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==Your article has been moved to AfC space== Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: DC ROCKS BLOG/Mark Noone has been moved to Articles for creation/Mark Noone, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) == Your submission at Articles for creation == Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Articles for creation/Mark Noone. To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! elektrikSHOOS (talk) ==Articles for creation/Mark Noone concern== Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Articles for creation/Mark Noone, a page you created has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace. If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it. You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements. If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at REFUND/G13. Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) ==Your article submission Mark Noone== Hello DC ROCKS BLOG. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled Mark Noone. The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the or code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code: , paste it in the edit box at this link, click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. HasteurBot (talk)

DC ROCKS BLOG

== February 2018 == Hello, I'm EricEnfermero. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. EricEnfermero (Talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. EricEnfermero (Talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

2607:FEA8:5B60:E7:D1D1:734E:B735:1845

== February 2018 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Nancy Drew Mystery Stories has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Nancy Drew Mystery Stories was changed by 70.24.56.51 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.900301 on 2018-02-03T21:11:24+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

70.24.56.51

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Jonddv

== Welcome == Hello, WisestOwl, and Welcome to Wikipedia! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you enjoy the encyclopedia and want to stay. As a first step, you may wish to read the Introduction. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me at my talk page – I'm happy to help. Or, you can ask your question at the New contributors' help page. Here are some more resources to help you as you explore and contribute to the world's largest encyclopedia... Finding your way around: Table of contents / Department directory The Wikipedia Adventure (a tutorial orienting you with Wikipedia) Need help? Questions – a guide on where to ask questions Cheatsheet – quick reference on Wikipedia's mark-up codes Wikipedia's 5 pillars – an overview of Wikipedia's foundations Article wizard – a Wizard to help you create articles The simplified ruleset – a summary of Wikipedia's most important rules Guide to Wikipedia – a thorough step-by-step guide to Wikipedia How you can help: Contributing to Wikipedia – a guide on how you can help Community portal – Wikipedia's hub of activity Additional tips... Please sign your messages on talk pages with four tildes (~~~~). This will automatically insert your "signature" (your username and a date stamp). The or button, on the tool bar above Wikipedia's text editing window, also does this. If you would like to play around with your new Wiki skills without changing the mainspace, the Sandbox is for you. WisestOwl, good luck, and have fun. — JJMC89 (T·C)

WisestOwl

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The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was delete. Malcolmxl5 (talk) ===National Entrepreneurs' Day=== – (View AfDView log Stats) () non notable and promotional Relisting comment: 1st relist Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Nakon Delete - the references do not support the subject. WP is not for neologisms. Delete No value in the article. scope_creep (talk) ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Articles for deletion/National Entrepreneurs' Day

Pope Clement IV (Clemens IV; 23 November 1190 – 29 November 1268), born Gui Foucois (Guido Falcodius; Guy de Foulques or Guy Foulques) and also known as Guy le Gros (French for "Guy the Fat"; Guido il Grosso), was bishop of Le Puy (1257–1260), archbishop of Narbonne (1259–1261), cardinal of Sabina (1261–1265), and Pope from 5 February 1265 until his death. His election as pope occurred at a conclave held at Perugia that lasted four months while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France, to carry on the papal war against the Hohenstaufens. Pope Clement was a patron of Thomas Aquinas and of Roger Bacon, encouraging Bacon in the writing of his Opus Majus, which included important treatises on optics and the scientific method. ==Biography== ===Early life=== Clement was born in Saint-Gilles-du-Gard in the Languedoc region of France, the son of successful lawyer Pierre Foucois and his wife Marguerite Ruffi. At the age of nineteen, he enrolled as a soldier to fight the Moors in Spain. He then pursued the study of law in Toulouse, Bourges and Orleans, becoming a noted advocate in Paris. In the latter capacity he acted as secretary to King Louis IX, to whose influence he was chiefly indebted for his elevation to the cardinalate. He married the daughter of Simon de Malbois and had two daughters. Upon the death of his wife, he followed his father's example and gave up secular life for the Church. His rise was rapid. Ordained in the abbey of Saint-Magloire, Paris, he became pastor of Saint-Gilles in 1255. In 1257, he was appointed Bishop of Le Puy; in 1259, he was appointed Archbishop of Narbonne; and in December 1261, he became the first cardinal created by Pope Urban IV, for the See of Sabina. He was the papal legate in England between 1262 and 1264. He was named grand penitentiary in 1263. ===Pontificate=== In this period, the Holy See was engaged in a conflict with Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son and designated heir of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, but whom papal loyalists, the Guelfs, called "the usurper of Naples". Clement IV, who was in France at the time of his election, was compelled to enter Italy in disguise. He immediately took steps to ally himself with Charles of Anjou, his erstwhile patron's brother and the impecunious French claimant to the Neapolitan throne. Charles was willing to recognize the Pope as his feudal overlord (a bone of contention with the Hohenstaufens) and was crowned by cardinals in Rome, where Clement IV, permanently established at Viterbo, dared not venture, since the anti-papal Ghibelline party was so firmly in control there. Then, fortified with papal money and supplies, Charles marched into Naples. Having defeated and slain Manfred in the great Battle of Benevento, Charles established himself firmly in the kingdom of Sicily at the conclusive Battle of Tagliacozzo, in which Conradin, the last of the house of Hohenstaufen, was taken prisoner. Clement IV is said to have disapproved of the cruelties committed by his protégé, but the statement by Gregorovius that Clement IV became an accomplice by refusing to intercede for the unfortunate Conradin whom Charles had beheaded in the marketplace of Naples seems contentious. However, Gregorovius may be basing this conclusion on the position of Urban IV's predecessors, Innocent IV and Alexander IV, who were Conradin's official guardians. ===Death and Burial=== Within months Clement IV was dead as well, and was buried at the Dominican convent, Santa Maria in Gradi, just outside Viterbo, where he resided throughout his pontificate. In 1885, his remains were transferred to the church, San Francesco alla Rocca, in Viterbo. Owing to irreconcilable divisions among the cardinals, the papal throne remained vacant for nearly three years. Clement IV's private character was praised by contemporaries for his asceticism, and he is especially commended for his indisposition to promote and enrich his own relatives. He also ordered the Franciscan scholar Roger Bacon to write the Opus Majus, which is addressed to him. ===Acts=== In 1264, Clement IV renewed the prohibition of the Talmud promulgated by Gregory IX, who had it publicly burnt in France and in Italy. Though Clement did not condemn to death at the stake those who harboured copies of it, and, responding to a denunciation of the Talmud by Pablo Christiani, he ordered that the Jews of Aragon submit their books to Dominican censors for expurgation. In February 1265 Clement summoned Thomas Aquinas to Rome to serve as papal theologian. It was during this period that Aquinas also served as regent master for the Dominicans at Rome. With the arrival of Aquinas the existing studium conventuale at Santa Sabina, which had been founded in 1222, was transformed into the Order's first studium provinciale featuring the study of philosophy (studia philosophiae) as prescribed by Aquinas and others at the chapter of Valenciennes in 1259, an intermediate school between the studium conventuale and the studium generale. This studium was the forerunner of the 16th century College of Saint Thomas at Santa Maria sopra Minerva and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. In 1266, after the Battle of Benevento, Pope Clement IV conceded for gratitude his coat of arms to the Guelph Party of Florence as official approval to their supremacy and therefore they could take power in many of the other northern Italian cities. In 1267–68 Clement engaged in correspondence with the Mongol Ilkhanate rule Abaqa. The latter proposed a Franco-Mongol alliance between his forces, those of the West, and the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologos (Abaqa's father-in-law). Pope Clement welcomed Abaqa's proposal in a non-committal manner, but did inform him of an upcoming Crusade. In 1267, Pope Clement IV and King James I of Aragon sent an ambassador to the Mongol ruler Abaqa in the person of Jayme Alaric de Perpignan. In his 1267 letter written from Viterbo, the Pope wrote: Although Clement's successors continued to engage in diplomatic contacts with the Mongols for the rest of the century, they were never able to coordinate an actual alliance. ==See also== List of popes ==References== ===Citations=== ===Bibliography=== Jean Dunbabin, Charles I of Anjou: Power, Kingship and State-Making in Thirteenth-Century Europe (Addison Wesley Longman 1998; London-New York: Routledge 2014). ==External links== "Le pape, le roy et l'alchimiste : Clémént IV – saint Louis – Roger Bacon" by Laurent Ryder 1195 births 1268 deaths People from Saint-Gilles, Gard Popes French popes Diplomats of the Holy See Cardinal-bishops of Sabina Bishops of Le Puy-en-Velay Archbishops of Narbonne 13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops 13th-century French people Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary Viterbo Papacy Year of birth unknown 13th-century popes

Pope Clement IV

== Your submission at Articles for creation: Gregor Hunter Coleman Is a scotish singer (February 3) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Joe Decker was: Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Gregor Hunter Coleman Is a scotish singer and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Gregor Hunter Coleman Is a scotish singer, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and save. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the . You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. joe deckertalk

Shounay

War Crimes Issues United States Ambassadors-at-Large

United States Ambassadors-at-Large for War Crimes Issues

== November 2011 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Xcaret, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Xcaret was changed by 201.244.28.73 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.956321 on 2011-11-20T01:43:49+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

201.244.28.73

On Wikipedia, it is important to be bold.

Laurensss18/be bold

Schools in Gwynedd Gwynedd

Welsh-language schools in Gwynedd

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Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. OlYellerTalktome ==Speedy deletion nomination of Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania== A tag has been placed on Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia for multiple reasons. Please see the page to see the reasons. If the page has since been deleted, you can ask me the reasons by leaving a message on my user talk page. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. OlYellerTalktome == August 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but you removed a speedy deletion tag from Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, a page you have created yourself. If you do not believe the page should be deleted, then you may contest the deletion by clicking on the button that says: Click here to contest this speedy deletion and appears inside the speedy deletion notice. This will allow you to make your case on the page's talk page. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the page. Thank you. OlYellerTalktome ==Speedy deletion nomination of Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania== A tag has been placed on Weston Turville Wells for Tanzania, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia for multiple reasons. Please see the page to see the reasons. If the page has since been deleted, you can ask me the reasons by leaving a message on my user talk page. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. OlYeller'''Talktome

Mogly456

== Your submission at Articles for creation: Maria Fagoci (February 3) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Joe Decker was:  The comment the reviewer left was: Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Maria Fagoci and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Maria Fagoci, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and save. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the . You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. joe deckertalk ==Your draft article, Maria Fagoci== Hello, Maria fagocini fan. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Maria Fagoci". In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the , , or code. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Jovanmilic97 (talk)

Maria fagocini fan

Year 172 (CLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 925 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 172 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Emperor Marcus Aurelius crosses the Danube with an expeditionary force, he subdues the Marcomanni and their allies. In a pact signed with the Germanic tribes, he imports them into the Roman Empire to occupy areas that had been depopulated by the plague. The Sarmatians attack the lower Danube frontier. Miracle in Moravia: As the Roman army is encircled by the Quadi under intense heat, a violent thunderstorm sweeps away the Quadi in a torrent of water and mud, and refreshes the parched legionaries. Avidius Cassius, governor of Syria, suppresses an agrarian revolt in Egypt and is made supreme commander of the Roman army in the East. ==== Asia ==== Last (5th) year of Jianning era and start of Xiping era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. Battle of Jwa-won: Goguryeo Prime Minister Myeongnim Dap-bu defeats the Chinese Han Dynasty forces in Manchuria. === By topic === ==== Religion ==== Tatian produces his Diatessaron, a harmony of the four gospels. Montanism spreads through the Roman Empire. == Births == Lu Su, official serving under the Han dynasty warlord Sun Quan (d. 217) Philostratus II the Athenian, Greek sophist (approximate date) (d. c. 250) == Deaths == Empress Dou Miao of the Han Dynasty of China == References ==

172

Anna Ida Gannon (born Month DD, YEAR) was a... == Early life and education == == Career == == Selected works == == Works and publications == == References == == Further reading == == External links ==

BrillLyle/Ann Ida Gannon

== February 2018 == Hello, I'm KylieTastic. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to German Americans have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. KylieTastic (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

76.186.108.6

Being bold is important on Wikipedia.

