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Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.1431640625,0.17412109375,0.490625,0.316015625] | Control of widespread invasive alien species requires sustained,
large-scale efforts but can lead to improvement in the provision
of a range of nature's contributions to people {Box 5.19}.
Certain invasive alien plants, such as shrubs and trees, can
reduce water availability, especially in scenarios of increasing
drought caused by climate change {Box 5.4}. In South Africa,
the Working for Water programme, an Expanded Public
Works Programme, was introduced in 1995 and targeted
historically disadvantaged communities, primarily women,
youth and disabled people, creating jobs to reduce poverty
nationally through the removal of widespread woody invasive | raw_document.pdf | 37 | Text_0_37 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.1189453125,0.3630859375,0.49453125,0.7015625] | management approach, including ecosystem restoration,
depends on long-term monitoring to assess management
efficacy using ecological and social indicators (established
but incomplete) {5.5.2, 6.6.3}. Long-term monitoring of sites
ensures early detection of new introductions, reintroductions
and re-emergence of invasive alien species (e.g., from a
seed bank that includes invasive alien plants) and can inform
further management actions (well established) {5.4.3.3.b,
5.5.6}. However, most studies failed to quantify the
effectiveness of ecosystem restoration since they failed to
measure the initial status of native vegetation. This has led
to inconsistent conclusions regarding the best invasive alien
plant control option which may lead to the most effective
ecosystem restoration {5.4.3.3b; 5.5.6}. Regarding
freshwater ecosystems, monitoring biodiversity using
macroinvertebrate-based indices is a widely used method
globally. However, knowledge is lacking on how invasive
alien species may affect the metric scores and therefore
classification of a river's status (established but incomplete)
{5.6.2.3}. In marine and connected water systems,
ecosystem restoration has so far proved to be largely
ineffective because the systems are open, leading to
difficulties in implementing and evaluating management
actions (established but incomplete) {5.5.6, 5.6.1.1}. | raw_document.pdf | 37 | Text_1_37 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.11865234375,0.716015625,0.493359375,0.915625] | C22 Tools and technologies increase efficiencies
when managing biological invasions and controlling
invasive alien species, with many new options
emerging (established but incomplete) {5.4}. The
development of tools and technologies ranging from
biotechnology to bioinformatics and data analytics is ongoing
for managing pathways, surveillance and detection, rapid
response and eradication, local containment and control of
widespread invasive alien species (well established) {5.4.1,
5.4.2, 5.4.3}. eDNA-based approaches have been used for
detection and identification of invasive alien, mostly aquatic,
species such as Orconectes rusticus (rusty crayfish) (well
established) {5.4.2.1}. New approaches can be integrated
with existing management actions to support site- and | raw_document.pdf | 37 | Text_2_37 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.50859375,0.17412109375,0.84296875,0.31640625] | alien species threatening water conservation {Box 5.19}. The
programme generated 20,000 jobs per year over the first
15 years and has helped to improve nature's contributions
to people by improving water security {Box 5.19}. It has
contributed to rural development by providing training in
entrepreneurial and management skills while encouraging a
sense of community and dignity among workers, especially
women. The Working for Water programme shows how
partnerships with rural communities to manage invasive
alien species can bring both ecological and social benefits
{Box 5.19}. | raw_document.pdf | 37 | Text_3_37 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.509375,0.362890625,0.88203125,0.68828125] | ecosystem-based management and restoration (established
but incomplete) {5.4}. Multi-stakeholder engagement,
including risk communication and context-specific
application of approaches through local communities, can
improve public acceptability and adoption of new tools and
technologies for managing biological invasions and the
control of invasive alien species (well established) {5.2.1,
5.4.3, 5.6.2.1, 6.4.1}. Potential benefits and risks of novel
technologies can be assessed using a risk assessment and
risk management framework in line with a precautionary
approach, as appropriate (well established) {5.4.3.2.f}. Using
this framework in consultation with regulators, stakeholders
and Indigenous Peoples and local communities can limit the
potential for unintended consequences (well established)
{5.4.3.2}. However, most countries do not have the
regulatory frameworks and/or technical capabilities needed
to guide and support development and implementation of
new tools and technologies (established but incomplete)
{5.4.3.2, 6.3.3.4}. Access to modern tools and technologies
and the ability to utilize them can be limited, particularly in
developing countries, meaning greater capacity-building is
required and improved technical and scientific cooperation
(well established) {5.6.2.4, 6.7.2.7}. | raw_document.pdf | 37 | Text_4_37 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.509765625,0.700390625,0.8859375,0.915625] | C23 Stakeholder engagement, capacity-building
and sustained resourcing are critical to the
success of adaptive management (well established)
{5.2.1, 5.6.2.1, 5.6.2.2, 5.6.2.4, 6.4.1, 6.5.3, 6.5.6,
6.5.7}. Access to adequate and sustained financial and
