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50447 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorawa%20%28kauye%29 | Dorawa (kauye) | Dorawa wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Dutsin-Ma, a Jihar Katsina.
Manazarta |
45840 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joelma%20Viegas | Joelma Viegas | Joelma Patrícia da Cunha Viegas aka Cajó, (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 1986) 'yar wasan ƙwallon hannu ce daga Angola. Ta taka leda a kungiyar kwallon hannu ta mata ta Angola, kuma ta halarci gasar kwallon hannu ta mata ta duniya a shekarar 2011 a Brazil da kuma gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2012.
A matakin kulob din, tana buga wa kungiyar kwallon hannu ta Primeiro de Agosto ta Angola wasa a gasar kwallon hannu ta Angolan
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Joelma Viegas at Olympics.com
Joelma Viegas at Olympedia
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1986
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
58676 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koblerville | Koblerville | Koblerville ƙauye ne (wani lokaci ana kiransa ƙauye ko gunduma) a tsibirin Saipan a cikin Tsibirin Mariana ta Arewa.
Nassoshi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
47424 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Majeed%20Al-Mosawi | Abdul Majeed Al-Mosawi | Abdul Majeed Al-Mosawi (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Maris ɗin 1962) ɗan tseren Kuwaiti ne. Ya yi takara a tseren mita 100 na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazarar 1980.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1962 |
4692 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Archer | Lee Archer | Lee Archer (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
57903 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne%20Maynaud%20de%20Bizefranc%20de%20Laveaux | Etienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Laveaux | Étienne Maynaud de Bizefranc de Laveaux (ko Mayneaud,Lavaux ; 8 ga Agusta 1751 - 12 ga Mayu 1828)wani janar na Faransa ne wanda ya kasance Gwamnan Saint-Domingue daga 1793 zuwa 1796 a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa .Ya tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da dokar da ta 'yantar da bayi,kuma ta goyi bayan shugaban bakar fata Toussaint Louvertureq,wanda daga baya ya kafa jamhuriyar Haiti mai cin gashin kanta. Bayan Mayar da Bourbon ya kasance Mataimakin Saône-et-Loire daga 1820 zuwa 1823.
Shekarun farko
An haifi Etienne Mayneaud Bizefranc de Laveaux a ranar 8 ga Agusta 1751 a Digoin,Saône-et-Loire,Faransa.Ya fito ne daga tsohuwar dangin Burgundian mai daraja.Mahaifinsa shine Hugues,ubangijin Bizefranc,Laveaux da Pancemont (1716–1781),Mai karɓar Gonakin Sarki. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Marie-Jeanne de Baudoin.Shi ne na uku cikin ’ya’ya shida da aka haifa a tsakanin 1749 zuwa 1756. Kamar yadda aka saba ga ƙaramin ɗa,ya shiga aikin soja,ya shiga cikin magudanan ruwa na 16 yana ɗan shekara 17. Aikin sojan nasa ba shi da kyau.Da alama ya sau da yawa ya zauna a Paray-le-Monial, kusa da wurin haihuwarsa.A nan ne ya auri Marie-Jacobie-Sophie de Guillermin,'yar wani bawan Allah a cikin 1784.
Lokacin juyin juya hali
Shugaban sojoji
Juyin juya halin Faransa ya fara a shekara ta 1789.An ƙara Laveaux zuwa shugaban ƙungiyar a 1790,akuma ya zama babban kansila na Saône-et-Loire a wannan shekarar.Acikin 1791 an shigar da shi cikin wani al'amari na kudi na jabu,amma an wanke shi daga duk wani tuhuma kuma aka wanke shi.Ya isa Saint-Domingue a ranar 19 ga Satumba 1792 tare da kwamishinonin farar hula Léger-Félicité Sonthonax da Étienne Polverel a matsayin laftanar-kanar a matsayin kwamandan rundunar sojojin 200 na 16th rejist na dragoons.Kwamishinonin sun gano cewa da yawa daga cikin masu shukar farar fata sun kasance masu adawa da yunkurin juyin juya hali na karuwa kuma suna shiga cikin 'yan adawa na sarauta.Kwamishinonin sun sanar da cewa ba su yi niyyar kawar da bautar ba,aamma sun zo ne domin tabbatar da cewa ’yantattun mutane suna da hakki daidai ko wane irin launi ne.A watan Oktoba labari ya zo cewa an dakatar da sarki kuma Faransa yanzu jamhuriya ce.
An sanya Laveaux mai kula da yankin arewa maso yamma na mulkin mallaka, mai tushe a Port-de-Paix .Kwamandansa, Janar Rochambeau,ya yaba da halinsa na daukar sansanin Ouanaminthe da ke kan iyakar Spain a arewa maso gabas,wanda bakar fata ke rike da shi a cikin tawaye.Birnin Cap Français (Cap-Haïtien) a wannan lokacin yana cikin tashin hankali.Wasu daga cikin sojojin sun taimaka wa farar fata da suka dawo da tsarin bawa a cikin birni,yayin da wasu,musamman waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Laveaux,sun goyi bayan kwamishinonin farar hula kuma suna so su kare mulattoes,babban burin masu shuka.An daukaka Laveaux zuwa kwamandan lardin Arewa.
A cikin Janairu 1793 Laveux ya jagoranci rundunar da ta hada da sojoji masu launin fata a kan masu tayar da bayi a garin Milot kuma suka kori su zuwa cikin tsaunuka.A wannan watan an kashe Louis XVI a birnin Paris,kuma a watan Fabrairun Spain da Biritaniya suka shelanta yaki a kan Faransa.A watan Mayu ko Yuni 1793 shugaban 'yan tawayen bakar fata Toussaint Louverture ya tuntubi Laveaux kuma ya ba da shawarar "hanyoyin sulhu",amma Laveaux ya ƙi tayin nasa.
An nada François-Thomas Galbaud du Fort Gwamna Janar na Saint-Domingue a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1793 a madadin Jean-Jacques d'Esparbes.Ya isa Cap-Français (Cap-Haïtien)a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1793.A ranar 8 ga Mayu 1793 ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa Polvérel da Sonthonax yana sanar da zuwansa.Kwamishinonin sun isa Cap-Français a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1793,inda masu launin fata suka yi maraba da su amma sun sami liyafar sanyi daga fararen fata.Sun ji cewa Galbaud yana abokantaka da bangaren da ke adawa da hukumar,kuma ba su da niyyar yi musu biyayya.Polvérel da Sonthonax sun kore shi a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1793 kuma suka umarce shi da ya hau kan Normande kuma ya koma Faransa.Sun sanya Laveaux mukaddashin gwamna a madadinsa.
A ranar 20 ga Yuni 1793 Galbaud ya yi shelar cewa yana kan aiki kuma ya yi kira da a taimaka wajen korar kwamishinonin farar hula. Ya sauka a 3:30 da yamma a shugaban mutane 3,000, waɗanda ba su gamu da turjiya ba da farko.An yi fama da rikice-rikice tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da fararen fata masu goyon bayan Galbaud,da sojojin Turai,mulattoes da baƙar fata masu tayar da hankali don goyon bayan kwamishinoni. A ranar 21 ga Yuni 1793 kwamishinonin sun yi shelar cewa za a 'yantar da duk baƙar fata da za su yi yaƙi da su da Mutanen Espanya da sauran abokan gaba. 'Yan ta'addan bakar fata sun shiga cikin sojojin farar fata da na mulatto suka kori matukan jirgin daga birnin a ranakun 22-23 ga watan Yuni.Galbaud ya bar tare da jiragen ruwa da ke kan hanyar zuwa Amurka a ranar 24–25 ga Yuni.Kwamishinan Sonthonax ya yi shelar 'yanci na duniya a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1793.Bayan wata daya sojojin Birtaniya na farko sun sauka a Saint-Domin,don maraba da masu shuka fararen fata na sarauta da sojoji. |
60716 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlina%20Joseph | Darlina Joseph | Florsie-Love Darlina Joseph (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Haiti wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Grenoble Foot 38 da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Haiti . Ta na da 4 caps.
Ta yi takara a shekarar 2022 U-20 ta cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata, da shekara ta 2023 FIFA World Cup Women's World Cup .
Ta buga wa Don Bosco FC wasa.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Rayayyun mutane |
59513 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Abrahim%20%28Injiniya%29 | John Abrahim (Injiniya) | John P. Abraham farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar zafi a Jami'ar St.Thomas School of Engineering,Minnesota a Amurka.
Articles with hCards
A shekara ta 2009 ya fara nazarin kuskuren da'ake amfani dasu don inganta musanta canjin yanayi,kuma daga shekara ta 2010 ya zama fitaccen mai kare kimiyya acikin rikice-rikicen dumamar duniya.A wannan shekarar,ya taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da Kungiyar Saurin Saurin Kimiyya ta Yanayi.
Ayyuka
Abraham farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar thermalthermodynamics)da injiniyoyin ruwa a Jami'ar St. Thomas School of Engineering,Minnesota. Yankin bincikensa ya haɗada thermodynamics,canja wurin zafi,kwararar ruwa,simintin lamba,da makamashi.Bayan samun digiri na uku a Jami'ar Minnesota a 2002,ya shiga St.Thomas a matsayin malami mai koyarwa,daga baya ya zama cikakken memba na baiwa.Ya buga fiye da 200 takardu a cikin mujallu da taro,kuma tun 1997 ya kasance mai ba da shawara na injiniya da ke aiki akan binciken masana'antu a sararin samaniya,ilimin halittu,makamashi da masana'antu.Yana aiki akan ayyukan iska mai tsafta da sabuntawa da hasken rana a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa,kuma ya samar da littattafai masu yawa,kamar rubutu na 2014 akan ƙaramin ƙarfin iskarda kuma rubutun ƙasa na 2010 akan kwararar ruwa zuwa laminar.
Karkatar da musanta canjin yanayi
Ibrahim ya ji ya zama dole a amsa jawabin da aka ba Cibiyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta Minnesota a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009 ta sanannen mai musun dumamar yanayi na duniya, Christopher Monckton. Ya yi tunanin "wannan mutumin babban mai magana ne kuma yana da gamsarwa sosai. Idan ban san kimiyya ba, zan gaskata shi. Gaskiya ne, wadanda ba masana kimiyya ba a cikin masu sauraro ba su da dama.Ba su da hanyar sanin abin da ya ce ba gaskiya bane. Na ji Monckton ya yi amfani da su kuma ya san yana amfani da su. " A cikin watanni masu zuwa ya gudanar da bincike, ya tuntubi masana kimiyya da Monckton ya ambata, kuma a ƙarshen Mayu 2010, ya sanya bidiyon minti 83 a kan layi yana karyata maganganun Monckton. Wannan ya ja hankalin mutane da yawa da farko, har sai wani labarin George Monbiot da aka buga a cikin The Guardian ya nuna shi.
Gabatarwar Ibrahim da amsar daga Monckton daga baya sun sami kulawa a duk duniya. Kwanan nan, Ibrahim da abokan aiki da yawa ciki har da Michael E. Mann sun gabatar da takarda ga Majalisa ta Amurka wanda ya fara karyata kurakurai tara a cikin shaidar Christopher Monckton ta Mayu 6, 2010.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, Ibrahim (da abokan aiki guda biyu, Scott Mandia da Ray Weymann) sun kaddamar da Kungiyar Saurin Saurin Kimiyya ta Yanayi, don samar da saurin, ingantaccen bayanin kimiyya ga kafofin watsa labarai da masu yanke shawara na gwamnati. Manufar wannan rukuni ita ce ta ba da damar masana kimiyya su raba ayyukansu kai tsaye tare da jama'a. Wannan kokarin ya kasance a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. Kokarin yana da shafin kan layi don kafofin watsa labarai su gabatar da tambayoyinsu.
Ibrahim ya kiyasta a farkon 2012 cewa tun lokacin da ya fara karkatar da shi ya sanya kimanin sa'o'i 1,000 da ba a biya shi ba a cikin aiki kan canjin yanayi da jayayya. Ya ba da jawabai da yawa don yada batutuwan dumamar yanayi, amma ba ya karɓar kuɗi don binciken yanayi ko neman girmamawa don jawabai: idan an ba da biyan kuɗi sai ya nemi ya tafi St. Thomas ko kuma sadaka.
Manazarta
Haɗin waje
Rayayyun mutane
University of St. Thomas |
44167 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Gabr | Ali Gabr | Ali Gabr Gabr Mossad ( ; an haife shi 1 ga watan Janairun 1989), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Masar wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar Pyramids ta Premier League da kuma ƙungiyar Masar ta ƙasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya .
Aikin kulob
Zamalek SC
Gabr ya ƙulla yarjejeniya da Zamalek a watan Yunin 2014. Ƙwallon da ya yi ya sa aka zaɓe shi a cikin tawagar ƙasar Masar. Zamalek ya lashe gasar Premier ta Masar 2014-2015.
West Bromwich Albion
A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2018, Gabr ya koma West Bromwich Albion a kan yarjejeniyar lamuni ta watanni shida da ta kai Yuro 500,000 tare da zaɓin Yuro miliyan 2.5 don siya a ƙarshen kakar wasa tare da Zamalek yana riƙe da kashi 10% na siyarwa.
Dala
A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin 2018, Gabr ya shiga Pyramids bayan West Bromwich ta ki amincewa da zabin shiga mai tsaron gida a kan yarjejeniyar dindindin.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1989 |
17582 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Joda | Ahmed Joda | À
Ahmed Joda (1930-2021) shugaba ne a gwamnatin yankin Arewa sannan ma'aikacin gwamnatin tarayya. Ya yi ritaya a matsayin Babban Sakatare a Ma’aikatar Masana’antu
Tarihi
Ahmed Joda haifaffen garin Yola ne daga gidan Fulani a shekara ta 1930, babban kakansa shine Modibbo Raji, malamin addinin musulinci a karni na 19 kuma yayi zamani da Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio. Ahmed Joda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Yola da Yola Middle kafin ya zarce zuwa kwalejin Barewa daga 1945 zuwa 1948. Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Moor Plantation da ke Ibadan, sannan daga baya ya zama jami’in aikin gona a Yola kafin ya shiga fannin aikin jarida a Gaskiya Corporation da ke Zariya. Sannan ya halarci kwalejin Pitmans, Landan daga 1954 zuwa 1956. Bayan dawowarsa ya zama wakili a Gidan Rediyon Najeriya daga 1956 zuwa 1960.
Ya kuma kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta 1988 wacce ta tsara mika mulki ga Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta Uku. A shekarar 1999, aka nada shi kwamiti mai ba da shawara ga fadar shugaban kasa kan kawar da talauci kuma a shekarar 2015, ya jagoranci sauya shekar shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari.
Manazarta
https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/joda-alh-ahmed-mohammed/
https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/from-kaduna-mafia-to-caliphate.html
http://yaraduafoundation.org/biafra50/alhaji-ahmed-joda-speech.html
https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/1959622 |
47782 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Ajiba | Tafsir Ibn Ajiba | Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsirul Qur'an al-Majeed ( ' Teku Mai Fadi A cikin Tafsirin Alqur'ani Mai Girma ' ) ko kuma ba da jimawa ba mai suna al-Baḥr al-Madīd ( English: ), wanda aka fi sani da Tafsiri Ibn 'Ajiba ( ), aiki ne na tafsirin Sufanci na Sunna, wanda Malikiyya - malamin Ash'ari Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1224/1809), wanda ya kasance yana bin umarnin Shadhili - Darqawi .
Articles containing Arabic-language text
Ita ce kawai tafsirin Ƙur'ani na gargajiya wanda ya ba da tafsirin tsattsauran ra'ayi da na sufanci, ishara ta ruhi ga kowace aya ta Kur'ani, tana haɗa tafsirin gargajiya tare da tunani na ruhaniya, da bincika ma'anar zahiri da ɓoye na nassi mai tsarki.
Mai karatu zai sami tafsiri mai ban sha'awa da na esoteric a kan mafi yawan ayoyin Ƙur'ani, sannan zai gano zurfafan da Sufaye suka fahimci maganar Ƙur'ani tsawon shekaru aru-aru har zuwa zamanin marubuci.
An rubuta tafsirin Ibn Ajiba a cikin kimanin shekaru biyar.
Fage
Ibn Ajiba ya dogara da tafsirinsa da madogara da dama, kamar yadda shi da kansa ya ambata a ƙarshen tafsirinsa, daga cikinsu akwai:
Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil na NasirulDin al-Baydawi (d. 685/1286).
Irshad al-Aql al-Salim ila Mazaya al-Kitab al-Karim na Ebussuud Efendi (d. 982/1574).
Hashiya (labari) akan Tafsir al-Jalalayn na Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi (d. 1096/1685).
Al-Tashil li-Ulum al-Tanzil na Ibn Juzayy (d. 741/1340).
Al-Kashf wa al-Bayan na Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi (d. 427/1035).
Lata'if al-Isharat na Abu al-Qasim al-Qushayri (d. 465/1074).
Amma mabubbugar Hadisinsa, su ne manyan tarin Hadisai guda shida ( al-Kutub al-Sittah ) na Musulunci Ahlus Sunna da tafsirinsu masu daraja.
Madogararsa na harshe su ne: Al-Alfiyya, al-Kafiyya al-Shafiyya na Ibn Malik, al-Tasheel na Ibn Hisham ; da littafan ma’anoni na Alkur’ani, kamar Ma’ani al-Qur’an na al-Farra’ da al-Zajjaj ; da kuma littattafan ƙamus/kamus, kamar al-Sihah na al-Jawhari, da Asas al-Balagha na al-Zamakhshari .
Yawancin mabubbugar Sufaye na tafsirinsa sun fito ne daga Arewacin Afirka, Andalus, ko Masar . Ya kawo daga malamai kamar al-Junayd, al-Qushayri, al-Ghazali, al-Shadhili, al-Mursi, al-Sakandari, al-Darqawi, Muhammad al-Buzidi, al-Jili, al-Shushtari, al-Bistami, Zarruq ɗan Ruzbihan al-Baqli . Har yanzu dai abin da Ibn Ajiba ya kawo daga Ruzbihan ba a kula da shi ba, domin Ibn Ajiba ya ambace shi da “al-Wartajbi” ( . ). [Note 1]
Game da marubucin
Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba Shadhili ne - Shaihin Darqawi wanda ya rubuta littafan Sufanci sama da 30. An haife shi a wani ƙauye kusa da Tetouan ga dangin sharifian, waɗanda suka samo asali daga ƙauyen tsaunin Andalusia da ake kira 'Ayn al-Rumman ("Baƙin Ruman"). Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna basirar ilimin addini kuma ya zama almajiri na gargajiya . Hankalinsa ya canza lokacin da ya karanta (hikimomi ko aphoriss na Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari ) tare da sharhin Ibn 'Abbad al-Rundi (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 792 AH/1390 miladiyya), wanda ya ba da gudunmawa wajen yaduwar ɗa'ar Shadiliyya a Magrib . (arewa maso yammacin Afirka).
Bayanan kula
Duba kuma
Tafsirin Nisaburi
Jerin ayyukan tafsiri
Jerin littafan Sunna
Manazarta
Kara karantawa
سير الركائب النجيبة بأخبار الشيخ ابن عجيبة، تأليف: أحمد بن محمد بن الصديق الغماري
الشيخ أحمد بن عجيبة ومنهجه في التفسير، تأليف: حسن عزوزي
أعمال ندوة: الشيخ أحمد ابن عجيبة المفكر والعالم الصوفي
التصوف كوعي وممارسة: دراسة في الفلسفة الصوفية عند أحمد بن عجيبة
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Tafsir Ibn Ajiba
Esoteric Hermeneutic na Ibn 'Ajiba
Suratul Kausar: Sufi Tafsir: ibn 'Ajiba
Abin lura Daga Mai Fassara: Tafsirin Ibn Ajiba na Aya ta 1-5 ta Suratul Kahf.
Soyayyar Allah a cikin Al'adun Sufaye na Moroko: Ibn 'Ajība (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1224/1809) da tafsirinsa na Alkur'ani a cikin teku.
Hanyar Falsafa a Tafsirin Kur'ani Sufaye |
2978 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98irinjijiya | Ƙirinjijiya | Ƙirinjijiya ko Kirinjiya (Dendrocygna viduata) tsuntsu ne.
Manazarta
Tsuntsu |
18711 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besullo%20%28Allande%29 | Besullo (Allande) | Besullo wani yanki ne (yanki na gudanarwa) a cikin Allande, wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin kuma tana da ikon mallakar Asturias, a arewacin Spain .
Yana da a cikin girman Yawan mutane 109.
Kauyuka da ƙauyuka
Comba
Farniellas ("Furniellas")
Fuentes ("Kamar yadda Fontes")
Iboyo ("Iboyu")
Noceda
Sananne mutane
An haifi Alejandro Casona, ya kasan ce wani ɗan wasan Sifen mai wasan kwaikwayo kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, a garin Besullo. |
28766 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurit%20Karlin | Nurit Karlin | Nurit Karlin (26 Disamba 1938 - 30 Afrilu 2019) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Isra'ila, wacce aka sani da zane-zanenta a cikin The New Yorker .
Karlin ta shiga The New Yorker a matsayin mai zane-zane na yau da kullun a cikin 1974 kuma ta yi aiki a can tsawon shekaru goma sha hudu.
Ta rubuta littafin yara na 1996 The Fat Cat Sat akan Mat .
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1938 |
57223 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teghra | Teghra | Gari ne da yake a Yankin Begusarai dake a karkashin jahar Bihar a kasar indiya. Akidayar shekarar 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 56,234.
Manazarta |
41974 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masarautar%20Bade | Masarautar Bade | Masarautar Bade masarauta ce ta gargajiya wacce ke da hedikwata a Gashua, Jihar Yobe, Najeriya . Alhaji Abubakar Umar Suleiman shi ne Sarkin Bade (Mai Bade) na 11, wanda aka yi masa rawani a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2005.
Tarihi
Bade, kamar sauran ƙabilun Nijeriya, sun bi diddigin bullowarsu da kafuwarsu ta hanyar baka da wasu takardu da aka rubuta. Al’adun da suka shafi asalin Bade ya zama ruwan dare musamman a tsakanin mutanen Bade su kansu da kuma al’ummar da ke makwabtaka da su. Yana da kyau a lura cewa al’adar hijirar Bade daga Gabas ba wai kawai al’amari ne na Bade ba, har ma da yawan kabilun Arewa-maso-Gabas da galibin sassan Nijeriya gaba daya sun yi ikirarin asalin Gabas ne. Amma ana iya cewa mutanen Bade daga Larabawa ne kuma suka yi hijira saboda wasu dakarun tarihi da ba a fayyace su ba, wanda ya sa suka zauna a masarautar Bade a yau. Suka koma yamma suka zo Dadigar a ƙaramar hukumar Bursari a jihar Yobe a yau. Nan suka rabu gida hudu. A cikin wani rahoto da Mista Lethem, mataimakin jami’in gundumar (ADO) kan sashen Nguru ya hada, ‘Sarkin yana da wata mata mai suna Walu wadda ta haifa masa ƴaƴa huɗu; Ago, Muza, Amsagiya and Buyam. A Dadigar, waɗannan ƴan’uwa huɗu sun tsai da shawara cewa za su raba kowane ɗayansu. Ago, babba ya zauna a inda yake kuma ya zama kakan Bade (Yerima, 2017). Bade yana yarda da wannan sigar a duk faɗin Masarautar. Da na biyu Muza, ya tafi arewa kuma ya zama kakan Tourek, Amsagiya ya zama kakannin Kindin yayin da Ngizim ya fito daga Buyam, wanda ya tafi kudu. Mutanen Bade sun zauna a yankinsu na yanzu tun farkon c.1300 (Hogben da Kirk-Greene, 1963), zuwa 1750, sun kafa rukunin danginsu daban-daban a ƙarƙashin shugabanninsu da ake kira Dugums. Sakamakon hare-haren Kanuri da Fulani, Lawan Babuje na ƙabilar Gid-gid ya nemi goyon bayan sauran sarakunan Bade na Dumbari, Dagilwa, Garun-dole, Katamma, Tagali da Gunkwai tare da kafa kungiyar Pan-Bade da ta kawo Bade baki daya. dangi karkashin jagoranci daya kuma sun kare kansu daga hare-haren kasashen waje. Ana bikin Bade Fishing Festival a Bade Emirate. BADE FISHING FESTIVAL Wanda aka fi sani da Mauyi-Ganga Fishing Festival. An fara ne a ƙaramar hukumar Bade da ke jihar Yobe a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya a zamanin mulkin Mai Aji, tun da farko dai a matsayin bikin kamun kifi, amma a tsawon shekarun da aka yi ana gudanar da bikin kamun kifi da al’adu. Ya zama abin tarihi da za a yi la'akari da shi, yana girma a hankali zuwa ayyukan al'adu na ƙasa. Yankin ya kunshi yankin kogi mai albarka (Mauyi Gaga Riverside na Garin Gogaram) inda ake noman ban ruwa da yawa a wani ƙaramin gari mai suna Gogaram inda aka saba gudanar da bikin.
Galibin masunta mabiya addinin Islama ne kuma galibinsu manoma ne.
Gogaram babbar cibiyar tarihi ce a karamar hukumar Bade ga masu ziyara a fadin duniya.
Babban makasudin bikin kamun kifi na Bade shi ne don raya hadin kai da kuma taimakawa wajen daga martabar jihar Yobe a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido da kuma inganta kuɗaɗen shiga tsakanin jama’a da kuma a matakin daidaiku.
TARIHI An fara bikin kamun kifi na Bade ne a shekarar 1938 a zamanin mulkin Mai Aji, tun da farko dai a matsayin bikin kamun kifi, amma tsawon shekaru ya rikide zuwa gagarumin bikin kamun kifi da al'adu[3]. Majiyoyin da ke da masaniya kan bukukuwan kamun kifi na Mauyi-Ganga ko Bade sun sanar da cewa, kafin a farfado da bikin, kowane kauyukan masarautar ya gudanar da bukukuwan kamun kifi na daban; tun daga shekarar 1956; wanda har yanzu ana yiwa lakabi da bikin Kamun kifi na Mauyi-Ganga, wanda aka yi imanin ya samo asali ne daga kogin Alkamaram. Bayanai sun nuna cewa Mauyi-Ganga ya samo asali ne a cikin tatsuniyar tatsuniyar da aka ɗaure ta da mai ganga daga wani tarihi mai nisa. A cewar Alhaji Mamman Suleiman, Maji Dadi na Bade, wanda kuma shi ne Sakataren Majalisar Masarautar Bade, Mauyi-Ganga ra’ayoyi ne da suka samo asali daga mai ganga tun da dadewa. A cewarsa, akwai wata katuwar bishiyar tamarind a bakin kogin Mauyi inda mazauna karkara sukan taru suna wasa. Da yake ba da labarin haifuwar al’adar, Alhaji Suleiman ya ce, “Bayan an yi nishadi ne, sai wani mai ganga ya manta da gangunansa, sai abokan aikinsa suka tambaye shi yayin da ya shiga kauyen inda ake buga ganga,” ya kara da cewa A. drum yana cikin abubuwa masu kima saboda an yi amfani da shi wajen nishadantarwa da kuma isar da sakwanni masu karfi a tsakanin al’umma.” Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa mai yin kadin ya amsa cewa bai da tabbacin ko ya bar ta a bakin kogin. An ce mutanen kauyen sun koma kogin ne domin neman gangunan da ya bata. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa, Sakataren Masarautar Bade ya ce tun a wancan lokaci ana kiran wurin da sunan Mauyi-Ganga, kuma ana amfani da shi wajen gudanar da bikin kamun kifi na shekara-shekara, wanda ke jawo masu yawon bude ido daga ciki da wajen jihar. Abin takaici, a 1993 ko kuma a wajen bikin ya tsaya saboda wasu dalilai, kuma a yanzu da muke ta kokarin ganin an kawo sauyi, gwamnatin Yobe da kuma al’ummar Masarautar Bade suka yanke shawarar cewa mu farfado da wannan biki, mu kuma karfafa taron domin amfanin al’umma. mutanen mu ban da raya al'adunmu. Ko da yake an sake farfado da bikin kamun kifi na Mauyi-Ganga a watan Fabrairun 2020, bayan da aka gudanar da shi na karshe sama da shekaru 24 da suka gabata, wadanda kasuwancinsu ya kamata su sani sun ce ya shafe shekaru 60[7]. GASARWA A ranar karshe ta bikin ne ake gudanar da gasar inda dubban mutane suka yi jerin gwano a bakin kogin da kuma jin karar harbin bindiga, dukkansu sun tsallake rijiya da baya suna daf da kama kifi mafi girma. Wanda ya yi nasara da kifin mafi girma yakan je yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da fitattun baƙi, wanda ke da mafi girma a kasuwa yakan tafi gida tare da babban kama a rana. Kayan aikin gargajiya ne kawai aka yarda a gasar. MANUFAR A cewar ’yan majalisar Bade Emerate, “Bikin kamun kifi wani karin hanyar samun kudaden shiga ne ga jama’armu, da samar da ayyukan yi da wadata, kuma ba shakka jiharmu za ta yi amfani wajen samar da kudaden shiga ta hanyar da ta dace. Harajin Ciki (IGR)." Hakanan ya haɗa da kamun kifi don nishaɗi, Haɗin kai da Nishaɗi. 2020 BADE FISHING BESTIVAL bugu na 38 tun da aka kafa shi, bikin na 2020 ya dauki tsawon kwanaki biyu ana baje kolin raye-rayen gargajiya, baje kolin mafarauta, jifan mashi, ninkaya a kan calabash, da gasar kamun kifi da dai sauransu. Wanda ya fi kama shi an ba shi keken keke mai uku wanda aka fi sani da Keke napep[10]. Bikin dai ya samu halartar shugaban majalisar dattawa, gwamnan jihar Yobe gami da wasu manyan baƙi a ciki da wajen jihar.
Masu mulki
Sarakunan Masarautar:
Manazarta |
58175 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikwechegh | Ikwechegh | Ikwechegh sunan sunan Najeriya ne na asalin Igbo.Fitattun mutane masu sunan suna sun haɗa da:
Amadi Ikwechegh (1951-2009),gwamnan soja na jihar Imo, Nigeria
Alex Mascot Ikwechegh,ɗan siyasan Najeriya,ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan agaji |
26328 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toumodi-Sakassou | Toumodi-Sakassou | Toumodi-Sakassou wani gari ne a tsakiyar Ivory Coast . Yana da wani sub-prefecture na Sakassou Department a Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District .
Toumodi-Sakassou wata ƙungiya ce har zuwa watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, lokacin da ta zama ɗaya daga cikin larduna 1126 na ƙasar da aka soke.
A cikin shekara ta 2014, yawan ƙaramar hukumar Toumodi-Sakassou ya kai 4,429.
Ƙauyuka
Ƙauyuka guda 2 na ƙaramar hukumar Toumodi-Sakassou da yawansu a shekara ta 2014 sune kamar haka:
Kongo (2 002)
Toumodi-Sakassou (2 427)
Manazarta
Birane
Garuruwa
Kauyuka a Nisko
Gine-gine |
48664 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafiyar%20muhalli | Lafiyar muhalli | Lafiyar muhalli reshe ne na kiwon lafiyar jama'a da ke kula da duk wani nau'i na yanayin halitta da ginannen, yanayin da ke shafar lafiyar ɗan adam. Don sarrafa abubuwan da za su iya shafar lafiya yadda ya kamata, dole ne a ƙayyade buƙatun da dole ne a cika don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau. Manyan ƙananan ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiyar muhalli sune kimiyyar muhalli, toxicology, ilimin cututtuka na muhalli, da muhalli da likitancin sana'a.
Ma'anoni
Ma'anar WHO
An bayyana lafiyar muhalli a cikin takardar, A shekara ta 1989 ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a matsayin: Waɗancan abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar ɗan adam da cututtuka waɗanda abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli suka ƙaddara. Hakanan ana kiransa ka'idar da aiki na samun dama da sarrafa abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin da zai iya shafar lafiya.
Takardar WHO ta 1990 ta bayyana cewa lafiyar muhalli, kamar yadda Ofishin Yanki na WHO na Turai ya yi amfani da shi, "ya haɗa da duka tasirin cutar kai tsaye na sinadarai, radiation da wasu kwayoyin halitta, da kuma tasirin (sau da yawa kaikaice) kan lafiya da walwala na fa'ida. yanayin jiki, tunani, zamantakewa da al'adu, wanda ya hada da gidaje, ci gaban birane, amfani da filaye da sufuri."
Kamar yadda na 2016 [sabuntawa], shafin yanar gizon WHO game da lafiyar muhalli ya bayyana cewa "Lafiyar muhalli tana magance duk abubuwan da ke cikin jiki, sinadarai, da kwayoyin halitta na waje ga mutum, da duk abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka shafi halayen halayen. Ya ƙunshi kima da kula da waɗannan muhalli.
abubuwan da za su iya yin tasiri ga lafiya, an yi niyya ne don hana cututtuka da samar da yanayi masu tallafawa kiwon lafiya, wannan ma'anar ya keɓance dabi'un da ba su da alaƙa da muhalli, da kuma halayen da suka shafi yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu, da kuma kwayoyin halitta."
