worldwide: while the gameplay generally met with praise, opinions varied on the story and graphics. Gameplay The Last Story is an action role-playing game (ARPG) incorporating elements of tactical and stealth gameplay. The player controls main protagonist Zael for the majority of the game. Zael is primarily controlled using the Wii Remote from a fixed third-person view. The game can be controlled using the Wii Remote and Nunchuk, or the Classic Controller, but does not utilize motion controls. The game's main hub is a public house on Lazulis Island, which also houses a save point for players. Lazulis City is the main setting for most of the game, which provides the player with access to side quests, shops, and areas to collect items when not engaged in the main story. In addition to environments within missions such as ruins and forests where enemies are encountered and fought, there is an arena where the player can improve the party and their combat abilities. If the party is victorious, the party can pick up money and items from non-playable characters betting on the fight. In battle, the player controls Zael alone, with the rest of the party being controlled by the game's artificial intelligence (AI) and directed by player commands. Parties are composed of up to six characters, each with five "lives", with them automatically reviving after a certain time if Zael cannot revive them manually. The attack directions of both party characters and enemies are represented by lines connecting the different characters. Combat plays out in real-time, with attacks either happening automatically when a character is within range or manually. Actions such as dodging and movement are done manually. Blocking and actions such as vaulting over low obstacles are performed by holding the B button. Zael can also move to take cover behind objects, which allows them to break an enemy's line of sight on them or creep along walls. During combat, a character's Tension gauge will fill, enabling the performance of special moves: these can vary from dealing damage to enemies across a wide area to reviving unconscious allies. A skill unique to Zael is Gathering: when activated, all enemies within an area will focus their attention on him, allowing other team members to act without interruption. As the game progresses, Zael can issue commands to the other team members, with the perspective switching to a top-down view for this action. In addition to standard combat, players can switch to a behind-the-shoulder perspective for manually firing Zael's crossbow, which can launch a variety of ammunition at enemies and objects. Enemies in Zael's sights will have their weaknesses and abilities revealed. In battle, destructible objects in the environment can be used by the party to defeat enemies; these objects regenerate after a time rather than remaining destroyed. Magic cast by certain characters with that ability leave the casting area temporarily imbued with a spell's elemental properties creating a magic circle. These circles can cause elemental damage or effects to enemies within the area, or they can imbue the weapons of characters who walk into the circle with said element. Eventually, Zael will learn the ability to "diffuse" magic circles which will spread the spell's effect which varies depending on the element. In addition to the single-player campaign, players could access to online multiplayer through the game's main menu. The multiplayer featured two modes: a competitive mode where players could face each other in various stages, and a co-op mode where a team of players could face bosses from the single-player campaign. For the competitive match, the player had to choose from multiple allied and enemy characters, and all boons granted by equipment or experience levels were removed to level the playing field. Teams of up to six players could be formed for team matches. Players could gain or lose points when they defeated or were defeated by an opponent, and defeated enemies respawned in the battlefield. When all opponents have been defeated, all players were awarded with items and equipment that carried over into the single-player campaign: those who performed the best received higher-quality equipment and "titles" to distinguish them from other players. The co-op battles allowed players to carry over their equipment and character levels from single-player, with the available characters being restricted to Zael's mercenary group. Defeating a boss earned players items themed around it. In both modes, players could communicate using a stock of scripted responses both taken from the single-player campaign and specially created for multiplayer. Synopsis The Last Story is set on Lazulis Island, a vast seaborne fortress ruled by Count Arganan and allied to an unnamed human empire in the midst of crisis as the land decays and dies. Dagran, a mercenary, travels to Lazulis in search of employment with the mercenary band he leads: Zael, Syrenne, Yurick, Lowell and Mirania. During the journey, Zael, who dreams of becoming a knight, encounters a mysterious force and is branded on the hand, granting him magical power. While on an errand in town, Zael runs into a woman named Lisa and helps her escape from city guards. Employed as guards to Count Arganan for the wedding of his niece, Lady Calista, to Lord Jirall, Zael encounters Calista and recognizes her as "Lisa". The group also meet General Asthar and his protegee Therius when Syrenne picks a fight with Therius. After Calista explains to Zael in private that hers is an arranged marriage, Lazulis is attacked by the Gurak, a race once banished from Lazulis by humans and now united under their ruler Zangurak. To avoid being killed by the ensuing cannon fire, Zael, Dagran, and Calista stow away on a Gurak ship and eventually take it over. The group are returned to Lazulis by the island's knights. On Lazulis, the mercenaries are accused of aiding the Gurak by the knight Jirall, who is trying to cover up his cowardly behavior during the attack by having anyone who witnessed it imprisoned. Dagran persuades Arganan to release them after showing him Zael's mark, which is revealed to be a mystical "Mark of the Outsider" given to one destined to save Lazulis. Arganan attempts to get Zael onto his side, offering him knighthood and Calista's hand in marriage. Zael swears allegiance to Arganan, who orders Zael to direct Lazulis towards the Gurak lands. During this time, Asthar accepts Zael as a new pupil and gives him a medal following a successful sparring. Shortly after this, Gurak assassins kill Asthar, who tells Zael the medal is a key before dying. Zael is accused of Asthar's murder by Jirall and imprisoned, but Calista frees him. Dagran suggests Jirall is the real killer, and prompts Zael to search Jirall's room, where he finds the murder weapon and a letter revealing dealings with the Gurak. Jirall is imprisoned, though Dagran admits that the evidence was false despite Jirall's guilt. Lazulis arrives in Gurak lands and takes their keep with minimal resistance. Zael learns there that the Gurak are suffering the same degradation of the land as humans are, which motivated their invasion. Seeing the cruelty of Lazulis's soldiers to Gurak civilians, Zael questions his allegiance to Lazulis. While being comforted by Calista, Zael's brand reacts with Calista's blood and Asthar's medal to reveal a secret location on Lazulis. Joined by Therius, they find a Sorceress's ghost who reveals that the "Outsider" is an extraterrestrial being. At the bidding of her lover, Arganan's ancestor, she summoned the Outsider to the planet in an attempt to end conflict. After realizing that it was draining energy from the land, they split it into two halves in order to slow the land's death. If the two halves, now respectively controlled by humans and the Gurak, are reunited and released, the land's decay will halt and the war will end. Realizing Arganan's complicity, Zael refuses his knighthood and sets out with Calista to destroy Lazulis' cannon, which is powered by Lazulis' half of the Outsider. When the Gurak attack Lazulis, they are forced to instead help Arganan use the cannon to drive off the attack. The cannon proves insufficient, and Arganan is killed by the Outsider's power. Zael and the mercenaries aid the people while Therius holds off the attacking Gurak. Zael then heads out with Calista and the mercenaries to retrieve Zangurak's half of the Outsider. Zael defeats Jirall, and then Zangurak; during the latter battle, Lowell suffers fatal injuries. The group then find Dagran with the Outsider, claiming he used the mercenaries in his own quest for revenge against the Lazulis knights who killed his family. After absorbing the Outsider's power, Dagran is defeated; he reconciles with the group before dying, then his spirit uses the Outsider's energy to resurrect Lowell. Zael and Calista reunite the two halves of the Outsider, which leaves the planet. Through Zael and Calista's efforts, humans and Gurak manage to begin coexisting, sharing their technology and using Lazulis as a neutral land. In the epilogue, Therius decides to train new knights in the empire while leaving Lazulis in Zael's care; Zael and Calista are married in her ancient family home; the mercenaries hold a wake for Dagran; and Zael is finally made a knight by Calista. Development The initial concepts for The Last Story came to Hironobu Sakaguchi after his departure from Square (now Square Enix) in 2003. After a period working on games at his new studio Mistwalker, Sakaguchi realized that his style of game were not in tune with current gaming trends. Later, he elaborated that The Last Story was primarily born from reflecting on the design mistakes he made during the development of Blue Dragon (2006) and Lost Odyssey (2007): while they tried to innovate with the story, they kept the gameplay very traditional. Sakaguchi drew up a design document for the game, and around that time met up with Takuya Matsumoto, a designer from AQ Interactive who had worked with Sakaguchi on Blue Dragon. They both realized that they held the same views on what was holding their games back in the current market, and decided to collaborate on the game with the goal of creating something new. In an interview with IGN, Sakaguchi said that development took three years: the first year was devoted to a trial-and-error development process devoted to the battle system. A longer development time of four years was reported by Matsumoto in a different interview with Gamasutra. According to Matsumoto, the team leads went to the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) each year and were assured that their game was in-step with current gameplay trends. Production of The Last Story was a collaboration between Mistwalker, AQ Interactive and Nintendo, and was Sakaguchi's first work as a director since Final Fantasy V (1992). The game was going through its final development stages by April 2010, and according to Sakaguchi was "complete" by December that year. Although Sakaguchi's previous RPGs from Mistwalker had been released for the Xbox 360, The Last Story was created for the Wii. According to Sakaguchi, this was because Nintendo's Shinji Hatano shared their vision of a role-playing game that did not follow genre conversions, and so Sakaguchi accepted his offer of collaboration. After being contacted regarding both The Last Story and fellow Wii ARPG Xenoblade Chronicles, Hatano said that the games should be made for a wide audience and using a "romanticist approach". When explaining why The Last Story was exclusive to the Wii, Sakaguchi said that it was because a large proportion of the late development staff, including the testers, came from Nintendo. In a later interview, he said that working with the Wii, which did not use high-definition graphics, presented challenges as some of his ideas could not be implemented due to technical restrictions. Despite this, the team aimed to create a game that would look good when compared to games on high-definition consoles. Matsumoto stated that Nintendo had a strong influence on the game, which did not always sit well with him despite their suggestions ultimately improving the game. He also said that Nintendo's creative and development aid in fine-tuning the game was the reason for its extended development. The basic story was conceived by Sakaguchi and Matsumoto, while the script was written by Sakaguchi, Masaru Hatano and Takatoshi Aoki. The story was contributed to by multiple staff members, which sometimes annoyed Sakaguchi when they suggested something that would be out of character for one of the cast. According to Sakaguchi, the initial version featuring a science fiction storyline was "shot down" by Nintendo, forcing the team to begin all over again with a new setting and characters. Despite the story still using science fiction elements, the team worked to distance the setting from those elements by focusing on bright, natural colors for the environments. The biographies of the main cast were put together during the story's creation. Originally, according to Hatano, the game's theme was to have been the "all-important drama that takes place between a man and a woman", but as development progressed it was changed to a theme of general companionship, although the original story remained the same. Hatano suggested incorporating dialogue into the gameplay rather than restricting it to cutscenes. This approach was inspired by both Uncharted and television series The West Wing. The concept was initially put forward as a joke about Zael's habit of kicking doors open, and how his companions would comment on how he always did this. After receiving positive feedback, they implemented it and kept in Zael's behavior. Sakaguchi used this in-game dialogue to help convey the characters' personalities: as part of this, adlibs from the actors were included, and continual adjustments were made to the script. The characters' artwork also prompted Sakaguchi to make changes so the characters better fitted their presentation. The game's voiced dialogue was estimated at 12,000 lines. The option for players to skip through dialogue was a feature that Sakaguchi did not like, but he knew that some players would not like necessary long cutscenes, so gave them the option of going through them while still following the story. This meant that all the cutscenes needed to be done using the in-game engine rather than pre-rendered graphics. The characters were designed by Kimihiko Fujisaka. Fujisaka, who was acquainted with Sakaguchi, was brought on board the project at the beginning. At that point, only a simple plot outline had been created, and Sakaguchi showed this to Fujisaka and asked what he visualized from it. Due to this, Fujisaka had a lot of leeway in his designs. Due to Sakaguchi living in Hawaii while the game was being developed, Fujisaka was initially nervous about working with him on the project, but ultimately he found their working relationship to be a positive one. An aspect that worried Fujisaka during the early stages was the decision to have the characters able to change their clothing: their original appearances had been designed in relation to their lines, and while designing extra outfits proved difficult, he ultimately enjoyed the experience. Fujisaka also worked as a world designer, initially feeling restricted by the console's limited graphics. Fujisaka said that the city hub began taking shape in 2009, relatively early in development. The world design he initially created was fairly bleak, but after Nintendo insisted on the scenario being changed, he redesigned it around a brighter fantasy aesthetic. Developing the gameplay began at the start of development, with a test environment being built to develop and refine the basics of the battle system. Work within the test build spanned approximately one and a half years. While creating the battle system, the staff decided that the key words should be "order" and "chaos": whoever gained order on the battlefield would be the victor. One of the concepts that emerged from this was Gathering, Zael's ability to direct all enemies' attention towards him. At first, Gathering ended up generating an unwanted amount of chaos on the battlefield, and this resulted in the trial-and-error period for it running on for a long time. The biggest challenge, once the concept had been finalized, was adjusting its effectiveness on the battlefield depending on the situation and enemy types. A concept that did not make it into the final game was "Replay": after an enemy successfully cast a spell, players could rewatch the last few seconds of battle from an overhead view to see what type it was and take that into their strategy. This slowed the pace of combat down too much, so the concept was entirely removed. Hangovers of it include the ability to freeze time during certain actions, and the overhead perspective when commanding party members. The cover system was designed around the limitations of the camera control born from the Wii Remote's control scheme. Matsumoto was responsible for the level design. While preparing destructible elements within the environment, the staff took care that they could be easily recognized by the player. So as to create a more direct experience than other Japanese RPGs, the camera view was deliberately restricted around Zael, so the player would be kept within his point of view. A difficult part of development was balancing story and gameplay, which sometimes caused clashes between Sakaguchi and Matsumoto, as Matsumoto would upset the balance and necessitate Sakaguchi re-balancing it. The battle system and AI was refined by what Matsumoto described as "chaotic battles royal between over 20 people wielding swords, magic and guns or ally command systems". The ability to fire projectiles had a big impact on the battle system's design. This concept was a hangover from the game's origins as a science fiction story. For the multiplayer, Sakaguchi avoided the potential for players to be rude to one-another by restricting their dialogue to segments from the single-player campaign. This was possible given the large amount of ambient dialogue in the game. The game's music was composed by Nobuo Uematsu, a long-time collaborator with Sakaguchi who had worked on the Final Fantasy series, Blue Dragon and Lost Odyssey. Uematsu initially had a rough time: the first three pieces of music he sent were rejected, and then Uematsu did not respond for some time. Sakaguchi worried that Uematsu might quit the project altogether. In fact, Uematsu realized Sakaguchi's wishes for the title and had to rethink his approach entirely. With the second submission, Uematsu stated that he might leave if his music still did not fit, but it did and he remained as composer. In contrast to the majority of his earlier works, which made heavy use of purely melodic pieces and "jogging music", Uematsu concentrated on a mixture between video game and film music to emphasize emotion and ambient sounds. He also worked to avoid creating signature jingles and fanfares. The most difficult pieces for him were battle tracks: the main battle theme was seven minutes long, but broken into small pieces that varied depending on situations and could be cued in depending on what was happening on the battlefield. The game's theme song, , was composed by Uematsu with lyrics by Sakaguchi. Its lyrics are about the world someone is in not being where they are meant to be, with the phrase "going home" being used progressively through the song. According to Sakaguchi, the theme was quite personal for him, and also displays the "foreignness" of the game. Release Sakaguchi revealed that he was working on a new game in July 2009. Initially targeted for a revealing that year, this was delayed for unknown reasons into 2010. The game was announced by Nintendo in January 2010, alongside its platform and logo. It was released on January 27, 2011. Despite prompting interest from genre fans in the west since its official announcement, shortly before its Japanese release, Nintendo announced that The Last Story would remain exclusive to Japan. Nintendo explained that the effort involved in bringing The Last Story overseas would be too much work on top of other important releases such as Kirby's Epic Yarn and titles for the Nintendo 3DS. Despite this, Nintendo stated that there was a strong possibility of it releasing in the United Kingdom due to its growing RPG market. The game was officially announced for Europe in June 2011. The European localization was handled by Nintendo of Europe, using the same team that had done Xenoblade Chronicles. British voice actors were used for the dubbing, making use of various accents for the different characters. Some of the original programmers helped with the implementation of the localization, and it underwent unspecified adjustments. The game was released in Europe on February 24, 2012. It received a limited edition, featuring a CD with seven music tracks and an artbook. It was also released in Australia on February 23. After a continued lack of confirmation of a North American release, including it not being included in Nintendo's 2011 release schedule, a fan-based movement called Operation Rainfall started a campaign to raise awareness for The Last Story, Xenoblade Chronicles, and another Wii RPG titled Pandora's Tower. This campaign included letter writing to Nintendo and petitions for its overseas release. Despite acknowledging the effort, Nintendo stated that there were no plans for a North American release. Matsumoto was severely disappointed by this decision and thought The Last Story would never make it to North America. At this point, Xseed Games, who had developed a reputation for publishing niche Japanese games, took an interest in publishing the title. Initially approaching Nintendo in 2011, Nintendo confirmed that they had no plans to publish the title themselves. After playing through a Japanese copy of the game, the staff were favorably impressed and decided to pitch to Nintendo for the game's North American publishing rights. They were helped by the connections between parent company AQ Interactive and Mistwalker. Xseed Games was the first publisher to ask Nintendo about The Last Story, and after being favorably impressed by their proposal, Nintendo granted Xseed Games publishing rights. While a new localization for North America was considered, it was decided to use Nintendo of Europe's localization as it better fitted the game's atmosphere and aesthetic. It was officially released in North America on August 14, but problems with stock caused Amazon and GameStop to put orders on hold and push their release dates forward. Reception Critical response The game's story received generally positive reactions from critics, although some criticized it for a lack of originality in the RPG genre. While they did not comment much on the story, Famitsu called The Last Story "very classical RPG". Eurogamer's Martin Robinson found the characters the most appealing part of the game, an opinion shared by Francesco Dagostino of 1UP.com, who particularly cited Syrenne's portrayal. GameSpots Mark Walton shared this opinion while also praising the story's epic scale. IGNs Keza MacDonald said that it presented a good story and characters within familiar themes and settings. Edge Magazine found the story fairly traditional despite a strong cast and emotional power, while Matthew Castle of Computer and Video Games praised the effort made to flesh out the party members in side-missions despite referring to the main narrative as "tedious". GameTrailers, while noting the familiar plotlines the game explored, said that The Last Story handled its plot better than others of its kind, praising its character development. Game Informers Joe Juba was fairly critical, finding the story overly predictable and the characters shallow. Jason Wishnov of G4 was also critical of the characters and plot, calling the former "one-note" despite convincing camaraderie and well-written in-game dialogue, and the latter impeded by problems with formulaic writing despite some late-game twists. Simon Parkin, writing for Official Nintendo Magazine, found the characters likable despite a predictable story; Nintendo Power shared points of praise with other reviewers, in addition to praising Zael and Calista's romance, saying that it held the game together during some mid-game stumbles. RPGamers Alex Fuller said that the story was great despite it using well-worn cliches. Multiple critics gave high praise to the British-voiced localization. The gameplay was generally well received. Famitsu praised the battle system, saying that it was friendly towards casual gamers. MacDonald likewise praised the battle system as "one of the best combat systems I've played with in any RPG, Japanese or otherwise". Walton found the battle system fun and enjoyed the amount of side quests, while Dagostino was highly positive about the game's successful efforts in moving away from genre tradition. Juba enjoyed the multiplayer and praised the game for moving away from the genre's traditional battle systems despite faults with their overall implementation, while Robinson found the gameplay suffered from the design goals that had fueled its creation. Castle was positive about the variety of gameplay and tactical elements