Sdkvd/be bold

Surprise Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Timpa Creek Creek. Surprise Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. Timpa Lake is downstream of Surprise Lake, while Chickadee Lake is upstream to the southwest and Confusion Lake is upstream to the northeast. ==References== ==See also== List of lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains (Idaho) Sawtooth National Forest Sawtooth National Recreation Area Sawtooth Range (Idaho) Lakes of Idaho Lakes of Elmore County, Idaho Glacial lakes of the United States Glacial lakes of the Sawtooth Wilderness

Surprise Lake (Idaho)

Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you recently created may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines for new pages, so it will shortly be removed (if it hasn't been already). Please use the sandbox for any tests, and consider using the Article Wizard. For more information about creating articles, you may want to read Your first article. You may also want to read our introduction page to learn more about contributing. Thank you. Sandahl (talk) ==Speedy deletion of "William wrisley"== A page you created, William wrisley, has been tagged for deletion, as it meets one or more of the criteria for speedy deletion; specifically, it serves only to attack some entity. Please do not continue to create attack pages, as you will be blocked from editing. You are welcome to contribute content which complies with our content policies and any applicable inclusion guidelines. However, please do not simply re-create the page with the same content. You may also wish to read our introduction to editing and guide to writing your first article. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat == October 2010 == Please do not attack other editors, as you did here: William wrisley. If you continue, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. —Soap—

Chrisbeem360

For a list of sources that contain the word decider, see Nadav1/decider. == balfouria == לפחות תמחוק את הדיון המטומטם בערך בלפוריה. לזה באמת אין חשיבות! ==Spelling== Sheesh, I mixed up effect and affect . Thanks for fixing it on Israel-Venezuela relations. Sandy Thank you for the comment, nadav. I have had to be exceedingly tolerant, patient, vigilant, and persistent (and this occurs across a large number of Chávez articles); I'm glad to know the problem is noticed. That cheers me up, although I have little hope that anything can be done about this tendentious editing and cleansing of Chavez criticism. Your comment is very much appreciated. Sandy == Ignore All Rules == Hello! I noticed your comment on the ignore all rules page today. There's a game called Nomic which was specifically invented to show how having self modifying hard rules can be a really dangerous thing, and can cause the nomic to come to a deadlock or halt. The Wikipedia: namespace resembles a Nomic much too much to be comfortable. The key to prevent that kind of situation is Ignore All Rules, which makes it possible to sidestep the rules for a moment so that we can make them work again. Two answers today :-) No matter how many rules you do or do not have, it's quite essential that your system keeps working. No matter how well crafted you think your rules are, if they cause a deadlock (oops, not so perfect after all), you're going to need a tool to fix that. Were you already aware that a well documented application of ignore all rules can fulfill the role of such a tool? What's your opinion on that? Do you know of any other tools that might be used? Your assumption of how the wiki works is not entirely correct. Most editors do not edit most pages most of the time. There's links to a pair of graphs on my user page, see if you can find them (else ask). Based on those wikistatistics, we typically have small groups of people (1-10) working on articles of a couple of K a piece. It would simply be crazy to have each editor slog through 100K of rules, just to make a 500 byte change each. ;-) And yet that's what some people expect. Is this information new to you? Do you have a different opinion? Kim Bruning == Substituting == When giving warning templates, please remember to substitute them. So for example put , not . Thanks. JoshuaZ == Balfouria again == Another anon (who looks to me like a different editor) has made further edits. I can't tell at a glance whether they are ok although it looks to me like the user may be pushing for a lack of mention of Arab-related geography issues there. If you could take a look I'd appreciate it. JoshuaZ ==Traudlhead.jpg== It was still ambiguous as to whether that image could be claimed as public domain. When it is ambiguous, I always err on the side of caution and delete. How did the uploader get this image? Did it come from the web or scanned from an archive? There is not enough summary to support the source of this image and citations to prove it would be public domain under German Law. I have restored the image with a PUI tag. If you can improve the source and tagging, then please do, otherwise, it will be deleted again. -Thanks, Nv8200p talk Thanks for the note - As I recall I scanned it from the book "Until the final hour" The picture was her Russian occupied sector identity card picture. Also I believe that this has no copright implications anyway Brookie :) - a will o' the wisp ! (Whisper...) == Issai Schur == I greatly expanded your translation of the article on Schur in the Heb-Wiki, so you might want to have a look there. Thanks for making the first step... Uzi V. ==Shuli Nathan== Curious why you removed notabiity template on Shuli Nathan's Web page. Many in Israel and the Jewish community world-wide know and admire her, in part because of Jerusalem of Gold, which had tremendius impact concerning Israel after the Six Day War. (I think highly of her also because she is a very nice person ...)Emesz Yes, they do. That's why I don't understand your question? She is quite notable, so why would we need this template that questions her notability? I do hope the article will be expanded. nadav Sorry - thought you removed a note marking Shuli Nathan as a notable Israeli singer. Didn't realize you removed it. I also hope the article is expanded.Emesz Barnstars are not even enough to express your monumental achievement of bringing it even this close to FA. It was a herculean task. BTW, do you think I made a mistake in offering these rewites to the lead? A lot of support has already coalesced around your nice version, and now I think maybe it would have been better to let the opposition die down. I hope I didn't mess things up... nadav My biggest worry is that it will fuel the this article is not stable fire. == קטגורית אנשי עסקים יהודים == אוקיי, סליחה על האשמה המהירה-מתנצל. מעבר לכך נדב, רצוי שתדע , אני מניח שאתה בעצם כבר יודע, שהרבה מאלו שבעד מחיקה אינם באים ממניעים טהורים כמו שלך-אלא הם פשוט אנטישמים. מה לעשות , התופעה המכוערת הזאת לא חלפה מהעולם וגם לא מויקיפדיה. מעבר לכך , אם תתעמק בנושא אני חושב שתוכל למצוא קשר די חזק בין יכולת עסקית למוצא היהודי-וזאת בשל ההיסטוריה המיוחדת של היהודים, הגבלתם למקורות עיסוק שונים וכ"ו -יהודים ניחנים באופן יזמי ולא הכל מדיד. מה רע בלבנות קטגוריה כזאת , גם אם אין קשר שניתן להסביר בין יהודים לכישורים עסקיים (אבל יש מתאם סטטיסטי) -לא הוגן שידונו בקטגוריות של אנשי עסקים באופן נפרד. כלומר, אם למישהו יש בעיה עם זה שיש קטגוריה של אנשי עסקים יהודים-אז צריך למחוק את כל הקטגוריות שמחלקות אנשי עסקים לפי מוצא אתני ודתי ולא אחת אחת.אבל זה לא כל כך אפשרי , למשל , אנשי עסקים מוסלמים הם לרוב כאלו שעשו את כספם בנפט או לבנונים שהתבססו היטב בדרום אמריקה ובמרכזה-ולהצלחה שלהם כנראה יש קשר לתרבות הלבנונית עצמה (זוהי הצלחה פנומנלית כולל איש עסקים מקסיקני ממוצא לבנוני שעומד להעיף את ביל גייטס מהצמרת) או הפרוטסטנטים (ביל גייטס נמנה עליהם באופן רשמי) שעיקרון בדת שלהם קובע שמי שהאל אוהב אותו מצליח כלכלית-זוהי תפיסה נוצרית שמעודדת חריצות , ועוד.ככה שאמנם אין נימוק של אחד לאחד לא למחוק את הקטגוריה של אנשי עסקים יהודית , אבל גם ההפך. אני חושב שאתה טועה מכמה סיבות : 1.התקפלות אינה הדרך הנכונה , והניצחון רק מגביר את התיאבון של הצד התוקף. אם מחר נמחק כל זכר ליהדותו של איינשטיין כי זה מפריע לכמה אנטישמים , מחרתיים גם ניתן מקום לדיון "אקדמי" אם הייתה שואה או , עוד שבוע נכתוב שאמינות השואה שנויה במחלוקת , עוד חודש נמחוק את הערך כליל לאחר הצבעה דמוקרטית.אני לא אומר להתעקש סתם על דברים-אבל שאין סיבה טובה למחוק , אז צריך להיות תקיפים , תאמין לי שזה מפחית אנטישמיות ולא מגביר אותה -מניסיון וממחשבה נטו. 2.לגבי אי אמינות של הקטגוריה -אפשר לבקש למחוק מהקטגוריה אנשים שהם "חצי יהודים " (כלומר , לפחות כאלו שלפי ההלכה היהודית אינם יהודים) -אני אישית בעד להכניס לקטגוריה "יהודי" רק מי שהינו יהודי שלם , זה חוסך מחלוקות ונראה אמין יותר-אחרת לא ניתן לייחס בבטחה את ההישגים למוצא עצמו.מעבר לכך , רק אנשים שיש מקור אמין יוכנסו לקטגוריה-כך שצריך לעשות ניקיון אבל לא למחוק את הקטגוריה.3. מהיכרות עם כמה ויקיפדיה שעורכים יהודים -וגם אני ,מחשיבים לאנטישמים , רוב הפעמים הניסיון הוא למחוק ולא להוסיף , ואגב , בניגוד למה שאתה חושב-רק אנטישמים מורעלים קשות מתרגזים ושונאים יותר שהם רואים כמה היהודים תרמו לעולם , היתר מתרשמים.4. הטענה כאילו הכנסת יהודים לקטגוריות מסכנת אותם-מאוד לא מקובלת, בוא ונסגור את הבסטה -נכריז שאנחנו לא יהודים יותר וזהו.5. עצם העובדה שאדם נולד לעם היהודי והפך לאיש עסקים מצליח, גם אם חונך על ברכי דת אחרת , עדיין אומרת משהו-אם זה גנטי , אם זה תרבותי ואם זה שניהם-עם מצליחן וזה יפה. אגב, ויטגנשטיין ,אחד מגדולי הפילוסופים של המדע בכל הזמנים-היה לא יהודי ע"פ ההלכה, ואביו היה מומר, בכל זאת שנחשף לדמיון שבין סוג הטיעונים הלוגיים שבהם השתמש לבין התלמוד (שבו איני מבין הרבה) אמר שכנראה התרבות היהודית טפטפה באופן עקיף שלא הוא ולא בני משפחתו שמו לב אליו. יש אפילו כתב עט די מפורסם (פסיכיאטריה טרנס תרבותית -כתב עט אמריקני) שסוקר אינספור דרכים ומקרים שבהם דברים כאלו קורים , כך שלטעון שמחיקה היא הפתרון הנכון-תרשה לי לפקפק בכך. כל טוב, אין טעם להמשיך את הוויכוח כי נראה שהחלטת , אבל כמה נק' חשובות: אנשי עסקים יהודים קצת יותר משפיעים וחשובים מיהודים שיודעים לעשות עמידת ראש, למעשה , עד כמה שאני יודע עוצמת של חברה נמדדת לפי ערכי המוסר שלה ומפותחות התרבות הרוחנית שלה, יכולתה המדעית ועוצמתה הכלכלית , טען אותי אם אני טועה.לשאלה אם מישהו רוצה שיכניסו אותו לקטגוריה או לא-אין ערך ממשי. הרשימות של הנאצים לא ישנו כהוא זה במידה וחלילה תתחולל שואה שניה וממילא לא תסיט אנשים טובים לרצח יהודים או לא יודע מה.ולגבי קרטיריוני הכלה: אפשר לבקש שרק מי שבא יהודי מבית (ולא גוייר וכ"ו) יוכנס לרשימה. לא משנה, אלו רק נק' לא מהותיות. == Notes == There's no need to have a special hived off ghetto for references. References belong in articles, are very often done this way, and should remain. Jayjg (talk) ==USP== See NUS Scholars Programme and help to controll them. == Egged == Hi Nadav, The reason that I removed the Egged reference is because I moved it to its entry, and since this isn't really a disputed assertion, we should probably follow the general convention of minimising the repetition of referencing. Cheers, TewfikTalk Hello. Yes, that's a good convention, but I believe it should be applied to each article on its own. Otherwise, people looking at the article don't know that the statement is sourced. We could also just remove the statement about Egged, which isn't too relevant. nadav == Jerusalem == It wasn't from Dr. Seuss; the sources is much older: And the Cat Came Back. Jayjg (talk) Ah, well in that case it was good edit summary then. nadav == Translation Request == Hello there... I'm in the process of redesigning my user page (Tariqabjotu/Redesign) and I wanted to have the first paragraph of my user page ("Tariqabjotu ... November 2006") translated into Hebrew. I realize you have the en-0 template on your page, but your English seems a lot better than that, so I thought I'd ask you. There are a few links in the text that might help you out, just in case. If you are willing and able to provide a translation, that would be great (respond here or on my talk page or wherever). Otherwise, that's fine too; just tell me. I'll gladly do it, as I do enjoy translation. I am supposedly on wikibreak (oy what a sad joke), so I'm not sure when itll be done. nadav Oh, and the en-0 template is an inside joke. nadav Done faster than I expected. By the way, you're my neighbor. I live in Rockville. nadav Thanks again for the translation; I have since added it to my user page. One thing I did notice was that it looks like there might be an error. I don't know Hebrew, but it seemed like on of the links should go to , instead of . Am I correct about that? ==Jerusalem congestion== Nadav, the sentence as it is doesn't make sense. The traffic in East Jerusalem is NOT more congested than West Jerusalem, so I concluded that it must be the pollution that is higher. Personally, I doubt it...but someone apparently claims so, and has brought a source to back it up. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gilabrand (talk • contribs) . Answered on your page. nadav ==Re: Right-justified text== Should I notify voters on the last FAC that the FAC has been restarted? More importantly, don't you think the Hebrew and Arabic text on your user page would look nicer right-justified? nadav Notifying !voters from the last FAC would probably be a good idea. About the Hebrew and Arabic text... it looks right-justified to me. I haven't used Internet Explorer recently, so I'm not sure how it looks there. And I'm at school too, so I don't have the option of downloading it here. I'll be home in a few hours and check. ==Century High== I hope your requesting the deletion of my page is not because its a Christian school. ==Gevo2267== —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gevo2267 (talk • contribs) . No, I have nothing against religious schools at all. I outlined my reasons for the deletion nomination at the following link: Articles for deletion/Century High School of Santa Monica. Please respond there if I have acted in error, and if you can, please refer to reliable sources about the school. nadav If you'd read what i have written in the same box where you requested my pages deletion you'd understand more. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gevo2267 (talk • contribs) . Apology accepted! Im currently looking online for a site that lists all the Armenian Christian School! There are a few sites but not for the area. I understand why your so protective. Wikipedias one of my most visited sites and im glad it dosent have a bunch of adds for companys. Does having your school name in an Armenian Website work for notability? I found one http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Education#Armenian_High_Schools Umm...where to begin. First Wiki sites are not considered reliable. See Reliable sources/examples#Use of electronic or online sources. Moreover, I checked who added the school's entry in the page historyand found that it was added suspiciously recently, with a timestamp of 06:52, 26 April 2007 by a person who had not contributed anything else to that project.

