TokenfreeEMNLPSubmission/SimpleDC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Expert stringlengths 4 472	Simple stringlengths 4 477
During this test, the doctor might notice a small bump in the stomach wall that turns out to be a carcinoid tumor.	During this test, the doctor might notice a small bump in the stomach wall that turns out to be a carcinoid tumor. Another test doctors use is a colonoscopy. In this test, a bendable tube with a light is used to look at the large bowel.
Sometimes during colorectal cancer screening, a routine sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy (looking at the large bowel through a flexible lighted tube) will incidentally find a small carcinoid tumor.	Sometimes during colorectal cancer screening tests (like an endoscopy or colonoscopy), a small carcinoid tumor can be found by accident.
Sometimes when the appendix is removed (to treat appendicitis or as part of a larger operation), a small carcinoid tumor is found at the tip.	Sometimes when the appendix is taken out for another reason, a small carcinoid tumor is found at the tip.
This happens in about 1 of every 300 people who have appendix surgery.	This happens to about 1 of every 300 people who have appendix surgery so not very much.
Most of these carcinoids were too small to have caused any symptoms.	Most of these carcinoids were too small to cause any problems.
Original Text	Simplified Text
It is often hard to find liver cancer early because signs and symptoms often do not appear until it is in its later stages.	It is often hard to find liver cancer early because signs and symptoms often do not appear until it is in its later stages.
Small liver tumors are hard to detect on a physical exam because most of the liver is covered by the right rib cage.	Small liver tumors are hard to detect on a physical exam because most of the liver is covered by the right rib cage.
By the time a tumor can be felt, it might already be quite large.	By the time a tumor can be felt, it might already be quite large.
At this time, there are no widely recommended screening tests for liver cancer in people who are at average risk.	At this time, there are no widely recommended screening tests for liver cancer in people who are at average risk.
(Screening means testing for cancer in people who have no symptoms or history of cancer.)	(Screening means testing for cancer in people who have no symptoms or history of cancer.)
But testing might be recommended for some people at higher risk.	But testing might be recommended for some people at higher risk.
Original Text	Simplified Text
Worldwide, liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death.	In the whole world, liver cancer is ranked #6 on the list of cancers that most people have and #3 in the list of cancers that cause people to die.
In the United States, rates are highest in American Indian or Alaska Native individuals.	In the United States, the people who get liver cancer the most are American Indian or Alaska Native people.
Liver cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.	Liver cancer is ranked #6 on the list of cancers that cause people to die in the United States.
Liver cancer causes and risk factors	Liver cancer causes and risk factors
The most common type of liver cancer in adults, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), typically develops in people with chronic (long-lasting) liver disease caused by hepatitis virus infection or cirrhosis.	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the kind of liver cancer that most adults have. Most of the time, it happens in people who have a bad liver caused by sickness that has been there a long time.
Men are more likely to develop HCC than women.	Men usually have HCC more than women.
People with multiple risk factors have an even higher risk.	_______________________more of a chance of getting liver cancer. These are called risk factors.
Many risk factors have been associated with liver cancer.	People with more than one risk factor have an even bigger chance.
Not everyone with one or more of these risk factors will develop the disease, and the disease will develop in some people who don’t have any known risk factors.	Not everybody with one or more of these risk factors will get liver cancer, and some people can get liver cancer and not have any risk factors.
Risk factors include the following: >Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection : HBV can be transmitted in blood, semen , or other body fluids.	Some risk factors are: >Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection : HBV is a virus that you can get from someone else’s blood or other liquids that come from their body.