despite some stiff combat mechanics, but noted the inability to alter difficulty being a point against the game. Wishnov praised the fast pace and variety of the combat, but found that more cumbersome RPG elements and a lack of overall control negatively impacted the experience. GameTrailers generally praised about the way gameplay and combat was handled despite some "clunky" moments, but was less positive the multiplayer option's balance and variety. Edge, while noting multiple core similarities with other games within the genre, found that other elements came together to make it a more fast-paced cinematic experience than other traditional RPGs; Fuller enjoyed the battle system, but thought that it lacked challenge and had difficulties with the camera. Parkin was generally positive about combat, particularly about the blending and gradual growth of character abilities, while Nintendo Power called the battle system "satisfying" and the multiplayer "surprisingly worthwhile". Multiple reviewers commented on the game's linear structure, with opinions ranging from indifferent to negative. Opinions on the game's visual style varied. Walton called the game's visuals "some of the best ever seen on the Wii", which was echoed to a degree by MacDonald. Castle was generally positive about the game's aesthetics, citing the water effects as particularly good. Edge was fairly mixed, saying that well-done environmental effects or the world-building through character banter were spoiled by low-quality textures and stilted character animations. Juba praised the character models, but found environments to be "ugly and muddy in comparison"; Fuller, while not actively criticizing them, said that players used to high-definition consoles would be disappointed. GameTrailers found the amount of detail put into environments "remarkable" for the Wii hardware despite a lack of scale, while Parkin found the visuals generally unimpressive despite a few stand-out moments. Nintendo Power said that the graphics gave the game's setting an "authentic" appearance despite some low-resolution textures, while Eurogamer praised them for their "sepia tone". Frame rate drops during moments of high activity were generally noted by reviewers. Uematsu's incidental scoring also received praise from multiple critics. Sales and accolades Upon release, The Last Story topped Japanese gaming charts, selling 114,722 units. Assessments by Media Create stated that while the game had achieved higher sales than Xenoblade Chronicles due to higher interest in the title, Wii hardware sales remained low, indicating that the title was mostly bought by gamers who already owned a Wii console. By the end of 2011, the game sold just over 157,000 units. Upon its release in the UK, it debuted at #15. After the release of The Last Story in North America, Xseed Games released a statement saying that The Last Story was their most successful title to date, with its Premium Edition selling out quickly and needing to be replaced with a different special edition. Upon its release, the game received critical acclaim, earning an aggregate score of 80/100 on Metacritic based on 61 critic reviews. It was cited by GamesRadar and Forbes as one of the best games of the year. Similarly, 1UP.com named it as one of the top ten best RPGs on the Wii. In addition it was nominated for "Best Wii/Wii U Game" at the 2012 Spike Video Game Awards, and "RPG of the Year" in GameSpot'''s RPG of the Year award category. In IGN''s "Best of 2012" awards, it was awarded as "Best Wii U/Wii Sound". Notes References External links The Last Story at Nintendo.com Official site for North America Official site for Europe Official site for Japan 2011 video games AQ Interactive games Fiction about murder Japanese role-playing video games Mistwalker games Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games Nintendo games Orphans in fiction Role-playing video games Romance video games Video games developed in Japan Video games scored by Nobuo Uematsu Video games set on fictional islands War video games Wii Wi-Fi games Wii-only games Xseed Games games Multiplayer and single-player video games
Susan Helen Aldrich De Kroyft (, Aldrich; October 29, 1818 – October 1915) was an American author. Becoming blind less than a month after being widowed, for the next 48 years, De Kroyft traveled and wrote books. Principally her own publisher, the work that she prepared was dictated to a companion. Early life and education Helen Aldrich was born in Rochester, New York, on October 29, 1818. She was the daughter of Obed and Melintha Hart (Potter) Aldrich, and was the oldest in a family of twelve children. She was a seventh-generation descendant of the Quaker George Aldrich, who came to the United States in 1630. Early in her life, her father, Obed, lost a great deal of money by "endorsing for a friend". De Kroyft attended Westfield Academy in 1832–36, and Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (now Syracuse University) in Lima, New York in 1837–43, where she was a valedictorian. In 1834, at age 15, she came up with a plan regarding how to pay for her higher education. She alternated between teaching school in the winter and attending school in the summer, ultimately graduating from the university. Career Shortly after leaving school, she married William De Kroyft, a young physician, on July 26, 1846, in Rochester. However, a carriage accident four hours after their wedding left her widowed. Less than a month later, she awoke to find herself blind from an eye infection. Confronted now with the necessity of having to provide for herself, she entered the New York Institution for the Blind to become an organist. In a few months, however, a card invented in Paris for keeping the lines straight was placed in her hands, and in less than three years, her first work was written, entitled: A Place in Thy Memory. Being an unknown author, no publisher wanted to bring out De Kroyft's work without being paid half the costs for a first edition. She wrote a prospectus and personally solicited subscribers in New York City, securing enough to bring out her work with two engravings, all paid. Delivering the book to her subscribers, she saw that she had in her hand the means of travel by everywhere introducing her own work. Engaging a young lady companion, De Kroyft went first, in February 1860, to Washington, D.C. Several of the New York papers announced her there, and one of the directors of the institution gave her letters to his friends, Henry Clay, Sam Houston, Mrs. Commodore Aulic, the Chaplain of the United States Senate, and so forth. In March, 1850, she left for Charleston, South Carolina with letters from these and many others, including one from President Zachary Taylor at the White House, introducing her to all his friends in the South. The following Christmas, William Hickling Prescott, the historian, presented a case of wires such as he had invented for his own use. Aided by this tool, she subsequently published four other books, besides traveling almost constantly over the U.S. and Canada, everywhere introducing her own works, one secretary having accompanied her for 28 years. De Kroyft was the author of A Place In Thy Memory (1849), The Story of Little Jakey (1871), Darwin and Moses (1875), Mortara (1888), The Foreshadowed Way (1901), and The Soul of Eve (1904). By 1902, her eyesight had slowly returned. In religion, De Kroyft identified as Episcopalian. She was an honorary member of the Shakespeare Club in New York City. Death and legacy De Kroyft resided in Dansvllle, New York, and died there in October 1915. The Helen Aldrich De Kroyft papers are held by the University of Rochester. Selected works A Place In Thy Memory, 1849 The Story of Little Jakey, 1871 Darwin and Moses, 1875 Mortara, 1888 The Foreshadowed Way, 1901 The Soul of Eve, 1904 References Attribution External links Helen Aldrich de Kroyft papers, Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester 1818 births 1915 deaths Genesee Wesleyan Seminary alumni 19th-century American writers 19th-century American women writers 20th-century American writers 20th-century American women writers Writers from Rochester, New York Blind writers Syracuse University alumni American blind people American writers with disabilities
Martha Finley (pen name: Martha Farquharson; April 26, 1828 – January 30, 1909) was an American teacher and author of numerous works for children, the best known being the 28-volume Elsie Dinsmore series which was published over a span of 38 years. Her books tend to be sentimental, with a strong emphasis on religious belief. The daughter of Presbyterian minister Dr. James Brown Finley and his wife and cousin Maria Theresa Brown Finley, she was born on April 26, 1828, in Chillicothe, Ohio. She died in 1909 in Elkton, Maryland. Early years Martha Finley was born on April 26, 1828, in Chillicothe, Ohio. Her father. Dr. James B Finley, was the oldest son of General Samuel Finley, a Revolutionary officer, major in the Virginia line of cavalry, afterward general of militia in Ohio, and of Mary Brown, daughter of one of Pennsylvania's early legislators. Her maternal grandmother was the daughter of Thomas Butler, who was a great-grandson of that Duke of Ormond who was influential in making the treaty of Utrecht. The Finleys and Browns were of Scotch-Irish descent and had martyr blood in their ancestry. The name of their clan was Farquarharson, the Gaelic of Finley, and for many years Miss Finley used that name as her pen-name. The Butlers were military men. Five of Miss Finley's great-uncles of that name were in the war of the Revolution, two of them on George Washington's staff. One of her great-uncles, Dr. Samuel Finley, was one of the early presidents of Princeton College. Her grandfathers, both on her father's and mother's side, were wealthy. Her grandfather Finley received large tracts of land from the Government in acknowledgment of his services to his country during the Revolution. He laid out and owned the town of Newville, Pennsylvania. Some of his land was in Ohio, and he finally removed to that State. Finley attended private schools in South Bend, Indiana. Career In the winter of 1853, Finley began her literary career by writing a newspaper story and a little book published by the Baptist Board of Publication. Many of her early works were short stories contributed to the children's sections of Sunday-school papers. Originally written anonymously, the stories’ success led her publishers to ask her to include her name. At the time her family objected to her the publishing under her own name, so she chose "Martha Farquharson" as her pen name. Between 1856 and 1870, she wrote more than twenty Sunday school books and several series of juveniles, one series containing twelve books. These were followed by Casella (Philadelphia, 1869), Peddler of LaGrave, Old Fashioned Boy (Philadelphia, 1871), and Our Fred (New York City, 1874). It is through her "Elsie" and "Mildred" series that she became popular as a writer for the young. Finley did not write exclusively for the young. She wrote three novels, Wanted—A Pedigree (Philadelphia, 1879), Signing the Contract (New York, 1879), and Thorn in the Nest (New York. 1886). Personal life Finley resided in Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland, in a cottage which she built. On March 3, 1892, she became a member of the Singerly Fire Company, the town's fire department, when she was issued stock certificate 33, which granted her full privileges of membership. There is no evidence to indicate other types of participation in the organization, as most likely Singerly generously benefited from financial contributions from the civic-minded, progressive writer, yet she was the only woman listed on the rolls of the Elkton fire department until the mid-1970s List of publications Ella Clinton; or, By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1856 – online at Project Gutenberg Aunt Ruth, Philadelphia, 1857 Marion Harvie, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1857 Annandale: A story of the times of the Covenanters, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1858 Lame Letty, Philadelphia, 1859 Try: Better Do It, Than Wish It Done, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1863 Little Joe Carter, The Cripple, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1864 Mysie's Work, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1864 Willie Elton, The Little Boy Who Loved Jesus, Philadelphia, 1864 Black Steve; or The Strange Warning, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1865 Brookside Farm-House, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1865 Hugo and Franz, Philadelphia, 1865 Robert and Daisy, Philadelphia, 1865 Allan's Fault, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1866 Anna Hand, the Meddlesome Girl, Philadelphia, 1868 Casella, Dodd, 1868 Grandma Foster's Sunbeam, Philadelphia, 1868 Little Dick Positive, Philadelphia, 1868 The Little Helper, 1868 Little Patience, Philadelphia, 1868 Loitering Linus, Philadelphia, 1868 Maude's Two Homes, Philadelphia, 1868 Millie, or The Little Girl Who Tried To Help Others and Do Them Good, Philadelphia, 1868 Stupid Sally, the Poor-House Girl, Philadelphia, 1868 Amy and Her Kitten, Philadelphia, 1870 Betty Page, Philadelphia, 1870 The Broken Basket, Philadelphia, 1870 Jamie by the Lake, Philadelphia, 1870 Rufus the Unready, Philadelphia, 1870 The White Dress, Philadelphia, 1870 An Old-Fashioned Boy, Evans, 1871 Lilian; or, Did She Do It Right?, Evans, 1871 Wanted—A Pedigree, Dodd, 1871 Contented Jim, Philadelphia, 1872 Honest Jim, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1872 How He Did It, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1872 Noll in the Country, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1872 The Twin Babies, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1872 Our Fred, Donohue, 1874 The Peddler of La Grave, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1875 Aunt Hetty's Fowls, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry and His Chickens, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry and His Cousins, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry At Aunt Jane's, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry's Christmas in the City, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry's Fourth of July, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry's Grandma, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry's Little Sister, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry's Ride With Papa, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Harry's Walk With Grandma, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 The Pewit's Nest, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Rosa and Robbie, Presbyterian Publications Board, 1876 Signing the Contract, Dodd, 1879 – online at Project Gutenberg The Thorn in the Nest, Dodd, 1886 – online at Project Gutenberg The Tragedy of Wild River Valley, Dodd, 1893 – online at Project Gutenberg Twiddledetwit, A Fairytale, Dodd, 1898 Elsie Dinsmore seriesElsie Dinsmore (1867) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Holidays at Roselands (1868) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Girlhood (1872) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Womanhood (1875) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Motherhood (1876) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Children (1877) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Widowhood (1880)Grandmother Elsie (1882) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's New Relations (1883) – online at Project GutenbergElsie at Nantucket (1884) – online at Project GutenbergThe Two Elsies (1885) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Kith and Kin (1886) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Friends at Woodburn (1887)Christmas with Grandma Elsie (1888) – online at Project GutenbergElsie and the Raymonds (1889)Elsie Yachting with the Raymonds (1890)Elsie's Vacation (1891) – online at Project GutenbergElsie at Viamede (1892)Elsie at Ion (1893)Elsie at the World's Fair (1894) – online at Project GutenbergElsie's Journey on Inland Waters (1895)Elsie at Home (1897) – online at Project GutenbergElsie on the Hudson (1898)Elsie in the South (1899)Elsie's Young Folks in Peace and War (1900)Elsie's Winter Trip (1902)Elsie and Her Loved Ones (1903)Elsie and Her Namesakes (1905) Mildred Keith series Mildred Keith (1876) – online at Project GutenbergMildred at Roselands (1880) – online at Project GutenbergMildred and Elsie (1881)Mildred's Married Life, and a Winter with Elsie Dinsmore (1882)Mildred at Home: With Something about her Relatives and Friends (1884)Mildred's Boys and Girls (1886)Mildred's New Daughter'' (1894) References Attribution External links 19th Century Girls' Series The Literature Network biography of Martha Finley 1828 births 1909 deaths American children's writers 19th-century American novelists 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American women writers 19th-century American women writers 19th-century pseudonymous writers 20th-century pseudonymous writers American women novelists Novelists from Maryland Novelists from Ohio American women children's writers People from Elkton, Maryland Pseudonymous women writers Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century
Egyházasrádóc is a village in Vas County, Hungary. References Populated places in Vas County
IRLA may refer to: International Religious Liberty Association Irla – A neighbourhood in Mumbai Irish Republican Liberation Army
Sir Denny Ashburnham, 1st Baronet (c.1628 – 11 December 1697) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1660 and 1689. Background Ashburnham was the eldest son of Lawrence Ashburnham of Broomham Park, Guestling, Sussex, and his second wife, Bridget Fleetwood, daughter of Sir George Fleetwood. His paternal grandfather was Adam Ashburnham, who sat in the Parliament of England. Career Ashburnham was a Commissioner for the Militia and became a Justice of the Peace for Sussex in March 1660. In April 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Hastings in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Hastings in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament. On 15 May 1661, he was created a baronet, of Bromham, in the County of Sussex. In 1665, Ashburnham was appointed a Commissioner of the Excise, a post he held for the next three years and again from 1688 until 1689. He became a Deputy Lieutenant for Sussex in 1670. He was a Victualler of the Navy in 1671 and also between 1673 and 1677. Ashburnham was several times a Commissioner for Assessment and between 1683 and 1689 served as Commissioner for Hearth-tax. In 1685, he was nominated mayor of Hastings. In the aftermath of the so-called Popish Plot, Ashburnham was summoned in the trial of Titus Oates as a witness. Ashburnham died at the age of about 68 and was buried at Guestling on 11 December 1697. Family Ashburnham married firstly Frances Ashburnham, daughter of John Ashburnham and aunt of John Ashburnham, 1st Baron Ashburnham. After her death, he married Anne Watkins, daughter of Sir David Watkins on 14 September 1675. He had four sons and two daughters by his first wife and three sons and one daughter by his second wife. Ashburnham was buried at Guestling in Sussex and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his sons William and Charles successively. Arms References 1697 deaths Baronets in the Baronetage of England People from Guestling Year of birth uncertain English MPs 1660 English MPs 1661–1679 English MPs 1685–1687
Al-Hashamah () is a sub-district located in the At-Ta'iziyah District, Taiz Governorate, Yemen. Al-Hashamah had a population of 14,246 according to the 2004 census. References Sub-districts in At-Ta'iziyah District
The Chery Tiggo 9 is a three-row mid-size crossover SUV produced by Chery under the Tiggo product series from 2023. The Tiggo 9 was positioned as the flagship of the Tiggo series above the Tiggo 8 family and is available as a five-seater and a three-row seven-seater model. Overview The production of Tiggo 9 was revealed during the 2023 Auto Shanghai in China. The Tiggo 9 rides on the T1X platform unibody chassis and features CDC suspension, which realizes intelligent full-sensing adjustment through stepless adjustment of suspension hardness. MacPherson struts in the front and multi-link rear suspension systems. The wheels are 20-inch size. The interior of the Tiggo 9 features a dual-curved screen with a 12.3-inch LCD instrument panel as the dashboard and a 12.3-inch central control screen curved towards the driver. The digital functionalities of the infortainment system are powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip. For the audio system, the Tiggo 9 is equipped with a 14-speaker Sony surround sound system. Powertrain The engine of the Tiggo 9 is a Kunpeng Power 2.0-litre TDGi inline-four turbocharged petrol engine that produces and of torque. The engine is mated to an Aisin eight-speed automatic transmission with flappy paddles and powers all four wheels. The top speed of the Tiggo 9 is , with a combined fuel consumption of . A 2.0-litre turbo PHEV Kunpeng Super Intelligent Hybrid version of the Tiggo 9 would also be available, with a acceleration in 4.5 seconds and a CLTC range of . The battery of the Tiggo 9 may be recharged from 30% to 80% in 18 minutes. References External links Official website Tiggo 9 Cars introduced in 2023 2020s cars Mid-size crossover sport utility vehicles All-wheel-drive vehicles Plug-in hybrid vehicles Flagship vehicles Cars of China
Nicolene Pichapa Bunchu (; born 22 September 1998), known professionally as Nicolene Limsnukan (), is a Thai-American model and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Miss Thailand World 2018. She represented Thailand at the Miss World 2018 pageant and was crowned 1st Runner-Up and Continental Queen of Asia. In July 2022, Nicolene was announced as one of the top 30 finalist for Miss Universe Thailand 2022 and finished as 1st runner-up. Pageantry Miss Thai New Years USA 2014 Limsnukan began her pageantry career in the Miss Thai New Years USA 2014 competition and won the title along with special awards for Miss Sport Outfit and Best Thai Costume. Miss Teen Asia USA 2014 Limsnukan represented Thailand in the Miss Teen Asia USA 2014 and won the title together with Miss Congeniality and Best National Costume Award. Miss Universe Thailand 2018 Limsnukan competed in Miss Universe Thailand 2018 and was placed in Top 10 and won People's Choice Award. Miss Thailand World 2018 Shortly after her time at the Miss Universe Thailand stage, Limsnukan joined the Miss Thailand World pageant, representing Bangkok in the Miss Thailand World 2018 competition, which she won the crown, and took Beauty With A Purpose Award, Best Thai Costume, Hua Hin's Favorite Award and Best Portrait. She succeeded outgoing Miss Thailand World 2016, Jinnita Buddee from Chiang Rai. Miss World 2018 Limsnukan represented Thailand at the Miss World 2018 competition in Sanya, China on December 8, 2018, where Manushi Chhillar of India crowned Vanessa Ponce of Mexico as her successor at the end of the event. Limsnukan became Thailand's first ever 1st Runner-up at the Miss World stage, marking Thailand's best performance in the pageant's history and ending a 26-year drought for the Continental Queen of Asia title. The last representative from Thailand to hold this title was Metinee Kingpayom at Miss World 1992. References 1998 births Living people Miss World 2018 delegates Female models from California Nicolene Limsnukan Nicolene Limsnukan Nicolene Limsnukan Nicolene Limsnukan Nicolene Limsnukan American people of Chinese descent American people of Thai descent People from Long Beach, California Miss Thailand World Miss Universe Thailand
was a political party in Japan. History It's founded on November 9, 1945, mainly by former members of Seiyukai Party. Its first leader was Ichirō Hatoyama. In 1946-1947 and 1948-1954, the next party leader Shigeru Yoshida was the Prime Minister. The initial name of the party was . In 1948, the Japan Liberal Party merged with Kijūrō Shidehara's , not to be confused with the Democratic Party, to form the . Leaders Election results House of Representatives House of Councillors References Works cited 1945 establishments in Japan Political parties established in 1945 Defunct political parties in Japan Conservative parties in Japan Defunct conservative parties Political parties disestablished in 1948 1948 disestablishments in Japan
Kulekhani is a river in central Nepal. The average monthly flow varies from 1.13 cubic-meters-per-second in winter to 10.23 cubic-meters-per-second in Monsoon. Kulekhani Dam built on the river near Kulekhani village forms a 22-hactare lake called the Indrasarowar with a catchment area of about 126 square kilometres. The dam impound a reservoir which feeds to Kulekhani I and its cascaded hydropower projects- Kulekhani II and III. References Rivers of Bagmati Province Geography of Bagmati Province
Sarah Lennox may refer to: Lady Sarah Lennox (1745–1826), daughter of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, love of George III Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond (1706–1751), daughter of William Cadogan, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Caroline