Nadav1/Archives/August 2006 - April 2007

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216.115.124.169

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71.87.154.240

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Errol Arthur Arendz (born 16 October 1953) is a South African fashion designer. ==Early life== Arendz grew up in Elsie's River, a suburb of Cape Town. He studied in Paris and worked in London in the seventies and officially launched his career in 1973 after graduating from the Ivor Kirsten Academy of Fashion in Johannesburg. ==Career== Arendz became well known in South Africa in 1978, when Fair Lady Magazine featured Barbara Barnard wearing his first collection. He sewed her coat on his Bernina sewing machine at home. He set up a studio in Cape Town while he was still in his 20s. When Margaret Gardiner became Miss South Africa, Arendz designed her ball gown for the Miss World contest, which she won. His company, Errol Arendz Fashion Designer cc, was incorporated in 1986. Arendz was popular under apartheid, with fashion magazines emphasizing the fact that he was coloured. "We did not care about politics, my sister Gloria and I just wanted to succeed. Then nobody saw us as black or white any more; if anything, we were silver - outside all categories," he commented later. In 2003, Arendz was commissioned by South African Airways (SAA) to design the uniforms for all their crew, ground staff and flight attendants. He started designing shoes in 2005. The Errol Arendz flagship store occupies an entire building in Hout Street in Cape Town. His clients have included Priscilla Presley, Joan Collins, Shakira Caine, Joanna Lumley, Sharon Stone, Jaclyn Smith, Elita de Klerk, Pam Golding and Karen Barnard. Arendz is counted among the best South African designers of European-style clothing. He was a judge on the reality TV modeling competition Revlon Supermodel in 2007 and L'Ormarins Queen's Plate Racing Festival in 2017. ==Awards== Arendz won the Lifetime Achievement Coty Award, Designer of the Year award, and the J&B Designer of the Year award. == References == 1953 births Living people People from Cape Town South African fashion designers

Errol Arendz

Tom Campana (born January 18, 1950) is a former award-winning and all-star slotback who played in the Canadian Football League from 1972 to 1977 with the Saskatchewan Roughriders. A native of Kent, Ohio, and a graduate of his home state Ohio State University, Camapana was part of the Buckeyes' 1970 national championship team. Joining the Green Riders in 1972, he was a CFL Western All-Star and runner-up for rookie of the year (to Chuck Ealey for the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award). He also played in the 64th Grey Cup when the Green Riders lost in the last minute. He finished his career in 1977 having caught 269 passes for 4040 yards, rushed for 554 yards, and scored 30 touchdowns. ==References== 1950 births Living people Canadian Football League Rookie of the Year Award winners Ohio State Buckeyes football players Sportspeople from Kent, Ohio Saskatchewan Roughriders players

Tom Campana

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Kurogane III

Melanie Klein née Reizes (30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst who is known for her work in the world of developmental psychology. Her observation and novel therapeutic techniques for adolescents had a profound effect on child psychology as well as contemporary psychoanalysis. ==Life== Born the fourth and final child of Jewish parents Moriz and Libussa Reizes , Klein would spend most of her early life in Vienna Austria. Educated at the gymnasium, Klein much like her father before her, possessed aspirations of one day entering the medical field. More specifically the study of psychiatric medicine. Unfortunately her goal of entering medical school would be thwarted by a decline in her families economic status. At the age of twenty one she married industrial chemist Arthur Klein, and soon after gave birth to their first child Melitta. While she would go on to birth two additional children, Klein suffered from clinical depression, with these pregnancies taking quite a toll on her. This in conjunction with an unhappy marriage soon lead Klein to seek out means of treatment. Shortly after her family moved to Budapest in 1910, Klein began a course of therapy with psychoanalyst Sándor Ferenczi. It was during their time together that Klein expressed interest in the study of psychoanalysis. Encouraged by Ferenczi, Klein began her studies by the simple observations of her own children. Until this point very minimal documentation existed on the topic of psychoanalysis concerning children, and Klein seized the opportunity by developing her play technique. Comparable to that of free association in adult psychoanalysis, Klein's play technique sought to interpret the unconscious meaning behind the play and interaction of children. During 1921, in the wake of a dissolving marriage, Klein moved to Berlin where she joined the Berlin Psycho-Analytic Society under the tutelage of Karl Abraham. Although Abraham supported her pioneering work with children, neither Klein nor her ideas received much support in Berlin. As a divorced woman whose academic qualifications did not even include a bachelor's degree, Klein was a visible iconoclast within a profession dominated by male physicians. Despite this impediment, Klein's up and coming work possessed a strong influence on the developing theories and techniques of psychoanalysis, particularly in Great Britain. Her theories on human development as well as defense mechanism were largely a source of controversy as they conflicted with Freud's theories on development, triggering a buzz in the world of developmental psychology. Around the same time Klein presented her ideas, Anna Freud was doing the very same. The two were unofficial rivals of sorts with the protracted debates between the followers of Klein and the followers of Freud. With these so-called 'controversial discussions', the British Psychoanalytical Society split into three separate training divisions: (1) Kleinian, (2) Freudian, and (3) Independent. These debates ended with an agreement on dual approach to instruction in the field of child analysis. The school of Kleinianism was the first branch off the proverbial Freudian tree, to remain part of the psychoanalytic movement. ==Contributions to Psychoanalysis== Klein was one of the first to use traditional psychoanalysis with young children. She was innovative in both her techniques (such as working with children using toys) and her theories on infant development. Strongly opinionated, and demanding the respect of those in the academic community, Klein established a highly influential training program in psychoanalysis. By observing and analyzing the play and interactions of children, Klein built onto the work of Freud's unconscious mind. Her dive into the unconscious mind of the infant yielded the findings of the early Oedipus complex, as well as the developmental roots of the superego. Klein's theoretical work incorporates Freud's belief in the existence of the "death pulsation", reflecting the fact that all living organisms are inherently drawn toward an inorganic state, and therefore, in an unspecified sense, contain a drive towards death. In psychological terms, Eros (properly, the life pulsation), the postulated sustaining and uniting principle of life, is thereby presumed to have a companion force, Thanatos (death pulsation), which seeks to terminate and disintegrate life. Both Freud and Klein regarded these biomental forces as the foundations of the psyche. These primary unconscious forces, whose mental matrix is the id, spark the ego—the experiencing self—into activity. Id, ego and superego, to be sure, were merely shorthand terms (similar to the "instincts") referring to highly complex and mostly uncharted psychodynamic operations. == Child Analysis == While Freud’s ideas concerning children mostly came from working with adult patients, Klein was innovative in working directly with children, often as young as two years old. Klein saw children’s play as their primary mode of emotional communication. While observing children play with toys such as dolls, animals, plasticine, pencil and paper, Klein documented their activities and interactions, then attempted to interpret the unconscious meaning behind their play. Following Freud she emphasized the significant role that parental figures played in the child’s fantasy life, and considered that the timing of Freud’s Oedipus complex was incorrect. Contradicting Freud, she concluded that the superego was present from birth. After exploring ultra-aggressive fantasies of hate, envy, and greed in very young and disturbed children, Melanie Klein proposed a model of the human psyche that linked significant oscillations of state, with whether the postulated Eros or Thanatos pulsations were in the fore. She named the state of the psyche, when the sustaining principle of life is in domination, the depressive position. This is considered by many to be her great contribution to psychoanalytic thought. She later developed her ideas about an earlier developmental psychological state corresponding to the disintegrating tendency of life, which she called the paranoid-schizoid position. Klein's insistence on regarding aggression as an important force in its own right when analysing children brought her into conflict with Freud's daughter Anna Freud, who was one of the other prominent child psychotherapists in continental Europe but who moved to London in 1938 where Klein had been working for several years. Many controversies arose from this conflict, and these are often referred to as the controversial discussions. Battles were played out between the two sides, each presenting scientific papers, working out their respective positions and where they differed, during war-time Britain. A compromise was eventually reached whereby three distinct training groups were formed within the British Psychoanalytical Society, with Anna Freud's influence remaining largely predominant in the US. == Object Relation Theory == Klein is known to be one of the primary founders of object relations theory . This theory of psychoanalysis is based on the assumption that all individuals have within them a internalized, and primarily unconscious realm of relationships. These relationships are relative to not only the world around the individual, but more specially those other individuals that surround the subject. Object relation theory focuses primarily on the interaction individuals have with others, how those interactions are internalized, and how these now internalized object relations will affect ones psychological framework. The Object refers to typically another individual, and encompasses the intended facet that people outside of the self, are very much fluid and as such may be classified as objects. The use of the term object seeks to reference more the potential embodiment of fear, desire, envy or other emotional variations of such feelings in such a way that the object and the subject are separated allowing for a more simplistic approach to addressing the deprived areas of need when used in the clinical setting. ==In popular culture== Melanie Klein was the subject of a 1988 play by Nicholas Wright, entitled Mrs. Klein. Set in London in 1934, the play involves a conflict between Melanie Klein and her daughter Melitta Schmideberg, after the death of Melanie's son Hans Klein. The depiction of Melanie Klein is quite unfavorable: the play suggests that Hans' death was a suicide and also reveals that Klein had analysed these two children. In the original production at the Cottesloe Theatre in London, Gillian Barge played Melanie Klein, with Zoë Wanamaker and Francesca Annis playing the supporting roles. In the 1995 New York revival of the play, Melanie Klein was played by Uta Hagen, who described Melanie Klein as a role that she was meant to play. The play was broadcast on the British radio station BBC 4 in 2008 and revived at the Almeida Theatre in London in October 2009 with Clare Higgins as Melanie Klein. The indie band Volcano Suns dedicated their first record "The Bright Orange Years" to Klein for her work on childhood aggression. Scottish author Alexander McCall Smith makes extensive use of Melanie Klein and her theories in his 44 Scotland Street series. One of the characters, Irene, has an obsession with Kleinian theory, and uses it to "guide" her in the upbringing of her son, Bertie. ==Bibliography== Melanie Klein's works are collected in four volumes: The Collected Writings of Melanie Klein Books on Melanie Klein: Robert Hinshelwood, Susan Robinson, Oscar Zarate, Introducing Melanie Klein, Icon Books UK 2003 Robert Hinshelwood, A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought, Free Association Books UK 1989 Robert Hinshelwood, Clinical Klein, Free Association Books UK 1993 Melanie Klein, 'The autobiography of Melanie Klein' ed. Janet Sayers with John Forrester, Psychoanalysis and History 15.2 (2013) pp. 127–63 Mary L Jacobus, "The Poetics of Psychoanalysis: In the Wake of Klein", Oxford University Press, 2006, Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein (European Perspectives: A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism) tr. Ross Guberman, Columbia University Press, 2004 Donald Meltzer (Information in French) "The Kleinian Development (New edition)", Publisher: Karnac Books; Reprint edition 1998, Donald Meltzer : "Dream-Life: A Re-Examination of the Psycho-Analytical Theory and Technique" Publisher: Karnac Books, 1983, Meira Likierman, "Melanie Klein, Her Work in Context" Continuum International, Paperback, 2002 Hanna Segal (Information in French): John Steiner (Information in French) : "Psychic Retreats" (...) relative peace and protection from strain when meaningful contact with the analyst is experienced as(...), Publisher: Routledge; 1993, C. Fred Alford, Melanie Klein and Critical Social Theory: An Account of Politics, Art, and Reason Based on Her Psychoanalytic Theory, Yale UP 1990 Phyllis Grosskurth, Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1986, Herbert Rosenfeld (Information in French): * "Impasse and Interpretation: Therapeutic and Anti-Therapeutic Factors in the Psycho-Analytic Treatment of Psychotic, Borderline, and Neurotic Patients", Publisher: Tavistock Publications, 1987, Julia Segal: (1992). Melanie Klein. London: Sage. Ronald Britton: "Sex, Death, and the Superego: Experiences in Psychoanalysis", Publisher: Karnac Books; 2003, Ronald Britton: "Belief and Imagination", Publisher: Taylor & Francis LTD; 1998, Monique Lauret et Jean-Philippe Raynaud, "Melanie Klein, une pensée vivante", Presses Universitaires de France, 2008, ==See also== == References == ==Further reading== Phyllis Grosskurth, Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1986, == External links == Melanie Klein in the Encyclopædia Britannica Biography, psychoanalytic techniques, theory Melanie Klein Trust Biography at FeministVoices.com 1882 births 1960 deaths Austrian psychoanalysts British psychoanalysts Jewish scientists Jewish psychoanalysts Austrian Jews Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) Austrian expatriates in England British Jews People from Vienna Freudians History of mental health in the United Kingdom History of psychiatry Analysands of Karl Abraham Analysands of Sándor Ferenczi Object relations theorists 20th-century Austrian writers 20th-century women writers