Hukumar ta WHO ta kuma ayyana ayyukan kula da muhalli a matsayin “waɗanda ke aiwatar da manufofin kiwon lafiyar muhalli ta hanyar sa ido da ayyukan sarrafawa. Har ila yau, suna gudanar da wannan rawar ta hanyar inganta haɓakar sigogin muhalli da kuma ƙarfafa yin amfani da fasaha da halaye masu dacewa da muhalli. Har ila yau, suna da rawar da za su taka wajen haɓakawa da kuma ba da shawarar sabbin fannonin manufofi."
Sauran la'akari
Ana iya ganin kalmar maganin muhalli a matsayin ƙwararrun likitanci, ko reshe na fage na fannin lafiyar muhalli.
Ƙididdiga ba ta cika cika ba, kuma a yawancin ƙasashen Turai ana amfani da su tare.
Kiwon lafiyar muhalli na yara shine horo na ilimi wanda ke nazarin yadda bayyanar muhalli a farkon rayuwa-sunadarai, abinci mai gina jiki, da zamantakewa-tasirin lafiya da ci gaba a lokacin ƙuruciya da duk tsawon rayuwar ɗan adam.
Sauran sharuɗɗan da ke magana ko game da lafiyar muhalli sun haɗa da lafiyar jama'a da kare lafiya.
Ladabi
Daban-daban na asali guda biyar gabaɗaya suna ba da gudummawa ga fannin kiwon lafiyar muhalli: cututtukan muhalli, toxicology, kimiyyar fallasa, injiniyan muhalli, da dokar muhalli . Kowane ɗayan waɗannan fannoni biyar suna ba da gudummawar bayanai daban-daban don bayyana matsaloli da mafita a cikin lafiyar muhalli. Duk da haka, akwai wasu jeri a tsakanin su.
Ilimin cututtukan muhalli yana nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da muhalli (ciki har da fallasa ga sinadarai, radiation, magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu) da lafiyar ɗan adam. Nazarin lura, wanda kawai ke lura da fallasa da mutane suka rigaya suka fuskanta, sun zama ruwan dare a cikin ilimin cututtukan muhalli saboda ba za a iya fallasa ɗan adam cikin ɗabi'a ga jami'an da aka sani ko ake zargin suna haifar da cuta ba. Yayin da rashin iya amfani da zane-zane na gwajin gwaji shine iyakancewar cututtukan cututtukan muhalli, wannan horo kai tsaye yana lura da tasiri akan lafiyar ɗan adam maimakon ƙididdige tasirin daga nazarin dabbobi. Kwayar cuta ta muhalli ita ce nazarin tasirin lafiyar ɗan adam na abubuwan da ke tattare da lafiyar jiki, ilimin halitta, da sinadarai a cikin muhallin waje, wanda aka ɗauka gabaɗaya. Har ila yau, nazarin takamaiman al'ummomi ko al'ummomin da aka fallasa ga mahallin yanayi daban-daban, Cutar cututtuka a cikin muhallinmu na da nufin fayyace dangantakar da ke tsakanin abubuwan jiki, ilimin halitta ko sinadarai da lafiyar ɗan adam.
Toxicology yana nazarin yadda bayyanar muhalli ke haifar da takamaiman sakamakon kiwon lafiya, gabaɗaya a cikin dabbobi, a matsayin hanyar fahimtar yiwuwar sakamakon lafiya a cikin mutane. Toxicology yana da damar samun damar gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar da sauran nazarin gwaji saboda suna iya amfani da abubuwan dabba. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin ilimin halittar dabbobi da na ɗan adam, kuma ana iya samun rashin tabbas sosai yayin fassara sakamakon binciken dabbobi don tasirin su ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
Kimiyyar fallasa tana nazarin fallasa ɗan adam ga gurɓataccen muhalli ta hanyar ganowa da ƙididdige fallasa. Za a iya amfani da kimiyyar fallasa don tallafawa cututtukan cututtukan muhalli ta hanyar mafi kyawun kwatanta bayyanar muhalli wanda zai iya haifar da wani sakamako na kiwon lafiya, gano abubuwan da aka saba gani waɗanda sakamakon lafiyar su za a iya fahimtar su ta hanyar binciken toxicology, ko kuma ana iya amfani da su a cikin kima na haɗari don sanin ko halin yanzu matakan fallasa na iya wuce matakan da aka ba da shawarar.Kimiyyar fallasa tana da fa'idar kasancewa iya ƙididdige bayyanannun bayanai ga takamaiman sinadarai, amma ba ta haifar da wani bayani game da sakamakon lafiya kamar cututtukan muhalli ko toxicology.
Injiniyan muhalli yana amfani da ka'idodin kimiyya da injiniya don kariya ga yawan jama'a daga illolin muggan abubuwan muhalli; kariya daga mahalli daga abubuwan da za su iya halakar da ayyukan halitta da na ɗan adam; da ingantaccen ingancin muhalli gabaɗaya.
Dokokin muhalli sun haɗa da hanyar sadarwa na yarjejeniyoyin, dokoki, ƙa'idodi, dokokin gama gari da na al'ada waɗanda ke magance tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan yanayin yanayi.
Ana iya haɗa bayanai daga ilimin cututtuka, toxicology, da kimiyyar fallasa don gudanar da kimanta haɗarin takamaiman sinadarai, gaurayawan sinadarai ko wasu abubuwan haɗari don sanin ko fallasa yana haifar da babban haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam (wataƙila fallasa zai iya haifar da haɓakar gurɓatawa- cututtuka masu alaka ). Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan don haɓakawa da aiwatar da manufofin kiwon lafiyar muhalli waɗanda, alal misali, ke daidaita fitar da sinadarai, ko kuma sanya ƙa'idodi na tsaftar muhalli. Ayyukan aikin injiniya da doka za a iya haɗa su don samar da haɗarin haɗari don ragewa, saka idanu, da kuma sarrafa tasirin tasiri don kare lafiyar ɗan adam don cimma manufofin manufofin kiwon lafiyar muhalli.
Damuwa
Kiwon lafiya na muhalli yana magance duk abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar ɗan adam na muhallin halitta da ginin muhalli. Abubuwan da ke damun lafiyar muhalli sun haɗa da:
Biosafety .
Shirye-shiryen bala'i da martani.
Amintaccen abinci, gami da a cikin noma, sufuri, sarrafa abinci, jigilar kayayyaki da rarrabawa da siyarwa.
Gidaje, ciki har da rashin ingancin gidaje da kuma duba gidajen yari da gidajen yari .
Rigakafin cutar da gubar ƙuruciya.
Shirye-shiryen amfani da ƙasa, gami da haɓaka mai wayo .
Zubar da sharar ruwa, gami da masana'antar sarrafa ruwan sharar birni da tsarin zubar da ruwan sharar gida, kamar tsarin tankin ruwa da bandakunan sinadarai .
Gudanar da sharar likita da zubar.
Lafiyar sana'a da tsaftar masana'antu .
Lafiyar radiyo, gami da fallasa zuwa ionizing radiation daga radiyon X ko isotopes na rediyoaktif .
Rigakafin rashin lafiyar ruwa na nishaɗi, gami da daga wuraren waha, wuraren shakatawa da teku da wuraren wanka na ruwa .
Sarrafa shara mai ƙarfi, gami da wuraren zubar da ƙasa, wuraren sake yin amfani da su, takin zamani da tashoshi masu ɗorewa.
Bayyanar sinadarai mai guba ko a cikin samfuran mabukaci, gidaje, wuraren aiki, iska, ruwa ko ƙasa.
Kula da vector, gami da sarrafa sauro, rodents, kwari, kyankyasai da sauran dabbobin da zasu iya yada cututtuka.
Dangane da alkaluma na baya-bayan nan, kusan kashi 5 zuwa 10 cikin 100 na shekarun da suka daidaita nakasa (DALYs) sun rasa su ne saboda dalilai na muhalli a Turai. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi mahimmancin al'amari shine gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta a cikin iskar birane. Hakazalika, an yi kiyasin ficewar muhalli zai ba da gudummawar mutuwar mutane miliyan 4.9 (8.7%) da kuma DALY miliyan 86 (5.7%) a duniya. A Amurka, an gano wuraren Superfund da kamfanoni daban-daban suka kirkira suna da illa ga lafiyar dan adam da muhalli a cikin al'ummomin da ke kusa. Wannan barazana ce da aka yi hasashe, da ta daɗa kallon zubar da ciki, maye gurbi, lahani na haihuwa, da ciwon daji wanda ya fi firgita jama'a.
ingancin iska
Ingancin iska ya haɗa da ingancin iska na waje da ingancin iska na cikin gida . Babban damuwa game da ingancin iska sun haɗa da hayaƙin taba muhalli, gurɓataccen iska ta nau'ikan sharar sinadarai, da sauran damuwa.
ingancin iska na waje
Gurbacewar iska ita ce ke haifar da mutuwar mutane sama da miliyan 6.5 a duk duniya. Gurbacewar iska ita ce gurbatar yanayi saboda kasancewar abubuwa masu illa ga lafiyar halittu masu rai, muhalli ko yanayi. Wadannan abubuwa sun shafi jami'an kiwon lafiya na muhalli tun da gurɓataccen iska sau da yawa yana haifar da haɗari ga cututtuka da ke da alaka da gurɓata, kamar ciwon huhu, cututtuka na numfashi, fuka, cututtukan zuciya, da sauran nau'o'in cututtuka masu alaka da numfashi. Rage gurɓataccen iska, da haɓaka ingancin iska, an gano yana rage yawan mace-macen manya.
Kayayyakin gama gari da ke da alhakin fitar da hayaki sun haɗa da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, samar da makamashi, konewar gida, zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da motocin motsa jiki, da sauran nau'ikan gurɓatattun abubuwa. Wadannan gurbatacciyar iska ce ke haifar da konewar man fetur, wanda zai iya fitar da barbashi masu cutarwa zuwa cikin iskar da mutane da sauran halittu suke shaka ko sha.
Gurbacewar iska tana da alaƙa da illar lafiya kamar cututtukan numfashi da cututtukan zuciya, ciwon daji, cututtukan da ke da alaƙa, har ma da mutuwa. Haɗarin gurɓataccen iska yana ƙayyade haɗarin gurɓataccen iska da kuma yawan fallasa da ke shafar mutum. Alal misali, yaron da ke buga wasanni a waje zai sami mafi girman yuwuwar bayyanar gurɓataccen iska a waje idan aka kwatanta da babban mutum wanda ke son yin karin lokaci a cikin gida, ko a wurin aiki ko kuma a wani wuri. Jami'an kiwon lafiya na muhalli suna aiki don gano mutanen da ke cikin haɗari mafi girma na cinye gurɓataccen iska, aiki don rage bayyanar su, da gano abubuwan haɗari da ke cikin al'ummomi.
ingancin iska na cikin gida
Gurbacewar iska na gida yana ba da gudummawa ga cututtuka da ke kashe kusan mutane miliyan 4.3 a kowace shekara. Gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida yana ba da gudummawa ga abubuwan haɗari ga cututtuka kamar cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan huhu, bugun jini, ciwon huhu, da sauran cututtuka masu alaƙa. Ga mutane masu rauni waɗanda ke ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a cikin gida, kamar yara da tsofaffi, ƙarancin ingancin iska na cikin gida na iya zama haɗari.
Kona mai kamar gawayi ko kananzir a cikin gidaje na iya haifar da fitar da sinadarai masu haɗari a cikin iska. Danshi da gyaɗa a cikin gidaje na iya haifar da cututtuka suma, amma kaɗan an yi nazari akan ƙura a makarantu da wuraren aiki. Ana ɗaukar hayakin taba a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa ga gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida, tun da fallasa hayaki na biyu da na hannu na uku abu ne na gama gari. Hayakin taba ya ƙunshi fiye da 60 carcinogens, inda kashi 18% aka sani da carcinogens na ɗan adam. Bayyana wadannan sinadarai na iya haifar da cutar asma, haɓaka cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan zuciya, da haɓaka yiwuwar haɓakar ciwon daji.
Sauyin yanayi da illolinsa ga lafiya
Canjin yanayi yana sa al'amuran yanayi masu tsananin gaske, gami da abubuwan da suka faru na smog na ozone, guguwar ƙura, da haɓakar matakan aerosol, duk saboda tsananin zafi, fari, iska, da ruwan sama. Wadannan matsanancin yanayin yanayi na iya ƙara yuwuwar rashin abinci mai gina jiki, mace-mace, rashin abinci, da cututtuka masu saurin yanayi a cikin mutane masu rauni. Tasirin sauyin yanayi duk duniya ne ke ji, amma bai dace ba yana shafar al'ummomin da ba su da galihu waɗanda ke fuskantar matsalar sauyin yanayi .
Tasirin yanayi na iya yin tasiri ga kamuwa da cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa ta hanyar karuwar yawan kwararar ruwa, yawan ruwan sama mai yawa, da kuma tasirin guguwa mai tsanani. Matsanancin yanayi da guguwa za su iya zarce ƙarfin abubuwan samar da ruwa, wanda zai iya ƙara yuwuwar cewa al'umma za su iya kamuwa da waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa. Ana iya kamuwa da waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin al'ummomi masu ƙarancin kuɗi, inda ba su da isassun kayan aikin da za su iya magance bala'o'in yanayi kuma ba sa iya murmurewa daga lalacewar ababen more rayuwa cikin sauri.
Matsaloli kamar asarar gidaje, ƙaunatattuna, da hanyoyin rayuwa na baya, galibi su ne abin da mutane ke fuskanta bayan bala'in yanayi. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na iya haifar da rauni a cikin nau'in damuwa na araha na gidaje, ƙananan kuɗin shiga gida, rashin haɗin kai, baƙin ciki, da damuwa a kusa da wani bala'i da ke faruwa.
Wariyar launin fata ta muhalli
Ana iya sanya wasu ƙungiyoyin mutane cikin haɗari mafi girma don haɗarin muhalli kamar iska, ƙasa da gurɓataccen ruwa. Wannan sau da yawa yana faruwa saboda warewar jama'a, tsarin tattalin arziki da siyasa, da wariyar launin fata. Wariyar kabilanci ta musamman tana shafar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a duniya, duk da haka galibin ƙungiyoyin da aka fi sani da kowane yanki ana shafa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin da aka ware galibi ana sanya su kusa da tushen gurɓata kamar manyan tituna, wuraren sharar guba, wuraren share ƙasa, da tsire-tsire masu guba. A cikin wani bincike na 2021, an gano cewa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci da ƙabilanci a Amurka suna fuskantar ƙazamin gurɓataccen iska. Manufofin gidaje na kabilanci da ke wanzuwa a Amurka suna ci gaba da ƙara ƙara ƙazamar ƙabilar ƙabilanci ga gurɓacewar iska a daidai gwargwado, duk da cewa gabaɗayan matakan gurɓatawa sun ragu. Hakazalika, a cikin wani bincike na 2022, an nuna cewa aiwatar da sauye-sauyen manufofin da ke ba da damar sake rarraba dukiya na iya ninka matsayin matakan rage sauyin yanayi. Ga al'ummomin da ba su da matakan rarraba dukiya, wannan yana nufin ƙarin kuɗi za su shiga cikin al'ummominsu yayin da ake rage tasirin yanayi.
Gurbacewar hayaniya
Gurbacewar amo yawanci ba muhalli ba ne, sautin na'ura da aka kirkira wanda zai iya rushe ayyuka ko sadarwa tsakanin mutane da sauran nau'ikan rayuwa. Bayyanawa ga gurɓacewar amo na dindindin na iya haifar da cututtuka kamar nakasa ji, damuwa barci, matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, bacin rai, matsaloli tare da sadarwa da sauran cututtuka. Ga ƴan tsirarun Amurkawa waɗanda ke zaune a unguwannin da ba su da matsayi na tattalin arziƙin ƙasa, galibi suna fuskantar gurɓatacciyar amo idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na tattalin arziki.
Gurbacewar amo na iya haifar da ko kuma ta'azzara cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda zai iya ƙara shafar manyan cututtuka, ƙara matakan damuwa, da kuma haifar da tashin hankali . Gurbacewar amo kuma tana da alhakin lamurra na asarar ji, tinnitus, da sauran nau'ikan rashin jin daɗi ko rashin sauti. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan na iya zama haɗari ga yara da matasa waɗanda ke fuskantar gurɓacewar amo akai-akai, saboda yawancin waɗannan yanayi na iya haɓaka zuwa matsaloli na dogon lokaci.
Yaran da ke zuwa makaranta a yankunan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa sun nuna cewa suna da ƙarancin haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya 20% idan aka kwatanta da sauran ɗaliban da suka halarci makarantu a wuraren zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, in ji wani binciken Barcelona. Wannan ya yi daidai da binciken da ke nuna cewa yaran da ke fuskantar hayaniyar jirgin sama na yau da kullun "suna da ƙarancin aiki akan daidaitattun gwaje-gwajen nasara."
Fitarwa ga gurɓacewar amo na dindindin na iya sa mutum ya sami nakasuwar ji, kamar tinnitus ko rashin nuna wariyar magana. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tabarbarewar lafiyar kwakwalwa saboda gurbatar surutu shine bacin rai . An gano bacin rai saboda dalilai na muhalli don haɓaka halayen damuwa da kuma ji na damuwa a tsakanin manya. Matsayin bacin rai da mutum ke ji ya bambanta, amma yana ba da gudummawa ga tabarbarewar lafiyar kwakwalwa sosai.
Har ila yau, bayyanar da surutu yana haifar da rikicewar barci, wanda zai iya haifar da barcin rana da rashin barci gaba daya, wanda ke haifar da tabarbarewar lafiya.
Amintaccen ruwan sha
Samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "tushen buƙatun ɗan adam don lafiya da walwala" ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . A cewar rahotannin su, sama da mutane biliyan 2 a duniya suna rayuwa ba tare da samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha ba. A cikin 2017, kusan Amurkawa miliyan 22 sun sha daga tsarin ruwa wanda ya saba wa ka'idojin kiwon lafiyar jama'a. A duk duniya, sama da mutane biliyan 2 suna shan gurɓataccen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da babbar barazana ga amincin ruwan sha. Gurbataccen ruwan sha na iya yada cututtuka irin su kwalara, dysentery, typhoid, gudawa da polio .
Magunguna masu cutarwa a cikin ruwan sha na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiya. Hanyoyin kula da ruwa marasa tsafta na iya ƙara yawaitar cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa da kuma cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsafta. Makarantu a Amurka doka ba ta bukaci su yi gwajin tsaftataccen ruwan sha ba, wanda hakan ke nufin cewa yara da yawa za su iya shan gurbatacciyar ruwa kamar gubar dalma a cikin ruwansu a makaranta. Rashin isasshen tsabtace ruwan datti a cibiyoyin masana'antu da noma na iya cutar da daruruwan miliyoyin mutane da gurbataccen ruwa. Sinadarai irin su fluoride da arsenic na iya amfanar ɗan adam idan ana sarrafa matakan waɗannan sinadarai, amma sauran, wasu sinadarai masu haɗari kamar gubar da karafa na iya zama cutarwa ga ɗan adam.
A Amurka, al'ummomin masu launi na iya zama ƙarƙashin rashin ingancin ruwa. A cikin al'ummomi a Amurka da ke da yawan al'ummar Hispanic da baƙar fata, ana samun haɓaka mai alaƙa da take haƙƙin lafiyar SDWA . Al'ummar da suka fuskanci rashin tsaftataccen ruwan sha, kamar al'ummar Flint, Michigan, sun fi amincewa da ruwan famfo a cikin al'ummominsu. Yawan jama'ar da za su fuskanci wannan yawanci ƙananan kuɗi ne, al'ummomi masu launi.
Gudanar da kayan haɗari
Sarrafa abubuwa masu haɗari, gami da sarrafa sharar gida mai haɗari, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen wuri, rigakafin ɗigogi daga tankunan ajiya na ƙasa da hana fitar da abubuwa masu haɗari ga muhalli da martani ga yanayin gaggawa sakamakon irin wannan sakin. Lokacin da ba a sarrafa abubuwa masu haɗari yadda ya kamata, sharar gida na iya gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa da ke kusa da kuma rage ingancin iska.
A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a Ostiriya, mutanen da ke zaune kusa da wuraren masana'antu "sun fi yawan rashin aikin yi, suna da ƙananan matakan ilimi, kuma suna iya zama baƙi sau biyu. Tare da sha'awar lafiyar muhalli a zuciya, an ƙaddamar da Dokar Kare Albarkatu da Farfaɗowa a cikin Amurka a cikin 1976 wanda ya shafi yadda ake sarrafa datti mai haɗari yadda ya kamata.
Bayani da taswira
Shirin Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Programme (TEHIP) cikakken bincike ne na toxicology da gidan yanar gizon lafiyar muhalli, wanda ya haɗa da buɗe damar samun albarkatun da hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka da ƙungiyoyi suka samar, kuma ana kiyaye shi ƙarƙashin inuwar Sabis ɗin Bayanai na Musamman a Laburare na Magunguna na Amurka . TEHIP ya haɗa da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa bayanan fasaha, litattafai, koyawa, da albarkatu masu dacewa. TEHIP ne ke da alhakin Cibiyar Bayanan Toxicology (TOXNET), tsarin haɗin gwiwar toxicology da bayanan lafiyar muhalli ciki har da Bankin Bayanai na Abubuwa masu haɗari, waɗanda ke buɗe damar shiga, watau samuwa kyauta. TOXNET ya yi ritaya a cikin 2019.
Akwai kayan aikin taswirar lafiyar muhalli da yawa. TOXMAP tsarin bayanan yanki ne (GIS) daga Sashen Sabis na Sabis na Musamman na Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Amurka (NLM) wacce ke amfani da taswirar Amurka don taimaka wa masu amfani su gano bayanan gani daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka. EPA _ TOXMAP wata hanya ce ta gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka. Ana ɗaukar bayanan sinadarai da lafiyar muhalli na TOXMAP daga Cibiyar Bayanan Toxicology ta NLM (TOXNET) da PubMed, kuma daga wasu tushe masu ƙarfi.
Sana'ar kula da muhalli
Ana iya sanin ƙwararrun lafiyar muhalli da jami'an kiwon lafiyar muhalli, masu duba lafiyar jama'a, ƙwararrun lafiyar muhalli ko masu aikin kiwon lafiyar muhalli. Masu bincike da masu tsara manufofi kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a yadda ake aiwatar da lafiyar muhalli a fagen. A yawancin ƙasashen Turai, likitoci da likitocin dabbobi suna shiga cikin lafiyar muhalli.A cikin United Kingdom, masu aikin dole ne su sami digiri na digiri a cikin lafiyar muhalli kuma takaddun shaida kuma su yi rajista tare da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Chartered ko Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Royal na Scotland. A Kanada, ana buƙatar masu aiki a cikin lafiyar muhalli don samun takardar shaidar digiri na farko a cikin lafiyar muhalli tare da takardar shaidar ƙwararrun ƙasa, Takaddun shaida a Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a (Kanada), CPHI(C) . Yawancin jihohi a Amurka kuma suna buƙatar daidaikun mutane su sami digiri na farko da lasisi na ƙwararru don yin aikin kiwon lafiyar muhalli. Dokar jihar California ta bayyana iyakar aikin kiwon lafiyar muhalli kamar haka:
"Irin yin aiki a cikin lafiyar muhalli" yana nufin aikin lafiyar muhalli ta kwararrun kiwon lafiyar muhalli masu rijista a cikin jama'a da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin ma'anar wannan labarin kuma ya haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga, ƙungiya, gudanarwa, ilimi, tilastawa, tuntuɓar ba. da kuma ba da agajin gaggawa don manufar rigakafin haɗarin lafiyar muhalli da haɓakawa da kare lafiyar jama'a da muhalli a cikin waɗannan fagage: kariya ta abinci; gidaje; lafiyar muhalli na hukumomi; amfani da ƙasa; kula da hayaniyar al'umma; wuraren shakatawa da ruwaye; electromagnetic radiation iko; m, ruwa, da kuma kayan sarrafa abubuwa masu haɗari; kula da tanki na karkashin kasa; na kansite septic tsarin; sarrafa vector; ingancin ruwan sha; tsaftar ruwa; shirye-shiryen gaggawa; da kuma tsaftar madara da kiwo bisa ga sashe na 33113 na dokar abinci da noma.
Sana'ar kula da lafiyar muhalli ta samo asali ne na zamani a harkar tsafta da lafiyar jama'a na Burtaniya. Sir Edwin Chadwick ne ya kwatanta wannan, wanda ya taka rawa wajen soke dokokin da ba su da kyau, kuma a cikin 1884 shi ne shugaban kungiyar masu sa ido na tsaftar jama'a, wanda yanzu ake kira Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Chartered .
Lafiyar muhalli a cikin kafofin watsa labaru da wallafe-wallafe
Ayyuka na asali kamar Dr. Seuss 'The Lorax sun ba da damar shigar da ilimin muhalli a cikin iliminmu. Daraktoci sun ƙara ɗaukar matakai kuma sun ba da umarnin littafin yara zuwa fim ɗin da ya sami lambar yabo - yana yin hanya mafi sauƙi don ɗaukar hankalin matasa masu sauraro. Hakazalika tallace-tallace, waɗannan fina-finai sun baje kolin abubuwa masu kyau na ilimi don lafiyar muhalli da dorewa yayin da suke zage-zage cikin batutuwan da yara za su iya danganta su kamar abokantaka, dangi, ban dariya, da ƙari.
Lafiyar muhalli ya zama dacewa a cikin al'adun mu na pop tare da fina-finai kamar The Lorax (wanda Dokta Seuss ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi: Littafin asali na Lorax ), WALL-E, Free Willy, Happy Feet, da Hoot wanda ke nuna bukatar jin dadin jin dadi. yanayi. Fina-finai masu zuwa suna ba da damar samari don fahimtar lafiyar muhalli da mahimmancin dorewa ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na hangen nesa mai narkewa.
Nassoshi
Muhalli
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
50383 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9phanie%20Mbanzendore | Stéphanie Mbanzendore | Stéphanie Mbanzendore 'yar gwagwarmayar mata ce daga Burundi, wacce ta kasance a Rotterdam a cikin Netherlands tun shekara ta 2003. Itace ta kafa kungiyar Matan Burundin don Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaba, kuma shugabar kungiyar masu samar da zaman lafiya ta mata masu al'adu da yawa, kuma tana da hannu a wasu kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata da dama da kuma kungiyoyin fafutukar neman zaman lafiya.
Rayuwarta ta farko
An haifi Stéphanie Mbanzendore kuma ta girma a Burundi, inda daga baya tayi karatunta kuma tayi aiki. Tun shekara ta 2003, ta kasance a Rotterdam acikin kasar Netherlands.
Sana'arta
Mbanzendore itane wanda ta kafa wata kungiya ta Burundian Women for Peace and Development (BWPD) mai hedkwata a kasar Netherland, wadda ke cin zarafin mata da matasa, kuma tana fafutuka a fagen zaman lafiya, warware rikice-rikice da kuma rigakafin cutar kanjamau, musamman a Burundi. da kuma yin aiki da mata a Rwanda da Kongo . A cikin shekara ta 2009, BWPD ta gina Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya a Burundi, "don ƙara yawaita shiga cikin al'umma da gina wurin tattaunawa mai dorewa, tarurrukan bita da horo don gudana cikin dogon lokaci".
A shekara ta 2008, an zabi matan Burundin don zaman lafiya da cigaba (BWPD) don samun lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya, kuma ma'aikatar jinsi da kare hakkin bil'adama ta Burundi ce ta zabe su, kuma memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na kasa kan kudurin MDD mai lamba 1325 .
Mbanzendore itace shugabar kungiyar mata masu samar da zaman lafiya ta al'adu da yawa . Itace mai bada shawara ga Asusun Duniya na Mata . Mbanzendore memba ce a kungiyar Mata ta Kasa a Burundi, mai wakiltar kasashen waje.
Rayuwarta ta sirri
Tun shekara ta 2003, ta zauna a Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Nassoshi
Rayayyun mutane |
54868 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallehuddin%20of%20Kedah | Sallehuddin of Kedah | Al-Aminul Karim Sultan Sallehuddin ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah (Jawi: شاه;an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1942) shi ne Sultan na 29 na Kedah, Malaysia . An ayyana shi Sultan a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2017, bayan rasuwar dan uwansa, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah .
Daga soja zuwa Sultan, a matsayin ɗa na huɗu (wanda ya rayu har zuwa girma) na Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, ba a taɓa sa ran ya gaji kursiyin ba. Amma tare da mutuwar babban ɗan'uwansa, Tunku Annuar, ba zato ba tsammani ya ba shi hanyar zama magaji na gaba ga sultanate (bayan ɗan'uwanta, Raja Muda na Kedah, Tunku Abdul Malik).
Tarihin rayuwa
An haifi Sultan Sallehuddin (a matsayin Tunku Mahmud Sallehud din) kuma ya girma a Istana Anak Bukit, Alor Setar, Kedah . Shi ne na tara cikin 'yan uwa 14, ga Sultan Badlishah, Sultan na 27 na Kedah, da Sultanah Asma, 'yar Sultan Sulaiman na Terengganu .
Sultan Sallehuddin ya yi karatu a makarantar Alor Merah Malay kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kwalejin Sultan Abdul Hamid . Ya kammala karatu tare da ilimi mafi girma daga Kwalejin Injiniyan Soja, Poona a Indiya.
Ayyukan soja
Ayyukan soja na Sultan Salehuddin ya fara ne lokacin da ya sami horo a Kwalejin Sojan Indiya da ke Dehradun daga 23 ga Yuli, 1962 zuwa 30 ga Yuni, 1963. An nada shi Junior Lieutetant a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1963. A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1964, an ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin kuma an sanya shi tare da 2nd Battalion na Royal Malay Regiment a Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan . Daga baya aka kara shi zuwa matsayin kolonel.
Manazarta
Haɗin waje
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1942 |
39490 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerin%20mataimakan%20gwamnonin%20Jihar%20Jigawa | Jerin mataimakan gwamnonin Jihar Jigawa | Wannan shine jerin sunayen mataimakan gwamnonin jihar Jigawa.
An kafa jihar Jigawa a shekarar 1991-08-27 lokacin da ta balle daga jihar Kano .
Manazarta |
29157 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Pizarro | David Pizarro | David Marcelo Pizarro Cortés (an haife shi ranar11 ga watan Satumba, 1979). tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, ɗan ƙasar Chile mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Chilean Primera División Universidad de Chile. Yawancin lokaci ana tura shi a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya, ko da yake yana iya aiki a matsayin mai rikewa a gaban layin baya, a cikin wani wuri mafi kai hari a cikin rami a bayan 'yan wasan, ko ma a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo mai zurfi. Dan wasa haziki kuma mai hazaka, wanda ke da karfin jiki duk da karancin girmansa, da kuma ikon yin wasa a tsakiyar fili, Pizarro an san shi musamman saboda hangen nesansa, kewayon wucewa, kwarewar dribbling, da iyawa daga saiti.
Aikin kwallo
Pizarro ya fara aikinsa a Chile tare da Santiyago Wanderers, kuma daga baya kuma ya taka leda a Universidad de Chile a kasarsa. Daga baya ya yi wasa da kungiyoyin Italiya da dama, sannan kuma ya taka leda a matsayin aro da Manchester City ta Ingila a shekarar 2012, kafin ya koma Chile a shekarar 2015. A lokacin zamansa a kwallon kafa na Italiya, ya lashe gasar Seria A daya ( 2005 zuwa 2006 ), kofunan Coppa Italia guda uku da Supercoppa Italiana biyu, yayin da yake taka leda a Inter Milan da Roma ; Ya kuma taka leda a Udinese da Fiorentina a lokacin da yake Italiya. Laƙabin sa na Italiyanci shine " Pek ", wanda ya rage " pequeño ", ma'ana "ƙananan" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, saboda ɗan gajeren tsayinsa (mita 1.68).
Pizarro ya taka leda a tawagar kasar Chile, inda ya ci lambar tagulla a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2000, kuma ya taka leda a gasar Copa América guda biyu. Ya buga cikakken wasansa na farko a shekara ta 1999, inda ya buga gasar Copa América a waccan shekarar, kuma yana cikin tawagar kasar Chile wadda ta lashe gasar ta na farko a shekarar 2015 .
Ritaya
A watan Nuwamba, shekara ta dubu 2018, ya sanar da yin ritaya daga buga kwallon kafa. Wasansa na ƙarshe shine 2 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu 2018, a matsayin kyaftin na Universidad de Chile, da Curicó Unido.