The infection can be passed from mother to child during childbirth, through sexual contact, or by sharing needles that are used to inject drugs.	HBV can be passed from a mother to her baby when the mother is having the baby, or through having sex, or using the same needle as someone else.
It can cause inflammation (swelling) of the liver that leads to cancer.	It can cause problems with the liver that can turn into cancer.
Routine HBV vaccination in infancy is reducing the incidence of HBV infection.	Getting a shot for HBV when you are a baby can help keep you from getting HBV.
Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of liver cancer in Asia and Africa.	HBV is the #1 reason that people get liver cancer in Asia and Africa.
>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection : HCV can be transmitted in the blood.	>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection : You can get HCV from someone else’s blood.
The infection can be spread by sharing needles that are used to inject drugs or, less often, through sexual contact.	You can get HCV by using the same needle as someone else or sometimes from having sex.
In the past, it was also spread during blood transfusions or organ transplants .	You used to have a chance of getting HCV by getting blood through a vein or during a kind of surgery called an organ transplant.
Today, blood banks test all donated blood for HCV, which greatly lowers the risk of getting the virus from blood transfusions.	Now, when a person gives blood, it is checked for HCV, and that means that there is less of a chance of someone getting the virus when they get blood through their vein.
It can cause cirrhosis that may lead to liver cancer.	HCV can cause a disease called cirrhosis that may cause liver cancer.
Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of liver cancer in North America, Europe, and Japan.	HCV is the #1 reason that people get liver cancer in North America, Europe, and Japan.
>Cirrhosis : The risk of developing liver cancer is increased for people who have cirrhosis, a disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue .	>Cirrhosis : You have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer if you have cirrhosis, which is a disease where a healthy liver becomes unhealthy.
The scar tissue blocks the flow of blood through the liver and keeps it from working as it should.	When the liver becomes unhealthy, blood cannot get to the liver and it stops working like it should.
Chronic alcoholism and chronic hepatitis infections are common causes of cirrhosis.	Drinking too much alcohol and having infections in your liver can be reasons for getting cirrhosis.
People with HCV-related cirrhosis have a higher risk of developing liver cancer than people with cirrhosis related to HBV or alcohol use.	People with cirrhosis that is caused by HCV will have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer than people who have cirrhosis caused by alcohol or HBV.
>Heavy alcohol use :	>Drinking too much alcohol:
Heavy alcohol use can cause cirrhosis, which is a risk factor for liver cancer.	Drinking too much alcohol can cause cirrhosis, which gives you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.
Liver cancer can also occur in heavy alcohol users who do not have cirrhosis.	People who drink too much alcohol and do not have cirrhosis can still get liver cancer.
Heavy alcohol users who have cirrhosis are ten times more likely to develop liver cancer, compared with heavy alcohol users who do not have cirrhosis.	People who drink too much alcohol and have cirrhosis have a much bigger chance of getting liver cancer than people who drink too much and do not have cirrhosis.
Studies have shown there is also an increased risk of liver cancer in people with HBV or HCV infection who use alcohol heavily.	Some people who study cancer believe that people with HBV or HCV who drink a lot of alcohol have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.
>Aflatoxin B1 : The risk of developing liver cancer may be increased by eating foods that contain aflatoxin B1 (poison from a fungus that can grow on foods, such as corn and nuts, that have been stored in hot, humid places).	>Aflatoxin B1 : Eating foods that have aflatoxin B1 in them can give you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer. Aflatoxin is poisonous and can grow on foods, corn and nuts, that have been kept in hot, steamy places.
It is most common in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China.	This happens most in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China.
>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) :	>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) :
NASH is a condition that can cause cirrhosis that may lead to liver cancer.	NASH is a problem that can cause cirrhosis which can lead to liver cancer.
