id
stringlengths 1
5
| url
stringlengths 31
212
| title
stringlengths 1
128
| text
stringlengths 1
966k
|
|---|---|---|---|
31354 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimin%20muhalli%20na%20gargajiya | Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya | Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya (TEK), yana bayyana ilimin mutanen asalin gari da sauran ilimin gargajiya na albarkatun kasa. A matsayin fannin nazari a cikin ilimin ɗan adam na Arewacin Amurka, Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya yana nufin "ɗaɗɗen ilimin ilimi, imani, da aiki, haɓakawa ta hanyar tarin Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya kuma ana ba da su ta cikin tsararraki ta hanyar waƙoƙin gargajiya, labarai da imani. Ya shafi alakar rayayyun halittu (ciki har da mutum) da kungiyoyin su na al’ada da muhallinsu.” Yana da kyau a lura cewa ilimin asali ba ra'ayi ba ne na duniya a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban, amma ana magana da shi ga tsarin al'adu ko ayyuka na ilimi waɗanda suka dogara ga "wuri. Ana amfani da irin wannan ilimin a cikin sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa a madadin tushen bayanan muhalli a lokuta inda babu ƙaramin bayanan kimiyya da aka yi rikodin, ko kuma yana iya nufin hanyoyin kimiyyar Yammacin Turai na sarrafa muhalli.
Aiwatar da Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya a fagen kula da muhalli da kimiyya har yanzu yana da rigima, kamar yadda hanyoyin samun da kuma tattara ilimi-ko da yake sau da yawa ya haɗa da nau'ikan bincike da gwaje-gwaje - ya bambanta da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don ƙirƙira da tabbatar da ilimin muhalli na kimiyya daga hangen nesa na yamma. Hukumomin gwamnati da ba na kabilanci ba, irin su US EPA, sun kafa shirye-shiryen haɗin kai tare da wasu gwamnatocin kabilanci don haɗa Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya cikin tsare-tsaren muhalli da bin diddigin sauyin yanayi.
Akwai muhawara ko ƴan asalin ƙasar suna riƙe da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha akan ilimin gargajiya da kuma ko amfani da wannan ilimin yana buƙatar izini da lasisi kafin aiki da shi. Wannan yana da rikitarwa musamman saboda ana kiyaye TEK akai-akai azaman al'adar baka kuma don haka na iya rasa ingantattun takaddun takaddun. Don haka, hanyoyin da za su iya warware batun takardun shaida don biyan bukatun yammacin Turai na iya yin illa ga yanayin ilimin gargajiya.
Ana amfani da ilimin gargajiya don kula da albarkatun kasa wadanda ake bukata don rayuwa. Yayin da Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya ita kanta, da kuma al'ummomin da ke da alaƙa da al'adar baka, na iya zama cikin barazana saboda saurin sauyin yanayi ko lalacewar muhalli, TEK yana nuna mahimmanci don fahimtar tasirin waɗannan canje-canje a cikin yanayin muhalli.
Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya na iya komawa zuwa ilimin muhalli na gargajiya wanda ke jaddada sassa daban-daban da mu'amalar muhalli.
Ci gaban fannin ilimin
An gudanar da karatun farko na tsarin Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya a cikin nazarin ɗan adam. An yi nazarin ilimin halittu ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na ethnoecology, "hanyar da ke mai da hankali kan tunanin dangantakar muhalli da mutane ko al'adu ke gudanarwa," a fahimtar yadda tsarin ilimi ya samo asali ta hanyar al'ada. Harold Colyer Conklin, wani Ba’amurke ƙwararren ɗan adam wanda ya fara nazarin ilimin ƙabilanci, ya jagoranci tattara bayanan ƴan asali hanyoyin fahimtar duniyar halitta. Conklin da sauransu sun rubuta yadda al'ummomin gargajiya, irin su masu sana'ar noma na Philippine, suka nuna na ban mamaki da cikakken cikakken sani game da tarihin yanayin wuraren da suka zauna. Shiga kai tsaye cikin tarawa, kera kayayyaki daga, da amfani da tsire-tsire da dabbobi na gida ya haifar da wani tsari wanda duniyar halittu da duniyar al'adu ke da alaƙa da juna. Kodayake filin Tek ya fara da takardun jerin nau'ikan halittun da kungiyoyi daban-daban da kuma "biyan haraji daga cikin ƙasa don la'akari da la'akari da dangantakar dangantaka da hanyoyin da aka bayar tashi zuwa filin kamar yadda ake gane shi a yau. A cikin ƙarfafa nazarin hanyoyin daidaitawa, wanda ke ba da hujjar cewa ƙungiyar zamantakewa kanta amsa ce ta daidaita yanayin muhalli ta ƙungiyar zuwa yanayin gida, dangantakar ɗan adam da dabarun aiki waɗanda waɗannan alaƙa da al'adu suka dogara, filin TEK na iya yin nazari kan Tambayoyi masu yawa da suka shafi yanayin al'adu da ilimin halin ɗan adam.
A tsakiyar 1980s, an rubuta ɗimbin wallafe-wallafen da ke haɓaka ilimin muhalli na gargajiya duka ilimin muhalli da ƴan asali daban-daban suke da shi da kuma dangantakarsu ta muhalli. Nazarin ya haɗa da nazarin "nama da kiyaye halittu masu rai a cikin yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, da ilimin gargajiya da tsarin gudanarwa a cikin kamun kifi na bakin teku da lagoons, yankunan da ba su da ruwa, da kuma Arctic." Abin da waɗannan binciken ya kwatanta shi ne cewa "al'ummar gargajiya iri-iri suna da nasu fahimtar dangantakar muhalli da al'adun sarrafa albarkatun." Haɓaka ilimin ilimin muhalli na gargajiya a wannan lokacin ya haifar da fahimtar duniya game da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen sa a cikin ayyukan sarrafa albarkatun da ci gaba mai dorewa. Rahoton na 1987 na Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Ci gaba ta Duniya ya nuna yarjejeniya a lokacin. Rahoton ya yi nuni da cewa nasarorin da aka samu a karni na 20 (raguwar mace-macen jarirai, da karuwa a tsawon rayuwa, da karuwar karatu, da samar da abinci a duniya) sun haifar da al’amuran da suka haifar da gurbacewar muhalli “a cikin duniya da ta fi gurbace a tsakanin abada. rage albarkatun." Fata, duk da haka, ya wanzu don salon rayuwa na gargajiya. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa al'ummomin kabilu da na asali suna da salon rayuwa da za su iya samar wa al'ummomin zamani darussa kan sarrafa albarkatun da ke cikin dazuzzuka masu sarkakiya, da tsaunuka, da kuma juji.
Bambance-bambance daga kimiyya
Fulvio Mazzocchi na Cibiyar Italian National Research Council na ma'aikatar kula da gurbacear yanayi ya bambanta ilimin gargajiya daga ilimin kimiyya kamar haka:
Abubuwan suka shafi ilimin muhalli na gargajiya
Abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin muhalli na gargajiya suna ba da nau'o'i daban-daban ta yadda ake amfani da su da fahimtarsa. Waɗannan alamu ne masu kyau game da yadda ake amfani da shi ta fuskoki daban-daban da kuma yadda suke da alaƙa da juna, suna ba da ƙarin fifiko kan "Gudanar da haɗin gwiwa don mafi kyawun gano wuraren da ke da bambanci da haɗuwa yayin ƙoƙarin kawo hanyoyin tunani da sanin juna biyu."
Binciken gaskiya
Houde ya gano fuskoki shida na ilimin muhalli na gargajiya. Bangaren farko na ilimin ilimin halitta na gargajiya ya haɗa da ainihin, takamaiman abubuwan lura da aka samar ta hanyar tantancewa, suna, da rarrabuwa na sassa daban-daban na muhalli. Wannan al'amari shine game da fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i da kuma kewaye da su. Har ila yau, saiti ne na duka abubuwan lura da bayanai da ke jaddada al'amuran dabbobi da dabi'unsu, da muhallinsu, da sifofin zahiri na nau'in, da yawan dabbobi. Wannan ya fi amfani don kimanta haɗarin haɗari da gudanarwa wanda ke ba ƙasashe damar yin tasiri akan sarrafa albarkatun. To sai dai idan al'umma ba ta yi aiki ba, to kasa za ta iya aiwatar da muradun kanta. Irin wannan "ilimin ƙwaƙƙwara ya ƙunshi jerin abubuwan lura da aka gudanar na dogon lokaci kuma an ƙarfafa su ta hanyar asusun wasu masu riƙe TEK."
Tsarin gudanarwa
Fuska ta biyu tana nufin yin amfani da albarkatu cikin ɗa'a da dorewa dangane da tsarin gudanarwa. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar dabarun tsare-tsare don tabbatar da kiyaye albarkatu. Musamman ma wannan fuskar ta ƙunshi ma'amala da sarrafa kwari, sauya albarkatu, tsarin noman noma da yawa, da hanyoyin ƙididdige yanayin albarkatun. Hakanan yana mai da hankali kan sarrafa albarkatu da yadda ya dace da yanayin gida.
Amfani na baya da na yanzu
Fuska ta uku tana nufin girman lokaci na Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya, yana mai da hankali kan amfani da muhallin da ake yadawa ta hanyar tarihin baka, kamar amfani da ƙasa, zama, zama, da matakan girbi. Musamman tsire-tsire na magani da wuraren tarihi suna da matukar damuwa. Ana amfani da tarihin baka don isar da al'adun gargajiya daga tsara zuwa tsara, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar dangi da al'umma.
Da'a da dabi'u
Fuska ta huɗu tana nufin maganganun ƙima da alaƙa tsakanin tsarin gaskatawa da kuma tsara gaskiya. Game da Ilimin gargajiya akan muhalli yana nufin xa'a na muhalli wanda ke kiyaye ikon amfani da bincike. Har ila yau, wannan fuska tana nufin bayyanar da dabi'u game da dangantaka da wuraren zama na nau'i da kuma kewaye da su - yanayin dangantakar mutum.
Al'adu da asali
Fuska ta biyar tana nufin rawar da harshe da hotunan da suka gabata ke bunkasa ga al'adu. Dangantaka tsakanin Aboriginal (mazaunan asali) da muhallinsu na da mahimmanci don dorewar abubuwan al'adu da ke ayyana su. Wannan fuskar tana nuna labaru, dabi'u, da alakar zamantakewa da ke zaune a wuraren da ke ba da gudummawa ga rayuwa, haifuwa, da haɓakar al'adun ƴan asalin, da kuma ganewa. Hakanan ya jaddada "fa'idodin maidowa na shimfidar al'adu a matsayin wuraren sabuntawa"
Ilimin sararin samaniya
Fuska ta shida ita ce ilmin sararin samaniya ta al'ada wacce ita ce ginshikin sauran bangarorin. Ilimin sararin samaniya wato Cosmology shine ra'ayi na yadda duniya ke aiki don al'adu da yawa. Wannan na iya bambanta sosai daga al'ada ɗaya zuwa na gaba. Misali a Amurka, akwai sama da kabilu 577 da gwamnatin tarayya ta amince da su tare da nasu al'adu, harsuna da tsarin imani. Yawancin waɗannan kabilun sun fahimci kansu a matsayin haɗin gwiwa da ƙasar. Kalmar 'cosmology' tana da alaƙa da zato da imani game da yadda al'amura ke gudana, kuma yana bayyana hanyar da abubuwa ke haɗuwa, kuma yana ba da ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke daidaita dangantakar ɗan adam da dabba da kuma matsayin ɗan adam a duniya. Daga hangen nesa na ɗan adam, ilmin sararin samaniya yana ƙoƙarin fahimtar dangantakar ɗan adam da dabba da kuma yadda waɗannan ke tasiri kai tsaye alaƙar zamantakewa, wajibai ga membobin al'umma, da ayyukan gudanarwa.
A cikin A Yupiaq Worldview: Hanya zuwa Ilimin Halittu da Ruhi na Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley, masanin ilimin ɗan adam ɗan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ma'auni na yanayi, ko hangen nesa na muhalli, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga Yupiaq. Tarihi da binciken archaeological na kabila daban-daban a duniya yana da alama suna nuni da zaren falsafa ko muhalli guda ɗaya a tsakanin dukkan mutane, kuma wannan haɗin kai da ke bayyana yana haifar da tunanin haɗin kai na kowane abu na sararin samaniya. Mutanen Yupiaq sun kasance, kuma har yanzu, masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi na duniya ne, duk da raunin yanayin da ake samu ta hanyar kutse na zamani." Kawagley yayi karin bayani akan Ilimin gargajiya akan muhalli a cikin mahallin duniya na Yupiaq da cewa, “Hanyoyin mutum na Yupiaq sun hada da lura, gogewa, hulɗar zamantakewa, da sauraron tattaunawa da tambayoyi na duniyar halitta da ta ruhaniya tare da hankali. Mutum ko da yaushe mai halarta-mai kallo ne."
Gudanar da yanayin muhalli
Kula da yanayin muhalli hanya ce mai fuskoki da dama kuma cikakke hanya na sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi duka ilimin kimiyya da ilimin muhalli na gargajiya don tattara bayanai daga matakan dogon lokaci waɗanda kimiyya ba za su iya ba. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar masana kimiyya da masu bincike tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar yanke shawara tare da biyan bukatun zamantakewa, siyasa da al'adu na zamani da na gaba. Ilimin 'yan asali ya samar da hanyar da za ta magance sarkakiya yayin da kimiyyar yamma ke da dabaru da kayan aiki. Wannan dangantaka ce mai kyau don samun wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako ga ɓangarorin biyu da muhalli. Hatsarin da ke tattare da yin aiki tare shi ne, kasashe ba sa cin moriyar adalci ko kwata-kwata. Sau da yawa an yi amfani da ilimin ɗan asalin waje a wajen al'umma ba tare da izini ba ( al'adar al'adu ), amincewa, ko ramuwa. Ilimin ƴan asali na iya kiyaye muhalli, duk da haka yana iya zama ilimi mai tsarki.
Maido da ingancin muhalli
Maido da ingancin muhalli shine al'adar maido da gurbataccen muhalli ta hanyar sa hannun ɗan adam. Akwai haɗe-haɗe da yawa tsakanin maido da muhalli da ayyukan sarrafa yanayin muhalli da suka shafi Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya, duk da haka sarrafa yanayin muhallin Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya ya fi zurfi ta hanyar alakar tarihi da wurin. Saboda rashin daidaiton iko da aka ambata a baya tsakanin ƴan asali da kuma waɗanda ba na asali ba, yana da mahimmanci cewa haɗin gwiwa ya daidaita don dawo da rashin adalci na zamantakewa kuma wannan ya tabbatar da samun nasara lokacin da ƴan asalin ƙasar suka jagoranci ayyukan maido da muhalli.
Ilimin gargajiya da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka
Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta kasance daya daga cikin hukumomin tarayya na farko da suka samar da tsare-tsare na yau da kullun da ke bayanin yadda za ta hada kai da gwamnatocin kabilu da kuma amincewa da muradun kabilanci wajen aiwatar da shirye-shiryenta "don kare lafiyar dan adam da muhalli." A cikin fahimtar alaƙar ƙabilanci da mahalli, EPA ta nemi haɓaka shirye-shiryen muhalli waɗanda ke haɗa ilimin muhalli na gargajiya a cikin "kimiyyar muhalli, manufofin, da hanyoyin yanke shawara."
Ko da yake a halin yanzu ba a san Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya a matsayin muhimmin sashi na yanke shawarar muhalli na yau da kullun ba, masana kimiyya suna aiki kan haɓaka shirye-shiryen ƙwarewar kimiyya waɗanda suka dace da Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya da haɓaka wadatar kai da azama. Rashin sanin ilimin muhalli na gargajiya wajen tantance hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli shine wakilcin ɗabi'ar ƙabilanci don ƙima kimiyya akan ƙirar gargajiya. Don haka, hukumomin da ke haɗa kimiyya da Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya dole ne su amince da ƙimar hanyoyin koyarwa na musamman don yin cikakken amfani da fa'idodin kimiyya da Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya. Misali, dole ne hukumomin Amurka su koyi game da Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ta hanyar yin aiki kafada da kafada da dattawan 'yan asalin, tattara bayanai na hannu daga takamaiman wurin da ake tambaya, da haɗa ƙimar 'yan asalin cikin ƙimar su ta kimiya.
A cikin Nuwamban 2000, Shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton ya ba da umarnin zartarwa mai lamba 13175, wanda ke buƙatar sassan tarayya da hukumomin tarayya su tuntuɓi gwamnatocin ƙabilun Indiya don haɓaka manufofin da za su sami tasirin kabilanci. Tasirin kabilanci ana bayyana ta EPA da cewa yana da "tasirin kai tsaye ga ɗaya ko fiye da kabilun Indiya, akan dangantakar da ke tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da kabilun Indiya, ko kuma akan rabon iko da nauyi tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da kabilun Indiya." A matsayin hukumar tarayya ta gwamnatin Amurka, an buƙaci EPA ta kafa ƙa'idodin tsarin tuntuɓar. A matsayin martaninta na farko, hukumar ta samar da wasu ka’idoji da za su ba da damar yin sadarwa mai ma’ana da daidaitawa tsakanin hukumar da jami’an kabilanci kafin hukumar ta dauki matakai ko aiwatar da shawarwarin da ka iya shafan kabilu. Ka'idojin sun kuma tsara lambobin tuntuɓar EPA don haɓaka daidaito da daidaita tsarin tuntuɓar, da kafa kulawar gudanarwa da bayar da rahoto don tabbatar da gaskiya da gaskiya.
Wani nau'i na tuntuɓar Majalisar Ƙabila ta EPA. A cikin 2000, Ofishin Bincike da Ci gaba na EPA ya kafa Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabilanci ta EPA. Majalisar, wadda ta kunshi wakilai daga kabilu a fadin kasar, ana nufin samar da tsari don shigar da kabilu cikin kokarin kimiyya na EPA, da kuma zama abin hawa wanda ta hanyar EPA za ta iya samun fahimtar batutuwan kimiyya wadanda suka fi fifiko ga kabilu. a matakin kasa. Majalisar kuma tana ba wa kabilu dama don yin tasiri akan ajandar kimiyya ta EPA ta hanyar ɗaga waɗannan batutuwan da suka fi fifiko ga ƙungiyar EPA mai fa'ida.
Muhimmanci ga membobin kabilanci a farkon taron Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabilanci ta EPA shine bambance-bambancen da ke cikin al'adun gargajiya na kabilanci da kuma kimiyyar yamma. Waɗannan hanyoyin rayuwa sun haɗa da "haɗin ruhi, tunani, jiki, da tunani da mahalli; alaƙa waɗanda suka dogara akan ƙima mai ƙima da ƙima"; da kuma fahimtar cewa albarkatun ƙasa za su samar da duk abin da ya dace don cigaban rayuwar ɗan adam.
Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabilanci ta EPA, duk da haka, ana nufin yin aiki a matsayin wurin taro inda ƙungiyoyin biyu za su iya "raba bayanan da za su iya ba da gudummawa ga kare muhalli ga duk al'ummomin da ba al'adar da ke barin asalinta ba." A ƙoƙari na kare TTL Majalisar ta gano zama a matsayin yanki mai mahimmanci don bincike. Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabila ta EPA ta ayyana rayuwa a matsayin: “dangantaka tsakanin mutane da muhallinsu, hanyar rayuwa. Rayuwa ta ƙunshi haɗin kai na ruhaniya da ƙasa, kuma ya haɗa da fahimtar cewa albarkatun ƙasa za su samar da duk abin da ya dace don rayuwar ɗan adam. Mutanen da suke rayuwa daga tushen albarkatun ƙasa sun kasance suna da alaƙa da waɗannan albarkatun, suna rayuwa a cikin da'irar rayuwa. Rayuwa ta kasance game da rayuwa a hanyar da za ta tabbatar da amincin albarkatun ƙasa don amfanin tsararraki masu zuwa." Saboda TTL ko TEK ya keɓanta da wuri kuma ya haɗa da alaƙa tsakanin tsire-tsire da dabbobi, da alaƙar rayayyun halittu da muhalli, amincewa da rayuwa a matsayin fifiko yana ba da damar ilimi da ayyukan TTL su sami kariya. Misali, a wani bangare na shawarwarin da suka yi game da abin da za su ci, Majalisar ta amince da gano gurbacewar albarkatu a matsayin "batun kimiyyar kabilanci mafi mahimmanci a wannan lokacin." Domin mutanen ƙabilun da ke da salon rayuwa sun dogara da muhalli don dabarun gargajiya na noma, farauta. kamun kifi, gandun daji, da magunguna, da bukukuwa, gurɓatattun abubuwa suna yin tasiri daidai gwargwado kuma suna jefa TTL ɗinsu cikin haɗari. Kamar yadda Majalisar EPA ta bayyana, "Yawan cin abinci na kabilanci ya ninka sau da yawa fiye da na yawan jama'a, yana sa tasirin gurɓataccen albarkatun ƙasa ya fi damuwa nan da nan." Yayin da ‘yan asalin kasar ke kokawa da gurbacewar albarkatu, majalisar ta samu ci gaba wajen binciken illolinta.
Duk da irin wannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce, har yanzu akwai shingaye don ci gaba a cikin Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabila ta EPA. Misali, daya cikas shine yanayin hanyoyin rayuwar gargajiya. Hanyoyin Rayuwa na Gargajiya na kabilanci ana ba da su ta hanyar labari, daga zamani zuwa zamani, tsara zuwa tsara, yayin da kimiyyar yammacin duniya ta dogara da rubutacciyar kalma, sadarwa ta hanyar ilimi da ilimi. Ƙoƙarin tattara masana kimiyya na yammacin duniya da mutanen ƙabilanci su ma sun sami cikas ta hanyar fahimtar ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka cewa ana sanya nazarin kimiyya a cikin "baƙar akwatin" na misalta wanda ke hana shigar da kabilanci. Ko da kuwa, EPA ta fahimci ikon ilimin ɗan asalin don haɓaka fahimtar kimiyya da samar da sabbin bayanai da ra'ayoyi waɗanda za su iya amfanar yanayi da lafiyar ɗan adam.
Inganta hanyoyin rayuwar gargajiya cikin tsarin kimanta haɗarin EPA misali ɗaya ne na yadda Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabila ta EPA ta sami damar aiwatar da canji a al'adun EPA. Tsarin tantance haɗarin haɗari shine "tsarin tsara don nazarin kimiyya na yuwuwar tasirin cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli sakamakon kamuwa da gurɓatawa ko wasu matsalolin muhalli." EPA ta yi amfani da kimar haɗari don kafa "matakan tsaftacewa a wuraren sharar gida masu haɗari, ingancin ruwa da ka'idojin iska, shawarwarin kifi, da hana ko ƙuntata amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da sauran sinadarai masu guba." Mutanen ƙabilanci sun damu, duk da haka, hanyoyin tantance haɗarin na yanzu ba su da cikakkiyar ƙima ga al'adun kabilanci, dabi'u, da/ko hanyoyin rayuwa. Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabilanci tana neman haɗa TTL cikin tunanin fallasa wanzuwa a cikin tsarin tantance haɗarin EPA. Maƙasudin dogon lokaci don Majalisar Kimiyyar Kabilanci ta EPA, duk da haka, cikakken canji ne a kimanta yanke shawara daga haɗari zuwa kiyaye mutane da muhalli masu lafiya. Kamar yadda aka fada a sama, mutanen kabilanci ba sa yarda da rabuwa da yanayin ɗan adam da muhalli lokacin da suka nuna haɗari. Ta hanyar EPA da aka ƙaddamar da taron karawa juna sani, tarurrukan bita, da ayyuka, ƙabilun sun sami damar yin tattaunawa game da haɗa hanyoyin rayuwa ta al'ada ta kabilanci cikin kimanta haɗarin EPA da yanke shawara. Wannan ya faru ta hanyoyi da yawa: haɗa ayyukan al'adu na musamman na ƙabilanci kamar kwando na asali, mahimmancin kifin kifi da sauran kifaye, magungunan tsire-tsire na gida, cin kifi da nama mai yawa, da wuraren gumi a matsayin fallasa don ƙididdige haɗarin haɗari. ga mutane ko ga al'umma. Kodayake ana iya haɗa waɗannan nau'ikan takamaiman ayyuka na ƙabilanci a cikin kimanta haɗarin EPA, babu tabbacin cewa za a haɗa su kuma babu daidaito kan yadda za a iya amfani da su a wurare daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar.
A cikin Yulin 2014, Kungiyar EPA ta ba da sanarwar "Manufa kan Adalci na Muhalli don Yin Aiki tare da Ƙabilun Ƙabilu da 'Yan Asalin Ƙasar Tarayya," suna gabatar da ka'idodinta don shirye-shiryen da suka danganci kabilu da 'yan asalin tarayya da aka amince da su don "goyi bayan aiwatar da gaskiya da inganci na tarayya. dokokin muhalli, da kuma ba da kariya daga tasirin da bai dace ba da kuma manyan haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli." Daga cikin ka'idoji 17 akwai # 3 ("EPA tana aiki don fahimtar ma'anar lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli daga mahangar ƙabilun da aka amince da tarayya, 'yan asali a duk faɗin Amurka, da sauran waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasar Indiya"); #6 ("EPA tana ƙarfafa, kamar yadda ya dace kuma gwargwadon iya aiki kuma doka ta ba da izini, haɗa ilimin muhalli na gargajiya a cikin ilimin muhalli na hukumar, manufofin, da hanyoyin yanke shawara, don fahimta da magance matsalolin adalci na muhalli da sauƙaƙe shirin. aiwatarwa"); da kuma #7 ("EPA tana la'akari da abubuwan da suka shafi sirri game da bayanai akan wurare masu tsarki, albarkatun al'adu, da sauran ilimin gargajiya, kamar yadda doka ta yarda." ). Yayin da wannan manufar ke gano jagorori da matakai na EPA dangane da ka'idodin adalci na muhalli kamar yadda suke da alaƙa da ƙabilu da ƴan asalin ƙasar, hukumar ta lura cewa ba su da wata hanyar da za a iya amfani da su azaman dokoki ko ƙa'idodi . Ba za a iya amfani da su ga wani yanayi na musamman ba ko canza ko musanya kowace doka, ƙa'ida, ko duk wani abin da ake buƙata na doka kuma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.
Illolin lalacewar muhalli dangane da ilimin gargajiya
A wasu yankuna, gurɓacewar muhalli ya haifar da raguwar ilimin halittu na gargajiya. Misali, a al'ummar Aamjiwnaang na Anishnaabe First Nations mutane a Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, mazauna suna fama da "nasarawar raguwar yawan haihuwar namiji ..., wanda mazauna ke danganta su ga kusancinsu ga tsire-tsire masu guba":
Canjin yanayi
Ilimin muhalli na gargajiya yana ba da bayanai game da sauyin yanayi a cikin tsararraki da labarin ƙasa na ainihin mazauna yankin. Ilimin muhalli na al'ada yana jaddada kuma ya sanya bayanai game da lafiya da hulɗar muhalli su zama cibiyar bayanan da yake ɗauka. Canjin yanayi yana shafar ilimin ilimin halittu na gargajiya ta nau'ikan asalin ƴan asalin ƙasar da yadda suke rayuwa. Ilimin al'ada yana yada daga tsara zuwa tsara kuma yana ci gaba a yau. ’Yan asalin ƙasar sun dogara da waɗannan al’adu don rayuwarsu. Don lokutan girbi da yawa, ƴan asalin ƙasar sun canza ayyukansu watannin kadan saboda tasirin sauyin yanayi.
Haɓakar yanayin zafi yana kara zama barazana ga yanayin halittu saboda yana cutar da rayuwar wasu bishiyoyi da nau'ikan tsire-tsire. Haɗin haɓakar yanayin zafi da canjin yanayin hazo yana shafar wuraren tsiro.
Hakanan ɗumamar yanayi na shafar kwari da dabbobi. Canjin yanayin zafi zai iya shafar abubuwa da yawa tun daga lokacin da kwari ke fitowa a cikin shekara zuwa canje-canjen mazaunin dabbobi a cikin canje-canjen yanayi.
Yayin da zafin yanayi ke ƙara zafi, gobarar daji ta zama mai yiwuwa. Wata al'umma ta asali a Ostiraliya kwanan nan an ba su ƙasa kuma suna dawo da al'adarsu ta al'ada na sarrafa konewa. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar bambancin halittu da kuma rage tsananin gobarar daji.
Ba wai kawai nau'o'i daban-daban na yanayin ya shafa ba, amma tare, lafiyar muhalli na shafar sauyin yanayi don haka albarkatun muhalli da ke samuwa ga 'yan asali na iya canzawa a cikin adadin da ake da su da kuma ingancin albarkatun.
Yayin da matakan kankarar teku ke raguwa, mutanen Alaska na fuskantar canje-canje a rayuwarsu na yau da kullun; kamun kifi, sufuri, zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin rayuwarsu sun zama marasa aminci. Daskarewar ƙasa ya haifar da lahani ga gine-gine da hanyoyin titi. Rashin gurɓataccen ruwa yana ƙara tsananta yayin da albarkatun ruwa mai tsabta ke raguwa.
Canjin yanayi na lalata rayuwar yau da kullun na 'yan asalin ƙasar a matakai da yawa. Canjin yanayi da ƴan asalin ƙasar suna da alaƙa daban-daban dangane da yankin yanki wanda ke buƙatar daidaitawa daban-daban da ayyukan ragewa. Misali, don tunkarar waɗannan yanayi nan da nan, ƴan asalin ƙasar sun daidaita lokacin girbi da abin da suka girbe sannan kuma su daidaita amfani da albarkatun su. Canjin yanayi na iya canza daidaiton bayanan ilimin ilimin muhalli na gargajiya. Mutanen ƴan asalin ƙasar sun dogara sosai kan alamu na yanayi don tsara ayyuka har ma da hasashen yanayi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Sakamakon karuwar rashin jin daɗi, ƴan asalin ƙasar suna ƙaura don nemo wasu hanyoyin tsira. A sakamakon haka, an yi asarar alakar al'adu da kasashen da suka taba zama a kai, haka kuma an yi hasarar ilmin ilmin muhalli na gargajiya da suka yi da kasar a can. Sauye-sauyen yanayi da ba a tsara su yadda ya kamata ko aiwatar da su ba na iya cutar da ƴan asalin ƙasar.
Kungiyar EPA ta ambaci cewa za ta ɗauki ilimin ilimin muhalli na gargajiya cikin la'akari wajen tsara daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi. Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Kasa ta Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta yi amfani da hanyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar wajen yaƙar yanayin sauyin yanayi.
Nazarin bincike: Savoonga da Shaktoolik, Alaska
A wani bincike, mazauna kauyukan Savoonga da Shaktoolik, Alaska, sun ba da rahoton cewa, a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka wuce na rayuwarsu, yanayi ya yi wuya a iya hasashensa, lokacin sanyi ya ragu, ana samun matsala wajen hasashen yawan shuke-shuken da za a girbi., akwai bambance-bambance a cikin hijirar dabbobi, an sami ƙarin ganin sabbin nau'in halittu, wanda ake gani fiye da baya, kuma ayyukan farauta da tarawa ba su zama abin da ake iya gani ba kuma ba su faru ba sau da yawa saboda ƙarancin samun damar yin hakan. Mazauna garin sun ga wani sauyi a yanayinsu wanda kuma ya shafi rayuwarsu. Tsirrai da dabbobin ba su yi daidai da samuwarsu ba wanda ya shafi farauta da tara jama’a saboda babu abin da za a yi farauta ko tarawa. Bayyanar sabbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire da dabbobi kuma abin damuwa ne na lafiyar jiki da abinci mai gina jiki saboda ba a al'adance suke cikin ƙasa ba.