Duba Kuma
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1979 |
33832 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98ungiyar%20kwallon%20raga%20ta%20Mata%20ta%20Tunisia%20ta%20%27yan%20kasa%20da%20shekaru%2020 | Ƙungiyar kwallon raga ta Mata ta Tunisia ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 | Ƙungiyar kwallon Raga ta Mata ta Tunisia ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 (), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Les Aigles de Carthage (The Eagles of Carthage ko The Carthage Eagles), tana wakiltar Tunisiya a gasar kwallon raga ta duniya da wasannin sada zumunci. Tawagar tana daya daga cikin kasashen da ke kan gaba a wasan kwallon ragar mata a nahiyar Afirka.
Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place
Launin kan iyaka ya nuna an gudanar da gasar a cikin gida.
FIVB U20 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya
Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta U20
Duba kuma
Kungiyar kwallon raga ta mata ta Tunisia
Tawagar kwallon raga ta mata ta kasar Tunisia ta kasa da shekaru 23
Kungiyar kwallon raga ta mata ta kasar Tunisia ta kasa da shekaru 18
Hukumar kwallon raga ta Tunisia
Manazar
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
Bayanan Bayani na FIVB |
51986 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Floyd | George Floyd | George Perry Floyd Jr. (1973 - 2020), wani Ba' amurke ne da wani dan sanda farar fata Derek Chauvin ya kashe shi, wanda ya durkusa a wuyan Floyd na kusan mintuna 8. Jama'a da dama dai sun fusata kan mutuwarsa, lamarin da ya haifar da zanga-zanga da dama domin dakile tashe-tashen hankula da nuna wariyar launin fata ga bakaken fata. A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2020, wani malamin addinin Najeriya Isaiah Ogedegbe ya bi su don yin Allah wadai da kisan George Floyd, wanda ya bayyana "a matsayin bayyanar muguwar wariyar launin fata kwanan nan".
Manazarta
Mutanen Afirka
Haifaffun 1973
Matattun 2020 |
4589 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Arthur | Chris Arthur | Chris Arthur (an haife shi a shekara ta 1990) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1990
Rayayyun Mutane
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
48736 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isonas%20Apostolopoulos | Isonas Apostolopoulos | Iasonas Apostolopoulos ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam dan ƙasar Girka ne kuma mai ceto bakin haure da ke tafiya a teku daga Afirka ko Asiya zuwa Turai. Ya kasance yana aiki tun 2015.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Apostolopoulos injiniyan farar hula ne. Ya yi karatu a Technical University of Athens, jami'ar nan ne inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan muhalli.
Ayyukan aiki
Apostolopoulos ya yi aiki a Sudan da Habasha tare da Iasonas Apostolidis da Médicins Sans Frontières.
A cikin 2019, a matsayin wani ɓangare na gudun hijira na jirgin ruwa mai zaman kansa na "Mediterranea Saving Humans" na NGO ya bijirewa haramcin da gwamnatin Italiya ta sanya kuma ya shiga tashar jiragen ruwa na Lambedusa, inda ya ceci 'yan gudun hijira 46.
A shekarar 2021, ofishin shugaban kasar Girka ya sanar da cewa, za a ba shi lambar yabo saboda ayyukan jin kai da ya yi, sai dai bayan sa'o'i kadan za a janye shi. Konstantinos Bogdanos, dan majalisa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, wanda a lokacin yana jam'iyyar New Democracy mai mulki, ya yi takama da cewa shi ne ya janyo janye lambar yabo.
A shekara ta 2022, bayan wani jawabi da ya yi a wurin taron Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, inda ya zargi jami'an tsaron gabar tekun Girka da alhakin nutsewar bakin haure da ke kokarin ketare tekun Aegean, shi ne makasudin cin zarafi ta yanar gizo daga kafafen yada labarai na hannun dama na Girka.
Yana sukar yadda Girka ke mu'amala da 'yan gudun hijira. Ya yi da'awar cewa Girka na aikata laifuka na cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma tura 'yan gudun hijira a cikin Tekun Aegean, wanda ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Ya rubuta babi "Kawai a gaban Sicily: rikicin ƙaura a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum" a cikin Masu Sabo a matsayin Wakilai don Canjin Jama'a: Koyo daga Kwarewar Italiyanci (2021) wanda FrancoAngeli ya buga.
Nassoshi
Rayayyun mutane |
50786 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia%20May%20Ames | Lydia May Ames | Lydia May Ames (1863 - Oktoba 1, 1946) yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurkiya ce daga Cleveland, Ohio. Ta ƙware a kan ƙanana-ƙananan zanen mai, kuma tana cikin ƴan wasan fasaha na farko na Cleveland ban da kasancewarta 'ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Ames a Cleveland a cikin shekara ta 1863, a cikin wajen da yake a lokacin Newburgh, ga mai ba da sabis na rayuwa mai suna Ashley Ames. Tana da ’yar’uwa ɗaya, wadda ta zama ma’aikaciyar ɗakin karatu a Cleveland. Aikinta na zane ya fara tun kusan shekara ta 1885. A shekara ta 1900 ta sauke karatu daga Cleveland School of Art tare da zane-zanen hoto a matsayin abinda tafi ƙwarewa akai. Bayan kammala karatun ta, ta ci gaba da koyarwa a can har tsawon shekaru 27. Ta ci gaba da karatun zane-zane a Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa, ta buɗe nata studio art kuma ta ci gaba da ba da darussa. Aikinta na ƙarshe ya faru kusan a cikin 1940. Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, ta mutu a Cleveland a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, shekara ta 1946.
Salo
An santa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan mata na farko daga Cleveland, Ames' ta sami karɓuwa a ƙasar Amurka saboda ƙwaƙƙwaran zanen mai na shimfidar wurare. Waɗannan shimfidar wurare an yi su ne a matsayin ƙanana, samfurin ƙasa da girman katin waya. Banda ƙananan kayan mai ta kuma yi fenti. Yawancin lokacin aikinta ta yi amfani da shi a Cleveland, ko da yake ta yi balaguro don yin zane-zane zuwa New England da Bahar Rum.
A wasu lokuta Ames an dauke ta a matsayin "mai zane ta farko na Cleveland". Batun da ta fi so shine Garfield Park a Cleveland, wanda ke kusa da gidanta a kan Miles Avenue.
A wani lokacin ɗaya a cikin aikin Ames, ita kaɗai ce mace memba a Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta New York.
Koyarwarta ta mayar da hankali kan ilmin jikin mutum da tarihin fasaha da ci gaba, wanda a ƙarshe ta zama ƙwararriyar masaniya.
Manyan nune-nune
Louis M. Sealand Gallery, Cleveland, 1900
Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, New York, 1917
Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, New York, 1921
Lindner Store, Cleveland, Agusta 1925
Manazarta |
43766 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervinho | Gervinho | Gervais Yao Kouassi (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Mayun shekara ta, 1987), wanda aka fi sani da Gervinho, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ivory Coast wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob ɗin Aris na Super League na Girka da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ivory Coast .
Gervinho ya fara aikinsa a ASEC Abidjan da Toumodi, kafin ya koma Belgium a shekarar 2004 don taka leda a Beveren . A tsakanin shekarar 2007 da 2011, ya taka leda a Faransa Ligue 1, da farko a Le Mans sannan a Lille . A kakar wasa ta ƙarshe a Faransa, ya taimaka wa kulob ɗin lashe gasar da Coupe de France . An sayar da shi ga Arsenal a shekarar 2011 kan fam miliyan 10.8 sannan ya koma Roma a shekarar 2013 kan Yuro miliyan 8. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta, 2016, Gervinho ya koma Hebei China Fortune . A watan Agustan shekara ta, 2018, ya shiga Parma Calcio a shekara ta, 1913
Gervinho ya buga wasanni sama da 80 a tawagar kasar Ivory Coast tun a shekarar 2007 inda ya zura ƙwallaye 23. Ya kasance cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin Afrika biyar da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya guda biyu .
Aikin kulob
Farkon aiki
An haifi Gervinho a Anyama, Ivory Coast. Ya fara aikinsa a shahararriyar makarantar matasa ta ASEC Abidjan, inda ya yi shekaru biyar. A ASEC Abidjan, an ba shi sunan laƙabi na Portuguese style na Brazil "Gervinho", wanda aka samo daga sunansa na farko Gervais, ta kocin Brazil wanda ya horar da ASEC Abidjan.Ƙaƙwalwar "-inho", a cikin Portuguese, tana nuna ƙanƙanta da/ko ƙauna, a wannan yanayin, ma'anar "Little Gervais".
Bayan haka, ya koma ƙungiyar ta Toumodi FC ta Ivory Coast Division Zone Huɗu, inda ya zama ƙwararre.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Gervinho at Soccerbase
Gervinho Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine at Arsenal.com
Gervinho – French league stats at LFP – also available in French
Gervinho at ESPN FC
Gervinho at Eurosport.fr
Gervinho at Football.fr
Gervinho at National-Football-Teams.com
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1987 |
44597 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyi%20Olofinjana | Seyi Olofinjana | Seyi George Olofinjana An haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yunin 1980), tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya .
Olofinjana ya fara aikinsa tare da ƙungiyoyin gida Crown da Kwara United kafin ya koma Turai tare da ƙungiyar Norwegian SK Brann . Bayan yanayi biyu a Brann ya koma kulob ɗin Wolverhampton Wanderers na Ingila. Ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullum a Molineux yana buga wasanni 213 a kulob ɗin sama da shekaru huɗu kafin ya koma kulob ɗin Stoke City na Premier a watan Agustan 2008 kan kuɗi fan miliyan uku. Ya taka leda ne kawai a kakar 2008 – 2009 tare da tawagar kafin ya koma wani babban jirgin saman, Hull City, kuma a kan kuɗin £3 miliyan.
Sana'a
Farkon aiki
An haife shi a Legas, yana da digiri a fannin Injiniya.
Ya buga wasansa na farko a tawagar Najeriya a watan Yunin 2000, a wasan da suka doke ƙasar Malawi da ci 3-2.
Ya tashi daga Najeriya don buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Norway don Brann .
Wolverhampton Wanderers
A cikin Yulin 2004 ya koma Ingiladon sanya hannu kan Wolverhampton Wanderers kan kuɗi fan miliyan 1.7. Bayan da ya zama dan wasa na yau da kullun ga kulob ɗin, kakarsa ta biyu ta ragu da rauni a baya wanda kuma ya tilasta masa barin gasar cin kofin Afirka ta shekarar 2006 . A cikin kakar 2006–2007, duk da haka, gamawa a matsayin babban wanda ya zira ƙwallaye a gasar lig yayin da suka yi wasan-off a ƙarƙashin Mick McCarthy . Ya zura ƙwallo a ragar Wolves na kamfen na gaba a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Watford da ci 2-1, amma ya kasa maimaita matakin cin ƙwallaye a kakar wasan da ta gabata, inda ya zura ƙwallaye biyu kawai. Bai samu wani bangare na kakar wasa ta bana ba a lokacin da ya fafata a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika a shekarar 2008 inda Najeriya ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Seyi Olofinjana at Soccerbase
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1980 |
59883 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin%20Karanga%20%28Kilimanjaro%29 | Kogin Karanga (Kilimanjaro) | Kogin Mto Karanga (Kilimanjaro) ɗaya ne daga cikin kogunan yankin Kilimanjaro ( Arewacin Tanzaniya ).kuma yana da girma.
Kuna da tushe guda biyu akan Dutsen Kilimanjaro, ya wuce kusa da Kibosho ya ƙare a tafkin Nyumba ya Mungu .
Duba kuma
Kogin Tanzaniya
Jerin koguna a yankin Kilimanjaro |
12404 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madarounfa | Madarounfa | Madarounfa (gari)
Madarounfa (sashe) |
38676 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza%20Ghulam%20Ahmad | Mirza Ghulam Ahmad | Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (13 ga Fabrairu, 1835 - Mayu 26, 1908), shugaban addini ne na ƙarni na 19. Ya kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya a cikin Musulunci. Bisa koyarwar Ahmadi, shi ne annabi na ƙarshe, da kuma Mahdi da Masihu . Ahmadiyya sun yi imani da cewa shi ne Mujaddadi na ƙarni na 14 na Musulunci.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Rayuwar farko
An haifi Ghulam a Qadian, Punjab a Indiya a shekara ta 1835, ɗan tagwaye ne da aka haifa ga dangi masu arziki. An ruwaito cewa ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a masallaci da kuma karatun Alkur’ani da addininsa na Musulunci. Hakan bai kai shi ga cika burin mahaifinsa na ɗansa ya zama lauya ko ma'aikacin gwamnati ba. Yayi yunƙurin zama lauya amma ya kasa cin jarabawar. A cikin karatunsa na karatun batutuwan addini, ya kan yi mu'amala da Musulmai da dama, waɗanda ba Musulmi ba, da kuma Kiristocin Mishan da zai yi muhawara.
Kafin da'awarsa
Sa'ad da Ghulam yana da shekara talatin da biyar mahaifinsa ya rasu. A wannan lokacin Ghulam ya yi iƙirarin cewa Allah ya fara magana da shi, sau da yawa ta hanyar wahayi kai tsaye. Da farko dai, rubuce-rubucen Ghulam daga wannan lokaci an yi niyya ne don fuskantar abin da yake ganin cewa rubuce-rubuce ne na adawa da Musulunci da suka samo asali daga ƙungiyoyin mishan na Kirista daban-daban. Ya kuma mayar da hankali wajen daƙile illolin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban irin su Brahmo Samaj. A wannan lokacin na rayuwarsa ya samu karɓuwa daga wajen malaman addinin musulunci na lokacin.
Buga da'awar
Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, rubuce-rubucensa sun fara nuna iƙirarinsa na zama mujaddadi ko mai kawo sauyi a zamaninsa. An haɗa waɗannan rubuce-rubucen ne a cikin daya daga cikin sanannun ayyukansa: Barahin Ahmadiyya, wani aiki da ya ƙunshi mujalladi 5 yayin da tun farko ya tsara mujalladi 50. Ya bayyana cewa tunda 50 da 5 kawai akwai digo, don haka alkawarinsa ya cika. A cikin littattafai na gaba, da gaske zai yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne Almasihun Islama. Wannan ya tabbatar kuma yana ci gaba da zama da jayayya, kamar yadda tunanin Islama na al'ada ya ɗauka cewa Yesu shine Almasihu, wanda da kansa zai dawo cikin jiki a ƙarshen zamani. Ghulam ya fuskanci wannan ta hanyar da'awar cewa Yesu ya mutu, kuma a haƙiƙa ya tsira daga gicciye ya mutu a Indiya. A cewar Ghulam, Mahdin da aka yi alƙawarinsa ya kasance mai ruhi ne, ba shugaban soja ba kamar yadda yawancin musulmi suka yi imani da shi. Da wannan shela, ya kuma fara ficewa daga ra'ayin gargajiya na Jihadi, ya kuma bayyana shi a matsayin yaki na "ruhi" maimakon na zahiri. Bugu da ƙari ga waɗannan da'awar da ake jayayya, daga baya zai yi iƙirarin cewa Guru Nanak, Sikh Guru na farko, ya kasance musulmi.
Wadannan rubuce-rubucen sun fara karkatar da manyan malamai na musulmi (malaman addini) a kansa, kuma ana yi masa lakabi da dan bidi'a. Wasu dai sun zargi Ghulam da yin aiki da turawan Ingila waɗanda suke kokarin amfani da shi wajen kawar da manufar Jihadi daga Musulman Indiya.
Ghulam ya kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya a shekarar 1889. Ya yi ikirarin cewa Harkar Ahmadiyya ta tsaya a kan Musulunci, kamar yadda Kiristanci ya tsaya kan Yahudanci a lokacin Annabi Isa. Manufar wannan yunkuri a cewar Ghulam shi ne yaɗa abin da ya ke ganin shi ne Musulunci a sigarsa. Ana iya taƙaita koyarwar Mirza Ghulam da ta sha bamban da sauran musulmi na lokacin kamar haka;
Cewa Muhammadu shine annabi na ƙarshe da ya kawo sabon shari'a/addini amma ba shine annabin karshe gaba daya ba...kuma ana cigaba da Annabta a zamanin musulunci bayansa, kuma shi da kansa Annabi ne banda mai da'awar Imam mehdi da massiyya.
Alkur'ani ba shi da saɓani (ko shafewa), kuma yana da fifiko a kan Hadisi ko hadisai; watau cewa wata aya ta Alkur’ani ba ta soke wata kuma babu wani Hadisi da zai saba wa wata ayar Alkur’ani. Hadisin da ya zo ya sava wa Alqur’ani, musulmin Ahmadi bai yarda da shi ba.
An gicciye Yesu (wanda ake kira Yuz Asaf ) kuma ya tsira a cikin sa'o'i 4 akan giciye, sa'an nan kuma ya tashi daga kabari a cikin kabari. Ya mutu a Kashmir da tsufa yayin da yake neman "Ƙabilar Isra'ila da suka ɓace".
Cewa Jihadi ba za a iya amfani da shi ba ne kawai don kare kai daga zaluncin addini, ba wai makamin siyasa ko uzuri ga masu mulki su mamaye yankunan da ke makwabtaka da su ba.
Cewa “Almasihu” da “Imam Mahdi” mutum daya ne, kuma Musulunci zai yi galaba a kan Anti-Kiristi ko Dajjal a wani lokaci mai kama da tsawon lokacin da Kiristanci na farko ya tashi (shekaru 300). Musulmai na al'ada sunyi imani cewa ba a gicciye Yesu ba, amma an sanya shi kamar an yi shi, kuma ya hau zuwa sama daga inda zai dawo da kansa cikin jiki don farfado da Islama.
Mirza Ghulam an yarda da cewa ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen ciyar da harkarsa gaba da kuma tinkarar zarge-zargen bidi'a da ake yi wa mutumin har zuwa mutuwarsa a Lahore a shekara ta 1908.
Asalin suna
An kafa ƙungiyar Ahmadiyya a Musulunci a shekara ta 1889, amma ba a karɓe sunan Ahmadiyya ba sai bayan kusan shekaru goma. A cikin wata takarda mai kwanan watan Nuwamba 4, 1900, wanda ya kafa ya bayyana cewa sunan yana nufin Ahmad, madadin sunan annabi Mohammed. A cewarsa, ‘Mohammed’ ma’ana ‘wanda aka yabe’ yana nufin makomar ma’aiki mai girma da ya karvi sunan tun a zamanin Hijira; amma 'Ahmad' yana nufin kyawawan wa'azinsa ne, da kuma zaman lafiyar da aka kaddara masa a duniya ta hanyar koyarwarsa. A cewar Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, don haka wadannan sunaye suna nuni ne ga bangarori biyu na Musulunci, kuma a baya-bayan nan bangaren na baya ne ya ba da umarni a mai da hankali sosai. Dangane da haka, ya yi imani, abin da ya yi shi ne samar da zaman lafiya a duniya ta hanyar koyarwar ruhin Musulunci. Ya yi imanin cewa sakon nasa yana da ma'ana ta musamman ga kasashen yammacin duniya wanda a cewarsa ya gangaro cikin son abin duniya .
Gadon Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan tushen saɓani a lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma ci gaba tun daga wannan lokacin shine yadda Mirza Ghulam Ahmad yayi amfani da kalmomin "Nabi" (Annabi) da "Rasool" (manzo) yayin da yake magana kan kansa. Musulmai sun ɗauki annabi Muhammad a matsayin na ƙarshen annabawa kuma sun yi imani cewa Mirza Ghulam Ahmad ya yi amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗa cin zarafi ne ga "Annabta". Mabiyansa sun kasu kashi biyu dangane da haka: Jama’ar Musulmin Ahmadiyya, wadanda suka yi imani da tafsirin annabcin Mirza Ghulam Ahmad na zahiri (tare da wasu cancantar), da Harkar Lahore Ahmadiyya, wadanda suka yi imani da fassarar alama ta wadannan biyun. sharuddan. Wannan da wasu dalilai ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a harkar jim kaɗan bayan rasuwar Ahmad.
Mabiya Mirza Ghulam Ahmad sun fuskanci zalunci iri-iri a tsawon shekaru. A shekara ta 1974, majalisar dokokin Pakistan ta yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin Pakistan kwaskwarima inda ta ayyana musulmi Ahmadi a matsayin wadanda ba musulmi ba saboda manufar tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci. A cikin 1984, wasu jerin sauye-sauye a sassan Pakistan Penal Code, da suka shafi sabo da, a zahiri, sun haramta wa Ahmadiyya wa'azin addininsu a fili a matsayin Musulunci, wanda ya kai ga kama mutane 1000 da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya.
Manazarta
Sauran gidajen yanar gizo
Shafin Yanar Gizo na Jama'ar Musulmi Ahmadiyya
Shafin yanar gizo na Harkar Ahmadiyya ta Lahore
Cikakken Jerin Ayyukan Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Musulunci
Ahmadiyya
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
55466 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ologoma | Ologoma | Ologoma Wannan kauye ne a karamar hukumar Nembe dake jahar Niger a Najeriya. |
54196 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20gyang | Kenneth gyang | Kenneth gyang ya kasance yaron marubuci shirye shiryen , kuma an haifeshi a barkin ladi a platou nigeria. Ya karanchi shirye shirye a jami ar jos |
30192 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nana%20Konadu%20Agyeman%20Rawlings | Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings | Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings (an haife ta 17 Nuwamba 1948) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Ghana wacce ta kasance Uwargidan Shugaban Ghana daga 4 Yuni 1979 zuwa 24 Satumba 1979 da kuma daga 31 Disamba 1981 zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2001. duka biyu a karkashin Shugaba Jerry John Rawlings. A shekarar 2016 ta zama mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugabancin kasar Ghana.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Nana Konadu Agyeman a ranar 17 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1948, ga J.O.T. Agyeman da matarsa. Ta halarci makarantar Ghana International School. Daga baya ta koma makarantar Achimota, inda ta hadu da Jerry John Rawlings. Ta ci gaba da karatun Art and Textiles a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha. Ta kasance shugabar dalibai a zaurenta, Africa Hall. A shekara ta 1975 ta sami takardar shaidar difloma ta cikin gida daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta London.
Ta ci gaba da karatunta a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, inda ta sami takardar shaidar difloma a cikin manyan jami'an gudanarwa daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Samar da Aikin Gana a 1979 da takardar shaidar ci gaba daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana a 1991. Ta kuma yi kwasa-kwasan. a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa, Baltimore, MD, takardar shaidar shirin abokan tarayya a cikin ayyukan agaji da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
Wa'adin farko na Agyeman-Rawlings a matsayin uwargidan shugaban kasa ya zo ne bayan mijinta ya zama shugaban kasa na soja na dan lokaci a 1979. Ya koma kan karagar mulki a 1981, kuma, bayan an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban farar hula a 1992, ya ci gaba da mulki har zuwa 2001. Ta kasance shugabar kungiyar mata ta 31 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1982. An zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar jam’iyyar ta ta farko a shekarar 2009 a karo na biyu na jam’iyyarta ta National Democratic Congress (NDC) tana mulki karkashin shugaba John Atta Mills. Ba ta yi nasara ba ta kalubalanci Atta Mills a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar a babban taron jam'iyyar a 2011.
Aikin rayuwa
A cikin wata sanarwa da ofishin jakadancin Ghana ya fitar, uwargidan tsohon shugaban kasar Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings ta bayyana cewa, "Burina shi ne na ga 'yantar da mata a kowane mataki na ci gaba don ba su damar ba da gudummawa da cin gajiyar ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa. kasa.... Dole ne a amince da muhimmiyar rawar da mata ke takawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya a cikin iyali, kasa da duniya baki daya, don yin haka, dole ne a ba su karfin siyasa don samar musu da isassun kalubalen da ke tattare da tantancewa da tantance hanyoyin magance su. domin ci gaban al’umma”.
Wannan ita ce manufar 31 ga watan Disamba wadda Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings ta kasance shugabar kungiyar. Ta bayyana shi a matsayin "Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ci gaba mai fa'ida wanda ke da burin cimma wadannan manufofin ta hanyar hada kan mata masu inganci." Bugu da kari, yunkurinta - miliyan biyu mai karfi - ya kafa makarantun gaba da sakandare sama da 870 a Ghana kuma ta yi aiki tukuru don tada sha'awar ci gaban yara da tsarin iyali.
Uwargidan tsohon shugaban kasar Ghana ta ce za ta ci gaba da aiki a harkar mata ko da a ce mijinta ba shugaban kasa ba ne. Mijinta ya jagoranci juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a shekarar 1981, kodayake ba a kafa shi a matsayin shugaban kasa ba sai shekara ta gaba. Kasar ta samu nasarar komawa mulkin farar hula a shekarar 1992 tare da gudanar da zabe cikin 'yanci. A yayin da ta kira uwargidan shugaban kasar "wani bangare na juyin juya hali a tattalin arzikin Ghana," Baltimore Afro-American ya ba da rahoton cewa mata su ne mafi yawan ma'aikata a Ghana, kuma suna son su kasance a tsakiya a cikin sake fasalin kasar. "Kafin 31 ga Disamba, 1981, ba su da wani tasiri a cikin doka ko siyasa - har ma da dokokin da suka shafe su." Ƙungiya ce ta asali, inda mata ke sayar da filayensu, tufafi, da kayan ado don samun kuɗi.
Hakkokin mata
A farkon shekarun 1980, wasu mata kalilan ne suka tunkare ta suna son kafa kungiyar mata amma bayan wasu ‘yan tarurruka, kadan ya faru. Ta ce bayan da ta tambayi matan abin da suke son yi a kungiyance, "A bayyane yake cewa sai mun fara da abubuwan da za su samu kudi don ci gaban al'ummarsu a fannin zamantakewa, yawancin matan suna son abubuwa kamar ruwa." Kungiyar ta koya wa matan Ghana yadda ake samun kudin shiga da kuma tanadin kudade don ayyukan al'umma. Ya kara musu kwarin guiwa da su kasance cikin tsarin yanke shawara a kauyukansu, tare da bayyana manufofin kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Ya ba da shirin karatun manya don koya musu karatu da rubutu-mafi yawan mata ba za su iya ba. An hana auren wuri a tsakanin yara mata kuma an gabatar da shirye-shirye akan abinci mai gina jiki da rigakafi. A cikin 1991, ta hanyar ƙoƙarin Nana Konadu, Ghana ce ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara.
Ta hanyar motsi, Mrs. Rawlings ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amincewa da "Dokar Ci Gaban Mulki," wadda ta dace ga wanda ya tsira daga mutuwa ba tare da wasiyya ba. A al'adance, matan Ghana ba su da 'yancin gado ko kaɗan bayan mutuwar mazajensu. Sabuwar dokar ta ba da ma'auni na gado.
Kungiyar Misis Rawlings ta kuma koya wa matan kauye shiga harkar zabe. "A zahiri mun yi ta su ne kawai har sai da suka gane, kash, ba ma son daya daga cikin wadannan mutanen da ke zaune a wajen yankunanmu ya zo ya tsaya a yankunanmu a zabe," in ji ta a Africa Report. “Yanzu mata da yawa suna cikin kwamitoci a kauyuka da gundumominsu, wasu kuma suna shugabantar kwamitocin.... Zan iya cewa mun yi tasiri sosai, kuma ina iya ganin girman kai da kuma kusantar girman kai. matan, cewa a yanzu mun sami damar keta wannan katangar mai kauri." A shekarar 1992, an zabi mata 19 a zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki.
Da take nuni da fannin kudi a matsayin daya daga cikin matsalolinsu, Misis Rawlings ta shaidawa Africa Report cewa: “Mafi yawan ofisoshin jakadancin kasashen yamma sun ce mu kungiya ce kawai ta siyasa kuma ba sa daukar lokaci don saurare. Ya dauki lokaci mai yawa kawai don samun jama'a su gane.... Da zarar mata suka shiga siyasa, duniya za ta yi kyau, domin ba mu tunanin yaƙe-yaƙe da wanda zai kera makamai da wanda zai kashe na gaba, muna so mu kafa. haɗin gwiwa, hanyar sadarwa, da kuma sa duniya ta zama wurin zama mafi kyau." mace ce mai ƙwazo da kwarjini.
Yawon shakatawa na Amurka na 1995
A shekarar 1995, uwargidan shugaban Ghana ta yi tafiya tare da mijinta zuwa birane, ciki har da New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Washington, D.C., Houston, Detroit, Lincoln, Pennsylvania, da Los Angeles, tare da kokarin karfafa zuba jari da kasuwanci da Ghana. Mijinta ne shugaban kasar Ghana na farko da ya tafi rangadi a fadin kasar Amurka.
Uwargidan shugaban kasar Ghana ta yi makonni biyar a Amurka tana halartar wani shirin abokantaka a fannin jin kai da kuma kungiyoyin sa-kai a Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore, inda ta samu takardar shaidar bayan kammala karatun ta. , wanda ya haɗa da dabarun tara kuɗi, manufofin haraji, da kuma kwas kan ƙungiyar al'umma. Wannan ya kasance a cikin 1994. A cikin 1995 ita da mijinta sun sami digiri na girmamawa a Jami'ar Lincoln a Lincoln, Pennsylvania.
Burin shugaban kasa
A shekarar 2016 ta zama mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar shugabancin kasar Ghana. An caje ta a matsayin "Hillary Clinton" ta Afirka. Da ta zama shugabar Ghana mace ta farko da ta yi nasara da sabuwar jam'iyyarta a shekarar 2016. Ta samu kashi 0.16% na kuri'un da aka kada. Ta mika fom din tsayawa takararta domin jagorantar jam’iyyarta ta NDP a zaben 2020 da za a yi a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Nana Konadu ta auri Rawlings a 1977. Sun haifi ɗansu na farko, Zanetor, a 1978. Rawlings ya kasance jami'in sojan sama a lokacin. Wasu 'ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa guda sun biyo baya: Yaa Asantewaa, Amina da Kimati. Ta rasa mijinta ne a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da zaben ya rage kasa da wata guda. Ta yi kasa a gwiwa a yakin neman zabenta amma ba ta janye takararta ba.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
36095 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amana | Amana | Amana wannan kalmar na nufin riƙo da abunda aka bama mutum ya ajiye. Idan aka bama mutum ajiya ya ajeta sai ace yana da riƙon amana wanda a turance ake kira da Honest.
Manazarta |
29122 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankin%20Sikasso%20Cercle | Yankin Sikasso Cercle | Sikasso Cercle yana daya daga cikin sassan gudanarwa bakwai na yankin Sikasso na kudancin Ƙasar Mali . Babban birni shi ne garin Sikasso .
Garuruwa da wuraren jama'a
Sikasso
Ténétou
Manazarta |
45140 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvan%20Pierrot | Yvan Pierrot | Yvan Hilary Pierrot (23 Mayu 1996 - 31 Disamba 2015) ɗan Mauritius mai wasan weightlifter ne. Ya yi takara a cikin maza na +105 kg a wasannin Afirka na shekarar 2015.
Sana'ar wasanni
Pierrot ya fara dagawa a cikin 2010 yana da shekaru 14. Ya samu lambar zinare ta farko a shekarar 2013 a gasar matasa ta Commonwealth. A shekarar 2013 ya lashe kyautar Junior Sportsman na shekara. A shekarar 2015 ya ci lambar azurfa a gasar Commonwealth, haka kuma ya ci lambar zinare a matakin kananan yara. A gasar cin kofin Afirka ya ci lambar tagulla biyu (clean & jerk, total) a +105 kg category.
Manyan Sakamako
Mutuwa
A ranar jajibirin sabuwar shekara, 2015, yana tuƙi zuwa gida shi kaɗai, kuma ya sami mummunan hatsarin mota a Midlands.
Manazarta
Matattun 2015
Haifaffun 1996
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
59820 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin%20Awaroa%20%28Far%20North%29 | Kogin Awaroa (Far North) | Kogin Awaroa ɗan gajeren kogi ne dake Arewa Mai Nisa da gundumar wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Yana da kudu da Kaitaia, kuma yana gudana kudu maso yamma na , yana isa Tekun Tasman zuwa arewacin tashar Hokianga . Gidansa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin makamai biyu na Whangape Harbor (ɗayan kuma shine gabar kogin Rotokakahi ).
Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Tarihi ta New Zealand ta ba da fassarar "dogon kogi" don Awaroa .
Nassoshi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
25425 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka%20Yusuf | Luka Yusuf | Luka Nyeh Yusuf (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Satumban, shekara ta 1952 - ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yuni, shekara ta 2009) ya kasance Laftanar Janar na Sojojin Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Hafsan Sojoji (COAS) tsakanin shekara ta 2007 da shekara ta 2008. Ya gaji Owoye Andrew Azazi a matsayin Babban Hafsan Sojoji.