It is the most severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, where there is an abnormal amount of fat in the liver.	NASH is the worst kind of nonalcoholic (not caused by alcohol) fatty liver disease, where there is too much fat in the liver.
In some people, this can cause inflammation and injury to the cells of the liver.	In some people, this can hurt the liver.
Having NASH-related cirrhosis increases the risk of developing liver cancer.	People who have the NASH kind of cirrhosis have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.
Liver cancer has also been found in people with NASH who do not have cirrhosis.	People who have NASH who do not have cirrhosis can also get liver cancer.
>Cigarette smoking : Cigarette smoking has been linked to a higher risk of liver cancer.	>Smoking Cigarettes can give you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years the person has smoked.	It depends on the number of cigarettes that a person smokes each day and for how many years.
>Other conditions : Certain rare medical and genetic conditions may increase the risk of liver cancer.	>Some other problems can give you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.
These conditions include the following:	These problems are:
>untreated hereditary hemochromatosis	>untreated hereditary hemochromatosis
>alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency	>alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
>glycogen storage disease	>glycogen storage disease
>porphyria cutanea tarda	>porphyria cutanea tarda
>Wilson disease	>Wilson disease
Liver cancer prevention	Liver cancer prevention
Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer.	Cancer prevention = things that you can do to help keep you from getting cancer.
By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered.	By doing these things, the number of people who get cancer will be lower.
Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer.	The hope is that this will also lower the number of people who die from cancer.
Anything that increases your chance of getting cancer is called a risk factor.	Anything that gives you a bigger chance of getting cancer is called a risk factor.
Anything that lowers your chance of getting cancer is called a cancer protective factor.	Anything that gives you a smaller chance of getting cancer is called a protective factor.
Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors.	Part of Prevention is keeping away from risk factors and trying to do more protective factors.
The following are protective factors for liver cancer: >Getting the hepatitis B vaccine :	These are protective factors to help keep you from getting liver cancer: >Get the hepatitis B vaccine:
Preventing HBV infection (by being vaccinated for HBV as a newborn) has been shown to lower the risk of liver cancer in children.	Giving the HBV vaccine to babies can lower the chance of them getting liver cancer when they are a child.
It is not yet known if being vaccinated lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults.	But we do not know yet if that will lower the chance of them getting liver cancer when they are an adult.
>Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection : Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy.	>Get treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Different kinds of treatment for people with chronic HBV infection are interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy.
These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer.	These treatments can help lower the chance of getting liver cancer.
>Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1 : Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.	>Make sure you don’t eat foods that have a lot of aflatoxin B1 in them. Instead, eat foods with a much smaller about of the poison in them. This can lower the chance of getting liver cancer.
Original Text	Simplified Text
Pancreatic cancer is hard to find early.	Pancreatic cancer is hard to find early.
The pancreas is deep inside the body, so early tumors can’t be seen or felt by health care providers during routine physical exams.	The pancreas is deep inside the body. Early tumors can’t be seen or felt by health care providers during routine physical exams.
People usually have no symptoms until the cancer has become very large or has already spread to other organs.	People usually have no symptoms until the cancer has become very large or has spread to other organs.
For certain types of cancer, screening tests or exams are used to look for cancer in people who have no symptoms (and who have not had that cancer before).	There are screening tests or exams that are used to look for cancer in people who have no symptoms (and who have not had that cancer before).