Kungiyar harsunanTEK
Karuk da Yurok Burning a matsayin TEK
A cewar masanin zamantakewar muhalli Kirsten Vinyeta da mai binciken canjin yanayi na kabila Kathy Lynn, "Karuk Tribe na California sun mamaye ƙasar ƴan asali a tsakiyar tsakiyar Klamath da Salmon Rivers a Arewacin California. Yankin ƙabilar ta ƙabilar ta ƙunshi kimanin eka miliyan 1.38 a cikin Kogin Klamath. Ayyukan ƙonawa na al'ada sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga Karuk tun a tarihi. Ga Kabila, wuta tana aiki azaman kayan aikin sarrafa ƙasa mai mahimmanci da kuma aikin ruhaniya." A cewar farfesa nazarin muhalli Tony Marks-Block, mai bincike kan muhalli Frank K. Lake da ƙwararrun gandun daji na wurare masu zafi Lisa M. Curran, "kafin manufofin keɓancewar wuta, Indiyawan Amurka sun yi amfani da watsar da gobarar da ba ta da tushe ko konewar al'adu don haɓaka albarkatun da ke da alaƙa don rayuwarsu da al'adunsu. ayyuka. Don dawo da albarkatun al'adun da suka lalace daga shekarun da suka gabata na keɓe gobara da kuma rage haɗarin gobarar daji, ƙabilar Karuk da Yurok na Arewa maso yammacin California suna jagorantar ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa na yanki don faɗaɗa gobarar watsa shirye-shirye da rage yawan man fetur a kan jama'a, masu zaman kansu, da ƙasashen kabilanci a cikin yankunan kakanninsu. "
Tony Marks-Block, Frank K. Lake da Lisa M. Curran suma sun bayyana cewa "a yankin Karuk, gwamnatin tarayya ba ta kafa wani wurin kebabbe ba, inda ta bar murabba'in kilomita 3.83 na Karuk a cikin yankin kakanninsu, saura kuma ya kasance karkashin kasa. ikon dazuzzukan Klamath da koguna shida na ƙasa da kuma watsewar gidaje masu zaman kansu. Sakamakon haka, membobin kabilar Karuk da hukumomin gudanarwa dole ne su kewaya da'awar sabis ɗin gandun daji na USDA akan yankin kakanninsu kuma suna da iyakataccen zaɓi don faɗaɗa tushen ƙasarsu ta hanyar mallakar filaye masu zaman kansu. A cikin yankin Yurok, hukunce-hukuncen da suka haɗa da juna sun faru ciki har da gandun daji na Redwood da gandun daji na Kogin shida a wajen ajiyar da gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa. Ajiye yana ƙarƙashin mallakar kamfanin katako mai zaman kansa. Saboda haka, kabilar Yurok dole ne ko dai su daidaita ko yin hulɗa tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a cikin yankin kakanninsu, amma a halin yanzu suna da zaɓi mafi girma don samun kadarori masu zaman kansu fiye da kabilar Karuk." A cewar farfesa a fannin zamantakewar zamantakewa Kari Norgaard da dan kabilar Karuk William Tripp, "wannan tsari za a iya maimaita shi kuma a fadada shi zuwa sauran al'ummomi a yammacin Klamath Mountains da kuma bayansa. Hoopa da Yurok tanoak sun tsaya cewa gogaggun gobarar da aka maimaita sun fi jure wa cutar kan lokaci. Wasu bincike sun nuna bambance-bambancen ban mamaki game da kamuwa da cututtuka nan da nan bayan gobarar daji (sau 72 ba a iya samunta a konewa ba tare da wuraren da ba a kone ba a wuri guda), kodayake an nuna cewa tana ci gaba da warkewa idan ba a sake samun gobara ba, domin cutar na iya rayuwa. a cikin rundunonin da wuta ba ta kashe su ba.”
Kiyaye Muhalli na Anishinabe a matsayin TEK
A cewar mawallafa Bobbie Kalman da Niki Walker, "'yan asalin wuri, ko 'yan ƙasa, mutane sun zauna a yankin Great Lakes na dubban shekaru. Mutanen al'ummar Anishinabe (Anishinabe) sun zauna a yankuna a yankin Babban Tafkuna na yamma. Bisa ga al'adar baka, mutanen Anishinabe sun taɓa rayuwa ta wurin wani katon ruwan gishiri, wanda watakila ya kasance Tekun Atlantika ko Hudson's Bay. Mutanen sun sami annabci, ko annabci cewa idan sun yi tafiya cikin ƙasa, za su sami wurin da abinci ke tsiro a kan ruwa. Wasu sun tafi yamma, suna bin hangen nesa na megis, ko harsashi na cowrie, wanda ya jagorance su zuwa Babban Tafkuna na yamma. Mutanen sun rabu gida biyu suka zauna a wurare daban-daban wadanda suka hada da al'ummar Anishinabe. Anishinabe yana da dangantaka ta kud da kut da wasu al'ummomi biyu a yankin Manyan Tafkuna na yamma kasancewar Odawa (Ottawa) da Potawatomi. Mutanen waɗannan al’ummai uku sukan auri juna, suna fatauci, kuma su yi aiki tare don sasanta rigingimu. Sun kuma taru a majalisu, inda suka yanke shawara tare.”
A cewar masanin falsafar ɗan asalin ƙasashe kuma masanin shari'a na yanayi / muhalli Kyle Powys Whyte, "Mutanen Anishinabe a ko'ina cikin yankin Great Lakes sune kan gaba wajen kiyaye nau'in asali na asali da kuma maido da muhalli. Nmé shine mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa kifaye mai rai a cikin Babban Tekuna, wani lokacin yana wuce shekaru 100. Nmé ya yi hidima ga mutanen Asnishinabe a matsayin tushen abinci mai mahimmanci, nau'in nuna alama don sa ido kan muhalli, da kuma lachlan, yana taka rawa a cikin bukukuwa da labarai. Kenny Pheasant, wani dattijo ya ce, “Rashin sturgeon ya yi daidai da raguwar dangin sturgeon. Iyalan dangin sturgeon kaɗan ne kawai aka san su a nan" (Little River Band). Sashen Albarkatun Halitta na Indiyawan Ottawa sun fara rukunin mahallin al'adu, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ƴan kabilu da masana ilimin halitta, waɗanda suka haɓaka maƙasudai da manufofin maidowa. Manufar ita ce a dawo da jituwa da haɗin kai tsakanin Nmé da mutanen Anishinabe kuma a dawo da su duka zuwa kogin. Daga ƙarshe, sashen ya ƙirƙiri wurin renon farko na rafi don kare matasa sturgeon kafin a sake su a kowace faɗuwa don kiyaye asalin mahaifarsu. Shinkafar daji, ko manoomin, tana tsirowa a cikin magudanan ruwa, bayyanannu, da tafiyar hawainiya kuma ana iya girbe su a farkon kaka. Bayan girbi, ana sarrafa manoomin ta hanyar ayyuka kamar bushewa, bushewa, ƙwanƙwasa, bushewa, da tsaftacewa. Bayan Anishinabe ya yi hijira daga Gabas kuma ya isa yankin Great Lakes inda za su iya noman amfanin gona a kan ruwa, ƙungiyoyin maƙwabta na Amurka da Kanada da kamfanoni suna gudanar da ayyuka kamar hakar ma'adinai, damming, noma na kasuwanci da motsa jiki na nishaɗi. Waɗannan ayyukan suna shafar manoomin kai tsaye da wurin zama. A yau al’ummar Anishinabe sune jagororin kula da noman shinkafar daji. Taron Nibi (ruwa) da Manoomin Symposium, wanda ke gudana kowace shekara biyu, yana kawo masu girbin shinkafa na kabilanci a cikin manyan tabkuna, masana na asali, masu noman shinkafa na paddy, wakilai daga kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai da hukumomin jihohi, da masu binciken jami'o'i da ke sha'awar canjin kwayoyin halittar shinkafa. tare. Dattawa suna ba da labarunsu game da manoomin kuma matasa suna raba ra'ayinsu kan yadda manoomin ya dace da makomarsu. ’Yan asalin ƙasar da ke aiki a matsayin masana kimiyya a cikin ƙabilunsu suna ba da gogewar aiki tare da dattawa don fahimtar zurfin abubuwan tarihi na aikin da suke yi don nazari da adana manoomin. Ana gayyatar sauran ’yan asalin ƙasar don ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na maidowa da kiyaye sauran nau’in ’yan asali, irin su taro da masara.”
Kiyaye Killer Whales dake kudancin Ƙasar Lummi ta Jihar Washington a matsayin matakinTEK
A cewar masana ilimin muhalli Paul Guernsey, Kyle Keeler da kuma mamban Lummi Jeremiah Julius, “Al’ummar Lummi ta Jihar Washington, ƙabilar Amurka ce ta Tekun Salish. A cikin 2018, Ƙasar Lummi ta sadaukar da kanta ga Tafiya ta Totem Pole a duk faɗin Amurka suna kira ga dawowar 'yan uwansu "Lolita" (wani mazaunin Kudancin Killer Whale) zuwa ruwan gida. A cikin yaren Salish, ana kiran killer whales da qwe 'lhol mechen, ma'ana 'dangantakar mu a ƙarƙashin raƙuman ruwa', amma Lummi ba wai kawai 'dangantaka' ne da kifin kifin a cikin wani nau'i na nau'in kifin ba, kifayen suna da alaƙa a ma'ana. cewa danginsu ne. Lokacin da NOAA ta fara sanya Killer Whale na Kudancin Kudancin wani yanki mai hatsarin gaske (DPS) a cikin 2005, bisa doka sun kawar da "Lolita" a matsayin dan uwa. Shawarar ta karanta, "Mazaunin Kudancin Killer Whale DPS bai haɗa da kifayen kifaye daga J, K ko L kwaf ɗin da aka sanya su cikin bauta kafin a jera su ba, kuma baya haɗa da 'ya'yan da aka haifa a fursuna" (NOAA, 2005). Lummi suna neman NOAA don hada kai wajen ciyar da kifin har sai chinook na sautin Puget zai iya kiyaye su. Lummi sun fara ciyar da danginsu biki, amma NOAA ta gaya musu cewa babban yunƙuri na buƙatar izinin tarayya da haɗin gwiwa. Ko da yake ɗaya daga cikin manufofin kiyayewa na ƙungiyar shine tabbatar da 'isasshen adadi, inganci da samun damar nau'in ganima', NOAA ta fahimci wannan manufar sosai a matsayin batun wurin zama. Sun bayyana karara cewa yanzu ba lokacin jin dadi ba ne saboda 'karancin bayanai' ko rashin tabbas. Lummi na ci gaba da Tafiya na Totem Pole na shekara-shekara don kare ƴan'uwansu mazan, kifin baki, da kuma kiyaye gawayi, mai da sauran barazana daga cikin Tekun Salish. An tsara waɗannan ayyukan warkaswa don magance abin da Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart da Lemyra M. DeBruyn suka kira "bakin ciki na tarihi wanda ba a warware ba har yau".
Duba kuma
Agroecology
Braiding Sweetgrass
Samfurin gandun daji ba na katako ba
Ilimin gargajiya
Afirka Insect TEK
Manazarta
Bayanan kula
Ci gaba da karatu
Robin Wall Kimmerer (2013) . Braiding Sweetgrass: Hikimar 'Yan Asalin Kasa, Ilimin Kimiyya, da Koyarwar Tsirrai (Bugu na Milkweed) .
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Ilimin Muhalli na Gargajiya: Kula da Tsare-Tsare na Uwar Duniya, Sabis na Kula da Wuta na Ƙasa
Cibiyar Jama'ar Ƙasa da Muhalli, a Jami'ar Jihar New York, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Muhalli da Gandun daji
Restoration Network (IPRN)
Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve da Haida Heritage Site
Teburin Fuskoki Shida na TEK
Muha
Ilimin gargajiya
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
49843 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Chukwuma%20Njoku | Jason Chukwuma Njoku | Jason Chukwuma Njoku (an haife shi 11 Disamba shekara ta 1980) ɗan kasuwan Biritaniya ne. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na iROKOtv, sabis na bidiyo akan buƙatun fina-finai na Najeriya.
Wani dan kasuwa da ya bayyana kansa, iROKOTV shine yunkurin Njoku na 11 na fara kasuwanci. Ya fito da ra’ayin kaddamar da wani sabon dandalin rabawa na Nollywood a lokacin yana zaune a gida tare da mahaifiyarsa, mai shekaru 30, bayan wasu kamfanoni da suka gaza. |
39405 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Couquelet | Pierre Couquelet | Pierre Couquelet (an haife shi 7 ga Agusta 1964) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belgium. Ya yi takara a cikin abubuwa uku a gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu ta 1984.
An tsara shi don yin gasa a matsayin jagorar gani ga ƙwararriyar ƙwanƙwasa mai rauni Linda Le Bon a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta lokacin sanyi ta 2022 a birnin Beijing, China. Couquelet ba ta sami damar yin gasa a matsayin jagorarta ba bayan ta gaza yin gwajin maganin kara kuzari saboda kuskuren gudanarwa da ya shafi maganin da yake sha. Ya yi takara a matsayin jagorarta a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Dusar ƙanƙara ta Duniya ta 2021 da aka gudanar a Lillehammer, Norway.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1964 |
47403 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younis%20Abdallah | Younis Abdallah | Younis Abdallah Rabee (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watan Oktoban 1948) tsohon ɗan tsere ne na Kuwaiti. Ya yi takara a tseren mita 100 na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazarar 1972, kuma shi ne mai riƙe da tutar Kuwait a gasar Olympics ta shekarar 1972.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Younis Abdallah at Olympedia
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1948 |
22987 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakin%20suda | Bakin suda | Bakin suda shuka ne.
Manazarta
Shuka |
48954 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam%20%C9%97in%20Bridle%20Drift | Dam ɗin Bridle Drift | Dam ɗin Bridle Drift, wani dam ne mai cike da dutse akan kogin Buffalo, kusa da Gabashin London, Gabashin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu. An fara gina shi a shekarar 1969 kuma an sake gyara shi a shekarar 1994. Makasudin gina dam shine na masana'antu da na cikin gida, tafki yanzu shine babban ruwan sha ga birnin Buffalo.
Duba kuma
Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu
Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu
Manazarta |
20728 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20II%20ibn%20Hussein | Ali II ibn Hussein | Ali II ibn Husaini (24 Nuwamban shekarar 1712 – 26 May watan Julin 1782) ( ) shine shugaba na hudu a Daular Husainid kuma mai mulkin Tunisia daga shekarar 1759 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1782.
Duba wasu abubuwan
Moustapha Khodja
Muhammad al-Warghi
Rejeb Khaznadar
Sarakunan Tunusiya
Haifaffun 1712
Mutuwan 1782
Mutanan Tunusiya
Musulmai |
51148 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inger%20Hanmann | Inger Hanmann | Articles with hCards
Inger Frimann Hanmann(née Clausen;7 Nuwamba 1918-9 Yuni 2007)ɗan wasan Danish ne,wanda ya ƙware a zane da enamelwork.Ita kuma 'yarta Charlotte Hanmann mai daukar hoto ce, mai zane da zane-zane. Fitattun ayyukan fasahar enamel na Inger Hanman ana nuna su a filin jirgin sama na Copenhagen da Bankin Danske.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Inger Clausen a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1918 a Stege,Denmark. Mahaifinta shine Niels Christoffer Clausen wanda likitan dabbobi ne.Mahaifiyarta Dagmar Madsen.Mahaifinta ya kwadaitar da ita ta shiga harkar hawan doki da dambe.A lokaci guda kuma ta haifar da sha'awar kiɗa da zane-zane.Lokacin da mahaifinta ya koma Copenhagen,ta tafi tare da shi,ta yi karatu a Makarantar Zane ta Mata(Tegne-og Kunstindustriskolen na Kvinder)daga 1935 zuwa 1938.A lokacin waɗannan karatun ta sami tasiri da zane-zane na Matisse da Picasso a cikin gidajen tarihi,kuma ta halarci kide-kide na kiɗa da jazz na zamani.Ta fara aiki a matsayin malami.
Nassoshi
Matattun 2007
Haifaffun 1918 |
8413 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%27%20al-Thani | Rabi' al-Thani | Rabī’ al-Thānī (Larabci ربيع الثاني Rabīʿ al-Ṯānī), shi ne wata na hudu a jerin watannin Musulunci na shekara. Ana kuma kiran shi da Rabī’ al-Ākhir (ربيع الآخر).
Ranakun tarihi a watan Rabi' al-Thani
Ranar 8 ko 9, aka haifi Imamin Shi'a yan sha biyu Imam Hasan al-Askari
Ranar 10 ko 12, Fatima bint Musa ta rasu
Ranar 11, Abdulkadir Jilani (jagoran darikar Kadiriyya ta duniya wanda yan darikar suka hakikance da waliyyi ne) Ya rasu
Ranar 15, Habib Abubakar al-Haddad ya rasu
Ranar 27, Ahmad Sirhindi ya rasu
Ranar 28 ko 29, Babban malamin Falsafa dan kasar Andalus, wato ibn Arabi ya rasu a birnin Damaskus na kasar Siriya
Watannin Musulunci |
15981 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha%20Yesufu | Aisha Yesufu | Aisha Yesufu, an haifeta a 12 ga watan Disamba 1973 a jihar Kano, ita 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce a Najeriya, kuma mai daukar nauyin kungiyar Kawo Da Mu' Yan Matan Mu, wanda ke ba da shawara ga sace 'yan mata fiye da 200, daga makarantar sakandare a Chibok, Najeriya, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu 2014, ta kungiyar ta'adda ta Boko Haram. Yesufu tana cikin mata masu zanga-zanga a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya, a babban birnin kasar, Abuja, a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu 2014.
Haka kuma Yesufu ta kasance a sahun gaba a harkar End SARS, wanda ke jan hankali kan yawan abin da wata runduna ta 'yan sanda a cikin rundunar' yan sanda ta Najeriya da ake ce-ce ku-ce ta yi, wanda ake kira da ' Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS)'. Yesufu ta ce "ba za ta bar yaki da zanga-zangar End SARS a Najeriya ba saboda 'ya'yanta."
Rayuwar Farko
Yesufu an haifeta kuma ta tashi a cikin garin Kano, kuma ta sami wahalar kasancewa yarinya-yarinya a cikin mahalli mai cike da tarihi. A cikin kalaman nata, "A lokacin da nake 'yar shekara 11, ba ni da wasu kawaye mata saboda dukkansu sun yi aure wasunsu kuma sun rasa rayukansu a wajen haihuwa, yawancin kawaye na suna da jikoki a lokacin da na yi aure a shekara 24.
Rayuwar Mutum
Yesufu da mijinta, Aliu, wanda ta aura a 1996, suna da yara biyu tare, Amir da Aliyah.
Manazarta
Hausawa
Haifaffun 1973
Ƴan Najeriya
Mata |
50983 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98 | Ƙ | Ne Ƙ babban harafi: Κ; a cikin ƙaramin baƙaƙe: κ, harafi na goma ne na haruffan Girka. Tana da ƙimar |
60739 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuba%20Rahmat | Ayuba Rahmat | Ayub bin Rahmat ɗan siyasar ƙasar Malaysia ne. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Johor na Kemelah daga shekarar 2004 zuwa ta 2018. Shi memba ne na United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), wani ɓangare na jam'iyyar Barisan Nasional (BN).
Sakamakon Zaɓe
Daraja
:
Medal of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PPN) (2007)
memba na Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (2008)
:
Companion Class II of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DPSM) – Datuk (2010)
:
Second Class of the Sultan Ibrahim of Johor Medal (PSI II) (2015)
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
52749 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Macaulay | Herbert Macaulay | Olayinka Herbert Samuel Heelas Badmus Macaulay // i (14 Nuwamba 1864 – 7 ga Mayu 1946)ɗan Najeriya ɗan kishin ƙasa ne,ɗan siyasa, ɗan safiyo,injiniya,gine-gine,ɗan jarida,mawaƙa kuma yawancin ƴan Najeriya suna ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya assasa kishin Najeriya.
Shekarun farko
An haifi Herbert Macaulay a Broad Street,Legas,a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1864 ga dangin Thomas Babington Macaulay da Abigail Crowther.Iyayensa ‘ya’yan mutanen ne da aka kama daga kasar Nijeriya a yanzu,da sojojin Birtaniya na yammacin Afirka suka sake tsugunar da su a kasar Saliyo,da kuma wadanda suka dawo Najeriya a yau.Thomas Babington Macaulay yana daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Ojo Oriare yayin da Abigail Crowther diyar Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther ce, zuriyar Sarki Abiodun.Thomas Babington Macaulay shi ne ya kafa makarantar sakandare ta farko a Najeriya,Makarantar Grammar CMS,Legas. Thomas Babington Macaulay was the founder of the first secondary school in Nigeria, the CMS Grammar School, Lagos.
Ilimi
Macaulay ya fara makarantar firamare a shekarar 1869 kuma daga shekarar 1869 zuwa 1877 ya yi karatunsa a makarantar St Paul’s Breadfruit da ke Legas da kuma CMS Faji School,Legas. Daga 1877 zuwa Oktoba 1880,ya halarci Makarantar Grammar CMS,Legas don karatun sakandare.Ya kasance dalibi a makarantar lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta 1878.A cikin 1880,ya shiga sana'ar kawun mahaifiyarsa kuma ya yi tafiya ta kasuwanci da mishan ta kogin Neja yana ziyartar Bonny,Lokoja,Gbebe da Brass.Bayan ya tafi makarantar mishan na Kirista,ya ɗauki aiki a matsayin mataimaki na limamai da kuma fihirisa a Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a, Legas.Bayan haka,tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka,Macaulay ya bar Legas a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1890 don ci gaba da horo a Ingila.Daga 1891 zuwa 1894 ya karanci aikin injiniyan farar hula a Plymouth,Ingila,kuma ya kasance almajiri na GD Bellamy,mai binciken unguwa da injiniyan ruwa a Plymouth.A 1893,ya zama digiri na biyu na Royal Institute of British Architects, London.Macaulay ya kasance ƙwararren mawaƙi ne wanda ya sami takardar shedar kida daga Kwalejin Trinity,London da kuma takardar shaidar wasan violin daga Kwalejin Music International ta London.
Sana'a
Bayan ya dawo Legas a watan Satumba na 1893,ya koma aiki da aikin mulkin mallaka a matsayin mai binciken Landan Crown .Ya bar aikin a matsayin mai duba filaye a watan Satumba na shekarar 1898 saboda rashin jin dadin mulkin Birtaniya na Turawan mulkin mallaka na Legas da matsayin yankin Yarbawa da yankin Neja a matsayin masu kare martabar Burtaniya.Wasu mawallafa irin su Patrick Dele-Cole sun lura da cin zarafi na zarge-zargen ofis(wanda manyansa na Biritaniya suka yi)da kuma neman rigima ta sirri wanda ya rutsa da murabus din Macaulay a matsayin mai binciken Tallafin Crown.Kristin Mann,yana ambaton aika aika gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya,ya lura cewa Macaulay ya nuna rashin gaskiya,ta hanyar amfani da "matsayinsa na Surveyor of Crown Lands don taimakawa abokai su sami tallafin kambi da kuma tsananta makiya ta hanyar ba da ƙasarsu ga wasu".Ta kara rubuta cewa Macaulay "ya sami tallafin kambi a karkashin sunayen karya sannan ya sayar da su a kan riba".A cikin Oktoba 1898,ya sami lasisi don yin aiki a matsayin mai binciken.A matsayinsa na safiyo,tsare-tsare da kimarsa sun hada da gidan EJ Alex Taylor da ke kan titin Victoria,gidan Henry Carr a Tinubu,gidan Akinola Maja da Doherty Villa a dandalin Campos.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Macaulay ya auri Caroline Pratt, 'yar wani Sufeton 'yan sanda na Afirka a cikin Disamba 1898.Auren su ya ƙare a watan Agusta 1899 bayan mutuwar Caroline a lokacin haihuwa kuma Macaulay an ruwaito cewa ya yi alƙawarin ba zai sake yin aure ba.Duk da yake Macaulay bai sake yin aure a Cocin ba, yana da abokan hulɗa da suka haɗa da Ms.da Souza wadda ta koma Legas, gidan kakaninta, daga Brazil kuma ta rayu a cikin shekarunta 90,daga wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya da yawa, kuma.a matsayin abokan hulɗa waɗanda ba su haifa ba (Stella Davies Coker, 'yar JPL Davies da Sarah Forbes Bonetta,sun zauna tare da Macaulay daga 1909 har zuwa mutuwarta a 1916.Sun haifi 'ya mace mai suna Sarah Abigail Idowu Macaulay Adadevoh.An ba Sarah Abigail sunan kakarta ta wajen uwa Sarah Forbes Bonetta da kakarta Abigail Crowther).An ruwaito Macaulay shine dan Najeriya na farko da ya mallaki mota.
Ko da yake daga dangin Anglican masu ibadaMacaulay ya rungumi al'adun addinan Afirka na asali, ya kasance mai camfi,kuma ya shiga aikin sihiri .Takardunsa na sirri sun ƙunshi bayanin kula daga masu duba da masu duba tare da umarni game da haram, duba,sadaukarwa, da sauran ayyukan asiri . Macaulay ya kasance memba na Association of Babalawos ( Ifa priests) na Legas.
Macaulay ya kasance babban abokin zamantakewa a Legas ta Victoria. Ya shirya kide-kide da shirye-shiryen fina-finai(Yana daga cikin ’yan Najeriya na farko da suka kawo fina-finai a Najeriya ta hanyar gayyatar kamfanonin fina-finai zuwa Legas don baje kolin fina-finai) a gidansa (mai suna "Kirsten Hall" bayan abokinsa na jakadan Jamus Arthur Kirsten)a ranar 8.Titin Balbina in Yaba.An yi wa Macaulay lakabi da "Wizard of Kirsten Hall" saboda ikonsa na samun bayanan sirri.Macaulay ya gudanar da hanyar sadarwar masu ba da labari wanda ya biya da kyau.Sau da yawa,mintuna daga tarurrukan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka za a yi ta leka a jaridu da Macaulay ke da alaƙa da su.Ana iya samun dukkan sassan fayilolin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka da telegram a cikin Takardun Macaulay a sashin Africana na Laburaren Jami'ar Ibadan .
Manazarta |
14533 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamisu%20Breaker | Hamisu Breaker | Hamisu Sa'id Yusuf wanda aka fi sani da Hamisu Breaker kuma sunan na Breaker ya samo asaline a lokacin da yana yin wani salon rawa da ake kira breaking dance tun a baya kafin asan shi a matsayin mawaki. Shahararren mawakin hausa ne musamman wakokin soyayya wanda sunan sa ya shahara a Najeriya musammam ma yankin Arewa.
Hamisu Breaker ya yi fice a tsakanin masu jin harshen Hausa a lardin Afirka ta Yamma, musamman a Arewacin Najeriya, Nijar, Kamaru, Cadi, Côte d'Ivoire da dai sauransu.
Rayuwar Farko
An haifi Hamisu Breaker ne a shekarar alif dari Tara da casa'in da biyu 1992 a Dorayi da ke karamar hukumar Gwale a jihar Kano Najeriya.
Karatu
Hamisu Breaker ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Dorayi duk da har zuwa yau mawakin babu wani rahoto da yake nuni da ya cigaba da karatun jami'a.
Fara wakarsa
Breaker ya fara Waka ne tun lokacin yana makarantar sakandare. Kuma ya yi wakoki da dama kafin ya fara ftar da album. Wakarsa da ta yi tashe sama da ko wacce ita ce Jaruma musamman a cikin Hausawa. A shekara ta 2020, Jaruma ita ce wakar Hausa ta soyayya da aka fi kallo da sauraro domin saida takai wani mataki a YouTube da babu wata wakar da ta taba kaiwa a kankanin lokaci a tarihin wakokin hausa. Domin yanzu haka an kalli wakar Jarumar Mata sau sama da miliyan goma a Youtube.
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1992 |
48424 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gidan%20Kayan%20Tarihi%20Na%20Blue%20Penny | Gidan Kayan Tarihi Na Blue Penny | Gidan kayan tarihi na Blue Penny wani gidan kayan gargajiyane da aka keɓe don tarihi da fasaha na Mauritius, yana a Caudan Waterfront a Port Louis, babban birnin Mauritius. An buɗe shi a watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2001.
Tarin gidan kayan gargajiya ya haɗa da tambarin 1847 Blue Penny da Red Penny. An sayi tambarin a shekarar 1993 akan dala 2,000,000 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin Mauritius karkashin jagorancin Bankin Kasuwanci na Mauritius kuma an dawo da su Mauritius bayan kusan shekaru 150. Don kiyayewa, ana haskaka asalinsu na ɗan lokaci kawai. Yawancin lokaci kwafi ne kawai a gani.
Gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda Bankin Kasuwancin Mauritius ta kafa, kuma ya gina ainihin mutum-mutumi na Paul da Virginia, wanda Prosper d'Épinay ya ƙirƙira a cikin shekarar 1881.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Blue Penny Museum, Blue Penny Museum Website
Mauritius Stamps Album |
35469 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powellton%2C%20West%20Virginia | Powellton, West Virginia | Powellton wuri ne da aka keɓe (CDP) a cikin Fayette County, West Virginia, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kasance 619 a ƙidayar 2010.
An yi wa al’ummar sunan sunan Godwin H. Powell, dan kasuwa a masana’antar hakar kwal.
Geography
Powellton yana a (38.107412, -81.320872).
A cewar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Amurka, CDP tana da jimillar yanki na 5.4 murabba'in mil (13.9 km ), duk kasa. Armstrong Creek da tributary, Powellton Fork, suna gudana ta hanyar Powellton.
Alkaluma
A ƙidayar 2000 akwai mutane 1,796, gidaje 697, da iyalai 515 da ke zaune a cikin CDP. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 50.5 a kowace murabba'in mil (19.5/km ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 781 a matsakaicin yawa na 22.0/sq mi (8.5/km ). Tsarin launin fata na CDP ya kasance 88.08% Fari, 9.35% Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, 0.28% Ba'amurke, 0.17% Asiya, da 2.12% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 0.39%.
Daga cikin gidaje 697 kashi 26.7% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 57.2% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 12.2% na da mace mai gida da babu mijin aure, kashi 26.1% kuma ba iyali ba ne. 21.8% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 10.9% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.58 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.97.
Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 21.7% a ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, 10.7% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.7% daga 25 zuwa 44, 26.9% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 14.9% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 96.7. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 90.9.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gida shine $23,224 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $30,327. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $27,083 sabanin $20,060 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na CDP shine $13,646. Kusan 19.1% na iyalai da 21.7% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 38.2% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 13.7% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
Manazarta |
49027 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattalin%20Arzikin%20Tarayyar%20Afirka | Tattalin Arzikin Tarayyar Afirka | Jihohin kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) sun kasance kasa ta 11 mafi karfin tattalin arziki a duniya tare da jimlar kudaden shiga na gida (GDP) na dalar Amurka biliyan 2263. GDP ta hanyar siyan iko (PPP), tattalin arzikin Tarayyar Afirka ya kai dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1.515, inda ya kai matsayi na 11 bayan Rasha . A lokaci guda, suna da jimlar bashin dalar Amurka biliyan 200.