Ilimi & baya
An haifi Yusuf a ranar 22 ga Satumban shekarata 1952 a Bara-Kagoma, Jihar Kaduna . Ya halarci Makarantar Tsaro ta Najeriya (NDA) kuma an ba shi mukamin Laftanar na 2 zuwa Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya a 1975 kuma ya kasance memba a Kwalejin Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya (NDA) Darasi na 14. Sauran a ajinsa na NDA sun kasance hafsoshi kamar tsohon babban hafsan tsaro, Air Chief Marshal Paul Dike
Sana'a
Yusuf ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan rundunar sojan Najeriya dake cikin tawagar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Saliyo (UNAMSIL) kafin a nada shi a shekara ta 2006 a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Laberiya daga Shugaban Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf . Bayan nadin Yusuf a matsayin Babban Hafsan Sojojin Najeriya da Shugaba Umaru Yar Adua ya yi a 2007, Shugaban Laberiya ya bai wa Janar Yusuf lambar karramawar Ma'aikatar Laberiya. Za a tuna da shi koyaushe a kan gudunmawar da ya bayar a fannin samar da zaman lafiya a yankin Neja Delta mai fama da tashin hankali inda ya bayyana tsagerun a matsayin ɓatattun yara. Ya ce duk da cewa Sojojin Najeriya suna da abin da za su yi da mayakan, amma ya fi kyau al'umma su dauki hanyar tattaunawa fiye da fuskantar mayakan a farmakin da suke kai.
Ya kuma ce duk sojoji suna da hakkin su kai karar sojojin idan suna jin an ci zarafin su ta kowace hanya kuma idan aka yanke hukunci kan masu korafin, rundunar za ta bi duk hukuncin da kotu ta yanke.
Kalmomin sa, “Ni mutum ne mai cikawa, mun sami damar cimma manyan ayyuka saboda, idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 30 da suka gabata, banbanci a cikin shekara guda da ta gabata ya yi yawa. Mun saita Sojojin a kan hanyar canji, mun ƙarfafa horo, Eagle Ex-Ring 1V 2007 da NADCEL 2008 tabbaci ne ga wannan gaskiyar. Baya ga horar da matakin raka'a da yawa, a halin yanzu shirye -shirye na kan wasu yanzu. Rokona na shine, kada a lalata kulawar kayan aikin mu. ''
Ya ce, “mu 101 muka samu shiga NDA a shekara ta 1973; 67 kawai suka zo ta bayan shekaru biyu. A yau, 28 ga Agustan shekara ta 2008, ni ne mutum na ƙarshe da ke tsaye a cikin Darasi na 14 na Regular. Ni mutum ne mai cikawa sosai. Ina alfahari da na dandana yaƙe -yaƙe kuma na umarci Sojojin Najeriya, abin alfahari ga kowane soja ”.
Yusuf ya kasance musamman game da jindadin mutanensa. “A tarihin Soja ba a taɓa yin gyaran barikin da aka yi wa shinge ba kamar yadda aka tsara bariki biyar don gyara, ma’ana cikin shekaru huɗu, da an gyara duk barikin Sojojin da ke ƙasar. Mun kuma tabbatar da cewa sojojinmu da ke aikin tallafawa zaman lafiya sun sami cikakken alawus dinsu kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tanada, Bai taba faruwa ba ”.
Ya kuma ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Matasan Barracks don inganta rayuwar matasa da ke cikin barikin.
Ya kuma yaba da canjin Sojojin kuma ya ba da kuzari sosai don cimma wannan mafarkin.
Mutuwa
Yusuf ya rasu a Landan a ranar 2 ga Yuni, shekara ta 2009 bayan doguwar jinya yana da shekaru 56
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1952
Mutuwan 2009
Tsaro
Tsari
Sojoji
Sojojin Najeriya |
36354 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaben%20Gwamnan%20Jahar%20na%202015 | Zaben Gwamnan Jahar na 2015 | Zaben gwamnan jihar Jigawa na 2015 shine zaben gwamnan jihar Jigawa karo na 6. Wanda aka gudanar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2015, dan takarar jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress Mohammed Badaru Abubakar ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Aminu Ibrahim Ringim na jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party .
Zaɓen fidda gwani na APC
Dan takarar jam’iyyar APC, Mohammed Badaru Abubakar ne ya lashe tikitin jam’iyyar. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na APC a shekarar 2014.
Zaben fidda gwani na Jam'iyyar PDP
Dan takarar jam’iyyar PDP, Aminu Ibrahim Ringim ne ya lashe tikitin jam’iyyar. ] An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na PDP a shekarar 2014. ]
Sakamako
‘Yan takara 4 ne suka fafata a zaben. Mohammed Badaru Abubakar na jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress ne ya lashe zaben inda ya doke Aminu Ibrahim Ringim daga jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party, Sardauna Yanleman daga All Progressives Grand Alliance da Musa Galamawa daga jam’iyyar National Conscience Party . Wadanda suke da katin zabe a jahar 1,819,773, wadanda aka amince da su sun kasance 1,217,504, an soke kuri'u 26,977, kuri'u masu inganci 1,130,883. Wanda ya lashe zaben Mohammed Badaru Abubakar ya samu kuri'u 168,598.
Manazarta |
57043 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjia%20Mafang%20Cun | Panjia Mafang Cun | Wannan kauye ne dake garin Anding a yankin Daxing a cikin birnin Beijing da ke kasar China |
58074 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20De%20Coque | Oliver De Coque | Oliver Sunday Akanite (14 Afrilu 1947–20 Yuni 2008),wanda aka fi sani da the stage name Oliver De Coque,ɗan Najeriya ne mai kaɗe-kaɗe kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun mawakan naɗaɗɗen rikodi a Afirka.
Rayuwar farko da aiki
An haifi De Coque a Ezinifite,Jihar Anambra,Najeriya,a cikin 1947,ga dangin Igbo.Ya fara buga waka tun yana dan shekara 11 kuma wani dan kasar Kwango da ke zaune a Najeriya ya koya masa yin kadar.De Coque ya kasance koyan mawakan juju Sunny Agaga da Jacob Oluwale kuma ya zama sananne a cikin gida tun yana matashi.
De Coque ya sami kulawar ƙasa da ƙasa bayan ya yi wasa a London a cikin 1973,kuma an nuna aikin guitar ɗinsa a cikin kundi na 1977 na Prince Nico Mbarga Sweet Mother.
Kundin sa na halarta na farko,Almasihu Almasihu,an sake shi a cikin 1977.A cikin duka,De Coque ya yi rikodin kundin 93.An lura da yawa daga cikin wakokinsa sun kasance a cikin nau’in ogene,inda suka hada kade-kade na zamani da na al’adar Igbo.Wadanda suka yi aure sun hada da "People's Club of Nigeria","Nempi Social Club", "Biri Ka Mbiri","Ana Enwe Obodo enwe","Nnukwu Mmanwu" da "Identity",wanda karshensu ya kwashe makonni da dama a gidan rediyon Nigeria 2's Top Ten.a shekarar 1981.
Baya ga aikinsa na solo,De Coque akai-akai yana wasa tare da Igede International Band,wanda ɗan'uwansa Eugene ya jagoranta.
Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
De Coque yana da aƙalla 'ya'ya maza huɗu,ciki har da Solar De Coque,Safin De Coque (Darlington Akanite),Edu De Coque (Chinedu Akanite),da Ikenna Akanite.
De Coque ya sami digiri na girmamawa a cikin kiɗa daga Jami'ar New Orleans.
De Coque ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2008 bayan kamawar zuciya kwatsam.Dan nasa daga baya ya lura cewa De Coque ya ba da fifikon yin 2008 amma ya shirya neman shawarar likita wata daya bayan mutuwarsa.
Legacy
Legacy6A ranar 14 ga Afrilu,2021,Google Doodle ya nuna De Coque don bikin abin da zai kasance shekaru 74 da haihuwa.
Bayanin ɓangarori
Almasihu Almasihu (1977) |
19784 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bello%20Bala%20Shagari | Bello Bala Shagari | Bello Bala Shagari (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun, shekarar 1988) ɗan gwagwarmaya ne kuma mai shirya fim na tarihi. Shi ne Manajan Darakta na Royal African Young Leadership Forum (RAYLF), An nada shi jim kadan da yin murabus a matsayin Shugaban Kungiyar Matasan Kasa ta Kasa (NYCN).
Bayan Fage
Bello sanannen jikan tsohon shugaban kasar Najeriya ne Alhaji Shehu Shagari wanda ke da hannu a harkar Rajin Matasa. Ya sanar da mutuwar kakansa a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 2018. Mahaifinsa shi ne babban dan shugaban, Malam Muhammad Bala Shagari na Shagari, Jihar Sakkwato . Ya yi karatun sa na farko a Sakkwato sannan daga baya ya yi SSCE a makarantar sakandaren ‘yan sanda da ke Minna, jihar Neja. A makarantar sakandare, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamandan Cadet na Makarantun Cadet Club. Ya kammala karatun digiri na Kasuwancin Bayanai na Kasuwancin & Fasahar Sadarwa daga Jami'ar Middlesex a London . Jim kadan da kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 2012, ya yi aikin koyarwa a takaice a matsayin malami a Makarantun Firamare da Sakandare a garinsu na Shagari. Ya riqe da Masarautu suna da Yarima na Shagari.
Ayyuka
Bello Shagari ya kafa kamfanin Barcode Multimedia ne a shekara ta 2012. Ya samar da labarai da abubuwan da suka kunsa kan siyasa, tarihi da kuma shawarwari. Aya daga cikin irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen "Nationaya daga cikin Destayatacciyar Destayatacciyar projectasa" wanda aka fara shi a cikin shekarar 2013, shirin tarihin tarihin Nijeriya wanda ke mai da hankali kan abubuwan da Shugaba Shehu Shagari ya yi tun bayan samun 'yancin kai har zuwa lokacin da ya zama shugaban zartarwa na farko a Nijeriya a shekara ta 1979.
Dangane da haka, yayin gudanar da bincike da tattaunawa, Bello ya ci karo da manyan mashahuran 'yan siyasa, jami'an diflomasiyya, masana tarihi da shugabannin da yawa. Wasu daga cikin ganawarsa sun hada da Shugabannin Jihohin da suka gabata da na yanzu kamar su Yakubu Gowon, Olusegun Obasanjo, Gen. Muhammadu Buhari, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, Abdulsalami Abubakar da Goodluck Ebele Jonathan .
Ya kuma yi hira da manyan mutane kamar su Prof. Jean Herskovits, masanin tarihin Jami'ar Jiha ta New York, jakadan Amurka kuma jami'in diflomasiyya Thomas Pickering, da Clifford May, wani tsohon dan jaridar New York Times dan rahoto kuma shugaban gidauniyar kare demokradiyya, da sauransu.
A matsayinsa na dan gwagwarmayar matasa, an nada Bello a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Matasan Kasa ta Kasa reshen jihar Sakkwato a shekara ta 2017 bayan zanga-zanga da maye gurbin wani mutum dan shekaru 52 wanda ya kasance shugaban. Yunkurinsa ya kara karfi kuma ya tsaya takarar shugaban majalisar matasa ta kasa a taron hadin kai na shekarar 2018 wanda aka gudanar a garin Gombe wanda ya samu nasara a zaben fidda gwani wanda ya kawo shi ga martabar Kasa a shekarar 2018. A matsayinsa na Shugaban NYCN reshen Jihar Sakkwato, ya yi hadin gwiwa da wasu Gwamnati da Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don fara wani shiri da aka fi sani da RRTE a cikin Jihar Sakkwato don magance rashin aikin yi, shan miyagun kwayoyi da tashin hankalin al’umma.
Shugabancin NYCN
An zabi Shagari a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Matasan Kasa ta Kasa a wajen taron Unity Congress da ke Jihar Gombe a ranar 25 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2018. Shagari ya samu kuri'u 249 yayin da abokin karawarsa, AlMustapha Asuku Abdullahi ya samu kuri'u 234. Sakamakon haka ya fito a matsayin shugaban kasa. Kafin bayyanarsa a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Matasa ta Kasa, Shagari ya kasance Shugaban kungiyar NYCN reshen Jihar Sakkwato. A taron matasa na Afro-Arab karo na 3 da aka gudanar a Khartoum, Sudan, Shagari ya zama Kodinetan yammacin Afirka, na Majalisar Matasan Afro-Arab. Jim kadan da zama shugaban NYCN, Shagari ya samar da damar karfafawa ga matasa na Najeriya 3,700.
NYCN a karkashin Shagari ya zama sananne ne saboda tallan da ya kirkiro wa kungiyar ta kafafen yada labarai da kafofin sada zumunta. Ya kasance mai yawan magana a kan batutuwan da suka shafi shigar da matasa musamman a lokacin babban zaben shekarar 2019 inda masu sukarsa suka zarge shi da yi wa jam’iyyar adawa aiki tunda ya ki amincewa da jam’iyya mai mulki a bainar jama’a. Amma daga baya, ya yi nasara a zauren taro wanda ya haifar da kirkirar ma'aikatar ci gaban matasa da wasanni a Kano tare da nada Shugaban Jiha Kwamishina ta Gwamna Abdullahi Umar Ganduje . Ya ga dawowar kungiyar ga shiga ayyukan kasa da kasa musamman a fadin Afirka. Koyaya, yawancin shirye-shiryensa a gida sun gaza sakamakon rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa a NYCN a lokacinsa.
An lasafta shi a cikin matasa masu matuƙar tasiri a Nijeriya kusan watanni shida a kan karagar mulki kuma an saka shi cikin ƙungiyar Crans Montana Sabbin Shugabannin gobe na shekara ta 2019.
Rikice-rikice sun dabaibaye Majalisar Matasa ta Kasa tun daga shekara ta 2014, bayan da aka gudanar da zabe mai cike da cece-kuce wanda ya kai ga cire Ministan ci gaban Matasa & Wasanni a lokacin. Koyaya, kokarin sulhu ya haifar da sabbin zababbun shuwagabannin da Shagari ya jagoranta a jihar Gombe kamar yadda Ma'aikatar Matasa da Wasanni ta Tarayya ta kula. Jim kadan bayan zaben, adawa ta fara sake bayyana a tsakanin mambobin kwamitin amintattu na NYCN. Wani bangare ya fito fili bayan watanni uku a Fatakwal. Wannan hade da adawa daga wasu jami'an gwamnati sun yi amfani da karfi don murkushe Shagari ya jagoranci NYCN wanda ya zama ba shi da farin jini a wurin wasu masu ruwa da tsaki. Duk da haka, duk kokarin cire Shagari daga mukamin ya ci tura gami da yunkurin kada kuri’ar rashin amincewa da shi. Daga baya, shuwagabannin sa suka sami nasarar jefa kuri'ar amincewa da shi. Kamar yadda rikice-rikicen suka kawo tsaiko ga ayyukan majalisar ta hanyar samar da wasu bangarori 3, Shagari ya yi murabus ne bisa radin kansa a ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2020 domin a samu zaman lafiya. Shagari shi ne Shugaban NYCN na farko da ya yi murabus bisa radin kansa. An yabe shi sosai saboda ayyukansa da kuma matakin da ya dauka.
Kyaututtuka
Alamar Matasa ta Shekarar 2018 ta Nationalungiyar ofasa ta Organiungiyoyin Matasan sa kai.
Kyautar Kyauta ta Cibiyar Abdulsalami Abubakar don Aminci da Ci gaba mai dorewa
Kyautar Kawancen Girmamawa ta Majalisar Gudanarwa na Tsaro da Nazarin Tsaro a Nijeriya
Matasa Mafi Tasiri Na Najeriya 2018 - Jagoranci da Civungiyar Jama'a
Crans Montana Sabbin Shugabannin Gobe, Dakhla, Morocco, 2019
Kyautar lambar yabo ta Royal African Medal da kuma Amincewa da Shugabanci & Shugabanci ta Royal African Young Leadership Forum RAYLF 2020.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Pages with unreviewed translations
Mutane daga Jihar Sokoto |
16675 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur-rahman%20ibn%20Abubakar%20Atiku | Abdur-rahman ibn Abubakar Atiku | Abdur-rahman ibn abubakar atiku An haife shi ne a Wurno a cikin shekara 1828 ko 1829. Kalifa Abdurrahman yana cikin Kalifofin a tarihin Sokoto wanda labarin shi ya samu tsaiko da rashin fahimta. Yazo daga bakin turawa wa inda suka karance shi cewa lokacin Kalifa Abdurrahman, lokaci ne na yaki, zalinci da azaba. Jin hakan yasa mafi yawan mutane suke danganta Kalifa Abdurrahman a matsayin wanda ya gaza ko kuma wanda ba’a sani ba a cikin Kalifofi.
Karatu
An samu rashin daidaito akan takamaiman malamin da ya fara karantar da Kalifa abdurrahman a farkon rayuwarsa. Amma anfi ganin cewa mahaifinsa shine farkon malaminsa. Sannan kuma da mahaifiyarsa. Daga bisani yayi karatu a karkashin lokacin Kalifa bello. Inda wa innan malaman suke a sokoto, salame da wurno. An rawaito cewa Kalifa abdurrahman ya iya karatun kur’ani a kankanin shekarun sa.
Sarauta
Rasuwatr Kalifa umar ta bada damar nada wani Kalifa kamar yadda musulunci ya tanada. Duba da cewa lokacin, lokacin yaki ne wannan dalilin yasa ba’a tsaya yin tanaji da akayi mai tsawo ba wajen zaben Kalifa, inda aka kira, abdurrahman da daniya ibn rufa’i. Inda daniya da karshe yayi ma abdurrahman mubaya’a. Sannan aka bada shawarar ayi amfani da masallacin kaura domin nadashi Kalifa. An nada abdurrahman a masallacin kaura a matsayin khalifa a shekara 1891, march ranar laraba. Sa’i kadan bayan rasuwan umar.
Rasuwa
Lokacin da Kalifa abdurrahman ya lura cewa, kwana kin sa a duniya sun kusa karewa. Sai ya kobe kansa a cikin gidansa. Sannan yabar jagoranci ga Wazirin sa, inda ya bukaci kada a fito dashi inba ya zama dole ba. Ya killace kansa ne da Al-Qur’ani da wuka.
Bibiliyo
Sultans of Sokoto : a biographical history since 1804. Abba, Alkasum,, Jumare, I. M. (Ibrahim Muhammad),, Aliyu, Shuaibu Shehu,. Kaduna, Nigeria. ISBN 978-978-956-924-3. OCLC 993295033.
The Sokoto Caliphate : history and legacies, 1804-2004. Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmood. (1st ed ed.). Kaduna, Nigeria: Arewa House. 2006. ISBN 978-135-166-7. OCLC 156890366.
Smaldone, Joseph P. (1977). Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate : historical and sociological perspectivesISBN0-521-21069-0OCLC2371710
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane |
34656 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Beach%2C%20Alberta | Sandy Beach, Alberta | Sandy Beach ƙauyen bazara ne a cikin Alberta, Kanada. Tana kan tafkin Sandy, arewa maso yamma daga Edmonton tare da Babbar Hanya 642.
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen bazara na Sandy Beach yana da yawan jama'a 278 da ke zaune a cikin 139 daga cikin jimlar gidaje 258 masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 0% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 278. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na 2.41 km2, tana da yawan yawan jama'a 115.4/km a cikin 2021.
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2016 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen bazara na Sandy Beach yana da yawan jama'a 278 da ke zaune a cikin 126 daga cikin 264 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 24.7% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 223. Tare da yanki na ƙasa na , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 115.8/km a cikin 2016.
Duba kuma
Jerin al'ummomi a Alberta
Jerin ƙauyukan bazara a Alberta
Jerin ƙauyukan shakatawa a cikin Saskatchewan
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje |
56080 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowe%2C%20Nigeria | Mowe, Nigeria | Mowe birni ne, da ke ƙaramar hukumar Obafemi Owode a jihar Ogun, Najeriya.Garin yana kan hanyar Legas zuwa Ibadan. Yana da kudu maso yamma da Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya, da daga Legas. |
34979 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20of%20St.%20Paul%20No.%2019 | County of St. Paul No. 19 | Gundumar St. Paul Lamba 19 gundumar birni ce a gabashin tsakiyar Alberta, Kanada. Tana cikin Sashen ƙidayar jama'a mai lamba 12, ofishinta na birni yana cikin Garin St. Paul.
Tarihi
A baya an san ta da Gundumar Municipal na St. Paul No. 86 har zuwa Janairu 1, 1962 lokacin da ta zama gundumar St. Paul No. 19.
Geography
Al'ummomi da yankuna
Waɗannan yankuna suna cikin gundumar St. Paul No. 19.
Yankuna
Alkaluma
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, gundumar St. Paul mai lamba 19 tana da yawan jama'a 6,306 da ke zaune a cikin 2,491 daga cikin 3,764 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 4.5% daga yawanta na 2016 na 6,036. Tare da fadin 3,280.4 km2 , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 1.9/km a cikin 2021.
Yawan jama'ar gundumar St. Paul mai lamba 19 bisa ga ƙidayar jama'arta ta 2017 6,468 ne, canjin 4.9% daga ƙidayar jama'arta na birni na 2012 na 6,168.
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a na 2016 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, gundumar St. Paul Lamba 19 tana da yawan jama'a 6,036 da ke zaune a cikin 2,334 daga cikin 3,562 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 3.6% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 5,826. Tare da fadin , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 1.8/km a cikin 2016.
Duba kuma
Jerin al'ummomi a Alberta
Jerin gundumomin gundumomi a Alberta
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
I |
47844 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekede | Nekede | Nekede gari ne, da ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Garin na kusa da birnin Owerri. Wannan gari ne da ake magana da harshen Igbo wanda ya ƙunshi garuruwa daban-daban guda uku, wato Umuoma, Umualum, da Umudibia. Nekede kuma ta karɓi baƙuncin sabon babban birnin jihar Imo wanda aka fi sani da sabon Owerri. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri na da nisan mintuna 20 daga Nekede. Ya ta'allaka ne akan mahaɗar kogin Nworie da kogin Otamiri. Al’ummar Nekede na ci gaba da samun ci gaba cikin sauri zuwa wani gari mai yawan jama’a sakamakon Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Nekede, wata babbar jami’a mallakar gwamnatin tarayya.
Manazarta
Garuruwa a Jihar Imo |
21344 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christa%20Stubnick | Christa Stubnick | Christa Stubnick ( German pronunciation: [ˈKʁɪsta ˈʃtup̩ˌnɪk] an haife ta a ranar a ranar 12 ga Disamban Shekarar 1933 – 13 May 2021) was a East German sprinter who competed for the United Team of Germany in the 1956 Summer OlympicsTa lashe lambobin azurfa a wasannin mita 100 da 200, inda ta raba 'yan Australiya Betty Cuthbert (mai nasara) da Marlene Matthews (ta uku). Tawagar ta ta 4 × 100 m relay team ta kammala a matsayi na shida.
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1933
Mutuwan 2021
Matan Jamus
Matan karni na 21th |
12234 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya | Gaya | Gaya (Nijar)
Gaya (sashe)
Gaya (Nijeriya) |
42976 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Diop | Paul Diop | Paul Diop (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba 1958) ɗan wasan Judoka ne ɗan ƙasar Mali. Ya yi wasa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 1980 da kuma na lokacin bazara na shekarar 1984.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1958 |
43885 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Edgar%20Siegheim | Bruno Edgar Siegheim | Bruno Edgar Siegheim ( an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1875 a Berlin, Jamus – 5 ga watan Nuwamba 1952 a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu) babban malamin dara ne na Jamus–Afirka ta Kudu.
Ya ɗauki 3rd, a bayan Julius Finn da Hermann Keidanski, a New York 1903 (Gasar Rice Gambit a Manhattan Chess Club). Sa'an nan, sau biyu ya lashe gasar Chess ta Afirka ta Kudu a (1906 da 1912), kuma ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Max Blieden a kalubale (1910), ya doke Harry Duhan a challenge (1911), kuma ya doke Henk Meihuizen a challenge (1912).
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, ya ɗaure 5-6th a Malvern 1921 ( Frederick Yates ya yi nasara), kuma ya raba 2nd tare da Richard Réti, a bayan Akiba Rubinstein, a Hastings International Chess Congress a 1922/23. Ya kuma buga wasa da Mir Sultan Khan a London 1929.
Manazarta |
4955 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Barratt | Joe Barratt | Joe Barratt (an haife shi 21 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da casa'in da tara 1895A.c)a kasar Ingila ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
Mutuwan 1968
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
48992 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerin%20Kamfanonin%20%C6%98asar%20Kenya | Jerin Kamfanonin Ƙasar Kenya | Kenya kasa ce da ke gabashin Afirka kuma memba ce ta kungiyar kasashen gabashin Afirka (EAC). Babban birninta kuma mafi girma birni shine Nairobi. Babban birni, Nairobi, cibiyar kasuwanci ce ta yanki. Tattalin arzikin Kenya shine mafi girma ta GDP a Gabashi da Tsakiyar Afirka. Noma babban ma'aikaci ne; A al'adance kasar na fitar da shayi da kofi kuma a baya-bayan nan ta fara fitar da sabbin furanni zuwa Turai. Har ila,yau, masana'antar sabis ita ce babbar hanyar tattalin arziki. Bugu da kari, Kenya mamba ce ta kungiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta yankin gabashin Afirka.
Fitattun kamfanoni
Wannan jeri ya haɗa da fitattun kamfanoni masu babban hedikwata dake cikin ƙasar. Masana'antu da sashin suna bin tsarin Taxonomy na Rarraba Masana'antu. Ƙungiyoyin da suka daina aiki an haɗa su kuma an lura da su a matsayin sun lalace.
Duba kuma
Nairobi Securities Exchange
Jerin kamfanoni da kungiyoyi da ke Nairobi
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Yanar Gizon Kasuwancin Nairobi
Hukumar Kasuwan Jari, Kenya - kamfani na jiha da ke daidaita kasuwannin babban birnin Kenya, gami da kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Nairobi
KenInvest - kamfani na jiha, ƙungiyar cinikayyar zuba jari
Tarihi da bayanin kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Nairobi daga MBendi |
9375 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningi%20%28Nijeriya%29 | Ningi (Nijeriya) | Ningi ƙaramar hukuma ce dake a Jihar Bauchi, a arewa maso gabashin Nijeriya.
Manazarta
Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi |
5413 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/62%20%28al%C6%99alami%29 | 62 (alƙalami) | 62 (sittin da biyu) alƙalami ne, tsakanin 61 da 63.
Alƙaluma |
35116 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo%2C%20Saskatchewan | Togo, Saskatchewan | Togo ( yawan jama'a na 2016 : 86 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin gundumar Karkara ta Cote No. 271 da Sashen ƙidayar jama'a mai lamba 9 . Yana da da iyakar Manitoba kuma kusan arewa maso gabashin birnin Yorkton .
A cikin 1906, lokacin yakin Russo-Japanese, sunaye biyu sun fito: Admiral Togo na jirgin ruwa na Japan da Admiral Makaroff na Rasha. A cikin 1906 an haɗa Pelly Siding a matsayin ƙauye kuma aka sake masa suna Togo bayan mai mulkin Jafananci, kuma al'umma ta gaba zuwa gabas akan layin CNR (mil 5) ana kiranta Makaroff (Manitoba) don girmama admiral na Rasha.
Duk da ƙananan yawan jama'a, Togo tana da ofishin gidan waya, cocin Lutheran, raye-raye / skating, wurin shiga. Bayan noma, ayyukan gida sun haɗa da kamun kifi (duba: Lake of the Prairies ) ko wasan hockey . A da akwai lif ɗin hatsi da yawa dake kusa da titin jirgin ƙasa.
Dan wasan NHL Ted Hampson daga ƙauye ne. Reginald John Marsden Parker daga Togo yayi aiki a matsayin Laftanar Gwamnan Saskatchewan .
Tashar Togo tana karɓar sabis na Via Rail sabis. A cikin watan Afrilun 2013, wani jirgin fasinja ya kauce hanya kusa da ƙauyen. Babu wanda ya jikkata.
Tarihi
An haɗa Togo a matsayin ƙauye a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1906.
An kafa wannan ƙauyen ne bayan da Japanawa suka ci nasara da dama a yaƙin da suka yi da Rasha (Yaƙin Rasha da Japan 1904-05). Birtaniya ta yi kawance da Japan a wannan yakin kuma Japan ta kasance kasa mai farin jini a duk fadin daular Burtaniya. Garuruwa uku a cikin Saskatchewan tare da layin CN (Togo, Kuroki, Mikado), wurin shakatawa na yanki (Oyama), da CN Siding (Fukushiama) an ba su suna don girmamawa ga nasarorin Jafananci a cikin wannan yaƙin.
Alkaluma
A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Togo tana da yawan jama'a 83 da ke zaune a cikin 46 daga cikin 62 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. -3.5% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 86 . Tare da yanki na ƙasa na , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 57.6/km a cikin 2021.
A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016, ƙauyen Togo ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 86 da ke zaune a cikin 45 daga cikin 63 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. -1.2% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 87 . Tare da filin ƙasa na , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 57.3/km a cikin 2016.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje |
7056 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumayau | Kumayau | Kumayau Ana kyauta tsammani cewa shine sarkin katsina na farko,kuma kumaye ba Musulmi bane shine wanda ya fara mulkan katsinawa a matsayin al'umma guda daya.
Tarihi
Babu wani shedan ranar haihuwan shi ko mutuwan shi da ake dashi tabbatacce akasa saidai hasashe da kuma tunani.
Manazarta |
54242 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alapoto | Alapoto | Alapoto wani kauye ne dake karamar hukumar Emure dake jihar Ekiti, a Najeriya.
Manazarta |
46305 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsedu%20Tsegay | Atsedu Tsegay | Atsedu Tsegay Tesfay (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 1991) ƙwararren ɗan wasan tsere ne na Habasha. A cikin shekarar 2012, ya ci Prague Half Marathon a cikin lokaci na 58:47 - mafi kyawun wasan marathon na shekara da tarihin Habasha.
Babban bayyanarsa na farko a duniya shine a gasar matasa ta duniya a shekarar 2010 a wasannin motsa jiki, inda ya kasance a matsayi na shida a wasan karshe na mita 5000. A cikin shekarar 2011 ya ci Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale tare da rikodin kwas na mintuna 58:11 da Corrida de Langueux a wani rikodin kwas na mintuna 27:46. Ya kuma zo na biyu a gasar Half Marathon na Rabat a waccan shekarar.
A farkon shekara ta gaba ya dauki lambar tagulla a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta shekarar 2012. Ya kuma lashe gasar São Silvestre de Luanda a karshen wannan shekarar. A cikin shekarar 2013 yana da iyakacin fita amma ya zo na hudu a gasar Half Marathon na Lille kuma ya lashe Great Ethiopian Run da Delhi Half Marathon (karya rikodin kwas a tseren karshe).
Mafi kyawun mutum
Mita 5000 - 13:54.24 min (2010)
Mita 10,000 - 27:28.11 min (2013)
10K gudu - 27:46 min (2011)
Half marathon - 58:47 min (2012)
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1991 |
6775 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul | Banjul | Banjul birni ce, da ke a ƙasar Gambiya. Ita ce babban birnin Gambiya. Banjul tana da yawan jama'a 357,238, bisa ga jimillar 2013. An gina birnin Banjul a shekara ta 1816.
Biranen Gambiya |
46531 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belkacem%20Remache | Belkacem Remache | Belkacem Remache (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoban 1985 a Constantine ), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Aljeriya wanda a halin yanzu yake taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga AS Khroub a gasar Ligue ta Algerian Professionnelle 2 .
Aikin kulob
A ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, 2010, Remache ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da JS Kabylie .
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
A ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu, 2008, Remache ya kira Remache daga { ungiyar A' {asa ta Aljeriya, don wasa da USM Blida a ranar 11 ga Afrilu Ya kuma kasance a matakin ƙasa da 23 .
A ranar 25 ga watan Mayu, 2012, Vahid Halilhodžić ya kira Remache zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan Algeria a karon farko, bayan da wasu 'yan wasan suka samu raunuka a sansanin.
Manazarta
Girmamawa
Ya lashe kofin Aljeriya sau daya tare da JS Kabylie a gasar cin kofin Aljeriya 2010–11
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Belkacem Remache at DZFoot.com (in French)
Rayayyun mutane
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya
Haihuwan 1985 |
29932 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudaryk | Dudaryk | Dudaryk ɗan wasan duda ne na kasar Ukraine.
"Dudaryk", jerin wakokin mutanen Ukraine wanda Mykola Leontovych ya tsara
"Dudaryk", tatsuniyar mawaki Pavlo Tychyna Kiev, 1950
Dudaryk (gungun mawaƙa)
Dudaryky ( ru / uk ) fim tare da Nataliya Sumska da Bohdan Stupka |
41933 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao%20Tom%C3%A9 | Sao Tomé | São Tomé babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma a tsibirin São Tomé da Principe na Afirka ta Tsakiya. Sunanta Portuguese don " Saint Thomas ". An kafa shi a karni na 15, yana daya daga cikin tsoffin biranen Afirka da suka yi mulkin mallaka.