other resources, including international funding to support
developing countries, underpins and improves the
effectiveness of actions for long-term management of
biological invasions, including eradication, control and
ongoing monitoring, by, for example, providing access to
modern tools and enhancing capacity to deploy them (well
established) {5.3.1, 5.5.7, 5.6.2.1, 5.6.2.2, 5.6.2.4, 6.5,
6.5.7}. Engagement by all stakeholders, governments and
the private sector helps to optimize management of
biological invasions in terms of economic, environmental | raw_document.pdf | 37 | Text_5_37 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.419921875,0.051123046875,0.88125,0.060107421875] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Page-header_0_38 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.9328125,0.444140625,0.9546875,0.60625] | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Page-header_1_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
and social outcomes, particularly when resources are limited
(well established) {5.2.1, 6.5.1}. Societal support is
important for eradication and control of some invasive alien
species, particularly vertebrates, for which there are ethical
considerations {5.3.1.4, 5.4.3.2, 5.6.2.1}. A lack of
stakeholder participation in adaptive management can lead
to negative consequences for good quality of life, especially
for Indigenous Peoples and local communities who have
adapted by using invasive alien species, that include loss of
livelihoods, marginalization and/or gender inequity (well
established) {Box 4.18, 5.2.1, 5.4.3.3.a, 5.5.3, 5.6.1.2,
6.4.1}. The involvement of all stakeholders can be achieved
by using an adaptive co-management approach to the
process, from decision-making to the implementation of
management actions (well established) {5.4.3.3.a, 5.6.2.5}.
Adaptive co-management includes capacity-building;
co-creation, co-design, co-development and coimplementation; social learning; and broad partnerships
(established but incomplete) {5.7, 6.4.2, 6.4.3.2, 6.4.4}.
Collaboratively addressing the management of biological
invasions around which there are conflicting values among
different sectors, stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples and
local communities is a significant global policy challenge
(well established) {5.6.1.2}.
C24 The knowledge, practices, values and
customary governance systems of Indigenous
Peoples and local communities can improve
management outcomes (established but
incomplete) {5.2.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.5, 5.6.1.2,
6.4.3}. Many communities successfully manage invasive
alien species on their lands (established but incomplete)
{Box 5.6, 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.5}, leading to increases in
nature's contributions to people (Box SPM.4) (established
but incomplete) {5.5.4, 5.5.5}. Consultation with
Indigenous Peoples and local communities, through their
free, prior and informed consent, by applying co-design
principles for decision-making and actions helps to ensure
efficacy of management outcomes at the local level
(established but incomplete) {5.2.1, 6.4.3}. Co-delivered
biocultural management plans based on shared scientific,
technical and Indigenous and local knowledge systems
have assisted surveillance and detection, eradication,
containment and control of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {5.5.3, 5.6.1.2, 6.4.3.2}. Such
co-governance structures improve quality of life for
Indigenous Peoples and local communities (established
but incomplete) {6.4.3}.
D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance
D25 Management of biological invasions and
prevention and control of invasive alien species
can be achieved through a context-specific
integrated governance approach with a set of
complementary strategic actions (Figure SPM.7)
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.1, 6.7.2,
6.7.3}. Integrated governance for biological invasions
consists of establishing the relationships between the roles
of actors, institutions and instruments. This involves all those
elements of the interactions between people and nature that
act on biological invasion and their management, in order to
identify the strategic interventions needed to improve
outcomes of prevention and control of invasive alien species
{Box 6.5}. A context-specific integrated governance
approach provides flexibility for countries to identify which
strategic actions should be prioritized and can help in
managing trade-offs and policy conflicts and in avoiding
unintended policy consequences and inefficient expenditure
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.1}. Strategic actions
to prevent the introduction and impact of invasive alien
species include:
1. Enhance coordination and collaboration across
international and regional mechanisms (established but
incomplete) {6.2.3.4, 6.7.2.1};
2. Develop and adopt effective and achievable national
implementation strategies (well established) {6.2.3.2,
6.3.3.1, 6.7.2.3};
3. Share efforts and commitments and understanding
of the specific roles of all actors (established but
incomplete) {6.7.2.5};
4. Improve policy coherence (well established) {6.3.1.1,
6.3.2, 6.3.3.1, 6.7.2.2};
5. Engage broadly across governmental sectors, industry,
the scientific community, Indigenous Peoples and local
communities and the wider public (established but
incomplete) {6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.7.2.4};
6. Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation,
research and environmentally sound technology
(established but incomplete) {6.3.3.4, 6.7.2.7};
7. Support information systems, infrastructures and data
sharing (established but incomplete) {6.6.2.3, 6.7.2.6}.