AU tana da kashi 2% kacal na kasuwancin duniya. Amma saboda sama da kashi 90% na kasuwancin duniya sun ƙunshi makomar kuɗi, na Afirka a zahiri shine mafi yawan kayan masarufi da ake siyarwa a duk duniya don haɗa kusan kashi 70% na ma'adanai masu mahimmanci na duniya, gami da zinariya da aluminum . Afirka kuma babbar kasuwa ce ga masana'antun Turai, Amurka da China.
Manufofin kungiyar AU nan gaba sun hada da samar da yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci, kungiyar kwastam, kasuwa guda, babban bankin kasa, da kudin bai daya, ta yadda za a kafa kungiyar tattalin arziki da hada-hadar kudi . Shirin da kuma ake yi a yanzu shi ne a kafa kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka mai kudi guda ( afro ) nan da shekarar 2030*.
Nassoshi
Afro-Asiatic multilingual support templates
Afrika |
4170 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Aindow | Roger Aindow | Roger Aindow (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
48049 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuofa | Umuofa | Umuofa ƙauye ne a jihar Imo, kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Ƙauyen na kusa da birnin Owerri.
Manazarta
Garuruwa a Jihar Imo |
6620 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Cazeneuve | Bernard Cazeneuve | Bernard Cazeneuve [lafazi : /berenar kazenev/] ɗan siyasan Faransa ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 1954 a Senlis, Faransa. Bernard Cazeneuve firaministan kasar Faransa ne daga Disamba 2016 zuwa Mayu 2017 (bayan Manuel Valls - kafin Édouard Philippe).
'Yan siyasan Faransa |
3982 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan | Bhutan | Bhutan ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar Asiya. Bhutan yana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita araba'i 38,984. Bhutan yana da yawan jama'a 797,765, bisa ga jimillar a shekara ta 2016.
Hotuna
Hotunan wasu sassa na kasar Bhutan.
Manazarta
Ƙasashen Asiya |
20610 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiru%20Aremu | Basiru Aremu | Bashiru Aremu (an haife shi 7 ga Yulin 1974) masanin ilmin Najeriya ne kuma farfesa a kimiyyar kwamfuta, Fasahar Sadarwa da Sadarwa (ICT).
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
Bashiru Aremu an haifeshi ne a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1974 a garin Tsohuwar Garin da ke cikin jihar Osun, Najeriya, Afirka ta Yamma. Yana da kuma digiri na biyu: Digiri na Digiri na Kimiyya a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta tare da manyan aji na farko a shekara ta (2002) daga Jami'ar Adam Smith ta Amurka da Digiri na Farko na Fasahar Fasahar Fasahar Sadarwa tare da aji na farko (2003) daga Jami'ar Kasuwanci ta Costa Rica . Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Bayanai da Fasaha kuma ya sami Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Ya sami PhD a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta (2007) daga Jami'ar Adam Smith, Amurka . A shekarar 2008 ya kuma sami PhD a Fasahar Sadarwa daga Jami’ar Kasuwanci ta Costa Rica, wanda Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya ta tabbatar da shi ta hannun Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Tantancewa da kuma Takaddama a matsayin wanda aka amince da shi a duk duniya a Costa Rica tare da Lambar Tunani FME / S / 174/C.2/A/111/206/4312. Ya samu digiri hudu-biyu na Digirin-Digirgir. Da fari dai, Digiri na Doctorate na Doctor of Science (2013), na biyu Babbar PhD a Fasahar Sadarwa (2014), duka daga Jami'ar Yammacin Kogin, Amurka. Ya sami digiri na uku na Doctorate na Doctor (2015) daga Jami'ar Maha Satra na Cibiyar Satra Angor, masarautar Kambodiya . Takardun bincikensa sun kasance kan Janar Binciken Kasuwancin E a cikin Duniyar Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Duniya . A cikin shekara ta 2020 ya yi karatun digiri na huɗu na digiri na biyu da ad eundem Regular Higher Degree na Doctor of Science in Bioinformatics daga Jami'ar Ballsbridge a Roseau South Dominica, West Indies.
Ilimi da aiki
Aremu a halin yanzu (Maris 2021) shine mataimakin shugaban jami'ar The Crown University International Chartered Inc da rassa a duk duniya a Afirka. Bayan kyakkyawan bincike, an nada shi ya rike cibiyoyi daban-daban na Cibiyoyin kamar haka: Kwamitin Amintattu, Chartered Intl. Jami'ar Da Vinci, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a da Mataimakin Shugaban Harkokin Kasa da Kasa na Kwamitin Amintattu, Jami'ar Yammacin Kogin ta Amurka da abokan hadin gwiwa a duniya Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Kasa da Kasa na Kwamitin Amintattu, Jami'ar Sastra Angkor Masarautar Kambodiya a Asiya da cibiyoyin hadin gwiwa a duk duniya, Mataimakin Darakta-Janar na Afirka da kuma Farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi ta Duniya, Cambridge, Ingila a Turai, Babban Shugaban Duniya, Chartered World Order of Knights of Peace of Peace (duniya) Grand President, International Chartered World Learned Society (a duniya) Grand World President, Africa International Institute for Professional Training and Research Intl Chartered da Shugaban Hukumar Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaban Humanan Adam.
Membobinsu
Aremu memba ne na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya, memba a Majalisar Dattawa, Jami’ar Neja Delta, Tsibirin Wilberforce, Jihar Bayelsa, 2014- 2016; memba, Kwalejin Kwalejin Tsabta da Ilimin Kimiyya, Kwalejin Jami'ar Crown, Ghana da Campungiyoyin Haɗin gwiwa a Duniya duka a shekara ta 2015- 2016, memba na Chivalric Mamallakin Sarauta na Knights na Adalci, Memba memba na Professionalungiyar Professionalwararrun Internationalasa ta Duniya na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Fasahar Sadarwa kan ci gaban Tsarin Manhajin Ilimi na Kasa da Kasa na makarantu, 2015. Babban Memba, Associationungiyar ofasashen Duniya na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Fasahar Sadarwa, Singapore, a shekara ta 2009, mamba mamba a forungiyar Machinungiyar Kayan Kwamfuta, New York, Amurka, 2006, memba, Teungiyar Malaman Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Nijeriya (STAN) Stateasar Jihar Osun, 2006, memba a cikin doka, Kungiyar Malaman Kimiyyar Kwamfuta (CSTA) ta New York USA, 2006. Memba, Cibiyar Kula da Baitulmali (ITM), 2004.
Kyauta da girmamawa
2020 Fitaccen Farfesa Emeritus, Faculty of Education, Jami'ar Nijeriya
2019 Kyautar UNESCO mafi girma don ingantacciyar kere kere da wayewar kai
2015 Kyautar Shakespeare ta Kasa da Kasa don Ci gaban Adabi (Iconic Achievers) ta Cibiyar Bayar da Tarihi ta Duniya, Cambridge, Ingila.
2015 Fitaccen Masanin Kimiyyar Karni na 21 da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Bincike ta Duniya, Ingila da Wales
Dokar Kasa da Kasa ta Duniya ta 2015 ta Chartered World Order of the Knights of Justice of Peace
Kyautar Shugaban Majalisar na Afirka na Cibiyar Horar da Kwararru da Bincike Intl ta yi sharhi
Gaisuwa ta 2015 ga Awardungiyar Learnungiyar Koyon Duniya ta Duniya
Cibiyar Bayar da Kwarewa da Bincike ta Intanit ta Afirka ta ba da lambar yabo ta nasarar karni na 21
Manazarta
Haifaffun 1974
Rayayyun mutane
Masana Ilimi
Masana ilimi a Najeriya
Pages with unreviewed translations |
53794 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohd%20Khuzzan%20Abu%20Bakar | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar | Mohd Khuzzan bin Abu Bakar ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Johor (EXCO) a cikin gwamnatin jihar Pakatan Harapan (PH) a ƙarƙashin tsohon Menteris Besar Osman Sapian da Sahruddin Jamal daga Mayu 2018 zuwa rushewar gwamnatin jihar PH a watan Fabrairun 2020 kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Johora (MLA) don Semerah daga Mayu 2018 har zuwa Maris 2022. Shi memba ne na Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Jama'a (PKR), wata jam'iyya ce ta hadin gwiwar adawa ta PH.
Sakamakon zaben
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
46264 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Sambou | Emil Sambou | Emil Sambou (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Mayun, 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambia wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu Engen Santos FC da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gambia.
Sambou ya koma Santos bayan nasarar jarrabawar gwaji da ƙwarewar fasaha a lokacin rani na shekarar 2016. Bayan ya shiga kungiyar, dan wasan ya yi hasashen cewa zai zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta farko a kungiyar.
Ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Cape Town All Stars a wasan da suka tashi 3-3.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa
An kira Sambou zuwa tawagar kwallon kafar Gambia domin buga wasan zagaye da Senegal.
Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan sada zumunci da Gambia a wasan da suka doke Gambiya Ports Authority FC 3-2.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Emil Sambou at National-Football-Teams.com
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1994 |
40327 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%20dariya | Ban dariya | Ban dariya wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don bayyana ra'ayoyi tare da hotuna, yawanci haɗe da rubutu ko wasu bayanan gani. Yawanci yana ɗaukar nau'i na jerin sassan hotuna. Na'urorin rubutu kamar balloon magana, taken magana, da onomatopoeia na iya nuna tattaunawa, labari, tasirin sauti, ko wasu bayanai. Babu yarjejeniya tsakanin masana tarihi kan ma'anar ban dariya; wasu suna jaddada haɗin hotuna da rubutu, wasu jerin abubuwa ko wasu alaƙar hoto, da sauran abubuwan tarihi kamar haɓakar taro ko amfani da haruffa masu maimaitawa. Zane da sauran nau'ikan zane-zane sune mafi yawan hanyoyin yin hoto a cikin wasan kwaikwayo; fumetti wani nau'i ne da ke amfani da hotunan hoto. Siffofin gama gari sun haɗa da tsiri mai ban dariya, zane-zane na gag, da littattafan ban dariya. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20, kundin da aka ɗaure irin su litattafan zane-zane, kundin ban dariya, da tankōbon sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi ya haɓaka a cikin ƙarni na 21.
Tarihin wasan kwaikwayo ya bi hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin al'adu daban-daban. Masana sun kafa tarihin tarihi har zuwa zanen kogon Lascaux. A tsakiyar karni na 20, wasan kwaikwayo ya bunƙasa, musamman a Amurka, yammacin Turai (musamman Faransa da Belgium ), da Japan. Tarihin wasan kwaikwayo na Turai sau da yawa ana bin sahun zane-zane na Rodolphe Töpffer na 1830s, kuma ya zama sananne bayan nasarar da aka samu a cikin 1930s na tube da littattafai kamar The Adventures of Tintin. Mawakan barkwanci na Amurka sun fito a matsayin matsakaicin matsakaici a farkon karni na 20 tare da zuwan labaran barkwanci na jaridu; Littattafan ban dariya irin na mujallu sun biyo baya a cikin 1930s, wanda nau'in superhero ya zama sananne bayan Superman ya bayyana a cikin 1938. Tarihi na ban dariya na Jafananci da zane-zane ( ) sun ba da shawarar tushen tun farkon karni na 12. Hotunan barkwanci na zamani sun bayyana a Japan a farkon karni na 20, kuma fitowar mujallu da littattafai masu ban dariya da sauri ya faɗaɗa a bayan yakin duniya. Zamanin II (1945-) tare da shaharar masu zane-zane irin su Osamu Tezuka. yayi kaurin suna ga yawancin tarihinsa, amma zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20 ya fara samun karbuwa ga jama'a da malamai.
Kalmar barkwanci ana amfani da ita azaman suna guda ɗaya idan tana nufin matsakaicin kanta (misali " Comics sigar fasaha ce ta gani."), amma ya zama jam'i lokacin da ake magana akan ayyuka tare (misali " Comics ne sanannen kayan karatu." ).Al'adun ban dariya na Turai, Amurka da Japan sun bi hanyoyi daban-daban. Turawa sun ga al'adarsu tun daga Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer tun daga farkon 1827 kuma Amurkawa sun ga asalinsu a cikin jaridar Richard F. Outcault ta 1890s strip The Yellow Kid, kodayake yawancin Amirkawa sun fahimci Töpffer's. fifiko. [2] Japan tana da dogon tarihin zane mai ban dariya da ban dariya wanda ya kai ga yakin duniya II zamani. Mawakin ukiyo-e Hokusai ya shahara da kalmar Jafananci don ban dariya da zane mai ban dariya, , a farkon karni na 19. [3] A cikin 1930s Harry "A" Chesler ya fara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya, wanda a ƙarshe a tsayinsa ya ɗauki ma'aikata 40 aiki don masu wallafa 50 daban-daban waɗanda suka taimaka wajen haɓaka matsakaicin wasan ban dariya a cikin "Golden Age of Comics" bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II. A zamanin baya-bayan nan, wasannin barkwanci na Japan na zamani sun fara bunƙasa lokacin da Osamu Tezuka ya samar da ƙwararrun ayyuka. [5] A kusan ƙarshen karni na 20, waɗannan hadisai guda uku sun haɗu a cikin yanayin zuwa ga masu ban dariya na tsawon littafi: kundin ban dariya a Turai, a Japan, da kuma labari mai hoto a cikin harshen Ingilishi. kasashe.
A waje da waɗannan sassa na asali, masu ba da labari na wasan kwaikwayo da masana tarihi sun ga abubuwan da suka gabata don wasan kwaikwayo a cikin zane-zane na kogon Lascaux [6] a Faransa (wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance jerin jerin hotuna na zamani), hieroglyphs na Masar, Trajan's Column a Roma, na 11th. -karni Norman Bayeux Tapestry, [8] da 1370 yanke katako, na ƙarni na 15 da kuma toshe littattafai, Hukuncin Ƙarshe na Michelangelo a cikin Sistine Chapel, da William Hogarth na ƙarni na 18 na zane-zane, da sauransu.
Manazarta |
51236 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bony%20Dashaco | Bony Dashaco | Bony Dashaco (an haife Boniface Abayo Dashaco a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1976), ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Kamaru, Shugaban Cibiyar Kasuwanci, Talla da Bincike (ACMAR) ƙungiyar watsa labarai ta Afirka.
A ci 2014, Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics ta zabe shi a matsayin "shugaban Afirka na gobe" a matsayin mutumin da bai kai shekaru 40 ba wanda ya shafi al'umma. A cikin Oktoba 2016, Institut Choiseul ya sanya shi #36 a cikin jerin manyan manajoji 100 na Afirka da ke ƙasa da shekaru 40.
Sana'a
Dashaco shine shugaba kuma wanda ya kafa Médiafrique, haɗin gwiwa na ACMAR International. An saita kamfanin watsa labarai a cikin kasashen Afirka 22 kuma ya samar da ayyukan yi sama da 1000 kai tsaye. An zabe shi a shekarar 2016 a matsayi na 50 Mafi Tasirin Matasan Kamaru ta Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci, Jagoranci da Ci Gaban Gudanar da Kasuwanci (CELBMD) Afirka. A shekarar 2016, ya yi hira da gidan rediyon Faransa News Network Africa 24 tare da mai da hankali kan Afirka don bayyana ci gaban kafofin watsa labarai a Afirka, da matsalolinsa da mafita.
A watan Maris na 2016, ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Kamaru ya ziyarci kungiyar Acmar a Douala inda ya yi hira da shugaban kungiyar bisa manufofin harkokin wajen Amurka a Kamaru.
An nada Dashaco daya daga cikin jerin jagororin tattalin arzikin Afirka 100 na gaba na Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics.
A shekarar 2021, ya ƙaddamar da tashoshi uku na TV Dash TV, Dash Info da Dash Sports & nishaɗi.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Dashaco yana da aure kuma yana da ‘ya’ya biyu.
Duba kuma
Kafofin yada labarai na Kamaru
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1978
Reflist |
9991 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%20ta%20Yamma | Oru ta Yamma | Oru ta Yamma na daya daga cikin Kananan hukumomin dake a jihar Imo a kudu maso Gabas, Nijeriya.
Kananan hukumomin jihar Imo |
4134 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Adcock | Paul Adcock | Paul Adcock (an haife shi a kasar Ingila) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
48059 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoma%20Lekalakala | Makoma Lekalakala | Makoma Lekalakala, ƴar gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu ce wadda ita ce darektan reshen Johannesburg ta Rayuwar Duniya ta Afirka . Tare da Liz McDaid, an ba ta lambar yabo ta muhalli ta shekarar 2018 na Goldman don yankin Afirka saboda aikinsu na amfani da kotuna don dakatar da yarjejeniyar nukiliyar Rasha da Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2017.
Rayuwar farko
Lekalakala ta girma a Soweto, Afirka ta Kudu . Tana da ƴan’uwa biyar, kuma mahaifiyarta ta rene ta bayan mahaifinta ya rasu a shekarar 1976. Ta ƙara fahimtar al'amuran zamantakewa da rashin adalci yayin da ta ga mahaifiyarta tana kokawa don sanya abinci a kan tebur kuma al'ummarta sun hana wutar lantarki daga tashar wutar lantarki na gida saboda halin wariyar launin fata .
Aiki
A cikin shekarar 1983, Lekalakala ta sami gogewa a cikin tsarin al'umma a matsayin mai kula da shago na Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata . Ta shiga Afirka ta Duniya a cikin shekarar 2007 kuma ta fara haɓaka dandalin mata don shiga tattaunawar jama'a game da batun makamashi da sauyin yanayi.
Ayyuka
A shekara ta 2014, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta cimma yarjejeniya ta sirri da ƙasar Rasha, na gina tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya guda takwas zuwa goma a faɗin ƙasar, inda za su samar da gigawatts 9.6 na makamashin nukiliya . Yarjejeniyar sirrin ta zo ga hankalin rayuwar Duniyar Afirka a cikin wannan shekarar. Bayan gano abubuwan da yarjejeniyar ta shafi kuɗi da muhalli, Lekalakala da McDaid, tare da abokan aikinsu, sun tsara dabarun adawa da yarjejeniyar. SAFCI ta kasance tana ba da shawarar samar da makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa don yaƙar sauyin yanayi kuma tuni ta ɗauki mataki kan masana'antar nukiliya ta ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. A tare, matan biyu sun fito da wani shiri na ƙalubalantar aikin, ciki har da shi kansa shugaba Zuma, bisa hujjar cewa yarjejeniyar sirri ce, kuma sun bi ƙa’idojin shari’a ba tare da tuntuɓar jama’a ko muhawarar ‘yan majalisa ba. Lekalakala da McDaid sun damu musamman game da muhalli da illolin kiwon lafiya na haɓaka haƙar uranium, samar da makamashin nukiliya, da samar da sharar nukiliya. Sun yi magana da al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da bayyana haɗarin kuɗi na aikin da illar muhalli da lafiyar ɗan Adam. Har ila yau, Lekalakala da McDaid sun gudanar da jerin gwano don nuna adawa da shirin nukiliyar, inda suka yi zanga-zanga a dukkanin faɗin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. A ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun 2017, Kotun Ƙoli ta Yammacin Cape ta ayyana yarjejeniyar nukiliyar da ta sabawa kundin tsarin mulki, inda ta soke yarjejeniyar tare da kawo ƙarshen aikin samar da makamashin nukiliya na dala biliyan 76. Nasarar shari'a ta Lekalakala da McDaid babbar nasara ce wacce ta kare Afirka ta Kudu daga mummunan ci gaban abubuwan more rayuwa na nukiliya, wanda da zai haifar da dawwamammen sakamako na muhalli, lafiya, da kuɗi ga al'ummomi masu zuwa nan gaba.
Kyauta
Kyautar Muhalli ta Goldman a shekarar2018
Kyautar Zinare ta shekarar 2021 Eco-Warrior Afirka ta Kudu
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
18286 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarouja | Sarouja | Sarouja ( ) karamar hukuma ce ta Dimashƙu, Siriya, kusa da arewacin Old Damascus ya kasan ce kuma . Wannan shine farkon ɓangaren Damascus da aka gina a wajen bangon garin a cikin karni na 13.
Tarihi
Mai yiwuwa ana kiran Sarouja da sunan Mamluk sarki Sarem ad-Din Sarouja (ya mutu 1342). Yankin ya shahara da souk, ban da hammata, masallatai da madrasas, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Masluk Sultanate .
Manazarta |
15220 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba%20na%20Karo | Baba na Karo | Baba na Karo littafi ne na 1954 wanda masanin ilimin ɗan adam Mary F. Smith ta wallafa. Littafin tarihi ne na tarihin rayuwar Hausawa, wanda aka hada shi daga wani asusun baka da aka bayar daga bakin Baba (1877-1951), diyar wani manomi hausawa kuma malamin kur'ani. Smith ne ta fassara rahotannin Baba.
Mijin Smith, masanin halayyar ɗan adam M. G. Smith, ya ba da gudummawar bayani game da al'adun Hausawa.
Sake fitowar Baba na Karo a 1981 ya ƙunshi gabatarwar Hilda Kuper. Wani abu daga littafin yana cikin tarihin almara na 1992 Daughters of Africa.
Baba na tarihin Karo ya taimaka wajen tsara tarihin Nijeriya ta hanyar hangen mata. Ba wai kawai Baba yana ba da labarin abubuwan da ta faru ba, amma tana ba da labarin mahimman mata waɗanda ke kusa da ita. Rikodi da waɗannan abubuwan ya kasance babban abin birgewa saboda yawancin matan ba su da takardu. Baba na tarihin rayuwar Karo ya ƙunshi batutuwa da yawa kamar karuwanci, haihuwa, aure, da rayuwa a cikin mahaɗan da ta rayu.
Tsarin mulkin mallaka
Baba an haife ta ne daga dangin musulmin Hausawa a cikin wani karamin gari na Karo na Afirka. Haihuwarta ta faru ne a karni na 19, kafin Karo ya zama wani bangare na Daular Burtaniya. Karo gari ne mai tsananin son rai inda girbi da noma ke da mahimmanci.
Kafin mulkin Burtaniya, an sami matan Hausawa suna girbin gonaki. Tare da damar samar da kayayyaki da yawa, kasuwanni sun cika tituna kuma kasuwanci ya zama aikin gama gari. Abubuwan haɗin da Hausawa suka rayu a ciki sun faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da matsayin zamantakewar su, ya danganta da fasali da kuma yadda aka raba mahaɗan.
A cikin mulkin Karo, dangantakar dangi ta bambanta sosai inda aka gano alaƙa ta hanyar iyayen da galibi suna da nauyin zamantakewar jama'a daidai. Koyaya, Baba ta tuna da aure kasancewa mai ban tsoro kuma yawancin auren mata fiye da daya. Wannan ma'anar cewa matan aure zasu koma gidan mahadi na mahaifinsu.
Tsarin mulkin mallaka
Baba ta rayu ne ta hanyar 'yantar da bayi, kodayake da alama hakan bai yi wani tasiri ba a rayuwarta ba. Tsarin iko ya kasance daidai har bayan Ingila ta soke bautar. Bugu da kari, al'adun mutanen Hausawa, ra'ayoyi, da mu'amalar zamantakewar su na dan lokaci basu canza ba.
Baba Ta tunatar da cewa har yanzu ana aiwatar da matsayin jinsi yayin da yara maza ke bin iyayensu a filaye kuma an koya musu karatun Kur'ani, yayin da 'yan mata ke koya musu yadda za su dafa da tsaftar uwayensu.
Kodayake mulkin mallaka ya kai kololuwa yayin rayuwar Baba, haɗakar sabbin manufofi da hanyoyin rayuwa ba a lura da su sosai sai bayan shekaru.
Nassoshi |
33206 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jide%20Macaulay | Jide Macaulay | Jide Macaulay (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba 1966) ɗan luwaɗi ne a fili ɗan rajin kare haƙƙin LGBTQ ɗan Biritaniya-Nijeriya kuma ya naɗa firist ta Cocin Anglican na Ingila. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Fasto na House Of Rainbow gidan ibada na farko a Najeriya wanda ke ciyar da al'ummar LGBTQ a Najeriya, kuma kungiyar Black Black LGBT ta Burtaniya ta karrama shi a matsayin 2007 Man of the Year saboda rawar da ya taka wajen taimakawa mutanen LGBT. imani.
Articles with hCards
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1966 |
18216 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawiya%2C%20Libya | Zawiya, Libya | Zawiya /z ɑː w Na ə /, hukumance Zawia ( , fassarar: Az Zāwiyaẗ, Italian ko Zavia, bambance-bambancen karatu: Az Zawiyah Al Gharbiyah, Ḩārat az Zāwiyah, Al Ḩārah, El-Hára da Haraf Az Zāwīyah ), birni ne, da ke a yankin arewa maso yammacin Libya, yana kan iyakar Libya ta Tekun Bahar Rum game da yamma da Tripoli, a cikin yankin tarihi na Tripolitania . Zawiya babban birni ne na Gundumar Zawiya.
Bayani
A ƙididdigar Libiya na 1973 da 1984, garin ya ƙidaya kusan mazauna 91,603; a wancan lokacin ne - kuma mai yuwuwa ya ci gaba da kasancewa a yau - birni na biyar mafi girma-birni a cikin Libya ta yawan jama'a (bayan Tripoli, Benghazi, Misrata da Bayda ). A cikin 2011, an kiyasta Zawiya tana da mutane kusan 200,000, mafi yawansu suna cikin birni. Zawiya tana da jami'a mai suna Jami'ar Al Zawiya, wacce aka kafa a 1988. Hakanan akwai filin mai kusa da garin kuma Zawiya tana da ɗayan mahimman matatun mai biyu a Libya. Zawiya ta kasance wurin da aka gwabza kazamin fada a yakin basasar Libya na farko, saboda tana sarrafa muhimmiyar hanya tsakanin babban birnin kasar Tripoli da iyakar Tunisia.
Yanayi
Zawiya tana da yanayi mai tsananin zafi ( Köppen rarraba yanayi BSh ).
Yakin basasar Libya
A lokacin yakin basasar Libya na farko, an gwabza kazamin fada tsakanin ‘ yan adawar Libya da gwamnatin Muammar Gaddafi a ciki da kewayen birnin. A cikin kiran wayar musamman da aka yi wa mazauna garin, Gaddafi ya ce masu zanga-zangar matasa ne da aka ruda su cikin "lalata da zagon kasa" da kwayoyi da barasa. A ranar 8 ga Maris din 2011 aka ba da rahoton cewa sojojin Gaddafi sun 'farfasa garin', bayan sun yi amfani da karfin iska, da tankoki 50, don rusa garin. A cewar wani mashaidi, "birni ya zama kango ... duk wanda yake kan titi ana harbinsa da gani." A wani rahoton kuma, rikici ya fara kamari a safiyar 6 ga Maris, 2011 kuma ya tsananta a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa - "An harbe yara yayin da suke zaune a gaban gidajensu, an yi wa asibiti assha. Ban san inda masu rauni za su je ba. ”
A ranar 10 ga Maris, sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gaddafi sun sake kwace birnin.
A ranar 18 ga Maris, an ba da rahoton cewa zanga-zangar ta sake bayyana a cikin birnin. A farkon watan Afrilu na 2011, tashin hankalin da aka dakatar da tashin hankali, garin "ya koma karkashin babban yatsan Gaddafi bayan ya yi yunƙurin tashi a bayan gidansa." Babban masallacin da ya kalli filin da aka yi shahada inda aka yi wa wadanda suka ji rauni da mutuwa a lokacin da tankokin Gaddafi da maharba suka shiga, "an ruguje shi baki daya, ba wata alama da ta rage." Dubban ‘yan Zawiyan sun tafi da su domin yi musu tambayoyi a‘ yan makonnin da suka gabata, a cewar majiyar ‘yan tawayen. Rahotannin da ba a tabbatar da su ba sun bayyana cewa kimanin mayaka 10 masu adawa da Gaddafi an binne su a tsakiyar garin. Bayan yakin, ba a ga wata alama ta kaburburan ko gawawwakin ba.
Tun bayan da sojojin Ghaddafi suka karbe iko da Zawiya 'yan juyin juya halin suke ta amfani da matakan daba a kan sojojin Gaddafi. A lokuta daban-daban 'yan tawaye sun yi wa mutanen Gaddafi kwanton bauna amma dole su yi amfani da murfin dare don hana ganowa.
A ranar 11 ga watan Yunin da ya gabata, kusan 'yan tawaye dari suka kutsa cikin garin suka yi ikirarin cewa sun ci nasara da iko da wasu sassan, lamarin da ke nuna fadace-fadace na farko tsakanin masu biyayya da' yan adawa tun bayan da sojojin Gaddafi suka sake kwato su a watan Maris. Sakamakon artabun da ake yi, sojojin masu biyayya sun rufe wata babbar hanyar da ta ratsa garin, babbar hanya ce ta kokarin yakin Gaddafi. Washegari, sojojin briganda suka fatattaki 'yan tawaye daga garin kuma aka sake bude hanyar zuwa garin. Ya zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, ‘yan tawaye sun fara kai hare-hare zuwa Zawiya, kuma ana zargin masu neman sauyi a cikin garin sun ce za su tashi tsaye wajen goyon bayan‘ yan tawayen lokacin da suka isa garin.
A farkon watan Agusta, sojojin da ke adawa da Gaddafi sun fara kai farmaki a filayen da ke kewaye da Zawiya har zuwa wajen garin amma ba su rike mukamai. A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, yayin rahotanni masu karo da juna game da sakamakon yakin na baya-bayan nan, Al Jazeera Larabci ya ba da sanarwar cewa sojojin Gaddafi sun yi watsi da Zawiya, kuma sojojin da ke adawa da Gaddafi sun koma ciki a ranar.
Wasanni
Filin wasa mai amfani da yawa, Filin wasa na Zawiya, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don ƙwallon ƙafa, yana cikin birni.
Duba kuma
Jerin birane a Libya
Manazarta
Pages with unreviewed translations |
15845 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela%20Adie | Pamela Adie | Pamela Adie 'yar rajin kare hakkin LGBT ce ta Najeriya, mai magana da yawun jama'a, marubuciya kuma mai shirya fim. An yaba wa Pamela a matsayin fitacciyar mai magana da yawun jama'a da ke ba da shawara ga al'ummomin LGBTQ kuma sau da yawa ta ɗaga muryarta game da ƙarfafa jama'ar LGBTQ a Najeriya. Binciken ta da ayyukanta game da haƙƙin LGBT a Najeriya an gabatar da su a cikin jerin labaran LGBT da yawa. Ta tashi tsaye tare da fitowar ta na darekta A karkashin Rainbow wanda ya nuna tarihinta na sirri. Faƙarin samar da ita ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin fim ɗin 'yan madigo na farko a Nijeriya. Ita ce babbar darakta a ƙungiya mai zaman kanta Equality Hub.
Tarihin rayuwa
Kodayake ta auri wani mutum, amma ta bayyana cewa ita 'yar madigo ce a bayyane a cikin sanarwar da aka gabatar a shekarar 2011 bayan ta tattauna da' yan uwanta. Ta fito daga Calabar, Jihar Kuros Riba .