Tarihi
Álvaro Caminha ya kafa mulkin mallaka na São Tomé a cikin shekarun 1493. Mutanen Portuguese sun zo Sao Tomé don neman ƙasa don shuka rake. Tsibirin ba shi da mazauna kafin zuwan Portuguese wani lokaci a 1470 kusa da Sao Tomé, mai tazarar arewa da equator, yana da yanayin damshi a wurin wanda ya zaa iya shuka rake a cikin daji. Yaran Yahudawa su 2,000, ’yan shekara takwas zuwa ƙasa, an ɗauke su daga yankin Iberian don yin aikin gonakin sukari. Masarautar Kongo na Afirka da ke kusa ta zama tushen aikin bayi kuma. Tsibirin São Tomé shine babban cibiyar samar da sukari a ƙarni na sha shida; Brazil ta mamaye ta a shekara ta 1600.
São Tomé na tsakiya ne akan babban coci na ƙarni na sha shida, wanda aka sake gina shi a ƙarni na 19. Wani ginin farko shine Fort São Sebastião, wanda aka gina a 1566 kuma yanzu Sao Tomé National Museum. A ranar 9 ga watan Yuli, 1595, wani tawaye na bayi, karkashin jagorancin Rei Amador ya mamaye babban birnin; An yi musu rauni a shekara ta 1596. A cikin 1599, mutanen Holland sun ɗauki birnin da kuma tsibirin na kwana biyu; sun sake mamaye shi a shekara ta 1641 har tsawon shekara guda. Garin ya kasance babban birnin ƙasar Portugal ta São Tomé da Principe kuma, daga São Tomé da Principe yancin kai a 1975, a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar.
Geography
Mahimmanci a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa, São Tomé yana kan Ana Chaves Bay a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin São Tomé, kuma Ilhéu das Cabras yana kusa da bakin teku. São Tomé yana arewa maso gabas da Trindade, kudu maso gabashin Guadalupe da arewa maso yammacin Santana . Yana da alaƙa da waɗannan garuruwan ta wata babbar hanya wacce ta kewaye duk tsibirin São Tomé. Yana da alaƙa da Cape Verde ta jirgin ruwa na mako-mako.
Hotuna
Manazarta |
52744 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eedris%20Abdulkareem | Eedris Abdulkareem | Eedris Turayo Abdulkareem Ajenifuja (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1974), wanda aka fi sani da Eedris Abdulkareem, dan wasan hip hop ne na Najeriya, R n B da Afrobeat, marubucin waƙa da mawaƙa. Shi ne jagorar rapper na tsohuwar ƙungiyar hip hop ta Najeriya The Remedies .
An haife shi Eedris Turayo Abdulkareem Ajenifuja ga dangin da ke da mata da yawa a Kano, Najeriya, mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga Ilesha, Jihar Osun, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga Jihar Ogun, duk a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya, amma ya karbi Jihar Kano a matsayin asalinsa. Ya rasa mahaifinsa yana da shekaru 2 da takwas daga cikin 'yan uwansa yayin da lokaci ya wuce.
Abdulkareem ya auri Yetunde kuma suna da 'ya'ya.
A shekara ta 2000, Abdulkareem na daga cikin mutanen da jama'ar Najeriya suka zabe su don ɗaukar fitilar Olympics a cikin sakewa a cikin ƙasar.
Bayanan da aka yi
Kundin studio
P.A.S.S (2002)
Mr. Lecturer (2002)
Jaga Jaga (2004)
Letter to Mr. President (2005)
King Is Back (2007)
Unfinished Business (2010)'''
Nothing But The Truth (2020)''
Masu zaman kansu
"Jaga Jaga part 2" (2012)
"Wonkere ft Fatai rolling dollar" (2011)
"Sekere" ft Vector (2013)
"Fela ft Femi Kuti" (2013)
"I Go Whoze You ft Vtek" (2013)
"Trouble Dey Sleep" ft Konga (2016)
"Jaga Jaga Reloaded" (2021)
"Oti Get E" (2021)
Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Haihuwan 1974
Rayayyun mutane |
39178 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrieta%20Farka%C5%A1ova | Henrieta Farkašova | Henrieta Farkašová (an haife ta 3 ga Mayu 1986) 'yar wasan tsere ce ta Slovak, zakaran Paralympic sau goma sha ɗaya kuma zakaran duniya sau goma sha bakwai a rukunin B3 (rarrabuwa).
Tarihin rayuwa
Taken Farkašová shine: "Ba zai yuwu ba ba komai".
Farkašová ta lashe lambobin zinare uku a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 2010, a Whistler Creekside a cikin giant slalom na mata, Super Women's hade, Super-G na mata, nakasar gani da lambar azurfa a gangaren mata, mai nakasa.
Farkašová ta ci lambar zinare ta shida a gasar wasannin nakasassu lokacin da ta lashe gasar mata masu fama da matsalar gani a lokacin wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2018.
A cikin 2019 ta sami lambar yabo ta Laureus ta Duniya don ƙwararren ɗan wasa na shekara tare da nakasa.
Farkašová jagoranta na ski ita ce Natália Šubrtová. Sabon jagorarta na wasan tsere shine Michal Červeň.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1986 |
35829 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer%20Township%2C%20Roseau%20County%2C%20Minnesota | Deer Township, Roseau County, Minnesota | Garin Deer birni ne, da ke cikin gundumar Roseau, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 92 a ƙidayar 2000.
An sanya sunan Garin Deer saboda yadda ake farautar barewa a can.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na , duk kasa.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 92, gidaje 38, da iyalai 28 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 2.5 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.0/km 2 ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 53 a matsakaicin yawa na 1.5/sq mi (0.6/km 2 ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 97.83% Fari, 1.09% Asiya, da 1.09% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.
Akwai gidaje 38, daga cikinsu kashi 26.3% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 71.1% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 2.6% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 26.3% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 23.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance na mutane ne, kuma 10.5% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.42 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.89.
A cikin garin an bazu yawan jama'a, tare da 21.7% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 9.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 18.5% daga 25 zuwa 44, 31.5% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 18.5% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 45. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 114.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 111.8.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $36,875, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $45,417. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $26,071 sabanin $20,000 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $14,301. Babu iyalai da 2.5% na yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙarƙashin layin talauci, gami da waɗanda ba ƙasa da goma sha takwas ba kuma babu ɗayan waɗanda suka haura 64.
Nassoshi |
18311 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebiba | Sebiba | Sebiba ( ) ita ce kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a Aljeriya don tsara biki da raye-rayen da Abzinawa ke yi a wannan lokacin tare da rakiyar mata masu kada ganguna a yankin Sahara na Djanet a yankin Tassili n’Ajjer da ke kudancin Algeria. Rawar ta samo asali ne daga zuriyar bayi bakar fata na Afirka kuma wani bangare ne na bikin Ashura na Musulunci .
Yanayin al'adu
Al’umar Tuareg a cikin Aljeriya da a yankin Sahel bisa al’ada sun kasu kashi biyu na azuzuwan zamantakewa.
Ana kiran babban aji na aristocrats Imajeghen ko Imuhagh a cikin harshen Tamasheq kuma yayi daidai da mayaƙa (hassan) daga cikin Moorish Bidhan .
A cikin ƙananan ƙarshen zaman jama'a aji ne Iklan, bayi ko Abid daga Bidhan ( ).
Bayin da aka sace daga yankin Sudan suna da 'yanci a yau kuma sun kasance mafi yawa a cikin al'umar Abzinawa.
Maƙerin maƙera, waɗanda suka yi duk kayan aiki, makamai da kayan ado, sun kafa ƙungiya ta daban wacce a baya ba ta cikin jama'a kuma an haramta ta.
Ana kiransu Inaden, a cewar Bidhan, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa waƙar Sebiba da kiɗan drum suke da asalin baƙar fata ta Afirka.
Wani rawa maza na baƙar fata na yawan Abzinawa, Tazanzareet, ya kasance tare da raira waƙoƙin mata da bushewa; da wuya aka taɓa yin sa.
A cikin wannan kyakkyawar rawar Abzinawa ba kasafai ake yin ta ba, matansu suna buga waƙar Imzad mai kaɗa ɗaya ko kuma buga Tendee turmi don rakiyar mawaƙa.
Halaye
Ranar farko zuwa rana ta goma ga watan farko na watan Muharram shine lokacin bukukuwan wucewa wanda ke shigowa da sabuwar shekara. A koli ne rana ta goma, da Ashura rana ( ), wanda ke da wasu ma'anoni na addini dangane da mazhabar Musulunci.
Sabuwar Shekarar Hijiriyya ita ce Muharram ta goma sha ɗaya mai zuwa. A cikin Djanet, ana kiran Sebiba rawa da kuma duk lokacin biki a ƙarshen shekara.
A Agadez da ke arewacin Nijar, Abzinawan suna bikin Bianu tare da raye-raye da kuma fareti a lokaci guda.
A Bianu da kuma a bikin Sebiba, an tsara hanyar gudanar da taron ne ta hanyar bambanci tsakanin kungiyoyin jama'a biyu: Tare da Bianu, an raba garin Agadez zuwa gabas da yamma rabin lokacin taron, mazauna da Ksar zo ga Sebiba festival, Azellouaz da Ksar El Mihan da juna.
Bikin ya dawo da tunanin wani dogon rikici wanda yanzu aka warware shi tsakanin kauyukan biyu. Wurin Adjahil baya shiga cikin shagalin, mai yiwuwa haramcin addini ne daga Sufi Tariqa na Senusiyya, wanda ya kiyaye Zawiya a Adjahil a farkon karni na 20.
Abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na Sebiba sun haɗa da tunanin almara na ƙarshen shekara, sabon farawa da lokaci na rikon kwarya wanda ke cikin canji da narkewa yayin tsawon lokacin bikin. Wannan ra'ayi na gaba daya an wuce dashi ne kamar al'adun Abzinawa (Tagdudt) kuma ance ya san Abzinawa makiyaya a da.
Tunanin lokacin rikitarwa mai rikitarwa yana da alaƙa da sabuntawar yanayi na yanayi, amma kuma ana iya haɗuwa da tatsuniyoyi na ƙarfin ikon sarakunan bakar fata na Afirka. A can masarautar ta kan shiga wani lokaci na maimaita rikice-rikice na al'ada, inda dangantakar mulki ke juyewa kuma ana yin yaƙe-yaƙe har sai an tabbatar da mai mulkin yana da asalin Allah.
Daidaitawar lokaci tare da Ashura ya sanya ayyukan ibada, wadanda tun farko ake maganarsu a matsayin jahiliyya, wani bangare ne na al'adun musulinci na yau da kullun kuma saboda haka karbabbu ne ga yawancin Abzinawa Musulmi. Koyaya, akwai kungiyoyin musulmai da suka ƙi Sebiba a matsayin waɗanda ba musulmai bane saboda asalinsu da kuma yadda ake aiwatar dasu.
Al'adar baka ta bijiro da asalin Sebiba zuwa ga mutuwar Fir'auna, wanda ya nitse a cikin Bahar Maliya yayin tsananta wa Musa (Sidi Moussa) da yahudawa, bisa ga al'adar Musulunci ta Sunni kan asalin Ashura. A wancan lokacin, kyakkyawa ta yi nasara a kan mugunta, wanda aka bayyana a cikin sabon farkon yanayi a lokacin Ashura.
Don gode maka da nasarar da aka yi, ana cewa ƙirƙira Sebiba. Don rarrabe shi da raye-raye na Sebiba, wanda kuma ana iya yin sa a wasu ƙauyuka yayin bukukuwan aure da sauran shagulgulan biki, ana kiran bikin a ranar Ashura Sebiba n'Tililin (sauran rubutun Sebeiba ou Tillellin).
Sauran raye-raye na asalin bakar fata na Maghreb su ne Stambali, raye-rayen Tunusiya wanda wani ɓangare ne na shakuwa da takwararta ta Morocco Derdeba. Rawar Algeriya na matan Berber Abdaoui shima yana da ma'anar yanayi.
Kayan Duniya
An sanya bikin Sebiba a cikin Sahara na Algeriya a matsayin al'adun Abzinawa da al'adun gargajiya wadanda suka zama wani bangare na al'adun duniya na bil'adama, inda sutturar gargajiya da aka shirya don bikin ta kasance tana da matsakaici.
An rubuta al'adu da shagulgulan Sebiba a cikin yankin Djanet a cikin shekara ta 2014 a tsakanin jerin UNESCO na al'adun al'adu na Intangible na Humanan Adam .
Rawa a cikin wannan bikin rawa ce wacce take cikin jerin UNESCO na jerin al'adun gargajiya, waɗanda suka haɗa da raira waƙa, kiɗa da biki.
Sebiba ta hada da shagulgula, raye-raye na al'ada, waƙoƙin jama'a da kuma buga ganguna, raye-raye na jama'a waɗanda aka tsara kuma ana yin su musamman a Sahara ta Algeria.
Wannan nau'ikan rawar rawa an yarda da ita a hukumance a matsayin al'adun Aljeriya, kuma ana jin daɗin ta kuma ana jin daɗin ta a duk faɗin duniya, kuma suna da girman duniya da jan hankalin yawon shakatawa.
Rawar Sebiba wani lamari ne mai matukar rikitarwa, wanda ya shafi al'adu, al'adu, amfani da jikin mutane, kayan tarihi (kamar sutura da kayan tallafi), da kuma takamaiman amfani da kiɗa, sarari da hasken rana.
A sakamakon haka, an hada abubuwa da yawa wadanda ba za a iya gani ba a cikin rawar Sebiba, wanda hakan ya sanya ya zama kalubale amma mai matukar ban sha'awa irin na al'adun Aljeriya da Abzinawa don kiyayewa.
Hotuna
Duba kuma
Manazarta
Pages with unreviewed translations |
49491 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamri | Kamri | KamriWani kauye ne a karamar hukumar bindawa a garin katsian |
57964 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest%20Democratic%20Front | Midwest Democratic Front | Jam'iyyar Midwest Democratic Front karamar jam'iyyar siyasa ce daga yankin Midwest na Najeriya;Ya mamaye jihohin Edo da Delta a yau.Jam’iyyar ta kasance daya daga cikin kananan jam’iyyu daban-daban da suka kulla kawance da jam’iyyu masu rinjaye a jamhuriyar Najeriya ta farko,irin su Action Group,the Northern People’s Congress,NEPU da National Council of Nigeria da Kamaru.
Nassoshi
Toyin Falola; Tarihin Najeriya, Jaridar Greenwood, 1999. |
36834 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuwa%20Abdulkadir | Inuwa Abdulkadir | Inuwa Abdulkadir (12 Janairu 1966 - 6 Yuli 2020) lauyan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya kasance mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress ( APC ). Ya taɓa rike muƙamin Ministan Cigaban Matasa na Tarayya daga 2012 zuwa 2013, kafin su yi takun-saka da Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan tare da marawa Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari baya a zaben Shugaban kasa na 2015.
Ya kuma taba zama Sakataren Majalisar Sarkin Musulmi ta Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama Sakataren kungiyar Tuntuba ta Arewa – kungiyar shugabannin siyasa da al’adu a Arewacin Najeriya . A 1996, Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Maccido ya ba shi sarautar gargajiya ta Magatakarda (Babban Marubuci) na Khalifancin Sakkwato .
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Inuwa Abdulkadir a Sokoto a ranar 12 ga Janairun 1966. Ya halarci makarantar Ahmadu Bello Academy da ke Farufaru daga 1977 zuwa 1982, kafin ya wuce Jami’ar Usman Danfodio da ke Sakkwato daga 1982 zuwa 1990, inda ya karantu ya samu digirin farko a fannin shari’a. A cikin 1990, ya halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya kuma daga baya zama mamba na Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya a 1991. Daga nan ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Shari’a ta Najeriya da ke Legas a shekarar 1995.
Daga baya Inuwa ya shiga aikin gwamnati a matsayin lauyan jiha a ma’aikatar shari’a ta jihar Sokoto . A shekarar 1992, Inuwa ya kasance sakataren (Arewa Operations) na yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na dan leken asiri Umaru Shinkafi na jam'iyyar Conservative National Republican Convention (NRC), wanda ya sha kaye a hannun Bashir Tofa wanda daga baya ya tsaya takara a zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, 1993 . Daga baya Inuwa ya zama Sakataren Majalisar Sarkin Musulmi . Ya kuma taba zama Babban Lauya/Ministan Shari’a na Jihar Sakkwato, sannan kuma ya kasance Memba a Kwamitin Bitar Shari’ar Laifukan Jihar Sakkwato, Hukumar Larabci da Musulunci ta Jihar Sakkwato, da Hukumar Kula da Matasa ta Kasa (Jihar Sakkwato), da Sakataren Hukumar Fashi da Makamai. Kotun da ke karkashin gwamnatocin soji a jihar.
A 1999, Inuwa ya kasance mai ba da shawara a Oputa Panel inda ya kare kungiyar tuntuba ta Arewa akan Afenifere. Daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Sakataren Tsare-tsare na Kasa na Jam’iyyar ANPP. A shekarar 2003, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasa na jam’iyyar Progressive Peoples Alliance Orji Uzor Kalu a lokacin zaben 2003. Daga nan ya zama mashawarcin shari’a kuma Sakataren Kamfani na Kamfanin Jarida na Sokoto Limited, kafin ya koma Jam’iyyar PDP mai mulki a lokacin.
Siyasa
A shekarar 2012, shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya nada Inuwa ministan raya matasa na tarayya . A shekarar 2013, an cire shi daga mukaminsa ba tare da sanin ya kamata ba saboda dangantakarsa da Gwamna Aliyu Wammako wanda yana cikin gwamnoni bakwai da suka kafa kungiyar G-7 a cikin PDP (nPDP). A watan Nuwambar 2013, Wammako tare da gwamnonin nPDP biyar sun sauya sheka zuwa sabuwar jam'iyyar adawa ta APC. Inuwa ya shiga ya shiga cikinsu ya zama dan jam’iyyar APC.
Daga baya aka nada shi mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar APC na kasa ( North West ) kuma ya goyi bayan shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari . Daga baya ya zama shugaban hukumar kula da ingancin abinci da magunguna ta kasa (NAFDAC). A shekarar 2019, an dakatar da shi ne saboda “ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa” daga jam’iyyar APC reshen jihar biyo bayan sauya sheka da abokinsa Gwamna Aminu Tambuwal ya yi zuwa jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party. Bayan kira ga Adams Oshiomhole ya yi murabus a watan Yulin 2019, an cire shi a matsayin Mai taimakaw mataimakin shugaban kasa na.
Mutuwa
A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2020, Inuwa ya mutu bayan ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 yayin barkewar cutar COVID-19 a Najeriya . Ya yi aure ya haifi ‘ya’ya goma.
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1966 |
29017 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankin%20San%20Cercle | Yankin San Cercle | San Cercle yanki ne na gudanarwa a yankin Ségou na Ƙasar Mali . Cibiyar gudanarwa ( chef-lieu ) ita ce garin San .
An kuma kasa Cercles of Mali zuwa kashi 25 :
Baramandougou
Dah
Diakourouna
Diéli
Djéguena
Fion
Kaniegué
Karaba
Kassorola
Kava
Moribila
N'Goa
N'Torosso
Niamana
Niasso
Ouolon
San
Siadougou
Somo
Sourountouna
Sy
Téné
Teneni
Tourakolomba
Waki
Manazarta |
16324 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magaajyia%20Silberfeld | Magaajyia Silberfeld | Sarah Magaajyia Silberfeld (an haife ta 30 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1996) ta kasance 'yar asalin Faransa-da-Nijar ce kuma daraktar fim.
Tarihin rayuwa
Magaajyia Silberfeld diya ce ga daraktan fim Rahmatou Keïta da kuma dan jaridar Faransa Antoine Silber . Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida tana da shekaru 11.Magaajyia Silberfeld ta girma ne a Faransa amma tana yawan zuwa Girka, Niger, da Mali, kuma ta zauna a Los Angeles shekara uku. Ta fara fim ne a shekarar 2011, a cikin La Lisière . Magaajyia Silberfeld ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Cibiyar Lee Strasberg a shekarar 2013, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Playhouse West Repertory a shekarar 2014 da kuma a Susan Batson Studio a shekarar ta 2015. Tun tana 'yar shekara 18, ta rubuta kuma ta shirya fim dinta na farko, Me There kuma ta shirya Ride ko Die mai dauke da Piper de Palma da Roxane Depardieu. She made her film debut in 2011, in La Lisière.
A cikin shekarar 2016, Magaajyia Silberfeld ta sami matsayinta na farko a cikin Zoben Bikin aure, wanda mahaifiyarta ta jagoranta kuma ta ba da kuɗin gaba ɗaya ta asusun Afirka. Ta fito amatsayin Tiyaa, wata budurwa wacce ke zuwa karatu a Faransa kuma ta kamu da son wani mutum mai asali da daraja. Fim din ya zama fim din Nijar na farko da aka fara bugawa a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Academy. A shekarar 2017, ta shirya wani gajeren fim dinta mai suna Vagabonds, wanda Danny Glover ta fito . A wannan shekarar, Magaajyia Silberfeld ta sami digiri na falsafa daga Sorbonne . A lokacin kwaleji, ta koyi Turanci ta hanyar kallon fina-finan Amurka.
Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula a yayin bikin Friborg International Film Festival na shekarar 2019 kuma ta ɗauki nauyin Yarjejeniya don Daidaitawa da Bambanci. Magaajyia Silberfeld ta gabatar da shirin mahaifiyarta na Al'lèèssi. . . Une actrice africaine (2004), hoton 'yar fim din Nijar Zalika Souley .
Fina-finai
2011: La Lisière ('yar wasa)
2014: Ni Can (gajeren fim, marubuci tare / darekta)
2015: Ride ko Mutu (gajeren fim, co-darekta)
2016: Zoben Bikin aure ('yar wasa)
2017: Vagabonds (gajeren fim, marubuci / darekta)
Manazarta
Haɗin waje
Magaajyia Silberfeld a Gidan Fim ɗin Intanet na Intanet |
53539 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiruddin%20Hamzah | Amiruddin Hamzah | Dato 'Wira Amiruddin bin Hamzah (Jawi: أميرالدين بن حمزة; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1962) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Kudi a cikin gwamnatin Pakatan Harapan (PH) daga Yuli 2018 zuwa rushewar gwamnatin PH a watan Fabrairun 2020, memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kedah (EXCO) a cikin gwamnatin jihar Pakatan Rakyat (PR) daga Maris 2008 zuwa rushe gwamnatin jihar PR a watan Mayu 2013 kuma a cikin gwamnatin Jihar Kisu Matattu na 2018 zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar PM3 ga watan Mayu Shi memba ne na Jam'iyyar Homeland Fighters Party (PEJUANG). Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na farko kuma wanda ya kafa PEJUANG tun lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar a watan Agusta 2020. Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), jam'iyya ce ta jam'iyyar Perikatan Nasional (PN) kuma a baya hadin gwiwar PH da Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), jam'iyyar PN da kuma tsohuwar hadin gwiwarsa ta PR da Barisan Alternatif (BA). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan Jihar na PAS na Kedah .
Sakamakon zaben
Daraja
:
Knight Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (DSDK) – Dato' (2009)
Kwamandan Knight na Order of the Crown of Kedah (DGMK) - Dato' Wira (2019)
Haɗin waje
Amiruddin Hamzah on Facebook
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1962 |
11393 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramatu%20Tijjani%20Aliyu | Ramatu Tijjani Aliyu | Ramatu Tijjani Aliyu (an haife ta a ranar sha biyu 12 ga watan Yuni,shekarar ta alif dari tara da saba'in 1970) yar Najeriya ce kuma ƴar siyasa wacce take daga Jihar Kogi, Najeriya. Ta kasance itace shugabar mata ta jam'iyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) da kuma All Progressive Congress (APC) bayan haɗuwar jam'iyun daga shekarar (2014 - 2018). Ta taimaki shugaba Muhammadu Buhari lokacin kamfen ɗinsa, inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wurin tattaro mata da kuma matasa, ta kuma kasance mai cikekken adawa ga ɗan takara Alhaji Atiku Abubakar. Ramatu ta kuma riƙe shugabancin Council of African Political Parties (CAPP).
Aikin
A ranar 21 ga watan Augusta shekara ta dubu biyu da sha tara 2019, Ramatu ta zama ƙaramar Minista ta Babban birnin tarayya (Abuja) biyo bayan naɗin ta da shugaba ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari yayi.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
60149 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarin%20tantancewar%20carbon | Tsarin tantancewar carbon | Tsarin tantancewar carbon hanyace ta lissafin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen sarrafa iskar gas mai ƙima. Ya tabbatar da cewa, raguwar da ake da'awar a fitar da hayaki ko kayan haɓɓaka na nutsewar carbon, ya faru a zahiri kuma yana da ƙarfi.
Duba kuma
Tsarin bincike
Carbon diyya |
15598 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Njoku | Mary Njoku | Mary Nnenna Njoku (wacce aka fi sani da Mary Remmy ko Mary Remmy Njoku, an haife tane a ranar 20 ga watan Maris shekarar 1985) 'yar fim ce kuma furodusa a Nijeriya, kuma Darakta Janar ta gidan fim da ke Legas mai suna ROK Studios, a Najeriya, wanda aka yi kwanan nan wanda katafaren TV din Faransa, CANAL + ya samu Ta shirya kuma ta yi fice a cikin <i id="mwFA">Abinda Za a Yi</i>, Mazajen Legas ; tauraruwa da kuma jagorantar 'Yan Matan da ba Festac Town ba .
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Mary Njoku, wacce ita ce ta shida a cikin iyalai 8, an haife ta ne a Amuwo Odofin, Lagos, Nigeria. Ta fito daga Nsukka, jihar Enugu Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Amuwo Odofin, Kwalejin Kasa ta Bagada da Navy Town Secondary School. Ta yi difloma a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta. Daga shekarar 2010, Njoku ta halarci jami’ar jihar Legas inda ta yi karatun digiri a fannin harshen Turanci. A shekarar 2012, Njoku ta halarci makarantar koyon fina-finai ta London a Burtaniya inda ta yi kwas a kan Producing: Movie Magic Budgeting & Schedule Daga yarinta, tana da sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin da take makarantar Sakandire. Njoku ya shiga masana'antar Nollywood ne a shekarar 2003, yana da shekara 17.
Ayyuka
Njoku ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo ne a fim din Nollywood na 2004 'Home Sickness', wanda ta fito tare da Chioma Chukwuka Akpotha . Ta yi fice sosai bayan ta fito a cikin fitaccen fim din Nollywood mai suna 'Blackberry Babes' a shekarar 2011. Tsakanin 2011 da 2013, Njoku ya samar da iROKtv, wani dandalin YouTube wanda ya gabatar da hirarraki tare da mashahuran 'yan Najeriya, tare da gabatar da labaran Afrobeats da Nollywood. A shekarar 2015, Njoku ya zama Babban Jami’in Harkokin Sadarwa a Kawayen IROKO. A watan Maris, ta gudanar da firaminista na farko a duniya don fim dinta na Anyi Dadi a BFI IMAX London, farkon fim din Nollywood a IMAX. A watan Agustan 2018, Njoku ta shirya fim din Nwanyioma, inda rawarta ta bukaci ta aske gashin kanta gaba daya.
ROK Studios
A watan Agusta 2013, Njoku ya kafa ROK Studios. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2013, ROK ya samar da fina-finai 540 da jerin TV 25 na asali, gami da Festac Town, Ladan matan da ba su yi aure ba, Yaren Jiki, Rashin Kulawa da Mijin Legas A cikin 2016, Njoku ya ƙaddamar da ROK a kan Sky, cibiyar sadarwar da ke watsawa a cikin Burtaniya. Don murnar ƙaddamarwa, wasu abokan aikinta na Nollywood sun halarci bikin ƙaddamar da wanda ya gudana a Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Burtaniya. Njoku ya kuma ƙaddamar da ROK a kan DSTV, cibiyar sadarwar da ke watsa shirye-shiryenta a duk Afirka, a cikin shekarar.A watan Afrilu 2018, ROK Studios ya ƙaddamar da sababbin tashoshi biyu, ROK2 da ROK3, don saduwa da buƙatar ROK akan DSTV. ROK2 yana isar da abun ciki wanda ke nuna asalin Nollywood, yayin da ROK3 ke baje kolin baiwa da dama ta kasar Ghana, kuma yana da wata tashar tashar kade kade banda fim din 24hr da kuma jerin zabi. A cikin 2019, Njoku ya kula da sayan ROK zuwa CANAL +, babbar yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta zamani don alamar Nollywood.
Walƙiya
A watan Agustan 2013, tare da abokan kasuwancin ta Jason Njoku da Bastian Gotter, Njoku sun ƙaddamar da motar zuba jari ta dala miliyan biyu don fara ayyukan Intanet da ke Legas mai suna Spark.
Rayuwar ta
Mary Njoku ta auri haifaffen dan asalin kasar Birtaniya haifaffen kasar Biritaniya, kuma mai saka jari a Afirka, Jason Njoku, a Festac, Legas a ranar 18 ga Agusta 2012, a gaban dangi, abokai da abokan aiki. Sun yi maraba da dansu na fari, Jason Obinna Njoku, a ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2013, an haifa musu ɗa na biyu Nwakaego Annabelle Njoku a ranar 24 ga Agusta 2015 kuma sun yi maraba da na uku, Amber Nnenna Njoku a ranar 4 ga Agusta 2017.
Fina finai
Manazarta
Mutane
Ƴan Najeriya
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1985 |
35233 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%E2%80%94Danforth | Toronto—Danforth | Toronto-Danforth (tsohon Broadview—Greenwood ) gundumar zaɓe ta tarayya ce a cikin Ontario, Kanada, wacce ke da wakilci a cikin House of Commons na Kanada tun 1979. Ya ta'allaka ne ga gabashin Downtown Toronto . Shahararren dan majalisar ta shi ne shugaban New Democratic Party (NDP) kuma jagoran 'yan adawa Jack Layton .
Toronto—Danforth ya ƙunshi ƙabilu iri-iri, waɗanda suka haɗa da manyan al'ummomin Girkanci, Sinawa, Musulmai da Kudancin Asiya. Tana da kaso mafi girma na kabila na Girka a cikin duk abubuwan hawan Toronto (7.3%).
A tarihi, hawan ya karkata zuwa hagu, musamman tun 1990s. Galibin zabukan dai na faruwa ne tsakanin jam'iyyar NDP da kuma jam'iyyar Liberal Party . Ko da ƙarshen rarrabuwar ƙuri'a a tsakiyar dama, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kusan babu su a cikin hawan; babu wani dan takarar jam'iyyar Conservative da ya haye kashi 15 cikin dari.
Jam'iyyar NDP ta gudanar da hawan keke na tsawon shekaru tara na farkon wanzuwarta kafin Liberal Dennis Mills ya lashe kujerar a 1988 kuma ya rike ta a tsawon tsawon lokacin mulkin Liberal na fage na tarayya. Layton ne ya kwance shi a cikin 2004, wanda a baya ya yi takara da Mills a 1997 . Layton ya rike kujerar har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 2011. Kujerar ta kasance babu kowa har sai da zaben fidda gwani na ranar 29 ga Maris, 2012, wanda dan takarar jam'iyyar NDP kuma lauyan kare hakkin dan Adam Craig Scott ya lashe. Duk da haka, Scott ya sha da kyar a hannun Liberal Julie Dabrusin a zaben 2015 a wani babban tashin hankali.
Alkaluma
Bisa ga ƙidayar Kanada 2016 ; 2013 wakilci
Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci: 65.2% Fari, 12.3% Sinawa, 5.0% Baƙar fata, 2.3% Filipino, 2.0% Aboriginal, 1.4% Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, 1.3% Latin Amurka, 1.7% Mahara</br> Harsuna: 67.7% Turanci, 6.3% Cantonese, 4.5% Girkanci, 2.6% Faransanci, 2.3% Mandarin, 1.4% Mutanen Espanya, 1.2% Tagalog, 1.1% Italiyanci</br> Addinai (2011): 48.7% Kirista (19.0% Katolika, 9.9% Kirista Orthodox, 4.7% Anglican, 3.5% United Church, 1.4% Presbyterian, 1.5% Pentecostal, 10.2% Sauran), 4.6% Buddhist, 4.4% Muslim, 1.9 Bayahude, 1.0% Hindu, 38.4% Babu addini</br> Matsakaicin kudin shiga (2015): $35,056</br> Matsakaicin samun shiga (2015): $54,560
Tarihi
An halicci hawan a cikin 1976 a matsayin "Broadview-Greenwood" daga sassan Broadview da York East da wani karamin ɓangare na Greenwood .