Úsmev () is the fourth compilation of greatest hits by Modus, released on Bonton in 1998. Track listing Official releases 1998: Úsmev, CD, Bonton, #491 722 Credits and personnel Ján Lehotský - lead vocal, writer, keyboards Marika Gombitová - lead vocal, back vocal Miroslav Žbirka - writer, lead vocal, chorus, guitar Ľudovít Nosko - lead vocal Miroslav Jevčák - lead vocal Eugen Kratochvíla - writer Daniela Hivešová - lyrics Kamil Peteraj - lyrics Boris Filan - lyrics Ľuboš Zeman - lyrics Alexander Karšay - lyrics Ján Štrasser - lyrics See also The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time Footnotes References General Specific External links 1998 compilation albums Modus (band) compilation albums
The Party for the Government of the People (PGP)—in Spanish: Partido por el Gobierno del Pueblo—was a social democratic political party in Uruguay. It was originally the Movimiento por el Gobierno del Pueblo. MGP was formed in 1962 by Zelmar Michelini, initially as a group inside the Partido Colorado. MGP was a founding member of Frente Amplio (FA) (Broad Front). Michelini was assassinated 20 May 1976. MGP/PGP was part of the centrist branch of the Broad Front. In the 1984 election MGP was the sector of the Broad Front that received the largest number of votes. In 1989 PGP withdrew from the front. In 1994 it merged with Partido Colorado, but several of its legislators and members stayed out. Some formed Encuentro Progresista (Progressive Encounter) whereas others, led by Rafael Michelini (son of Zelmar Michelini), formed Nuevo Espacio (New Space). References Defunct political parties in Uruguay Social democratic parties in Uruguay
Stape is a hamlet and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. At the 2011 Census the population was less than 100; details are included in the civil parish of Cropton. The population was estimated to be 120 in 2015 by the local authority. Stape is in the North York Moors National Park, north of Pickering. Between 1974 and 2023 the parish was part of the Ryedale district. To the south-west of the village, a Roman Road runs across Flamborough Rigg, through the village and across the moors to the north. It is thought that the road is Wade's Causeway, which connected the Roman camps at Malton and Cawthorne with the east coast. Also to the south west is the Keldy Castle estate, which was requisitioned from the Reckitt Family during the Second World War as an army camp. The castle (actually a stately home with crenellated walls) was destroyed in 1950 after being declared surplus to the requirements of the owners. In 1976, the Forestry Commission installed holiday homes on the site. There was an activity centre, known as the Ken Ather Outdoor Centre, built for use by pupils of the village until closed by what was then the North Riding Education Authority. It was run by the Joseph Rowntree Trust and often used by Joseph Rowntree School, New Earswick, York until 2016, when administrative problems made it too difficult to retain. Stape is home to the Stape Silver Band, which was formed in Newtondale in 1884. The band have been featured in the ITV series "Heartbeat" twice in 1994 and 2008. In 2010, the band reached the finals of the National Brass Band Competition which was held in Harrogate. References External links History of Stape Silver Band Images of Keldy Castle before it was 'lost' Villages in North Yorkshire Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Diliskelesi is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Dilovası, Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its population is 10,910 (2022). It is a port on the north side of the Gulf of İzmit. References Neighbourhoods in Dilovası District
Sayt'uqucha or Sayt'u Qucha (Quechua suyt'u, sayt'u rectangular, qucha lake, lagoon, "rectangular lake", hispanicized spellings Saytococha) is a lake in Peru located in the Puno Region, San Román Province, Cabanillas District. It lies southeast of Saraqucha, the largest lake of the district. References Lakes of Peru Lakes of Puno Region
Renate Breuer (born 1 December 1939 in Berlin) is a West German sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she won a silver medal in the K-1 500 m event at Mexico City in 1968. Breuer also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 500 m: 1970) and two silvers (K-4 500 m: 1966, 1971). References Sports-reference.com profile 1939 births Canoeists at the 1968 Summer Olympics Canoeists at the 1972 Summer Olympics Living people Canoeists from Berlin Olympic canoeists for West Germany Olympic silver medalists for West Germany West German female canoeists Olympic medalists in canoeing ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The Malaysia women's national football team represents Malaysia in international women's association football; it is controlled by the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). Despite football being one of the nation's favorite sports, Malaysia is not among the strongest teams in the AFC, especially its women's side. Women's football in Malaysia is considerably underdeveloped, mostly due to the strict principles of Islam, the country's most dominant religion, in contrast with the men's side. History In 2005, the team was one of seven that included Brunei, Thailand, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar and Singapore, that were expected to field a women's football team to compete at that year's SEA Games in the Philippines. New era Consequently, FAM has planned to set up the first women football league in Malaysia. It is planned to be named Women Division 1 and Women Super League. Team image Nicknames The Malaysia women's national football team has been known or nicknamed as the "Harimau Malaya (Malayan Tigress)" or Skuad Kebangsaan (National Team)". Kits and crest The logo symbolises the unity and forward progress of Malaysian football. Composed of four main elements, the logo stands for the development and awareness of the international image and patriotism of the sport in Malaysia. The Malayan tiger leaping over a football is the main element of the logo, and symbolises the courage and dignity portrayed while playing the game. The paddy stalks represent the prosperity and wealth of Malaysia, and the development of football in the country from the grassroots level. The Malay kris that rests at the top represents nationalism, and awareness that represents Malaysia at every level of football. The entire emblem is enclosed within a circle that represents the unity and timelessness of the sport. Kit suppliers Similar to the men's team, the national team kit was manufactured by Adidas from the 1970s, who also sponsored the national team kit. Since 2007, the official Malaysia team kit has been manufactured by Nike. The home kit's design of black and yellow stripes is a throwback to the kit used by the Malaysian national team of the 1920s. The great national team of the 1970s also sported similar stripes, which are supposed to be reminiscent of the stripes of a tiger, the symbol of Malaysia's national football team. Since November 2010, Nike Malaysia has replaced Adidas as the team kit sponsor. Home stadium The Malaysia plays their home matches on the Bukit Jalil National Stadium. Supporters Ultras Malaya is the name of the major supporters for the national team in West Malaysia. They are known for their high fanaticism and support towards the national team. In every international match the national team played, a group standing at the supporters area can be found. The main colours of the supporters are usually black with a yellow scarf and banners just like the national team kits colours. These supporters always bring flares, drums and large national flags to the stadiums. Sponsors According to the website of Football Association of Malaysia, Malaysia main sponsors include Nike, Bank Islam, 100plus, Telekom Malaysia and One Goal. Results and fixtures The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled. Legend 2023 Coaching staff Current coaching staff Below is the registered officials for the Malaysia Women's Team. Players Current squad The following players have been selected for the 2023 SAFF Women's International Friendly Tournament (Taif). Recent call ups The following players have been called up to a Malaysia squad in the past 12 months. Competitive record Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place FIFA Women's World Cup Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. Olympic Games Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. AFC Women's Asian Cup Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. Notes: Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil. Asian Games Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. AFF Women's Championship Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. SEA Games Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. Notes: Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil. These matches are not regarded as part of the national team's record, nor are caps awarded. Honours and achievements Continental Regional Summary See also Sport in Malaysia Football in Malaysia Women's football in Malaysia Football Association of Malaysia Malaysia women's national football team Malaysia women's national football team results List of Malaysia women's international footballers Malaysia women's national under-20 football team Malaysia women's national under-17 football team Malaysia women's national futsal team Malaysia national football team References External links Official website Asian women's national association football teams F
Persian Gulf National Day () is an official holiday in Iran observed on the 10th day of Ordibehesht, the second month in the Iranian calendar. This usually coincides with 29 or 30 April of the Gregorian calendar. The purpose of this holiday is to celebrate the history, name, and significance of the Persian Gulf. The holiday commemorates the day that combined forces of the Safavid Empire and the British East India Company captured Ormuz expelled the Portuguese from the Strait of Hormuz. Background The Persian Gulf, in Western Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. The Tehran Times notes that the term Persian Gulf and its translations have been used since earlier than 400 BC in many languages, and especially in the Arabic language. On almost all the maps printed before 1960 and in most modern international treaties, documents and plans, this water basin is known as the "Persian Gulf". The 10th day of Ordibehesht has been designated as the Persian Gulf National Day to commemorate the historic victory and also serves as a reminder of the real name of the Persian Gulf. The establishment of National Persian Gulf Day was a response to the movement among pan-Arabists to rename the Persian Gulf the Arabian Gulf. The Arab League officially recognized the name Arabian Gulf in 1964, but most international bodies, including the United Nations and International Hydrographic Organization use the term Persian Gulf. Arab states of the Persian Gulf largely use the term Arabian Gulf. The United States use the term Persian Gulf, though the practice of the United States Fifth Fleet, based in Bahrain, is to use the preferred term of the host nation. Iran established Persian Gulf National Day in 2005. The day is marked with various ceremonies in Iran, especially in the coastal cities of the Persian Gulf. The date commemorates the Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz in 1622 which drove Portuguese colonial forces out of the Strait of Hormuz. The Postal Service of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has issued a series of stamps commemorating "the national day of Persian Gulf". Anglo-Persian conquest of Hormuz In the Persian–Portuguese war, Safavid Iran and the British East India Company challenged Portugal and The Kingdom of Ormus for supremacy in the Persian Gulf. In 1602, the Safavid army under the command of Imam-Quli Khan expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain. In 1612, the Portuguese Empire took the city of Gamrūn and transliterated the name to Comorão. Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was taken by 'Abbās the Great after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e' Abbās, or "Port of 'Abbās". In 1622, with the help of four English ships, Shah Abbas and Persians took Hormuz from the Portuguese in the Capture of Ormuz (1622). Registration as a day of National Heritage In 2010, traditional naval documentation of the Persian Gulf was registered on Iran's National Heritage List. The decision was made by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft Organization and presided over by former vice President Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, to register the day as a day of national heritage. The campaign launched by individual Arab states to rename the Persian Gulf which drove this decision. The Iranian postal authority has issued a series of stamps commemorating the day. In October 2018, the WIPO, the intellectual property agency of the UN, certified Persian Gulf Pearl based on the Lisbon Agreement. According to the agreement, based on international law, no country, government, or organization can use another name to refer to the Persian Gulf Pearl brand. See also Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf Names of Iran Early world maps History of cartography References External links Interview with the proposer of the Persian Gulf National Day Documents on the Persian Gulf's name Documents on the Persian Gulf's name more Maps and documents from the book: 32 historical map of Persian gulf, from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name. france24:Al-Janabi"it has been called the Persian Gulf since Alexander the Great" DEC. 2, 2004 Los AngelesTIMES: Iran's Anger Over a New Map Magnifies a Perception Gulf Persian culture April observances Spring (season) events in Iran National days in Iran Persian Gulf
Club de Campo del Mediterráneo is a country club located in Castellón, Spain. Opened in 1978, the Ramon Espinosa designed golf course was the venue for the former European Tour event, the Castelló Masters Costa Azahar. The inaugural tournament, held in October 2008, was won by home favourite Sergio García, whose father is also the club professional. External links Club de Campo del Mediterráneo Golf clubs and courses in Spain Sports venues in the Valencian Community
```xml import { PermissionResponse } from 'expo-modules-core'; /** * Enum with available location accuracies. / export declare enum LocationAccuracy { /* * Accurate to the nearest three kilometers. / Lowest = 1, /* * Accurate to the nearest kilometer. / Low = 2, /* * Accurate to within one hundred meters. / Balanced = 3, /* * Accurate to within ten meters of the desired target. / High = 4, /* * The best level of accuracy available. / Highest = 5, /* * The highest possible accuracy that uses additional sensor data to facilitate navigation apps. / BestForNavigation = 6 } /* * Enum with available activity types of background location tracking. / export declare enum LocationActivityType { /* * Default activity type. Use it if there is no other type that matches the activity you track. / Other = 1, /* * Location updates are being used specifically during vehicular navigation to track location * changes to the automobile. / AutomotiveNavigation = 2, /* * Use this activity type if you track fitness activities such as walking, running, cycling, * and so on. / Fitness = 3, /* * Activity type for movements for other types of vehicular navigation that are not automobile * related. / OtherNavigation = 4, /* * Intended for airborne activities. Fall backs to `ActivityType.Other` if * unsupported. * @platform ios / Airborne = 5 } /* * A type of the event that geofencing task can receive. / export declare enum LocationGeofencingEventType { /* * Emitted when the device entered observed region. / Enter = 1, /* * Occurs as soon as the device left observed region / Exit = 2 } /* * State of the geofencing region that you receive through the geofencing task. / export declare enum LocationGeofencingRegionState { /* * Indicates that the device position related to the region is unknown. / Unknown = 0, /* * Indicates that the device is inside the region. / Inside = 1, /* * Inverse of inside state. / Outside = 2 } /* * Type representing options argument in `getCurrentPositionAsync`. / export type LocationOptions = { /* * Location manager accuracy. Pass one of `Accuracy` enum values. * For low-accuracies the implementation can avoid geolocation providers * that consume a significant amount of power (such as GPS). / accuracy?: LocationAccuracy; /* * Specifies whether to ask the user to turn on improved accuracy location mode * which uses Wi-Fi, cell networks and GPS sensor. * @default true * @platform android / mayShowUserSettingsDialog?: boolean; /* * Minimum time to wait between each update in milliseconds. * Default value may depend on `accuracy` option. * @platform android / timeInterval?: number; /* * Receive updates only when the location has changed by at least this distance in meters. * Default value may depend on `accuracy` option. / distanceInterval?: number; }; /* * Type representing options object that can be passed to `getLastKnownPositionAsync`. / export type LocationLastKnownOptions = { /* * A number of milliseconds after which the last known location starts to be invalid and thus * `null` is returned. / maxAge?: number; /* * The maximum radius of uncertainty for the location, measured in meters. If the last known * location's accuracy radius is bigger (less accurate) then `null` is returned. / requiredAccuracy?: number; }; /* * Type representing background location task options. / export type LocationTaskOptions = LocationOptions & { /* * A boolean indicating whether the status bar changes its appearance when * location services are used in the background. * @default false * @platform ios / showsBackgroundLocationIndicator?: boolean; /* * The distance in meters that must occur between last reported location and the current location * before deferred locations are reported. * @default 0 / deferredUpdatesDistance?: number; deferredUpdatesTimeout?: number; /* * Minimum time interval in milliseconds that must pass since last reported location before all * later locations are reported in a batched update * @default 0 / deferredUpdatesInterval?: number; /* * The type of user activity associated with the location updates. * @see See [Apple docs](path_to_url for more details. * @default ActivityType.Other * @platform ios / activityType?: LocationActivityType; /* * A boolean value indicating whether the location manager can pause location * updates to improve battery life without sacrificing location data. When this option is set to * `true`, the location manager pauses updates (and powers down the appropriate hardware) at times * when the location data is unlikely to change. You can help the determination of when to pause * location updates by assigning a value to the `activityType` property. * @default false * @platform ios / pausesUpdatesAutomatically?: boolean; foregroundService?: LocationTaskServiceOptions; }; export type LocationTaskServiceOptions = { /* * Title of the foreground service notification. / notificationTitle: string; /* * Subtitle of the foreground service notification. / notificationBody: string; /* * Color of the foreground service notification. Accepts `#RRGGBB` and `#AARRGGBB` hex formats. / notificationColor?: string; /* * Boolean value whether to destroy the foreground service if the app is killed. / killServiceOnDestroy?: boolean; }; /* * Type representing geofencing region object. / export type LocationRegion = { /* * The identifier of the region object. Defaults to auto-generated UUID hash. / identifier?: string; /* * The latitude in degrees of region's center point. / latitude: number; /* * The longitude in degrees of region's center point. / longitude: number; /* * The radius measured in meters that defines the region's outer boundary. / radius: number; /* * Boolean value whether to call the task if the device enters the region. * @default true / notifyOnEnter?: boolean; /* * Boolean value whether to call the task if the device exits the region. * @default true / notifyOnExit?: boolean; /* * One of [GeofencingRegionState](#geofencingregionstate) region state. Determines whether the * device is inside or outside a region. / state?: LocationGeofencingRegionState; }; /* * Type representing the location object. / export type LocationObject = { /* * The coordinates of the position. / coords: LocationObjectCoords; /* * The time at which this position information was obtained, in milliseconds since epoch. / timestamp: number; /* * Whether the location coordinates is mocked or not. * @platform android / mocked?: boolean; }; /* * Type representing the location GPS related data. / export type LocationObjectCoords = { /* * The latitude in degrees. / latitude: number; /* * The longitude in degrees. / longitude: number; /* * The altitude in meters above the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid. Can be `null` on Web if it's not available. / altitude: number \| null; /* * The radius of uncertainty for the location, measured in meters. Can be `null` on Web if it's not available. / accuracy: number \| null; /* * The accuracy of the altitude value, in meters. Can be `null` on Web if it's not available. / altitudeAccuracy: number \| null; /* * Horizontal direction of travel of this device, measured in degrees starting at due north and * continuing clockwise around the compass. Thus, north is 0 degrees, east is 90 degrees, south is * 180 degrees, and so on. Can be `null` on Web if it's not available. / heading: number \| null; /* * The instantaneous speed of the device in meters per second. Can be `null` on Web if it's not available. / speed: number \| null; }; /* * Represents `watchPositionAsync` callback. / export type LocationCallback = (location: LocationObject) => any; /* * Represents the object containing details about location provider. / export type LocationProviderStatus = { /* * Whether location services are enabled. See [Location.hasServicesEnabledAsync](#locationhasservicesenabledasync) * for a more convenient solution to get this value. / locationServicesEnabled: boolean; backgroundModeEnabled: boolean; /* * Whether the GPS provider is available. If `true` the location data will come * from GPS, especially for requests with high accuracy. * @platform android / gpsAvailable?: boolean; /* * Whether the network provider is available. If `true` the location data will * come from cellular network, especially for requests with low accuracy. * @platform android / networkAvailable?: boolean; /* * Whether the passive provider is available. If `true` the location data will * be determined passively. * @platform android / passiveAvailable?: boolean; }; /* * Type of the object containing heading details and provided by `watchHeadingAsync` callback. / export type LocationHeadingObject = { /* * Measure of true north in degrees (needs location permissions, will return `-1` if not given). / trueHeading: number; /* * Measure of magnetic north in degrees. / magHeading: number; /* * Level of calibration of compass: * - `3`: high accuracy * - `2`: medium accuracy * - `1`: low accuracy * - `0`: none * * Reference for iOS: * - `3`: < 20 degrees uncertainty * - `2`: < 35 degrees * - `1`: < 50 degrees * - `0`: > 50 degrees / accuracy: number; }; /* * Represents `watchHeadingAsync` callback. / export type LocationHeadingCallback = (location: LocationHeadingObject) => any; /* * Type representing a result of `geocodeAsync`. / export type LocationGeocodedLocation = { /* * The latitude in degrees. / latitude: number; /* * The longitude in degrees. / longitude: number; /* * The altitude in meters above the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid. / altitude?: number; /* * The radius of uncertainty for the location, measured in meters. / accuracy?: number; }; /* * Type representing a result of `reverseGeocodeAsync`. / export type LocationGeocodedAddress = { /* * City name of the address. / city: string \| null; /* * Additional city-level information like district name. / district: string \| null; /* * Street number of the address. / streetNumber: string \| null; /* * Street name of the address. / street: string \| null; /* * The state or province associated with the address. / region: string \| null; /* * Additional information about administrative area. / subregion: string \| null; /* * Localized country name of the address. / country: string \| null; /* * Postal code of the address. / postalCode: string \| null; /* * The name of the placemark, for example, "Tower Bridge". / name: string \| null; /* * Localized (ISO) country code of the address, if available. / isoCountryCode: string \| null; /* * The timezone identifier associated with the address. * @platform ios / timezone: string \| null; /* * Composed string of the address components, for example, "111 8th Avenue, New York, NY". * @platform android / formattedAddress: string \| null; }; /* * Represents subscription object returned by methods watching for new locations or headings. / export type LocationSubscription = { /* * Call this function with no arguments to remove this subscription. The callback will no longer * be called for location updates. / remove: () => void; }; export type PermissionDetailsLocationIOS = { /* * The scope of granted permission. Indicates when it's possible to use location. / scope: 'whenInUse' \| 'always' \| 'none'; }; export type PermissionDetailsLocationAndroid = { /* * Indicates the type of location provider. / accuracy: 'fine' \| 'coarse' \| 'none'; }; /* * `LocationPermissionResponse` extends [`PermissionResponse`](#permissionresponse) * type exported by `expo-modules-core` and contains additional platform-specific fields. */ export type LocationPermissionResponse = PermissionResponse & { ios?: PermissionDetailsLocationIOS; android?: PermissionDetailsLocationAndroid; }; export type { PermissionResponse }; //# sourceMappingURL=Location.types.d.ts.map ```