Ayyuka
Pamela ta bi digirinta na MBA a Jami'ar Webster kuma ta kammala digirinta na biyu a Jami'ar Baltimore . Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Wisconsin . Ta ci gaba da aikinta a matsayinta na mai kare hakkin LGBT kuma a hukumance ta zama 'yar gwagwarmaya ta farko a Najeriya. Ta kuma halarci Taron Tattalin Arzikin Duniya a cikin 2017 kuma ta yi magana a cikin bugun buɗewa na "Ganawa Manyan Activan rajin kare haƙƙin LGBT". A cikin tattaunawar, ta kuma yi magana game da mahimmancin sanya mutanen LGBT a wuraren aiki.
Ta rubuta, directed da kuma samar Najeriya 's farko na' yan madigo-mayar da hankali shirin gaskiya fim mai taken karkashin Rainbow (2019) wanda sun fi mayar da hankali akan ta rayuwa. A cikin 2019, an zaba ta kuma an sanya ta cikin mutane goma da aka zaba don gabatarwar farko ta lambar yabo ta Mary Chirwa wacce aka fara a shekarar 2018. An kara mata nadin ta ne saboda karramawar da take yi na shugabanci.
Ìfé
Ta sanar da aniyarta ta yin fim mai taken 'yan madigo a Najeriya kuma ta fito da fim din Ìfé . Shiryawa fim ɗin ya zama mai kawo ce-ce-ku-ce saboda dokar da ta hana 'yan madigo aiki. Uyai Ikpe-Etim da Pamela Adie ne suka fara aikin tare da hadin gwiwar Equal Hub. Ana daukar fim din a matsayin fim din 'yan madigo na farko a Najeriya kuma damuwar takunkumi ita ma ta fito ne saboda nau'in fim din. Sai dai fim din da aka fitar ya jinkirta saboda lamuran takunkumi kuma Pamila Adie tare da daraktan fim din sun yi wa hukumomi barazanar yiwuwar ɗaure su bayan zarge-zarge da suka bayyana game da yunƙurin da ’yan fim ɗin ke yi na sakin fim ɗin a duniya.
Manazarta
Mata
Ƴan Najeriya |
26974 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20Wedding%20%281977%20fim%29 | Blood Wedding (1977 fim) | Blood wedding ( ) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 1977 na Morocco wanda Souheil Ben-Barka ya jagoranta. An zaɓi fim ɗin a matsayin wanda za'a ba kyauta ta Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a gasar 50th Academy Awards, amma ba a yarda da shi a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa ba. Fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan wasan Mutanen Espanya na Federico Garcia Lorca .
Ƴan wasa
Irene Papas as La mere
Laurent Terzieff a matsayin Amrouch
Djamila as La ango
Miloud Habachi a matsayin Le ango
Doghmi Larbi as La père
Muni as La bawa
Souad Jalil as La femme d'Amrouch
Naima Lamcharki as La folle
Mohamed El Baz as Le Berger
Izza Gennini as La voisine
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Fina-finai |
13913 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tope%20Oshin | Tope Oshin | Tope Oshin (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan yuni shekarar, 1979) ta kasance mai gabatar da shirye shirye a talabijin na Najeriya, kuma daraktan fina-finai, kuma mai gabatarwa da kuma bada umarni, wacce aka kira a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan Najeriya a fim na shekarar, 2019. A shekarar, 2015 mujallar Pulse ta sanya mata suna ‘daya daga cikin daraktocin fina-finan Najeriya 9 da ya kamata ku sani’ a masana'antar shirya fina- finai ta Nollywood . kuma a cikin Watan Maris shekar ta, 2018, a lokacin tunawa da Watan Tarihin Mata,an yi bikin OkayAfrica a matsayin daya daga cikin matan Okay100.Yaƙin neman zaɓe yana murnar mata masu ban mamaki daga Afirka da kuma baƙin waje don yin raƙuman ruwa a wurare da dama na masana'antu, yayin da suke tasiri mai kyau a yankunansu da ma duniya baki ɗaya..
Farkon rayuwa da ilimi
Tope Oshin ta fito daga dangin Krista masu ibada. Tun tana kuma yarinya ta tsunduma cikin zane, raye-raye da raye-raye, kuma suna da burin zama mai zane. Ta karanci ilimin tattalin arziki a Jami’ar Ilorin, Jihar Kwara, amma ta bar karatun don yin karatun Jami’ar Jama’a, daga nan kuma sai Theater Arts, TV & Film Production a Jami’ar Jihar Legas . Ta fara sha'awar yin fim kuma daga baya tayi karatun Production, kuma Cinematography a Colorado Film School of the Community College of Aurora, Denver, da Makarantar Firam na Met, Ealing Studios, London bi da bi. Tope Oshin kuma jigo ce na 'Talents Durban' da Berlinale Talents, taron koli na ingantattun mashahurai daga duniyar finafinai da jerin finafinai a duk fadin duniya..
Aikin fim
Tope, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru 12, wanda ya nuna a cikin fina-finai kamar Relentless (fim na 2010), ya yanke hakora a cikin jagorancin, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darekta na The Afitocin Afirka . kuma ya kasance sananne ga jagorancin jagorancin shahararrun fina-finai na Afirka na Afirka da wasan kwaikwayo sabulu kamar su Hush, Hotel Majestic, Tinsel (jerin TV) da kuma 6 na MTV Shuga . Kodayake ta ba da umarnin gajeran fina-finai da dama da ake tsammani kamar su Sman Samari, Har Zuwa Mutuwa, Sabon Horizons da Ireti, an santa da ita sosai don kyakkyawan fim ɗin shekarar 2018 wanda aka gabatar a fim ɗin Arewa ta Arewa (fim), da New Money . Oshin ta tsirar da wasu daga cikin mafi girma da akwatin ofishin watse fina-finai a Najeriya, ciki har da shekarar, 2015 romantic film Hamsin, game da hudu da hamsin-shekara mace Lagos mazauna, wanda ya barke akwatin ofishin records a kan saki a watan Disamba shekarar, 2015, shan N20 miliyan karshen mako. da Bikin Biki 2, kamar yadda yake a shekarar, 2018, mafi girman finafinan Najeriya. A shekarar, 2016, ta samar da kuma jagorar shirin gaskiya, Amaka's Kin: Matan Nollywood, a matsayin abin tunawa da fitaccen jarumin fina-finai Amaka Igwe, wanda ya mutu a shekarar, 2014. Littattafan bayanai sun tabo batutuwan da suka shafi darektocin matan Najeriya, suna aiki a masana'antar da maza suka mallaka. A matsayin bin diddigin rubutunta, a cikin shekarar, 2017, kuma a matsayin wani bangare na lokacin Mata 100 na BBC, Tope ya yi bikin sabuwar tsararrun mata masu shirya fina-finai da ke sake farfado da fim din Nollywood, ta hanyar gabatar da shirin na BBC a Najeriya-Wanda aka harba shi Kamar Mace . Baya ga rubutattun wakokin BBC na World, Kin 's na Amaka's Kin - Matan na Nollywood suma sun yi tasiri kan sauran fina-finai na talabijin da kuma rubuce-rubucen su iri daya, ciki har da littafin Niran Adedokun na Ladies Calling the Shots . Oshin ya tayar da wani takaddama a Najeriya, lokacin da ta rubuta, ta gabatar da kuma kirkirar fim din Queer Ba Mu Da Ake Nan Nan ga kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam TIERs (The Initiative For Equal Rights) a cikin shekarar, 2018. Ba a karɓi fim ɗin don sakin silima ba kuma an sami taƙaitaccen sakin layi kawai tare da Rarraba FilmOne a cikin shekarar, 2018. Ba Mu zauna a nan Ko yaya aka bincika a Afirka A cikin Motion Film Festival a Glasgow, har ma sun yi jerin gwano da lambobin yabo da yawa abin mamakin a shekarar, 2018 Best Of Nollywood Awards a Najeriya. Za'a iya samun fim ɗin a halin yanzu a kan Amazon.Har ila yau, Tope yana da babban aiki mai kyau a matsayin mai jagoranci na Casting kuma ya jefa wa fina-finai da shirye-shiryen talabijin da dama gami da dukkanin lokuta 3 na Najeriya na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na MTV Staying Alive Foundation Shuga
Tope, ta hannun kamfanin ta Sunbow Productions [ng], an umurce shi da ya samar Kashi na 8 na MTV Shuga (TV Series), ana masa lakabi da MTV Shuga Naija 4, kuma an yaba shi a matsayin Daraktan Shugaban, Nasihu, Mai gabatarwa da kuma Mai Shirya., bayan jagoranta da jefa Kashi na 6 na wasan kwaikwayon a cikin shekarar, 2017.Tun daga shekarar, 2015 har zuwa yau, Tope yayi aiki a matsayin mai bayar da agaji na International Emmy Award .
Rayuwarta
Auren Tope na shekarar, 2002 zuwa mawallafin allo, Yinka Ogun, ya buge da kankara kuma ya haifar da rabuwa ta dindindin a shekarar, 2014. Unionungiyar ta samar da yara 4, kafin ta ƙare.
fina finai
Nuna ta
2018 Up North Director
2018 We Don't Live Here Anymore Director. Producer
2018 New Money Director
2017 InLine Director
2017 The Wedding Party 2 Producer
2015 Fifty Producer
2012 Journey to Self Director
Kana nan fim
2015 Ireti . Darakta. Mai samarwa. Marubuci.
Daraktan Murkushe 2014. Mai samarwa. Edita. Marubuci.
2013 Sabuwar Horizons . Darakta. Mai samarwa.
Shekarar 2013 Zuwa Garemu . Darakta. Mai samarwa.
2011 Matasan Sigari . Darakta. Mai samarwa.
Girke tarihi
2016 Amaka’s Kin - The Women of Nollywood. Marubuciya
2017 Nigeria: Shooting It Like A Woman. Mai gabatarwa
Fina finan talabijin
2019 MTV Shuga Naija Season 4. ShowRunner. Lead Director. Producer. Casting Director. Executive Producer.
2018 MTV Shuga Season 6. Director. Casting Director.
2017 Ever After (TV Feature) Director. Producer. Casting Director. Writer.
2017 BattleGround (Tele-Novella, Pre-Production) Content Director/Consultant.
2016 Hush (Tele-Novella) Director
2016 EvoL (TV Feature) Director. Producer. Casting Director. Writer.
2016 GidiUp 3 (Drama Series, Unaired) Director
2015 Hotel Majestic (Tele-Novella) Director
2014 Walk The Talk (Talk Show, Season 1) Director, Producer.
2013 Love and War (TV Movie) Director. Producer. Casting Director.
2013 Conversations At Dinner (TV Movie) Director. Producer. Casting Director.
2012 Bridges (Drama Series, Season 1) Director.
2009-2013 Tinsel (TV series) (Soap Opera, Seasons 2-5) Director. Box/Content Producer.
2009 Moments With Mo (Talk Show) Producer.
Lamban girma
OkayAfrica Okay100Women 2017 Honoree
Excellence in The Creative Industries Award - Sisi Oge Awards 2018
Distinguished Alumni Medal of Honor 2016 - In-short film festival
African Woman In Film Award 2015 by African Women Development Fund
Kyauta
Best Director of The Year - Best of Nollywood Awards 2018 - We Don’t Live Here Anymore
Best Movie of The Year - Best of Nollywood Awards 2018 - We Don’t Live Here Anymore
Best Director Of The Year - City People Entertainment Awards 2017
Best Documentary - Best of Nollywood Awards 2016 - “Amaka’s Kin”
Best International Female Director - Womens Only Entertainment Film Festival 2016 -Ireti
Best International Short Film - Womens Only Entertainment Film Festival 2016- Ireti
Best TV Program Director - Nigerian Broadcast Media Awards 2016 - Tinsel
Golden Short Award - Golden Movie Awards Africa 2015 - New Horizons
Special Jury Award - Africa Movie Academy Awards 2014 - New Horizons
Teens Favorite TV & Film Producer - Teens Favorite Awards, Nigeria 2014
Best Movie With A Social Message - Best Of Nollywood Awards 2013 - Journey To Self
Best Narrative Film - Slum Film Festival 2013, Nairobi - The Young Smoker
Best Director - In-short film festival 2012 - Till Death Do Us Part
Best Film - In-short film festival 2012 - Till Death Do Us Part
Best Short Film - Abuja International Film Festival 2012 - Till Death Do Us Part
Best Directing - TAVA (The Audi Visual Awards), Lagos 2011 - Tinsel
Audience Prize - In-short film festival, Lagos 2011 - The Young Smoker
Special Jury Mention - In-short film festival, Lagos 2011 - The Young Smoker
Ayyanawa
Best Nigerian Film - Africa Movie Academy Awards 2019 - Up North
Best Screenplay of The Year - Best Of Nollywood Awards 2018 - We Don’t Live Here Anymore
Director Of The Year - Ebonylife TV Sisterhood Awards 2017
Best Documentary nomination - Amaka’s Kin - The Women of Nollywood - Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards, Nigeria, 2017
Best Short Film Nomination - Ireti - Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards, Nigeria, 2017
Filmmaker of the year nomination - Divas Award, Nigeria, 2016
Creative Personae of the year nomination - Nigerian Creatives Award, Nigeria, 2016
Best Producer of The Year nomination - ‘Fifty’ - Exquisite Lady Of The Year Awards, Nigeria, 2016
Director Of The Year - Lagos Entertainment Awards - Nigeria, 2016
Best Short Film Award nomination - Ireti - Abuja Int’l Film Festival, Nigeria, 2016
Best Short Film Award nomination - Ireti - Africa Movie Academy Awards Nigeria, 2016
Golden Short Award Nomination - ‘Ireti’ - Golden Movie Awards Africa, Ghana 2016
Best Program Director Nomination - ‘Tinsel’ - Nigerian Broadcast & Media Awards(NBMA), Nigeria, 2014
Best TV Drama Nomination - ‘New Horizons’ - Nigerian Broadcast & Media Awards(NBMA), Nigeria, 2014
Best Director Nomination - ‘Journey To Self’ - Nigerian Entertainment Awards(NEA), New York, USA 2014
Best Short Film - ‘New Horizons’ - Best Of Nollywood Awards(BON),Nigeria, 2014
Best Director nomination – ‘Journey To self’ - Zulu African Academy Awards(ZAFAA), London, UK, 2013
Best Director nomination – ‘Journey To Self’ - Nollywood Movies Awards (NMA), Lagos, Nigeria, 2013
Best Movie nomination – ‘Journey To Self’ - Nollywood Movies Awards (NMA), Lagos, Nigeria, 2013
Best Short Film nomination – ‘Till Death Do Us Part’ - Nollywood Movies Awards (NMA), Lagos, Nigeria, 2013
Best Short Film Award nomination - ‘The Young Smoker’ - Africa Movie Academy Awards, Lagos, Nigeria, 2012
Outstanding Film in Directing nomination - ’Till Death Do Us Part’ - Abuja International Film Festival, Abuja, Nigeria, 2012
Best Short Film nomination - ‘The Young Smoker’ - Abuja International Film Festival, Abuja, Nigeria, 2012
Best Director nomination - ‘The Young Smoker’ - In-short film festival, Lagos, Nigeria, 2011
Best Film nomination - ‘The Young Smoker’ - In-short film festival, Lagos, Nigeria, 2011
Most Outstanding Short Film nomination - ‘The Young Smoker’ - TAVA (The Audi Visual Awards), Lagos, Nigeria, 2012
Most Outstanding Short Film nomination - ’Till Death Do Us Part’ - TAVA (The Audi Visual Awards), Lagos, Nigeria, 2012
Manazarta |
33838 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmilson%20Dove | Edmilson Dove | Edmilson Gabriel Dove (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yuli 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mozambique wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar Cape Town City ta Afirka ta Kudu da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar Mozambique. Ya fara taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida, amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya.
Aikin kulob/ƙungiya
Hailing ɗan garin Tavene a lardin Gaza, Dove ya taka leda tare da kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin ya isa Ferroviário de Maputo a shekarar 2013. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko tare da tawagar farko a kakar wasa ta 2015, inda ya lashe kofin gasar a shekararsa ta farko.
A cikin watan Mayun shekarar 2016, Dove ya yi tafi zuwa ƙungiyar Lisbon don yin gwaji tare da kulob din Portugal Sporting CP.
A cikin watan Janairun 2017, kulob din Cape Town City na Afirka ta Kudu ya sanya hannu a samar da zurfin tsaro bayan ficewar Aubrey Modiba, zabin farko na hagu. Dove ya fara daukar hankalinsu ne bayan wasan sada zumunta tsakanin kasashen Mozambique da Afirka ta Kudu a watan Nuwamba. Ya yi wasansa na farko na gwani a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, yayin da yayi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Highlands Park. A cikin bayyanarsa ta hudu kawai tare da tawagar, nasara a kan Baroka, an nada shi dan wasan bayan ya ba da taimako ga Sibusiso Masina. The Star ya bayyana wasansa da cewa "a cikin wasanni hudu kawai, ya dauki gasar Premier ta ABSA da hadari."
Ayyukan kasa
An fara kiran Dove zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar Mozambique a gasar cin kofin COSAFA na 2015, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Malawi. Kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayin masu neman shiga gasar, inda Dove ke buga cikakkun mintuna 90 a wasan karshe da Namibiya.
Ya buga wa Mozambique wasanni hudu a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika ta 2016, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da Seychelles da Zambia kafin Mozambique ta fitar da ita daga gasar.
An kuma kira Dove zuwa tawagar kasar don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika ta 2017, ya bayyana a wasanni uku a rukunin H kafin a fitar da Mozambique.
Kididdigar sana'a/aiki
Kulob
Ƙasashen Duniya
Girmamawa
Kulob
Ferroviário de Maputo
Shekara : 2015
Birnin Cape Town
MTN 8 : 2018
Ƙasashen Duniya
Mozambique
Kofin COSAFA : 2015 ta zo ta biyu
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
49022 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orji%20Kalu | Orji Kalu | Orji Kalu Okogbue (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan baya ga Mouloudia Oujda a Botola na Moroko .
Girmamawa
Kulob
Tirana
Supercup na Albaniya : (1) 2017
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1992 |
10887 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerin%20yawan%20habakar%20mutane%20a%20jahohin%20Najeriya | Jerin yawan habakar mutane a jahohin Najeriya | Wannan teburin yana nuna yawan mutane a jahohin Najeriya 36 da manyan biranensu.
Manazarta
Nijeriya |
54918 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongeka%20Gamede | Bongeka Gamede | Bongeka Gamede (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Jami'ar Western Cape (UWC) da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Kudu .
Sana'a
Garin mahaifar Gamede shine Ixopo a cikin KwaZulu-Natal. Tsohuwar ‘yar kasar Afirka ta gwagwalada Kudu ‘yan kasa da shekara 17 da ‘yan kasa da shekara 20, an saka ta a cikin ‘yan wasan Afrika ta Kudu da za su taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 duk da cewa ba ta taba wakilci kasar a matakin manya ba. Dalibar yawon bude ido a Jami'ar Western Cape, dole ne ta dage jarrabawar shekarar farko don fitowa a gasar. Ta fara buga wasanta na farko a duniya a wasan sada zumunci da kasar Norway a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni 2019, inda ta maye gurbinta a wasan da Afrika ta Kudu ta sha kashi da ci 7-2.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1999 |
25393 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeish%20Muhammad | Jeish Muhammad | Jeish Muhammad ( Jaish Muḥammad al-Fātiḥ, fassarar: Rundunar Muhammad Mai Nasara ; JM ) ƙungiya ce ta mayaƙan Iraki wacce ta shafi siyasa da addini. Ɓangaren da ke da alaƙa da siyasa a cikin JM galibi tsoffin membobin Ba'ath ne musamman daga yankin Sunni. Mutane da yawa da suka sami matsayi na musamman a lokacin jagorancin Saddam Hussein sun fito ne daga Tikrit, wanda shi kuma yana cikin yankin Iraki inda yawancin Larabawa galibi Sunni ne. Mutanen da gabaɗaya ke riƙe da tsohon mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri, musamman a cikin manyan mutane membobi ne na jami'an tsaro, leken asiri da na 'yan sanda daga gwamnatin da ta gabata.
Da farko an yi imanin cewa Jaysh Muhammad ya kunshi mayakan da suka kutsa Iraki daga Saudiyya da wasu kasashen Larabawa. Daga baya kungiyar ta Iraki ta Rarraba rahoton, cewa memba ya kasance da farko na 'yan asalin Iraki, tsoffin jami'an gwamnatin. An tallafa wannan ta ikon su na amfani da hanyar sadarwar bayanai kafin yaƙi da samar da ababen more rayuwa. JM ce ke da alhakin kai hare -hare na zamani kan dakarun Hadin gwiwa a farkon shekara ta 2004, wadanda tsoffin jami'an leken asiri da na tsaro suka taimaka.
Hare -hare
A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2003, wani mutum da ya rufe fuska ya yi ikirarin cewa yana magana da Brigadiyyar Jihadin Musulunci na Sojojin Muhammad, Abdallah Bin-Iyad Brigade, ya dauki alhakin tashin bam a harabar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bagadaza ta hanyar faifan sauti da aka ba gidan talabijin na tauraron dan adam na LBC na Lebanon. Wata kungiya mai kiran kanta da makamai masu guba na Sojojin Muhammad na Biyu ta dauki alhakin kai harin bam a hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke Bagadaza, Da'awar ta dauki sifar buga rubutu, bayanin Larabci da aka nuna a tashar Al-Arabiya a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2003.
A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2004, maza da fuskokinsu suka lullube a cikin wata sanarwa a Fallujah wanda ke bayyana shirinsu na karbe ikon biranen Iraqi bayan sojojin mamaya na Amurka sun janye. Kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi 12 ne suka sanya hannu kan sanarwar ciki har da: The Iraqi Islamic Patriotic Resistance (al-Muqawamah al-Wataniyah al-Islamiyah al-'Iraqiyah), Kungiyar Salafi ta Yadawa da Jihadi (al-Harakah as-Salafiyah li-d- Da'wah wa-l-Jihad), kungiyar al-Qari'ah (Tanzim al-Qari'ah), Sojojin 'Yan Bangaren Sunnah (Jeish Ansar as-Sunnah), da Rundunar Muhammad.
An buga hirar da ba a bayyana ba tare da wani memba na Jaysh Muhammad daga Ba'qubah da aka ba Cibiyar Yaki da Rahoton Zaman Lafiya a ranar 14 ga watan Mayun, 2004. Maharan sun bayyana cewa mafi yawan mayaƙan Jaysh Muhammad ma’aikatan manoma ne waɗanda suka shiga shekara ta ƙungiyar Salafist Sunni don fitar da kawancen daga Iraki. Ya ce akwai mayakan kasashen waje kalilan a cikin kungiyar kuma "sun zauna tare da mu [kafin yakin] kuma ba su fito daga kasashen waje bayan yakin ba." Ya musanta cewa kungiyar, wacce ya bayyana ba Wahabiyawa ba, tana da alaka da Al-Qaeda . Ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ƙungiyar ba ta sami kuɗi daga ƙasashen waje ba, amma ana tallafa mata ne "daga mutane masu daraja da nagarta a ƙasar nan." Ya ce Jaysh Muhammad ya yi adawa da Majalisar Mulkin Iraki saboda ba a zabe ta ba, kuma tunda yawancin membobin Majalisar sun yi hijira. “Ba su fahimci wahalar Iraki da al’adun Larabawa ba. [Sun] sun gurbata da rayuwar Yammacin da suka rayu, ”in ji shi. Ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ƙungiyarsa tana da alaƙa da wata ƙungiyar siyasa ta Islama, amma ya ƙi bayyana ko wace jam'iyya ce, sai dai kawai ya ce ba ita ce Jam'iyyar Musulunci ta Iraki ba . Yayin da ya musanta cewa kungiyar ta kai hari kan jami'an 'yan sandan Iraki, ya amince da sace' yan kasashen waje, yana mai cewa "yin garkuwa wajibi ne." Ya kuma ce: “Babu ainihin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Yana da wani shiri gaba daya sarrafawa da United States, kuma ta shawarwari ko da yaushe bauta bukatun {asar Amirka. "
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004 lokacin Operation Phantom Fury, Amurka ta kai wa Fallujah farmaki mai yawa tare da kame Moayad Ahmed Yasseen, shugaban Jaysh Muhammad. Yasseen yayin da ake tsare da sojojin hadin gwiwa ya furta neman taimako daga gwamnatin Iran da kuma tuntubar jami'an leken asirin Iran. Yasseen tsohon Kanal ne a rundunar Saddam Hussein. Yaseen ya ci gaba da cewa jami'an Iran na jihohi sun ba da kuɗi, makamai "kuma kamar yadda na sani har da bam ɗin mota" ga ƙungiyar. Ya ce daga cikin jami'an da suka hadu da su a Iran har da babban shugabanta Ali Khamenei . Ya kuma kara da cewa ya sami izini daga Saddam Hussein, kafin kama shi, don neman kudi da makamai daga gwamnatin Syria, bai bayyana ko an biya wannan bukatar ba. Stratfor duk da haka ya ba da rahoton cewa har yanzu ba a samar da wata hujja da ta sa Hussaini ya sa ido kan yanke shawara na dabaru don, ko bayar da kuɗaɗe ga duk wata ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye. Bugu da kari, Jeish Muhammad a cikin wata sanarwa ga Cibiyar Basra ya musanta cewa Yassen ya taba zama babban kwamanda a cikin kungiyar, kamar yadda kafafen yada labarai ke ikirari.
Abun da ke ciki
Ana raɗe -raɗin cewa Jaysh Muhammad reshen soja ne na Jam'iyyar Socialist Ba'th Party (ASBP). An ce an kafa kungiyar ne a shekara ta 2003 da wasu gungun masu tayar da kayar baya a Diyala yayin wani taro tsakanin wakilai daga garuruwan Ramadi, Fallujah, Samarra da Baquba.
Sanannen brigades na Jaysh Muhammad:
Al-husayn Brigade
Brigadiyyar Al-Abbas
Islamic Jihad Brigade
Abdallah Bin-Jahsh Bin-Rikab al-Asadi Brigade
Walid Bin al-Mughirah Brigade
Umar al-Faruq Brigade
Al-Mahdi al-Muntazir
Duba kuma
al-Abud Network
Yakin Iraki
Yakin Fallujah na Biyu
Fedayeen Saddam
Manazarta
Hanyoyin waje
Tsaro na Duniya - Jaysh Muhammad
Tsaro
Tsari |
6645 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehu%20Shagari | Shehu Shagari | Shehu Shagari dan siyasan Nijeriya ne. (An haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 1925) a garin Shagari, Arewacin Najeriya (a yau jihar Sokoto), Ya kuma rasu ne a ranar 28 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake Abuja. Ya rasu yana dan shekara 93 da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama shugaban kasar Najeriya a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif da dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin Muhammadu Buhari. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko. Olusegun Obasanjo ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga Muhammadu Buhari ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.
Tarihi
Tarihi ya nuna cewa shehu shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan shehu shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki daya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekarar ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Hakazalika tarihi ya nuna cewa shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a Shifawa, inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada iggi a matsayin magajin shagari watau shugaban garin Shagari (Najeriya). Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin shagari da ganuwa. Daga nan garin shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci.
Bayan Turawa sun kama sokoto, sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa sukazo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya, a shekara ta 1914 aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma tarihi ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba.
Tarihi ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan Sha’aban (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925.(p14) Mahaifiyar Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban. Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga Uthman Ibn Affan sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Hausawa kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa.
Rayuwa da Ilimi
Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da sultan muhammadu Tambari (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. (p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai. (p17
Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin addini kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da ilimi a ƙauyensa. (p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar.
Siyasa
A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna.
A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai.
An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya.
A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema).
Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas.
Ayyukan Cigaba
Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da:
Ministry of steel develpment
Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982
Steel rolling mills katsina
Steel rolling mills oshogbo
Steel rolling mills jos.
Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980
National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981
Stey motors bauchi
Leyland Ibadan
Private assembley company Illorin, Onitsha, Gusau, Benin & Porthercourt.
Bibliyo
Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). ISBN 978-129-932-0. OCLC 50042754.
Manazarta
Ƴan siyasan Najeriya
Mutanen Najeriya
Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya
Fulani |
50607 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaine%20Brooks | Romaine Brooks | Romaine Brooks (an haife shi Beatrice Romaine Goddard ;1ga Mayu 1874 - Disamba 7,1970) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ne wanda ya yi aiki galibi a Paris da Capri . Ta kware a hoto kuma ta yi amfani da palette mai jujjuyawar tonal mai maɓalli ga launin toka.Brooks ta yi watsi da yanayin fasaha na zamani kamar Cubism da Fauvism,tana zana a kan kayan ado na asali da aka yi wahayi daga ayyukan Charles Conder,Walter Sickert,da James McNeill Whistler. Batutuwan nata sun kasance tun daga nau'ikan da ba a san sunansu ba zuwa masu taken aristocrats.An fi saninta da hotunanta na mata a cikin suturar maza ko kuma na maza,gami da hoton kanta na 1923,wanda shine aikinta da aka sake bugawa.
Ko da yake danginta suna da wadata, Brooks yana da ƙuruciyar rashin jin daɗi bayan mahaifinta mai shan giya ya watsar da iyali;Mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai raɗaɗi kuma ɗan uwanta yana da tabin hankali.Ta hanyar nata,yarinta ya sanya inuwa a duk rayuwarta.Ta yi shekaru da yawa a Italiya da Faransa a matsayin dalibin fasaha mara kyau,sannan ta gaji wani arziki bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta a 1902.Dukiya ta ba ta 'yancin zabar abin da ta ke so.Sau da yawa ta zana mutanen da ke kusa da ita, irin su marubucin Italiyanci kuma ɗan siyasa Gabriele D'Annunzio,dan wasan Rasha Ida Rubinstein,da abokin tarayya fiye da shekaru 50,marubuci Natalie Barney .
Ko da yake ta rayu har zuwa 1970,an yi kuskuren yarda cewa ta yi fenti kadan bayan 1925 duk da shaidar da akasin haka. Ta yi jerin zane-zane a cikin shekarun 1930s,ta yin amfani da dabarun "marasa riga-kafi" da ke gaban zane ta atomatik.Ta shafe lokaci a birnin New York a tsakiyar 1930s,tana kammala hotunan Carl Van Vechten da Muriel Draper.Yawancin ayyukanta ba a san su ba,amma hotunan hotuna sun tabbatar da aikinta na ci gaba.Ana tsammanin ya ƙare a cikin hotonta na 1961 na Duke Uberto Strozzi .
Rayuwa da aiki
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Beatrice Romaine Goddard a Roma,ƙaramar 'ya'ya uku na hamshaƙin Ba'amurke Ella (Waterman) Goddard mai arziki da mijinta Manjo Henry Goddard wanda shi ma Ba'amurke ne. Kakanta na wajen uwa shine hamshakin attajiri Isaac S. Waterman Jr.Iyayenta sun rabu tun tana karama,kuma mahaifinta ya watsar da iyali.Beatrice ta girma ne a New York ta mahaifiyarta marar natsuwa,wacce ta zage ta a zuciya yayin da take yiwa dan uwanta mai tabin hankali, St.Mar. A cewar wata majiya,Goddard dole ne ya kula da St.Mar,saboda ya kai hari ga duk wanda ya zo kusa da shi.A cewar tarihinta,lokacin da take shekara bakwai,mahaifiyarta ta reno ta zuwa wani dangi matalauta da ke zaune a gidan haya a birnin New York,sannan ta bace ta daina biyan kudaden da aka amince.Iyalin sun ci gaba da kula da Beatrice,ko da yake sun ƙara shiga cikin talauci.Bata fad'a musu inda kakanta yake ba saboda tsoron kar a mayar da ita wurin mahaifiyarta. yi rikodin cewa ta halarci makarantar 'yan mata a New Jersey,gidan zuhudu na Italiya da kuma makarantar kammala Swiss.