Ya ƙunshi farkon ɓangaren Municipality na Metropolitan Toronto wanda ke iyaka da kudu ta hanyar Queen Street East, a yamma da Kogin Don, kuma a gabas da arewa ta layin da aka zana arewa daga titin Queen Street tare da Jones Avenue, gabas tare da Gerrard. Titin Gabas, arewa tare da Greenwood Avenue, yamma tare da O'Connor Drive, arewa tare da Titin Don Mills zuwa Kogin Don.
A cikin 1987, an sake fasalinta ta ƙunshi ɓangaren birnin Toronto da Gundumar Gabashin York wanda ya yi iyaka da yamma ta Kogin Don, kudu da titin Sarauniya, kuma a gabas da arewa ta layin da aka zana daga tafkin arewa tare da titin Leslie, gabas tare da titin Sarauniya Gabas, arewa tare da Greenwood Avenue, gabas tare da Danforth Avenue, arewa tare da Coxwell Avenue da Coxwell Boulevard, da yamma tare da Taylor Creek da reshen Gabas na Don River zuwa Kogin Don.
A cikin 1996, an ayyana shi ya ƙunshi sassan Birnin Toronto da Gundumar Gabashin York arewa tare da Leslie Street, gabas tare da titin Sarauniya Gabas, arewa tare da Greenwood Avenue, gabas tare da titin Gerrard Gabas, arewa tare da Coxwell Avenue da Coxwell. Boulevard, yamma tare da Taylor Creek, Kogin Don River Gabas da Kogin Don, arewa maso yamma tare da titin Millwood, kudu maso yamma tare da layin dogo na Kanada Pacific da iyakar gabashin birnin Toronto, kudu tare da Kogin Don zuwa Toronto Harbour.
An canza sunan gundumar zaɓe a shekara ta 2000 zuwa "Toronto-Danforth" bisa shawarar Dennis Mills, dan majalisar wakilai mai hawa. ‘Yan kasar da dama sun ji haushin sauya sunan da aka yi musu, musamman saboda rashin bayyana ra’ayin jama’a kan lamarin. Layton ya nemi shigarwar unguwa don wani canjin suna zuwa hawan, amma ba a canza sunan ba.
A cikin 2003, an ba ta iyakokinta na yanzu, wanda ya ƙunshi ɓangaren birnin Toronto wanda ke iyaka da kudu ta tafkin Ontario da Toronto Harbour, a gabas ta hanyar Coxwell da Coxwell Boulevard, a arewa ta Taylor Creek da Don. Reshen Kogin Gabas, kuma a yamma ta Kogin Don. Wannan hawan bai canza ba bayan sake rarraba zaɓe na 2012 .
Tsoffin iyakoki
'Yan Majalisa
Wannan hawan dokin ya zabo 'yan majalisa kamar haka:
Sakamakon zabe
Toronto-Danforth, 2000-yanzu
Lura: Canji daga 2000 don manyan jam'iyyu uku ya dogara ne akan sakamakon sake rarrabawa. Canjin Jam'iyyar Conservative ya dogara ne akan jimillar ƙuri'un Kanadiya Alliance da Ƙuri'un Jam'iyyar Conservative Party.
Lura: An kwatanta ƙuri'ar Alliance ta Kanada da ƙuri'ar gyara a zaɓen 1997.
Broadview-Greenwood, 1976-2000
Lura: An kwatanta fitacciyar ƙuri'ar ɗan takarar Progressive Conservative Peter Worthington da jimillar kuri'un da aka kada a zaɓen 1982 wanda ɗan takarar PC Bill Fatsis ya samu da Mista Worthington yana takara ba tare da alaƙa ba.
Duba kuma
Jerin gundumomin zaben tarayya na Kanada
Gundumomin zaben Kanada da suka gabata
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Broadview—Greenwood federal riding history from the Library of Parliament
Toronto—Danforth federal riding history from the Library of Parliament
Campaign expense data from Elections Canada
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
61600 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garba%20Ibrahim%20Muhammad | Garba Ibrahim Muhammad | Garba Ibrahim Muhammad: wanda aka fi sani da Garba Ɗiso (Ɗan Kano ne kuma ƙwararren injiniya ne a Nijeriya) An haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, A shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da takwas, 1958A.c miladiya. Shine shugaban kwamitin tsaro na cikin Majalisar Wakilan Nijeriya a yanzu. Shi ɗan jam’iyyar New Nigerian people Party (NNPP) ne mai wakiltar ƙaramar Hukumar Gwale a Jihar Kano a majalisar Wakilai ta tarayyar Nijeriya. Kuma Aƙidar sa a siyasa ita ce Kwankwasiyya.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifeshi ne a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 1958 a cikin garin Kano. A karo Na farko an Zaɓi Hon. Garba a matsayin ɗan majalisar mai wakiltar ƙaramar hukumar Gwale a jihar Kano, A Jam'iyyar APC a shekara ta 2015-2019. An ƙara zaɓar sa karo na Biyu a shekarar 2023.
Garba Ɗiso yayi Firamare a makarantar Masallaci Special Primary school, A shekarar 1965 zuwa 1971, daga nan ya cigaba da karatun sa na sakandare a makarantar koyon fasaha da ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire wacce akafi sani da Government Technical College Wudil (G.T.C) Kano, a shekarar 1971 zuwa 1977, lokacin ana kiranta da Government Secondary Technical school (G.S.T.S) Wudil.
Ya Tsallaka ƙasar Faransa Ya sami Diploma a fannin Yaren Faransanci, A Cibiyar Audiovisuel des Langues Modernes, Vichy, Faransa. Yayi Digirin sa na farko ne a fannin injiniyan motoci a Jami’ar Lycee Technique Nationalise, Saumur France a shekarar 1978 zuwa 1981, ya sami shaidar kammala B.T.S a makarantar Lycee Technique Du Hainaut Valenciennes France. A fannin Automobile Engineering/management wato Injiniyan Tsare-tsare na ƙirƙirar motoci a faɗin duniya, a shekarar alif 1984.
Ya gudanar da Bautar ƙasa (NYSC) ne a 1985 a kamfanin peugeot da ke garin Kaduna, Saboda kokarin sa suka ba shi aiki a matsayin me bada shawara a cikin kamfanin har tsawon shekara 7.
Ya bar kaduna, A alif 1991 ya shiga kamfanin Steyr da ke garin Bauchi, ya riƙe muƙamin Shugaban cinikayya da Saye da siyasarwa na kamfanin tsawon shekara 7. Daga baya ya dawo gida kano don shirin shiga fagen siyasa a alif 1997.
Siyasa
Mutum ne mai Himma da ƙwazo, bayan gwagwarmaya da aiki da yayi a sassa daban daban na jahohin Nijeriya, ya shiga siyasa kai tsaye bayan ya kammala karatunsa, a inda a shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012, an naɗa Garba Ɗiso a matsayin Kwamishinan kimiyya da Fasaha, daga baya yazama Kwamishina mai Kula da Ayyuka da Kimantawa a shekarar 2012 zuwa 2014, duka a ƙarƙashin Gwamnatin Injiniya Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso.
An fara zaɓar Garba Ibrahim Muhammad, a matsayin ɗan majalisa mai Wakiltar Ƙaramar hukumar Gwale ta jihar Kano Najeriya a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar APC.
Inda ya zama zaɓaɓɓen ɗan majalisar wakilan a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar ta APC a shekarar 2015-2019, a karo na biyu kuma a shekarar 2023 ya sake komawa kan kujerar sa ta majalisar a ƙarƙashin jam'iyar NNPP. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin Mabiya sahun gaba waɗanda suka goyi bayan Engr. Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso tun daga shekarar 1999.
Yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar Wakilai ta tarayyar Nijeriya masu Jin yaruka daban-daban kama daga, Hausa, Turanci da kuma Faransanci.
Kawo yanzu ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar Wakilai ta tarayyar Nijeriya Tajudeen Abbas. An naɗa shi matsayin shugaban kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar a 2023.
Kwamitoci
Shugaban: Nigeria-France
Parliamentary Friendship Group.
Mataimakin shugaban: Freedom of
Information (FOI)
Kwamitocin Majalisa
Man fetur
Harkokin cikin gida
Public Procurement
kimiyya da fasaha
Harkokin Gidaje
Ƙarafa
SDG
Darajoji
• Medaille de la Francophanie ta Ofishin Jakadancin Faransanci na Ƙasashen waje a Najeriya, a cikin Maris 2015.
• Knight of the French Order of the Academic Palms by the French Government in November 2015 Government, in November 2015.
Duba Kuma
Eng. Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso
Rt. Hon. Yakubu Dogara
Majalisar Najeriya
Manazarta
Nijeriya
Kano
Gwamnatin Najeriya
Musulmi
Faransa
Injiniyoyin Najeriya
Haifaffun 1958 |
53989 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauziyya%20Sani | Fauziyya Sani | Fauziyya Sani(Mai kyau)
Tsohuwar jaruma ce a masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud ta Dade tana fim tayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar fim,tayi tashe tana daya daga cikin kyawawan mata a masana'antar,tayi lokaci a zamanin su safiya Musa,Farida jalal, mansura Isa da sauran su.
Takaitaccen Tarihin ta
Cikakken sunan ta shine fauziyya sani Amma anfi sanin ta da fauziyya maikyau, ta Sami sunan maikyau ne daga Yan uwanta Kuma abokan aikin ta a masana'antar.fauziyya Haifaaffiyar jihar bauchi ce tayi karatun ta a can har ta kamnala,bayan ta gama ne ta dawo Kano inda ta shiga masana'antar kanniwud, ta shigo masana'antar fim a sa,a inda daga shigowan ta tauraruwar ta ta haska ta daukaka daga jaruma ta dawo ta zama furodusa ,tana da wani business da take Yi ita keda katin shagon Nan Mai suna marmud collection inda take Saida abaya atamfa laces da kayan ado na mata duka a shagon.fauziyya ta bar masana'antar fim inda tayi aure har ta haifi diya mace Mai suna Fatima ana Kiran ta da Nihal.tayi furodusin fim sun Fi goma a masana'antar |
45766 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanya%20Dilima | Khanya Dilima | Khanya Dilima (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilun a shekara ta 1999), ɗan wasan kurket ne na Afirka ta Kudu . Ya yi nasa na farko na Lissafi A ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta (2021) don Boland a cikin shekara ta (2020 zuwa 2021) CSA Kalubalen Rana Daya . Ya yi karon sa na Twenty20 a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta (2021) don Boland a gasar shekara ta (2021 zuwa 2022) CSA Lardin T20 Knock-Out .
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Khanya Dilima at ESPNcricinfo
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1999 |
23405 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojo%20Tsikata | Kojo Tsikata | Kojo Tsikata, ya kasance tsohon Shugaban Tsaron Kasa da Harkokin Waje na Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (PNDC). An jera shi a matsayin kyaftin din ritaya a rundunar sojojin Ghana.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An tura Tsikata zuwa Kongo tare da Manjo Janar Ankrah a matsayin wani bangare na rundunar sojan Ghana tare da umarni daga Kwame Nkrumah don kare Pan-Africanist kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka Patrice Lumumba, wanda shine Firayim Minista. Daga baya ya ziyarci Conakry, Guinea, don ziyartar Nkrumah. An kama shi, aka tsare shi, aka kuma yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matsayin wanda ake zargi da kulla makarkashiya kan Nkrumah a lokacin da ya iso.
Samora Machel, mai fafutukar neman 'yanci, ya shiga tsakani don yafe masa. Samora ya yi tafiya tare da shi zuwa Mozambique. Daga baya ya isa Angola a 1964 don shiga cikin mayakan MPLA da mayaƙan duniya daga Cuba.
An nada shi a 1982 a karkashin gwamnatin Jerry Rawlings. Ya kasance mai kula da tsaron kasa tun 1982 kuma daga baya ya shiga gwamnatin Rawlings a ranar 21 ga Janairu 1995. Ya kasance memba na majalisar jiha kuma kyaftin na sojojin Ghana. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar jihar Ghana. A cikin 1995,an nemi ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar tattaunawa tare da Ibn Chambas wanda shine Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Waje na lokacin,da Birgediya Janar Agyemfra, tare da Harry Mouzillas daga Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Ghana a matsayin ɗan jarida don ɗaukar labarai. Sun yi tattaki don shiga tare da Mista James Victor Gbeho, Shugaban Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) a lokacin kuma mazaunin Flt Lt Jerry John Rawlings da Mista Ate Allotey, jami'in diflomasiyya..
Ya yi watsi da lambar yabo ta kasa da za a ba shi a cikin tsarin umarnin abokin Volta a karkashin Shugaba Kuffour. An jera shi a matsayin daya daga cikin jami'an gwamnati shida a karkashin gwamnatin NDC da suka samu kyautar..
Gaddafi ne ya nada shi zuwa wani babban mukami mai ba da shawara wanda ke kula da kwamitin tsakiya na Al Mathaba, cibiyar tallafa wa harkar 'yanci da masu adawa da mulkin mallaka da kungiyoyin yahudawan sahyoniya..
Jayayya
Wani alkalin kotun koli mai ritaya, Mista Justice G. E. K. Aikins, ya bayyana cewa akwai hannun Kyaftin Tsikata a sace da kashe alkalan babbar kotun uku da wani sojan ritaya a ranar 30 ga watan Yunin 1983 a lokacin mulkin PNDC kuma ba a taba yi masa shari'a ba. Daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun hada da Kyaftin Kojo Tsikata da Sajan Aloga Akata-Pore, dukkansu manyan membobin PNDC na wancan lokacin. 'Yan kasar ta Ghana sun kawo Tsikata a karkashin bincike, amma a yayin zaman kwamitin sulhu na kasa (NRC) ya musanta cewa yana da hannu a kisan alkalan. Har ila yau, babu isassun shaidu don gurfanar da Kyaftin Tsikata a cewar babban mai gabatar da kara na Ghana. Dalili guda shi ne, kafin a zartar da hukuncin wanda shi kaɗai, ya janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Kyaftin Tsikata. An daure Joachim Amartey Quaye,daya daga cikin wadanda suka kirkiri wannan kisan gilla kuma an daure wasu sojoji, Tekpor,Dzandzu, da Helki, duk da laifin kisan kai, an yanke musu hukuncin kisa,kuma an kashe su ta hanyar harbi. Daya daga cikin wadanda aka yankewa hukunci, Amedeka, ya tsere daga gidan yari kuma tun daga lokacin ba a sake ganinsa ba..
Kyaututtuka
Kyaftin Kojo Tsikata ya karbi daya daga cikin manyan lambobin yabo na Angola, wanda aka fi sani da Carlos Silva a tsakanin mayakan Angola, saboda rawar da ya taka a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kasa.
Tsikata shi ne mai riƙe da lambar yabo ta Solidarity Award da na Umarnin "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", wanda Majalisar Dokokin Jamhuriyar Cuba ta bayar.
Manazarta |
34863 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwamnatin%20Tarayyar%20Najeriya | Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya | Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya tana da rassa guda uku: 'yan majalisu, zartaswa, da shari'a, wadanda kundin tsarin mulki ta ba su iko daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya a Majalisa da shugaban kasa da kotunan tarayya ciki har da kotun koli. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwa mukamai da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin guda uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.
Najeriya jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke da ikon zartarwa. Shugaban kasa shi ne shugaba a kasa, jagoran gwamnati, kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa. Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugabancin kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. 'Yan majalisa na karkshin gwamnatin tarayya da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. "Economist Intelligence Unit" ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin "hybrid regime" " a shekara ta 2019. Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba ja kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 1960.
Tsarin shari'a
Shari'ar Najeriya ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.
Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya;
Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka;
Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki;
Sharia, dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya.
Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar Kotun Koli a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar.
Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya
Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune
(1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.
(2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da criminal and penal codes na Najeriya.
Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya
Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1960-Zuwa shekara ta 1966, zamanin soja a shelara ta 1966 Zuwa shekara ta 1999.
Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966
Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. ’Yan siyasa da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).
Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999
Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.
Reshen Gudanarwa
Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekara ta 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.
Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da shugaban kasa ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. Majalisar dattawan Najeriya ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.
Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na Najeriya. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa, Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.
Reshen majalisa
Majalisar dokokin Najeriya tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. Majalisar dattijai na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da jahohin kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar babban birnin tarayya.
Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.
A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan, wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar ta 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar Femi Gbajabiamila, wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekara ta 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.
Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman a Shekara ta 2018).
Reshen shari'a
Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi kotun koli ta Najeriya, kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da shari’a da sauran kotuna na musamman. Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar kotun kolin na Najeriya, wadanda shugaban kasar ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. Majalisar dattawa za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.
Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekara ta 1999. Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine Olukayode Ariwoola.
Dimokradiyya a Najeriya
Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekara ta 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. Kyakkyawan alamar dimokuradiyya a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.
Matsayin 'yanci
A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekara ta 2014. Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmi a jihar. Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar safarar mutane a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.
Jam'iyyun siyasa
Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.
Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a Shekaran alif ta 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.
Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.
Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan
'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. Hukumar zabe ta kasa ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.
Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.
Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015
Majalisar wakilai
Majalisar Dattawa
Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019
Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi
Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar Musulunci a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa.
’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin Shari'a, yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.
Ta'addanci a Najeriya
Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar Boko Haram, kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani ta shekara ta 2009. Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na ISIS a cikin shekara ta 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da Amurka sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar 'yan gudun hijira a Najeriya.
Membobin Commonwealth
Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar alif ta 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin shekarar alif ta 1995 zuwa shekarar alif ta 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar alif ta 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. A shekara ta 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.
Jihohin Najeriya
Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina . Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, da kuma Zamfara.
Kananan Hukumomi
Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa kananan hukumomi (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a shekarar alif ta 1968, zuwa ta 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke shekarar alit ta 1976.
Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19
A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta COVID-19 a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.
Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.
Sojojin Najeriya
Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar alif ta 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata Sani Abacha a 1998.
Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato Brigade of Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, Sadique Abubakar, ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.
Alakar kasashen waje
A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.
Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.
Jarida
Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.
Duba kuma
Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya
Majalisar dokokin Najeriya
Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya
Ma'aikatan Najeriya
Jihohin Najeriya
Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya
Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya
Kara karantawa
Karl Levan da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics . Jami'ar Oxford Press.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st
Gwamnatin Najeriya
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
39507 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth%20Zerobin | Elisabeth Zerobin | Elisabeth Zerobin ’yar Austriya ce mai tseren kankara mai tsayi. Ta wakilci Austriya a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin hunturu a shekarar 1984 kuma ta samu lambobin tagulla biyu.
Ta ci lambar tagulla a taron Haɗin Alpine na Mata na LW4 da kuma a taron mata na Slalom LW4.
Ta kuma yi gasa a gasar Mata ta Downhill LW4 da Giant na Mata Slalom LW4.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
55024 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade%20Chynoweth | Jade Chynoweth | Jade Chynoweth
An haife Ta a watan Agusta 21, 1998) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka kuma mai rawa.
An san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin matashiya Artemisia a cikin fim ɗin almara na 2014 na 300: Rise of an Empire da Carmen a cikin babban fim ɗin 2016 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, saboda rawar da ta taka maimaituwa kamar Kathleen Nolan akan jerin talabijin na TNT Jirgin Ruwa na Ƙarshe da Odalie Allen akan jerin Premium na Step up high water. |
44736 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousseynou%20Diagn%C3%A9 | Ousseynou Diagné | Ousseynou Cavin Diagné (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a ES Zarzis.
Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa don Cádiz CF kuma yana da ɗan wasa kaɗan a Le Mans da Club Brugge II kafin ya koma ƙasarsa ta huɗu ta Turai, ya rattaɓa hannu kan Kristiansund BK a cikin watan Fabrairun 2020. Ya buga wasansa na farko na Eliteserie a cikin watan Yulin 2020 da Bodø/Glimt. A cikin shekarar 2021 ya yi gwaji tare da Raufoss IL, amma ya zauna tare da Kristiansund. Duk da haka an sake shi a ƙarshen watan Mayun 2021.
A duniya, ya kasance memba na tawagar don gasar cin kofin Afrika na U-20 na 2017, gasar cin kofin Afrika na U-20 na 2019 da kuma 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1999 |
22830 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berefut | Berefut | Berefut shuka ne.
Manazarta
Shuka |
58868 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutsen%20Bates | Dutsen Bates | Dutsen Bates (Pitcairn-Norfolk ) shine mafi girman wurin tsibirin Norfolk,yanki na waje na Ostiraliya,a 319 mita (1,047 ft) sama da matakin teku.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje |
16252 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Pikwa | Edith Pikwa | Edith Pikwa Boma (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Janairu) 'yar fim ce' yar Kamaru, da ke zaune a Houston, Texas, Amurka.
Ayyuka
An zabe ta a cikin Kyakkyawar 'yar wasa / Mafi kyautuwar tasiri - Diaspora award waje na kyautar fim ɗin, Sako ga Brian, wanda a cikin ta aka sa tauraruwa, a cikin lambar yabo ta 2014 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA). An fara fim a Houston, Texas .
Ta kasance tauraruwa a cikin fim din, Ndolor da Sanata, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2016 a Houston, Texas. Fim din da Mbango Adambi ya shirya kuma Gordon Che ya bada umarni tare da ' yan fim din Callywood da Nollywood da ' yan fim kamar Mbango Adambi, Kelechi Eke, Frank Artus, Sunnyfield Okezie, Jasmine Roland, Eko Leonel, Ruth Taku, Bareh Mildred, Samson Tarh da Beatrice Nwana.
Fim dinta, Kiss of Death, shi ne fim na buɗe a taron CAMIFF 2017 a ranar 24 ga Afrilu.
Ta kasance jagorar 'yan fm a Camerwood 2018 fim, Tenacity, wanda ya hada da Libota McDonald, Mat Atugon, Vugah Samson da Eyo Eyo Michael. Fim din ya kuma lashe Kyautar Kyauta Mafi Kyawu a Kyautar CAMIFF ta 2018.
Fina-finai
Manazarta
Haɗin waje
Edith Pikwa Boma akan IMDb
Edith Pikwa a kan Wanene Wanene a Kamaru |
59973 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin%20Kaeo | Kogin Kaeo | Kogin Kaeo kogine dake arewa mai nisa na tsibirin Arewa wanda yake yankin New Zealand . Yana bi ta arewacin yankin Arewacin Auckland Peninsula, ya isa teku a tashar Whangaroa . Ƙananan garin Kaeo yana zaune a kan bankunansa, daga bakin kogin.
Duba kuma
Jerin koguna na New Zealand
Nassoshi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
31060 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukumar%20yan%20sanda%20ta%20pakistan | Hukumar yan sanda ta pakistan | Doka a Pakistan ( ) dokar na ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassa uku na tsarin shari'ar laifuka na Pakistan, tare da shari'a da kuma gidajen yari. Kasar dai na da tarin jami’an ‘yan sandan tarayya da na Jahohi da na kananan hukumomi masu aiki na gama-gari da na musamman, amma manyan jami’an jahohi da galibin na tarayya ‘yan sanda ne na Pakistan (PSP). PSP tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman sassan Sabis na Babban Ma'aikata, babbar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Pakistan. Ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta gwamnatin Pakistan ce ke kula da hukumomin tilasta bin doka ta tarayya gaba daya, yayin da jami'an 'yan sandan lardin jihar ke kula da wani sashen gwamnatin jihar.
Hukumomin 'yan sandan tarayya
Wasu daga cikin hukumomin da ke ƙasa wani bangare ne na dakarun sa-kai na Pakistan, yayin da wasu kuma ƙungiyoyin tilasta bin doka ne na ma'aikatun gwamnati na musamman. Ba a haɗa da Rundunar Sojojin Pakistan ta Rundunar 'Yan sandan Soja ba, wacce ke da hurumin jami'an soji kawai.
Rundunar Tsaro ta Filayen Jiragen Sama (ma'aikatan 8,945) wani ɓangare ne na Sashin Jirgin Sama (wanda kuma ya haɗa da Pakistan International Airlines, da Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ) kuma ke da alhakin kare filayen jiragen sama, wurare da jiragen sama (a kan ƙasa ko cikin iska). Yana kiyaye masana'antar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama daga tsangwama ba bisa ka'ida ba, ɗaukar matakan yaƙi da ta'addanci, hana aikata laifuka da kiyaye doka da oda a cikin iyakokin filayen jirgin saman Pakistan.
Rundunar Anti-Narcotics Force (ma'aikata 3,100) tana da alhakin yaƙar fasa-kwauri da amfani da su a cikin Pakistan.
Babban Darakta na Leken Asiri da Bincike shine reshen bincike na Hukumar Tara Haraji ta Tarayya.
Hukumar binciken ta tarayya, ita ce hukumar kula da iyakoki, da bayanan sirri da tsaro a karkashin ma’aikatar harkokin cikin gida, wacce ke da hurumin bincike a kan gudanar da ayyukan yaki da ta’addanci, leken asiri, laifuffukan tarayya, farkisanci, fasa-kwauri da kuma keta haddi da sauran laifuka na musamman.
Frontier Corps (ma'aikata 80,000) wasu dakarun sa kai ne guda biyu da ke aiki a kan iyakar Afghanistan da Pakistan da kan iyakar Iran da Pakistan.
Frontier Constabulary (ma'aikata 26,000) rundunar 'yan sanda ce ta 'yan sanda da ke da alhakin kiyaye doka da oda da kuma magance al'amuran da ba su da ikon rundunar 'yan sandan farar hula na lardin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . An kafa ta a cikin Daular Indiya ta Burtaniya a cikin 1913, kuma an yi mata suna bayan tsohon lardin Arewa maso Yamma.
Gilgit Baltistan Scouts (ma'aikata 2,481) runduna ce ta 'yan sanda da ke aiki a arewa maso gabashin Pakistan a kan iyakar China da Pakistan .
Hukumar Yaki da Ta'addanci ta Kasa (NACTA) kungiya ce ta hadin kai da tsare-tsare da ke hada kungiyoyi da dama wadanda kudadensu ya shafi yaki da ta'addanci. Suna da alhakin haɗin kai na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, samar da dabaru da tsare-tsare na gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci, da gudanar da bincike da nufin yaƙar ta'addanci.
'Yan sandan manyan tituna da manyan motoci na kasa suna da alhakin aiwatar da dokokin zirga-zirga da aminci, tsaro da farfadowa a kan babbar hanyar kasa da babbar hanyar sadarwa. NH&MP suna amfani da SUVs, motoci da manyan babura don sintiri, da kyamarori masu sauri don aiwatar da iyakokin gudu.
Kwalejin 'yan sanda ta kasa cibiya ce ta horar da manyan jami'an 'yan sandan farar hula.
Ofishin 'yan sanda na kasa yana aiki a matsayin cibiyar tunani ga ma'aikatar cikin gida don tsara sauye-sauye da manufofin 'yan sanda.
Jami'an tsaron gabar tekun Pakistan (ma'aikata 7,000) runduna ce ta 'yan sanda da ke aiki a gabar tekun Pakistan.
'Yan sandan layin dogo na Pakistan suna aiki akan tsarin layin dogo na Pakistan.
Pakistan Rangers (ma'aikata 41,000) wasu dakarun sa kai ne guda biyu da ke aiki a kan iyakar Indiya da Pakistan .
Hukumar kwastam ta Pakistan tana aiki a tashoshin jiragen sama da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Pakistan.
'Yan sandan Tarayyar Pakistan
'Yan sandan babban birnin kasar ita ce 'yan sanda na yau da kullun na babban birnin Islamabad . Saboda matsayin birnin, rundunar 'yan sanda na karkashin ikon gwamnatin Pakistan. Ya hada da 'yan sandan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na Islamabad.
'Yan sandan lardi da na yanki
Jahohi guda hudu na Pakistan ( Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh da Balochistan ) kowannensu yana da 'yan sanda na kansa, wanda aka tsara don dacewa da kalubale na wannan yanki, tare da nasu na musamman da manyan sassan. Kowace rundunar ‘yan sanda tana da Kwamishinan ‘yan sanda da aka nada a matsayin Sufeto-Janar wanda babban jami’i ne daga hukumar ‘yan sandan Pakistan. Wasu jami’an ‘yan sandan jiha na samun tallafi daga jami’an tsaro na tarayya da ke aiki a yankin. Dukkanin jami'an 'yan sandan jihar suna dauke da Sashen Yaki da Ta'addanci.
Tufafin gargajiya na jami'an 'yan sandan jihohin Pakistan bakar riga ce mai dauke da wando. A cikin shekarar 2017, 'yan sanda a Punjab sun sauya sheka zuwa kakin zaitun, amma sun koma kakin gargajiya a shekarar 2019. A cikin shekarar 2020, jihohin duk sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da rigar da ake sawa a Islamabad - shuɗi mai haske ko farar riga mai launin shuɗi mai duhu.
The Balochistan Police (38,000 personnel) operates in 7 districts of Balochistan province.
Manazarta
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
51705 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihin%20tattalin%20arzikin%20Afirka | Tarihin tattalin arzikin Afirka | Mutanen farko sun kasance masu farauta da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin iyali. Ko da a lokacin akwai cinikayya mai yawa wanda zai iya rufe nesa mai nisa. Masu binciken tarihi sun gano cewa shaidar cinikayya a cikin abubuwa masu alatu kamar ƙarfe masu daraja da harsashi a duk faɗin nahiyar.
Tarihin tattalin arzikin Afirka sau da yawa Kuma yana mai da hankali kan bayani game da talauci kuma yana rufe wasu fannoni kamar nasarorin manoman Afirka, 'yan kasuwa da jihohi, gami da ingantaccen tsaro na abinci, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Tarihin Da
Afirka tana da tarihin tattalin arziki mafi tsawo kuma mafi tsufa. Da zaran al'ummomin mutane sun kasance, haka kuma ayyukan tattalin arziki sun kasance. Mutanen farko sun kasance masu farauta da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin iyali. Ko da a lokacin akwai cinikayya mai yawa wanda zai iya rufe nesa mai nisa. Masu binciken tarihi sun gano cewa shaidar cinikayya a cikin abubuwa masu alatu kamar karafa da kwarangwal a duk faɗin nahiyar sune manyan sana'o'in mutanen Berber, suna zaune a wuraren da suka bushe kuma sun zama makiyaya, yayin da a cikin gandun daji, amfanin gona da aka noma kuma ta haka ne zama na dindindin zai yiwu. Aikin noma ya goyi bayan manyan garuruwa, kuma a ƙarshe manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun bunkasa tsakanin garuruwa.
Asalin aikin gona
Aikin noma na farko a Afirka ya fara ne a kusa da Sahel da kudancin hamadar Sahara, wanda a cikin 5200 BC ya fi danshi da yawa fiye da yau. An haifi nau'o'in asali da yawa, mafi mahimmanci shine lu'u-lu'u, sorghum da cowpeas, waɗanda suka bazu ta Yammacin Afirka da Sahel. Sahara a wannan lokacin ya kasance kamar Sahel a yau. Yankin da aka bude ya sauƙaƙa noma, amma ƙasa mara kyau da iyakantaccen ruwan sama ya sa noma mai zurfi ba zai yiwu ba. Har ila yau, amfanin gona na cikin gida ba su da kyau kuma suna samar da ƙananan adadin kuzari fiye da na wasu yankuna. Wadannan dalilai sun iyakance raguwa kuma sun kiyaye yawan jama'a da warwatse.
Arewacin Afirka ya ɗauki hanya daban-daban daga yankunan kudanci. A yanayin yanayi yana da alaƙa da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Fertile Crescent, kuma an karɓi dabarun noma na wannan yankin. Wannan ya haɗa da amfanin gona daban-daban, kamar alkama, sha'ir, da inabi. Har ila yau, Arewacin Afirka ya sami albarka daga ɗayan yankunan noma mafi arziki a duniya a kwarin Kogin Nilu. Tare da isowar aikin gona, yankin Nilu ya zama ɗayan yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a duniya, kuma Masar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin wayewar farko.
Kashewar Sahara ya haifar da babbar shingen tsakanin yankunan arewa da kudancin nahiyar. Muhimman bambance-bambance guda biyu sune Nubian Sudan, wanda ke da alaƙa da Masar ta hanyar Nilu da Habasha, wanda zai iya kasuwanci tare da yankunan arewacin Bahar Maliya. Jihohi masu iko sun girma a cikin waɗannan yankuna kamar Kush a Nubia (yanzu Arewacin Sudan da Kudancin Masar) da Aksum a Habasha. Musamman daga Nubia, ra'ayoyi da fasaha daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai sun kai ga sauran Afirka.
Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa aikin ƙarfe ya ci gaba da kansa a Afirka. Ba kamar sauran nahiyoyi ba Afirka ba ta da lokacin jan ƙarfe da tagulla da ke aiki kafin Iron Age, saboda sun fi dacewa da fasaha. Jan ƙarfe yana da wuya a Afirka yayin da ƙarfe ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. A Nubia da Habasha, ƙarfe, kasuwanci, da albarkatun noma sun haifar da kafa birane da wayewa.