Third Ukrainian Republic () is a political party in Ukraine. The party was formally named (from its creation in May 1999 till April 2010) Forward, Ukraine! (; Vpered, Ukrajino!) and (from April 2010 till July 2014) People's Self-Defense Political Party (). In December 2011 the party announced it would be merged into All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland". However, in July 2014 the party was re-energised and renamed. History Forward, Ukraine! electoral bloc Originally, the party takes its roots from the electoral bloc "Forward, Ukraine!" that was formed on April 3, 1997. Composed out of several political formations such as the parliamentary faction "Reforms", the Christian-Democratic Party of Ukraine (leader V.Stretovych), the Christian Democratic Union, the Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party, Hromada (led by Oleksandr Turchynov), Christian Democratic Youth of Ukraine, the trade union "Our Right", the charity fund "Ukrainian Perspective", Ukrainian fund in support of reforms, and the political association "Young Ukraine". The leading section of that bloc was the parliamentary faction "Reforms" led by Serhiy Sobolyev. In June 1997 the faction changed its name to "Forward, Ukraine!" as well whose unofficial leader became the deputy speaker Viktor Musiyaka. Right before the 1998 Ukrainian parliamentary elections however the bloc fell apart, out which was created the Reforms and Order Party of Viktor Pynzenyk. The rest of the bloc consisting of the Christian Democratic Union, the Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party and the Young Ukraine went to the elections under its original name and led by the former deputy speaker of the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) Viktor Musiyaka. The bloc "Forward, Ukraine!" proved to be an unsuccessful political project gathering only 1.73% at the elections and receiving no representation. Next year Viktor Musiyaka transformed the bloc into a party with the same name. In 2012 another party with the same name Ukraine - Forward! led by Natalia Korolevska copied the statute of the "Forward, Ukraine!" and also failed to place any representation in parliament in 2012. Forward, Ukraine! As a political party "Forward, Ukraine!" was registered by the Justice Ministry on May 13, 1999. At the 2002 elections, the party was part of the Viktor Yushchenko Bloc Our Ukraine. "Forward, Ukraine!" in parliament was represented only by its leader Viktor Musiyaka. At the 2006 elections it decided to participate alone gathering only 6,934 votes (0.02%). At the 2007 elections, the party joined Viktor's Yushchenko Bloc once more within the Yuriy Lutsenko's People's Self-Defense. Being part of the Our Ukraine alliance the party received 6 out of 72 parliamentary seats that were won by the alliance. Parliamentary mandates were received by Oleh Novikov, Kateryna Lukianova, Kyrylo Kulykov, Serhiy Kharovsky, Yuriy Hrymchak, and Serhiy Lutsenko. In an interview with the Silski Visti (Village News) newspaper on 29 January 2009 interior minister Yuriy Lutsenko declared that Civil Movement "People's Self-Defense" as an insurgent, protesting, and not very structured civil movement has ceased to exist". Lutsenko also said he was planning to direct the organisational changes of Forward, Ukraine!. The party supported Yulia Tymoshenko as presidential candidate in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election. The party did not support the dismissal of the second Tymoshenko Government. People's Self-Defense Political Party At the ninth congress of the Forward, Ukraine! Party on February 26, 2010 the decision was taken to rename the party. Justice Minister Oleksandr Lavrynovych signed a relevant decree April 20, 2010. On August 4, 2010 party leader Yuriy Lutsenko declared that the party would participate in the 2010 local elections in collaboration with All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" on joined lists. But eventually the party did independently participate in the election. Now with much success, the party won no representatives in Oblast Councils (regional parliaments); its biggest success was winning seats in the city council of several towns in the Lviv Oblast. The party announced it will be merged into All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" in December 2011. This process started late December 2011. As of mid-April 2013 there have been no reports about the party holding a congress to pass a decision on this merge. And the party was still registered at the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice. The party competed on one single party under "umbrella" party "Fatherland", together with several other parties, during the 2012 parliamentary elections During the election this list won 62 seats (25.55% of the votes) under the proportional party-list system and another 39 by winning 39 simple-majority constituencies; a total of 101 seats in Parliament. Third Ukrainian Republic On 1 July 2014 the party was officially renamed "Third Ukrainian Republic". New party leader Roman Bezsmertnyi (that day) stated to materialise the "ideas of Yuriy Lutsenko" by active citizens who had rallied around Lutsenko". Instead, he also said that Lutsenko was not a member of the party; but he would head the party if Lutsenko would not join the party Solidarity. According to Bezsmertnyi Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko was at the time negotiating with Lutsenko to make him party leader of Solidarity. Bezsmertnyi assured that if Lutsenko would become party leader of Solidarity he and his fellow and Third Ukrainian Republic members would "think whether to go to the polls without our leader". On 27 August 2014 Lutsenko was elected party leader of Solidarity (that party was renamed Bloc of Petro Poroshenko the same day). The party did not participate in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. Elections history See also Civil movement "For Ukraine" Yuriy Lutsenko's People's Self-Defense References External links Official website Liberal parties in Ukraine Political parties established in 1999 1999 establishments in Ukraine
Sound Pieces is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label. Reception The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars, stating: "Although best-known as an altoist and a tenor-saxophonist, Nelson sticks exclusively to soprano throughout the set. He leads a 20-piece big band on three of his compositions. Although one would not think of Nelson as a soprano stylist, his strong playing actually put him near the top of his field". Track listing All compositions by Oliver Nelson except as indicated "Sound Piece for Jazz Orchestra" - 9:44 "Flute Salad" - 2:49 "The Lady From Girl Talk" - 4:59 "The Shadow of Your Smile" (Mandel, Webster) - 9:44 "Patterns" - 6:19 "Elegy for a Duck" - 6:23 Bonus tracks on CD reissue: "Straight, No Chaser" (Monk) - 9:10 "Example Seventy Eight" - 6:01 Recorded on September 7, 1966 (#4-8) and September 27, 1966 (#3) and September 28, 1966 (#1, 2). Personnel Tracks 1-3 Oliver Nelson - soprano saxophone, arranger, conductor John Audino, Bobby Bryant (#1-2), Conte Candoli, Ollie Mitchell, Al Porcino (#3) - trumpet Mike Barone, Billy Byers (#3), Richard Leith, Dick Noel (#1-2), Ernie Tack - trombone Bill Hinshaw, Richard Perissi - French horn Red Callender - tuba Gabe Baltazar - alto saxophone, clarinet, alto flute Bill Green - piccolo, flute, alto flute, alto saxophone Plas Johnson - tenor saxophone, bass clarinet, flute, alto flute Bill Perkins - tenor saxophone, bass clarinet, flute, alto flute Jack Nimitz - baritone saxophone, bass clarinet Mike Melvoin - piano Ray Brown – bass Shelly Manne – drums Recorded in Hollywood Tracks 4-8 Oliver Nelson - soprano saxophone Steve Kuhn - piano Ron Carter – bass Grady Tate – drums Recorded in New York References Impulse! Records albums Oliver Nelson albums 1967 albums Albums produced by Bob Thiele Albums conducted by Oliver Nelson Albums arranged by Oliver Nelson
Penicillium pullum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. References pullum Fungi described in 2002
Schwabstraße station is a railway station in Stuttgart, Germany. It is located west of the city centre in Stuttgart-West district, along Rotebühlstraße at the intersection with Schwabstraße. The station originally formed the terminus of the first section of the Connection line (), the original underground section of the Stuttgart S-Bahn. Several lines of the S-Bahn terminate at the station. It is notable for a 1.5 km long loop at the end of the station to allow S-Bahn trains to turn around. History Schwabstraße station was built in the course of the construction of the Stuttgart S-Bahn in the mid-1970s. The station was built using excavation from the surface and mining techniques for the terminal loop. Its construction proved to be very difficult. The shell was completed in December 1977 and in 1978 the first section of the Connection line began operating to Schwabstraße. In 1985, the line was extended to the southwest to Stuttgart University station at the University of Stuttgart. Station The station is between 11 and 27 m below the street surface, lying 6 to 8 metres below the water table. It has a gradient of 1.6 per thousand. The station has an island platform with two platform edges. Platform track 1 serves trains towards University station and trains terminating at Schwabstraße. Track 2 serves trains running towards Stuttgart Central station. Accesses to the platforms are at either end of the platform. At the western end of the platform the tracks to the turning loop separate from the through tracks towards Universität. Terminal loop The station has an unusual operational feature, a turning loop. It runs completely underground and contains a siding for a full train. The depth of the ground covering the tunnel ranges from 17 m near the platforms to 80 m at its western end near the former Stuttgart West station. Given the number of trains using the line, a return loop was found to have a higher economic return than simple terminating tracks despite the higher construction costs. Excavation of the loop began on 7 October 1974 and the construction of the junction structures and the first 60 m sections of the two single-track tunnel tubes of the Hasenberg Tunnels towards the Stuttgart–Horb railway. The actual connection to the Stuttgart–Horb railway was built in 1979 and went into operation in 1985. The front of the terminal loop is in leached Gipskeuper rock. Because this is fragile and the depth of rock is low, the rock above the tunnel roof was made stable by freezing it. There was a geological problem as the back of the terminal loop was situated in Gipskeuper layers containing anhydrite, which swell strongly when in contact with water, which is inevitable in a tunnel, and create strong forces on the sides of the tunnel. Accordingly, the inner shell of the tunnel is up to 1 m thick. The tunnel section has an inner diameter of 6.70 m on single-track sections and 9.80 m on two-track sections. The radius of the loop is 190 m and its length is 1,500 m. Operations The station's abbreviation is TSS. The station is in the fare zone of the Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart (transport and tariff association of Stuttgart). The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. S-Bahn References External links Schwabstrasse Railway stations in Germany opened in 1978 Schwabstrasse
Some toilet roll holders or dispensers allow the toilet paper to hang in front of (over) or behind (under) the roll when it is placed parallel to the wall. This divides opinions about which orientation is better. Arguments range from aesthetics, hospitality, ease of access, and cleanliness, to paper conservation, ease of detaching sheets, and compatibility with pets. The US advice column Ask Ann Landers reported that the subject was the most controversial issue in the column's history and, at 15,000 letters in 1986, provoked the highest number of responses. The case study of "toilet paper orientation" has been used as a teaching tool in instructing sociology students in the practice of social constructionism. Arguments The main reasons given by people to explain why they hang their toilet paper a given way are ease of grabbing and habit. The over position reduces the risk of accidentally brushing the wall or cabinet with one's knuckles, potentially transferring grime and germs; makes it easier to visually locate and to grasp the loose end; gives the option to fold over the last sheet to show that the room has been cleaned; and is generally the intended direction of viewing for the manufacturer's branding, so patterned toilet paper looks better this way. The under position provides a tidier appearance, in that the loose end can be more hidden from view; reduces the risk of a toddler or a house pet such as a cat unrolling the toilet paper when batting at the roll; and in a recreational vehicle may reduce unrolling during driving. Partisans have claimed that each method makes it easier to tear the toilet paper on a perforated sheet boundary. The over position is shown in illustrations with the first patents for a free-hanging toilet-roll holders, issued in 1891. Various toilet paper dispensers are available which avoid the question of over or under orientation; for example, single sheet dispensers, jumbo roll dispensers in which the toilet roll is perpendicular to the wall, and twin roll dispensers. Swivelling toilet paper dispensers have been developed which allow the paper to be unrolled in either direction. Public opinion In various surveys, around 70% of people prefer the over position. In a survey of 1,000 Americans, Cottonelle found that "overs" are more likely than "unders" to notice a roll's direction (74 percent), to be annoyed when the direction is "incorrect" (24 percent), and to have flipped the direction at a friend's home (27 percent). According to W. C. Privy's Original Bathroom Companion, Number 2, "By more than 4 to 1, older folks prefer to have their toilet paper dispense over the front." The same claim is made by James Buckley's The Bathroom Companion for people older than 50. Toilet paper orientation is sometimes mentioned as a hurdle for married couples. The issue may also arise in businesses and public places. At the Amundsen–Scott Research Station at the South Pole, complaints have been raised over which way to install toilet paper. It is unclear if one orientation is more economical than the other. The Orange County Register attributes a claim to Planet Green that over saves on paper usage. Uses in social studies The case study of "toilet paper orientation" is an important teaching tool in instructing sociology students in the practice of social constructionism. In the article "Bathroom Politics: Introducing Students to Sociological Thinking from the Bottom Up", Eastern Institute of Technology sociology professor Edgar Alan Burns describes some reasons toilet paper politics is worthy of examination. On the first day of Burns' introductory course in sociology, he asks his students, "Which way do you think a roll of toilet paper should hang?" In the following fifty minutes, the students examine why they picked their answers, exploring the social construction of "rules and practices which they have never consciously thought about before". Burns' activity has been adopted by a social psychology course at the University of Notre Dame, where it is used to illustrate the principles of Berger and Luckmann's 1966 classic The Social Construction of Reality. Christopher Peterson, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, classifies the choice of toilet paper orientation under "tastes, preferences, and interests" as opposed to either values or "attitudes, traits, norms, and needs". Other personal interests include one's favorite cola or baseball team. Interests are an important part of identity; one expects and prefers that different people have different interests, which serves one's "sense of uniqueness". Differences in interests usually lead at most to teasing and gentle chiding. For most people, interests do not cause the serious divisions caused by conflicts of values; a possible exception is what Peterson calls "the 'get a life' folks among us" who elevate interests into moral issues. Morton Ann Gernsbacher, a professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, compares the orientation of toilet paper to the orientation of cutlery in a dishwasher, the choice of which drawer in a chest of drawers to place one's socks, and the order of shampooing one's hair and lathering one's body in the shower. In each choice, there is a prototypical solution chosen by the majority, and it is tempting to offer simplistic explanations of how the minority must be different. She warns that neuroimaging experiments—which as of 2007 were beginning to probe behaviors from mental rotation and facial expressions to grocery shopping and tickling—must strive to avoid such cultural bias and stereotypes. In his book Conversational Capital, Bertrand Cesvet gives toilet paper placement as an example of ritualized behavior—one of the ways designers and marketers can create a memorable experience around a product that leads to word-of-mouth momentum. Cesvet's other examples include shaking a box of Tic Tacs and dissecting Oreo cookies. Notes References Bibliography Further reading Toilet paper Orientation (geometry) Interpersonal conflict Surveys (human research)
Susan Tully (born 20 October 1967) is an English actress, television producer, and television director. Her most prominent television acting roles were those of rebellious teenager Suzanne Ross in Grange Hill and single mother Michelle Fowler in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Tully played one of the original EastEnders characters, appearing in the first episode on 19 February 1985 and remaining central to the series until 1995. She then gave up acting in favour of working behind the camera, and since then has directed and produced British television programmes. Early life Tully's father was a watch-case maker, and her mother a housewife. Tully was brought up on a London council estate. While at school in Barnsbury, Islington, she took up acting as a hobby and attended the Anna Scher children's theatre, which began a fast track into television work. Career Acting At the age of nine Tully hosted the live television children's programme Our Show and later worked on The Saturday Banana with Bill Oddie. She was cast in the BBC children's television serial Grange Hill. She played schoolgirl Suzanne Ross for three years (1981–1984). At the age of 17, Tully secured a major role in the BBC's new soap opera EastEnders. She played Michelle Fowler from the show's inception in 1985 to 1995. During her time on the show, her character became pregnant at the age of 16 after having an affair with the 39-year-old adulterer Den Watts. In December 2016, EastEnders recast the role of Michelle Fowler to actress Jenna Russell after Tully repeatedly turned down offers to return. The show's executive producer at the time, Sean O'Connor, has said that Tully gave her blessing for the recast to take place. Directing and producing In the late 1990s, Tully began concentrating on directing for television (credited as "Sue Tully"). Personal life Tully is a supporter of the Meningitis Trust and she has also been involved in the Comic Relief fundraising event. She is a close friend of Letitia Dean, who played her best friend Sharon Watts in EastEnders. Tully was a bridesmaid at Dean's wedding to Jason Pethers in 2002. References External links 1967 births Living people Actresses from London Alumni of the Anna Scher Theatre School English television actresses English soap opera actresses English television directors British women television directors People from Highgate English child actresses
The 2013–14 SIJHL season was the 13th season of the Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL). The seven teams of the SIJHL played 56-game schedules. Come February, the top teams of the league will play down for the Bill Salonen Cup, the SIJHL championship. The winner of the Bill Salonen Cup will compete in the Central Canadian Junior "A" championship, the Dudley Hewitt Cup. If successful against the winners of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League, the champion would then move on to play in the Canadian Junior Hockey League championship, the 2014 Royal Bank Cup. Changes Sioux Lookout Flyers do not return. Wisconsin Wilderness leave for North American Hockey League. Expansion granted to English River Miners of Ear Falls, Ontario. Expansion granted to Wisconsin Wilderness of Spooner, Wisconsin. Current Standings Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OTL = Overtime losses; SL = Shootout losses; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; PTS = Points; x = clinched playoff berth; y = clinched division title; z = clinched conference title Teams listed on the official league website. Standings listed on official league website. 2014 Bill Salonen Cup Playoffs Super Series Winner gets choice of opponent in semi-finals. Two-game goal total series. If a draw after two games, the series goes to sudden death shootout. Playoff results are listed on the official league website. Dudley Hewitt Cup Championship Hosted by the Wellington Dukes in Wellington, Ontario. Fort Frances Lakers represented the SIJHL and lost in the semi-final. Round Robin Toronto Lakeshore Patriots (OJHL) 4 - Fort Frances Lakers 1 Wellington Dukes (OJHL) 3 - Fort Frances Lakers 0 Fort Frances Lakers 6 - Kirkland Lake Gold Miners (NOJHL) 3 Semi-final Toronto Lakeshore Patriots (OJHL) 6 - Fort Frances Lakers 0 Scoring leaders Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes Leading goaltenders Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses: OTL = Overtime losses; SL = Shootout losses; GA = Goals Allowed; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average Players selected in 2014 NHL Entry Draft To be decided after season concludes. Awards Player of the Year - Daniel Del Paggio (Thunder Bay) Goalie of the Year - Eric Mann (Thunder Bay) Defenceman of the Year - Austin Frank (Minnesota) Rookie of the Year - Lucas Debenedet (Fort Frances) Most Improved Player - Mason Meyer (Fort Frances) Most Sportsmanlike Player - Matthias Gardiman (Thunder Bay) Best Defensive Forward - Jonathon Losurdo (Minnesota) Coach of the Year - Wayne Strachan (Fort Frances) First All-Star Team - Lucas Debenedet (Fort Frances), Mason Meyer (Fort Frances), Daniel Del Paggio (Thunder Bay), Cody Wickstrom (Fort Frances), Austin Frank (Minnesota), Eric Mann (Fort Frances) Second All-Star Team - Lyndon Lipinski (Fort Frances), Matthias Gardiman (Thunder Bay), Zach Grzelewski (Thunder Bay), Tim Kavanaugh (Dryden), Tim Cavar (Thunder Bay), Jordan Cartney (Fort Frances) See also 2014 Royal Bank Cup Dudley Hewitt Cup Ontario Junior Hockey League Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League 2013 in ice hockey 2014 in ice hockey References External links Official website of the Superior International Junior Hockey League Official website of the Canadian Junior Hockey League Superior International Junior Hockey League seasons SIJHL SIJHL
Shen Weiwei (born 31 July 1980) is a Chinese fencer. She competed in the women's individual and team épée events at the 2004 Summer Olympics. References 1980 births Living people Chinese female fencers Olympic fencers for China Fencers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Nantong Fencers from Jiangsu Asian Games medalists in fencing Fencers at the 1998 Asian Games Fencers at the 2002 Asian Games Asian Games gold medalists for China Asian Games silver medalists for China Asian Games bronze medalists for China Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games 21st-century Chinese women
Boé (; ) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in southwestern France. It stands on the voie verte cycle path along the Canal de Garonne. Geography The Séoune forms part of the commune's eastern border, then flows into the Garonne, which forms the commune's southeastern and southwestern borders. Population See also Communes of the Lot-et-Garonne department References Communes of Lot-et-Garonne