Bayan dangin reno sun gano kakanta,ya shirya aika Beatrice don yin karatu na shekaru da yawa a St.Mary's Hall (yanzu Doane Academy ) makarantar 'yan mata ta Episcopal a Burlington, New Jersey.Daga baya, ta halarci makarantar zuhudu,tsakanin lokutan da ta kasance tare da mahaifiyarta, wanda ke tafiya a Turai akai-akai,ko da yake damuwa na tafiya ya sa St.Mar da wuya a iya sarrafawa. A lokacin girma,Goddard Brooks ya ambaci kanta a matsayin "yar-shahidi". |
4662 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Ashcroft | Jimmy Ashcroft | Jimmy Ashcroft (an haife shi a shekara ta 1878 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1943) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
Mutuwan 1943
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
15694 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyeronke%20Oyewumi | Oyeronke Oyewumi | Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyèwùmí masanar ilimin jinsi ce na Nijeriya kuma cikakkiyar farfesa ce na ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Stony Brook . Ta yi digirinta na farko a Jami’ar Ibadan da ke Ibadan, Najeriya sannan ta ci gaba da karatun digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar dan Adam a Jami’ar California, Berkeley
Aikin da Oyewumi ta yi ya kasance wani bangare na Afirka wanda har yanzu ba a bayyana shi sosai ba a makarantun kimiyya. Mafi yawan karatunta na karatu da rubutu ta yi amfani da kwarewar Afirka don haskaka tambayoyin madogara game da fannoni da dama da suka hada da ilimin zamantakewar al'umma, kimiyyar siyasa, karatun mata, addini, tarihi, da adabi, duk a kokarin fadada fahimtar malamai don hada da wadanda ba Al’adun yamma. A cikin dukkan ayyukanta, Oyeronke Oyewumi na ƙoƙari don samar da cikakkiyar fahimta game da waɗannan al'ummomin, don haka guje wa hanyoyin ragewa.
A cikin tarihinta na 1997, Kirkirar Mata: Yin Hankalin Afirka game da Jawabin Yammacin Yammacin Jima'i, tana ba da bayanan mata masu mulkin mallaka game da mamayar Turawan Yamma a cikin karatun Afirka . Ta kuma bayyana cewa duk da yawan bincike na ilimi da ke ikirarin akasin haka, tozarta jinsi a al'adun Yarbawa gabaɗaya gadon mulkin mallaka ne. Littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Socungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Americanasa ta Amurka ta 1998 a cikin 1998an Jinsi da Jima'i.
Kirkirar Mata
A cikin ventionirƙirar Mata, Oyewumi ta gabatar da bambancin bambancin jinsi na Yarbawa a matsayin tsarin mulkin mallaka na Yamma. Ta hanyar wannan sake fasalin, ta gabatar da wata hanya ta daban ta fahimtar al'adun Yamma da Yarbanci.
Ta fara ne da sanya sunan kayyadadden ilimin halitta a matsayin babban tushen fahimtar Yammacin jinsi. Wannan ra'ayin cewa bambance-bambancen nazarin halittu suna aiki a matsayin ƙa'idar tsara al'ummomi ita ce falsafar Yammacin Turai wacce ba ta canjawa zuwa al'ummomin Yarbawa waɗanda ba sa amfani da jiki a matsayin tushen kowane matsayi na zamantakewa. Duk da haka, Oyewumi yayi bayanin yadda cibiyoyin mulkin mallaka suka hau kan gabatar da wannan fahimtar ilimin halittar jinsi akan Yarbawa. Bugu da ƙari, tana magance rikice-rikice a cikin ka'idar mata waɗanda ke tabbatar da jinsi a matsayin zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma da ƙaddamar da mata azaman duniya. Oyewumi yayi jayayya da akasin cewa ba a taɓa gina jinsi a cikin zamantakewar Yarbawa ba kuma shekarun dangi shine babban tsarin ƙa'idodi. 'Idan wani abu, aikina shine babban hujja game da gaskiyar cewa lallai an gina jinsin jama'a. Bai zo daga sama ba, bai fito daga ɗabi'a ba, akwai waɗannan rukunoni waɗanda aka kirkira, tarihi da al'adu. Abin da aikina ke yi shi ne tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa an gina jinsin jama'a '. A cewar wata marubuciya 'yar Najeriya Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, yayin da aikin Oyewumi ya kalubalanci nuna bambancin jinsi a matsayin shigo da Yammacin Turai, sakamakon da ta yanke ya dogara ne akan gurbataccen tunani na kayyade harshe. Oyewumi ya dogara da ƙarancin maganganu na nuna jinsi da kuma kasancewar yawan bayyana shekaru a cikin yaren Yarbanci don tabbatar da cewa waɗannan ƙididdigar sun saba da wannan kuma baƙon abu ga wannan al'umma. Koyaya, Bakare-Yusuf yayi jayayya cewa barazanar fassarar yana aiki duka hanyoyi biyu. Kamar yadda akwai ƙananan tsarin jinsi tsakanin Yarabawa, za'a iya samun ƙananan tsarin tsufa a al'adun Yammacin Turai. Aikin Oyewumi ya kamata ya zama suna ne na takamaiman tsarin al'ada amma ba a matsayin shaidar cewa waɗannan tsarin ba za a iya musayar su da fassara su ba.
Ayyuka
Oyèwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́ (1997). Inirƙirar Mata: Yin anaunar Afirka game da Tattaunawar Yammacin Yammaci . Minneapolis: Jami'ar Minnesota Press. ISBN Oyèwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́ (1997). Oyèwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́ (1997).
Littattafai
Epistemologies na Jinsi a Afirka: Hadisai na Jinsi, Gidaje, Cibiyoyin Tattalin Arziki da Shaida (edited), Palgrave (2011)
Karatun Nazarin Jinsi na Afirka (an gyara), Palgrave: New York (2005).
Matan Afirka da Feminism: Tunani kan Siyasar 'Yan Uwa (an shirya), Afirka ta Duniya Press, Trenton: New Jersey (2003).
Inirƙirar Mata: Yin tunanin Afirka game da Jawabin Yammacin Jima'i, Jami'ar Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Zumunci da Lambobin yabo
1998 Rarraba Kyautar Littattafai a cikin Bangaren Jinsi da Jima'i na Socungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Amurka
Finalarshe na 1998 don Herskovitts Kyautar Studiesungiyar Nazarin Afirka.
2003-4 Rockefeller 'Yan Adam
Wanda ya sami tallafin gidauniyar Ford
Manazarta
Mata
Ƴan Najeriya |
29998 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C6%99%C6%99in%20magada | Haƙƙin magada | Odar magada ko hakkin magaji sh ine layin mutanen da suke da hakkin su rike wani babban mukami idan ya sauka kamar shugaban kasa ko girma kamar muƙami . Ana iya tsara wannan jeri ta hanyar zuriya ko ta ƙa'ida.
Tsarin gwamnati na gado ya bambanta da gwamnatin da aka zaɓa . Tsarin da aka kafa na magaji shine hanyar da aka saba kaiwa ga mukamai na gado, kuma yana ba da cigaba nan da nan bayan guraben da ba za a yi tsammani ba a lokuta da aka zaɓi masu rike da mukamai ta hanyar zaɓe : ofishin ba dole ba ne ya kasance a sarari har sai an zaɓi wanda zai gaje shi. A wasu lokuta magajin ya dauki cikakken aikin wanda ya gabata, kamar yadda yake a cikin shugabancin kasashe da yawa; a wasu lokuta da ba na gado ba babu cikakken gado, amma mai rikon da aka zaɓa ta hanyar ma'auni na gado yana ɗaukar wasu ko duk wani nauyi, to amman ba ofishi na yau da kullum kullun ba, na matsayin. Misali, lokacin da mukamin shugaban kasar Indiya ya zama babu kowa, mataimakin shugaban kasar Indiya yana gudanar da muhimman ayyuka na shugaban kasa har sai an zabi wanda zai gaje shi; Sabanin haka, lokacin da mukamin shugaban ƙasar Philippines ba shi da kowa, mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Philippines gaba daya ya karbi shugabancin da kansa na sauran wa'adin.
Ƙungiyoyin da ba su da tsarin gado ko na wata ka'ida na buƙatar tsarin maye idan ana son a guje wa gwagwarmayar wutar lantarki ta hanyar rashin wutar lantarki .
Bayanin
A lokuta da dama ba a raba gadon gadon gado, ofis ko makamancin haka, watau wanda ya gabata ya daina rike wannan mukami da dai sauransu, mutum daya ne ya gada. Mukamai da ofisoshi da yawa ba na gado ba ne (kamar ofisoshin mulkin dimokuradiyya) kuma suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi daban-daban na gado.
Layin gado yana iya iyakance ga magada na jiki, ko kuma yana iya wucewa zuwa layukan lamuni, idan babu magada na jiki, ya danganta da ƙa'idodin gada. Ana kuma amfani da waɗannan ra'ayoyin a cikin dokar gadon a Ingilishi.
Dokokin na iya yin ƙayyadaddun cewa magada masu cancanta su ne magada maza ko magada gabaɗaya - duba ƙarin primogeniture (agnatic, cognatic, da kuma dai-dai).
Wasu nau'ikan kadarorin suna wucewa zuwa zuriya ko dangi na ainihin majiɓinci, mai karɓa ko wanda aka bayar bisa ƙayyadadden tsari na dangi . Bayan mutuwar wanda aka bayar, gadon da aka keɓance kamar ɗan'uwa, ko masarauta, ya wuce kai tsaye zuwa ga waccan mai rai, halal, dangi mara riko na wanda aka ba da wanda ya fi girma a zuriya (watau mafi girma a cikin layin magaji, ba tare da la'akari da shi ba. shekaru); sannan kuma a ci gaba da mika wa magada na gaba na wanda aka bayar, bisa ga ka’idoji guda, bayan mutuwar kowane magaji na gaba.
Duk mutumin da ya ci gado bisa ga waɗannan ka'idoji ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin magaji a dokar wanda aka ba shi kuma gadon ba zai iya kaiwa ga wanda ba na halitta ba, halayya ko dangi na wanda aka ba shi.
’Yan’uwan juna, waɗanda suka yi tarayya da wasu ko duka zuriyar wanda aka ba da kyauta, amma ba su kai tsaye daga wanda aka ba su ba, za su iya gado idan babu wata iyaka ga “magada na jiki”.
Akwai wasu nau'o'in ka'idojin gado idan za a iya raba gadon: masu rabon gado da gadon rabo .
Sarauta da masu martaba
A cikin masarautu na gado tsarin gado yana ƙayyade wanda zai zama sabon sarki lokacin da mai mulki ya mutu ko kuma ya bar gadon sarauta. Irin waɗannan umarni na gado, waɗanda suka samo asali daga ƙa'idodin da doka ko al'ada suka kafa, yawanci suna ƙayyadaddun tsari na girma, wanda aka yi amfani da su don nuna ko wane dangin sarki da ya gabata, ko wani mutum, wanda ya fi ƙarfin da'awar ya hau kan karagar mulki lokacin da mukami ya zo masa.
Sau da yawa, layin magaji yana iyakance ga mutane na jini na sarauta (amma duba auren morganatic ), wato, ga waɗanda aka amince da su bisa doka a matsayin waɗanda aka haifa a cikin ko Kuma a zuriyarsu daga daular mulki ko kuma wani sarki da ya gabata. Mutanen da za su ci sarautar ana kiransu da suna “ daular ”. Kundin tsarin mulki, dokoki, dokokin gida, da ƙa'idodi na iya tsara tsari da cancantar waɗanda za su gaje gadon sarauta.
A tarihance za'aga, wani lokaci ana maye gurbin tsarin gado ko kuma an ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar nadin wani zaɓaɓɓen magaji a matsayin babban masarautu a lokacin rayuwar sarki. Misalai sune Henry the Young King da kuma magadan zaɓaɓɓun masarautu, kamar amfani da taken Sarkin Romawa ga sarakunan Habsburg . A cikin tsarin zaɓi na ɗan takara na tanistry, an zaɓi magaji ko tanist daga ƙwararrun maza na dangin sarauta. Masarautu daban-daban suna amfani da ka'idoji daban-daban don tantance layin gado.
Sarakunan gado sun yi amfani da hanyoyi da dabaru iri-iri don samun tsari na gado tsakanin masu neman takara da suka shafi jini ko aure. Fa'idar yin amfani da irin waɗannan ka'idoji shine cewa daular za su iya, tun daga farkon matasa, su sami adon ado, ilimi, kariya, albarkatu da masu riƙewa da suka dace da martaba da nauyin da kuma ke cikin gaba da ke da alaƙa da rawanin wata ƙasa ko al'umma. Irin waɗannan tsare-tsare kuma na iya haɓaka kwanciyar hankali ta siyasa ta hanyar kafa fayyace, tsammanin jama'a game da jerin masu mulki, mai yuwuwar rage gasa da shigar da ƴan makaranta cikin wasu ayyuka ko hidindimu.
Wasu masarautu na gado sun sami tsarin zaɓi na musamman, musamman bayan hawan sabuwar daular. Daular Faransa ta kafa mazaje na farko a cikin zuriyar Napoleon I, to amma gazawar batun maza tsarin mulki ya baiwa sarakuna damar zabar wanda zai bi su a kan karagar mulki. An sanya Masarautar Italiya a matsayin mai ba da izini ga ɗan Napoleon I Bonaparte na biyu mai rai amma, rashin haka, an tanada wa ɗan sarki Eugène de Beauharnais, don yin nasara, kodayake ƙarshen ba shi da alaƙar jini da gidan Bonaparte . Sarautar Serbia ta gado ce ta asali ga zuriyar maza a cikin zuriyar Yarima Alexander I, amma bayan ƙarewar wannan layin, sarki mai mulki zai iya zaɓar kowane daga cikin danginsa maza na Gidan Karađorđević . A Romania, a daya hannun, a kan bacewar layin maza ya fito daga Carol I na Romania, tsarin mulki ya nuna cewa layin namiji na ɗan'uwansa, Leopold, Yariman Hohenzollern, zai gaji kursiyin kuma, rashin nasarar sauran batutuwan layin maza. Wannan dangin, sarkin daular Romania ne za a zaɓe yarima na daular “Yammacin Turai”. Akasin haka, tsofaffin masarautun Turai sun kasance sun dogara da ka'idojin maye gurbin da kawai ake kira ga karagar zuriyar sarakunan da suka gabata bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka samo asali daga ɗaya ko wani tsarin dokoki ko al'adu su.
Gado na tsaye
A cikin gadon, an ƙayyade magada ta atomatik ta wasu ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodin da aka riga aka ayyana. Ana iya ƙara rarraba shi zuwa hanyoyi a kwance da kuma a tsaye, tsoffin ƴan'uwan da ke son juna, yayin da a tsaye ke fifita 'ya'ya da jikoki na mai riƙe.
Farko
A cikin primogeniture (ko fiye da ainihin mazaje na farko), babban ɗan sarki da zuriyarsa suna kan gaba a kan ƴan uwansa da zuriyarsu. Manyan 'ya'ya maza suna kan gaba a kan 'ya'ya maza, amma dukan 'ya'ya maza sun fi 'ya'ya mata. Yara suna wakiltar kakanninsu da suka rasu, kuma manyan zuriyar su koyaushe suna kan gaba a kan ƙaramin layi, a cikin kowane jinsi. Haƙƙin magaji na babban ɗan sarki ne (duba magaji ), kuma kusa da babban ɗan babban ɗa. Wannan shine tsarin a Spain da Monaco, kuma shine tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙasashen Commonwealth ga waɗanda aka haifa kafin shekarata 2011.
Fiefs ko lakabin da aka ba da "a cikin jetsiya gabaɗaya" ko kuma ga "magada gabaɗaya" suna bin wannan tsarin don 'ya'ya maza, amma ana ɗaukar 'ya'ya mata daidai da magada juna, aƙalla a cikin aikin Burtaniya na baya-bayan nan. Wannan na iya haifar da yanayin da aka sani da abeyance . To A cikin tsakiyar zamanai, ainihin aiki ya kuma bambanta da al'adar gida. Yayin da mata za su iya gadon mazaje, mazajensu ( jure uxoris ) ko 'ya'yansu ( jure matris ) ne ke amfani da iko.
Cikakken cognatic primogeniture
Cikakken primogeniture wata doka ce wadda babban ɗan sarki zai gaji gadon sarauta, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, kuma mata (da zuriyarsu) suna da haƙƙin maye kamar na maza. Wannan shine tsarin a halin yanzu a Sweden ( tun a shekarata 1980 ), Netherlands ( tun a shekarata 1983 ), Norway ( tun a shekarata 1990 ), Belgium ( tun Shekarar 1991 ), Denmark ( tun 2009 ), Luxembourg ( tun shekarata 2011 ), da kuma a cikin Ƙasar Ingila da Ƙasar Commonwealth ( tun shekarata 2013 ).
Agnatic-cognatic maye
Magajin Agnatic-Cognatic (ko Semi-Salic), wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin Turai tun zamanin da, shine ƙuntatawa ga waɗanda suka fito daga ko kuma suna da alaƙa da wani sarki na baya ko na yanzu kawai ta hanyar zuriyar maza : zuriya ta hanyar mata ba su cancanta ba. don a gaji sai dai idan babu wani mazan da ya rage daga zuriyarsu .
A cikin wannan nau'i na gado, ana ba da gado da farko ga dukan maza na zuriyar daular da suka cancanta bisa ga tsari na farko, sa'an nan kuma idan zuriyar maza ta ƙare gaba ɗaya ga mace daga cikin daular. Sarauta daya tilo da ta yi aiki a karkashin dokar Semi-Salic har zuwa kwanan nan ita ce Luxembourg, wacce ta canza zuwa cikakkiyar matsayi a cikin shekarata 2011. Tsofaffin masarautun da suka yi aiki a ƙarƙashin dokar salin-arki sun haɗa da Austria (daga baya Austria-Hungary ), Bavaria, Hanover, Württemberg, Rasha, Saxony, Tuscany, da Masarautar Sicilies Biyu .
Idan zuriyar mace ta hau gadon sarauta, ba lallai ba ne ta zama babbar magaji ta farko, amma yawanci dangi mafi kusanci ga sarki namiji na ƙarshe na daular ta kusancin jini . Misalai su ne magajin Kirista I na Denmark ga Schleswig-Holstein, Maria Theresa ta Ostiriya (ko da yake an tabbatar da haƙƙinta a ƙarshe sakamakon nasarar da ta samu a Yaƙin Nasarar Austrian da aka ƙaddamar da hawanta), Marie-Adelaide da Charlotte na Luxembourg., Anne na Brittany, da kuma Kirista na IX na Danmark a matsayi Na hakkin matarsa, Louise na Hesse .
Magajin Matrilineal
Wasu al'adu sun wuce daraja ta layin mata. Dukiyar mutum da matsayinsa 'ya'yan 'yar uwarsa ne suke gadarsu, 'ya'yansa kuma suna karbar gadonsu daga wajen kawunsu na uwa.
A Kerala, kudancin Indiya, ana kiran wannan al'ada da Marumakkathyam . Sarakunan Nair ne da iyalan gidan sarauta suke yi. Maharajah na Travancore saboda haka ɗan 'yar uwarsa ne ya gaje shi, kuma ɗan nasa yana samun lakabi na ladabi amma ba shi da wuri a cikin layin magaji. Tun da Independence na Indiya da zartar da ayyuka da yawa kamar Dokar Nasara ta Hindu shekarata (1956), wannan nau'i na gado ba a iya gane shi ta hanyar doka. Ko da kuwa, mai yin riya ga kursiyin Travancore har yanzu ana ƙaddara ta maye gurbin matrilinear.
Akans na Ghana da Ivory Coast, Afirka ta Yamma suna da irin wannan gado na matrilineal kuma kamar yadda Otumfour Osei-Tutu II, Asantehene ya gaji Golden Stool ( kursiyin ) ta wurin mahaifiyarsa ( Asantehemaa ) Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem II .
Dokar Salic
Dokar Salic, ko maye gurbin agnatic, ta iyakance yawan magada ga maza na zuriyarsu, kuma gaba ɗaya ta ware matan daular da zuriyarsu daga magaji. Dokar Salic ta shafi tsoffin gidajen sarauta ko na sarauta na Albaniya, Faransa, Italiya, Romania, Yugoslavia, da Prussia / Daular Jamus . To A halin yanzu ya shafi gidan Liechtenstein, da kuma Chrysanthemum Throne na Japan .
A cikin shekarar 1830 a Spain tambayar ko dokar Salic ta yi aiki ko a'a - don haka, ko Ferdinand VII ya kamata 'yarsa Isabella ta bi shi ko kuma ɗan'uwansa Charles - ya haifar da jerin yaƙe-yaƙe na basasa da kafa daular kishiya mai ƙiyayya wanda har yanzu akwai.
Gabaɗaya, masarautun gado waɗanda ke aiki ƙarƙashin dokar Salic suma suna amfani da primogeniture tsakanin zuriyar maza a cikin layin maza don tantance magajin da ya cancanta, kodayake a cikin tarihi na farko agnatic babba ya saba da na farko. Fiefs da lakabin da aka ba "a namiji wutsiya " to Amman ko ga "majiyin magadan" suna bin wannan tsari na farko na gado. (Wadanda aka ba wa "magada maza na jiki" an iyakance su ne ga zuriyar maza na wanda aka ba da kyauta; waɗanda zuwa "magada janar na maza" za a iya gadonsu, bayan bacewar zuriyar mazan da aka ba da kyauta, ta hanyar jinsin maza. zuriyar mahaifinsa, kakansa na uba, da sauransu. )
Ultogeniture
Ultimogeniture tsari ne na maye inda batun ya gaje shi da ƙaramin ɗa (ko ƙaramin yaro). Duk Wannan yana hidimar yanayin da ƙaramin ke "kiyaye murhu", kula da iyaye da ci gaba a gida, yayin da manyan yara sun sami lokacin yin nasara "fita a cikin duniya" da kuma azurta kansu.
kusancin jini
Kusancin jini wani tsari ne wanda mafi kusancin dangi da mai mulki ke samun nasara, yana fifita maza fiye da mata da babba akan kanne. Ana amfani da wannan wani lokaci azaman mai sheki don maye gurbin "pragmatic" a Turai; yana da ɗan ƙara tsayawa a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya ko'ina cikin Turai. A cikin Outremer an yi amfani da shi sau da yawa don zaɓar masu mulki, kuma ya kasance a cikin wasu rigingimu na gado game da Mulkin Urushalima . Kuma An kuma gane shi a cikin wannan masarauta don maye gurbin fiefs, a cikin yanayi na musamman: idan fief ya ɓace ga Saracens kuma daga baya aka sake cin nasara, za a ba da shi ga magaji a kusancin jinin na ƙarshe.
Gado mai rabo
A wasu al'ummomi, an gaji sarauta ko na fiffike ta hanyar da duk wanda yake da hakkin ya sami rabo daga cikinsa. To Amman Fitattun misalan wannan ɗabi'a su ne rarrabuwar kawuna na Daular Faransa a ƙarƙashin daular Merovingian da Carolingian, da makamantansu Gavelkind a cikin Tsibirin Biritaniya.
Gadon kwance
babba
A cikin manyan mukamai, dangin sarki ko mai rike da sarauta na gaba (kusan ko da yaushe ɗan'uwa), yana yin nasara; ba 'ya'yansa ba. To Kuma, idan gidan sarauta ya fi yawa, ’yan uwan (maza) da sauransu sun yi nasara, bisa ga girman girma, wanda zai iya dogara da ainihin shekaru ko kuma ga girma tsakanin ubanninsu.
Rota tsarin
The rota tsarin, daga Old Church Slavic kalmar for "tsani" ko "matakin hawa", wani tsarin jingina gada yi (ko da yake ba daidai ba) a Kievan Rus ' da kuma daga baya Appanage da farkon Muscovite Rasha.
A cikin wannan tsarin sarautar ba ta layi ba daga uba zuwa ɗa, amma daga baya daga ɗan'uwa zuwa ɗan'uwa sannan Kuma zuwa ga babban ɗan babban ɗan'uwa wanda ya rike sarauta. Yaroslav mai hikima ne ya fara tsarin, wanda ya ba wa kowane ɗayan 'ya'yansa mazauni bisa ga girma. Lokacin da Grand Prince ya kuma mutu, babban yarima na gaba ya koma Kiev kuma duk sauran sun koma babban sarki kusa da tsani.
Zaɓaɓɓen magaji
Nadawa, zaɓe, ɗan takara, da juyawa
Ana iya shirya odar magaji ta hanyar alƙawari: ko dai sarkin da ke kan gado ko kuma wata hukumar zaɓe ta nada magaji ko jerin sunayen magada kafin a samu gurbi. Masarautar na iya zama zaɓaɓɓu gabaɗaya, kodayake ta hanyar da za a zaɓi wanda zai gaje shi ne bayan ya zama Na fanko.
A cikin tarihi, sau da yawa, amma ba koyaushe ba, alƙawura da zaɓe sun fi so, ko an iyakance su ga membobin wata daula ko dangi. Ana iya samun ƙa’idodin zuriyarsu don sanin duk waɗanda suke da hakkin yin nasara, kuma waɗanda za a yi musu alheri. Wannan ya haifar da wani lokaci zuwa tsarin maye wanda ke daidaita rassan daular ta hanyar juyawa.
A halin yanzu yana aiki, tare da bambance-bambance, ga Mai Tsarki See, Malaysia, Cambodia, Kuwait, UAE, Andorra, Swaziland da Samoa . Ana kuma amfani da shi a Ife, Oyo da sauran jahohin da ke yankin Yarbawa .
Na gaba
Tsarin gado na baya ko na 'yan uwantaka yana wajabta ka'idodin girma a tsakanin 'ya'yan daular daular ko daular daular, tare da manufar zaɓe mafi cancantar ɗan takara don jagoranci. An zabi shugabannin a matsayin dattawan da suka fi balaga a dangi, wadanda suka riga sun mallaki karfin soja da cancantar. An fi son gadon 'yan'uwa don tabbatar da cewa shugabanni balagagge sun jagoranci, cire buƙatar masu mulki. Tsarin gado na gefe yana iya ko ba zai iya cire zuriyar maza a cikin layin mata daga magajiya ba. A aikace, lokacin da babu wani magajin da ya balaga, Kuma yawanci ana tantance magajin mace "a zahiri", ta kusanci da sarki na ƙarshe, kamar Boariks na Caucasian Huns ko Tamiris na Massagetes a Asiya ta Tsakiya an zaɓi. Gabaɗaya ana zaɓen sarki na gefe bayan sarautar shugabanci ta zama fanko. A farkon shekarun daular Mongol, mutuwar sarakunan da ke mulki, Genghis Khan da Ögedei Khan, nan da nan ya dakatar da yakin yammacin Mongols saboda zabuka masu zuwa.
A gabashin Asiya, an fara rubuta tsarin gadon bayan fage ne tun kafin tarihi ya fara da Wai Bing na daular Shang wanda ya gaji dan uwansa Da Ding, sannan kuma dangane da mamayar da Zhou na Shang ya yi, lokacin da Wu Ding ya yi nasara. Dan uwansa Zu Geng ya gaje shi a shekara ta 1189 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, sannan wani dan'uwansa Zu Jia ya gaje shi a shekara ta shekarar 1178 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.
Wani koma baya na gajeriyar hanya ita ce, yayin da ake tabbatar da mafi cancantar jagoranci a halin yanzu, tsarin ya haifar da rugujewar layukan sarauta waɗanda ba su cancanci a maye gurbinsu ba. Duk wani magajin da ya cancanta wanda bai yi tsayin daka ba har ya hau kan karagar mulki, an jefar da shi a gefe kamar yadda bai cancanta ba, yana haifar da tafki na masu riya da rashin gamsuwa da ake kira Tegin a cikin Turkic da Izgoi a cikin layin daular Rus. Rikicin da ba a daidaita ba na sarakunan da ba a san shi ba zai kawo cikas ga tsarin gado da rugujewar jihar.
Rikicin nasara
Sa’ad da sarki ya mutu ba tare da bayyanannen magaji ba, ana samun rikicin magaji sau da yawa, wanda yakan haifar da yaƙin gado . Alal misali, sa’ad da Sarki Charles na huɗu na Faransa ya mutu, yaƙin shekara ɗari ya barke tsakanin ɗan’uwan Charles, Philip VI na Faransa, da ɗan’uwan Charles, Edward III na Ingila, don sanin wanda zai gaji Charles a matsayin Sarkin Faransa . Kuma Inda layin magaji ya tabbata, wani lokaci yakan faru cewa mai yin riya mai rauni ko da'awar amma soji ko na siyasa ya kwace mulki.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan masu bincike sun sami alaƙa mai mahimmanci tsakanin nau'ikan ƙa'idodin da ke tafiyar da gado a cikin masarautu da mulkin kama-karya da kuma yawaitar juyin mulki ko rikicin maye.
Addini
A cikin addinin Buddha na Tibet, an yi imanin cewa masu rike da wasu manyan ofisoshi irin su Dalai Lama sune reincarnations na mai ci: tsari na gado shi ne kawai cewa mai ci yana biye da sake reincarnation na kansa. Lokacin da mai mulki ya mutu, ana neman magajinsa a cikin jama'a ta hanyar wasu sharuɗɗa da aka yi la'akari da su don nuna cewa an sami Dalai Lama mai reincarnated, wani tsari wanda yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru biyu zuwa hudu don nemo yaron.
A cikin Cocin Katolika, an tsara hanyoyin da za a bi game da matsayin Paparoma ko bishop .
Jamhuriya
A cikin jumhuriya, buƙatar tabbatar da ci gaba da ayyuka a kowane lokaci ya haifar da yawancin ofisoshi suna samun tsari na tsari. A cikin ƙasar da ke da ƙayyadaddun zaɓe, shugaban ƙasa (shugaban ƙasa) wani lokaci ana samun nasara bayan mutuwa ko murabus daga mataimakin shugaban kasa, kansila, ko firayim minista, sannan kuma masu rike da mukamai daban-daban na majalisar dokoki ko wasu ministocin gwamnati . To A jamhuriyoyin da dama, an yi sabon zaɓe na ɗan lokaci bayan da “shugaban kasa” ya zama babu zato ba zato ba tsammani.
A jahohi ko lardunan da ke cikin kasa, ana yawan zabar laftanar gwamna ko mataimakin gwamna don cike gurbi a ofishin gwamna.
Misalin magaji
Idan Shugaban Amurka ba zai iya yin aiki ba, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa zai karbi ragamar idan ya iya yin hidima. Idan ba haka ba, tsarin maye gurbin shine Kakakin Majalisa, Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai, Sakataren Gwamnati, da sauran jami'an majalisar ministoci kamar yadda aka jera a cikin labarin layin shugaban kasa na Amurka .
A Finland, magajin shugaban na wucin gadi shine Firayim Minista sannan kuma ministoci a cikin kwanakin da aka yi a ofis, maimakon tsarin ma'aikata. Babu mataimakin shugaban kasa, kuma dole ne a zabi sabon shugaban kasa idan shugaban ya mutu ko ya yi murabus.