Yaduwar Bantu
Yawancin lokaci, a cikin yankunan da ba su da yawa, wannan lokacin ya ga fadada mutanen da ke magana da Bantu. Yaduwar Bantu ta fara ne a Kudancin Kamaru kimanin shekaru 4000 da suka gabata. Ana magana da harsunan Bantu a can a yau kuma akwai shaidar archaeological ga manoma masu shigowa na Neolithic a Arewacin Gabon c. 3800 BC. An san cewa fadada Bantu ya kasance mai sauri sosai kuma mai girma, amma ainihin injinsa ya kasance mai kawo rigima. Wannan lokacin ya riga ya wuce ƙarfe, wanda ya bayyana a cikin rikodin archaeological ta 2500 BC.
Ɗaya daga cikin fadadawa na farko na Bantu shine ƙaurawar Bubi zuwa Fernando Po (Bioko). Har yanzu suna amfani da fasahar dutse da farko. Matsalolin yanke gandun daji na equatorial don noma sun haifar da shawarar cewa fadadawar farko ta kasance tare da kwarin kogi, ra'ayi da aka goyi bayan nazarin sunayen kifi. Wani abu kuma na iya zama isowar amfanin gona na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, musamman AAB plantain, cocoyam da water-yam. Sake fasalin harshe ya nuna cewa kawai dabbobi da proto-Bantu ke da su shine awaki. A cikin ƙarni duka rabin kudancin Afirka an rufe shi da rukuni, ban da hamadar Kalahari kawai. Yaduwarsu ta ƙare kwanan nan. A cikin shekara ta 1000, 'yan kasuwa Larabawa sun bayyana cewa Bantu ba su kai ga Mozambique ba, kuma mazauna Turai sun lura da fadada Bantu zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a ƙarƙashin Zulu da sauransu, duk da haka babu wata shaidar archaeological da ke tallafawa da'awar su maimakon haka shaidar ta nuna kasancewar masu magana da Bantu da yawa a baya da sama da shekaru 1800 da sama da 1400 kafin zaman farko na Turai a yankunan Afirka ta Kudu na Mozambique da Afirka ta Kudu bi da bi.
Shigar da kiwo na Bantu ya sake fasalin tattalin arzikin nahiyar. Wani lokaci a cikin karni na farko, wani canji mai mahimmanci ya fara yayin da amfanin gona ya fara zuwa daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Tekun Indiya koyaushe yana buɗewa ga kasuwanci fiye da Atlantic da Pacific. 'Yan kasuwa za su iya hawa iskar ruwan sama ta yamma a farkon shekara kuma su koma gabas daga baya. An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan amfanin gona sun fara zuwa Madagascar, wanda kuma ya karɓi yarukan kudu maso gabashin Asiya, wani lokaci tsakanin AD 300 da 800. Daga tsibirin, amfanin gona ya haye zuwa yankin Great Lakes na Afirka. Sun hada da amfanin gona da yawa, mafi mahimmanci shine ayaba.
Ayaba da sauran amfanin gona sun ba da damar yin noma sosai a yankunan wurare masu zafi na Afirka, wannan ya fi shahara a yankin Great Lakes, yankin da ke da ƙasa mai kyau, wanda ya ga birane da jihohi da yawa sun kasance, ana ciyar da yawan su da yawa
Hanyoyin kasuwanci
Duk da yake wasu matakan kasuwanci sun ci gaba, haɓakar birane da daular sun sanya shi mafi tsakiya ga tattalin arzikin Afirka. Arewacin Afirka ta kasance tsakiya ga cinikin dukan yankin Bahar Rum. A waje da Misira, wannan kasuwancin ya fi sarrafawa daga Phoenicians waɗanda suka zo su mamaye Arewacin Afirka, tare da Carthage ya zama birni mafi muhimmanci. Helenawa sun mallaki yawancin kasuwancin gabas, gami da Tekun Maliya tare da Habasha. A cikin wannan yankin yawancin biranen kasuwanci na Girka da aka kafa sun yi aiki a matsayin hanyar wayewa da ilmantarwa.
Birnin Iskandariya na Masar (kuma daga baya, Roman) (wanda Alexander the Great ya kafa a 334 BC), yana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin cinikin Bahar Rum na ƙarni da yawa. A cikin karni na 19 Misira ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin da suka fi bunkasa a duniya.
Nubia a Sudan ta yi ciniki tare da ƙasashen Afirka na ciki kamar Chadi da Libya, da kuma Masar, China, Indiya da yankin Larabawa.
Ga mafi yawan karni na 1 AD, Masarautar Axumite a Habasha da Eritrea tana da rundunar sojan ruwa mai ƙarfi da alaƙar kasuwanci har zuwa Daular Byzantine da Indiya. Tsakanin ƙarni na 14 da 17, Ajuran Sultanate wanda ke tsakiyar Somaliya ta zamani ya yi aikin injiniya na ruwa kuma ya haɓaka sabbin tsarin aikin gona da haraji, wanda aka ci gaba da amfani dashi a wasu sassan Horn of Africa har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19.
A gabar gabashin nahiyar 'yan kasuwa Swahili sun haɗa yankin cikin hanyar cinikayya ta Tekun Indiya, suna kawo shigo da tukwane na kasar Sin da masana'antun Indiya don musayar zinariya, hauren giwa, da bayi. Masarautun Swahili sun kirkiro daular kasuwanci mai wadata, inda suka mamaye yankin Kenya, Tanzania da Uganda na zamani. Biranen Swahili sune manyan tashoshin kasuwanci don kasuwanci tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Gabas mai nisa.
A cikin Afirka, cinikayya ta fi iyakancewa. Ƙananan yawan jama'a ya sa kasuwanci mai fa'ida ya zama da wahala. Babban shingen gandun daji na Kongo ya fi girma fiye da Sahara, yana hana cinikayya ta tsakiyar nahiyar.
Zuwan sojojin Islama ne ya canza tattalin arzikin yawancin Afirka. Kodayake Musulunci ba shi da tasiri sosai a Arewacin Afirka inda manyan birane, karatu da rubutu, da jihohin tsakiya suka kasance al'ada, Musulmai sun fi tasiri wajen shiga Sahara fiye da Kiristoci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda raƙumi, wanda ya ɗauki fadada Larabawa kuma nan da nan zai ɗauki kasuwanci mai yawa a fadin hamada.
Jerin jihohi sun bunkasa a Sahel a gefen kudancin Sahara wanda ya sami riba mai yawa daga kasuwanci a fadin Sahara. Na farko daga cikin wadannan shine Masarautar Ghana, ta kai kololuwa a karni na 12. Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu kamar Daular Mali da Kanem-Bornu, suma sun tashi a yankin. Babban kasuwancin waɗannan jihohin zinariya ne, wanda ya kasance mai yawa a Guinea. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci shine cinikin bayi na Sahara wanda ya tura adadi mai yawa na bayi zuwa Arewacin Afirka.
600-1600 AD
Da yawa daga cikin masu arziki sun girma a kusa da yankunan bakin teku ko manyan koguna waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na mahimman hanyoyin kasuwanci. Masarautun Mali da Daular Songhai sun girma tare da Kogin Neja tsakanin 1200 da 1590. 'Yan kasuwa Berber daga Sahel - yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara - sun sayar da kwanakin, jan ƙarfe, dawakai, makamai da zane da suka kawo daga arewacin Afirka a cikin jiragen kasa na Kamel. Ciniki tare da mutanen Berber, da sauran kungiyoyi, sun haifar da ci gaban daular Ghana, wanda ke cinikin zinariya, kwayoyi, da bayi. Mutanen Yammacin Afirka sun haifar da bukatar gishiri, wanda aka tattara a wuraren da ke cikin hamada, kuma wanda suka yi amfani da shi don adana abinci da kuma sabunta shi.
A cikin 1324, Mansa Musa, sarkin Mali, ya yi sanannen Hajj (hajji) zuwa Makka. Akwai babban rukuni da aka shirya don gudanar da Hajji tare da sarki. Ya haɗa da "mutane 60,000, ciki har da ma'aikata 1200" kuma rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa Mansa Musa ya ba da zinariya mai yawa a Misira, cewa tattalin arzikinta ya zama mai baƙin ciki.
Tsakanin 1000 da 1500, gandun daji na Yammacin Afirka sun zama wani ɓangare na hanyoyin kasuwanci, musamman a ƙarƙashin mulkin sarakunan Yoruba. Ifé wani muhimmin gari ne na kasuwanci, tare da hanyar daga gandun daji zuwa Djenné, babban cibiyar kasuwanci a Sudan, kusa da wasu manyan biranen kasuwanci kamar Timbuktu da Gao. Yanayin Ifé ya kuma sanya shi kusa da Benin da Tekun Atlantika. Ci gaban Yoruba ya sami goyon baya daga biranen da ke kewaye da gonar noma, amma ci gaban kasuwanci mai yawa ya sa ya wadata.
A shekara ta 1000, mutanen da ke magana da harshen Bantu na Zimbabwe da Kudancin Afirka sun haɓaka cinikayya ta ƙasashen waje tare da ƙasashe masu nisa kamar China da Indiya, daga inda suka karɓi porcelain, beads, da tukwane na Farisa da Larabawa. Sun sayar da naman sa na gida (maimakon nama daga dabbobi), baƙin ƙarfe, da hauren giwa da zinariya. Birnin Great Zimbabwe, wanda aka kafa a kusa da 1100, shine cibiyar mulkin Shona har zuwa kusa da 1400.
Yawancin kasuwanci a cikin masarautun gandun daji an yi su ne a matakin gida, yawanci ta talakawa Yoruba a kasuwannin gida. A wasu garuruwa ana gudanar da waɗannan kowane kwana 3 ko 4. An sayar da tufafi, kayan lambu, nama, da sauran kayayyaki, kuma an biya su don amfani da ƙananan kwarangwal da ake kira cowries waɗanda aka shigo da su daga Gabashin Afirka. An samar da sandunan jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe, waɗanda ake kira manilas, a cikin daidaitattun siffofi don amfani da su azaman kuɗi. Sauran abubuwa da aka yi amfani da su a kasuwanci a matsayin nau'in kuɗi sun haɗa da gishiri, zane, da sandunan zinariya.
Ciniki tare da Gabas ta Tsakiya ya fara tun farkon Masar ta dā. An gabatar da Islama a yankin Horn da wuri daga yankin Larabawa, jim kadan bayan hijra. Masjid al-Qiblatayn mai mihrab biyu na Zeila ya kasance daga karni na 7. Yaduwar Islama ta kawo 'yan kasuwa Larabawa har zuwa Maroko. Adal Sultanate a yankin Horn kuma ya ci gaba da alakar biyu da Daular Ottoman.
Tsarin ma'aikata don cinikayya mai nisa a fadin iyakokin siyasa da al'adu an daɗe ana ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar karɓar Islama a matsayin tushen al'adu da ɗabi'a don amincewa tsakanin da kuma tare da 'yan kasuwa.
A kan iyakar Swahili zuwa kudu maso gabas, Sultan na Malindi ya aika da jakadu zuwa fadar sarauta ta kasar Sin a Nanjing Yongle dauke da giraffe da sauran kyaututtuka masu ban sha'awa.
Tasirin Turai
Farkon mulkin mallaka na Turai
Masu mulkin mallaka na farko na Turai sun zauna a Arewacin Afirka a zamanin d ̄ a. Wadannan masu mulkin mallaka sun hada da Finikiyawa da Helenawa. Mazauna daga tsohuwar Athens da sauran sassan Girka sun kafa kansu a bakin tekun Bahar Rum na Arewacin Afirka. Daga baya masu mulkin mallaka na Daular Roma suka bi su. Mutanen da suka mallaka na Roma "sun yi aiki a matsayin samfurin" don yunkurin mulkin mallaka na Turai zuwa nahiyar.
Portugal ita ce daular Turai ta farko da ta shiga cikin Afirka ta Kudu don kafa yankuna. Yarima Henry the Navigator na Fotigal ya ci gaba da binciken Fotigal na Afirka, wanda sha'awace-sha'awace guda biyu suka motsa shi: yada Kiristanci, da kuma kafa Afirka a matsayin sansanin Kiristanci a kan Daular Ottoman, wanda ke sa yawancin Afirka suka tuba zuwa Islama. An yi amfani da Afirka don dalilai na kasuwanci saboda wani burin Portuguese: neman hanyar zuwa Indiya, wanda zai buɗe duk yankin Tekun Indiya don kai tsaye kasuwanci tare da Portugal. Cin nasarar yankin a Afirka kuma yana nufin cewa Portuguese na iya amfani da zinare na Afirka don tallafawa tafiye-tafiye ta wannan sabuwar hanyar kasuwanci.
Portuguese sun fara kasuwanci mai mahimmanci tare da Yammacin Afirka a karni na 15. Wannan cinikin ya kasance da farko don irin kayan da Larabawa suka saya - zinariya, hauren giwa, da bayi. Portuguese sun sayar da tufafin Indiyawan Afirka da kayan da aka ƙera a Turai amma sun ki sayar musu da bindigogi. Ba da daɗewa ba, duk da haka, wasu ƙasashen Turai kamar Faransa, Denmark, Netherlands da Burtaniya suna haɓaka kasuwancin su da Afirka, kuma suna da ƙuntatawa kaɗan. Manyan ikon mulkin mallaka na Turai a Afirka sune Portugal, Burtaniya, Faransa, kuma zuwa ƙarami Jamus, Belgium, Spain da Italiya. Kasancewar Portugal a Afirka a matsayin ikon mulkin mallaka ya kasance har zuwa shekarun 1970s, lokacin da na karshe daga cikin tsoffin yankunanta suka ayyana 'yancin kai bayan shekaru na yaki.
Cinikin bayi na Atlantic
A bayyane yake, cinikin bayi ya wadatar da bangarorin al'ummar Afirka da ke cinikin bayi. Koyaya, tarihin zamani na bautar ya sauya tsakanin sanduna biyu akan batun tasirin yawan jama'a da tattalin arziki a Afirka gaba ɗaya. Labaran tarihi na farko na cinikin bayi na Atlantic an rubuta su ne ga shahararrun masu sauraro ta hanyar abolitionists da tsoffin bayi kamar Olaudah Equiano waɗanda suka jaddada tasirinsa mai tsanani ga mutanen Afirka. Yayin da karni na 19 ya ci gaba, an kara amfani da asusun mummunar tasirin bautar don jayayya game da mulkin mallaka na Turai na nahiyar. Sabanin haka, akwai wadanda, kamar mai binciken Burtaniya da masanin ilimin ƙasa William Winwood Reade, wanda ya yi amfani da asusun 'yan kasuwa na bayi don jayayya cewa tasirin bautar yana da kyau.
A farkon karni na 20, ra'ayi game da bautar a matsayin mummunar tasiri a Afirka ya kasance tsakanin ƙwararrun masana tarihi a Turai da Amurka. A lokacin mulkin mallaka bayan yakin duniya na biyu, wani rukuni mai tasiri na malamai, karkashin jagorancin JD Fage, sun yi jayayya cewa mummunan tasirin bautar ya wuce gona da iri, kuma fitar da bayi ya ragu ta hanyar yawan jama'a. Walter Rodney, kwararre a kan Upper Guinea Coast, ya kalubalanci cewa bukatar Turai ga bayi ta kara muhimmancin tattalin arziki na cinikin bayi a Yammacin Afirka, tare da mummunan sakamako. Rodney, wanda ke aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai na Pan-Afirka, ya zargi Fage da farfado da rawar da Turawa ke takawa a Afirka; Fage ya amsa ta hanyar zargin Rodney da soyayya ta kasa.
Tattaunawar game da tasirin tattalin arziki na cinikin Atlantika ya kara karfafawa ta hanyar wallafa littafin Philip Curtin mai suna The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census (1969), wanda ya yi jayayya cewa an fitar da bayi miliyan 9.566 daga Afirka ta hanyar cinikin Atlantiki. A cikin shekarun 1970s, muhawara game da tasirin tattalin arziki na cinikin Atlantika ya karu da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na fitar da bayi dangane da yawan haihuwa na nahiyar. Yawancin malamai yanzu sun yi imanin cewa Curtin ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin lissafinsa, tare da mafi yawan kimantawa tsakanin miliyan 11.5 zuwa miliyan 15.4. Kwanan nan, John K. Thornton ya gabatar da wata gardama kusa da na Fage, yayin da Joseph Inikori, Patrick Manning da Nathan Nunn suka yi jayayya cewa cinikin bayi yana da tasiri mai raɗaɗi na dogon lokaci akan ci gaban tattalin arzikin Afirka.
Manning, alal misali, ya kai ga ƙarshe mai zuwa, bayan lissafin bambancin yanki a cikin fitar da bayi da kuma zaton yawan yawan jama'ar Afirka na shekara-shekara na 0.5.%: yawan mutanen Afirka ta Yamma zai kasance miliyan 100 maimakon ~ miliyan 50 a cikin 1850, idan ba don haɗakar tasirin kasuwancin bayi na waje da na ciki ba. Nunn, a cikin binciken tattalin arziki na baya-bayan nan na yankunan fitar da bayi a duk sassan Afirka, ya sami "dangantaka mara kyau tsakanin yawan bayi da aka karɓa daga ƙasa da ci gaban tattalin arziki na gaba". Nunn ya yi jayayya, kuma, cewa wannan ba za a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar talauci ba kafin cinikin bayi, saboda yawancin jama'a da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki na Afirka sun koma baya a baya, wuraren fitar da bayi ba a lokacin Atlantic, trans-Saharan, Red Sea da Indian Ocean.
Zamanin mulkin mallaka
1884-1945
Taron Berlin (Jamusanci: Kongokonferenz ko "Taron Kongo") na 1884-85 ya tsara mulkin mallaka na Turai da kasuwanci a Afirka a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma ya dace da fitowar Jamus kwatsam a matsayin ikon mulkin mallaka. An kira shi da Portugal kuma Otto von Bismarck, shugaban farko na Jamus, ya shirya shi, sakamakon sa, Babban Dokar Taron Berlin, ana iya ganin shi a matsayin ƙaddamar da Scramble for Africa. Taron ya gabatar da wani lokaci na karuwar ayyukan mulkin mallaka ta ikon Turai, yayin da a lokaci guda ya kawar da mafi yawan nau'ikan da ke akwai na cin gashin kai da cin gashin kansa na Afirka. A wannan lokacin mulkin mallaka, an sake tsara tattalin arzikin Afirka don yin hidima ga Turai da Turai, kuma sarkar masana'antu ta Turai ta fara a Afirka kuma ta ƙare a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar masana'antu na Turai.
Dukkanin Afirka za su fada ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Turai a shekara ta 1914, ban da Habasha da Laberiya. Rarraba yankin Afirka tsakanin gwamnatocin Turai sau da yawa ya keta iyakokin da 'yan Afirka na yankin suka amince da su. Wasu daga cikin jihohin Afirka masu zaman kansu da rabuwa da nahiyar ta shafa sun hada da:
Tattalin Arziki
Ga wasu masu mulkin mallaka, kamar su Burtaniya, kyakkyawan mulkin mallaka ya dogara ne akan tattalin arziki mai budewa, yana aiki sosai a cinikin duniya ta hanyar fitar da albarkatun kasa da shigo da kayayyaki da aka gama. Birtaniya sun yi amfani da manufofin gudanarwa mai sauƙi, suna tilasta ƙananan ka'idoji a kan yankunansu, musamman a cikin batutuwan da ba na tattalin arziki ba. Muddin an cimma burin Burtaniya, an ba 'yan asalin' yanci mafi girma. Babban misali ga wannan shine tsarin ilimin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Ya dogara da albarkatun gida da harsuna a ilimi, yawancin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje suna gudanar da su ta hanyar 'yan Afirka. Wannan ya haifar da matakan lissafi mafi girma a yankunan da ilimin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ya rinjayi, kuma ta haka ne karuwar babban birnin ɗan adam. Sauran masu mulkin mallaka, kamar Faransanci, sun ɗauki tsarin aiki sosai ga shugabanci, suna ƙarfafawa ko ma suna buƙatar talakawan su su kara daidaitawa da al'adun Faransanci.
A yau, tattalin arzikin Afirka da yawa ya shafi gadon mulkin mallaka. A cikin aikin gona, tsarin shuka da suka gabatar ba za a iya jurewa ba kuma ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar muhalli. Misali, auduga yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa a duk inda aka girma, kuma yankunan Yammacin Afirka waɗanda ke cike da gonakin auduga yanzu ba su iya canzawa zuwa amfanin gona mai fa'ida ba ko ma samar da abinci saboda lalacewar ƙasa. Kwanan nan, wasu ƙasashe sun fara shirye-shirye don canzawa zuwa al'adun gargajiya, nau'ikan noma masu ɗorewa kamar sauya noma da bishiyoyi don haɓaka isasshen abinci don tallafawa yawan jama'a yayin kiyaye amfanin ƙasa wanda ke ba da damar aikin gona ya ci gaba a cikin tsararraki masu zuwa. (Gyasi)
'Yancin kai da Yakin Cold
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, halin Turai game da Afirka ya fara canzawa. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu da farkon yakin sanyi, ikon 'Yamma' sun ƙi ra'ayin yin amfani da cin nasara kai tsaye don haɗa yankin. A lokaci guda, tashin hankali game da mulkin mallaka ya ci gaba a Afirka. Tsakanin 1945 da 1948 akwai jerin yajin aiki da zanga-zangar, a Senegal, Tanzania, a kan tsarin jirgin kasa na Yammacin Afirka na Faransa, da kuma tare da Gold Coast na Yamma.
Kasashen Afirka a hankali sun sami 'yancin kansu (tare da iyakokin zamanin mulkin mallaka), a mafi yawan lokuta ba tare da rikice-rikicen tashin hankali ba (ban da Kamaru, Madagascar da Kenya). Yayin da Yakin Cold ya ci gaba, gwamnatocin Afirka na iya dogaro da goyon baya daga ko dai gwamnatocin Yamma ko masu kula da Kwaminisanci, dangane da akidar su.
Shekaru na farko na 'yancin kai sun tafi da kyau ga yawancin ƙasashen Afirka. Wannan ƙarfin tattalin arziki ya lalace a mafi yawan shekarun da suka gabata. An yi muhawara da yawa don gano dalilai don bayyana faduwar tattalin arzikin kasashe da yawa na Afirka. Halin zuwa ga mulkin jam'iyya daya, haramta adawar siyasa, ya haifar da ci gaba da mulkin kama karya a cikin shekaru da yawa, ci gaba da manufofi da suka gaza. Kudin rance daga gwamnatocin kasashen waje ya zama nauyin rauni ga wasu ƙasashe waɗanda ke da wahalar biyan riba a kan rance. Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ciniki da Ci gaba (UNCTAD) ya kiyasta cewa tsakanin 1970 da 2002 "Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ta karɓi dala biliyan 294 a cikin rance, ta biya dala biliyan 268 a cikin sabis na bashi, kuma duk da haka har yanzu tana da bashin dala biliyan 300".
A lokuta daban-daban a ƙarshen karni na 20, gwamnatocin Afirka sun yi bashin da ke biyowa (yawan suna cikin biliyoyin daloli na Amurka):
Najeriya (33)
Afirka ta Kudu (22)
Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (13)
Sudan (9)
Habasha (8)
A cikin shekarun 1980s, rikice-rikicen siyasa ya ɓarke cikin yakin basasa a wasu ƙasashe, kuma rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa ya sa wasu tattalin arziki ya kasance cikin damuwa na shekaru da yawa. Wasu gwamnatocin Afirka sun fuskanci matsaloli masu amfani wajen aiwatar da canjin masana'antu yayin da suke ƙoƙarin inganta tattalin arzikin su cikin sauri; matsalolin tsada da rashin kulawa a aikin gona, masana'antu, da sauran bangarori sun haifar da gazawar ayyukan da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon shi ne ƙasashen Afirka da ke ƙara dogaro da shigo da abinci na ƙasashen waje.
Talauci
Babban tambaya a cikin tarihin tattalin arzikin Afirka shine mayar da hankali kan bayani game da talauci na nahiyar. Masana tattalin arziki a yau suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don bayyana wannan abin da ya faru yawanci ko na waje ko na ciki.
Hanyar waje
Hanyoyin waje yawanci suna mai da hankali kan tsarin ma'aikata a cikin tattalin arziki. Suna ƙoƙari su bayyana ci gaban tattalin arzikin Afirka a matsayin batun yanke shawara na hukumomin Turai na baya. Gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka na Turai ba su da wani dalili don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin da ke inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki a yankunan Afirka, amma a maimakon haka fitar da tattalin arziki na albarkatun da aka ba su. Har ma a yau, cibiyoyin Afirka har yanzu sun dogara da waɗannan yanke shawara na farko. Misali, a Afirka, ba a kafa ko aiwatar da haƙƙin mallaka ta hanyar inganta ayyukan tattalin arziki ba.
Hanyar ciki
A nan dole ne a rarrabe hanyoyi biyu daban-daban: Wadannan galibi suna fitowa ne daga tsarin al'umma, suna da haɗin kai fiye da mutum ɗaya tare da kabilun ko iyalai suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a Afirka. Don haka rarraba haƙƙin mallaka cikas ne ga ci gaban tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, akwai ƙananan abubuwan da za su sauya wannan tsari zuwa yanayin da ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki. Ga masu mulki sau da yawa zaɓi ne mai ma'ana don manne wa wannan tsarin haƙƙin mallaka, don haka samun damar cirewa daga mulkin su fiye da inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Hanyar ciki ta biyu tana mai da hankali kai tsaye kan kayan aiki a cikin takamaiman yankuna. Rashin aiki har zuwa karni na 20 tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa ya haifar da hanyar noma mai yawa, wanda ya dogara da ƙasa mai yawa maimakon amfani da ma'aikata a ƙasar. Haɗe tare da mugayen cibiyoyin daga zamanin mulkin mallaka ko mulkin mallaka wannan tsarin tattalin arziki yana hana amfani da fasaha sosai kuma ta haka ne ragewa ko ma hana ci gaban tattalin arziki.
Zamani
Masu arziki a Afirka a ƙarshen karni na 20 sun kasance suna da ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke aiki a matsayin "masu tsaron gida", suna riƙe da mukamai tare da iko don amincewa da taimakon kasashen waje, taimakon jin kai, da saka hannun jari mai zaman kansa (yawanci na kasashen waje). Cin hanci da rashawa sun zama masu ƙarfi a wasu ƙasashe. Bala'in muhalli da siyasa sun haɗu a cikin yunwa da yawa a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980 a Habasha, Mali, Mauritania da Mozambique. Tasirin fari da hamada na babban bangare na nahiyar ya kai ga jama'a a farkon karni na 21.
Ayyukan jirgin ƙasa suna da mahimmanci a cikin gundumomin hakar ma'adinai daga ƙarshen karni na 19. Babban aikin jirgin kasa da na hanya suna nuna ƙarshen karni na 19. An jaddada hanyoyin dogo a zamanin mulkin mallaka, da hanyoyi a lokutan 'bayan mulkin mallaka'. Jedwab & Storeygard sun gano cewa a cikin 1960-2015 akwai alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin saka hannun jari na sufuri da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Siyasa mai tasiri sun haɗa da tsakiya kafin mulkin mallaka, rarrabuwar kabilanci, sulhu na Turai, dogaro da albarkatun halitta, da dimokuradiyya.
Tattalin arzikin Afirka ya fara tashi ne kawai a farkon shekarun 2000 yayin da yanayin siyasa ya inganta, gwamnatocin ƙasa sun fara murkushe cin hanci da rashawa da tallafawa, an fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ci gaban tattalin arziki da nufin inganta yanayin rayuwa, kuma miliyoyin 'yan Afirka sun ci gaba da taruwa zuwa biranen neman ayyuka da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa.
Janar:
Tarihin Afirka
Tarihin Afirka
Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su
Ƙarin karantawa
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Austin, G. "The ‘Reversal Of Fortune’ Thesis and the Compression of History: Perspectives from African and Comparative Economic History. Journal of International Development 2008. 20(8), 996–1027.
Austin, G. African Economic History in Africa." Economic History of Developing Regions 2015. 30(1), 79–94.
Curtin, Philip. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
Daniels, Rudolph. "The Nature of the Agrarian Land Question in the Republic of South Africa." The American Journal of Economics, July 2006, pp. 1–16
Fage, J.D. A History of Africa (Routledge, 4th edition, 2001 ) (Hutchinson, 1978, ) (Knopf 1st American edition, 1978, )
Frankema, E. & M. Waijenburg. "Structural Impediments to African Growth? New Evidence from Real Wages in British Africa, 1880–1965" Journal of Economic History 2012 72#4, 895–926.
Hochschild, Adam (1998). King Leopold's Ghost. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 0-330-49233-0. on Belgian Congo
Hopkins, A. G. "Fifty years of African economic history" Economic History of Developing Regions (2019) 34:1, 1-15, DOI: 10.1080/20780389.2019.1575589
Hopkins, A. G. An Economic History of West Africa (Longman, 1990).
Inikori, Joseph E. (ed.) Forced Migration: The Impact of the Export Slave Trade on African Societies (London and New York, 1982)
Inikori, Joseph E.The Chaining of a Continent: Export Demand for Captives and the History of Africa South of the Sahara, 1450–1870 Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1992.
Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley (Eds.) The Atlantic Slave Trade Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992
Lovejoy, Paul. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press, 1983
Manning, Patrick. Slavery and African Life: Occidential, Oriental and African Slave Trades. London: Cambridge University Press, 1990
Nduru, Noyiga. "Walking the Tightrope of Land Reform." Inter Press Service News Agency, September 30, 2006
Nunn, Nathan. "The Long Term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 2008, pp. 139–76
Rimmer, D. The Economies of West Africa (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984).
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Thornton, John K. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998
Tattalin Arziki
Afrika
Tarihin Afrika
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
42635 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajeb%20Aga | Rajeb Aga | Rajeb Gul Aga (an haife shi 10 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1984) , ɗan wasan kurket ne ɗan ƙasar Kenya, wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na Kenya a cikin ODI da T20Is da kuma na Sussex a cikin cricket na cikin gida na Ingilishi. Ya zama kyaftin na uku a Kenya a cikin watanni biyu a watan Nuwambar 2004 lokacin da ya zama kyaftin din kungiyar a gasar cin kofin Intercontinental a madadin Hitesh Modi . shima yana da alaka da jarumar fim Salma agha
Aikin gunduma
A cikin shekarar 2008, bayan da ya sami fasfo na Burtaniya, Aga ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda don buga wasan kurket na gundumar Sussex, bayan ya buga wasan kurket na List A ga gundumar a lokacin kakar shekarar 2007. Amma, da mamaki, an tuno shi zuwa bangaren Kenya a shekarar 2008. Aga ya ci gaba da wasu yanayi biyu a Sussex, a ƙarshe gundumar ta sake shi a ƙarshen kakar shekarar 2010.
Rubuce-rubuce
Aga shine dan wasa na farko da ya ci T20I rabin karni lokacin da yake yin wasa a lamba 8 (ko kasa), lokacin da ya zira kwallaye 52 ba tare da Scotland ba a ranar 13 ga Nuwambar 2013. Wannan shine mafi girman maki a wannan matsayi har sai da Simi Singh ya wuce shi a cikin 2018.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Ragheb Aga at ESPNcricinfo
Ragheb Aga at CricketArchive (subscription required)
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1984 |
40493 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur%C9%93acewa | Gurɓacewa | Gurbacewa ita ce shigar da gurbataccen abu a cikin yanayin yanayi wanda ke haifar da mummunan canji. Gurbacewa na iya daukar nau'in kowane abu (solid, ruwa, ko gas) ko makamashi (kamar rediyo, zafi, sauti, ko haske). Masu gurbatawa, abubuwan da ke tattare da gurbatawa, na iya zama ko dai abubuwa/makamashi na waje ko gurbataccen yanayi. Ko da yake ana iya haifar da gurbacewar muhalli ta abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, kalmar gurbatawa gabadaya tana nuna cewa gurbataccen abu yana da tushen dan adam-wato tushen da ayyukan dan Adam suka kirkira. Ana lasafta gurbataccen abu a matsayin tushen wuri ko gurbataccen tushe. A shekara ta 2015, gurbataccen yanayi ya kashe mutane miliyan 9 a duniya.
Nau'ikan gurbataccen yanayi sun hada da gurbataccen iska, gurbataccen haske, datti, gurbataccen hayaniya, gurbataccen filastik, gurbataccen kasa, gurbataccen radiyo, gurbataccen yanayi, gurbacewar gani, da gurbacewar ruwa.
Siffofin gurbatar yanayi
An jera manyan nau'ikan gurbatawa a kasa tare da takamaiman gurbatattun abubuwan da suka dace da kowannensu:
Gurbacewar iska: sakin sinadarai da barbashi cikin yanayi. Abubuwan gurbataccen iskar gas na yau da kullun sun hada da carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) da nitrogen oxides wadanda masana'antu da motocin ke samarwa. Photochemical ozone da smog an halicce su yayin da nitrogen oxides da hydrocarbons ke amsawa ga hasken rana. Kakkarfan kwayoyin halitta, ko kura mai laushi yana da alamar girman su na micrometer PM 10 zuwa PM 2.5.