Melanie Klein

Linguists from Bosnia and Herzegovina

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142.177.157.112

Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998), popularly EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 1957–59 and then again in 1967–69. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). He completed his graduation from St. Thomas College, Thrissur. As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's leader in social indicators. It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics. == Personal life == Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909, as the fourth son of Parameswaran Namboodiripad and Vishnudatha Antharjanam, at Elamkulam, in Perintalmanna taluk of the present Malappuram district into an aristocratic upper-caste Brahmin family.In his early years he was a close friend of Comrade Sr.P.M. Mathew. He was associated with V. T. Bhattathiripad, M. R. Bhattathiripad and many others in the fight against the casteism and conservatism that existed in the Namboothiri community. He became one of the office bearers of Valluvanadu Yogaskshema Sabha, an organisation of progressive Namboothiri youth. During his college days, he was deeply associated with the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement. EMS was married to Arya Antharjanam and had two sons and two daughters. He was well known for his stammer. When asked if he always stammered, he would reply, "No, only when I speak." == Writings == He was a writer and author of several literary works and his book on the history of Kerala is notable. He described Mahatma Gandhi as a Hindu fundamentalist. == Socialism == In 1934, he was one of the founders of Congress Socialist Party, a socialist wing within the Indian National Congress, and elected as its All India Joint Secretary from 1934 to 1940. During this period, he was also elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly (1939). He remained committed to socialist ideals, and his compassion towards the working class led him to join the Communist movement. The Indian government considered him to be one of the founders of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in Kerala, forcing him to go into hiding. During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, he was among leaders who aired China's view on the border issue. When the CPI split in 1964, EMS stood with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). He was the leader of the Kerala state committee of CPI(M). He served as a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the CPI(M) until his death in 1998. EMS became general secretary in 1977, a designation he held until 1992. A Marxist scholar, he influenced the development of Kerala, of whom he was the first Chief Minister. == Election to state government == A Communist-led government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad resulted from the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government. It was one of the earliest elected Communist governments, after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the Republic of San Marino (a city-state surrounded by Italy).) It was also the first time for a regional party in India to win state elections. On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala. His government introduced the Land Reform Ordinance and Education Bill. In 1959, the Central Government dismissed his government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle". Indira Gandhi convinced Nehru, who was hesitant to dismiss a democratically elected government, to make such a decision. Central Intelligence Agency's involvement in the ouster has been long suspected. Declassified CIA documents show that the first Communist government concerned them and "preventing additional Keralas became an important argument for augmenting U.S. assistance to India". According to the biography of former US Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, "the election results rang alarm bells in Washington" He became the Chief Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition (Saptakakshi Munnani) which included the CPI and Muslim League. Soon after becoming Chief Minister again, on 31 January 1968 he inaugurated Asia's first mechanised coir factory called Floorco in Pozhikkara, Paravur. This time his tenure lasted for two and a half years, and the government fell on 24 October 1969 due internal conflicts within the constituent parties. Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. His vision of decentralisation of power and resources (People's Plan) and the Kerala Literacy Movement influenced Kerala society. He authored several books in English and Malayalam. Chintha Publication, Kerala has published all his books under the title, "E M S Sanchika". He also was well known as a journalist. ==Ministries== E. M. S. lead 2 ministries in Kerala E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry term 1 E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry term 2 == Sino-Indian war and split in the Communist Party== During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, other parties portrayed left-wing parties as pro-China, since both were Communist. Namboodiripad stated that the left was focused on solving the border dispute through talks. == Association with Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters == Namboodiripad, Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, Joseph Mundassery, M. P. Paul and K. Damodaran were architects of "Jeevat Sahitya Prastanam", renamed Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam (Progressive Association for Arts and Letters). Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Mundassery. In this context, Namboodiripad famously accused Kesari of being a "petit-bourgeois intellectual", an appellation he retracted. Namboodiripad also acknowledged some of the earlier misconceptions of the Communist Party with respect to the Progressive Literature and Arts Movement. This debate is known as "Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam", an important milestone in the growth of modern Malayalam literature. == Death == Despite his age and failing health, Namboodiripad was still active in political and social fields. He actively campaigned during the 1998 general election. Soon after the results were declared, he contracted pneumonia, and was admitted to a private hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, where he died at 3:40 p.m (IST) on 19 March 1998, aged 88. He was cremated with full state honours in Thycaud electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram. Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death, starting with his daughter-in-law Dr. Yamuna in August 2001, and later followed by his wife Arya Antharjanam in January 2002 and son E.M. Sreedharan in November 2002. His grandson (Sreedharan's son) Sujith Shankar is an actor, who debuted in Rajeev Ravi's Njan Steve Lopez. == Bibliography == ==See also== Kerala Council of Ministers == References == == Further reading == ==External links== 1909 births 1998 deaths Chief Ministers of Kerala Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala Government Victoria College, Palakkad alumni Indian atheists Indian reformers Malayali politicians Educators from Kerala St. Thomas College, Thrissur alumni Leaders of the Opposition in Kerala Chief ministers from Communist Party of India (Marxist) Chief ministers from Communist Party of India General Secretaries of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) Kerala MLAs 1960–64 Kerala MLAs 1970–77 Kerala MLAs 1977–79 Indian political writers Indian male writers Writers from Kerala People from Malappuram district 20th-century Indian non-fiction writers Marxist writers Indian political theorists 20th-century Indian educational theorists Malayalam-language writers Indian political philosophers 20th-century Indian philosophers Indian communists Indian economics writers Indian Marxist journalists Indian Marxist writers 20th-century Indian journalists Journalists from Kerala