Start School Later, aka Healthy Hours, is a non-profit organization in the United States. Founded in 2011 after Maryland-based science writer Terra Ziporyn Snider started an online petition via We the People that brought together grassroots advocates, sleep researchers, pediatricians, social workers, and educators, the coalition aims to help communities delay school starting times; ensure safe, healthy school hours; and provide sleep education programs for students and school communities. Start School Later currently has 137 volunteer-led chapters in 3 countries, 31 US states and Washington, D.C., has been featured in Beme, The Huffington Post, and Psychiatric News, and has received media coverage and editorial support in publications including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, NPR, BBC Brasil, WGBH, and The Washington Post. In 2013 U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan tweeted his support for later high school start times, and since 2014 the American Academy of Pediatrics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Medical Association, the Society of Behavioral Medicine, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, and the American Association of Sleep Technologists have issued policy statements recommending that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. In 2019 it sponsored with the California State PTA, the first US statewide legislation explicitly designed to protect and recognize the importance of adolescent sleep health by aligning secondary school hours with the substantial body of scientific evidence regarding adolescent sleep needs and timing. In April 2017, Start School Later - together with the RAND Corporation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and Yale School of Medicine's Department of Pediatrics and Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine - co-sponsored the first-ever national conference on Adolescent Sleep, Health, and School Start Times. In 2019, legislation co-sponsored by Start School Later and the California State PTA made California the first state in the nation to set a floor on how early middle and high schools can require attendance. In 2021, Start School Later received the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation's Sleep Champion Award References External links Non-profit organizations based in Maryland Organizations established in 2011 Sleep
Faustyna Kotłowska (born 24 March 2001) is a Polish Paralympic athlete who competes in discus throw, javelin throw and shot put events in international level events. Personal life Kotłowska sustained a serious leg injury in March 2016 when she was involved in an accident. She wears a prosthetic when participating in sporting events. References 2001 births Living people People from Kościerzyna Paralympic athletes for Poland Polish female discus throwers Polish female javelin throwers Polish female shot putters Medalists at the World Para Athletics European Championships Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Paralympics 21st-century Polish sportswomen Athletes from Pomeranian Voivodeship
Syed Shah Ata Hussain Fani Chishti (1816–1893), popularly known as Khwaja-e-Bihar was an Indian Sufi saint of the Chisti Order. He was the first Sufi to go into the completely non-Muslim locality of Gaya and spread Islam. He was also a writer, poet, linguist, and orator. He died as the Ghaus, which is the highest degree of spirituality a Sufi could attain in his time. Biography Ata Hussain Fani Chishti was born as Syed Shah Abdul Razzak in 1816 into a pious family of saints of the Chisti Order at the home of his maternal grandfather, Khanqah Qadria Mannania, in Patna City, Bihar, India. He was raised by his father Sultan Ahmed Shaheed until he was 10 years old. After his father's death, his paternal grandfather Ghulam Hussain Danapuri raised him before dying at the age of 86, 9 years after being made the successor of the ancestral Khanqah. After his grandfather's death, Fani was nurtured by his maternal uncle Meer Qamruddin Husain Monami, with whom completed his worldly studies and spiritual teachings. Fani was awarded Khilafat-o-Ijazat (Ijazah) by him upon completion. Fani was the descendant of Muhammad al-Baqir. Final settlement Fani travelled to Mecca by foot when he was 28. The journey took a total of 5 years. He was allegedly ordered by Muhammad spiritually to go back to India to spread Islam and accept the responsibility as a Qutub of Gaya where he lived, died, and was buried. He reached Gaya in 1850 and arrived at the house of the district judge of Gaya, Syed Ashraf Hussain Sadrus Sudoor (who had already been shown the face of Shah-e-Ata in dreams and was told to welcome him wholeheartedly). Spiritual history He had ijaza of approximately seventy of the major orders of the world, including the famous orders of eastern India. He had orders from the fourteen major orders leading to Muhammad by all the major branches of the respective orders. He was originally in the Chistia Khizria Monamia order and completed his Sulook in Abulolaiya order from his uncle Syed Shah Qamruddin Monami. He also had great spiritual connections with Mohiuddin Abdul Qadir Jilani, Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Nizamuddin Auliya and Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri. Titles The most important of all the titles given to him is Abdul Razzaq by Muhammad when he went to Medina and was produced in front of Muhammad's court. Other titles are: Shah-e-Ata Qutb-e-Gaya Murshid-e-Aala Sarkar-e-Ata Hazrat-e-Fani Descendants Fani married a descendant of Maqdum-e-Jahan Syed Sharfuddin Yahya of Bihar Sharif. He had three children: one son and two daughters out of which only two carried the lineage forward. His son is remembered as Syed Shah Ghulam Qutubuddin Chishti. The succession of the Sajjada of his ancestral Khanqah has always been in his son's descendants. Only his son had the authority to offer the duties of the Sajjada nashin in his absence. Shah Qutubuddin Chishti was Fani's grandson. When he died his son became Fani's successor and since then the Sajjada nashin remained with the descendants of Shah Qutubuddin. Syed Shah Ghulam Qutubuddin Chishti He was the only son of Fani and was born in 1838. He became a murid of his father in the Chishti Order. He lived wholly in the company of his father and he gained all his education from him, enlightenment included. It was a culture among the pandas (a caste amongst Hindus who perform a type of worship for the peace of the soul of the dead) that a devotee gave them a horse or any animal to them after they perform the worship for the peace of their relatives' soul. He died in 1887 at the age of 49 and was survived by a son. Syed Shah Nezamuddin Chishti Monami He was the only child of Shah Qutubuddin. He was born in 1860. He wanted to become the murid of his paternal grandfather, Fani, but Fani ordered him to become a murid of his father instead. He had Khilafat (Ijazah) of all orders from both his father and grandfather. He attended Bankipur Engineering College at Patna and received a degree. Like his grandfather he was well-versed in all fields of education ranging from theology, history, Fiqh, engineering, Tib (Medical Science), Tassawwuf and jurisprudence. He became Fani's successor after the latter's death in 1889. After becoming the Sajjada nashin he went to the dargah of Moinuddin Chishti at Ajmer to pay his homage before starting a new chapter of his life as the Sajjada nashin of the ancestral Khanqah founded by Tajuddin delhvi, the murid and khalifa of Moinuddin Chishti. He died in 1904 at the age of 44. His first marriage was to the daughter of Shah Enayat Ali Maudidi, a descendant of Maudood Chishti, and he had a son named Syed Shah Hussainuddin Safi who became his successor. His second marriage was to the daughter of Akbar Danapuri-a great Abulolai Sufi, and had three more sons: Hafiz Hakeem Syed Shah Qayamuddin, Syed Shah Hesamuddin Chishti and Syed Shah Ehteshamuddin Chishti, as well as one daughter. Two of his sons, Shah Qayamuddin and Shah Ehteshamuddin, died in their youth. His daughter also died without bearing any sons to carry on his lineage. He was buried in his ancestral home at Danapur, Patna near the grave of his ancestors Syed-ul-Waseleen and Syed-ul-Majzubeen. Shah Hussainuddin Safi He was known as Syed Shah Hussainuddin Safi Chishti. He was the eldest son of Shah Nezamuddin Chishti. He was born in 1303 of the Islamic calendar. His initial education was completed in his maternal home at Sheikhpura. He became his father's murid in the Chishti Order and got the khilafat Ijazah of all the orders from his father. His spiritual teachings were initiated by his father. He became the Sajjada nashin of the ancestral Khanqah in 1904. The Khanqah flourished during his reign on the Sajjada. Everyone used to call him the exact copy of Shah-e-ata in every way. He took the charge of Darse Nezamia founded by his father, after his father's death. Apart from the traditional methods of the Khanqah of preaching, he instead opted for many modern methods of teaching. Halqae-Abulolaiya It was an organization for all Muslims. A programme that was organised on the 17th of every Islamic month. Speeches of different Ulema and Sufi were organized in the campus of Khanqah. This group also had the responsibility of the burial of anonymous dead bodies of Muslims. This group is still in existence and the present Sajjada nashin of the Khanqah is the Chief of this organisation. Matbua-Monamia Matbua-Monamia is a publication house that published different manuscripts preserved in the ancestral library of the Khanqah. It is the first publication house to be founded in Gaya. Hussainuddin published many books written by his ancestors, especially those written by Fani and his disciples. He authored many books, including the biography of many great Islamic personalities like Jalaluddin Tabrezi and Maqdum Munampak. He was the first to write the biography of Maqdum Munampak and Shah-e-ata. He also wrote travelogues. He was the first to write the history of Zahidia order in Bihar. He has also worked over Tasawwuf to a great extent. He added much to the Islamic literature in Bihar and to the literature of Munami Order. Hizbul-Foqra In the early 19th century Wahabism arrived in India and many groups had come up against Sunni Islam and especially against the Khanqah of that time. Hussainuddin founded a group of learned people and Islamic scholars who would fight against anti-Sunni activities rising in Bihar. He united the scholars, masters, Sufis of all orders and other khanqahs of Bihar. He died in 1939 at the age of 55 and left behind a son and daughter. He had three marriages. He did not have any children from his first wife. After the death of his first wife he married again and had children, but they all died in infancy and his second wife died soon after. His third marriage produced two children who have carried his lineage. His son, Amir-ul-Mashaiq Syed Shah Ghulam-e-Mustafa Ahmed Chishti is the present Sajjada nashin of the Khanqah. He had thousands of disciples and khalifa all over the Indian sub-continent who have carried his spiritual teachings forward. Shah Hesamuddin Chishti Born in 1899, he was the third son of Shah Nezamuddin Chishti. He received his education at Dars-e-Nezamia on the Khanqah campus and from his eldest brother, Shah Hussainuddin Safi. He became a disciple of his brother in the Chishti Order. The master awarded him Khilafat Ijazah of all the orders after completing all of his spiritual teachings. He was serving as the Chief librarian of the Jamia Millia Islamia when Hussainuddin called him in 1938 to give him all the responsibilities of the Khanqah. He was a very immaculate and soft-spoken person. He left for Pakistan in 1958 after making his nephew, the son of Shah Hussainuddin Safi the new Sajjada nashin of the Khanqah. He had two marriages. He had one daughter from the first marriage, and six children (one son and five daughters) from the second marriage. He died in 1992, at the age of 93, and is buried in Yaseenabad graveyard, Azizabad, Karachi. Amir-ul-Mashaiq Syed Shah Ghulam-e-Mustafa Ahmed Chishti He was born on 14 December 1936. When Amir-ul-Mashaiq was two and a half years old, his father died. Before his death, Shah Hussainuddin Safi put the ancestral cap of the Sajjada nashin on his head, and announced him as his successor and the heir of all his personal and ancestral belongings of the Khanqah. Amir-ul-Mashaiq served as the Sajjada nashin of the Khanqah for 54 years. He died on 30 January 2012. His funeral rites took place on the following day after the nemaz of Asr. His mausoleum is erected just adjacent to Fani, as the location of the tomb was revealed to the eldest grandson of Amir-ul-Mashaiq. He had thousands of disciples all over India, Pakistan, and the USA, and he also had many khalifas all over India. He was married to a descendant of Abdul-Qadir Gilani, the eldest daughter of Hakeem Abdur-Rahim Qadri, Amjhar Sharif, Aurangabad, Bihar. He had three sons and eight daughters. Each Sufi of Gaya learned spiritual lessons from him, which earned him the name Amir-ul-Mashaiq (the master of all masters). Disciples It is believed by his followers that he had approximately 60,000 disciples all over Asia. Many of them went on to become successful Sufi of their time. A few are listed below. Razzaqi order Since Shah-e-Ata was given the title of Abdul Razzaq his disciples and Sufis of his order proudly wrote themselves as Sufis of Razzaqi order. Thus the Razzaqi Order came into existence. Notable disciples One major reason for the loss of information regarding many of his Khalifas was that it was lost during India's First War of Independence in 1857. The second cause was when the Wahhabi extremists formed Saudi Arabia and Sufis had to leave that region. Shah-e-Ata's Khulfas and their successors in the Middle East went out of touch and could not be traced after that. Much information regarding Sufis of the Razzaqi order was lost during the Partition of India in 1947. So much less information regarding the disciples and Sufis of the order of Shah-e-Ata is available. Some information has been recovered from the book of Shahe-e-Ata, Kaifya-tul-Aarfeen wa Nisbatul Aasheqeen, which was published twice, once during the life of the author and again in the life of his great-grandson, Shah Hussainuddin Safi. Many other Sufis who are the successors of the disciples of Shah-e-Ata have been tracked down since 1970 and have become an important source of information regarding the Razzaqi order and the history of Razzaqi order in different parts of Asia. Only the most famous Sufis are listed below, whose orders are still present by means of any living Sufi and as long as their successors are still in touch with the successors of Shah-e-Ata. Syed Shah Qazi Mazahir Imam He was the most loved disciple of Shah-e-ata. Initially he was hesitant to become a disciple of any Sufi master, (though he wanted Shah-e-ata to be his master), as his father was also the disciple of Shah-e-ata. Shah-e-ata used to say that "it seems that you are very hesitant to accept oath so i will have to take your oath forcefully". The words of Shah-e-ata became true. Qazi Mazahir was an immaculately beautiful person with a charismatic personality. He was once listening to Sema in the Manpur locality of Gaya district and a man who was looking for a Pir after completion of all his studies came to him respectfully and requested him to make him his disciple. Qazi Mazahir said,"I am still not associated with any of the Tariqah (orders) how can i make you my murid?". Qazi Mazahir kept on repeating himself, but the stranger was very firm about his commitment. At last Hazra Qazi Mazahir Imam went to Shah-e-ata to become his disciple. When he entered the Khanqah Shah-e-ata was sitting on the Sajjada, waiting for him. Shah-e-ata had already taken out the Shijra (the chain depicting the name of all the Sufis in the order) and signed the Khilafatnama (a certificate giving permission to the disciple to propagate the order further) to be given to him. When he became the murid of Shah-e-ata he would to visit his master in the Khanqah everyday on foot, covering a distance of five to seven kilometers across mountain and rivers. He died in 1942 and was buried in the Abgila locality of Gaya. He founded his own Khanqah which is famous as Khanqah mazahirya and is still in existence. He had three sons: Qazi Maqbool Imam, Qazi Waris Imam, and Qazi Jalil Imam. His youngest son died in 1992. The orders of his eldest and youngest son are no longer in existence, but the order of his second son and many of his Caliph is still present. Syed Shah Qazi Najam Imam Chishti Monami Hifzullah is the grandson of Qazi Maqbool Imam-the eldest son of Qazi Mazahir Imam Rahmatullah and the present Sajjadanasheen of Khanqah Mazahirya founded by Qazi Mazahir Imam Rahmatullah. He has Khilafat (Ijazah) from Qazi Waris Imam Rahmatullah (the second son of Qazi Mazahir Imam Rahmatullah). Syed Shah Nudrat Hussain Burdawani He was already the Sajjada nashin of his ancestral Khanqah established at Burdwan, West Bengal. He was ordered spiritually from his ancestors to go to Gaya and become the Fani's disciple. He wrote the Malfoozat (sayings of a Sufi) of Fani in forty lessons. After completing his sulook he went to Burdwan. After his death he was buried in his own Khanqah at Burdwan, West Bengal. See also Wali Kirani Sufism References Further reading Ata Hussain Fani, (1930). "Kaifya-tul-Aarfeen Nisbatul Aasheqeen", "Al Maktab-e-Monamia". Ata Hussain Fani, (1883). "Kanz-ul-Ansaab", the Syeds of Bihar, "Matbua Haidari Safdari", Mumbai. Ata Hussain Fani, (1876). "Masnavi Sirr-e-Haq","Matbua Navalkishor", Lucknow. Sheikh Hussainuddin, (1937). "Tazkira-e-Fani", the life and times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, "Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia". Syed Muhammad Sabahuddin Monami, (2000), "Zikr-e-Ata", the precise biography of Shah-e-Ata, "Maktaba-e-Ataiya". Dr. Ata Khursheed, (2004). "Safarnama-e-Haj 'Syed Ata Hussain Fani'", Aligarh Muslim University, research unit, AMU. Qamar Aazam Hashmi, (1969). "Bihar mein Urdu savaneh nigari", "Patna Printers". Akhtar Orenvi, (1971). "Bihar mein Urdu Nasr ka Irtaqa", "Patna Book Trust". Ahmedullah Nadvi, (1974). "Muslim Shorae Bihar(Vol.4)", "Karanchi Offsets". People from British India Indian Sufi saints Chishti Order 1810 births 1889 deaths People from Patna Chishtis 19th-century Indian Muslims Indian Sunni Muslims Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam People from Gaya, India
Roelf Vos (1921 – 2 December 1992) was a Dutch Australian businessman who established a supermarket chain carrying his name initially in Launceston, and later throughout northern Tasmania. The equivalent in the south of the state was Purity Supermarkets established by Engel Sypkes. Born and raised in the Netherlands, he was involved in the resistance during the second world war. He migrated with his wife and children to Australia in 1951 where he initially worked as a labourer on a wage of $19. In 1954 he opened a gift store in Deloraine followed shortly afterwards by another in George Town. Around 1958, he rented a small shop in Launceston, a milk bar which he converted into northern Tasmania's first self-service grocery store. By 1969, he was operating eight supermarkets in Launceston, each with a car park and a combined turnover in 1969 of $3,500,000. In December 1969 he purchased two Moran & Cato shops in Ulverstone and Devonport for $250,000, and was hoping to open two new shops, one of which in Burnie. He ultimately had thirteen supermarkets employing 500 people. In 1982, after he suffered two heart attacks, the supermarket operations were sold to Woolworths, which continued to trade under the Vos name for 20 years. Vos went on to establish the Grindelwald resort in Tasmania, modelled on Grindelwald in Switzerland. The Vos family retained ownership of the properties, including two shopping centres in the north and north west of Tasmania. They were rebranded as Woolworths in the early 2000s. At the time of the final loss of the Roelf Vos name, the stores in Launceston included a CBD store (Wellington Street), as well as Newstead, Kings Meadows, Prospect Vale, Riverside and Newnham. The CBD Wellington Street and Newstead stores are now Coles supermarkets, and the Newnham store has closed and is now a City Mission charity store. The final store to be built under the Roelf Vos name was the Legana store, just north of Launceston. Only opening in 2000, a fitting final store being only a 5 minute drive from Grindelwald. Roelf Vos supermarkets were colloquially referred to as Vossie's in Tasmania. See also Woolworths Frequent Shopper Club References 1921 births 1992 deaths Dutch emigrants to Australia People from Launceston, Tasmania Australian grocers
The 1984 British Speedway Championship was the 24th edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 20 June at Brandon in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Kenny Carter, with Andy Grahame edging out Dave Jessup for second place. Final 20 June 1984 Brandon Stadium, Coventry British Under 21 final Marvyn Cox won the British Speedway Under 21 Championship. The final was held at Kingsmead Stadium on 2 June. See also British Speedway Championship 1984 Individual Speedway World Championship References British Speedway Championship Great Britain
```java package mega.privacy.android.app.main.megachat; public class ChatItemPreferences { String chatHandle = ""; String writtenText = ""; String editedMsgId = ""; public ChatItemPreferences(String chatHandle, String writtenText) { this.chatHandle = chatHandle; this.writtenText = writtenText; this.editedMsgId = ""; } public ChatItemPreferences(String chatHandle, String writtenText, String editedMsgId) { this.chatHandle = chatHandle; this.writtenText = writtenText; this.editedMsgId = editedMsgId; } public String getChatHandle() { return chatHandle; } public void setChatHandle(String chatHandle) { this.chatHandle = chatHandle; } public String getWrittenText() { return writtenText; } public void setWrittenText(String writtenText) { this.writtenText = writtenText; } public String getEditedMsgId() { return editedMsgId; } public void setEditedMsgId(String editedMsgId) { this.editedMsgId = editedMsgId; } } ```
Ligue Interzone de hockey mineur BC Rive Nord is an ice hockey league Based in the Quebec Metropolitan Area. It regroups many levels of hockey from Atom to Junior. It has two junior levels, Junior "A" (Junior "C" Canada-Wide) and Junior "B" (Junior "D" Canada-Wide). List of common cities/teams in the Junior leagues Beauport (Éperviers, Faucons, Harfangs Charlesbourg (Caribous, Élans) Québec (Béliers, Boucs, Montcalm, Patriotes, Radisson) Sainte-Foy/Sillery (Gouverneurs) Ancienne-Lorette (Mustang) Valcartier/Val-Bélair (Chevaliers) Cap-Rouge/Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (Royaux) Donnacona/Pont-Rouge (Diablos) Saint-Raymond (Lynx) Montmagny (Alliés) Bellechasse (Sénateurs) Lévis (Commandeurs) Chaudière-Etchemins (Éclaireurs) Chaudière-Ouest (Husky) Beauce-Nord (Rapides) Lotbinières (Seigneurs) Côte-de-Beaupré/Île d'Orléans (-) Ice hockey leagues in Quebec
Death Warmed Up (released in the Philippines as Dr. Evil: Part II) is a 1984 New Zealand science fiction horror splatter zombie film directed by David Blyth. It stars Michael Hurst, Margaret Umbers and Gary Day. The film's plot centres around a young man named Michael Tucker (Hurst) seeking revenge against a mad scientist (Day), who years earlier caused him to kill his parents because he is creating zombies. Plot As a child, Michael Tucker (Michael Hurst) is used as a test subject for mind control drugs developed by evil scientist Dr. Howell (Gary Day), which cause him to unwittingly kill his parents. After spending seven years in a mental institution for the murders, Michael, his girlfriend Sandy (Margaret Umbers) and his two friends Jeannie (Norelle Scott) and Lucas (William Upjohn) use Michael's car, a black 1963 Ford Fairlane 500, to set out on a trip to a remote island on which Dr. Howell's clinic is located. Desperate for revenge, Michael is determined to infiltrate the scientist's base and kill him with no mercy. After tracking him down, he kills Howell's mob of mind controlled slaves who are both zombies, but in the resulting mayhem both Jeannie and Lucas are both killed. At last Michael proceeds to brutally kill Howell after repeatedly stabbing him in the stomach with a knife. After escaping from the clinic, Michael and Sandy return to their holiday home, only to discover that it caught fire. When Michael steps out to investigate the damage, he is struck by a falling electrical line and is electrocuted to death, leaving Sandy alone weeping over the loss of him as she's overcome with grief and starting to run. Cast Release and response The film won the Grand Prix award at the 1984 Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film. Despite this, general reception to Death Warmed Up was mixed. Some of the covers of Death Warmed Up show a brain surgeon who is a skeleton who is about to use a hypodermic needle and a surgical knife to operate on the brain of a girl which doesn't represent any scene of the film. In the Philippines, the film was released as Dr. Evil: Part II on May 1, 1987. Banning in Australia In 1985, the film was banned by the Australian Classification Board due to excessive violence. A censored version was later released. References External links Death Warmed Up on Rotten Tomatoes 1984 films 1984 horror films 1980s English-language films 1980s exploitation films 1980s science fiction horror films Body horror films Films set in New Zealand Films shot in New Zealand New Zealand science fiction horror films New Zealand splatter films