But for pancreatic cancer, no major professional groups currently recommend routine screening in people who are at average risk.	But for pancreatic cancer, there are currently no recommended routine screening in people who are at average risk.
This is because no screening test has been shown to lower the risk of dying from this cancer.	This is because no screening test has been shown to lower the risk of dying from this cancer.
Genetic testing for people who might be at increased risk	Genetic testing for people who might be at increased risk
Some people might be at increased risk of pancreatic cancer because of a family history of the disease (or a family history of certain other cancers).	Some people might be at increased risk of pancreatic cancer because of a family history of the disease (or a family history of certain other cancers).
Sometimes this increased risk is due to a specific genetic syndrome .	Sometimes this increased risk is due to a specific genetic change.
Genetic testing looks for the gene changes that cause these inherited conditions and increase pancreatic cancer risk.	Genetic testing looks for the gene changes that cause these inherited conditions and increase pancreatic cancer risk.
The tests look for these inherited conditions, not pancreatic cancer itself.	Your risk may be increased if you have one of these conditions, but it doesn’t mean that you have (or definitely will get) pancreatic cancer.
Your risk may be increased if you have one of these conditions, but it doesn’t mean that you have (or definitely will get) pancreatic cancer.	Knowing if you are at increased risk can help you and your doctor make decisions on screening. Screening before symptoms occur, when it might be easier to treat.
Knowing if you are at increased risk can help you and your doctor decide if you should have tests to look for pancreatic cancer early, when it might be easier to treat.	Determining whether you might be at increased risk is not a simple process.
The American Cancer Society strongly recommends that anyone thinking about genetic testing talk with a genetic counselor, nurse, or doctor (qualified to interpret and explain the test results) before getting tested.	The American Cancer Society has strong recommendations for anyone thinking about genetic testing. This includes talking with a genetic counselor, nurse, or doctor (qualified to interpret and explain the test results) before getting tested.
It’s important to understand what the tests can − and can’t − tell you, and what any results might mean, before deciding to be tested.	It’s important to understand what the tests can − and can’t − tell you, and what any results might mean, before deciding to be tested.
Testing for pancreatic cancer in people at high risk	Testing for pancreatic cancer in people at high risk
For people in families at high risk of pancreatic cancer, newer tests for detecting pancreatic cancer early may help.	For people in families at high risk of pancreatic cancer, newer tests for detecting pancreatic cancer early may help.
The two most common tests used are an endoscopic ultrasound or MRI.	The two most common tests used are an endoscopic ultrasound or MRI.
(See Tests for Pancreatic Cancer .)	(See Tests for Pancreatic Cancer .)
These tests are not used to screen the general public, but might be used for someone with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer or with a known genetic syndrome that increases their risk.	These tests are not used to screen the general public. But might be used with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer or with a known genetic syndrome that increases their risk.
Doctors have been able to find early, treatable pancreatic cancers in some members of high-risk families with these tests.	Doctors have been able to find early, treatable pancreatic cancers in some members of high-risk families with these tests.
Doctors are also studying other new tests to try to find pancreatic cancer early.	Doctors are also studying other new tests to try to find pancreatic cancer early.
(See What's New in Pancreatic Cancer Research? )	(See What's New in Pancreatic Cancer Research? )
Interested families at high risk may wish to take part in studies of these new screening tests.	Interested families at high risk may wish to take part in studies (clinical trials) of these new screening tests.
Original Text	Simplified Text
Screening is testing for diseases like cancer in people who do not have any symptoms.	Screening is testing for diseases like cancer in people who do not have any symptoms.
Screening tests can find some types of cancer early, when treatment is most likely to be effective.	Screening tests can find some types of cancer early when treatment is most likely to be effective.