A Isra'ila, magajin shugaban na wucin gadi shine kakakin majalisar Knesset (majalisar dokokin Isra'ila), tare da sabon shugaban da majalisar za ta zaba idan shugaban ya mutu ko ya yi murabus.
Duba wasu abubuwan
Layukan maye gurbin zababbun masu rike da mukamai
(Jerin da bai cika ba)
Cabinet of Mauritius § Alawus da layin gado
Governor of Oklahoma § Layin magaji
Dokar Magajin Shugaban Kasa
Sede vacante (Fafaroma Katolika da bishops)
Duba kuma labaran kan ofisoshin daban-daban (misali, President of the United States § Nasara da nakasa ).
Daban-daban
Saduwa
Baya
Ci gaba da mulki
Sarkin sarakuna
Sarauta
Gado
Jerin masarautu bisa tsari na gado
Tsarin fifiko
Haihuwar bayan mutuwa
kusancin jini
Gidan sarauta
Dokar Salic
Inuwar gwamnati (rashin gaskiya)
Tanistry
Manazarta
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
31922 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan%20Ziv | Ilan Ziv | Ilan Ziv (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950) ɗan fim ne na Isra'ila.
Rayuwar farko
Bayan yaki a yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a shekarar 1973, Ziv ya koma Amurka, inda ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar fina-finai ta Jami'ar New York.
Filmography
1983 : Yakin Shekara Dari : Bayanan sirri
1985 : Wuta a cikin Andes
1985 : Shrine Karkashin Siege
1989 : Ikon Jama'a
1993 : Tango na bayi
1994 : A Bakin Zaman Lafiya
1995 : Rawaya Wasps : Anatomy na Laifin Yaki
1996: Wurin Tsaro: Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da cin amanar Srebrenica, Azurfa Nymph da Kyautar Jury na Duniya a Bikin Talabijin na Monte Carlo na 1996
2002: Makamin Dan Adam, ambaton musamman a Prix Europa a Berlin
2004: Bala'i na Shari'a
2004: Junction , Kyautar Documentary Kyauta a Haifa International Film Festival
2006: An sace!
2007: 1967 - Kwanaki shida a watan Yuni
2008: Siyasar Yesu
2013: Ƙaura, An Gano Tatsuniya
2014 : Jari-hujja
2016: Ido don Ido
2017: Ta'addanci, Dalilin Kasa
2020 : Anti-Semitism
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
60894 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashishi | Dashishi | Dashishi abincin gargajiya ne da ke kara lafiya da kuzari tare da gina jiki, ga shi kuma da dadin gaske.
Kayan da ake bukata:
Alkama kofi 8
Mai kofi 1
Gishiri kadan
Ruwa
Yadda ake yi:
Ki sami alkama ki tsince ta sai a surfeta a cire dusar.
A wanke ta, a bari ta bushe, sai a nika a barzo ta amma kada ta yi gari sosai.
A zuba ruwa a tsame ta yadda barjin zai yi laushi idan an turara shi, sai a tsame.
A sami madanbaci a turara shi, har sai ya fara cuccurewa,
Daga nan sai a zuba mai da gishiri a juya sosai amma a sauke.
Sai a sa mai yadda zai warware, a kara mayarwa shi kan wuta.
Idan ya yi za a ji yana kamshi, sai ci.
Ana ci da miyar taushe ko miyar ganye ko duk miyar da ake so. |
17483 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate | Fate | Fate, wani abinci da ake yinsa da tsakin masara ko shinkafa da sauran su, akan sanya ganye da kabewa dan ƙara masa armashi Kuma akan Sanya yakuwa ko alayyahu, Fate yawanci yafi shahara ga mutanen Zazzau wato Zariya. akwai fatan duya da koma faten dan Kali,
Ire-iren fate
Faten wake
Faten Doya
Faten dankali
Faten tsaki da sauran su
Manazarta |
39290 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateema%20Asadi | Fateema Asadi | Fateme Asadi (Persian; 1960–1984) wata 'yar Iran ce wacce jam'iyyar Demokradiyar Kurdistan ta Iran ta azabtar da ita kuma ta kashe ta a lokacin da take kokarin ganin an sako mijinta, wanda kungiyar ke tsare da shi. Gawarta, wanda aka samo shekaru 37 daga baya a cikin 2021, an binne ta a tsaunin Chehel Cheshmeh a gundumar Divandarreh kuma an gano ta ta ha hanyar gwajin DNA. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa ita ce macen Iran ta farko da aka kashe tun bayan yakin Iran da Iraki, wadda aka gano gawar da ta bata. Kafofin yada labaran Iran sun yi mata lakabi da shahada.
Rayuwar farko da mutuwa
An haifi Fateme Asadi a cikin 1960 a kauyen Bagherabad, Divandarreh, lardin Kurdistan, Iran. Mijin Asadi ya tona rijiyoyi zuwa kauyen Hosseinabad, Sanandaj, bisa bukatar hedkwatar dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci (IRGC). Jam'iyyar Democratic Party of Iran Kurdistan (KDPI) ta zarge shi da kasancewa dan leken asiri na IRGC. An tsare shi ne a kan wannan dalili kuma mayakan sun kai shi gidan yarin Dowlatou. Mayakan sun nemi a ba su toman 200,000, wadanda Fateme Asadi ta tattara ta hanyar sayar da kayanta. Sai dai mayakan na KDPI sun tsare ta a lokacin da take mika kudin. Ta shafe wata guda a tsare inda aka gallaza mata da azabtar da ita kafin a harbe ta.
An gano gawar Fateme Asadi a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2021 yayin bincike a tsaunukan Chehel Cheshmeh a gundumar Divandarreh, Iran.
Jana'izar
An gudanar da jana'izar Asadi a hubbaren Imam Riza a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2021 da washegari a hubbaren Fatima Masumeh. An sake yi mata jana'iza a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2021, daga dandalin Azadi a Sanadaj, zuwa wurin hutawarta a Masallacin Hajar Khatoon.
Kyautatawa
An sanar da kyautatawar Fateme Asadi wanda ya kunshi mata masu fasaha a karkara a fannonin wasan kwaikwayo, sinima, zane-zane, zane-zane, kayan ado, kafet ɗin hannu, tufafi da kiɗa. Marubuta mata na karkara wadanda suka yi rubuce-rubuce ko fassara littattafai da labarai da wakoki suna iya neman wannan lambar yabo. Masu fafutukar yada labarai na yankunan karkara, mata masu kula da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na karkara, fitattun mata masu fafutuka a fannin kula da karkara, matan wasannin karkara, mata masu wa'azi da masu yada al'adun kur'ani na daga cikin sauran ginshikan wannan kyauta.
Nassoshi
Haihuwan 1960 |
56766 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas%20Guorna-Douath | Lucas Guorna-Douath | Lucas Guorna-Douath
Lucas Gourna-Douath (an haife shi 5 ga Agusta 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bundesliga ta Ostiriya Red Bull Salzburg.
Manazarta |
25237 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMC | SMC | SMC na iya nufin to:
Ƙungiyoyi
Kamfanin Karfe na Musamman, mai kera gami
San Miguel Corporation, haɗin gwiwar Philippine
Samsung Medical Center, asibiti a Koriya ta Kudu
Salmaniya Medical Complex, wani asibiti a Bahrain
SMC Corporation, kamfanin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu na Japan
Kamfanin Sadarwar Jama'a, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta Bangladesh
Suzuki Motor Corporation, wani kamfani ne na ƙasashe da yawa na Japan
Kwamfuta na Swathanthra Malayalam, ƙungiyar software a Indiya
Ƙungiyar Mountineering ta Scotland
Majalisar Musulmin Sufi, UK
Ilimi
Kwalejin St. Michael, Iligan City, Philippines
Kwalejin Santa Monica, California, Amurka
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Babban Kwalejin Soja, kowane ɗayan kwalejoji shida na Amurka waɗanda ke ba da shirye -shiryen ROTC
Kwalejin Michigan ta Kudu maso yamma, Amurka
Kwalejin Methodist ta Spartanburg, South Carolina, Amurka
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Stanley, Chennai, Indiya
Kwalejin Melville ta Stewart, Edinburgh, Scotland
Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Switzerland, jami'a ce a Switzerland
Gwamnati da siyasa
Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kimiyya, ofishin yada labarai na Burtaniya
Cibiyar Tsarin Sararin Samaniya da Makami mai linzami, umurnin bincike da bunƙasa rundunar sojan saman Amurka
Kamfanin Surat Municipal, Gujarat, India
Majalisar Soja Mai Girma (Ghana), mai mulkin Ghana daga 1975–1979
Jam'iyyar Cibiyar Zamani (Stranka modernega centra), jam'iyyar siyasa ta Slovenia
Fasaha da nishaɗi
Kiɗa
Seattle Men's Chorus, Washington, Amurka
Rikodin SMC, San Francisco, California, US
Talabijin
Shaw Multicultural Channel, tashar talabijin ta USB a Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada
Southern Media Corporation, gidan talabijin na Cantonese a Guangdong, China
Sauran nishaɗi
Asirin Maryo Tarihi, wasan bidiyo
Kimiyya da fasaha
Haɗin gyare -gyaren takarda ko haɗaɗɗen takarda, kayan polyester da aka ƙarfafa
Ƙananan Magellanic Cloud, galaxy kusa da Milky Way
Samfurin SMC (Tsarin Kula da Tsarin Chromosomes)
Ƙarin motar motsa jiki, wani ɓangare na cortex sensorimotor
Ƙwayar ƙwayar tsoka, tantanin tsokar da ba ta huce ba
Kwamfuta da lantarki
Ƙirƙirar sauti da kiɗa
Apple SMC, codec bidiyo
Amintaccen lissafin jam’iyyu da yawa, matsalar cryptography
Sequential Monte Carlo Hanyar, saitin algorithms
Sarrafa yanayin zamiya, a ka'idar sarrafawa
Mai haɗawa na SMC, ana amfani dashi a da'irar mitar rediyo
Bangaren abin hawa, a cikin kayan lantarki
.smc, tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi don hotunan Super Nintendo Entertainment System ROM
Mai Gudanar da Tsarin Tsarin, akan kwamfutocin Apple
DO-214AB, bambance-bambancen kunshin semiconductor na DO-214
Sauran amfani
Mazabar mamba daya
Yi Maganar Kamfen na Mandarin, Singapore
Babban Kalubalen Ilmin Lissafi, ga ɗaliban da United Kingdom Mathematics Trust ke gudanarwa
Stade Malherbe Caen, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa
Lambar tashar tashar tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Semarang Poncol |
60188 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungiyar%20Lauyoyin%20Uganda | Kungiyar Lauyoyin Uganda | Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Uganda ( ULS ) ƙungiyar lauyoyi ce da ke da alhakin tabbatar da manyan matakan ƙwararrun lauyoyi a Uganda .
Manufar
Sanarwar Ofishin Jakadancin ita ce: Haɓaka Ƙwararrun Ƙarfafa Sana'ar Shari'a don aiwatar da Dokokinta na Haɓaka da kuma inganta samun dama da gudanar da shari'a da kuma kyakkyawan shugabanci a Ƙasar Uganda
Manufar ULS ita ce: Don zama Ƙwararrun Lauyoyi don Haɓaka Samun Adalci, Dokokin Doka da Kyakkyawan Mulki a Uganda.
Makasudai
Manufar Dabarun Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Uganda ita ce: Ingantacciyar Isar da Sabis na Shari'a don tabbatar da Samun Adalci da Kiyaye Dokokin Doka don Canjin Jama'a.
Manufofin Dabarun Ƙungiyoyin Lauyoyin Uganda sune: Don haɓaka haɓaka ƙwararrun mambobi da ɗabi'a; Don inganta samun damar yin adalci ga masu fama da talauci, marasa galihu da marasa galihu a Uganda; Don ba da gudummawa ga kiyayewa da haɓaka tsarin doka a Uganda; Don ƙarfafa ƙarfin cibiyoyi na ULS don zama ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta zamani.
An kafa Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta Uganda ta hanyar wani aikin majalisa a 1956. Majalisar zartarwa ce ke tafiyar da ULS tare da wakilai daga kowane yankuna huɗu na Uganda. Memba ne na Kungiyar Shari'a ta Gabashin Afirka, wanda kuma ya hada da kasashe membobin Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda da Burundi.
Ayyuka
Aikin Taimakon Shari'a(Legal Aid Project ) (LAP)
Legal Aid Project (LAP) an kafa ta a Uganda Law Society a 1992, tare da taimako daga Norwegian Bar Association, don ba da taimakon shari'a ga matalauta da kuma mutane a Uganda.
An haifi wannan aikin ne saboda sanin cewa baya ga taƙaitaccen tsarin gwamnati wanda ke aiwatar da manyan laifuka kawai, da kuma babban koma baya na shari'o'i, babu wani tallafin doka na kyauta na doka a Uganda duk da cewa yawancin al'ummar Uganda suna rayuwa a ƙasa. layin talauci, kuma ba tare da hanyar samun adalci ba.
Har ya zuwa yau, aikin ya taimaka kuma yana ci gaba da taimaka wa dubban marasa galihu maza da mata da yara don tabbatar da haƙƙinsu na doka da na ɗan adam.
LAP tana da rassa a Kabarole, Kabale, Masindi, Jinja, Gulu, Arua, Soroti, Mbarara, Moroto da babban ofishinta a Kampala.
Aikin Pro-Bono
Hidimomin tallafawa bono a Uganda an tsara su ne bisa gaskiyar cewa wani kaso mai tsoka na al'ummar Uganda na rayuwa cikin tsananin talauci. Wannan yana haifar da iyakance damar samun adalci saboda ba za su iya bin irin wannan ba saboda tsadar da ke da alaƙa. A cewar shirin ci gaban kasa, sashin shari’a, shari’a da oda (JLOS) ya lura cewa manyan abubuwan da ke kawo cikas ga samun adalci sun hada da: karuwar kararraki, nisan jiki zuwa cibiyoyin hidima, shingaye na fasaha, talauci, da rashin samun dama ga mata da wadanda aka ware. ƙungiyoyi. Hakan ya kara nuna cewa mata sun fi fuskantar cikas wajen samun adalci saboda suna da girman jahilci da rashin bayanai game da hakkokin doka. Don haka, yawaitar talauci da ƙuntatawa masu taimaka masa akan motsi yana iyakance damar yin amfani da sabis na shari'a da kuma irin waɗannan lokuta rashin adalci.
The Pro-bono Scheme na Uganda Law Society an qaddamar da shi a matsayin matukin jirgi na Uganda Law Society tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Tsarin Mulki, (Law Council) goyon bayan Legal Aid Basket Fund (LABF) a 2008.</br> A halin yanzu aikin ya shafi gundumomin Kampala, Gulu, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Masindi, Soroti, Arua da Mbarara ta cibiyoyin tauraron dan adam na Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafi (LAP) na kungiyar Lauyoyin Uganda.
Tsarin Mulkin Demokraɗiyya don Ci Gaba (DGD).
Wannan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Avocats Sans Frontières (ASF) da Uganda Law Society (ULS) yana mai da hankali kan Tattara Lauyoyin don Haƙƙin Ugandan. Aikin aiwatar da aikin yana da mafi yawa daga aikin DGD.
Nassoshi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
61294 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mananatanana | Mananatanana | Mananatanana kogi ne a yankin Haute Matsiatra,yana gabashin Madagascar.nfoboxYana gudana cikin kogin Mangoky.
Yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin Andringitra Massif .Mangoky. Tare da Matsiatra yana samar da Kogin Mangoky.
Nassoshi |
26538 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevyn%20McDowell | Trevyn McDowell | Trevyn McDowell Haihuwar Afirka ta Kudu Trevyn McDowell tsohuwar ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mai haɓaka dukiya, wacce ta fito a cikin fina-finai, shirye-shiryen talabijin, wasan kwaikwayo da rediyo, galibi a cikin mahaifarta ta Ingila.
Ta fito a cikin fim na 1994 Mary Shelley's Frankenstein kuma Rosamund Vincy ce a Middlemarch. An kuma san ta sosai saboda yadda ta kwatanta Michelle Hauptmann a cikin Babban Birnin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na 1989 wanda Euston Films ya samar wanda ya mai da hankali kan ƙwararru da rayuwar sirri na ƙungiyar masu banki masu saka hannun jari da ke aiki a farfajiyar kasuwancin Shane-Longman, almara na duniya. bankin da ke Birnin London.
Hanyoyin waje
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1967
Mata Mawaka
Mata
Yan fim |
46344 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abayneh%20Ayele | Abayneh Ayele | Abayneh Ayele Woldegiorgis (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba 1987) ɗan wasan tseren nesa ne na Habasha wanda ya fi yin gasa a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle. Ya rike mafi kyawun gudun marathon na sa'o'i 2:06:45 da Half marathon mafi kyawun mintuna 59:59. Ya kasance wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla a tseren mita 5000 a Gasar Wasannin Afirka ta shekarar 2011 kuma ya zama na hudu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Half Marathon na 2016 IAAF.
Sana'a
Abayneh ya fara fafatawa a kan hanyar Turai a shekarar 2010 kuma cikin sauri ya samu nasara, inda ya yi nasara akan Istanbul 15K. Ya kasance a matsayi na takwas a gasar Delhi Half Marathon da lokacin mintuna 60:51. Ya canza zuwa tseren gudu mai nisa a cikin shekarar 2011 kuma ya yi nasara a Cezmi Ko Memorial da Sotteville Pro Athlé Tour. An zabe shi a Habasha a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2011 kuma ya samu lambar tagulla ta mita 5000, inda ya kare a bayan Moses Kipsiro na Uganda da wani dan kasar Yenew Alamirew.
Abayneh ya yi fama a kakar wasa ta 2012, inda ya kasa inganta kwazonsa, kuma bai buga gasa ba kusan shekara guda bayan watan Yuli. Ya kasance mai tushe a Japan don yawancin lokutan 2013 da 2014, yana samun nasarar fita waje kan ƙungiyoyin relay ekiden. Ya lashe tseren 5000 m a Oda Memorial, ya kasance na uku a Gifu Seiryu Half Marathon a lokuta biyu kuma ya kafa mafi kyawun tseren mita 10,000 na mintuna 27:57.51.
Canja wurin tseren marathon a farkon 2015 ya nuna sake dawowar aikinsa. A karon farko da ya fara yin tazarar a gasar Marathon ta Rotterdam ya kare a na hudu da sa'o'i 2:09:21. Bayan da ya samu nasara a gasar Marathon ta kasa da kasa ta Lanzhou, ya koma kasar Netherland sannan kuma ya kare a matsayi na hudu, inda ya samu nasarar zuwa 2:07:16 a gasar Marathon ta Eindhoven. Wani lokaci mafi kyau ya biyo baya a Marathon na Dubai na 2016, inda ya ketare layin a cikin 2:06:45 hours na shida.
Kiransa na biyu a duniya ya zo ne a gasar cin kofin duniya na Half Marathon na 2016 IAAF, kuma yana cikin jagororin gasar kafin ya koma matsayi na uku, sannan kuma a matsayi na hudu bayan zakaran gasar Olympics Mo Farah bayan da a yayin tseren don samun lambar tagulla. Lokacinsa na ƙarshe na mintuna 59:59 sabon abu ne (duk da yanayin damina) kuma yana nufin ya jagoranci Habashawa zuwa lambar yabo ta azurfa, tare da Tamirat Tola da Mule Wasihun.
Gasar kasa da kasa
Mafi kyawun mutum
Mita 3000 - 7:49.25 min (2011)
Mita 5000 - 13:11.01 min (2011)
Mita 10,000 - 27:57.51 min (2013)
10K gudu - 28:02 min (2016)
Rabin marathon - 59:59 min (2016)
Marathon - 2:06:45 na safe (2016)
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Manazarta
Haihuwan 1987
Rayayyun mutane |
16203 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkeiruka%20Onyejeocha | Nkeiruka Onyejeocha | Nkeiruka Chidubem Onyejocha (an haife ta a ranar 23 Nuwamba shekarar 1969) yar siyasan Nijeriya ce kuma babban mai zartarwa a Majalisar Wakilan Tarayyar Najeriya. Tana wakiltar Mazabar Tarayyar Isuikwuato / Umunneochi ta jihar Abia.Onyejocha memba ce mai aiki a majalisar tarayyar Najeriya kuma galibi tana bayar da gudummawa sosai ga muhawarori da suka shafi mahimman batutuwan ƙasa a majalisa. Ta dauki nauyin tsare-tsare da dama tare da kawo yunkuri wadanda suka inganta rayuwar talakawan kasa da kuma taimakawa wajen kare hakkinsu.
A cikin shekarar 2017 ta dauki nauyin wani kudiri wanda ya sanya jinyar gaggawa ga wadanda aka harba da bindiga ya zama tilas ga asibitoci ba tare da neman ko jinkirta jinya wai don jiran bayanai daga ‘yan sanda kafin a fara magani a yanayin gaggawa.
An fara zaben Onyejocha ne a shekara ta 2007 a karkashin jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party, PDP jam'iyya mai mulki na lokacin. Ta sauya sheka zuwa jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress, APC a shekarar 2018 bayan ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga tsaffin shugabannin jam’iyyar don ta dakatar da kudirin ta na komawa majalisa. A shekarar 2019, ta sake lashe zaben fidda gwani na karo na hudu a Majalisar dokoki na Najeriya. Tana daya daga cikin mafiya dadewa a majalisa.
A cikin shekara ta 2019, Onyejocha ta tsaya takarar matsayin Speaker na Majalisa Wakilai a kasa da maza suka mamaye mukamai, tare da abokin adawa Femi Gbajabiamila daga Jihar Legas wanda ƙungiya - jama'iyyar adawa ta APC, APC ta tsaida. Babban matasalar zaben Onyejocha shi ne ta kasance a matsayin mai magana da yawun shiyyar ta na yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya domin daidaita manyan ikon tarayya a tsakanin shiyyoyin siyasa shida na kasar. Amma ta ajiye takarar tsakanin awanni 24 zuwa zaben.
Onyejocha ya kasance Shugaban rikon kwarya na Karamar Hukumar Umunneochi ta Jihar Abia a shekarar 2002. A shekara ta 2003 tayi aiki a majalisar zartarwa ta jihar Abia a matsayin kwamishina kan kula da albarkatu da cigaban ma'aikata.
Rayuwar farko, ilimi da aiki
Onyejocha diya ce ga Eze Bob Ogbonna ne a garin Isuochi na karamar hukumar Umunneochi ta jihar Abia. Ta rasa mahaifiyarta tun tana karama. Onyejocha ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Isuochi Central da kuma Ovim Girls School, Isuochi. A cikin shekara ta 1988 ta kammala karatun digiri daga jami'ar Najeriya, Nnsuka, UNN tare da difloma a fannin Social Work/Community Development. A shekarar 1993 ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Bachelor of Art tare da sakamakon second class upper (a Daraja) daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka. Onyejocha ta yi Digiri na biyu a kan Harkokin Kasa da Kasa da diflomasiyya (International Affairs and Diplomacy) daga Jami’ar Jihar Imo a shekarar (2005) da kuma Digiri na Biyu a hada-hadan jiragen ruwa daga Jami’ar Fasaha ta Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Jihar Oyo.
A lokacin da take karatun ta na digiri a jami'a, Onyejocha ta kasance mai himma a harkokin dalibai da siyasa. Ta rike mukamai daban-daban na shugabanci a gwamnatin kungiyar dalibai ta jami’ar Najeriya, Nnsuka, UNN. Onyejocha ta yi aiki a ofishin ladabtarwa na gwamnan jihar Osun a yayin da take hidimar bautar kasa na shekara daya a shekarar 1993. An ce ra'ayinta na siyasa ya samo asali ne daga nan.
Ta kasance Manajan Darakta na Nikkings da Kingzol International Ltd da ke kula da jarirai da kayayyakin gida. An yaba wa shugabancin ta saboda daga darajar kamfanin zuwa matakin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa. Kamfanin mallakin mijinta ne, Sir Kingsley Onyejocha.
Harkar siyasa
Shugaban Karamar Hukuma kuma Kwamishina
Siyasar Onyejocha ta fara ne da nadin ta a shekarar 2002 zuwa majalisar zartarwa ta jihar Abia a matsayin kwamishina na da Gudanar da Albarkatun Kasa da Bunkasa ayyukan jama'a wato (Resource Management and Manpower Development) na Gwamna Orji Uzor Kalu. Ana tuna ta da kafa cibiyoyin koyon ayyukan hannu a duk faɗin jihar Abia. A shekarar 2003 ta kasance Shugabar rikon kwarya na karamar hukumar Umunneochi ta jihar Abia. A lokacin da take kan karagar mulki, ta aiwatar da ayyukan shawo kan zaizayar kasa, da inganta tsaro a tsakanin al'umma, da aiwatar da gyaran hanyoyi. Saboda jin dadin aikinta, Majalisar Sarakunan Gargajiya Umunneochi ta ba ta sarauta ta Adaejiagamba- (yar jakadiya). Ita ce ta fara karbar wannan taken.
Zabe a majalisar wakilan tarayyar Najeriya
An fara zaben Onyejocha a majalisar wakilai ta tarayyar Najeriya a 2007 a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. Manufofin ta na siyasa sun mai da hankali kan samar da dokoki don bunkasa rayuwar mata da yara; matasa da masu karamin karfi; inganta ilimi, kiwon lafiya da samar da kayan more rayuwa .
A yayin taron majalisar karo na bakwai an ba ta mace mafi kwazo a majalisar dokoki a Najeriya daga Kungiyar Ma’aikatan Majalissar Dokokin Najeriya (PASSAN). Onyejocha ita ce shugabar mata ta farko a kwamitin majalisar wanda aka kirkiro yayin taro na shida tsakanin 2007 da 2011. Ta jagoranci mata ‘yan majalisu a kokarin shawo kan matsalar rashin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata da inganta yanayin rayuwar yara da kuma marasa karfi.
A shekarar 2011 an nada ta shugaban kwamiti na harkokin jiragen sama wanda a lokacin ana fama da al'amuran tsaro. Ayyukan ta na hangen nesa sun haifar da inganta filayen jiragen saman Najeriya zuwa matakin filayen jiragen sama na duniya. Aikin ta a Kwamitin na harkokin jiragen sama ya kasance mara cikas kuma mai tasiri wanda hakan ya zama abin ishara ga sauran kwamitocin na majalisa. A cikin shekara ta 2013 ne ta yi kira don cikakken bincike da kuma gurfanar da jami'an, wanda duk yake da hannu a wajen kawo tasgwaro ga lafiyar jirgin sama ya wanda ya jawo hadarin jirgi dauke da fasinjoji wato Dana Air Flight 992 a kan hanya daga babban birnin Najeriya Abuja zuwa Lagos a ranar 3 Yuni 2012. Dukkanin mutane 153 da ke cikin jirgin da kuma mutane 6 da ke kasa sun mutu.
A shekarar 2013 Onyejocha ta sanya fifikon kasa a kan son zuciya yayin da ta yi kira da a bincike akan Stella Oduah, ministar jirgin sama wacce ta fada cikin zargin rashawa bayan da aka ruwaito ta sayi motoci biyu BMW da darajarsu ta kai naira miliyan 250 ga ma'aikatar jirgin sama ba tare da amincewa ba. Onyejocha ya sha suka a bainar jama'a daga dangin ta saboda a fili ta nemi a binciki Stella Oduah.
Financialarfin ikon ƙananan hukumomi
Tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya, (Canji na Hudu) Dokar, Mai lamba 5, 2017 (Rarraba Ruwan Baza): Dukkanin majalisun dokokin kasar sun amince da kudirin amma yana jiran amincewar majalisun dokokin jihohi.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Dokar Cibiyar Tsofaffi ta Kasa, 2017
Kulawa da Kulawa da Kulawa ga Wadanda Aka Sami Dokar Gunshot, 2017
Dokar Anti-azabtarwa, 2017
</br>Kudirin Gyara Kundin Tsarin Mulki da 8th ya Amince da shi
Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya
Ƴan siyasan Najeriya
Mata
Ƴan Najeriya
Pages with unreviewed translations |
21847 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goloboffia%20vellardi | Goloboffia vellardi | Goloboffia vellardi shine nau'in gizo-gizo a cikin gidan Migidae, wanda ake samu a cikin Chile.
Da farko Zapfe ya bayyana shi a shekarar 1961 a cikin jinsin Migas, Griswold da Ledford suka koma da shi zuwa ga sabuwar halittar su ta Goloboffia a shekara ta 2001, inda a farko ita ce kawai jinsin.
A cikin 2019, an bayyana wasu nau'in.
Manazarta |
48139 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amincewa%20da%20auren%20jinsi%20a%20Najeriya | Amincewa da auren jinsi a Najeriya | Najeriya ba ta amince da auren jinsi ɗaya ko haɗin dadiro ga jinsi ɗaya ba. Ana iya hukunta luwaɗi tsakanin maza da ɗaurin shekaru 14 a Kudancin Najeriya kuma yana iya haifar da hukuncin kisa ga maza a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin dokar Musulunci a arewacin ƙasar. Mutanen da suka "yi, shaida, taimako ko ƙarfafa" auren jinsi ɗaya na iya fuskantar hukunci mai tsanani.
Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Haramtarwa) 2013
A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2007, Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya ta gabatar da lissafin da ya hana auren jinsi guda kuma ya bukaci Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa da ta zartar da shi cikin gaggawa. A cewar Ministan Shari'a, Bayo Ojo, Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ne ya gabatar da lissafin bayan taron kasa da kasa kan cutar kanjamau da cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i a Afirka (ICASA) a Abuja a shekarar 2005. Kudin zai yi kira ga ɗaurin shekaru biyar ga duk wanda ya yi, "yi, shaidu, taimako, ko kuma ya ba da" auren jinsi ɗaya. Hakanan zai hana duk wani nuni na "dangantaka ta jima'i" da kuma karɓar yara ta hanyar gays ko lesbians. Ƙudirin ya sami ƴan adawa kaɗan a majalisar. Hakanan zai ba da umarnin ɗaurin shekaru biyar don shiga cikin fafutukar jama'a ko ƙungiyoyi da ke tallafawa haƙƙin ƴan mata da ƴan luwaɗi, gami da haramta kowane irin dangantaka da ɗan luwadi.
A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2006, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta yi Allah wadai da lissafin. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2006, ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin yin taraiya na kasa da kasa 16 sun sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke Allah wadai da dokar, suna kiran ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, tarayya da ƴancin yin taro da aka tabbatar da dokar kasa da kasa da kuma Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a da kuma shingen gwagwarmaya da yaduwar cutar kanjamau / AIDS. An kiyasta mutane miliyan 3 suna rayuwa da cutar HIV / AIDS a Najeriya. Ba a zartar da lissafin ba kafin zaben 2007.
An gabatar da irin wannan takardar kuɗi a cikin 2013. Ya ce: "Mutumin da ya yi rajista, ya yi aiki ko ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan luwaɗi, al'ummomi ko ƙungiyoyi, ko kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ya nuna wa jama'a dangantakar soyayya ta jinsi guda a Najeriya ya aikata laifi kuma yana da alhakin yanke hukunci har zuwa shekaru 10". Ya wuce majalisar tare da 'yan adawa kaɗan, kuma Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya sanya hannu a cikin doka a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2014 a matsayin Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatarwa) Dokar 2013 (SSMPA). Masu goyon bayan dokar sun ambaci bangaskiyarsu ta Kirista da al'adunsu don tallafawa doka. Masu sukar sun yi jayayya cewa al'adun yankin ba su haramta auren jinsi guda da dangantaka ba. Misali, wani Ìyá Ṣàngó (Yoruba: [ì.já ʃã̀gó]) mace ce firist na Shango, allahn tsawa da walƙiya a cikin addinin Yoruba, wanda a lokacin da yake da trance ba a sake kallon shi a matsayin mace kuma ana ganinsa ya auri Shango a matakin metaphysical, ya zama namiji.