Michael Billington (24 December 1941 – 3 June 2005) was a British film and television actor. He was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England. Career Television In 1966 Billington appeared in Incident at Vichy at the Phoenix Theatre in London, but was best known for his role as Colonel Paul Foster in the 1970 science fiction TV series UFO and for creating the character of Daniel Fogarty from 1971 to 1974 in the historical drama The Onedin Line. He also appeared as Sergeant Jacko Jackson of the Royal Wessex Rangers in the series Spearhead and as Czar Nicholas II in the ITV drama series Edward the Seventh (1975). He played gangster John Coogan in one episode ("The Rack") of The Professionals. Billington lived in the U.S. from around 1979 until 1985. Although he had some good roles, notably as Count Louis Dardinay in The Quest (1982), he did not reach the same level of success as he had in Britain. Billington's last major TV role came in the 1986 BBC drama The Collectors, but his final appearance was in an episode of early 1990s TV series Maigret as a villain. Film He was screen-tested for the role of James Bond more than any other actor, and was said to have been Albert R. Broccoli's first choice had Roger Moore not been available (see: 1981's For Your Eyes Only). Billington did a photo shoot for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and met the film's director Peter Hunt. He was also screen-tested for Live and Let Die (1973), Moonraker (1979) and Octopussy (1983). His one Bond screen appearance was in the pre-title sequence of 1977's The Spy Who Loved Me, playing Agent XXX's ill-fated lover, Sergei Barsov. His other film credits included Alfred the Great (1969) and KGB: The Secret War (1985). Personal life Billington was married to Katherine Kristoff (1956-1998) from 1988 to 1998. They had a son Michael. He died of cancer in 2005 at the age of 63. Filmography References External links Obituary: The Guardian Obituary: The Independent 1941 births 2005 deaths Deaths from cancer in England English male film actors English male stage actors English male television actors Actors from Blackburn Male actors from Lancashire
Sharon Balaban () is an Israel artist. She creates short videos, from several seconds to 6 minutes. Early life and education Balaban was born in Jerusalem, Israel. She graduated from Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem in 1999 and she finished her Master of Fine Arts at The City University of New York in 2003. Work Balaban's short films represent objects and scenes from our own lives, from dish soap and pot cleaning to brushing teeth. She usually changes the original meanings of objects in order to present her concepts (Water flowing from tap resembles the luminous nude female, the peal of banana is a bird and dead bird flaps its wings). Her videos are whimsical and poetic. She aims to bring politics into her works indirectly, and uses household objects to create a discussion about gender roles and the place of the woman in the house, using video recording can manage to express her language. She said in a 2014 interview:“Art deals with the everyday, with consumerism, and art galleries upgrade the objects they exhibit – both in terms of the place and the price,” Balaban's works are mostly made at home or studio instead of outdoor shoots. Objects, close-ups, body fragments, and nature are frequently used in her works. They also frequently employ simple techniques, short videos, ambient lighting and no scenography. Balaban has presented her works in solo and group exhibitions in Israel, the US, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, and the Czech Republic. Currently, She lives and works as a head of The Video Unit at the Screen based arts department at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem. Awards and recognition Gesher Foundation Award for Jerusalem, Wildlife Diary, 2008 Israeli Ministry of Culture – Encouragement of Creation Award, 2008 Ministry of Culture – Young Artist Award, 2004 Israeli Ministry of Immigration & Absorption – Returning Artist Scholarship (Cum Laude), 2003 The America – Israel Cultural Foundation Scholarship Award for Artistic Achievement, 1998-2004 Foundation for the Advancement of Interdisciplinary Art Award in Memory of Dan Zakheim, 1999 References Israeli video artists Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design alumni Living people 1971 births
Sanna Savolainen is a Finnish ski-orienteering competitor. She won silver medal in the short distance at the 1994 World Ski Orienteering Championships. See also Finnish orienteers List of orienteers List of orienteering events References Finnish orienteers Female orienteers Ski-orienteers Year of birth missing (living people) Living people
The Capital District Islanders were a team in the American Hockey League based in Troy, New York, which is located within a region popularly called the Capital District. The Islanders were the principal minor league affiliate of the National Hockey League's New York Islanders during the 1990–91, 1991–92 and 1992–93 seasons. The Islanders were born out of an effort to coax an AHL team into Albany's newly built Knickerbocker Arena. However, the Adirondack Red Wings, based in Glens Falls, had long claimed the Capital District as part of its home territory, and initially refused to allow an AHL expansion team to play in Albany. Those plans changed when the International Hockey League expanded eastward out of its Great Lakes stronghold to move the Fort Wayne Komets to Knickerbocker Arena as the Albany Choppers. By this time, the IHL had firmly established itself as the AHL's equal, and the AHL was unnerved by this encroachment into its Northeastern heartland. It sought to sabotage the Choppers by locating another team in the Albany area. It hastily granted an expansion team to a group headed by one of the suitors for an Albany AHL franchise, car dealer Michael Cantanucci. The new team would play at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's Houston Field House on its Troy campus. It quickly secured an affiliation with the NHL Islanders, bringing with them most of the players who had been on the Calder Cup champion Springfield Indians the previous year. In the ensuing price and attendance wars, the Choppers folded midseason. The Islanders' best record was in the 1992–93 season, when the team finished 34-34-12 for third place in its division and a playoff berth. Among the team's notable players were Greg Parks, its leading career scorer in only one and a half seasons; forwards Richard Kromm and Brent Grieve, defensemen Dennis Vaske, Jeff Finley and Dean Chynoweth and goaltender Danny Lorenz. In 1993, Cantanucci sold the franchise to local insurance magnate Albert Lawrence. Lawrence renamed the team the Albany River Rats, changed its affiliation to the New Jersey Devils, and moved the team to Albany's Knickerbocker Arena, the same arena in which the Albany Choppers played in 1990. The current AHL affiliation of the New York Islanders is the Bridgeport Islanders. Season-by-season results Regular season Playoffs References Ice hockey teams in New York (state) Defunct American Hockey League teams Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States Ice hockey clubs established in 1990 Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 1993 Sports in Rensselaer County, New York Defunct sports clubs and teams in New York (state) New York Islanders minor league affiliates 1990 establishments in New York (state) 1993 disestablishments in New York (state) Troy, New York
Maryinka () is a rural locality (a village) in Penkinskoye Rural Settlement, Kameshkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2010. Geography Maryinka is located 63 km south of Kameshkovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pirogovo is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Kameshkovsky District
Persac () is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. See also Communes of the Vienne department References Communes of Vienne
Cycling Action Network (CAN) is a national cycling advocacy group founded in November 1996 in Wellington, New Zealand. They lobby government, local authorities, businesses and the community on behalf of cyclists, for a better cycling environment. It aims to achieve a better cycling environment for cycling as transport. Major initiatives are the annual Cycle Friendly Awards and support for a biennial Cycling Conference. The organisation was originally named Cycling Advocates' Network until 2015. Goals CAN's goals are: Promote integrated cycle planning Promote the benefits of cycling Improve safety Encourage the creation of a good cycling environment Develop cycle advocacy and cycle action Activities NZ Cycling Conference CAN has made a major contribution to the establishment and ongoing success of the NZ Cycling Conference series (15 October 1997, Hamilton; 14–15 July 2000, Palmerston North; 21–22 September 2001, Christchurch; 10–11 October 2003, North Shore; 14–15 October 2005 Hutt City; 1–2 November 2007, Napier; 12–13 November 2009, New Plymouth); February 2012 Hastings. Cycle Friendly Awards Since 2003, CAN has been organising the annual Cycle Friendly Awards, celebrating initiatives to promote cycling and create a cycle-friendly environment at both a national and local level in New Zealand. The event has since received public recognition, with government representatives attending the award ceremonies. Chainlinks Chainlinks is the magazine of the NZ Cycling Action Network (CAN), which is published three times a year as an electronic newsletter. About a 1000 copies are distributed to members of CAN and a number of supporting organisations such as local government authorities and cycling industry organisations. Published since 1997, until 2015 it was a full-colour paper magazine, whose back issues are available online. Association with other groups CAN is the parent organisation for some 20 local cycling advocacy groups around the country, including Cycle Action Auckland and Spokes Canterbury. CAN was a member of BikeNZ and provided one board member from BikeNZ's inception in July 2003. CAN resigned from BikeNZ in October 2007, but continues to work with BikeNZ on advocacy issues. CAN works closely with Living Streets Aotearoa, the national walking advocacy group. See also Bike Auckland Spokes Canterbury Cycling in Auckland Cycling in New Zealand Bicycle helmets in New Zealand New Zealand Cycle Trail References External links Cycling organisations in New Zealand Political advocacy groups in New Zealand Cycling activism
Opicino Spinola (also called Opizzino Spinola) was a merchant and political leader in the Republic of Genoa in the early fourteenth century. He was a member of the Spinola Family and one of the richest men in Genoa. In January 1306, the citizens of Genoa replaced their Podesta with two Capitani del Popolo ("Captains of the People") as rulers of the republic, part of a constitutional struggle lasting from 1257 to 1339. Thanks to his wealth, Spinola was elected one of the Captains. In 1307, Spinola's daughter, Argentina Spinola, married Theodore Palaiologos, who claimed the March of Montferrat in succession to his maternal uncle. Spinola used his wealth to establish Theodore in power. Spinola's co-Captain Bernabo Doria was the father-in-law of Manfred IV, Marquess of Saluzzo, who claimed some of the territory of Montferrat. This led to conflicts between Spinola and Doria. In 1310, Spinola managed to get himself appointed the sole Captain of the People for life. However, his growing power made enemies, including even some of his Spinola kinsmen. In late 1310, he was forced from office; in 1311 the Podesta was restored, and Spinola was placed under perpetual banishment from Genoa. Sources Epstain, Steve. Genoa and the Genoese. p. 325. Malleson, George Bruce. Studies in Genoese History. p. 300 Spinola family Italian untitled nobility Politicians from Genoa 14th-century Genoese people 14th-century Italian businesspeople
Preguiça may refer to the following places: Preguiça, part of the town Espargos on the island of Sal, Cape Verde Preguiça, São Nicolau, a village on the island of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Preguiça River in northeastern Brazil
```java /* * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY * specific language governing permissions and limitations / package io.ballerina.projects; /* * A {@code BallerinaTomlException} is thrown for syntax errors in {@code Ballerina.toml}. * * @since 2.0.0 */ public class BallerinaTomlException extends ProjectException { public BallerinaTomlException(String message) { super(message); } } ```
```objective-c /* * / /****************************************************************************** * NOTICE * The ll is not public api, don't use in application code. * See readme.md in soc/include/hal/readme.md *****************************************************************************/ // The Lowlevel layer for SPI Flash #pragma once #include <stdlib.h> #include "soc/spi_periph.h" #include "soc/spi_struct.h" #include "hal/spi_types.h" #include "hal/spi_flash_types.h" #include <sys/param.h> // For MIN/MAX #include <stdbool.h> #include <string.h> #include "hal/misc.h" #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif //NOTE: These macros are changed on h2 for build. MODIFY these when bringup flash. #define gpspi_flash_ll_get_hw(host_id) ( ((host_id)==SPI2_HOST) ? &GPSPI2 : ({abort();(spi_dev_t)0;}) ) #define gpspi_flash_ll_hw_get_id(dev) ( ((dev) == (void)&GPSPI2) ? SPI2_HOST : -1 ) typedef typeof(GPSPI2.clock.val) gpspi_flash_ll_clock_reg_t; #define GPSPI_FLASH_LL_PERIPHERAL_FREQUENCY_MHZ (80) /your_sha256_hash-------------- * Control your_sha256_hash------------/ /** * Reset peripheral registers before configuration and starting control * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_reset(spi_dev_t dev) { dev->user.val = 0; dev->ctrl.val = 0; dev->clk_gate.clk_en = 1; dev->clk_gate.mst_clk_active = 1; dev->clk_gate.mst_clk_sel = 1; dev->dma_conf.val = 0; dev->dma_conf.slv_tx_seg_trans_clr_en = 1; dev->dma_conf.slv_rx_seg_trans_clr_en = 1; dev->dma_conf.dma_slv_seg_trans_en = 0; } /** * Check whether the previous operation is done. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * * @return true if last command is done, otherwise false. / static inline bool gpspi_flash_ll_cmd_is_done(const spi_dev_t dev) { return (dev->cmd.usr == 0); } /** * Get the read data from the buffer after ``gpspi_flash_ll_read`` is done. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param buffer Buffer to hold the output data * @param read_len Length to get out of the buffer / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_get_buffer_data(spi_dev_t dev, void buffer, uint32_t read_len) { if (((intptr_t)buffer % 4 == 0) && (read_len % 4 == 0)) { // If everything is word-aligned, do a faster memcpy memcpy(buffer, (void )dev->data_buf, read_len); } else { // Otherwise, slow(er) path copies word by word int copy_len = read_len; for (int i = 0; i < (read_len + 3) / 4; i++) { int word_len = MIN(sizeof(uint32_t), copy_len); uint32_t word = dev->data_buf[i].buf0; memcpy(buffer, &word, word_len); buffer = (void )((intptr_t)buffer + word_len); copy_len -= word_len; } } } /* * Write a word to the data buffer. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param word Data to write at address 0. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_write_word(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t word) { dev->data_buf[0].buf0 = word; } /** * Set the data to be written in the data buffer. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param buffer Buffer holding the data * @param length Length of data in bytes. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_buffer_data(spi_dev_t dev, const void buffer, uint32_t length) { // Load data registers, word at a time int num_words = (length + 3) / 4; for (int i = 0; i < num_words; i++) { uint32_t word = 0; uint32_t word_len = MIN(length, sizeof(word)); memcpy(&word, buffer, word_len); dev->data_buf[i].buf0 = word; length -= word_len; buffer = (void )((intptr_t)buffer + word_len); } } /** * Trigger a user defined transaction. All phases, including command, address, dummy, and the data phases, * should be configured before this is called. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param pe_ops Is page program/erase operation or not. (not used in gpspi) / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_user_start(spi_dev_t dev, bool pe_ops) { dev->cmd.update = 1; while (dev->cmd.update); dev->cmd.usr = 1; } /** * In user mode, it is set to indicate that program/erase operation will be triggered. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_pe_bit(spi_dev_t dev) { // Not supported on GPSPI } /** * Set HD pin high when flash work at spi mode. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_hold_pol(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t pol_val) { dev->ctrl.hold_pol = pol_val; } /** * Check whether the host is idle to perform new commands. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * * @return true if the host is idle, otherwise false / static inline bool gpspi_flash_ll_host_idle(const spi_dev_t dev) { return dev->cmd.usr == 0; } /** * Set phases for user-defined transaction to read * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_read_phase(spi_dev_t dev) { typeof (dev->user) user = { .usr_mosi = 0, .usr_miso = 1, .usr_addr = 1, .usr_command = 1, }; dev->user.val = user.val; } /your_sha256_hash-------------- Configs your_sha256_hash------------/ /** * Select which pin to use for the flash * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param pin Pin ID to use, 0-2. Set to other values to disable all the CS pins. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_cs_pin(spi_dev_t dev, int pin) { dev->misc.cs0_dis = (pin == 0) ? 0 : 1; dev->misc.cs1_dis = (pin == 1) ? 0 : 1; } /** * Set the read io mode. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param read_mode I/O mode to use in the following transactions. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_read_mode(spi_dev_t dev, esp_flash_io_mode_t read_mode) { typeof (dev->ctrl) ctrl; ctrl.val = dev->ctrl.val; typeof (dev->user) user; user.val = dev->user.val; ctrl.val &= ~(SPI_FCMD_QUAD_M \| SPI_FADDR_QUAD_M \| SPI_FREAD_QUAD_M \| SPI_FCMD_DUAL_M \| SPI_FADDR_DUAL_M \| SPI_FREAD_DUAL_M); user.val &= ~(SPI_FWRITE_QUAD_M \| SPI_FWRITE_DUAL_M); switch (read_mode) { case SPI_FLASH_FASTRD: //the default option case SPI_FLASH_SLOWRD: break; case SPI_FLASH_QIO: ctrl.fread_quad = 1; ctrl.faddr_quad = 1; user.fwrite_quad = 1; break; case SPI_FLASH_QOUT: ctrl.fread_quad = 1; user.fwrite_quad = 1; break; case SPI_FLASH_DIO: ctrl.fread_dual = 1; ctrl.faddr_dual = 1; user.fwrite_dual = 1; break; case SPI_FLASH_DOUT: ctrl.fread_dual = 1; user.fwrite_dual = 1; break; default: abort(); } dev->ctrl.val = ctrl.val; dev->user.val = user.val; } /** * Set clock frequency to work at. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param clock_val pointer to the clock value to set / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_clock(spi_dev_t dev, gpspi_flash_ll_clock_reg_t clock_val) { dev->clock.val = clock_val; } /** * Set the input length, in bits. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param bitlen Length of input, in bits. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_miso_bitlen(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t bitlen) { dev->user.usr_miso = bitlen > 0; if (bitlen) { dev->ms_dlen.ms_data_bitlen = bitlen - 1; } } /** * Set the output length, in bits (not including command, address and dummy * phases) * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param bitlen Length of output, in bits. / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_mosi_bitlen(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t bitlen) { dev->user.usr_mosi = bitlen > 0; if (bitlen) { dev->ms_dlen.ms_data_bitlen = bitlen - 1; } } /** * Set the command. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param command Command to send * @param bitlen Length of the command / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_command(spi_dev_t dev, uint8_t command, uint32_t bitlen) { dev->user.usr_command = 1; typeof(dev->user2) user2 = { .usr_command_value = command, .usr_command_bitlen = (bitlen - 1), }; dev->user2.val = user2.val; } /** * Get the address length that is set in register, in bits. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * / static inline int gpspi_flash_ll_get_addr_bitlen(spi_dev_t dev) { return dev->user.usr_addr ? dev->user1.usr_addr_bitlen + 1 : 0; } /** * Set the address length to send, in bits. Should be called before commands that requires the address e.g. erase sector, read, write... * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param bitlen Length of the address, in bits / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_addr_bitlen(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t bitlen) { dev->user1.usr_addr_bitlen = (bitlen - 1); dev->user.usr_addr = bitlen ? 1 : 0; } /** * Set the address to send in user mode. Should be called before commands that requires the address e.g. erase sector, read, write... * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param addr Address to send / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_usr_address(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t addr, uint32_t bitlen) { // The blank region should be all ones uint32_t padding_ones = (bitlen == 32? 0 : UINT32_MAX >> bitlen); dev->addr.val = (addr << (32 - bitlen)) \| padding_ones; } /** * Set the address to send. Should be called before commands that requires the address e.g. erase sector, read, write... * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param addr Address to send / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_address(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t addr) { dev->addr.val = addr; } /** * Set the length of dummy cycles. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param dummy_n Cycles of dummy phases / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_dummy(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t dummy_n) { dev->user.usr_dummy = dummy_n ? 1 : 0; HAL_FORCE_MODIFY_U32_REG_FIELD(dev->user1, usr_dummy_cyclelen, dummy_n - 1); } /** * Set D/Q output level during dummy phase * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param out_en whether to enable IO output for dummy phase * @param out_level dummy output level / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_dummy_out(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t out_en, uint32_t out_lev) { dev->ctrl.dummy_out = out_en; dev->ctrl.q_pol = out_lev; dev->ctrl.d_pol = out_lev; } /** * Set extra hold time of CS after the clocks. * * @param dev Beginning address of the peripheral registers. * @param hold_n Cycles of clocks before CS is inactive / static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_hold(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t hold_n) { dev->user1.cs_hold_time = hold_n - 1; dev->user.cs_hold = (hold_n > 0? 1: 0); } static inline void gpspi_flash_ll_set_cs_setup(spi_dev_t dev, uint32_t cs_setup_time) { dev->user.cs_setup = (cs_setup_time > 0 ? 1 : 0); dev->user1.cs_setup_time = cs_setup_time - 1; } /* * Calculate spi_flash clock frequency division parameters for register. * * @param clkdiv frequency division factor * * @return Register setting for the given clock division factor. */ static inline uint32_t gpspi_flash_ll_calculate_clock_reg(uint8_t clkdiv) { uint32_t div_parameter; // See comments of `clock` in `spi_struct.h` if (clkdiv == 1) { div_parameter = (1 << 31); } else { div_parameter = ((clkdiv - 1) \| (((clkdiv/2 - 1) & 0xff) << 6 ) \| (((clkdiv - 1) & 0xff) << 12)); } return div_parameter; } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif ```