E. M. S. Namboodiripad

Mass media in Bosnia and Herzegovina

NE2 needs to finish this. 1917-06-21: tentative system of 1-22 laid out, immediately amended including creation of Southwest Trail (23), 24, Fort Stockton to El Paso Highway (27), Mineral Wells Branch of the Meridian Road (25) 1917-06-27: Henry Exall Memorial Highway 1917-07-02: 26 added 1917-07-03: 12 amended 1917-07-09: 3A added 1917-07-10: 22 amended 1917-07-17: 14 amended, 20 extended 1917-08-15: 11 amended, 3 amended (did this create a third route? or just clarify the existing one? 1917-10-08 calls one of them 3B) 1917-09-10: 22 extended, Paris to Houston Highway renamed Red River to the Gulf Highway, 19 amended 1917-09-11: 8 amended (not sure how this worked), 7 amended 1917-09-13: 28 added? 1917-10-08: 29 added, 3A amended, 30 added, 13 amended 1917-10-09: 32 added, 22 amended, 20 amended 1917-11-19: 34 added, Austin-Fredericksburg intercounty added, 29 amended (via Yoakum!), 35 added 1917-11-20: 8 amended, 7 amended, Temple-Goldthwaite intercounty added, 12 amended, Brady-Llano intercounty added, 9 amended (two routes) 1917-11-21: 3 amended?, 36 (Cisco-Meridian) added, Evant-Hico intercounty added, 3 amended, Taylor-Hearne intercounty added, Bremond-Bryan intercounty added 1917-11-22: more intercounty highways not listed? :( 1917-12-18: Henry Exall amended, Teague-Centerville intercounty added, Odell-Seymour intercounty added, Abilene-Paint Rock intercounty added, Higgins-Amarillo intercounty added, 7 amended (2B created) 1917-12-20: 18 amended, 36 deleted, San Angelo-Fort Stockton intercounty added 1918-01-23: Greenville-Decatur intercounty added 1918-01-24: Belton-Cameron intercounty added, Austin-Belton intercounty added 1918-02-04: Cisco-Coleman intercounty added 1918-02-05: 3A amended, Jayton-Pecos intercounty added, Stratford-Amarillo intercounty added, Estelline-Farwell intercounty added, 2A? amended, 9 amended, 37 (Houston-Freeport) added, 30 amended 1918-02-18: 21 amended, San Marcos-Luling intercounty added, Martindale-Lockhart intercounty added 1918-02-19: 1 amended (1A-1B-1C added), 5A added (already intercounty) 1918-02-20: Paducah-Quanah intercounty added, 34 amended, 17 amended, 18 amended, 31 added (presumably 1917-10), 33 added (1917-11) 1918-03-18: 21 amended, 27 amended, 35A added, Cameron-Brenham intercounty added 1918-03-19: 29 amended, 3B added, 14 amended 1918-03-20: 1 amended, Bankhead Highway assigned to 1, 7 amended (7A added), 36 added (was intercounty), 5A amended 1918-04-22: 3 amended (northern loop) 1918-04-23: 2A amended, 37 added 1918-04-24: 15 amended (Dixie Highway) (omitted from 1917-10), 19 amended, Childress-Spur intercounty added, 34 amended 1918-05-20: Lockhart-Bastrop intercounty added, 38 added or just considered? 1918-05-21: 36 amended 1918-05-22: 5 amended, 5B added 1918-06-17: 38 added, 8 amended, 8A added, 12 amended, 15 amended 1918-06-18: 5 amended 1918-07-17: 2C added 1918-08-19: Greenville-Cooper intercounty added, 30 extended, 18A added 1918-08-20: 11 amended, 38 amended 1918-09-05: 1 amended (California Branch), 33 extended 1918-09-17: 35 extended 1918-10-21: 4 amended, Canyon-Farwell intercounty added 1918-11-25: 19 amended 1918-12-16: 2D added 1918-12-17: 20 amended, 12A added 1919-01-20: 20A added (was intercounty), 28A added, 35 amended, 1 amended, 5 amended 1919-01-21: 39 added, 15 amended (northern loop) 1919-01-22: 23 amended, 3 amended 1919-01-23: 36 amended (36A created), 18B added 1919-02-17: 38A added, 4 amended, Benonine-Amarillo intercounty added 1919-02-18: 19A added 1919-02-19: 7 extended 1919-03-17: 40 added, 3C added, 22 extended, 10A added, 38 extended 1919-03-18: 3B extended, 12A (another) added, 16 and 16A deleted (became 40), Ben Milam Highway (36), 2C amended 1919-03-19: Beaumont-Liberty intercounty added, 33 extended, Blue Ridge-Melissa intercounty added, 36 extended, 29A added 1919-03-20: Oglesby-Marlin intercounty added 1919-04-22: 4 amended (west branch), 41 added, 42 added, 38 amended, 26 amended 1919-04-23: Naples-Longview intercounty added, 43 added, 30 extended, 4 amended 1919-04-24: 44 added 1919-05-19: 37 amended, 5 amended, 12 amended 1919-05-20: 1 amended 1919-06-16: 5 amended, 7 not amended, 39 amended 1919-06-17: 40 amended 1919-07-21: 19 amended, 39 amended, 1 amended 1919-07-22: 31 amended, 11 amended 1919-08-18: Florida to Colorado Highway, 45 added, 11 amended 1919-09-15: 21 amended, Pampa-Lowrwood intercounty added (already defined! except maybe east of Higgins) 1919-10-20: 32A added, 46 added 1919-11-17: 23 amended 1919-12-15: 11 amended 1920-01-19: 43 amended, 43A added?, 26 amended, 37A added? 1920-02-16: 1 amended 1920-02-17: 9A added, 1 amended, 11 amended 1920-03-15: 10 amended, 12 amended 1920-04-19: 43 extended 1920-04-20: 23A added, 10A extended, 3 amended 1920-05-17: Greenville-Decatur intercounty deleted 1920-06-21: Clarendon-Oklahoma intercounty added 1920-07-20: 36B added, 44A added, 32A amended 1920-08-16: 39 amended, McKinney-Decatur intercounty added, 21 amended, 20 amended 1920-10-19: 36B amended 1920-12-20: Jefferson Davis National Highway 1921-01-17: 33B added (was intercounty), 33A added (was intercounty), 44A deleted, 43 amended 1921-02-21: 5 amended 1921-02-22: 12A added, 18A amended, original 12A renumbered 12C 1921-03-21: log of "major state highway system" 1921-03-22: 2E added, 39 amended, 35 amended, 12 amended 1921-04-18: 9A added, 7 amended 1921-04-20: 36 amended, Colorado to the Gulf Highway, 11 amended 1921-05-16: 14 amended 1921-06-23: 14 amended 1921-10-17: 26 amended, 3 amended 1921-11-21: 35 amended 1921-12-19: 2B amended, 39 amended, 44 amended 1922-01-23: 17A added, 7B added, 4 amended 1922-02-20: Jefferson Davis National Highway 1922-03-20: 4 amended, 2 amended, 7% system, 2B extended 1922-04-17: 2-2E primary 1922-07-18: 12 secondary 1922-08-21: 8 amended, 5 amended, 40 amended, 13 extended (actually 13A created), 28A-28 secondary 1922-09-18: 19 amended, 8 amended 1922-10-16: Jefferson Davis National Highway, 19A amended 1922-11-27: 7% system, 35 amended, 37A deleted, 26 truncated, 15A extended, 5C truncated (but when was 5C created?), Temple-Round Rock intercounty added (former 2) - or is this a typo?, 45 amended, 13A amended, 33B deleted, 33 truncated 1923-01-15/16: 7%, 29B added, 36B extended 1923-02-19: 7%, 5D added (but this is 5C in 1922-11-27!!), 15A amended, 38 amended, 33B partially restored, 23 amended 1923-03-19: 3 amended, 7%, 19A extended 1923-04-16: 7% 1923-05-21: 8 amended 1923-06: 1923-07-16: 21 truncated, 44 extended; what's with the mention of 3E on page 4? not granted in 1923-03-19! renumberings in mid-1923: 47/48/49 from 1A/1C/part of 35; 50 from part of 2; 51 from branch of 28; 52 from part of 13; 53 from branch of 18; 54 from part of 12; 55 from branch of 4 and 3E; 56 from 5D; 57 from branch of 12; 58/59 from 19A; 60 from 12C; 61 from branch of 35; 62 from branch of 8; 63 from part of 7; 64 from 15A; 65 from part of 11; 66 from part of 37; 67 from part of 22; 68 from 10A; 69 from 36A; 70 from part of 4; 71/72/73 from 3A/3B; 74 from 36B; 75 from 13A; 76 from part of 22; 77 from 1B; 78 from 5C; 79 from part of 22; 80 from 29A; 81 from 29B; 82 from part of 17; 83 from 18B; 84 from part of 39; 85 from 12B; 86 from 5A; 87 from 8A; 88 from 33B; 89 from part of 2; 90 from 32A 1923-08-21: 28 amended, 85 amended, 7% 1923-09-17: 5A truncated, 45 amended 1923-10-15: 91 added, 34 amended, 19 temporarily amended 1923-11-19: 10 truncated, 18 amended, 23 extended, 64 extended 1923-12-17: 2B deleted, 43A deleted, 43 amended, 38 amended (part became 34), 64 amended, 7% Trying to figure out what 280 281 287 292? 296 298 were reserved for in late 1938: SH 36 Abilene - SH 191 or Abilene - Rising Star split? SH 51 Brownfield - McCamey split? probably not SH 68 Eastland - Lingleville split? but Lingleville - Stephenville was added by then SH 158 Sterling City - west split? not sure why SH 293 needed to be split Note that SH 285's assignment in 16135 provides strong evidence that 280-298 were assigned at this time but not actually finalized until late 1939; in particular 285 was assigned to former 16 Riviera - Falfurrias and then the number was extended west when Falfurrias - Hebbronville was added

Alexlatham96/TX minute orders

Ontario Ethnic groups People from Ontario

Ethnic groups in Ontario

== Your submission at Articles for creation: Joseph DiDomizio (February 3) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Joe Decker was:  The comment the reviewer left was: Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Joseph DiDomizio and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Joseph DiDomizio, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and save. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the . You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. joe deckertalk ==Your draft article, Joseph DiDomizio== Hello, KMChud. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Joseph DiDomizio". In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the , , or code. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Hhkohh (talk)

KMChud

== February 2018 == Hello, I'm SkyWarrior. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to List of brightest stars have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. SkyWarrior If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

173.93.130.31

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Langstaff Secondary School, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

99.237.80.141

==Welcome== Hi, 99.114.213.46. Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and decide to stick around. If you see something on Wikipedia that you want to change, just press the edit button and change it! For the basic principles, see the five pillars of Wikipedia. And if you're ready to make some edits, this Wikipedia cheatsheet may come in handy. You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. If you edit without a username, your IP address (99.114.213.46) is used to identify you instead. Cheers, ChzzBot IV (talk) == Your submission at Articles for creation == I noticed your submission in Articles for creation, Articles for creation/King of England. Thanks! It will be reviewed by a volunteer soon. Before it can be added to Wikipedia, your submission should have references. All articles on Wikipedia should have inline, numbered references after facts, showing the 'reliable source' (a newspaper, book, etc.) where the information can be checked, so that all information is verifiable. Here's an example of how to add references: Chzz is 98 years old.<ref> "The book of Chzz", Aardvark Books, 2009. </ref> He likes tea.<ref> Smith, John. "Interview with Chzz", Foo News, 1 April 2010. Retrieved 2011-05-22. == References == That makes the references automatically display as small numbers which will link to the details in the section titled == References == at the end. You can see that example in action here. Please add references to your submission, which will be reviewed as soon as possible. See also, Referencing for beginners. If you need any help, just put at the end of this page, followed by a question or get into our live help chat chanel at . Best, ChzzBot IV (talk)

99.114.213.46

Open Books is a nonprofit organization that provides the ability to get to know literature better. The organization mostly works with kids and students and help them with their reading and writing skills and also, promote love for books. Open Books owns two stores, one in Pilsen and one in West Loop. Besides that, the Open Books has an online store where people can purchase books and support the organization. At their stores they have over 50,000 books for sale and 10, 000 of those books are children books. By selling books and organizing different events the organization fundraises money that goes to their programs. Also, the nonprofit donates books to homeless and people who cannot afford to buy them. The organization is run by volunteers, in which duties can range from helping in the store or working with children. History Open Books was founded by Stacy Ratner, (the/ who is) now Executive Director of the nonprofit educational and social program (12). Ratner attended Brandeis University and Boston College Law school to attain degrees in literature and law and has received her Certificate in Nonprofit Management from Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management (12). The Open Books operation (was made a reality/ began) in Ratner’s basement, where she and Becca Keaty, current acting Director of Marketing of Public Relations of Open Books, collected and organized donated books (11). Ratner and Keaty partnered with Erin Walter, acting Literacy Director of Open Books, to open the original bookstore in May of 2006. Events Open Books holds hundreds of events every year. They organize Adventure in creative writing field trips where students work with mentors and get a chance to write and publish their work. Open Books holds their events in both their Pilsen and River North locations. In 2014, the organization participated in Chicago’s first Independent Bookstore Day. Their second location in the West Loop contains office spaces to host more events. Locations Open Books - Pilsen 905 W 19th St, Chicago IL, 60608 312.243.9776 Wed-Sun: 10am-4pm pilsen@openbooks.org Open Books’ Pilsen location has a “warehouse style set up” containing a variety of books that are appropriate for families and educators starting at $1. OpenBooks Pilsen hosts special event sales to promote neighborhood events, as well as the legacy project of Pablo Helguera’s Libería Donceles, dedicated to preserving the only collection of Spanish-language books in Chicago. These books are available for purchase at any price that the buyer feels is fair, and these as well as new English-language books are always coming in and out of OpenBooks Pilsen. Open Books - West Loop 651 W. Lake St Chicago, IL 60661 312.475.1355 x 100 Mon- Sat: 9am-7pm Sun: 12pm-6pm westloop@openbooks.org Open Books West Loop is a full-service neighborhood used-bookstore. The store has 50,000 books in numerous genres, a section dedicated to kids and young adults containing 10,000 books, comfortable space to read, full event list, and watchlist and ordering services. EVENTS Storytime Twice a week (Thursdays and Saturdays from 10am-11am) OpenBook West Loop (651 W. Lake St) hosts a free storytelling period that is open to all ages. The event includes a storytelling, read aloud books, singing, arts and crafts, and special guests. Reading Buddies Twice a week during the school year, OpenBook staff members and approved volunteers pair up with a 2nd or 3rd-grade student at a school in Chicago to read together for 30 minutes, play games and complete book activities. The goal of the program is for the student to gain confidence in and improve their reading skills, as well as increase their fluency and comprehension. At the end of the year, students to take part in the program can choose from a bag of books to take home Creative Writing Field Trips OpenBooks West Loop hosts creative nonfiction writing and performance workshops for 3rd-12th graders, ran by OpenBooks staff and approved volunteer writing coaches. The workshops cost $8 per student, and take place at OpenBooks West Loop location at 651 W. Lake St, Tuesday-Friday from 10 am-12: 30 pm year round. The students do interactive readings and icebreaker activities before going on to write their own prose and poetry and perform their work for their class at OpenBooks West Loop. After the workshop, all students receive printed copies of the classes anthology to keep. Creative Writing Club OpenBooks WestLoop hosts this new after-school program on Wednesdays from 4pm-5: 30 pm. The creative writing club includes activators such as writing prompts, playing games, and publication opportunities. It is a free program, ran by OpenBook Staff and approved writing coaches, and is open to 4th-12th graders. No advance registration is required to attend. Read Then Write Read Then Write is a reading, writing and publishing program OpenBooks offers for teenage authors. The program is hosted at select schools in Chicago and is open to 5th-12th-grade students. The program is held on weekdays during the school year and ran by OpenBook staff and approved volunteer writing coaches. Cost for the program is $50-$70 per student. Open Book Staff and the writing coaches assist students with writing their own personal memoirs, narratives, and poetry. At the end of the program, each student receives a book from the OpenBooks bookstore, a professionally published copy of the classes works and gets to exhibit their work for family and friends at a ceremony at the OpenBooks WestLoop bookstore. Publishing Academy OpenBooks Publishing academy is an intensive writing workshop that allows students to create, write and professionally publish a novel. The program begins with 5-week intensive workshops from July 9- August 9, followed by 9am-12: 30 pm workshops on the second Saturday of each month from Aug. - April. The program is open to 8th-12th-grade students and hosted at OpenBooks WestLoop location (651 W. Lake St). The cost of the program is $550 if the student registers by May; $600 if the student registers in April or May, and $650 in the student registers in June. With the assistance of OpenBooks staff and approved writing coaches students produce full-length novels, consult industry professionals about design and publication and get to meet with other published authors. After the programs, all finished works are exhibited to the public at a Publishing Academy Book Launch. Book Grants Every year, OpenBooks donates 135,000 quality books to create libraries in schools and nonprofit centers. This is to promote literacy events in the community and provide students with less access quality books. Book grants for children are book donations for class libraries or at-home use. Book grants given to adults are for use in non-profit settings such as clinics, shelters, or community centers.