Wani shari'a, Mista Teriah Joseph Ebah v. Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya, ta kalubalanci tsarin mulki na dokar an sallame ta a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 204 saboda rashin matsayi. A cikin 2018, masu gwagwarmayar LGBT da yawa sun ce ga sanin su cewa ba a taɓa amfani da dokar don hukunta kowa a cikin kowane shari'ar da ta shafi auren jinsi ɗaya ba. A cewar masu fafutuka, wannan saboda dokar "ba ta dace ba", kuma shari'o'i da yawa da suka shafi wadanda ake zargi da LGBT ba su da tabbacin da ya dace, wanda ya sa "ba zai yiwu ga masu gabatar da kara su gabatar da shari'ar da za a iya cin nasara ba kuma su tabbatar da cewa an aikata duk wani laifi". Duk da haka, "saboda wannan dokar, 'yan sanda suna bi da mutane ta kowace hanyar da suke faranta musu rai. Suna azabtarwa, suna tilasta mutane su furta, kuma lokacin da suka ji game da taron maza, sai kawai su je su kama mutane. " A cikin 2018, an kama wani rukuni na mutane 47 a Legas saboda zargin da ake yi "ƙwarewa cikin kulob din gay". Mutanen sun ce suna halartar bikin ranar haihuwar. An ga wannan shari'ar a matsayin shari'ar gwaji kan ko za'a iya amfani da doka don gurfanar da ita. Alkalin Rilwan Aikawa na Babban Kotun Tarayya ta Najeriya ya watsar da karar saboda rashin shaidar a watan Oktoba 2020.
A watan Oktoba 2020, masu gwagwarmayar LGBT sun kuma yi amfani da zanga-zangar End SARS a Najeriya don neman kawo karshen warewar al'ummar LGBT a Najeriya.
Rundunar Hisbah ta Jihar Kano ta kama samari 12 a watan Janairun 2015 a Kano kan zargin shirya bikin auren jinsi guda. Mutanen sun musanta hakan, suna cewa suna shirin bikin ranar haihuwar aboki. Hakazalika, 'yan sanda sun kama mata matasa 11 a shekarar 2018 kan zargin shirya bikin auren lesbian. Matan sun karyata zargin, suna cewa suna murna da nadin shugaban kulob din rawa. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, an kama mutane 19 a kan irin wannan tuhuma. Babu wani daga cikin wadannan shari'o'in da ya haifar da hukunci.
Ra'ayin jama'a
Wani binciken ra'ayi na 2015 da NOIPolls ta gudanar tare da hadin gwiwa tare da Initiative for Equal Rights da Gidauniyar Bisi Alimi sun nuna cewa kashi 87% na 'yan Najeriya sun goyi bayan Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatarwa) na 2013.
Dubi kuma
Hakkin LGBT a Najeriya
Amincewa da auren jinsi a Afirka
Manazarta
Hakki
LGBT a Najeriya
LGBT a Afurka |
20980 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawal%20Musa%20Daura | Lawal Musa Daura | Lawal Musa Daura mni (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1953) wani jami’in tsaro ne a Nijeriya wanda ya kasance Darakta Janar na Hukumar Tsaron Jiha (SSS) daga ranar 2 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2015 zuwa ranar 7 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2018.
Fage da ilimi
An haifi Lawal Musa Daura a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1953 a garin Daura. A shekarar 1980, ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya sannan kuma ya samu horo a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofi da Dabaru ta Ƙasa da ke Kuru, Najeriya.
A shekarar 1982, Daura ya shiga Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSO) wanda daga baya aka sauya shi a shekarata 1986 da Hukumar Tsaro ta SSS daga shugaban soja na ƙasa Janar Ibrahim Babangida. Ya hau mukamin NSO da SSS na gaba, daga karshe ya zama Daraktan Tsaro a jihohi da dama na tarayyar a lokuta daban-daban: ciki har da Kano, Sokoto, Edo, Lagos, Osun da Imo.
A shekarar 2003, an naɗa shi, Mataimakin Daraktan Sadarwa na Shugaban ƙasa, Umarni da Cibiyar Kulawa a Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa shekara ta 2007. A shekarar 2013, ya yi ritaya daga SSS.
Daraktan Hukumar Tsaro ta Jiha
A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya naɗa Daura a matsayin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Tsaron Jiha inda ya maye gurbin Ita Ekpeyong. A lokacinsa SSS ta rikide ta zama kungiyar 'yan sanda ta sirri tana aiwatar da "kamewa da tsare' yan kasa ba bisa ka'ida ba, cin zarafin umarnin kotu, nuna bangaranci mai yawa da keta hakkin dan adam".
A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2018, biyo bayan toshe hanyar da jami’an SSS suka yi a Majalisar Tarayya , Mukaddashin Shugaban Kasa Yemi Osinbajo ya kori Daura daga aiki.
Bayani
1. "Lawal Musa Daura (DGSS)". State Security Service of Nigeria. State Security Service of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
2. Martins, Ameh (2018-08-07). "DAURA, Lawal Musa (mni)". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
3. "Buhari appoints Daura as DSS boss". Buhari appoints Daura as DSS boss. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
4. Onuorah,Tsokar, & Otaru. "Buhari dismantles Jonathan's structure, appoints Lawal Musa Daura as DSS DG". Nigerian Guardian. Nigerian Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
5."Buhari backtracks, appoints new SSS chief "acting" DG". Premium Times Nigeria. Premium Times. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
6. "Osinbajo sacks Lawal Daura as SSS DG". 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2020-07-16.
7. "Nigerian security agents blockade parliament, chief later fired". Reuters. 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2020-07-18
Tsaffin Daliban ABU
Hukumomi
Haifaffun 1953 |
47672 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkin%20Onitsha | Sarkin Onitsha | Obi na Onitsha shi ne shugaban gargajiya na Onitsha, jihar Anambra, kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Gwamnatocin Jihohi da Tarayyar Najeriya sun amince da muƙamin Obi, kuma ana kallon Obi a matsayin wakilin al’ummar Onitsha a matakin gwamnati jaha da na tarayya. Obi na yanzu shine Mai Martaba Igwe Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe.
Jerin sarakunan Onitsha
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Obi na Onitsha yana murnar ranar Ofala - Nigeria Sun online
imeobionitsha.org |
4473 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Anderson | Paul Anderson | Paul Anderson (an haife shi a ƙasar Ingila) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
57633 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skikda | Skikda | Phoenicians da Carthaginians sun kafa wurin kasuwanci da kagara mai suna RŠKD( </link> ,"Jug Cape ")bayan Skikda's kusa cape.[2]Faɗuwa ƙarƙashin mulkin Romawa bayan Yaƙin Punic,sunan ya kasance Latinized a matsayin Rusicade ko Rusiccade.Rusicade ya ƙunshi babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Roman a Aljeriya,tun daga zamanin Hadrian.
A ƙarshen zamanin da,an lalata tashar jiragen ruwa a lokacin mamayewar Vandals na 530.Rumawa sun sake mamaye yankin a cikin 533 da 534,amma sun bar manyan yankuna karkashin ikon Berber.Daular Umayyawa ta mamaye garin a karshen karni na 7.
Present-day Skikda was founded by Sylvain Charles Valée in 1838 under the name Philippeville, honoring the French king at the time.The French were in the process of annexing Algeria and developed Philippeville as a port for Constantine,Algeria's third-largest city. The two cities were connected by rail.The harbour works,with every vessel in port, was destroyed by a storm in 1878;a larger harbour was then built. On 10 October 1883, there was an earthquake in Philippeville.
Zuwa ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu,wani sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na UNRRA mai suna an kafa kusa da birnin.A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1945,an tura Yahudawa 200 da ke da shaidar zama dan kasa daga kasashen Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka daga sansanin taro na Bergen-Belsen zuwa Switzerland a matsayin wani bangare na kungiyar musayar fursunoni. Daga baya aka tura su sansanin UNRRA da ke Skikda.
Yaƙin Philippeville
Wani hari da kungiyar ta FLN ta kai a shekarar 1955 a lokacin yakin ‘yancin kai ya yi sanadin mutuwar fararen hula kusan 123,galibin Faransa da wadanda ake zargi da hadin gwiwa. A fusace kan kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa fararen hula,da suka hada da mata, dattijai,da jarirai, Faransawa sun kara kai farmaki kan FLN. Mai yiwuwa martanin da sojojin Faransa suka yi ya kashe tsakanin 1,200 (bisa ga majiyoyin Faransa),da fararen hula 12,000 (a cewar FLN. )
1989 shipping bala'i
Birnin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci tare da tashar iskar gas da mai.A ranar 15 ga Fabrairun 1989 jirgin ruwan Holland mai suna MV <i id="mwYA">Maassluis</i> ya tsaya kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa,yana jiran ya doshi tashar washegari a tashar, lokacin da yanayi mai tsanani ya barke. Anga jirgin ba su riƙe ba,jirgin ya farfasa a kan mashigar tashar jirgin.Bala'in ya kashe mutane 27 daga cikin 29 da ke cikin jirgin.
Modern Skikda
Birnin yana da yawan jama'a 250,000.An samar da iskar gas,tace mai,da masana'antar petrochemical a cikin 1970s kuma an gina bututun don jigilar su. Le Corbusier ne ya tsara zauren birni(fadar salon neo-moorish)da tashar jirgin ƙasa.
Launukan tutar birni na hukuma sune shuɗi da fari, launukan Bahar Rum. Lambar gidan waya na yanzu ita ce 21000. Skikda tana da tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma ta uku a Aljeriya bayan Algiers da Oran . Har ila yau, yana da tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma ƙaramin tashar kamun kifi a Stora, kuma akwai rairayin bakin teku masu da yawa tare da bakin tekun Bahar Rum . Akwai kuma filin jirgin sama da aka rufe kusa da rukunin man petrochemical.
Biranen Aljeriya |
17467 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babatunde%20Fafunwa | Babatunde Fafunwa | Aliu Babatunde Fafunwa (23 Satumba 1923 - 11 October 2010). Shi ne Farfesan Ilimi na farko a Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance masanin Ilimin Najeriya, Malami kuma Tsohon Ministan Ilimi. A matsayinsa na Minista, ya kasance yana kula da babbar makarantar da ke Afirka. An san shi da rubuce-rubucensa na farko kan buƙatar sake tantance tsarin ilimin tarihin mulkin mallaka da aka gada a Najeriya da kuma gabatar da manufofin al'adu masu dacewa, batutuwa da yarukan gida cikin tsarin, domin dacewa da tsarin cigaba da al'adun ƙasar. Hakanan shahararren masani ne akan Tarihin Tsare-Tsaren Ilimi a Najeriya.
Makaranta
An haife shi ne a ranar 23 ga Satumban shekarar 1923, a garin Isale Eko, Legas, Fafunwa ya yi karatun sakandare a makarantar CMS Grammar School, Lagos tsakanin 1937 da 1943. Ya sami B.Sc (Magna Cum Laude) a fannin Kimiyyar Zamani da Turanci a Kwalejin Bethune Cookman (yanzu Bethune-Cookman University, Florida, Amurka a shekarar 1950 kuma ya sami MA (Cum Laude) a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi a shekara ta 1955. Ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin Ilimi daga Jami'ar New York a shekarar 1958, ya zama na farko da ya samu karban Najeriya ya kuma yi karatun digirin digirgir a fannin Ilimi.
Aiki
Ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1961 a Jami'ar Nijeriya (UNN), Nsukka. A lokacin yaƙin basasar Najeriya, ya bar gabas ya koma Ife, ya yi koyarwa a Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo.
Ya zama Farfesan Ilimi a shekarar 1966 kuma ya riƙe mukamin Dean, Malami da Shugaba, Sashin Ilimi a Jami’ar Nijeriya, Nsukka, UNN. Saboda hazakarsa da aiki tukuru, ya hau kan mukamin Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwaleji a duka UNN da Jami'ar Ife (yanzu Obafemi Awolowo University). Ya kuma kasance Pro-Chancellor kuma Shugaban Majalisar Gudanarwa, Jami'ar Calabar. Ya kasance a lokuta da yawa, Shugaban, Kungiyar Malaman Ilimi a Afirka, Darakta, Majalisar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Ilimi don Koyarwa, Washington D C. Ya yi ritaya daga aikin koyarwa a shekarar 1978 don fara kwalejin koyawa ta farko a Najeriya a shekarar 1982 kuma ya kasance Ministan Ilimi tsakanin shekarar 1990 da 1992.
Manazarta
http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2010/10/11/babs-fafunwa-ex-minister-dies/
https://web.archive.org/web/20180411183629/http://www.bcos.tv/features/know-your-first-nigerian-professors
Haifaffun 1923
Mutuwan 2010 |
21033 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen%20Igala | Harshen Igala | Igala yare ne na yarbawa. Igala Najeriya ke magana da shi. A shekarar 1989 kimanin mutane 800,000 suka yi magana da Igala, musamman a cikin jihar Kogi. Yarukan sun haɗa da Idah, Imane, Ankpa, Dekina, Ogugu, Ibaji da Ife.
Igala yana da alaƙa da Yarbanci wanda yake da kakanninsa na da, ya kasance ba a san lokacin da yaren biyu ya rabu ba, fahimtar juna a wannan zamani ba komai bane illa kawai, duk da cewa tsarin sauti / sautin na zama ɗaya, daidai da dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƴa mace daban-daban yare na dangin yare ko na yare.
Mutanen Idoma da Bassa suna amfani da Igala don makarantar firamare. Harshen Igala, gami da al'adun Igala, sun yi tasiri a kan wasu harsuna da al'adu a kusa da mahaɗar kogunan Neja da Benuwai.
Manazarta
Harsunan Nijeriya
Mutanen Afirka
Mutanen Najeriya
Al'ummomin Nijeriya |
54515 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamu | Dopamu | Dopamu kauye ne a karamar hukumar ijebu east na jihar ogun |
47318 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabiru%20Alausa | Kabiru Alausa | Kabiru Oluwamuyiwa Alausa (an haife shi ranar 28 ga watan Maris ɗin 1983) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.Mataimakin koci ne a kulob ɗin Shooting Stars na Najeriya.
Sana'a
Alausa ya fara taka leda da Julius Berger kuma shi ne ya fi zura ƙwallaye a gasar Premier ta Najeriya a shekarar 2004, inda ya ci ƙwallaye 13 a kakar wasa ta bana. Daga nan ya koma Sunshine Stars, inda ya taka leda a cikin kakar 2007. Alausa ya shafe lokaci a Heartland, inda ya taimaka wa kulob ɗin ya zama na biyu a gasar cin kofin CAF na shekarar 2009 duk da cewa ya rasa wasanni da yawa a lokacin da ake gwaji a Turai. Bayan zama na biyu a Sunshine Stars, ya gama aikinsa tare da Shooting Stars.
Manazarta
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya
Haihuwan 1983
Rayayyun mutane |
54027 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roslan%20Ahmad | Roslan Ahmad | Roslan bin Ahmad ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Jihar Malacca .
Sakamakon zaben
Daraja
:
Companion Class I of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DMSM) – Datuk (2014)
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
45633 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Latif%20Anabila | Abdul Latif Anabila | Abdul Latif Anabila (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun 1997) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ghana wanda ke taka leda a Asante Kotoko.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1997 |
45985 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danzyl%20Bruwer | Danzyl Bruwer | Danzyl Bruwer (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba 1976) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Namibia wanda a da yake tare da Ajax Cape Town FC a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Dan wasan Namibia ne na kasa da kasa, Bruwer ya kasance cikin tawagar a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika a shekarar 1998. A cikin watan Disamba 2008, Bruwer ya gwada inganci don amfani da haramtaccen abu. Bruwer bai koma kulob din ba don kare kansa daga tuhumar da ake masa, a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da zama a Namibiya. Daga nan ne Ajax Cape Town ta soke kwantiraginsa, wanda saura shekaru biyu a kai a lokacin.
Sana'a
1995-1998: FC Civics Windhoek
1998-2001: Matasa Windhoek
2001-2002: Avendale Athletico
2002-2003: Wanderers na Afirka
2003-2006: FC Civics Windhoek
2006: Jami'ar Wits FC
2006-2008: Bay United FC
2008-2009 Ajax Cape Town FC
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1976
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
27655 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Island%20%282007%20fim%29 | The Island (2007 fim) | A Island ( Fim ne na shekarar 2007 mai ban sha'awa a Masar, tare da Ahmed El Sakka, Mahmoud Yacine, Hend Sabri da Khaled Elsawy kuma Sherif Arafa ne ya bada umarni . A kasar Masar ta sama, yakin ƴan daba na neman shugabanci ya kai ga kisan kiyashi, inda aka kashe uwa da matar matashin shugaban kungiyar da galibin danginsa. Yakan rama musu, kuma ya mallaki duk tsibirin don cinikin makamai da muggan kwayoyi, yana yin mu’amala da ƴan sanda ba bisa ƙa’ida ba.
Makirci
Fim game da al'ummar Upper Masar mazauna mazauna El Gezira (Tsibirin). Suna da nasu tsarin dokoki, da'a da al'adu. Amma kuma suna shuka kwayoyi da sayen makamai daga Sudan. Jami'in da ke kula da yankin ya rufe ido kan wadannan abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma tun da farko gwamnati ba ta kula da tsibirin. A farkon fim ɗin, mun shaida mutuwar tsohon 'Kabir el Gezira' (mai mulkin tsibirin), ya bar ƙasar ga ɗansa Mansour. Rabin farko ya biyo bayan Mansour ne yayin da yake karbar ragamar mulkin kasar kuma dole ne ya yi tir da gungun wasu masu kwadayi masu kwadayin karbe ikon tsibirin. Rabin na biyu na fim ɗin yana magana ne akan rikicin siyasa. Hakan ya biyo bayan bangaren gwamnati ne (wanda daga karshe ta yanke shawarar daukar mataki) a daidai lokacin da bangaren Mansour ke mayar da martani kan barazanar da juna ke yi, kuma rikicin ya kara kamari.
Yin wasan kwaikwayo
Ahmed El Sakka a matsayin Mansour
Mahmoud Yacine a matsayin The old boss
Khaled El Sawy a matsayin Roshdy
Mahmoud Abdel Moghny a matsayin Tarek
Hend Sabry a matsayin Karima
Bassem Samra a matsayin Hassan
Asser Yassin a matsayin Mahmoud Nagih
Ashraf Meslehi a matsayin Hemdan
Zeina a matsayin Faiqa, matar Mansour
Abdel Rahman Abou Zahra a matsayin Janar na ƴan sanda Fouad
Mohamed Sharif Hassan as The Child Ali
Kyaututtuka da karramawa
Kyautar Kwalejin Kwalejin Masar ta Masar ta 2009 a hukumance ga nau'in fim ɗin Harshen Waje
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Gidan yanar gizon hukuma
Shafin Elgazira akan Database din Fina-finan Larabci
Fina-finai
Finafinan Misra
Fina-finan Afirka |
31811 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghani%20Animofoshe | Ghani Animofoshe | Ayotunde Ganiyu Anifowoshe (an haife shi ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu, 1985 a Niamey ) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Nijar wanda ke taka leda a Kwara United FC.
Sana'a
Anifowoshe ya taka leda a Göyazan Qazax a lokacin 2004–05 da 2005–06 kakar Azerbaijan da kuma Olimpik Baku a lokacin 2006–07.
Ƙididdigar sana'a
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1985 |
41424 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Namlit%20Boar | Solomon Namlit Boar | Solomon Namliit Boar (An haifeshi ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da takwas 1968) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisar dokokin Ghana. Mamba ne na Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Kishin Kasa, kuma Tsohon Ministan Yanki na sabuwar yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Ghana.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Boar a ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, 1968. Ya fito ne daga garin Bunkpurugu da ke Arewacin ƙasar Ghana.
Ya shiga Jami'ar Cape Coast, Ghana kuma ya yi digirinsa a fannin nazarin gudanarwa a shekara ta 2007. Ya kuma halarci Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, inda ya kammala digirin sa, a fannin (Executive Master of Business Administration, CEMBA) a shekara ta 2012.
Aiki da Siyasa
Manajan Kuɗi da Gudanarwa na, New energy, Tamale
Manaja/mai gudanarwa/ma'aikacin HR
Siyasa
A watan Maris na 2017, Shugaba Nana Akufo-Addo ya naɗa Boar ɗaya daga cikin ministoci mataimakan sa su goma, da za su kafa wani ɓangare na gwamnatinsa. Kwamitin naɗi na majalisar dokokin Ghana ya tantance shi a cikin wannan watan. Kwamitin ya amince da shi kuma aka miƙa sunansa ga shugaban majalisar domin ƙara amincewa daga babban zauren majalisar.
Iyali
Boar Kirista ne ( Baftisma). Yana da aure (da 'ya'ya biyar).
Manazarta
Haihuwan 1968
Rayayyun mutane |
44494 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorien%20Angban | Victorien Angban | Bekanty Victorien Angban (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar 1996), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ivory Coast wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar Sochi ta Rasha.
Aikin kulob
Chelsea
A cikin shekarar 2012, Angban ya koma Chelsea daga Stade d'Abidjan a matsayin mai gwadawa. A shekara ta 2015 ne kawai ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar ta Chelsea a hukumance, bayan da ya samu damar yin aiki bayan ya shafe shekaru uku a kasar.
Lamuni ga Sint-Truiden
A ranar 14 Yuli 2015, an sanar da cewa Angban zai ciyar da kakar wasa a kan aro a kulob din Belgian Sint-Truiden . A ranar 24 ga Yulin 2015, ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin minti na 64 a cikin nasara da ci 2–1 akan Club Brugge a wasansu na farko na kakar wasa. Angban ya fara buga wasansa na farko a ƙungiyar a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, da KV Oostende wanda ya tashi 1-1. A ranar 27 ga Satumbar 2015, An kori Angban a cikin minti na 79, a cikin rashin nasara 1-0 da Anderlecht . A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi jan kati a wasan da suka yi da Anderlecht a cikin mintuna na ƙarshe na rashin nasara da ci 2-1. A ranar 5 ga watan Maris ɗin 2016, an kori Angban a karo na uku, sannan a karawar da suka yi da Club Brugge bayan ya dauko rawaya biyu; wasan ya kare ne da ci 3-0 a hannun Sint-Truiden. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana, Angban ya dauki jimillar katin gargadi 8 kuma an kore shi gaba ɗaya sau 3.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1996 |
4021 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siriya | Siriya | Siriya ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Asiya. Babban birnin ƙasar Siriya shine Damascus. Garin yana da asali da tarihi mai ɗinbun yawa, saboda akwai manyan malamai da masana a fannonin ilimi daban-daban a cikin ƙasar.
Manazarta
Ƙasashen Asiya |
22444 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina%20Nikolova | Nina Nikolova | Nina Vankova Nikolova ƙwararriyar masaniyar yanayin ƙasar Bulgaria ce, kuma farfesa ce a Jami’ar Sofia.
Tarihin rayuwa
Nikolova ta kammala karatu a jami'ar Sofia a cikin shekara ta 1991 tare da digiri a fannin ilimin kasa. Ta kare karatun digirin digirgir a fannin "Canje-canje a yanayin zafin a yankin tsaunuka na Bulgaria" a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1991.
Daga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1999 zuwa watan Janairun shekara ta 2000, ta kasance kwararriya a Cibiyar Nazarin Hasashen yanayi a Tsukuba, Japan, inda ta gudanar da bincike kan sauyin yanayi na duniya da na yanki. Tun a shekara ta 2001 aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiya, sannan kuma a matsayin babbar mataimakiya a sashen nazarin yanayi, ilimin kimiyyar halittu da na ruwa a fannin Kimiyyar kasa da kasa a Jami’ar Sofia.
A shekara ta 2001 aka nada ta a matsayin kwararriyar ilimin kasa a Cibiyar Nazarin Hasashen yanayi da Hydrology a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Bulgaria. Sannan tun daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008 ta kasance mai nuna isa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2018 ta zama farfesa.
Ita edita ce ta mujallu na duniya Geographica Pannonica, Forum Geografie, Acta Hydrologica Slovaca, Bulletin of the Serbian Geographical Society, da Geographic Society of the Republic of Srpska. Ita memba ce ta Kungiyar Kasashen Duniya na Yanayi na andasashe da Kungiyar Kasashen Duniya na omasa a Bulgaria.
Ita ce marubuciya ko kuma marubuciya a cikin rubutun guda 70, nazarin, rahotanni, da littattafan karatu.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Nina Nikolova a kamfanin ResearchGate
Littattafan Nina Nikolova a Google masani
Pages with unreviewed translations |
17551 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus%20Muoka | Lazarus Muoka | Lazarus Muoka fasto ne, minista kuma marubuci a Nijeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Babban Mai Kula da The Lord's Chosen Charismatic Revival Movement.
Tarihi
An haifi Lazarus Muoka a cikin dangin Katolika a Mgbidi a cikin jihar Imo inda ya ci gaba da kammala karatun firamare da sakandare. A shekarar 1975, ya koma Legas ya yi aiki na wani lokaci a karkashin wani kamfani kafin ya fara nasa kasuwancin wanda ya yi har sai da ya ba da ransa ga Kristi a matsayin cikakken kirista.
Manazarta
https://www.hynaija.com/lazarus-muoka-biography/
https://web.archive.org/web/20150713135217/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pastor-lazarus-muoka-speaks-in-lords-chosen-apron/
https://web.archive.org/web/20150713135217/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pastor-lazarus-muoka-speaks-in-lords-chosen-apron/
Rayayyun Mutane |
7225 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow | Lucknow | Lucknow birni ne, da ke a jihar Uttar Pradesh, a ƙasar Indiya. Shi ne babban birnin jihar Uttar Pradesh. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2011, akwai jimilar mutane 2,817,105. An gina birnin Lucknow a karni na sha uku bayan haifuwan annabi Issa.
Hotuna
Manazarta
Biranen Indiya |
38693 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Frank%20Abu | John Frank Abu | John Frank Abu ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma memba na majalisar farko, na biyu da na uku na jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Aminfi ta tsakiya a yankin yammacin Ghana. Tsohon ministan ma'adinai da makamashi ne kuma ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu. Ya kuma kasance Ministan yankin Yamma a tsohuwar gwamnatin National Democratic Congress (NDC).
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
An haifi Abu ne a yankin Aminfi ta tsakiya a yankin yammacin kasar Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Guelph, Kanada inda ya sami digiri na uku a fannin Falsafa, PhD. Ya karanta aikin gona a jami'ar Ghana inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya da digiri na farko.
Siyasa
A cikin 1997, Jerry John Rawlings ya nada shi a matsayin ministan ma'adinai da makamashi. A shekarar 2007, an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban NDC na yankin Yamma inda ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Mista Seidu Adamu da kuri'u 68 zuwa 60.
An fara zaben Abu ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a zaben majalisar dokokin Ghana a shekarar 1992 kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress. Ya kasance a majalisa a karo na biyu a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na Disamba 1996. Ya samu kuri’u 18,644 da ke wakiltar kashi 67.7% cikin 27,551 na sahihin kuri’un da aka kada a kan abokin hamayyarsa Emmanuel O.K Duah wanda ya samu kuri’u 8,136 da ke wakiltar 25.9% da Kofi Osei wanda ya samu kuri’u 624 da ke wakiltar 2.3% da Lawrence K.Afari wanda ya samu kuri’u 2.3% -Amoahene wanda ya kada kuri'a 0.
Zaben 2000
An zabi Abu a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Amenfi ta tsakiya a yankin yammacin Ghana a babban zaben Ghana na shekara ta 2000. Don haka ya wakilci mazabar a majalisa ta uku a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana. An zabe shi da kuri'u 13,319 daga cikin 24,514 jimlar kuri'u masu inganci da aka jefa. Wannan yayi daidai da 54.30% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan Padmore Kofi Arthur na New Patriotic Party, Osei Kofi na Jam'iyyar National Convention Party da George K.Essem-Koffie na Jam'iyyar Convention Peoples Party. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 10,208, 527 da 460 bi da bi na jimlar ingantattun kuri'un da aka kada, daidai da kashi 41.60%, 2.10% da 1.90% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. Jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe kujeru 9 cikin kujeru 19 na yankin yammacin kasar a zaben. Gaba daya jam'iyyar ta samu 'yan tsiraru na wakilai 89 daga cikin kujeru 200 na majalisar dokoki ta 3 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana.
A shekara ta 2001, ya yi Allah wadai da gwamnatin Ghana, saboda rashin samar da ingantattun tsare-tsare don ciyar da fannin hakar ma'adinai gaba a kasar. Bangaren, wanda ya yi iƙirarin yana gab da rugujewa a nan gaba.
Sana'a
Abu shine shugaban kamfanin matatar mai na Tema. Tsohon ministan ma'adinai da makamashi ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan ciniki da masana'antu. Shi ma masanin noma ne.
Rayuwa ta sirri
Abu Kirista ne.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
27615 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20Zayd%20al-Hilali%20%28fim%29 | Abu Zayd al-Hilali (fim) | Abu Zayd al-Hilali wani fim ne da aka yi a Masar shekara ta alif 1947, wanda Ke nuna rayuwar shugaban Larabawa kuma jarumi Abu Zayd al-Hilali a ƙarni na goma. Ezzel Dine Zulficar ne ya ba da umarni kuma Zulficar da Abu Butheina suka rubuta. Tauraro na Faten Hamama, Seraj Munir, da kuma Amina al-Sharif . Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jarumai na Hamama.
Labari
Abu Zayd al-Hilali ta dan da matarsa tserewa da kuma shekaru daga baya, bayan dansa ya girma a cikin wani iko da manufa mutum, yaƙi tsakanin kabilu biyu fara. Dan ya yaki mahaifinsa amma bai san wanda yake fada ba. Banu Hilalis sun fatattaki Banu Zahlani. Komawa gida Abu Zaid ana gaishe da jarumi. Sai aka fara wani gagarumin yaki da ziridu wadanda suka bar shi'anci . Banu Hilalis sun raunana daular Zirid suna washe gonakinsu.
Yan wasa
Seraj Munir a matsayin Abu Zayd al-Hilali
Faten Hamama a matsayin diyar Halifa
Amina Sharif a matsayin mahaifiyar Abu Zayd
Lula Sidqi
Ahmad El Bey
Fakher Fakher
Magana
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Finafinan Misra
Fina-finai |
36202 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splithand%20Township%2C%20Itasca%20County%2C%20Minnesota | Splithand Township, Itasca County, Minnesota | Splithand Township birni ne, da ke a gundumar Itasca, Minnesota, Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 250 a ƙidayar 2010.
Garin Splithand ya ɗauki sunansa daga Split Hand Creek.
Geography
Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na 33.3 murabba'in mil (86.4 km ), wanda 32.6 murabba'in mil (84.4 ) kasa ce kuma 0.8 murabba'in mil (1.9 km ), ko 2.25%, ruwa ne.