HM Prison Humber is a Category C men's prison, located south-west of Everthorpe, (near Brough) in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service, and was created from the 2014 merger of two neighbouring prisons: HMP Everthorpe and HM Prison Wolds. History HMP Everthorpe Created as a borstal in 1958, Everthorpe was converted to house male convicts in 1991. After a two-day riot during the Christmas and New Year period of 1995/1996, the prison was criticised for its lack of security, bad management and the deployment of inexperienced staff during the riot. The prison was substantially expanded in 2005, but was criticised by the Chief Inspector of Prisons in 2006 because places on resettlement and offending behaviour programmes had "failed to keep pace" with the increased number of prisoners held at the prison. HMP Wolds In 1991, G4S won the UK's first private sector prison management contract. Initially a remand prison, HMP Wolds opened in April 1992, becoming a local Category B prison holding sentenced prisoners in 1993. In 2001, HMP Wolds was re-rolled again to a Category C training prison, holding adult males (including prisoners serving second stage life sentences). The prison reverted to the public sector in 2013. Merger In June 2013, it was announced that HM Prisons Everthorpe and Wolds would be merged into one larger prison, to be named HMP Humber. The merger took effect in April 2014 and a secure connecting corridor between the two prisons was completed in May 2015. However, the merger was said to have been "traumatic and prolonged", according to a HM Inspectorate of Prisons report, with "significant" delays in the corridor being built and changes to the staffing structure. Current prison A further Inspectorate report in 2018 noted the prison's "robust" approach to drug usage, including photocopying of inmate mail in a bid to prevent drug-soaked letters being smuggled in. The report also found high levels of victimisation, intimidation and violence, much of it "underpinned by a pervasive drug culture", but said the prison was well led, staff appeared committed and there was an apparent "new-found and growing confidence about its future". In 2018, the Ministry of Justice recorded 490 assaults at Humber Prison, 182 more than the previous year. These included 118 attacks on staff, nine of which were considered "serious". There were also 792 self-harm incidents (up from 582 in 2017) and four deaths in custody, one adjudged to be self-inflicted. In December 2019, HMP Humber confirmed that one inmate had been diagnosed with tuberculosis. In April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, Humber was identified as one of six jails which would be provided with modular buildings, adapted from shipping containers, to provide additional single prison cell accommodation to help counter the spread of coronavirus. References External links Ministry of Justice page on Humber HM Inspectorate of Prisons reports Humber Humber Humber
```javascript Running a workflow Using Chunks Webpack with Gulp Webpack with Karma Webpack with Bower ```
Lambrocus Thomas (1610? - 1672) was a Welsh clergyman who served as Canon Chancellor and Dean of Chichester Cathedral. Education Thomas studied at the University of Franeker where he matriculated on 2 June 1641 and graduated, in divinity, on 4 October 1643. He was incorporated, on his doctors degree, at Cambridge University, in 1670. Family Lambrocus Thomas was married to Margaret Thomas alias Briggs. His wife outlived him and she was the executrix of his will. Career Vicar of Pevensey, Sussex 1642-1672 Chancellor of Chichester 1660-1672 Dean of Chichester 1671-1672 Chichester At the end of the 17th century the full number of Canons Residentiary, at Chichester Cathedral, was four. In 1661 when one of the Canons Residentiary (Nicholas Garbrand) resigned, he was not replaced. In 1663 Thomas, who by that time was chancellor, made the number of residentiaries back up to four. When he eventually became Dean in 1671, he continued to hold the residentiary post. He was the last person, at Chichester, to hold the post of Canon Residentiary and Dean simultaneously. Monument Lambrocus Thomas died 27 November 1672. Thomas Abingdon writing in 1717 recorded that a memorial plaque in black marble had been attached to the north wall at the upper end of the Chichester Cathedral chancel. The original text was in Latin, an English translation follows: Notes References Sources Deans of Chichester 1672 deaths 17th-century Welsh Anglican priests Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Ronald B. Epstein (born December 15, 1942) is an American scholar and translator, specializing in Mahayana Buddhism. He is also a Buddhist practitioner and community activist. Education Epstein graduated from Harvard University in 1965. He received his Masters in Chinese Language and Literature at the University of Washington in 1969 and his PhD in Buddhist Studies at UC Berkeley in 1975. In 1966, Epstein began studying Buddhism under the late Hsuan Hua. Career Epstein was a lecturer in the philosophy department at San Francisco State University from 1971 to 2003. He was a founding member of Dharma Realm Buddhist University (DRBU) and taught there from 1977 to 2011. He currently serves on the Board of Trustees at DRBU. He has helped to translate several Buddhist sutras, including the Surangama Sutra, and has published other books on Buddhism. Epstein was one of the signed proponents for Measure H, an ordinance that bans the cultivation, production or distribution of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). When it passed in 2004, Mendocino County became the first county in the US to ban GMOs. Epstein has published articles on the dangers of GMOs since the 90s. In 2018, he published a book “Responsible Living: Explorations in Applied Buddhist Ethics - Animals, Environment, GMOs, Digital Media”, which uses Buddhist principles to examine the issues of our contemporary life. Selected works 2018: Responsible Living: Explorations in Applied Buddhist Ethics - Animals, Environment, GMOs, Digital Media. Buddhist Text Translation Society. 2012: The Surangama Sutra. A New Translation with Excerpts from the Commentary by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua. Coeditor. Buddhist Text Translation Society. 2003: Buddhism A to Z. Compiler. Buddhist Text Translation Society. 1980: The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra. Translator. Buddhist Text Translation Society. 1974: The Amitabha Sutra. Translator. Buddhist Text Translation Society. Online Publications A list of online publications by Epstein can be found here: http://online.sfsu.edu/rone/OnlinePublications.htm Living people 1942 births San Francisco State University faculty University of Washington alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni Harvard College alumni
Atanasije Rajić (; 31 January 1754 – 6 June 1815), known by his nickname Tanasko (Танаско), was a Serbian vojvoda (commander) and revolutionary, the barjaktar (flag-bearer) in the First Serbian Uprising led by Karađorđe against the Ottoman Empire, and the captain in Obrenović's Second Serbian Uprising, during which he died (1815). Life Atanasije was born on , 1754, in the village of Stragari, below the Rudnik mountain. As he was born on the slava (Serbian feast day) of St. Athanasius (Atanasije), he was named Atanasije. He was a friend of Janićije Đurić, the later secretary of Karađorđe. One of his sons married Perunika, the younger sister of Đurić. With Karađorđe and other Šumadijan rebels, he clashed many times with the Ottoman Turks. In his area, Sali-aga was known for his cruelty. Tanasko gathers his friends and plans an attack on Sali-aga. He was part of the talks between prominent Serbs in planning the uprising. In the evening of Sretenje Gospodnje, 1804, Tanasko, Karađorđe, Stanoje Glavaš, Janićije Đurić, and 70 other armed Šumadijans arrived at Orašac. The next day, the Orašac assembly elected Karađorđe, leader of the Serbs. Karađorđe handed over a red and white war flag and appointed Tanasko the flag-bearer of the Serbian revolution. After the outbreak of the uprising, Tanasko went to his home village and gathered and organized people for the siege of Rudnik which would follow. Tanasko was indignant to Sali-aga and promised that he would personally kill him and save Rudnik from violence. On 2 March 1804, the Serbian army led by Tanasko surrounded the city, demanding the surrender of Sali-aga. The Ottomans refused and prepared for battle, waiting for Kučuk Alija from Belgrade. Tanasko commanded the operation. Turkish reinforcements arrived from Čačak, resulting in a great battle on the outskirts of town. The Turks were defeated, with their horses and weapons seized. Tanasko was wounded in the arm. Tanasko did not participate in forming the first state government. He remained a soldier, known for his bravery. Sali-aga was delivered to and beheaded by Tanasko. He further participated against the fightings against Alija Gušanac on the Morava river when he and his army fortified Crni Vrh near Jagodina and awaited Gušanac. Gušanac fled from the battle, and his army was disarmed. voivode Jovan Kursula also participated in this battle. After the victory, there was political arguing between Tanasko and Karađorđe, due to the leader's centralism. Tanasko returned to his village and stayed there until 1813. When Serbia faced serious difficulty, Tanasko reconciled with Karađorđe and planned the defence. After the failure of the uprising, Tanasko returns to his village, becoming a witness to Ottoman retaliation. Despite his advancing age, he immediately joined Miloš Obrenović's Second Serbian Uprising and returned to the battlefield. As chief commanders of the Serb rebels, Tanasko sought to expel the Ottomans from the Čačak nahija (district). On 6 June 1815, the two sides met at the Ljubić hill. The Ottoman commander Imšir Pasha went to destroy the Serbian positions near Čačak. The rebels hurried and fortified the trenches of Ljubić, 1.5 km north of Čačak, where Imšir was holding. The battle began in the morning, with an Ottoman surprise attack on Serbian positions, and the Serbs managed in the beginning. Tanasko commanded the cannon batteries in the surrounding hills. Just before the battle, Tanasko was elevated to captain in Obrenović's Serbian army. In the beginning of the battle, Tanasko had successfully attacked the Ottoman positions, but Ottomans had his position encircled. The situation became difficult, and Tanasko held on to his cannons. When the Ottomans advanced on the trenches where Tanasko was situated, he continued to command, climbed onto a top and began to shoot at the Ottomans. The Ottomans surrounded him and had him cut into pieces. The Serbian army later gathered and won the battle. Imšir Pasha also died in the battle, and the Ottoman army retreated to Čačak. Legacy A monument was erected in his honour on the hill of Ljubić, near Čačak, the site of the battle in which he fell. His weapons are held on display at the Military Museum, Belgrade. Schools in Čačak (and Ljubić) and Pirot are named after him. Streets in Čačak and Kraljevo are named after him. A Yugoslav Army barrack was named after him, stationed in Čačak. The Cultural and Artistic Association from Ljubić is named "Tanasko Rajić". A local football team in Pirot is named "FK Tanasko Rajić". His great-grandson was Serbian poet Velimir Rajić. See also List of Serbian Revolutionaries References Sources Milica Baum, "Belgrade", A. S. Barnes, 1970, p. 87 Nebojša Damnjanović, Vladimir Merenik, "The first Serbian uprising and the restoration of the Serbian state", Historical Museum of Serbia, Gallery of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, 2004, pp. 72–74 Novosti Online, "Rano bez oca", 29 May 2006, 18th-century Serbian nobility 19th-century Serbian nobility Serbian military leaders Serbian revolutionaries People of the First Serbian Uprising People of the Second Serbian Uprising Military personnel from Kragujevac 1754 births 1815 deaths
Cethegus may refer to: Cethegus (spider), a spider genus Cornelii Cethegi, an ancient Roman family Rufius Petronius Nicomachus Cethegus, Roman senator
Black-eyed children or black-eyed kids, in American contemporary legend, are paranormal creatures that resemble children between ages 6 and 16, with pale skin and black eyes, who are reportedly seen hitchhiking or begging, or are encountered on doorsteps of residential homes. History While tabloid coverage of these creatures has claimed that tales of black-eyed children have existed since the 1980s, most sources indicate that the legend originated from 1996 postings written by Texas reporter Brian Bethel on a "ghost-related mailing list," relating two alleged encounters with "black-eyed kids." Bethel describes encountering two such children in Abilene, Texas in 1996, and claims that a second person had a similar, unrelated encounter in Portland, Oregon. Bethel's stories have become regarded as classic examples of creepypasta, and gained such popularity that he published a FAQ "just to keep up with demand for more info about the new urban legend." In 2012, Brian Bethel told his story on reality TV series Monsters and Mysteries in America. He wrote a follow-up article for the Abilene Reporter News, describing his experience and maintaining his belief that it was legitimate. In 2012, the horror film Black Eyed Kids was produced with Kickstarter funding, its director commenting that the creepy children were "an urban legend that's been floating around on the Internet for years now, I always thought it was fascinating." A 2013 episode of MSN's Weekly Strange that featured reports of black-eyed children is thought to have helped spread the legend on the internet. During one week in September 2014, the British tabloid Daily Star ran three sensationalistic front-page stories about alleged sightings of black-eyed children, connected to the sale of a supposedly haunted pub in Staffordshire. The paper claimed a "shock rise in sightings around the world". Alleged sightings are taken seriously by ghost hunters, some of whom believe black-eyed children to be extraterrestrials, vampires, or ghosts. Science writer Sharon A. Hill was unable to find any documentation of black-eyed child encounters, concluding that the tales are passed on as "friend of a friend" ghost stories. Hill considers the legend to resemble "typical spooky folklore stories" such as the phantom black dog, where the subject is not supernatural, and there may never have been an actual original encounter. Snopes rates tales of black-eyed children as a legend, and cites an Inquisitr article that advised readers to "(f)ile black eyed children under the same heading as 'bigfoot'. Believe it if you like, but realize that there is no evidence of their existence, just subjective testimony that ranges from reasonable to suspiciously fame-whoring". See also Black oil (The X-Files) List of urban legends References 1996 in Texas Abilene, Texas Alleged UFO-related entities American ghosts American legends Creepypasta Fiction about hitchhiking Fictional characters introduced in 1996 Fictional beggars Fictional children Mythic humanoids North American demons Supernatural legends Texas folklore Urban legends Vampires
The Tepoztlán Ex Convento Museum (Spanish: Museo Ex Convento de Tepoztlán (Museo de la Natividad)) is a museum located at the Ex Convento Dominican Church in Tepoztlán, Mexico. The church was built by the Tepoztecan Indians under the orders of the Dominican friars between 1555 and 1580, dedicated to the Virgin of the Nativity. In 1993, INAH created a restoration project and in 1994 it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This site is the parish of the Nativity and the Museum and Historical Documentation Center of Tepoztlán. This monastery consists of a large atrium that has served as a cemetery and park. There are four capillas posas in each of the corners, although only the ones on the north side are well-preserved. The capillas posas were invented in Nueva España for the instruction of large crowds of Indigenous, and their use later spread to Guatemala, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. The convent was built with carved stones joined with lime mortar, sand, and vegetable binders. Although the construction of the convent seems simple, it is graced by different paintings on the interior walls. On the front (main entrance) is the Virgin of the Rosary, who is accompanied by saints, angels, and cherubs. Emblematic shields and the inevitable dog with the torch flaunt their Dominican presence. The museum located on the top floor of the Exconvento was inaugurated on November 26, 2000. The walls of the church are high, supported by buttresses; these were probably added because of fears that earthquakes might otherwise damage the building. The towers are not part of the original construction but were added later; the north tower was damaged in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake. Despite large windows, the interior of the church is dark and the only architecturally significant piece besides the ceiling is a stone door with the shield of the Dominicans that leads to the abbey. There was doubtlessly a wooden altarpiece originally, but that has disappeared. The only paintings are of Our Lady of Guadalupe and an 18th-century anonymous painting of Calvary. On the right side there is an altar with a sculpture of Christ, another of the Our Lady of Sorrows with four young girls dressed in black, and St. Dimas (the Good Thief). There is also a 20th-century Sacred Heart of Jesus; the original was destroyed during the Mexican Revolution. The abbey was built on the north side of the building; there are wall that are four meters thick. Behind the abbey is the magnificent scenery of Tepoztlan; Manuel Toussaint called it "the perfect adaptation of a building with scenery, the unity of artistic conception with the environment." On the lower level there is the entry to the Sacristy, the Sala Capitular (archives), entrance to the garden, Sala De Profundis (meditation room), Refractory with a stone sink, kitchen, and storerooms. Upstairs there are ten cells for the monks, each with a window with a view. The bells are dated "Enero 20 831" (sic), 1810, and 1830. The largest is inscribed, "Me llamo María de la Natividad. Mi primer nacimiento fel el año 1688 siendo Gbdor D. Bernadino Rojas. Mi segundo Nacimiento fue el año 1860. Fui bendecida por el Br. Fpe., González. Camilus Alviarensis me fecit." This bell is decorated with scorpions and lizards, which abound in the region. The complex provides guided tours and a research library. References Museums in Mexico Religious museums in Mexico
"Jackson, Mississippi" is a song from Kid Rock's 2003 self-titled album. The song is about a man dealing with addiction and the effects it is having on a relationship. The song was a demo in 1995 for his album Early Morning Stoned Pimp. It was released as a dual single in January 2004 along with "Cold and Empty." It peaked at #14 on the Mainstream Rock tracks. His original drummer for Twisted Brown Trucker and Eminem producer Bob Eubling plays drums on the song. A live version was released on the Best Buy exclusive version of 2007's Rock N Roll Jesus. His 2008 National Guard song "Warrior" is a rewrite of Jackson, Mississippi. It uses the same musical structure of the song.. He made a music video for "Warrior", featuring NASCAR racer Dale Earnhardt Jr. and was shown at movie theatres throughout the summer of 2008. Track listing "Jackson, Mississippi" (Radio Edit) "Jackson, Mississippi" (Album Version) Charts 2003 songs 2004 singles Atlantic Records singles Kid Rock songs Songs written by Kid Rock
Poymenny () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novorychinsky Selsoviet, Privolzhsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,299 as of 2010. There are 28 streets. Geography Poymenny is located 22 km north of Nachalovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bely Ilmen is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Privolzhsky District, Astrakhan Oblast
Laurie Davidson (born 1 July 1992) is an English actor. He played a fictionalised version of a young William Shakespeare in the 2017 TNT television series Will, and played Mr. Mistoffelees in the 2019 musical fantasy Cats based on the musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber. Early life Davidson was born in the Dulwich neighbourhood of South London. He is a 2016 graduate of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA). Career After arriving at the LAMDA, he earned a part in Anton Chekhov's The Seagull, which is where his agent first noticed him. Davidson was a newcomer to television prior to his Will casting; his prior work included stage work and a minor role in the film Vampire Academy. He has also been cast in the BBC film Diana & I as a journalist who is present at the time of the death of Princess Diana. Will A casting director for Yorgos Lanthimos' The Favourite suggested that he audition for Will. He had several rounds of auditions. Just as school was set to resume following Christmas of his final year at LAMDA and as he was set to play Tevye in a school production of Fiddler on the Roof, he was informed in January 2016 that he was cast in Will, and he dropped out of Fiddler to shoot the show's pilot. To prepare for his modern take on Shakespeare, Davidson did not focus on modern depictions of Shakespeare, such as Joseph Fiennes performance in Shakespeare in Love, but he did use Straight Outta Compton and 8Mile for inspiration, on the advice of director Shekhar Kapur. He also relied on the works attributed to Shakespeare to learn about him. TNT picked up the show in May 2016, but Davidson graduated from LAMDA in July 2016—on schedule. Will premiered on 10 July 2017. Cats In September 2018, he joined the cast of Cats. Filmography Film Television Theater Notes External links 21st-century English male actors Living people Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art English male television actors Male actors from London People from Dulwich English male Shakespearean actors English male stage actors 1992 births
The 1992 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 42nd annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1991 season. The game was played on Sunday, February 2, 1992, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii before a crowd of 50,209. The final score was NFC 21, AFC 15. Dan Reeves of the Denver Broncos led the AFC team against an NFC team coached by Detroit Lions head coach Wayne Fontes. The referee was Gerald Austin. Michael Irvin of the Dallas Cowboys was the game's MVP. Players on the winning NFC team received $10,000 apiece while the AFC participants each took home $5,000. AFC roster Offense Defense Special teams NFC roster Offense Defense Special teams References External links Pro Bowl Pro Bowl Pro Bowl Pro Bowl Pro Bowl American football competitions in Honolulu February 1992 sports events in the United States 1990s in Honolulu
Estadio Luis Valenzuela Hermosilla is a multi-use stadium in Copiapó, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Club de Deportes Copiapó of the Chilean Primera División B. It also hosted Regional Atacama of the Chilean Primera División. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. References External links Stadium information Luis Valenzuela Hermosilla Sports venues in Atacama Region 1960 establishments in Chile Sports venues completed in 1960
```go // Code generated by private/model/cli/gen-api/main.go. DO NOT EDIT. package transfer import ( "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol" ) const ( // ErrCodeAccessDeniedException for service response error code // "AccessDeniedException". // // You do not have sufficient access to perform this action. ErrCodeAccessDeniedException = "AccessDeniedException" // ErrCodeConflictException for service response error code // "ConflictException". // // This exception is thrown when the UpdateServer is called for a file transfer // protocol-enabled server that has VPC as the endpoint type and the server's // VpcEndpointID is not in the available state. ErrCodeConflictException = "ConflictException" // ErrCodeInternalServiceError for service response error code // "InternalServiceError". // // This exception is thrown when an error occurs in the Transfer Family service. ErrCodeInternalServiceError = "InternalServiceError" // ErrCodeInvalidNextTokenException for service response error code // "InvalidNextTokenException". // // The NextToken parameter that was passed is invalid. ErrCodeInvalidNextTokenException = "InvalidNextTokenException" // ErrCodeInvalidRequestException for service response error code // "InvalidRequestException". // // This exception is thrown when the client submits a malformed request. ErrCodeInvalidRequestException = "InvalidRequestException" // ErrCodeResourceExistsException for service response error code // "ResourceExistsException". // // The requested resource does not exist, or exists in a region other than the // one specified for the command. ErrCodeResourceExistsException = "ResourceExistsException" // ErrCodeResourceNotFoundException for service response error code // "ResourceNotFoundException". // // This exception is thrown when a resource is not found by the Amazon Web ServicesTransfer // Family service. ErrCodeResourceNotFoundException = "ResourceNotFoundException" // ErrCodeServiceUnavailableException for service response error code // "ServiceUnavailableException". // // The request has failed because the Amazon Web ServicesTransfer Family service // is not available. ErrCodeServiceUnavailableException = "ServiceUnavailableException" // ErrCodeThrottlingException for service response error code // "ThrottlingException". // // The request was denied due to request throttling. ErrCodeThrottlingException = "ThrottlingException" ) var exceptionFromCode = map[string]func(protocol.ResponseMetadata) error{ "AccessDeniedException": newErrorAccessDeniedException, "ConflictException": newErrorConflictException, "InternalServiceError": newErrorInternalServiceError, "InvalidNextTokenException": newErrorInvalidNextTokenException, "InvalidRequestException": newErrorInvalidRequestException, "ResourceExistsException": newErrorResourceExistsException, "ResourceNotFoundException": newErrorResourceNotFoundException, "ServiceUnavailableException": newErrorServiceUnavailableException, "ThrottlingException": newErrorThrottlingException, } ```