During this test, the doctor might notice a small bump in the stomach wall that turns out to be a carcinoid tumor.

During this test, the doctor might notice a small bump in the stomach wall that turns out to be a carcinoid tumor. Another test doctors use is a colonoscopy. In this test, a bendable tube with a light is used to look at the large bowel.

Sometimes during colorectal cancer screening, a routine sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy (looking at the large bowel through a flexible lighted tube) will incidentally find a small carcinoid tumor.

Sometimes during colorectal cancer screening tests (like an endoscopy or colonoscopy), a small carcinoid tumor can be found by accident.

Sometimes when the appendix is removed (to treat appendicitis or as part of a larger operation), a small carcinoid tumor is found at the tip.

Sometimes when the appendix is taken out for another reason, a small carcinoid tumor is found at the tip.

This happens in about 1 of every 300 people who have appendix surgery.

This happens to about 1 of every 300 people who have appendix surgery so not very much.

Most of these carcinoids were too small to have caused any symptoms.

Most of these carcinoids were too small to cause any problems.

Original Text

Simplified Text

It is often hard to find liver cancer early because signs and symptoms often do not appear until it is in its later stages.

Small liver tumors are hard to detect on a physical exam because most of the liver is covered by the right rib cage.

By the time a tumor can be felt, it might already be quite large.

At this time, there are no widely recommended screening tests for liver cancer in people who are at average risk.

(Screening means testing for cancer in people who have no symptoms or history of cancer.)

But testing might be recommended for some people at higher risk.

Original Text

Simplified Text

Worldwide, liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death.

In the whole world, liver cancer is ranked #6 on the list of cancers that most people have and #3 in the list of cancers that cause people to die.

In the United States, rates are highest in American Indian or Alaska Native individuals.

In the United States, the people who get liver cancer the most are American Indian or Alaska Native people.

Liver cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.

Liver cancer is ranked #6 on the list of cancers that cause people to die in the United States.

Liver cancer causes and risk factors

The most common type of liver cancer in adults, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), typically develops in people with chronic (long-lasting) liver disease caused by hepatitis virus infection or cirrhosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the kind of liver cancer that most adults have. Most of the time, it happens in people who have a bad liver caused by sickness that has been there a long time.

Men are more likely to develop HCC than women.

Men usually have HCC more than women.

People with multiple risk factors have an even higher risk.

_______________________more of a chance of getting liver cancer. These are called risk factors.

Many risk factors have been associated with liver cancer.

People with more than one risk factor have an even bigger chance.

Not everyone with one or more of these risk factors will develop the disease, and the disease will develop in some people who don’t have any known risk factors.

Not everybody with one or more of these risk factors will get liver cancer, and some people can get liver cancer and not have any risk factors.

Risk factors include the following: >Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection : HBV can be transmitted in blood, semen , or other body fluids.

Some risk factors are: >Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection : HBV is a virus that you can get from someone else’s blood or other liquids that come from their body.

The infection can be passed from mother to child during childbirth, through sexual contact, or by sharing needles that are used to inject drugs.

HBV can be passed from a mother to her baby when the mother is having the baby, or through having sex, or using the same needle as someone else.

It can cause inflammation (swelling) of the liver that leads to cancer.

It can cause problems with the liver that can turn into cancer.

Routine HBV vaccination in infancy is reducing the incidence of HBV infection.

Getting a shot for HBV when you are a baby can help keep you from getting HBV.

Chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of liver cancer in Asia and Africa.

HBV is the #1 reason that people get liver cancer in Asia and Africa.

>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection : HCV can be transmitted in the blood.

>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection : You can get HCV from someone else’s blood.

The infection can be spread by sharing needles that are used to inject drugs or, less often, through sexual contact.

You can get HCV by using the same needle as someone else or sometimes from having sex.

In the past, it was also spread during blood transfusions or organ transplants .

You used to have a chance of getting HCV by getting blood through a vein or during a kind of surgery called an organ transplant.

Today, blood banks test all donated blood for HCV, which greatly lowers the risk of getting the virus from blood transfusions.

Now, when a person gives blood, it is checked for HCV, and that means that there is less of a chance of someone getting the virus when they get blood through their vein.

It can cause cirrhosis that may lead to liver cancer.

HCV can cause a disease called cirrhosis that may cause liver cancer.

Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of liver cancer in North America, Europe, and Japan.

HCV is the #1 reason that people get liver cancer in North America, Europe, and Japan.

>Cirrhosis : The risk of developing liver cancer is increased for people who have cirrhosis, a disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue .

>Cirrhosis : You have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer if you have cirrhosis, which is a disease where a healthy liver becomes unhealthy.

The scar tissue blocks the flow of blood through the liver and keeps it from working as it should.

When the liver becomes unhealthy, blood cannot get to the liver and it stops working like it should.

Chronic alcoholism and chronic hepatitis infections are common causes of cirrhosis.

Drinking too much alcohol and having infections in your liver can be reasons for getting cirrhosis.

People with HCV-related cirrhosis have a higher risk of developing liver cancer than people with cirrhosis related to HBV or alcohol use.