Lauraski/sandbox

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Culture of Uruguay, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record

68.63.77.1

Ira 2018 film poster.jpg

== February 2018 == Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at American Dad! (season 8). Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Davejohnsan (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

2001:1970:4CA4:FC00:5136:B526:3F34:3DA

== May 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to International No Diet Day, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: International No Diet Day was changed by 86.129.31.167 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.964426 on 2011-05-05T18:16:11+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

86.129.31.167

Zlojicanel08 Is A Gamer That He Was Born In 1998.12.February At Bosnia And Herzegovina In Bihać == Gallery ==

Zlojicanel08

Year 171 (CLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Herennianus (or, less frequently, year 924 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 171 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. == Events == === By place === ==== Roman Empire ==== Emperor Marcus Aurelius forms a new military command, the praetentura Italiae et Alpium. Aquileia is relieved, and the Marcomanni are evicted from Roman territory. Marcus Aurelius signs a peace treaty with the Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges. The Germanic tribes of the Hasdingi (Vandals) and the Lacringi become Roman allies. Armenia and Mesopotamia become protectorates of the Roman Empire. The Costoboci cross the Danube (Dacia) and ravage Thrace in the Balkan Peninsula. They reach Eleusis, near Athens, and destroy the temple of the Eleusinian Mysteries. In May or June, the orator Aelius Aristides delivers a public speech in Smyrna, lamenting the damage recently inflicted to the sacred site of Eleusis. == Births == Sima Lang, Han dynasty official (d. 217) Tian Yu, general of the Cao Wei state in the Three Kingdoms period (d. 252) == Deaths == == References ==

171

Ira (film)

Pminhas97

== Welcome! == Hello, Pminhas97, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Ian and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment. I hope you enjoy editing here. If you haven't already done so, please check out the student training library, which introduces you to editing and Wikipedia's core principles. You may also want to check out the Teahouse, a community of Wikipedia editors dedicated to helping new users. Below are some resources to help you get started editing. {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;" ! Handouts |- | Choosing an article to edit Editing an article • Add images to articles Citing sources on Wikipedia |- ! Additional Resources |- | You can find answers to many student questions on our Q&A site, ask.wikiedu.org |- |} If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk)

Pminhas97

== November 2011 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Florence Christian School, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Florence Christian School was changed by 68.19.0.2 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.965119 on 2011-11-20T01:44:44+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

68.19.0.2

== May 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to The Golden Kite, The Silver Wind, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: The Golden Kite, The Silver Wind was changed by 71.128.202.98 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.954076 on 2011-05-05T18:16:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

71.128.202.98

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Turbidity, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Turbidity was changed by 24.17.118.227 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.968057 on 2012-06-13T04:18:41+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

24.17.118.227

== October 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Lamoille-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Lamoille-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat

72.92.153.11

==Welcome!== Hello 75.36.41.88, welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Our intro page contains a lot of helpful material for new users—please check it out! If you need help, visit Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place on this page, followed by your question, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. You also might want to consider being "adopted" by an experienced user who would show you how wikipedia works through a program called adopt-a-user. — alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk) == Rampart scandal reference == Hey! Thanks for putting that in there. You were having trouble, because the references section is set up to display things which are cited inline. It's OK to put books in that aren't cited inline, but we usually put them in a further reading section, like I did there with that book. You can read CITE for detailed information on how to make citations, if you're interested.— alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk)

75.36.41.88

Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims

Bosnia and Herzegovina nobility

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Beechcraft 1900, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

99.233.181.23

== Article Evaluation == The article soil erosion, rated as C class - top importance by Wikipedia Project Soil, was very informative and did not have any extra information that was distracting from the main topic of soil erosion. The overview was a clear summary that hit all the main points discussed throughout the article. There were clear headings, sub headings, equal sections and nice visuals that accompanied the content; however, it would have been nice if there were images showing the actual process of soil erosion. This article was not written to enforce an opinion on anyone, but rather to inform people about what erosion is and how some factors in nature and human activities can increase soil erosion. The author of this article uses a variety of non-biased and reliable sources that support the claims made with most of them being online articles from reputable sources and publishing companies like Elsevier. The information is also not outdated as majority of the references are relatively recent with the citation links working. This article was last updated in February 2018 which means that there is still work being done on this article to perfect it which is crucial as the page recieves approximately 1500 visits daily. The talk page of this article only consists of fixing a copyright violation and modifying some external links. The way Wikipedia discusses this topic is very similar to how it was discussed in lectures. == Goal == I aim to contribute to the existing Wikipedia page on Paleoclimatology by adding a section about how measuring δ18O values in benthic foraminifera can reveal information about deep sea bottom temperature. == Add to an Article == == Article Draft == What are forminiferas Oxygen fractionation process How foraminiferas specifically benthic forminiferas can reveal information about past climate Limitations to using benthic forminiferas - size of the shell of the foraminifera == Article == ==== Oxygen Fractionation Process ==== Oxygen undergoes a process called fractionation where water evaporates the lighter oxygen isotope (16O), and later condenses to precipitate as snow and forms ice sheets in higher latitudes. The heavier oxygen isotope, 18O gets left behind in the oceans. This 18O value that is prominent in oceans can then be measured and analyzed in benthic foraminifera to reveal information about deep-sea bottom temperature. This is because the two factors that affect the isotopic composition of foraminifera are the oxygen isotopic composition of water itself and the temperature of ocean water as the oxygen fractionation process is temperature dependent. The difference in the ratio of the sample compared with the standard can be calculated using the following equation: δ18O = x 1000 A positive δ18O value means that the sample which in this case is the ocean is enriched in 18O (or depleted in 16O) relative to the standard. A negative δ18O value means that is the ocean is depleted in 18O (or enriched in 16O) relative to the standard. ==== δ18O in Benthic Foraminifera ==== Foraminifera (formas) are shelled, unicellular organisms that can be found in all parts of the ocean. There are many different types of forams, however, scientists prefer to study benthic foraminiferas as they are one of the longest and most continuous paleoclimate records. These are a group of protists that lie on the sea floor where disturbance is minimal. Benthic forams use bicarbonate (HCO3-) to form their calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells which comes directly from the ocean water, thus, it gives climate scientists information on past variations of the δ18O signal. When the foraminiferas die, their shells shed off and accumulate on the seafloor which eventually becomes a part of the sedimentary record. From the record of benthic forminifera δ18O over the last 65 million years (Myr), it can be seen that this δ18O signal begins to drift erratically toward more positive values near 50 Myr ago enriching the ocean in 18O, indicating that the deep-sea ocean water is cooling. Changes in δ18O values measured in the foraminiferal shells increase by 1% for each 4.2°C decrease in the temperature of ocean water where δ18O becomes more abundant than 16O (). The increase in δ18O values tells us that the ocean temperature has been dropping and getting colder over time. The temperature of today’s deep ocean averages about 2°C and has cooled by at least 14°C over the last 50 Myr, which means that the deep-ocean temperature must have been near 16°C before 50 Myr ago. ==== Limitations ==== == Notes == Ruddiman, W. (2008). Earth’s Climate: Past and Future. (2nd Ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4edf/ee5ecd2975de584b116a73def1ba29e88899.pdf http://www.highstand.org/erohling/Rohling-papers/2013-Rohling-encyclopaedia-of-Quat-Sci.pdf http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf == References ==

Pminhas97/sandbox

The Press of Atlantic City is the fourth-largest daily newspaper in New Jersey, United States. Originally based in Pleasantville, it is the primary newspaper for southeastern New Jersey and the Jersey Shore. The newspaper designated market runs from Waretown in southern Ocean County (exit 69 on the Garden State Parkway) down to Cape May (exit 0). It also reaches west to Cumberland County, New Jersey. The paper has a combined print and digital daily circulation of 72,846 and a Sunday circulation of 95,626. The Press closed its printing facility in Pleasantville in 2014, at which time it outsourced printing to a facility in Freehold. That printing plant (owned by Gannett) closed in 2017, with most of the New Jersey printing and production operations consolidated in Gannett's Rockaway plant. Coverage focuses largely on local and regional news, with limited state, national and international news appearing on the Nation & World page in the Money section on page D3. The Press of Atlantic City also publishes various other products, including At The Shore, the area's entertainment guide. Presented in tabloid format, it is inserted in the paper each Thursday and an additional 20,000–40,000 copies are bulk dropped to key tourist locations throughout the year. Other specialty niche publications include Bliss, a twice yearly bridal magazine, Real Estate Monthly, Summer Fun, The Atlantic County Living Guide, and The Cape May County Living Guide, among many others. Two branded editions of the paper, Press Extra and Sunday Saver, provide very limited coverage of the area. Because the Press focuses on local issues, with an emphasis on local and school events – particularly high school sports – other daily papers have penetration in the area. These include the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Asbury Park Press, Cherry Hill's Courier-Post and the Vineland Daily Journal. ==History== The newspaper was founded in 1895 by Walter Edge as the Atlantic City Daily Press. In 1930 the name of the paper was changed to the Atlantic City Press, and in 1971 the name was changed to The Press. In 1988, its name was changed again to The Press of Atlantic City, the name currently in use. The paper was owned from 1951–2013 by Abarta, a privately owned Pittsburgh-based holding company largely known for Coca-Cola bottling, and oil and gas operations in Pennsylvania. On January 14, 2013, Abarta officials announced they were selling the paper to focus on their other business operations. On July 18, 2013, an asset purchase agreement was signed with BH Media for $9.6 million and the paper became wholly owned by BH Media, a Berkshire Hathaway company, on August 11, 2013. In 2014, BH Media bought the Current and Gazette newspapers. In 2015, BH Media bought Atlantic City Weekly. == Business office personnel == Publisher: Mark L. Blum Vice President of News: Kris Worrell Vice President of Sales and Marketing: Michelle Rice Director of Circulation: Carol Steiger Director of Advertising: Michelle Rice Finance Manager: Ellen Wolcott Human Resources Manager: Ed Steiger == Editorial content personnel == Executive Editor: Kris Worrell Managing Editor: W.F. Keough Editorial Page Editor: Kevin Post ==Editions and subscription rates == The Press of Atlantic City is available in several formats. It is published in print and in several digital formats. In May 2013, the paper shifted from a traditional business model of separate paid subscriptions for print and digital, and created All Access Passes which give readers access to the news across all available platforms for one price. Current rates range from $16.50 a month for full digital access with Sunday home delivery or no home deliver, to $23.50 for seven-day print home delivery plus full digital access. The print newsstand rate is $1.00 for the daily edition, and $2.00 for Sunday. Prices are higher in Toms River and north. On October 15, 2011, PressofAtlanticCity.com became a paid content website, and was the first daily newspaper site in New Jersey to request payment for access to its digital content. It is also available in a replica e-edition that allows viewers to see the entire paper digitally as it appears each day in print, along with page-turning technology and links. In addition to news and sports, both web editions have local auto, real estate and job pages within the respective sites. Readers may currently view up to five pages on a free trial, after which they are asked to subscribe. == References == ==External links== The Press of Atlantic City Mobile version Abarta.com Press of Atlantic City, The Atlantic County, New Jersey Cape May County, New Jersey Cumberland County, New Jersey Press of Atlantic City Berkshire Hathaway publications

The Press of Atlantic City

Hi my name is Chris Cleary I am a student at Memorial University located in Newfoundland Canada. My major is in political science. I am editing Wikipedia along side my classmates in International politics.