Keith Cameron Meldrum CB, MRCVS, DVSM, HonFRSH (born 1937) was the United Kingdom's Chief Veterinary Officer from June 1988 to April 1997. Biography After two years in general practice as a veterinary surgeon, he joined the State Veterinary Service, as a veterinary officer, and worked there during the 1967 foot-and-mouth outbreak. His tenure as CVO coincided with the Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic, to which he led the government's response. A lifetime member of the British Veterinary Association, he sits on the council of their Central Veterinary Society division. He was made a Companion of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1995 New Year Honours. He is also an Honorary Member of the Royal Society for Public Health (HonFRSH), a Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (MRCVS), and holds a Diploma in Veterinary State Medicine (DVSM). References External links British veterinarians Place of birth missing (living people) Companions of the Order of the Bath Members of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons 1937 births Living people
Arthropods, including insects and spiders, make use of smooth adhesive pads as well as hairy pads for climbing and locomotion along non-horizontal surfaces. Both types of pads in insects make use of liquid secretions and are considered 'wet'. Dry adhesive mechanisms primarily rely on Van der Waals' forces and are also used by organisms other than insects. The fluid provides capillary and viscous adhesion and appears to be present in all insect adhesive pads. Little is known about the chemical properties of the adhesive fluids and the ultrastructure of the fluid-producing cells is currently not extensively studied. Additionally, both hairy and smooth types of adhesion have evolved separately numerous times in insects. Few comparative studies between the two types of adhesion mechanisms have been done and there is a lack of information regarding the forces that can be supported by these systems in insects. Additionally, tree frogs and some mammals such as the arboreal possum and bats also make use of smooth adhesive pads. The use of adhesive pads for locomotion across non-horizontal surfaces is a trait that evolved separately in different species, making it an example of convergent evolution. The power of adhesion allows these organisms to be able to climb on almost any substance. The exact mechanisms of arthropod adhesion are still unknown for some species but this topic is of great importance to biologists, physicists and engineers. These highly specialized structures are not restricted to one particular area of the leg. They may be located on different parts, such as claws, derivatives of the pretarsus, tarsal apex, tarsomeres or tibia. From the scaling analysis, it has been suggested that animal lineages relying on the dry adhesion, such as lizards and spiders have a higher density of terminal contact elements compared to systems that use wet adhesive mechanisms such as insects. Since these effects are based on fundamental physical principles and highly related to the shape of the structure, they are also the same for artificial surfaces with similar geometry. Adhesion and friction forces per-unit-pad area were very similar in smooth and hairy systems when tested. Strong adhesion may be beneficial in many situations but it also can create difficulties in locomotion. Direction-dependence is an important and fundamental property of adhesive structures that are able to rapidly and controllably adhere during locomotion. Researchers are unsure whether direction-dependence is achieved through changes in contact area or through a change in shear stress. Friction and adhesion forces in most animal attachment organs are higher when they are pulled towards the body than when they push away from it. This has been observed in geckos and spiders but also in the smooth adhesive pads of ants, bush-crickets and cockroaches. Adhesive hairs of geckos are non-symmetrical and feature distally pointing setae and spatulae that are able to generate increased friction and adhesion when aligned with a proximal pull. The adhesive hairs of some beetles behave similarly to those of geckos. While directional-dependence is present in other animals, it has yet to be confirmed in insects with hairy adhesive pads. It has been observed that a surface micro-roughness asperity size of less than five micrometres can strongly reduce insect attachment and climbing ability and this adhesion reducing effect has been put to use in a variety of plant species that create wax crystals. Adhesive chemical secretions are also used for predation defence, mating, holding substrates, anchor eggs, building retreats, prey capture and self-grooming. Smooth adhesive pads for locomotion Smooth adhesion has evolved in many families of organisms independently, which creates structures that appear unrelated to each other but generate the same function. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that adhesive structures of arthropods evolved several times. Organisms such as ants, bees, cockroaches and grasshoppers use smooth adhesive pads. There are different types of smooth adhesive pads in these organisms such as the arolia, pulvilli, and euplantulae, all of which have a cuticle that is extremely soft and deformable. The arolia of some ant species has been observed to be fluid-filled and is extended and contracted to provide adhesive force. The euplantulae in crickets have a hexagonal microstructure which is similar to toe pads in tree frogs. Generally, insects are able to adhere to surfaces through the contact between the insect adhesive organs and substrates that are mediated by nanometre-thin films of adhesive fluid. Some functional principles of smooth pads (adaptability, viscoelasticity, pressure sensitivity) are similar to those known from industrial pressure-sensitive adhesion. Smooth adhesive organs are ‘‘pillowlike,’’ which refers to the soft and fluid-filled, cuticular sac, that moulds to the surface increasing the contact area on rough surfaces. It appears that the fluid in smooth adhesive systems mainly serves to maximize contact on rough substrates. The internal fibrous structure of smooth pads might be vital to their ability to deform or for shear-induced lateral increase in contact area or for efficient transfer of tensile forces, yet at this point its specific function is unknown. Hairy adhesive pads for locomotion Both hairy and smooth pads in arthropods act to maximize the amount of contact with a surface. The foot pads of flies are densely covered with flexible hair-like structures called setae, and some lizards and spiders use similar hairy pads to create adhesive effects. This indicates a favourable design for hairy pad adhesion. Hairy pads can be classified as pulvillus, fossula spongiosa, and tenent hairs. Hairy attachment pads employed few other features, such as flaw tolerance, lower sensitivity to contamination and roughness. Hairy attachment systems are typical for evolutionary younger and successful insect groups, such as Coleoptera and Diptera. The density of hairs increases with increasing body weight. An increase of the attachment strength in hairy systems is realized by increasing the number of single contact points. Protuberances on the hairy pads of Coleoptera, Dermaptera and Diptera belong to different types. Representatives of the first two lineages have socketed setae on their pads. Setae can range in length from a few micrometers to several millimeters. Dipteran outgrowths are acanthae which are single sclerotized protuberances originating from a single cell. The acanthae are hollow inside and some have pores under the terminal plate, which presumably deliver an adhesive secretion directly to the contact area. Hairy attachment pads of reduviid bugs, flies and beetles secrete fluid into the contact area. The secretion contains non-volatile, lipid-like substances, but in some species it is two-phasic emulsion presumably containing water-soluble and lipid-soluble fractions. Adhesion strongly decreases as the volume of the secretion decreases, which indicates that a layer of pad secretion that covers the terminal plates is crucial for generating a strong attractive force. Data suggests that besides van der Waals and Coulomb forces flies rely on attractive capillary forces mediated by the pad secretion. At low humidity, adhesion strongly depends on the amount of liquid deposited on the surface, and therefore contact duration. The hairy pad design has been argued to have a number of advantages over the smooth design, such as superior performance on rough substrates, effortless detachment, self-cleaning properties and increased adhesion due to contact splitting. Unlike frog and lizard adhesive pads which are often dry, insects tend to have an associated fluid for adhesion. The fluid that is secreted has a special property of being composed of an immiscible mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic material. Adhesive foot pads only stick when pulled toward the body, but unstick when moved away from it, which allows for effortless and rapid detachment. Insects can do this actively through their claw flexor muscle, but in most cases, the foot is able to attach and detach passively, without the help of any nerves and muscles. (Bullock, Drechsler, & Federle, 2008) Other uses for adhesives in insects Adhesive chemical secretions are also used for predation defence, mating, holding substrates, anchor eggs, build retreats, prey capture and self grooming. Structures for use in repelling attackers or temporarily or permanently adhering to a substratum or a mating partner have been found in the developmental stages of the egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. Some species have developed adhesives for prey capture and some use adhesive glue for cocoon building. Adhesive glands of the head can involve mouthparts, antennae, the labial salivary glands, or species specific glands. A variety of glands, often located in the abdomen, can be used for defensive adhesion mechanisms. Insect adhesive glands Epidermal glands and their secretions are highly diverse and vary in their function for: protection from adverse environmental conditions and microbial contamination, regulation of water balance, communication with pheromones and alelochemicals, defense from predators and parasites, construction and making food accessible. Class 1 epidermal cells are the predominant glandular cell type for adhesive gland systems in insects with features that indicate either lipid or protein secretion. In class 1 cells for locomotion lipoidal secretion is most common, although the secretions are often mixtures of lipids with proteins and carbohydrates. Class 1 cells that are used for more permanent body or egg anchorage and of retreat building make use of protein-based secretions. Class 2 epidermal adhesive gland cells have only been found in the defence systems of Aphidoidea and Tingidae. Defensive adhesive secretions function mechanically and also develop a chemical irritant function caused by reactive substances of low molecular weight which combines within the sticky secretion to produce toxic glue. Class 3 epidermal adhesive glands are usually bicellular and consist of a terminal secretarily active cell and an adjacent canal cell that surrounds the cuticular conducting duct. Hundreds of gland cells and glandular units are contained in class 1 or 3 and might aggregated to form whole gland organs so as to discharge large amounts of a secretion. Adhesive cells used for locomotion are all class 1 epidermal adhesive cells. Class 3 epidermal adhesive cells may play a role in some hairy adhesive pads, but this has not yet been confirmed. Some adhesive glands that are used for locomotion are also used for capturing or holding on to prey (Fac, 2010). The secretion of some class 1 cells and class 3 cells are mixed in the subcuticular or intracuticular spaces. They may also be mixed in the larger glandular reservoirs before being discharged which allows the formation of complex structural mixtures as well as chemical reactions between the components of the mixture. Gland cells used by female insects for gluing eggs to a substratum during oviposition have not been well studied. Glands used for sticking eggs to surfaces have been observed to be of the class 1 type. Adhesive glands are involved in the production of silks, which are produced by a variety of dermal glands for building shelters, cocoons, and supporting sperm. Class 1 cells are often applied for this purpose. Adhesive secretions Most bioadhesives use polymers, (carbohydrates and proteins) to create the adhesive and cohesive strength. Natural adhesives used by both plants and animals are composed of only a few basic components, such as proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and lipids that are mixed in various combinations. Natural adhesive chemical and micromechanical functions are often not well understood. Adhesives that are for mechanical work are often composed of high-molecular compounds containing proteins, resins, mixtures of long-chain hydrocarbons and mucopolysaccharides, or waxes. Defensive adhesive secretions often combine their mechanical effect with a low molecular weight chemical irritant to deter predators. There is a great diversity of aliphatic compounds in insect adhesive secretions. Aliphatic compounds are a major constituent secretions for some locomotion organs in insects and they are also involved in the formation of defence secretions. Adhesives of this type contain only limited amounts or no polar components such as fatty acids, esters, alcohols. Often these compounds are temperature sensitive. Very little research has been done on classifying and identifying carbohydrates within insect adhesive secretions. So far, glucose, trehalose and mucopolysaccharides that contain glucose, galactose, mannose, beta-glucopyranose, and/or (N-acetyl-beta-) glucosamine have been identified as components of insect adhesives. Carbohydrates have been found in defense secretions as well as for sticking eggs together. Aromatic compounds have been identified in the adhesive defence secretion of termites and ants. It is also thought to be used by butterflies to secure eggs. Insect adhesives contain a broad spectrum of isoprenoids. These compounds have been found in defense mechanisms in some species such as termites. Amino acids, peptides, and proteins are nearly always found in insects' adhesive secretions. They are employed for adhesion across many functions such as defense, locomotion and cocoon building. Arachnid adhesion Spiders have independently evolved hairy adhesive pads. Their pads do not use an associated fluid and are much similar to many lizards and are not like the hairy pads that are used by insects. Convergence with tetrapods Smooth adhesive pads are an example of convergent evolution between amphibians (geckos and frogs), arthropods and mammals (possum). The mechanisms involved even appear to be similar. This could indicate that this method of locomotion has found its optimal form in many species of animals. Hairy attachment systems of the gekkonid lizards and spiders do not produce fluids, these organisms rely on van der Waals interactions for the generation of strong attractive forces. Tree frog toe-pads are made of columnar epithelial cells that are separated from each other at the apices. Pores for mucous glands open into the channels that are between the cells which create a toe pad epithelium that has an array of flat topped cells with mucous filled grooves between them. The purpose of having cells separated at the tip is to allow the toe to conform to the structure it will adhere to. The hexagonal design around the outside of the cells (similar to the crickets) is likely to allow for the mucous to spread evenly over the cell. Smooth adhesive pads are found in arboreal possums, which are marsupials that glide between trees. The possum is also capable of using smooth adhesive pads to climb vertically, making use of large toe pads. The pads consist of an epidermal layer of stratified squamous epithelium with the outer most layer's cells being flattened. The pad has alternating ridges and grooves with sweat glands emptying into the grooves providing fluid for wet adhesion. Bats have also evolved adhesive pads separately. Some bats make use of an adhesive appendage, while others have suctioning adhesive organs. Importance to humans Some researchers propose using the advanced locomotive mechanisms seen in arthropods for modelling robotic movement to create maximally efficient movement. Currently insect adhesive pads still outperform most artificial adhesives with respect to rapid controllability. Some researchers also suggest using arthropod-based adhesive mechanisms for more effective tape and binding tools. Additionally, some research indicates that the wrinkling effect that occurs in human fingers when submerged in water acts to increase grip on wet objects. The mechanism is unknown but it may be due to changes in adhesion properties of the finger pads. By examining the properties of bioadhesion, finger pad adhesion can be better understood. However, this study on increased finger pad dexterity from wrinkling has been heavily disputed. Despite this, it can be argued that a better understanding of insect adhesion mechanisms can help guide the development of better adhesives for human mobility and technology, as well as inform a better understanding of human finger function. See also Gecko feet Synthetic setae References Arthropod anatomy Adhesives
The women's 1500 metres event at the 1973 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 11 March in Rotterdam. There were only three participants. Results References 1500 metres at the European Athletics Indoor Championships 1500
Paphies ventricosa, or toheroa (a Māori word meaning "long tongue"), is a large bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand. Distribution It is found in both the North and South Islands, but the main habitat is the west coast of the North Island. The best grounds are wide fine-sand beaches where there are extensive sand-dunes, enclosing freshwater, which percolates to the sea, there promoting the growth of diatoms and plankton. Description The toheroa is a very large shellfish with a solid white, elongated shell with the apex at the middle. Maximum length is 117 mm, height 81 mm, and thickness 38 mm. Human use Toheroa are a traditional food for Māori. Toheroa beds were resources that sometimes led to wars, and the shellfish was translocated across New Zealand using (kelp bags) made from southern bull kelp (Durvillaea poha). The toheroa has long been a popular seafood, often made into a greenish soup. The soup became an international delicacy after the Royal Tour of Prince Edward in 1920, becoming popular in restaurants in New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Australia. An industry developed around toheroa, including large-scale canning factories. By the 1950s, toheroa populations had become over-exploited, and there has been a ban on harvesting (except for limited customary purposes) since 1979. However, numbers have not recovered since 1979, due to illegal poaching, poorly policed customary harvesting, vehicle driving on beaches, pollution, reduction in fresh water coming onto beaches, and gas bubble disease. References Checklist of New Zealand Mollusca Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 Commercial molluscs Bivalves of New Zealand Mesodesmatidae Bivalves described in 1790 Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin Endemic molluscs of New Zealand
This is a sub-list from List of doping cases in sport representing a full list of surnames starting with B. List References B
The Southern African vlei rat (Otomys irroratus) is a species of rodent in the vlei rat genus, Otomys, of the family Muridae in the order Rodentia. This is the type species of the genus. It is native to the grasslands and swamps of southern Africa where it is a common species. Description The Southern African Vlei Rat is a large-sized rat with dense and continuously replaced shaggy fur. The head is large, the ears small, and the tail short. The dorsal parts are generally gray, brown, or black. The ventral parts are some shade of paler or darker grey. All of its digits are clawed, and the hind claws are longer than the fore claws. The head-and-body length is about and the tail about . Both males and females have a similar mean mass of 143.7g. Distribution and habitat The range extends from the far South Western Cape of South Africa, around the southern and eastern coast and adjacent interior, to subtropical regions in southern Natal. This part of its range includes Lesotho. Further north, it no longer occurs around the actual coast. Inland however, its range extends north to tropical areas, nearly to the northern boundary of the Transvaal, including parts of Eswatini. An apparently isolated population occurs still further north in tropical eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique. Its habitats include temperate low-altitude swamps and grassland, and subtropical and tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and plantations. It is a terrestrial species that lives above ground in an open, bowl-shaped nest made of shredded grass near marshy areas with a lot of vegetation. Ecology The Southern African Vlei Rat is mainly active at dusk and dawn. Most are diurnal, although some Vlei Rats show nocturnal activity. It shares and creates runways with other coexisting species through the vegetation as it forages on the green vegetation on which it feeds. Diet and Feeding strategies The Southern African Vlei Rat is a cecal digester and strict herbivore. Its diet consists of the stems and leaves of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and grass seeds. However, they are not selective feeders and will eat nearly all green plant species in their habitat. They also gnaw on the bark of pine trees in plantations, damaging the trees. They have adapted some degree of high tolerance for toxic plants. Much of the digestive process takes place in the cecum with the aid of microbes, and the fecal pellets are often re-ingested. Life History and Reproduction The Southern African Vlei Rat is mainly promiscuous in mating, although some populations are polygynous. Females in polygyny mating systems can terminate their pregnancy, which may be a counter-strategy to infanticide. Males and females preferably mate within their own population and discriminate between individuals of another population through their odor. Females may give birth up to four times a year, producing 1-4 offspring, with a gestation period of five to six weeks. In the eastern cape, they breed year long, whereas in Transvaal they mostly breed in August when food is most abundant. Their young are precocial at birth and are relatively large compared to other similar sized rodents. They are covered with fur and their incisors erupted, which allows them to cling to their mother's nipples as she travels for their first two weeks after birth. By day 2, their eyes are open, they can hear acutely, and can eat solid food. They will eat both their own and others feces to obtain enough nutrients. By day 5, they have coordinated body movement. Approximately by day 13, weaning is complete. They grow rapidly, reaching 71% of adult mass by the time they are 10 weeks old. Females are sexually mature at 9–10 weeks old, but males mature later. They have a lifespan of up to 2 years. Behaviors The Southern African Vlei Rat is a k-strategist, quadrupedal, and can rapidly run along runways. They are able to swim if needed. They often use their forepaws to eat and discard food in piles by runways, as well as grooming and washing their face. This rat is solitary and aggressive towards other members of the species. Adult males have a home range of about and maintain a small home territory around the nest site. It communicates through olfactory signals by anal-gland marking of their territory. There is a hierarchy in aggression: males and females who have mated, then males and females who have not mated, respectively. When same-ranking individuals encounter each other, they start fighting and chasing each other, ending in serious wounds until one animals flees or shows submissive behavior. Submissive behaviors include the rats in an upright posture exposing their stomach and chattering. Since they are non-burrowing, they keep warm through nonshivering thermogenesis and have low thermal conductance. They have low metabolic rates which may be why they can feed on low quality food. Their predators are mainly barn owls and grass owls, but also include pythons, mole snakes, wildcats, mongooses, and cape clawless otters. References Otomys Mammals described in 1827 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taga is the surname of the following people: Imaye Taga (born 1985), Ethiopian-born Israeli footballer Mosese Taga (born 1964), Fijian rugby union player Nicolae Țaga (born 1967), Romanian rower Saveneca Taga, Fijian rugby league player Tamiyo Taga, Indian politician Taga Takatada (1425–1486), Japanese military leader See also Tyagi

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