People with cirrhosis that is caused by HCV will have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer than people who have cirrhosis caused by alcohol or HBV.

>Heavy alcohol use :

>Drinking too much alcohol:

Heavy alcohol use can cause cirrhosis, which is a risk factor for liver cancer.

Drinking too much alcohol can cause cirrhosis, which gives you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.

Liver cancer can also occur in heavy alcohol users who do not have cirrhosis.

People who drink too much alcohol and do not have cirrhosis can still get liver cancer.

Heavy alcohol users who have cirrhosis are ten times more likely to develop liver cancer, compared with heavy alcohol users who do not have cirrhosis.

People who drink too much alcohol and have cirrhosis have a much bigger chance of getting liver cancer than people who drink too much and do not have cirrhosis.

Studies have shown there is also an increased risk of liver cancer in people with HBV or HCV infection who use alcohol heavily.

Some people who study cancer believe that people with HBV or HCV who drink a lot of alcohol have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.

>Aflatoxin B1 : The risk of developing liver cancer may be increased by eating foods that contain aflatoxin B1 (poison from a fungus that can grow on foods, such as corn and nuts, that have been stored in hot, humid places).

>Aflatoxin B1 : Eating foods that have aflatoxin B1 in them can give you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer. Aflatoxin is poisonous and can grow on foods, corn and nuts, that have been kept in hot, steamy places.

It is most common in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China.

This happens most in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and China.

>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) :

NASH is a condition that can cause cirrhosis that may lead to liver cancer.

NASH is a problem that can cause cirrhosis which can lead to liver cancer.

It is the most severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, where there is an abnormal amount of fat in the liver.

NASH is the worst kind of nonalcoholic (not caused by alcohol) fatty liver disease, where there is too much fat in the liver.

In some people, this can cause inflammation and injury to the cells of the liver.

In some people, this can hurt the liver.

Having NASH-related cirrhosis increases the risk of developing liver cancer.

People who have the NASH kind of cirrhosis have a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.

Liver cancer has also been found in people with NASH who do not have cirrhosis.

People who have NASH who do not have cirrhosis can also get liver cancer.

>Cigarette smoking : Cigarette smoking has been linked to a higher risk of liver cancer.

>Smoking Cigarettes can give you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.

The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years the person has smoked.

It depends on the number of cigarettes that a person smokes each day and for how many years.

>Other conditions : Certain rare medical and genetic conditions may increase the risk of liver cancer.

>Some other problems can give you a bigger chance of getting liver cancer.

These conditions include the following:

These problems are:

>untreated hereditary hemochromatosis

>alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

>glycogen storage disease

>porphyria cutanea tarda

>Wilson disease

Liver cancer prevention

Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer.

Cancer prevention = things that you can do to help keep you from getting cancer.

By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered.

By doing these things, the number of people who get cancer will be lower.

Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer.

The hope is that this will also lower the number of people who die from cancer.

Anything that increases your chance of getting cancer is called a risk factor.

Anything that gives you a bigger chance of getting cancer is called a risk factor.

Anything that lowers your chance of getting cancer is called a cancer protective factor.

Anything that gives you a smaller chance of getting cancer is called a protective factor.

Prevention includes avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors.

Part of Prevention is keeping away from risk factors and trying to do more protective factors.

The following are protective factors for liver cancer: >Getting the hepatitis B vaccine :

These are protective factors to help keep you from getting liver cancer: >Get the hepatitis B vaccine:

Preventing HBV infection (by being vaccinated for HBV as a newborn) has been shown to lower the risk of liver cancer in children.

Giving the HBV vaccine to babies can lower the chance of them getting liver cancer when they are a child.

It is not yet known if being vaccinated lowers the risk of liver cancer in adults.

But we do not know yet if that will lower the chance of them getting liver cancer when they are an adult.

>Getting treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection : Treatment options for people with chronic HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy.