Chris Cleary

Rutland is the smallest current county in England. Rutland may also refer to: ==Places== Rutland Island, an island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean Canada Rutland Park, Calgary, a neighbourhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Rutland, Kelowna, a neighbourhood of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada Rutland, Saskatchewan, a community in Saskatchewan, Canada Ireland Rutland, Ireland, an island and electoral district in County Donegal United States Rutland, Illinois Rutland Township, Kane County, Illinois Rutland Township, LaSalle County, Illinois Rutland, Indiana Rutland, Iowa Rutland, Kentucky Rutland, Massachusetts Rutland (CDP), Massachusetts Rutland Charter Township, Michigan Rutland Township, Minnesota Rutland, New York Rutland, North Dakota Rutland, Ohio Rutland Township, Meigs County, Ohio Rutland Township, Pennsylvania Rutland, South Dakota Rutland (city), Vermont, the largest US city named Rutland Rutland County, Vermont Rutland (town), Vermont Rutland, Wisconsin, a town ==Other uses== Rutland Weekend Television, which spawned The Rutles Rutland Railroad, which served the New England states of the United States Rutland State Airport, an airport in Rutland, Vermont Duke of Rutland, derived from the county in England Mr Rutland, a male osprey who nested near Rutland Water ==People with the name== Mark Rutland (born 1947), American missionary Patti Rutland, American choreographer Rutland Barrington (1853-1922), British entertainer Rutland Boughton (1878-1960), British composer

Rutland (disambiguation)

== Your submission at Articles for creation: Dean Cameron Allen (February 3) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Joe Decker was:  The comment the reviewer left was: Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Dean Cameron Allen and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Dean Cameron Allen, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and save. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the . You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. joe deckertalk ==Your draft article, Dean Cameron Allen== Hello, Lou Quillio. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Dean Cameron Allen". In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the , , or code. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Hhkohh (talk)

Lou Quillio

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Max B, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

24.31.8.129

==February 2018== Please do not remove content or templates from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to Nicole Nagrani, without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. If you only meant to make a test edit, please use the sandbox for that. The editor who uses the pseudonym "JamesBWatson" (talk)

Newsedit

== Your submission at Articles for creation: Sharanya turadi sundaraj (February 3) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Joe Decker was: Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved. If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Sharanya turadi sundaraj and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Sharanya turadi sundaraj, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and save. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the . You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. joe deckertalk ==Speedy deletion nomination of Sharanya turadi sundaraj== Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice that the page you created, Sharanya turadi sundaraj, was tagged as a test page under section G2 of the criteria for speedy deletion and has been or soon may be deleted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the , or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Legacypac (talk)

Mohamed Fayaz

== February 2018 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Freehold Township High School has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Freehold Township High School was changed by Tjenningsjr (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.904344 on 2018-02-03T21:18:40+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

Tjenningsjr

Welcome! Hello, Sabdaljit, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Sabdaljit, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted. There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: Starting an article Your first article Biographies of living persons How to write a great article The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) ==Speedy deletion nomination of Sabdaljit== A tag has been placed on Sabdaljit, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion," which appears inside of the speedy deletion () tag (if no such tag exists, the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate). Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) Your account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because it appears to be mainly intended or used for publicity and/or promotional purposes. Please read the following carefully. Why can't I edit Wikipedia? Your account's edits and/or username indicate that it is being used on behalf of a company, group, celebrity or other well-known individual, or organization for purposes of promotion and/or publicity. The edits may have violated one or more of our rules on spamming, which include: adding inappropriate external links, posting advertisements, and using Wikipedia for promotion. Wikipedia has many articles on companies, groups, and organizations, but such groups are generally discouraged from using Wikipedia to write about themselves. In addition, usernames like yours are disallowed under our username policy. Am I allowed to make these edits if I change my username? Probably not. See FAQ/Organizations for a helpful list of frequently asked questions by people in your position. Also, review the conflict of interest guidance to see the kinds of limitations you would have to obey if you did want to continue editing about your company, group, or organization. If this does not fit in with your goals, then you will not be allowed to edit again. Consider using one of the many websites that allow this instead. What can I do now? You are still welcome to write about something other than your company or organization. If you do intend to make useful contributions on some other topic, you must convince a Wikipedia administrator that you mean it. To that end, please do the following: Add the text on your user talk page. Replace the text "Your proposed new username" with a new username you are willing to use. See Listusers to search for available usernames. Your new username will need to meet our username policy. Replace the text "Your reason here" with your reason to be unblocked. In this reason, you must: Convince us that you understand the reason for your block and that you will not repeat the edits for which you were blocked. Describe in general terms the contributions that you intend to make if you are unblocked. If you believe this block was made in error, please see how to appeal a block. TNXMan

Sabdaljit

North West Leicestershire District Council elections in Leicestershire North West Leicestershire

North West Leicestershire District Council elections

Jacob Whetton

Bosnia and Herzegovina people by ethnic or national origin

Headquarters, Idaho

== Welcome! == Hello, Tomend123, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful: Introduction and Getting started Contributing to Wikipedia The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article Simplified Manual of Style You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help. Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! —PaleoNeonate – Thank you PaleoNeonate Tomend123 (talk) == Your submission at Articles for creation: Tawana Kupe (December 9) == Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted because it included copyrighted content, which is not permitted on Wikipedia. You are welcome to write an article on the subject, but please do not use copyrighted work. Tawana Kupe may be deleted at any time unless the copied text is removed. Copyrighted work cannot be allowed to remain on Wikipedia. If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the . You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors. Nosebagbear (talk) Wikipedians who have received a Teahouse invitation through AfC == December 2018 == You have been blocked indefinitely from editing for abusing multiple accounts. Note that multiple accounts are allowed, but not for illegitimate reasons, and any contributions made while evading blocks or bans may be reverted or deleted. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page: .  Bbb23 (talk) == Request for unblock ==

Tomend123

Bosnia and Herzegovina people by occupation

Hi I'm Emily Seib and my major is Nuclear Medicine Technology Seib.Emily (talk) great job using talk but you did so on the course page instead of my talk page! JButlerModaff (talk) Hello, I'm Nicole L'Allier and I am a Communication Studies major with an emphasis in Professional and Organizational Studies. Nicole.lallier (talk) great job using talk features but can you introduce yourself on my talk page instead of the course talk page. JButlerModaff (talk) Hi, my name is Kylie Bentzen, and my major is Communication Studies with an emphasis in Professional and Organizational Studies. K.bentzen1 (talk) you did a great job using talk bu instead of the course page, can you introduce yourself on my talk page.

Wiki Ed/University of Wisconsin-La Crosse/CST 350 Organizational Communication 745AM (Spring 2018)

Bosnia and Herzegovina people by political orientation

== February 2018 == Hello, I'm KylieTastic. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Constellation have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. KylieTastic (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

196.146.237.250

== Welcome! == Hello, Yokojbian, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions, especially your edits to Elinor Ostrom. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful: Introduction and Getting started Contributing to Wikipedia The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article Simplified Manual of Style You may also want to complete the Wikipedia Adventure, an interactive tour that will help you learn the basics of editing Wikipedia. You can visit the Teahouse to ask questions or seek help. Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! Groceryheist (talk)

Yokojbian

Bosnia and Herzegovina people by religion

Seanbrhn3

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Maragondon, Cavite, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. - Briarfallen (talk)

2.89.237.81

== November 2011 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Camp Micah, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Camp Micah was changed by 72.93.251.225 (u) (t) ANN scored at 1 on 2011-11-20T01:45:23+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) == November 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one of your recent edits has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Wellesley, Massachusetts was changed by 72.93.251.225 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.966297 on 2012-11-07T02:14:58+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

72.93.251.225

== Welcome! == Hello, Seanbrhn3, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Shalor and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment. I hope you enjoy editing here. If you haven't already done so, please check out the student training library, which introduces you to editing and Wikipedia's core principles. You may also want to check out the Teahouse, a community of Wikipedia editors dedicated to helping new users. Below are some resources to help you get started editing. {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;" ! Handouts |- | Choosing an article to edit Editing an article • Add images to articles Citing sources on Wikipedia |- ! Additional Resources |- | You can find answers to many student questions on our Q&A site, ask.wikiedu.org |- |} If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Shalor (Wiki Ed) (talk)

Seanbrhn3

Seanbrhn3/sandbox

Greene Naftali Gallery

== Welcome == Hello, ThunderViper, and Welcome to Wikipedia! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you enjoy the encyclopedia and want to stay. As a first step, you may wish to read the Introduction. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me at my talk page – I'm happy to help. Or, you can ask your question at the New contributors' help page. Here are some more resources to help you as you explore and contribute to the world's largest encyclopedia... Finding your way around: Table of contents / Department directory The Wikipedia Adventure (a tutorial orienting you with Wikipedia) Need help? Questions – a guide on where to ask questions Cheatsheet – quick reference on Wikipedia's mark-up codes Wikipedia's 5 pillars – an overview of Wikipedia's foundations Article wizard – a Wizard to help you create articles The simplified ruleset – a summary of Wikipedia's most important rules Guide to Wikipedia – a thorough step-by-step guide to Wikipedia How you can help: Contributing to Wikipedia – a guide on how you can help Community portal – Wikipedia's hub of activity Additional tips... Please sign your messages on talk pages with four tildes (~~~~). This will automatically insert your "signature" (your username and a date stamp). The or button, on the tool bar above Wikipedia's text editing window, also does this. If you would like to play around with your new Wiki skills without changing the mainspace, the Sandbox is for you. ThunderViper, good luck, and have fun. — JJMC89 (T·C)

ThunderViper

== Welcome == Hello, Feelzbliz, and Welcome to Wikipedia! Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you enjoy the encyclopedia and want to stay. As a first step, you may wish to read the Introduction. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me at my talk page – I'm happy to help. Or, you can ask your question at the New contributors' help page. Here are some more resources to help you as you explore and contribute to the world's largest encyclopedia... Finding your way around: Table of contents / Department directory The Wikipedia Adventure (a tutorial orienting you with Wikipedia) Need help? Questions – a guide on where to ask questions Cheatsheet – quick reference on Wikipedia's mark-up codes Wikipedia's 5 pillars – an overview of Wikipedia's foundations Article wizard – a Wizard to help you create articles The simplified ruleset – a summary of Wikipedia's most important rules Guide to Wikipedia – a thorough step-by-step guide to Wikipedia How you can help: Contributing to Wikipedia – a guide on how you can help Community portal – Wikipedia's hub of activity Additional tips... Please sign your messages on talk pages with four tildes (~~~~). This will automatically insert your "signature" (your username and a date stamp). The or button, on the tool bar above Wikipedia's text editing window, also does this. If you would like to play around with your new Wiki skills without changing the mainspace, the Sandbox is for you. Feelzbliz, good luck, and have fun. — JJMC89 (T·C)

Feelzbliz

Welcome! Hello, Daksh prajapat tiles works, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Daksh prajapat tiles works, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted. There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: Starting an article Your first article Biographies of living persons How to write a great article The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) ==Speedy deletion nomination of Daksh prajapat tiles works== A tag has been placed on Daksh prajapat tiles works, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion," which appears inside of the speedy deletion () tag (if no such tag exists, the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate). Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Simple Bob a.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) == Blocked == Your account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because it appears to be mainly intended or used for publicity and/or promotional purposes. Please read the following carefully. Why can't I edit Wikipedia? Your account's edits and/or username indicate that it is being used on behalf of a company, group, celebrity or other well-known individual, or organization for purposes of promotion and/or publicity. The edits may have violated one or more of our rules on spamming, which include: adding inappropriate external links, posting advertisements, and using Wikipedia for promotion. Wikipedia has many articles on companies, groups, and organizations, but such groups are generally discouraged from using Wikipedia to write about themselves. In addition, usernames like yours are disallowed under our username policy. Am I allowed to make these edits if I change my username? Probably not. See FAQ/Organizations for a helpful list of frequently asked questions by people in your position. Also, review the conflict of interest guidance to see the kinds of limitations you would have to obey if you did want to continue editing about your company, group, or organization. If this does not fit in with your goals, then you will not be allowed to edit again. Consider using one of the many websites that allow this instead. What can I do now? You are still welcome to write about something other than your company or organization. If you do intend to make useful contributions on some other topic, you must convince a Wikipedia administrator that you mean it. To that end, please do the following: Add the text on your user talk page. Replace the text "Your proposed new username" with a new username you are willing to use. See Listusers to search for available usernames. Your new username will need to meet our username policy. Replace the text "Your reason here" with your reason to be unblocked. In this reason, you must: Convince us that you understand the reason for your block and that you will not repeat the edits for which you were blocked. Describe in general terms the contributions that you intend to make if you are unblocked. If you believe this block was made in error, please see how to appeal a block. Atama頭