Electromagnetic pollution : da yawa daga electromagnetic radiation a cikin wadanda ba ionizing siffar, kamar rediyo waves, da dai sauransu, cewa mutane kullum fallasa su, musamman a manyan birane. Har yanzu ba a san ko wadancan nau'ikan radiation suna da wani tasiri ga lafiyar dan adam ba ko a'a.
Lalacewar haske: ya hada da keta haske, yawan haske da tsangwama a sararin samaniya.
Littering: mai laifi jefa abubuwan da ba su dace da mutum ba, ba a cire su ba, kan kadarorin jama'a da na sirri.
Gurbacewar amo: wanda ya kunshi hayaniyar hanya, hayaniyar jirgin sama, hayaniyar masana'antu gami da karar sonar.
Gurbacewar filastik: ya hada da tarin samfuran filastik da microplastics a cikin mahallin da ke cutar da namun daji, mazaunin namun daji, ko mutane.
Gurbataccen kasa yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka fitar da sinadarai ta hanyar zubewa ko zubar da ƙasa. Daga cikin mafi mahimmancin gurbataccen kasa akwai hydrocarbons, ƙarfe masu nauyi, MTBE, herbicides, magungunan kashe qwari da chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Gurbataccen rediyo, wanda ya samo asali daga ayyukan karni na 20 a cikin ilimin kimiyyar atomatik, kamar samar da makamashin nukiliya da binciken makaman nukiliya, kira da turawa. (Dubi alpha emitters da actinides a cikin muhalli.)
Gurbacewar yanayi, shine canjin zafin jiki a jikin ruwa na halitta wanda tasirin ɗan adam ke haifarwa, kamar amfani da ruwa azaman sanyaya a cikin tashar wutar lantarki.
Gurbacewar gani, wanda zai iya nuni ga kasancewar layukan wutar lantarki na sama, allunan talla na babbar hanya, tarkacen filayen kasa (kamar daga ma'adinan tsiri ), budadden ajiyar shara, kakkarfan sharar gida ko tarkacen sararin samaniya.
Gurbacewar ruwa, ta hanyar fitar da ruwan sha na masana'antu daga sharar kasuwanci da masana'antu (da gangan ko ta zube) cikin ruwan saman; fitar da najasa da ba a kula da su ba, da gurbatattun sinadarai, irin su chlorine, daga najasar da aka yi da ita; sakin sharar gida da gurɓataccen abu a cikin ruwan sama da ke kwarara zuwa saman ruwa (ciki har da ɓarkewar birane da na noma, wadanda za su iya gunshi takin sinadari da magungunan kashe qwari; gami da najasar dan adam daga bayan gida a bude - har yanzu babbar matsala ce a yawancin kasashe masu tasowa); gurbatar ruwan karkashin kasa daga zubar da sharar gida da zubewa cikin kasa, ciki har da daga latrine na rami da tankunan ruwa; eutrophication da sharar gida.
Masu gurbatawa
Gurbataccen abu ne da ke lalata iska, ruwa, ko kasa. Abubuwa uku ne ke tabbatar da tsananin gurbataccen abu: yanayin sinadaransa, yawan tattarawa, wurin da abin ya shafa da kuma dagewa.
Sources da Sanadin
Gurbacewar iska ta fito daga tushe na halitta da na dan adam (anthropogenic). Koyaya, gurbataccen gurbataccen yanayi a duniya daga konewa, gine-gine, hakar ma'adinai, noma da yaki suna kara yin tasiri a cikin ma'aunin gurbataccen iska.
Fitar da ababen hawa na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haddasa gurbatar iska. China, Amurka, Rasha, Indiya Mexico, da Japan sune jagororin duniya wajen fitar da hayaki mai gurbata iska. Babban tushen gurɓataccen gurbataccen abu sun hada da tsire-tsire masu guba, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta kwal, matatun mai, tsire-tsire na petrochemical, aikin zubar da sharar nukiliya, incinerators, manyan gonakin dabbobi (sanan kiwo, aladu, kiwon kaji, da sauransu.), masana'antun PVC, masana'antar samar da karafa, masana'antar filastik, da sauran masana'antu masu nauyi. Gurbacewar iska ta noma ta fito ne daga al'adun zamani wadanda suka hada da saran sarewa da kona ciyayi da kuma fesa magungunan kashe qwari da maganin ciyawa
Kimanin metric ton miliyan 400 na sharar gida masu hadari ana samarwa kowace shekara. Amurka kadai tana samar da kusan tan miliyan 250. Amirkawa sun kunshikasa da kashi 5% na yawan mutanen duniya, amma suna samar da kusan kashi 25% na CO na duniya, kuma suna samar da kusan kashi 30% na sharar duniya. A cikin 2007, China ta mamaye Amurka a matsayin babbar mai samar da CO, yayin da har yanzu ta yi nisa a baya bisa la'akari da gurbatar muhalli (wanda ke matsayi na 78 a cikin al'ummomin duniya).
Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan gurbataccen kasa sune chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), karfe masu nauyi (kamar chromium, cadmium-samuwa a cikin batura masu caji, da gubar-ana samun su a cikin fenti na gubar, man jirgin sama da har yanzu a wasu kasashe, man fetur), MTBE, zinc, arsenic da benzene. A shekara ta 2001 jerin rahotannin manema labaru da suka kare a cikin wani littafi mai suna Fateful Harvest sun bayyana wata al'ada da ta yadu ta hanyar sake sarrafa kayayyakin masana'antu zuwa taki, wanda ya haifar da gurbata kasa da karafa daban-daban. Wuraren shara na yau da kullun na birni sune tushen yawancin abubuwan sinadarai da ke shiga cikin kasa (kuma galibi ruwan kasa), wadanda ke fitowa daga nau'ikan kima iri-iri, musamman abubuwan da aka jefar da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a can, ko kuma daga wuraren da ake zubar da kasa kafin 1970 wadanda watakila ba su da iko sosai a ciki. Amurka ko EU. Hakanan an sami wasu abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba na dibenzodioxins na polychlorinated, wadanda aka fi sani da dioxins don sauki, kamar TCDD.
Gurbacewar yanayi kuma na iya zama sakamakon bala'i. Misali, guguwa sau da yawa kan hada da gurbacewar ruwa daga najasa, da zubewar sinadarin petrochemical daga fashewar jiragen ruwa ko motoci. Babban ma'auni da lalacewar muhalli ba bakon abu ba ne lokacin da ake hada ma'aikatan man fetur ko matatun mai a bakin teku. Wasu hanyoyin gurbatawa, kamar tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ko tankunan mai, na iya haifar da yaɗuwa da yuwuwar sakin hadari lokacin da hatsari suka faru.
A cikin yanayin gurbatar amo babban tushen ajin shine abin hawa, wanda ke samar da kusan kashi casa'in na duk hayaniya maras so a duniya.
Fitar da iskar gas
Carbon dioxide, yayin da yake da muhimmanci ga photosynthesis, wani lokaci ana kiransa gurbatacce, saboda yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayi yana shafar yanayin duniya. Rushewar muhalli kuma na iya nuna alaqar da ke tsakanin wuraren gurbacewar muhalli waɗanda galibi za a kebe su daban, kamar na ruwa da iska. Nazarin kwanan nan sun bincika yuwuwar hadakar matakan hadakar carbon dioxide na yanayi na dogon lokaci don haifar da dandano kadan amma hadaka mai mahimmanci a cikin acidity na ruwan teku, da yuwuwar tasirin wannan akan yanayin yanayin ruwa.
A cikin watan Fabrairun 2007, wani rahoto da Hukumar Kula da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ta yi, wanda ke wakiltar aikin masana kimiyya, masana tattalin arziki, da masu tsara manufofi 2,500 daga kasashe fiye da 120, ya tabbatar da cewa mutane ne suka zama sanadin dumamar yanayi tun shekara ta 1950. Wani babban rahoton yanayi ya kammala, mutane suna da hanyoyin da za su rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da kuma guje wa illar dumamar yanayi. Amma don sauya yanayin, sauyin yanayi daga albarkatun mai kamar kwal da mai na bukatar faruwa cikin shekaru da dama, bisa ga rahoton karshe na wannan shekara daga kwamitin sulhu na MDD kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC).
Tasiri
Lafiyar dan Adam
Rashin ingancin iska na iya kashe kwayoyin halitta da yawa, gami da mutane. Gurbacewar Ozone na iya haifar da cututtukan numfashi, cututtukan zuciya, kumburin makogwaro, ciwon kirji, da cunkoso . Gurbacewar ruwa na janyo mutuwar mutane kusan 14,000 a kowace rana, akasari saboda gurbatar ruwan sha ta hanyar najasa da ba a kula da su ba a kasashe masu tasowa. Kimanin Indiyawa miliyan 500 ba su da damar shiga bandaki mai kyau, Sama da mutane miliyan goma a Indiya sun kamu da rashin lafiya ta ruwa a cikin 2013, kuma mutane 1,535 suka mutu, yawancinsu yara. Kusan Sinawa miliyan 500 ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan sha. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2010 ya nuna cewa mutane miliyan 1.2 ne ke mutuwa da wuri kowace shekara a kasar Sin saboda gurbacewar iska. Yawan hayakin da kasar Sin ta dade tana fuskanta na iya yin illa ga jikin fararen hula tare da haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. Hukumar ta WHO ta yi kiyasin a shekara ta 2007 cewa gurbacewar iska na janyo mutuwar rabin miliyan a kowace shekara a Indiya. Bincike ya yi kiyasin cewa adadin mutanen da ake kashewa kowace shekara a Amurka zai iya wuce 50,000.
Zubewar mai na iya haifar da haushin fata da rashes. Gurbacewar amo yana haifar da asarar ji, hawan jini, damuwa, da tashin hankali barci. An danganta Mercury da raunin ci gaba a cikin yara da alamun cututtukan neurologic. Tsofaffi sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka da gurbacewar iska ke haifarwa. Wadanda ke da cututtukan zuciya ko huhu suna cikin karin hadari. Yara da jarirai kuma suna cikin hadari mai tsanani. An nuna gubar da sauran karafa masu nauyi na haifar da matsalolin jijiyoyin jiki. Abubuwan sinadarai da rediyoaktif na iya haifar da ciwon daji da kuma lahani na haihuwa.
Wani bincike da hukumar Lancet ta gudanar a watan Oktobar 2017 da hukumar kula da gurbatar yanayi da lafiya ta gudanar ya gano cewa gurbacewar yanayi a duniya, musamman iska mai guba, ruwa, kasa da wuraren aiki, na kashe mutane miliyan tara a duk shekara, wanda ya ninka adadin mace-macen da cutar AIDS, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro ke haddasawa a hade, da kuma Sau 15 ya fi yawan mace-macen da yaƙe-yaƙe ke haifarwa da sauran nau'ikan tashin hankalin dan adam. Binciken ya kammala da cewa "gurbata yanayi na daya daga cikin manyan kalubalen da ake fuskanta a zamanin Anthropocene. Gurbacewar yanayi na barazana ga zaman lafiyar tsarin tallafi na duniya kuma yana barazana ga ci gaba da rayuwar al'ummomin bil'adama."
Muhalli
An gano gurbataccen abu a cikin muhalli. Akwai illoli da dama na wannan:
Biomagnification yana kwatanta yanayi inda gubobi (kamar karfe mai nauyi ) na iya wucewa ta matakan trophic, ya zama mai da hankali sosai a cikin tsari.
Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide yana haifar da acidification na teku, raguwar ci gaba a cikin pH na tekunan Duniya yayin da CO ke narkewa.
Fitar da iskar iskar gas na haifar da dumamar yanayi wanda ke shafar yanayin halittu ta hanyoyi da dama.
Nau'in cin zarafi na iya ketare nau'ikan 'yan kasa da rage bambancin halittu. Tsire-tsire masu cin zarafi na iya ba da gudummawar tarkace da kwayoyin halittu ( allelopathy ) wadanda za su iya canza ƙasa da abubuwan hadin sinadarai na yanayi, galibi suna rage gasa ga nau'in 'yan asalin.
Ana cire sinadarin Nitrogen oxides daga iska ta ruwan sama da kuma takin ƙasa wanda zai iya canza nau'in halittun halittu.
Smog da hazo na iya rage yawan hasken rana da tsire-tsire ke karɓa don aiwatar da photosynthesis kuma yana haifar da samar da ozone mai zafi mai zafi wanda ke lalata tsire-tsire.
Kasa na iya zama marar haihuwa kuma ba ta dace da tsire-tsire ba. Wannan zai shafi sauran kwayoyin halitta a cikin gidan yanar gizon abinci.
Sulfur dioxide da nitrogen oxides na iya haifar da ruwan sama na acid wanda ke rage darajar pH na ƙasa.
Gurbacewar yanayi na magudanan ruwa na iya rage matakan iskar oxygen da rage bambancin nau'in.
Wani bincike na 2022 da aka buga a Kimiyyar Muhalli & Fasaha ya gano cewa matakan gurɓatar sinadarai na ɗan adam sun wuce iyakokin duniya kuma yanzu suna yin barazana ga duk yanayin halittu a duniya.
Bayanan lafiyar muhalli
Shirin Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Programme (TEHIP) a Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Amurka (NLM) tana kula da cikakkiyar ilimin guba da gidan yanar gizon lafiyar muhalli wanda ya haɗa da samun damar samun albarkatun da TEHIP ke samarwa da kuma wasu hukumomi da kungiyoyi na gwamnati. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya kunshi hanyoyin hadin yanar gizo zuwa bayanan bayanai, litattafai, koyawa, da sauran albarkatun kimiyya da mabukaci. TEHIP kuma ita ce ke da alhakin Cibiyar Bayanan Toxicology (TOXNET) tsarin hadin gwiwar toxicology da bayanan lafiyar muhalli wadanda ke samuwa kyauta akan gidan yanar gizon.
TOXMAP shine Tsarin Bayanan Kasa (GIS) wanda ke cikin TOXNET. TOXMAP yana amfani da taswirori na Amurka don taimakawa masu amfani su gano bayanai na gani daga Hukumar Kariyar Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) Abubuwan Sakin Guba da Shirye-shiryen Bincike na Musamman na Superfund.
Laifi
Wani bincike na 2021 ya gano cewa fallasa gurɓata yanayi yana haifar da haɓakar laifukan tashin hankali.
Sakamakon makaranta
Wata takarda ta 2019 ta danganta gurbacewar yanayi da sakamako mara kyau ga yara.
Yawan aiki na ma'aikata
Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa gurbatar yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri akan yawan aiki na ma'aikata na cikin gida da waje.
Ka'ida da saka idanu
Domin kare muhalli daga illar gurbacewar yanayi, kasashe da dama a duniya sun kafa doka don daidaita nau'o'in gurbatar yanayi tare da rage illar gurbatar yanayi.
Kula da gurbataccen yanayi
Kula da gurbata yanayi kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sarrafa muhalli. Yana nufin sarrafa fitar da hayaki da magudanar ruwa a cikin iska, ruwa ko kasa. Idan ba tare da kula da gurbata yanayi ba, abubuwan sharar gida daga cunkoson jama'a, dumama, noma, ma'adinai, masana'antu, sufuri da sauran ayyukan dan adam, ko sun taru ko kuma sun watse, za su lalata muhalli. A cikin tsarin sarrafawa, rigakafin gurbatawa da rage sharar gida sun fi sha'awa fiye da sarrafa gurɓatawa. A fannin raya kasa, samar da karamin tasiri, irin wannan dabara ce ta rigakafin kwararar ruwa a birane.
Ayyuka
Sake yin amfani da su
Sake amfani da shi
Rage sharar gida
Ragewa
Rigakafin gurbatawa
Takin
Na'urorin sarrafa gurbatar yanayi
Kula da gurbataccen iska
Thermal oxidizer
Tsarin tarin kura
Baghouses
Cyclones
Electrostatic precipitators
Masu gogewa
Baffle goge goge
Cyclonic sprayer
Ejector venturi scrubber
Taimakon injin goge goge
Hasumiyar fesa
Mai goge goge
Maganin najasa
Sedimentation (maganin farko)
Ayyukan sludge biotreaters (jiyya na biyu; kuma ana amfani da shi don ruwan sharar masana'antu)
Ruwan iska
Gina dausayi (kuma ana amfani dashi don zubar da ruwa a birane)
Maganin sharar gida na masana'antu
API mai raba ruwa-ruwa
Biofilters
Narkar da iska (DAF)
Maganin carbon da aka kunna foda
Ultrafiltration
Tsarin dawo da tururi
Phytoremediation
Kudin gurbatar yanayi
Gurbacewa yana da tsada. Ayyukan masana'antu da ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska yana ɗaukar nauyin lafiya da tsaftacewa ga dukkanin al'umma. Ayyukan masana'antu wanda ke haifar da gurbataccen iska shine misali na mummunan waje a cikin samarwa. Wani mummunan waje a cikin samarwa yana faruwa "lokacin da samar da kamfani ya rage jin dadin wasu waɗanda kamfanin bai biya su ba." Misali, idan kamfanin wanki yana kusa da kamfanin kera karafa masu gurbata muhalli, za a kara farashin kamfanin wanki saboda datti da hayakin da kamfanin kera karafa ke samarwa. Idan farashin waje ya wanzu, kamar waɗanda kazanta suka kirkira, masana'anta za su zabi samar da karin samfuran fiye da yadda za a kera idan ana buƙatar masana'anta su biya duk farashin muhalli da ke da alaqa. Domin alhaki ko sakamakon aikin kai-kai ya ta'allaka wani bangare a wajen kai, wani bangare na waje yana shiga. Idan akwai fa'idodin waje, kamar a cikin amincin jama'a, ƙasan mai kyau na iya samarwa fiye da yadda lamarin zai kasance idan mai samarwa ya karɓi biyan kuɗi don fa'idodin waje ga wasu. Koyaya, kayayyaki da sabis waɗanda ke haɗa abubuwan waje mara kyau a cikin samarwa, kamar waɗanda ke samar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, galibi ana yin su da yawa kuma ba su da tsada tunda ba a saka farashin waje a kasuwa.
Gurbacewar yanayi na iya haifar da farashi ga kamfanonin da ke samar da gurbatar yanayi. Wani lokaci kamfanoni suna zaɓar, ko kuma an tilasta musu su ta hanyar ƙa'ida, don rage yawan gurɓacewar da suke samarwa. Haɗin kuɗin yin wannan ana kiran kuɗaɗen ragewa, ko ƙimar ragewa ta gefe idan an auna ta kowane ƙarin raka'a. A shekara ta 2005 yawan kashe-kashen kashe-kashe na gurɓacewar muhalli da kuma farashin aiki a Amurka ya kai kusan dala biliyan 27.
Al'umma da al'adu
Yawancin masana'antu masu gurbata muhalli
The Pure Earth, wata kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta da ta sadaukar da kai don kawar da gurbacewar rayuwa a kasashe masu tasowa, ta fitar da jerin sunayen wasu masana'antu mafi gurbata muhalli a duniya. A ƙasa akwai jerin abubuwan 2016:
Manazarta
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
39434 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caz%20Walton | Caz Walton | Caz Walton OBE (an haife ta Carol Bryant; 1 Fabrairu 1947) ita 'yar Burtaniya ce mai ritayar keken guragu kuma tsohuwar manajan ƙungiyar Wasannin nakasassu ta Burtaniya. Ta kasance 'yar wasan zinare da yawa da ta samu lambar yabo wacce ta fafata a wasannin nakasassu da dama. Tsakanin 1964 zuwa 1976 ta lashe lambobin yabo a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, ninkaya, wasan teburi, da wasan wasa. Ta yi hutu daga wasannin nakasassu, inda ta shiga wasan kwallon kwando da wasannin wasan shinge a shekarar 1988. Gabaɗaya Walton ta lashe lambobin zinare goma a lokacin wasanta na Paralympic, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Burtaniya da suka yi nasara a kowane lokaci. Walton kuma ya kamata a ba ta zinare a gasar Pentathlon ta Mata ta Tel Aviv a shekarar 1968 bai cika ba amma, saboda kuskuren kididdigar maki da ta samu wanda ba a lura da shi ba a lokacin, an ba ta matsayi na uku da lambar tagulla.
Aikin wasanni
Walton ta ji daɗin dogon aikin gasa, ta lashe lambobin yabo a Turai, Commonwealth, da Gasar Duniya. Ta yi gasa a fannoni daban-daban, da suka haɗa da wasannin motsa jiki, wasan tennis, wasan ninkaya, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, da ƙwallon kwando.
Wasannin nakasassu
Walton ta fara aikinta na nakasassu a wasannin nakasassu na bazara a shekarar 1964 a Tokyo. Ta shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki guda biyu, slalom da dash na keken hannu, ta lashe zinare a duka. A wasannin 1968 da aka yi a Tel Aviv Walton ta fafata a fannonin wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle da yawa, bugun nono da na baya a wasan ninkaya, da kuma guda daya da biyu a wasan tennis. Ta samu akalla lambar azurfa a dukkanin fagage uku, inda ta kammala gasar da lambobin yabo shida uku daga cikinsu na zinari.
Gasar wasannin nakasassu da Walton ta fi samun nasara ita ce Wasannin 1972 a Heidelberg. Ta lashe zinare biyu da tagulla daya a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle da zinare a gasar kwallon tebur. Ta shiga wurin wasan katangar maimakon wasan ninkaya, inda ta yi nasara a gasar novice foil. A Wasannin 1976 a Toronto Watson ya shiga irin wannan al'amuran, inda ya lashe tagulla a wasannin motsa jiki, wasan tennis, da wasan wasa.
Don wasannin nakasassu na bazara na 1988 a Seoul, Walton ta zaɓi yin gasa a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na keken hannu da abubuwan wasan shinge. Birtaniya ba ta ci gaba ba fiye da wasannin share fage na wasan kwallon kwando bayan da ta yi rashin nasara a wasanni hudu, amma Watson ta samu abin da zai zama lambar yabo ta karshe lokacin da ta ci zinare a dan wasan epée da ci 4-6. Wannan ya kai jimlar ta zuwa lambobin zinare goma na Wasannin nakasassu.
Walton ta yi ritaya daga gasar kasa da kasa a shekara ta 1994. Ta zama manaja ta tawagar wasan wasan nakasassu ta Burtaniya a shekarar 1996, inda ta sake taka rawar gani a wasannin na 2000 da 2008. Domin wasannin 2004 ta kasance shugabar kungiyar ta Burtaniya.
Kyaututtuka da yabo
A cikin 1970 Walton ta sami lambar yabo ta Bill McGowran don halayen wasannin nakasassu na shekara daga Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Wasanni. An nada ta Jami'ar Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin 2010 Birthday Honors saboda ayyukanta na wasanni na nakasa.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
25562 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTT%20%28education%29 | TTT (education) | Thalir Thiran Thittam ( TTT ; Tamil; Gujarati; Hindi) shirin ilimi ne na tushen dabarun rayuwa wanda aka tsara musamman don yara da matasa. Tare da taken "Canje Canjenable ta hanyar Fadakarwa, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin shekara ta 2008 ta Gidauniyar Madurai -based Aparajitha Foundations ( ƙungiyar alhakin zamantakewa na Aparajitha Corporate Services. TTT ta ba da ilimin ƙwarewar rayuwa 5,305,250 a makarantu 39,498 a cikin jihohin Indiya biyar (Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana da Madhya Pradesh ) ta hanyar sassan ilimi na jihar. Manufarta ita ce haɓaka ƙwarewar rayuwa, mai mahimmanci don fuskantar ƙalubalen rayuwar zamani, waɗanda ba a bayar da su a cikin tsarin karatun na yau da kullun. Shirin zai taimaka wa ɗalibai su fahimci ƙarfinsu kuma suyi amfani da ingantacciyar hanyar rayuwa.
Bayan Fage
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana dabarun rayuwa a matsayin "iyawa don daidaitawa da kyawawan halaye waɗanda ke ba mutane damar yin aiki yadda yakamata tare da buƙatu da ƙalubalen rayuwa." Yarjejeniyar Majalisar dinkin Duniya kan 1989an 1989an Adam ta 1989 ta ayyana manufofin tarbiyyar yara a sassan (a) zuwa (e) na labarin 29. Tushen Aparajitha sun kirkiro TTT a cikin shekara tab 2008, dangane da waɗannan ma'anoni.
Manufofi, tsari, da manhaja
An ƙirƙiri TTT tare da maƙasudai masu zuwa:
Don ba wa ɗalibai damar yin zaɓin bayanai ta hanyar ba su ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don jimre da matsaloli da matsalolin da suka shafi rayuwarsu da jin daɗinsu.
Don shirya ɗalibai su zama masu ƙwazo, ƙwazo manya, masu ba su damar samun ƙima
Don sanya ɗalibai su dace da ainihin duniyar da za su kasance 'yan ƙasa masu alhakin, suna ba da gudummawa ga kansu, danginsu da al'umma gaba ɗaya
Shirin yana da matakai shida: haɓaka manhaja, isar da manhaja, aiwatar da shirin, ƙarfafa shirin, nazarin tasiri da bincike kan ayyuka . An raba manhajarsa zuwa sassa 10:
Kwarewar rayuwa guda 10, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta lissafa:
Sanin kai
Tausayi
Basirar mutane
Sadarwa
Tunanin kirkira
Tunani mai mahimmanci
Yin shawara
Matsalar matsala
Yin fama da motsin rai
Yin fama da damuwa)
Bayanin darajar
Da'a
Gudanar da lokaci
Saitin manufa
Lafiya da tsafta
Fahimtar jinsi
Dokokin ƙasa
Fahimtar kafofin watsa labarai
Ilimin halittu da muhalli
Matakan
Dalibai a cikin aji 1-5 suna cikin rukunin firamare, kuma shirin su ya ƙunshi wasanni, ayyuka da waƙoƙi. Dalibai a aji 6-11 suna da darussan bidiyo 120.
Aiwatarwa
An aiwatar da aikin matukin jirgi a cikin shekarar ilimi ta 2008 zuwa ta 2009 a manyan makarantun sakandare biyar: biyu a Madurai, makarantun gwamnati biyu a Tirupathur a gundumar Sivaganga, da makarantar gwamnati ɗaya a Mallankinaru, gundumar Virudhunagar . An ƙaddamar da TTT a ranar 29 ga Yuli a cikin shekara tab 2008 a Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati da ke Mallankinaru.
Bayan aikin gwaji, an ƙara TTT zuwa manyan makarantu 2141 na gwamnati da manyan makarantun sakandare na gwamnati na shekara ta 2018 a Tamil Nadu ranar 1 ga Oktoba a cikin shekara ta 2009. A shekarar 2013, an fadada shirin zuwa makarantun da gwamnati ke taimakawa. An ba da TTT ga ɗaliban firamare a makarantun firamare da na tsakiya waɗanda Kamfanin Karamar Hukumar Madurai ke gudanarwa tun daga shekara ta 2015.
An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimta don aiwatar da sigar Gujarati na TTT, Tim Tim Tara, a makarantu 489 da gwamnati ke jagoranta da makarantu 6,769 da gwamnati ta taimaka a shekarar ilimi ta 2011-12. Tun farkon shekarar ilimi ta 2018–19, ana watsa darussan ta wayar tarho akan EDUSAT .
An sanya hannu wani MoU a watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2016 don aiwatar da sigar Hindi, Tim Tim Tare, a manyan makarantun sakandare na gwamnatin Rajasthan na 71 da manyan makarantun sakandare 1,340 a shekarar ilimi ta 2016 - 17. Tun daga shekarar ilimi ta 2018–19, an ba da ilimin ƙwarewar rayuwa akan EDUSAT.
Tim Tim Tare (Hindi) an gwada shi a makarantu 270 a cikin gundumomi takwas na yankin Indore na Madhya Pradesh yayin shekarar karatu ta 2016 - 17. An fadada shirin zuwa sauran makarantun da ke shiyyar yayin shekarar karatu ta 2017–18.
An sanya hannu kan MoU a cikin Satumba shekara ta 2017 don aiwatar da Tim Tim Tare a makarantun Haryana 14,000 a cikin shekarar karatu ta 2017–18. A cikin shekarar ilimi ta 2018-19, an ba da darussa akan EDUSAT.
Nazari da bincike
An gudanar da bincike guda uku don tantance tasirin shirin:
Horar da ƙwarewar taushi ga matasa da aka ware: batutuwa da ƙalubale - Nazarin da Osheen Tripathi ya yi a cikin shekara ta 2013 don Rakshak, ƙungiyar da [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">abin da ake buƙata</span> ]ke Delhi.
Shirin Kwarewar Rayuwa ga Matasa (Thalir Thiran Thittam) - Nazarin 2014 da Farfesa Selvalakshmi na Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Thiagarajar da ɗalibai biyu[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">abin da ake buƙata</span> ]
Wani kimantawa na Thalir Thiran Thittam da Dr. Preetha ya yi na karatun digiri na 2014 a Jami'ar Bharathiar[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">abin da ake buƙata</span> ]
Dalibai a Makarantar Kasuwancin Ross ta Jami'ar Michigan sun kuma yi karatun Thalir Thiran Thittam.
Nassoshi
Manazarta
Labari game da TTT a cikin Tamil Wikipedia
TTT - Gabatarwa
Soma Basu, Darussa daga wajen littafin, The Hindu, Madurai, 13-06-2012
Aruna Raghuram, A girke -girke na nasara: Haɓaka ƙwarewar laushi a cikin yara
Thalir Thiran Thittam - Canjin Canji ta hanyar Fadakarwa
Thalir Thiran Thittam, shirin canji ga matasa - Bidiyo
Shirye -shiryen Ingantawa: Thalir Thiran Thittam
Pages with unreviewed translations |
45383 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Obi | Anthony Obi | Anthony Obi (13 Janairu,shekara ta alif 1952 - ya mutu 1 Janairu 2022) ya kasance Laftanar Kanar na Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban mulkin soja na jihar Osun daga watan Agustan 1996 zuwa Agustan 1998, lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Sani Abacha. Daga nan ya zama shugaban mulkin soja na jihar Abia a cikin watan Agustan 1998, inda ya miƙa mulki ga gwamnan farar hula Orji Uzor Kalu a cikin watan Mayun 1999.
Rayuwa da aiki
An haifi Obi a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1952. Ya gaji matsaloli a jihar Osun da rikici tsakanin mutanen Ife da Modakeke, wanda lokaci-lokaci ya ɓarke da rikici. Rikicin ya ɓarke ne lokacin da gwamnatinsa ta yanke shawarar mayar da hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar daga wannan gari zuwa wancan. Anthony Obi ya kafa wani kwamiti na sarauta don ba da shawarwari kan warware rikicin, kuma ya ayyana shirin azumi da addu'a na kwanaki bakwai a cikin watan Maris ɗin 1998 wanda ke mai da hankali kan zaman lafiya a Ile-Ife.
A lokacin gwamnatinsa na jihar Osun ya ƙaddamar da ofishin kamfanin ruwa a Ifetedo, amma bai samar da isasshen ruwan sha ba. A lokacin da ɓangarori biyu na ƙungiyar ma’aikatan ƙananan hukumomi suka fara buga jaridu biyu masu adawa da juna, Anthony Obi ya hana su duka.
A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1998 Laftanar Kanar Anthony Obi ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa mambobin majalisar wucin gadi 31 da ɗaukacin shugabannin sojoji na jihohi 36 za su bayyana ƙadarorin su, bisa ga aniyar Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar na miƙa mulki mai tsafta ga farar hula a cikin watan Mayun 1999.
A matsayinsa na mai kula da jihar Abia, ya gina Camp Neya, wurin shaƙatawa na gwamnati da wasan golf a cikin ƙasar da ba ta da kyau a Igbere, wanda aka ba shi aiki a ranarsa ta ƙarshe a kan mulki a ranar 28 ga watan Mayun 1999.
Mutuwa
Obi ya mutu a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 2022, yana da shekaru 69.
Manazarta
Mutuwan 2022
Haifaffun 1952 |
60521 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/NatCarb | NatCarb | NatCarb geoportal, yana bada damar yin amfani da bayanan ƙasa, da kayan aikin da suka shafi raba carbon a cikin Amurka.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Laboratory Technology Technology na Kasa
Haɗin gwiwar Yanki na Sequestration Carbon
Manazarta
Carr, TR, PM Rich, da JD Bartley. 2007. Geoportal na NATCARB: haɗa bayanan da aka rarraba daga Ƙungiyoyin Yanki na Sequestration Carbon. Jaridar Taswirar Laburaren Taswira da Geography (Geoscapes), "Batu na Musamman akan Sashen Makamashi (DOE) Ƙirƙirar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Geospatial". A cikin Latsa. |