Alkaluma
Dangane da ƙidayar na 2000, akwai mutane 256, gidaje 98, da iyalai 76 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 7.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (3.0/km ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 120 a matsakaicin yawa na 3.7/sq mi (1.4/km ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.05% Fari, 0.78% daga sauran jinsi, da 1.17% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.39% na yawan jama'a.
Akwai gidaje 98, daga cikinsu kashi 26.5% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 68.4% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 4.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 22.4% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 17.3% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 9.2% na da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 2.61 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 2.96.
A cikin garin an bazu yawan jama'a, tare da 23.8% a ƙasa da shekaru 18, 6.6% daga 18 zuwa 24, 30.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.6% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 14.8% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 109.8. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 121.6.
Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $37,292, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $40,625. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,339 sabanin $23,750 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $15,904. Kusan 4.8% na iyalai da 8.1% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 4.2% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara sha takwas ba da 12.9% na waɗanda 65 ko sama da haka.
Manazarta |
49727 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gora | Gora | Gora kauye ne a karkashin ƙaramar hukumar Manumfashi da ke a jihar Katsina, Nijeriya.
Manazarta
Garuruwa a Jihar Katsina |
47974 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadendoa | Hadendoa | Handoa (ko Handowa ) sunan wani yanki ne na makiyaya na mutanen Beja, wanda aka sani da goyon bayan tawayen Mahdiyyah a shekarun 1880 zuwa 1890. Yankin da Haendoa ke zama a tarihi yana nan a wasu sassan Sudan, Masar da Eritriya.
Asalin kalmar
In ji Roper (1930), sunan Haɖanɖiwa ya ƙunshi haɖa ‘lion’ da (n) ɖiwa ‘clan’. Wasu bambance-bambancen su ne Haɖai ɖiwa, Hanɖiwa da Haɖaatʼar (’ya’yan zaki).
Harshe
Harshen Handowa yare ne na Bedawi.
Tarihi
Kudancin Beja wani yanki ne na masarautar Kirista ta Axum a cikin ƙarni na shida zuwa goma sha huɗu. A cikin karni na goma sha biyar, Axum ta faɗa cikin musuluntar yankin Sudan, kuma ko da yake Beja ba a taba yin kasa a gwiwa ba, amma sun shiga Musulunci ta hanyar aure da kwangilar kasuwanci. A cikin ƙarni na sha bakwai, wasu daga cikin Beja sun faɗaɗa kudu, suna cin abinci mafi kyau. Waɗannan sun zama Handoa, waɗanda a ƙarni na goma sha takwas su ne manyan mutanen gabashin Sudan, kuma koyaushe suna yaƙi da kabilar Bisharin.
An gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a kan kabilun Masar a karshen shekarun 1800 kuma an kai wasu kwarangwal na mutanen kabilar Handoa zuwa Kwalejin Likitoci ta Sarauta don auna su da nazari.
A al'adance Handowa mutane ne makiyaya, wanda wani sarki na gado ne ke mulki, da ake kira Ma'ahes. Daya daga cikin mashahuran sarakuna shi ne Janar Mahdist mai suna Osman Digna. Ya jagorance su a yakin, daga 1883 zuwa 1898, da Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ( United Kingdom and Egypt suna gudanar da mulkin hadin gwiwa a Sudan. Sun gwabza filin infantry square na Biritaniya a yaƙe-yaƙe da dama, kamar Yaƙin Tamai a 1884 da kuma Yaƙin Tofrek a 1885 kuma sun sami kishin kishi saboda jarumtakarsu. Bayan sake mamaye Sudan ta Masar (1896-98), Handoa ta karɓi sabon tsari ba tare da demur ba.
A yakin duniya na biyu, Handoa sun hada kai da turawan ingila don yakar Italiya.
A cikin shahararrun al'adu
Gashin da aka yi musu dalla-dalla ya sa aka ba su suna Fuzzy-Wuzzy a cikin sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Mahdist, bayan haka Rudyard Kipling ya rubuta waƙar da suna iri ɗaya.
Manazarta |
4812 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Baker | Charles Baker | Charles Baker (an haife shi a shekara ta 1867 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1924) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.
Manazarta
Mutuwan 1924
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila |
45932 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Gumut | Stanley Gumut | Stanley Gumut (an haife shi ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun 1986) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na Najeriya. Shi ɗan asalin garin Jos ne na jihar Filato. Yana da 6 ft. 6 in. (1.98m) tsayi 210 lb. (95 kg) harbi mai tsaro - ƙaramin gaba.
Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya
Gumut ya taka leda a duniya tare da manyan ƴan wasan ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya. Ya buga wasa da Najeriya a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta FIBA a shekarar 2007, 2011 da 2013 .
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Bayanan Bayani na FIBA
Bayanan Bayani na AfroBasket.com
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1986 |
42666 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gidan%20Kayan%20Tarihin%20Gargajiya%20na%20Yanki%20na%20Mykolayev | Gidan Kayan Tarihin Gargajiya na Yanki na Mykolayev | Gidan Kayan Tarihin Gargajiya na Yanki Mykolayiv "Staroflotski Barracks" yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin gidajen tarihi a Ukraine . An kafa shi a ranar 15 (28) ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1913.
Tarihin Gidan
Tarihin gidan kayan gargajiya ya fara ne a shekarar 1803 a Mykolaiv . Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa gidan kayan gargajiya shine Admiral de Traverse. Fiye da shekaru 40 gidan kayan gargajiya ya tattara ayyuka masu mahimmanci na masu fikira daga daukakin yankin. Shaidu wadanda suka ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya a farkon karni na 19 sun tabbatar da cewa gidan kayan gargajiya ya kunshi tsoffin wuraren tarihi na archaeological, kamar ma'adanai, harsashi, dabbobin da aka cushe, abubuwan da suka shafi al'adu . Hakanan kuma akwai taswira, tsare-tsaren birane, gine-gine da samfuran jirgi . Kayan sun kasance na gargajiya a wancan lokacin - a nan kayan tarihi na asali na nan a kusa da tsohon. A cikin shekaru 30 na karni na 19 an watsa abubuwan da ke cikin gidan kayan tarihin zuwa Odessa, Kherson da Kerch, kuma kadan ne daga cikin kayayykin ke nan a yankin Mykolaiv.
Gidan kayan tarihin a yau
A yau, ana yawan ziyartar gidan kayan tarihi na gargajiya na Yanki na "Staroflotski Barracks". Ana baje kolin abubuwa sama da dubu 180 anan. Da farko, akwai wani nau'i na musamman na halitta, kayan tarihi na archaeological, wanda aka fara daga zamanin Paleolithic na marigayi, da kuma zamanin Cossack, tarin litattafai na da, abubuwan bauta, ethnography, numismatics, makamai, da dai sauransu.
Babban gudunmawa ga gidan kayan tarihin na Mykolaiv ya kasance daga Liudmyla Hlopynska, ma'aikaciya mai karrama al'adun Ukraine, wacce ta lashe lambar yabo ta Shevchenko ta kasa . Ta sadaukar da dukkan ayyukanta na fasaha ga gidan tarihin. Ta kasance mai bincike kuma shugabar Gidan Tarihi na Shipbuildingeet kuma Darakta na Gidan Tarihi na Yanki na Mykolayiv. A lokacin jagorancinta an kawo hadadden barikin Staroflotski zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya. Masanin gine-gine K. Ackroyd ne ya gina su a tsakiyar karni na 19.
Tun daga shekara ta 2012, gidan kayan gargajiya ya koma wani sabon wuri. Yana nan a tsohon barikin Staroflotski. Tana nan akan titin Admiralska kusa da Kwalejin Gina. Ana sa ran bude gidan kayan gargajiya a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012.
Duba kuma
Mykolaiv
VV Vereshchagin Mykolaiv Art Museum
Manazarta
Littafi Mai Tsarki
Kryuchkov, YS "Tarihin Nikolaev daga tushe har zuwa yau" - Nikolaev: MP "Damar Cimmeria", 1996. - 299 p.
Vadaturskyy Alex "Birnin da na fi so Nikolaev" - Nikolaev: MP "NIBULON", 2002. - 189 p.
Scherban Y. "Tsohon Nikolaev: ƙamus na toponymic - jagora" - Nikolaev. Univ Irina Gudym, 2008. - 128 p., Rashin lafiya.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
General Information About Museum
The Last News About Museum
Changes In Museum
Museum Gallery
Gidajen tarihi a Yukren
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba |
30206 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom%20of%20Mobile%20Multimedia%20Access | Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access | Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access ( FOMA ) shine sunan alamar sabis na sadarwar 3G na tushen W-CDMA wanda mai ba da sabis na sadarwa na Japan NTT DoCoMo ke bayarwa . Yana aiwatar da Tsarin Sadarwar Wayar hannu ta Duniya (UMTS) kuma shine sabis na bayanan wayar hannu na 3G na farko a duniya don fara ayyukan kasuwanci.
NTT DoCoMo kuma yana ba da sabis na HSPA mai suna FOMA High-Speed ( FOMAハイスピード), wanda ke ba da saurin saukar da sauri zuwa 7.2 Mbit/s da haɓakawa zuwa 5.7 Mbit/s.
Tarihi
NTT DoCoMo ya haɓaka hanyar haɗin iska ta W-CDMA, wanda shine nau'i na DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence CDMA), a ƙarshen 1990s. . Daga baya ITU ta karɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na iska da yawa don shirin IMT-2000telecom kuma ta ETSI a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na iska guda uku don ma'aunin hanyar sadarwar wayar salula ta UMTS .
NTT DoCoMo da farko ya shirya ƙaddamar da sabis na 3G na farko a duniya, wanda aka fara yiwa alama Frontier of Mobile Multimedia Access ( FOMA ), a cikin Mayu 2001. Koyaya, a watan Mayu 2001, NTT DoCoMo ta dage ƙaddamar da cikakken sikelin har zuwa Oktoba 2001, suna da'awar ba su kammala gwajin dukkanin kayayyakin aikin su ba, kuma za su ƙaddamar da gwajin gabatarwa kawai ga masu biyan kuɗi 4,000. A yin haka, sun kuma canza sunan sabis ɗin zuwa Freedom of Mobile multimedia Access . A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2001 masu biyan kuɗi na gwaji sun yi korafin cewa wayoyin hannu ba su da isasshen batir kuma suna yin faɗuwa akai-akai, cewa babu isasshiyar hanyar sadarwa, kuma akwai matsalolin tsaro a cikin wayar kanta. Sakamakon haka, DoCoMo ya tuno da wayoyin hannu guda 1,500 a ƙarshen Yuni 2001. An ƙaddamar da FOMA cikin nasara a cikin Oktoban shekara ta 2001, yana ba da sadarwar wayar hannu zuwa Tokyo da Yokohama .
Da farko - a matsayin sabis na 3G na farko na farko a duniya - Na'urar wayar hannu ta FOMA ta farko sun kasance na gwaji ne, suna yin niyya ga masu karɓa na farko, sun fi girma fiye da wayoyin hannu na baya, suna da ƙarancin batir, yayin da cibiyar sadarwa ta farko ta rufe cibiyar kawai. na manyan garuruwa da biranen Japan. A cikin shekaru 1-2 na farko, FOMA shine ainihin sabis na gwaji don masu riko da farko - wanda ya fi karkata akan ƙwararrun masana'antar sadarwa.
Kamar yadda NTT DoCoMo bai jira ƙarewa da ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sadarwa na 3G Release 99 ba, cibiyar sadarwar su ta 3G W-CDMA da farko ba ta dace da ƙa'idar UMTS da aka tura ta duniya ba. Koyaya, a cikin 2004 NTT DoCoMo ya aiwatar da haɓaka mai faɗi akan hanyar sadarwar sa, yana kawo shi cikin yarda da ƙayyadaddun bayanai tare da ba da damar dacewa 100% tare da wayoyin hannu na UMTS, gami da yawo mai shigowa da mai fita.
Kusan Maris na shekara ta 2004, hanyar sadarwar FOMA ta sami karɓuwa da yawa, kuma tallace-tallacen wayar hannu ya ƙaru. Tun daga ranar 29 ga watan Satumba na shekara ta, 2007, FOMA tana da masu biyan kuɗi sama da miliyan 40.
Tasha
NTT DoCoMo yana ba da nau'ikan wayoyin hannu masu alamar FOMA, waɗanda aka yi su musamman don kasuwar Japan. Wayoyin hannu na FOMA sun bambanta da wayoyin hannu na yammacin UMTS ta fuskoki da dama, misali:
Daidaitaccen tsarin menu da caja.
Takamaiman siffofi na Japan kamar i-mode ko Osaifu-Keitai (walat ɗin lantarki).
Multiband-support, wanda ya haɗa da band VI a 800 MHz don FOMA Plus-Arewa (sabbin samfura).
Babu tallafi don aiki mai nau'i biyu tare da GSM/EDGE (sai dai wasu samfuran DoCoMo da aka yiwa alama a matsayin World Wing).
Rarraba yawan mitoci
A cikin babban birni, FOMA tana amfani da ƙungiyar UMTS I a kusa da 2100 MHz, wanda aka sanya asali zuwa sabis na IMT-2000 a duk duniya, sai a cikin Amurka. Domin inganta ɗaukar hoto a yankunan karkara da tsaunuka, NTT DoCoMo yana ba da sabis na FOMA a cikin 800. Ƙungiya ta MHz ta asali an sanya ta zuwa sabis na 2G PDC mova, wanda yayi dai-dai da UMTS band VI kuma yayi kama da band V da ake amfani dashi a Amurka . Waɗannan wuraren da aka faɗaɗa sabis ɗin suna da alamar FOMA Plus-Area ( FOMAプラスエリア) kuma suna buƙatar tashoshi masu yawa.
Manazarta
Wayar Hannu
Yanar Gizo |
50222 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Curle | Keith Curle | Keith Curle (an haife shi 14ga watan Nuwambar shekara 1963) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila, kuma tsohon kwararren ɗan wasa, wanda kwanan nan shine manajan ƙungiyar League Two Hartlepool United. Ya taka leda a matsayin tsakiyar baya daga 1981 zuwa 2005, musamman a gasar Premier ga Manchester City, inda kuma shi ne kyaftin din kulob din. Ya kuma taka leda a Bristol Rovers, Torquay United, Bristol City, Karatu, Wimbledon, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Sheffield United, Barnsley . An yi wa Ingila wasa sau uku kuma ya samu kofuna hudu a matakin kungiyar B.
Ya zama manajan dan wasa na Mansfield Town a 2002, inda ya kasance har zuwa 2005. Daga baya ya sarrafa Chester City, Torquay United, Notts County, Carlisle United, Northampton Town da Oldham Athletic
Sana'ar wasa
An haife shi a Bristol, Curle ya fara aikinsa a kulob din Bristol Rovers na garinsu, wanda ya fara zira kwallo a raga a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1981 a cikin (tsohuwar) Division na uku da Chester . Ya bar yanayi biyu daga baya don shiga Torquay United akan £ 5,000 amma ya zauna a Plainmoor na watanni hudu kawai kafin ya koma garinsa na haihuwa, wannan lokacin tare da Bristol City.
Robins sun sami nasara daga mataki na huɗu a ƙarshen kakar 1983–84 jim kaɗan bayan zuwan Curle. Ya kasance tare da kulob din na tsawon shekaru uku a cikin jirgi na uku, yana tara wasanni 128 gaba daya. A ƙarshe ya bar Ashton Gate don shiga Reading akan £ 150,000 a cikin Oktoba 1987.
Bayan shekara daya a Karatu - a lokacin ne Reading ta lashe gasar cin kofin Simod kuma an fitar da su daga gasar ta biyu – ya yi tafiyar £500,000 zuwa Dibi daya da masu rike da kofin FA Wimbledon . Ya shafe shekaru biyu da rabi yana fafatawa da kungiyar Crazy Gang kafin Manchester City ta biya shi kudi fam miliyan 2.5 a cikin watan Agustan 1991. Wannan shi ne mafi girman kuɗaɗen haɗin gwiwa da wata ƙungiyar Biritaniya ta biya wa mai tsaron baya a lokacin, kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan kuɗin da ake biyan ɗan wasan kowane matsayi.
Lokacinsa na farko a Maine Road ya ga kammala gasar 5th kuma ya sa aka kira shi zuwa tawagar Ingila, ya fara halarta a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1992 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan sada zumunci 2-2 da CIS a Moscow. Bayan da aka fara wasa a karawar da suka yi (ci 1-0 a kan Hungary ), an zabe shi a cikin 'yan wasan da za su buga gasar Euro '92 . Anan, ya rufe a dama-baya a wasansu na bude wasan babu ci da Denmark, amma bai taka kara ya karya ba kamar yadda al'ummar kasar suka fadi a matakin farko kuma ba a sake zaba ba.
Komawa tare da kulob dinsa, Curle ya ci gaba da zama kyaftin din kulob din amma sun kasa daidaita matsayinsu na 5 bayan da aka kori manajan Peter Reid kuma a karshe ya sha wahala relegation a cikin 1995-96 kakar . Curle ya ci gaba da zama tare da kulob din a lokacin pre-season na yakin neman zabe na gaba amma nan da nan aka cire shi daga mukamin kyaftin dinsa kuma aka sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen canja wuri kafin a sayar da shi ga Wolves a watan Agustan 1996 kan £650,000
Manazarta
'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila
Rayayyun mutane |
17653 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankin%20Larabawa | Yankin Larabawa | Yankin Larabawa yanki ne a kudu maso yammacin Asiya a mahaɗar Afirka da Asiya . Tana gabas da Habasha da arewacin Somaliya ; kudancin Isra’ila , yankunan Falasdinawa da ake takaddama kansu, da Jordan ; da kuma kudu maso yamma na Iran .
Ruwan da ke kewayen Arabiya sune: a kudu maso yamma da Bahar Maliya da Tekun Aqaba ; a kudu maso gabas Tekun Larabawa ; kuma a arewa maso gabashin Tekun Oman da na Tekun Fasiya .
Larabawa sun haɗa da ƙasashen:
Saudi Arabiya
Yemen
Oman
Kuwait
Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa
Qatar
Bahrain
Yankin wani yanki ne na Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma wannan galibi yana nufin yankin Larabawa tare da Levant da Mesopotamia . Kalmar "Arabia" galibi tana nufin Saudiyya kawai.
Ƙasar Saudi Arabiya ta mamaye kusan dukkanin ƙasar Larabawa. Mafi yawan mazauna yankin na larabawa suna rayuwa ne a Saudiyya da Yemen. Arewacin Larabawa na da mahimman rijiyoyin mai . Canjin yanayi da karancin ruwa sun shafi dukkan wannan yankin. Ruwa ya yi ƙaranci saboda adadin mutane ya girma sosai. Mafi yawan koguna ana tatsewa ne a saman hanyoyinsu, wanda ke rage ruwa a can kasan kogunan.
Waje / ilimin ƙasa
Farantin Larabawa ƙaramin farantin tectonic ne a arewaci da gabas. Mafi shaharar yanayin yankin larabawa shine hamada . A kudu maso yamma akwai jerin tsaunuka. Waɗannan suna samun ƙarin ruwan sama fiye da sauran yankin teku.
Manazarta
Shafuka masu alaƙa
Tarihin larabawa
Sauran yanar gizo
Arabia harkokin wajen Birtaniyar, Office, 1920
Larabawa
Ƙasashen Asiya
Duniya |
59005 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogin%20Buffalo%20%28KwaZulu-Natal%29 | Kogin Buffalo (KwaZulu-Natal) | Kogin Buffalo ( Zulu; Afrikaans)ita ce mafi girma a cikin kogin Tugela a Afirka ta Kudu .Tare da jimlar tsawon 426 km (265 mi),tushensa yana cikin Tudun Majuba,"Tudun Doves" a cikin harshen Zulu,dake arewa maso gabashin Volksrust,kusa da iyakar Mpumalanga / KwaZulu-Natal.Ta bi hanyar kudu zuwa KwaZulu-Natal ta wuce Newcastle sannan ta juya kudu maso gabas ta hanyar Rorke's Drift,kafin ta shiga kogin Tugela a Ngubevu kusa da Nkandla.A cikin karni na sha tara ta kafa wani yanki na iyaka tsakanin Colony na Natal da Zululand.
Kogin Buffalo yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa, da suka haɗa da Ingagane daga SW da Kogin Jini daga NE,wanda yake haɗuwa kusa da Dutsen Kandi. Rorke's Drift wani yanki ne mai tsallaka kogin Buffalo wanda yana daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren yakin Anglo-Zulu na 1878-79 kuma Isandhlwana wani muhimmin wuri ne na wannan yakin da ke kusan 20. km SE na kogin, ba da nisa da haɗuwa da Tugela ba.
Tafsiri |
43570 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrik%20Schick%20ne%20adam%20wata | Patrik Schick ne adam wata | Patrik Schick (an haife shi a 24 ga watan Janairu shekarai 1996) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne mai buga gaba na qasar Czech republick wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga ƙungiyar Bundesliga Bayer Leverkusen da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar ta Czech Republic .
An haife shine a Prague, Schick ya fara aikinsa buga wasanni tare da qungiyar na gida Sparta Prague, yana tasowa ta hanyar matasan zaqaquransu su, kafin ya fara halarta na farko a matsayin matashi. A cikin shekarai 2016, yana da shekaru ashirin kacal 20, ya sami koma baya zuwa Sampdoria a qasar Italiya bayan da ya yi ban sha'awa tare da Bohemians a shekarai 1905 . Bayan kakar wasa ta farko mai ban sha'awa da qawatarwa a seria na qasar Italiya, ya koma Roma a cikin 2017 don ƙimar rikodin rikodin kulob din. A cikin 2019, Schick ya koma Jamus don shiga RB Leipzig a matsayin aro na tsawon lokaci kafin ya koma abokan hamayyar Bundesliga Bayer Leverkusen na dindindin a cikin Satumba 2020.
Sparta Prague ne ta hango dan wasan wanda aka haifaffen garin Prague ne lokacin yana yaro dan shekara sha daya 11. Ya yi wasansa na farko da Sparta a ranar uku 3 ga watan Mayu shekarar dubu biyu da shahudu 2014 a cikin rashin nasara dasukayi an dokesu daci uku da daya ci 3–1 a Teplice . Sparta za ta ci nasara sau biyu na wannan kamfen amma bayyanar hudu a kan kamfen biyu na nufin Schick ya ketare gari don shiga Bohemians 1905 akan aro don kakar 2015–16. Ya zira kwallaye 8 a wasanni 27 na Bohemians a lokacin yakin faduwa. Schick ya koma Sparta kuma ana sa ran zai yi fice a kulob din a kakar wasa ta 2016-17, amma David Lafata ya fi so kuma lokacin da Sparta ta ba Schick sabon kwantiragi, wakilinsa ya ki amincewa.
Schick ya saka hannu kan kwantiragin kan Sampdoria a watan Yuni shekarai dubu biyu da shashidda 2016 akan farashin kan yuro miliyan hudu na €4 miliyan. A kakar wasa ta farko a Italiya, ya bayyana a wasanni 32 na gasar kuma ya zira kwallaye 11 a Sampdoria. Ya fara sau 14 kuma ya sami damar samun bayan raga sau ɗaya a kowane minti 137.
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1996 |
43794 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim%20Handawy | Karim Handawy | Karim Handawy ( ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu 1988) ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne ɗan ƙasar Masar wanda ke buga wasa a kulob ɗin Khaleej da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar.
Ya wakilci Masar a Gasar Wasannin kwallon Hannu na Maza ta Duniya a shekarun 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, da 2023 da kuma a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarun 2020 da 2016.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1988 |
36390 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusurwa | Kusurwa | Kusurwa wannan kalmar na nufin lungu da aka ɓoye abu ko kuma abun ya ɓoye.
Misali
Ɓera ya ɓoye a kusurwar ɗaki.
Manazarta |
39070 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Will | Sarah Will | Sarah Will ’yar wasan tsere ce ta nakasassu wacce ta shafe shekaru 11 a cikin Kungiyar Nakasassu ta Amurka. A wannan lokacin, ta sami lambar yabo 13 (zinari 12, azurfa 1) yayin da take fafatawa a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi guda hudu tsakanin 1992 da 2002. An ba ta suna zuwa dakin wasan Olympic na Amurka a watan Yulin 2009 kuma mamba ce a gasar Olympics ta Amurka. Cibiyar Ski ta Amurka da Snowboard na Fame.
Will ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara, mai magana da jama'a kuma ita ce mai horar da baƙo mai daidaitawa a duk faɗin duniya. Sarah mai ba da shawara ce ga mutanen da ke da nakasa a cikin al'ummar Vail.
Rayuwa
Ta zama gurgu a cikin 1988 a wani hatsarin tseren kankara.
Sarah ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa na farko da suka daidaita da suka yi gasa a XGames a karon farko na Monoskier X, inda ta samu lambar tagulla a bangaren mata. A shekara mai zuwa ta sanya 4th a bude Monoskier X Cross, kasancewar mace daya tilo a fagen fafatawa 16.
Bayan ya yi ritaya daga gasar, Will ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sharhi don XGames na ESPN. Sarah kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sharhi ga NBC Universal Sports ɗaukar hoto game da wasannin Paralympic a Vancouver, BC da kuma wasanni masu zuwa a Sochi, Rasha.
A cikin lokacinta, Sarah tana jin daɗin yin zane, musamman don abubuwan sadaka.
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
10546 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata | Mata |
Wacce ba mutum namiji ba, misali Wancan matar.
Mace jinsi na akasin namiji
matan aure suna ga wacce take da aure. |
42858 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadizatou%20Mani | Hadizatou Mani | Hadizatou Mani (an haife ta a shekara ta 1984) ƴar fafutukar kare haƙƙin bil adama ce daga Nijar da ta yi fafutukar 'yantar da kanta daga bauta a kotunan shari'a.
Rayuwa
An haifi Mani a shekara ta 1984 a Nijar. An sayar da ita a bauta/baiwa tana da shekaru goma sha biyu akan dala 500. Bauta haramun ce a Nijar, amma kuma tun daga shekara ta 2003, kuma har yanzu ana bayyana shi. An sanya ta aiki kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya uku ga maigidanta. Ya yi da'awar cewa ita matarsa ce ba kuyangarsa ba. Hakan ya sa ya zarge ta da bigamy lokacin da ta auri wani. An tura Mani gidan yari na tsawon watanni shida amma an ƙarfafa mata gwiwa ta ɗaukaka ƙara.
Bayan da ta yi amfani da kotuna wajen soke hukuncin da aka yanke mata an ba ta diyyar dala 20,000 sannan aka karrama ta da lambar yabo ta mata masu ƙarfin gwiwa ta duniya a shekarar 2009. Ta kasance cikin jerin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya na 2009 na Time Magazine kuma an karrama ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC a cikin Disamba 2022.
Manazarta
Haihuwan 1984
Rayayyun mutane |
57848 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenodiscus | Sphenodiscus | Articles with 'species' microformats
Sphenodiscus Wani barewa ne na acanthoceratacean ammonite. An samo nau'in jinsin daga nahiyoyi da yawa kuma ana tunanin ya sami babban rarraba a duniya a lokacin Maastrichtian mataki na Late Cretaceous.Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ammonoids na ƙarshe da suka samo asali kafin gabaɗayan rukunin su zama batattu a lokacin Paleocene, wanda ya kasance kai tsaye bayan taron bacewar Cretaceous–Paleogene.
An gano burbushin halittu a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amirka daga yankuna a Kudancin Carolina, North Carolina, South Dakota, Maryland, New Jersey da Mexico. Har ila yau,akwai shaidar jinsin da ke kasancewa daga tsibirin Trinidad,ko da yake ba za a iya rarraba kayan da aka samo daga nan ba a matakin jinsin. Yawancin nau'ikan da ake samu a Arewacin Amurka sun haɗa da S.lobatus,S.lenticularis, da S.pleurisepta . An samo sabbin nau'ikan daga yankuna a wajen Arewacin Amurka kamar S.binkhorsti daga Tsarin Maastricht a cikin Netherlands,S.siva daga Tsarin Valudavur a Indiya da S.brasiliensis daga gadaje tare da bankunan Rio Gramame a Brazil. An kuma sami samfurori da yawa na S.lobatus daga Nkporo Shale a Najeriya.
An daidaita harsashi na Sphenodiscus kuma daga baya an matse shi tare da magudanar ruwa da ƙaramar cibiya.Gefen huhu na harsashi yana mai da hankali sosai.Filayen waje gabaɗaya santsi ne a cikin samfuran burbushin halittu,kodayake wasu nau'ikan a matakai daban-daban na ci gaban ontogenic na iya mallakar ƙananan tubercles masu yawa tare da saman su. Sphenodiscus yana da tsari mai sarƙaƙƙiya mai sarƙaƙƙiya tare da ƙananan ƙananan lobes da sirdi masu yawa.
Nassoshi |
21320 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana%20Schmidt | Jana Schmidt | Jana Schmidt (an haife tane a ranar 13 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1972) Yar wasa ne na nakasassu daga Jamus da ke fafatawa galibi a cikin wasannin T42 na tsere da filin wasa .
Wasannin wasanni
Schmidt ta fara wakiltar Jamus ne a gasar nakasassu ta nakasassu ta bazara a shekarar 2008 a Beijin, inda ta fafata a wasan harbi da harbi. Zai dauki wasu shekaru hudu kafin ta cimma nasarar kammala gasar wasannin nakasassu ta nakasassu, lokacin da ta lashe lambar tagulla a tseren mita 100 a gasar bazara ta nakasassu ta shekarar 2012 a London . Kazalika nasarar da ta samu a gasar nakasassu, Schmidt ta lashe lambobin yabo a Gasar Duniya da Turai. A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta yi rawar gani ta tsalle-tsalle, tsalle-tsalle da jifa, tare da kammalawa mafi kyau ita ce lambar zinare a harbin da aka saka a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta shekarar 2013 a Lyon.
Bayanan kula
Hanyoyin haɗin waje
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1972
Mutane daga Teterow |
35415 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Elechi | Martin Elechi | Martin Elechi masanin tattalin arziki ne dan Najeriya kuma dan siyasa. Ya yi Gwamnan Jihar Ebonyi daga 2007 zuwa 2015. Ya tsaya takara a zaben Najeriya na 2007 akan tikitin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) kuma ya karbi mukamin a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun, 2007, inda ya gaji Sam Egwu. Elechi ya yi nasarar sake tsayawa takara a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2011. A shekarar 2017 Elechi ya fice daga jam’iyyar People Democratic Party (PDP) zuwa jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress (APC).
Duba kuma
Jerin mutanen jihar Ebonyi
Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya
Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Ebonyi
Manazarta
Rayayyun mutane |
59916 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanamarey | Yanamarey | Yanamarey(wataƙila daga Quechua yana baki, maran, maray batan ko niƙa, maray don rushewa, ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa, black batan or grindstone) ko Yanaraju dutse ne a cikin Cordillera Blanca a cikin Andes na Peru, kimanin babba. Tana tsakanin lardunan Recuay da Huari, a cikin Ancash. Yanamaray yana gabashin Pucaraju da arewa maso gabashin tafkin Querococha, tsakanin Matashcu a arewa da Cahuish a kudu.
Kogin Yanamaray ya samo asali ne daga yammacin dutsen. Tana samar da Qiruqucha da narkakken ruwan glacier na Yanamarey kafin ya zube cikin kogin Santa.
Abubuwan lura na shekara-shekara sun nuna cewa glacier na Yanamarey yana saurin ja da baya a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.
Duba kuma
Waraqayuq
Manazarta |