Daksh prajapat tiles works

Salinas de Janubio are salt flats in Lanzarote of the Canary Islands. It is about north of Playa Blanca. In 1730, lava from volcano eruptions formed the walls of a natural lagoon. The salt flats were first created in 1895. The waters from the natural lagoon are evaporated to yield the salt. The waters of the lagoon were originally pumped in using wind power, but now electric pumps are used. Up to 2,000-15,000 tons of salt per year can be extracted from the salt flats. The salt that came from the salt flats has been used to preserve fish. The salt has also been used to make dyes that local artists use, especially for decorations used in the annual Corpus Christi festival. A number of migratory birds visit the salt flats. ==References== Canary Islands

Salinas de Janubio

== February 2018 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Paul Zipser has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Paul Zipser was changed by PaulZipser (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.855201 on 2018-02-03T21:21:12+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

PaulZipser

== Summary == == Licensing ==

TeitokunoKetsudanJPBoxShotGenesis.jpg

BWA or Bwa may refer to: Baptist World Alliance Billiards World Cup Association, a former carom-governing body Bosnian Wand Airlines, an airline of Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana, ISO 3-letter country code Broadband Wireless Access, technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, a bioinformatic tool (algorithm) to map short nucleotide sequences to a reference genome Bwa people of Burkina Faso and Mali Bwa languages, a branch of the Gur languages spoken by the Bwa people of Burkina Faso and Mali Bwa language, a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Baboa people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo British West Africa, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, and Nigeria in the colonial era BWIA West Indies Airways, ICAO code and predecessor of Caribbean Airlines Caribbean Airlines, ICAO code Red Bull Big Wave Africa, a surfing competition

BWA

Ustad Ali Quli was a commander of the Mughal Empire. Under the reign of Babur, he commanded artillery for his army. At the Battle of Khanwa against the Hindu Rajputs, he commanded his cannon batteries. ==Introduction of Ustad Ali Quli to Babur== Babur began relations with the Safavids when he met Ali Mirza Safavi at Samarkand; their good relations lasted even after Babur was approached by the Ottomans. The Safavids army led by Najm-e Sani massacred civilians in Central Asia and then sought the assistance of Babur, who advised the Safavids to withdraw. The Safavids, however, refused and were defeated during the Battle of Ghazdewan by the warlord Ubaydullah Khan. Babur's early relations with the Ottomans were poor because the Ottoman Sultan Selim I provided his rival Ubaydullah Khan with powerful matchlocks and cannons. In 1507, when ordered to accept Selim I as his rightful suzerain, Babur refused and gathered Qizilbash servicemen in order to counter the forces of Ubaydullah Khan during the Battle of Ghazdewan. In 1513, Selim I reconciled with Babur (fearing that he would join the Safavids), dispatched Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa Rumi the matchlock marksman, and many other Ottoman Turks, in order to assist Babur in his conquests; this particular assistance proved to be the basis of future Mughal-Ottoman relations. From them, he also adopted the tactic of using matchlocks and cannons in field (rather than only in sieges), which would give him an important advantage in India. ==References== Mughal Empire people Year of birth missing Year of death missing

Ustad Ali Quli

== June 2012 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is invited to contribute, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to MTV Splitsvilla, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Logical Cowboy (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. == March 2014 == Hello, I'm Materialscientist. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to High school ice hockey in New Jersey because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Materialscientist (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. Hello, I'm Cwmhiraeth. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Amphibian because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Cwmhiraeth (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Binocular vision. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. Cwmhiraeth (talk) ==Hermann Halosar concern== Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Hermann Halosar, a page you created, has not been edited in 6 months. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace. If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it. If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at REFUND/G13. Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) ==Your draft article, Hermann Halosar== Hello 167.211.190.12. It has been over six months since you last edited your AFC draft article submission, entitled "Hermann Halosar". The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the or code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace. If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by one of two methods (don't do both): 1) follow the instructions at REFUND/G13, or 2) copy this code: , paste it in the edit box at this link, and click "Save page". An administrator will in most cases undelete the submission. Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. JMHamo (talk)

167.211.190.12

== Quality of the article == I have added a clean up template to the article and cleaned up all of the current references. This article written like a high school book report, and this film is important enough to deserve better. SirkablaamTalk

The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight

{| |} SM U-39 was a German Type U 31 U-boat which operated in the Mediterranean Sea during World War I. It ended up being the second most successful U-boat participating in the war, sinking 157 ships for a total of 404,478 tons. Its longest-serving captain was Kptlt. Walther Forstmann, who was awarded the Pour le Mérite during command on U-39. From January to mid-1917, Martin Niemöller served as U-39's coxswain. He is known as the author of the poem "First they came" which is inscribed at the New England Holocaust Museum. As an enemy of the Reich, he was imprisoned from 1938-1945 in Sachsenhausen and Dachau. In 1917 and 1918, Karl Dönitz served as watch officer on this boat. He later became Grand Admiral and Commander in Chief of the German Navy, and, for three weeks, the 4th President of Germany. ==Design== German Type U 31 submarines were double-hulled ocean-going submarines similar to Type 23 and Type 27 subs in dimensions and differed only slightly in propulsion and speed. They were considered very good high sea boats with average manoeuvrability and good surface steering. U-39 had an overall length of , her pressure hull was long. The boat's beam was (o/a), while the pressure hull measured . Type 31s had a draught of with a total height of . The boats displaced a total of ; when surfaced and when submerged. U-39 was fitted with two Germania 6-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines with a total of for use on the surface and two Siemens-Schuckert double-acting electric motors with a total of for underwater use. These engines powered two shafts each with a propeller, which gave the boat a top surface speed of , and when submerged. Cruising range was at on the surface, and at under water. Diving depth was . The U-boat was armed with four torpedo tubes, two fitted in the bow and two in the stern, and carried 6 torpedoes. Additionally U-39 was equipped in 1915 with one Uk L/30 deck gun, which was replaced with a in 1916/17. The boat's complement was 4 officers and 31 enlisted. ==Fate== On 27 April 1918, U-39 sailed from Pola under command of Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Metzger, for operations in the Western Mediterranean. On 17 May, together with , U-39 operated against a convoy North of Oran, from which it sank the British steamer Sculptor (4,874 tons) in a submerged attack. At 13:50 on 18 May, when in a position , U-39 was attacked by two French seaplanes. It crash-dived, but when reaching a depth of 12 meters two bombs exploded very close; the after torpedo room flooded, the diving planes were destroyed, and the boat began sinking by the stern. Kptlt. Metzger ordered the tanks blown and U-39 surfaced, but the heavy damage suffered prevented diving again. Metzger was forced to lay a course for the nearest Spanish harbour, Cartagena. At about 17:00, U-39 was attacked again by two seaplanes; it fought back with gun and machine-guns, and the enemy bombs caused no damage, but during the action two crewmen (sailor Schulz and stoker Hausottl) fell overboard and were lost. In the evening U-39 reached Cartagena and was interned for the remainder of the war. It was surrendered to France on 22 March 1919 and was broken up at Toulon in 1923. ==Summary of raiding history== ==References== ===Notes=== ===Citations=== ==Bibliography== ==External links== German Type U 31 submarines U-boats commissioned in 1915 World War I submarines of Germany 1914 ships Ships built in Kiel

SM U-39

Willem "Wim" van Est (25 March 1923 – 1 May 2003) was a Dutch racing cyclist. He is best known for being the first Dutch cyclist to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification in the Tour de France of 1951, and for falling into a ravine while wearing it. ==Biography== Van Est was born in the town of Fijnaart, in North Brabant. Prior to his cycling career, he used to smuggle tobacco by bike, but was eventually caught and served several months in prison. He started his cycling career (as an amateur) in 1946, after a professional runner had seen him race in a local competition as part of a wager. His first major victory came in 1950, when he won the 600 km Bordeaux–Paris race. In 1951, Van Est was part of the Dutch team for the Tour de France. In the 12th stage, from Agen to Dax, he escaped with a small group. He won the stage and gained 19 minutes on the leader, enough to move up to first place in the general classification. As the first Dutchman to wear the accompanying yellow jersey he was praised by the public and media at home. The next day, in defence of his position, Van Est was chasing the leaders in the descent of the Col d'Aubisque. Due to a flat tyre (according to Van Est himself), he slipped away and fell into a 70 m deep ravine. Miraculously, he survived the fall and had no serious injuries. Using a chain of tyres, and helped by spectators and his manager, he managed to get back to the road. Van Est wanted to continue, but was persuaded to go to the hospital. At home, Van Est's fame grew even more when Pontiac, which had supplied watches to the Dutch team in the Tour de France, started an advertising campaign "Seventy meters deep I dropped, my heart stood still but my Pontiac never stopped". Later in his career, Van Est twice won the Ronde van Nederland, wore the yellow jersey again in 1955 and 1958, placed 8th in 1957 and won two more stages. Also, he won Bordeaux–Paris two more times, two national road titles, four national titles in the individual pursuit on the track, as well as three medals in the pursuit at the World Championships. Nevertheless, he remained most famous for the two days in the 1951 Tour de France. To remember this event, a monument was placed on the mountain 50 years after the event, on 17 July 2001. Wim van Est died in his hometown Sint Willebrord. His brothers Piet, Kees, Toon, Leen and Nico were also professional cyclists. ==Major results== 1947 1st Saarland Rundfahrt 1949 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Stage 5 Ronde van Nederland 3rd World Individual Pursuit Championships 1950 1st Bordeaux–Paris 2nd World Individual Pursuit Championships 1951 1st Stage 12 Tour de France 2nd Bordeaux–Paris 1952 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 4a 1st Stage 7 1st Nokere Koerse 1st Bordeaux–Paris 1953 1st Dutch Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Tour of Flanders 1st Stage 1 Giro d'Italia 1st Stage 16 Tour de France 1st Stage 2b Dwars door Vlaanderen 2nd Gent–Wevelgem 2nd Bordeaux–Paris 1954 1st Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 3 1st Stage 4 1st Stage 7 1st Stage 4b Tour de France 1st Overall Driedaagse van Antwerpen 2nd Bordeaux–Paris 1955 1st Duth Individual Pursuit Champion 1st Stage 1b (TTT) Tour de France 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 2 1st Stage 7 3rd World Individual Pursuit Championships 1956 1st Dutch Road Race Championship 1st Duth Motor-paced Champion 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 8a 3rd Overall Driedaagse van Antwerpen 1st Stage 2b (TTT) 1st Stage 3a 1st GP Stad Vilvoorde 2nd Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne 1957 1st Dutch Road Race Championship 2nd Overall Ronde van Nederland 1st Stage 4 1st Stage 6 1958 1st Duth Motor-paced Champion 1960 1st Stage 7 Ronde van Nederland 1961 1st Bordeaux–Paris == See also== List of Dutch cyclists who have led the Tour de France general classification ==References== == External links == Official Tour de France results for Wim van Est More extensive story of Van Ests fall in 1951 Contemporary newsreel footage of the crash (in French) 1923 births 2003 deaths Dutch male cyclists Dutch Tour de France stage winners People from Moerdijk Dutch Giro d'Italia stage winners Tour de France cyclists Giro d'Italia cyclists UCI Road World Championships cyclists for the Netherlands Sportspeople from North Brabant

Wim van Est

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69.136.17.213

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Hidden Springs, Idaho