>Get treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection: Different kinds of treatment for people with chronic HBV infection are interferon and nucleos(t)ide analog therapy.

These treatments may reduce the risk of developing liver cancer.

These treatments can help lower the chance of getting liver cancer.

>Reducing exposure to aflatoxin B1 : Replacing foods that contain high amounts of aflatoxin B1 with foods that contain a much lower level of the poison can reduce the risk of liver cancer.

>Make sure you don’t eat foods that have a lot of aflatoxin B1 in them. Instead, eat foods with a much smaller about of the poison in them. This can lower the chance of getting liver cancer.

Original Text

Simplified Text

Pancreatic cancer is hard to find early.

The pancreas is deep inside the body, so early tumors can’t be seen or felt by health care providers during routine physical exams.

The pancreas is deep inside the body. Early tumors can’t be seen or felt by health care providers during routine physical exams.

People usually have no symptoms until the cancer has become very large or has already spread to other organs.

People usually have no symptoms until the cancer has become very large or has spread to other organs.

For certain types of cancer, screening tests or exams are used to look for cancer in people who have no symptoms (and who have not had that cancer before).

There are screening tests or exams that are used to look for cancer in people who have no symptoms (and who have not had that cancer before).

But for pancreatic cancer, no major professional groups currently recommend routine screening in people who are at average risk.

But for pancreatic cancer, there are currently no recommended routine screening in people who are at average risk.

This is because no screening test has been shown to lower the risk of dying from this cancer.

Genetic testing for people who might be at increased risk

Some people might be at increased risk of pancreatic cancer because of a family history of the disease (or a family history of certain other cancers).

Sometimes this increased risk is due to a specific genetic syndrome .

Sometimes this increased risk is due to a specific genetic change.

Genetic testing looks for the gene changes that cause these inherited conditions and increase pancreatic cancer risk.

The tests look for these inherited conditions, not pancreatic cancer itself.

Your risk may be increased if you have one of these conditions, but it doesn’t mean that you have (or definitely will get) pancreatic cancer.

Knowing if you are at increased risk can help you and your doctor make decisions on screening. Screening before symptoms occur, when it might be easier to treat.

Knowing if you are at increased risk can help you and your doctor decide if you should have tests to look for pancreatic cancer early, when it might be easier to treat.

Determining whether you might be at increased risk is not a simple process.

The American Cancer Society strongly recommends that anyone thinking about genetic testing talk with a genetic counselor, nurse, or doctor (qualified to interpret and explain the test results) before getting tested.

The American Cancer Society has strong recommendations for anyone thinking about genetic testing. This includes talking with a genetic counselor, nurse, or doctor (qualified to interpret and explain the test results) before getting tested.

It’s important to understand what the tests can − and can’t − tell you, and what any results might mean, before deciding to be tested.

Testing for pancreatic cancer in people at high risk

For people in families at high risk of pancreatic cancer, newer tests for detecting pancreatic cancer early may help.

The two most common tests used are an endoscopic ultrasound or MRI.

(See Tests for Pancreatic Cancer .)

These tests are not used to screen the general public, but might be used for someone with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer or with a known genetic syndrome that increases their risk.

These tests are not used to screen the general public. But might be used with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer or with a known genetic syndrome that increases their risk.

Doctors have been able to find early, treatable pancreatic cancers in some members of high-risk families with these tests.

Doctors are also studying other new tests to try to find pancreatic cancer early.

(See What's New in Pancreatic Cancer Research? )

Interested families at high risk may wish to take part in studies of these new screening tests.

Interested families at high risk may wish to take part in studies (clinical trials) of these new screening tests.

Original Text

Simplified Text

Screening is testing for diseases like cancer in people who do not have any symptoms.

Screening tests can find some types of cancer early, when treatment is most likely to be effective.

Screening tests can find some types of cancer early when treatment is most likely to be effective.