Effective implementation, robustness of relevant institutions,
responsiveness and equitability are key properties of | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Full-Page_0_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.11845703125,0.1212890625,0.490625,0.4609375] | and social outcomes, particularly when resources are limited
(well established) {5.2.1, 6.5.1}. Societal support is
important for eradication and control of some invasive alien
species, particularly vertebrates, for which there are ethical
considerations {5.3.1.4, 5.4.3.2, 5.6.2.1}. A lack of
stakeholder participation in adaptive management can lead
to negative consequences for good quality of life, especially
for Indigenous Peoples and local communities who have
adapted by using invasive alien species, that include loss of
livelihoods, marginalization and/or gender inequity (well
established) {Box 4.18, 5.2.1, 5.4.3.3.a, 5.5.3, 5.6.1.2,
6.4.1}. The involvement of all stakeholders can be achieved
by using an adaptive co-management approach to the
process, from decision-making to the implementation of
management actions (well established) {5.4.3.3.a, 5.6.2.5}.
Adaptive co-management includes capacity-building;
co-creation, co-design, co-development and coimplementation; social learning; and broad partnerships
(established but incomplete) {5.7, 6.4.2, 6.4.3.2, 6.4.4}.
Collaboratively addressing the management of biological
invasions around which there are conflicting values among
different sectors, stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples and
local communities is a significant global policy challenge
(well established) {5.6.1.2}. | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Text_0_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people. |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.1173828125,0.498046875,0.88984375,0.541015625] | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Section-header_0_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.11884765625,0.55859375,0.494140625,0.86015625] | D25 Management of biological invasions and
prevention and control of invasive alien species
can be achieved through a context-specific
integrated governance approach with a set of
complementary strategic actions (Figure SPM.7)
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.1, 6.7.2,
6.7.3}. Integrated governance for biological invasions
consists of establishing the relationships between the roles
of actors, institutions and instruments. This involves all those
elements of the interactions between people and nature that
act on biological invasion and their management, in order to
identify the strategic interventions needed to improve
outcomes of prevention and control of invasive alien species
{Box 6.5}. A context-specific integrated governance
approach provides flexibility for countries to identify which
strategic actions should be prioritized and can help in
managing trade-offs and policy conflicts and in avoiding
unintended policy consequences and inefficient expenditure
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.1}. Strategic actions
to prevent the introduction and impact of invasive alien
species include:
<Section-header> D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 38 | Text_1_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_0 | List-item | Text | [0.120703125,0.87421875,0.48671875,0.91640625] | 1. Enhance coordination and collaboration across
international and regional mechanisms (established but
incomplete) {6.2.3.4, 6.7.2.1}; | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_0_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.509765625,0.1181640625,0.88359375,0.446875] | C24 The knowledge, practices, values and
customary governance systems of Indigenous
Peoples and local communities can improve
management outcomes (established but
incomplete) {5.2.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.5, 5.6.1.2,
6.4.3}. Many communities successfully manage invasive
alien species on their lands (established but incomplete)
{Box 5.6, 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.5}, leading to increases in
nature's contributions to people (Box SPM.4) (established
but incomplete) {5.5.4, 5.5.5}. Consultation with
Indigenous Peoples and local communities, through their
free, prior and informed consent, by applying co-design
principles for decision-making and actions helps to ensure
efficacy of management outcomes at the local level
(established but incomplete) {5.2.1, 6.4.3}. Co-delivered
biocultural management plans based on shared scientific,
technical and Indigenous and local knowledge systems
have assisted surveillance and detection, eradication,
containment and control of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {5.5.3, 5.6.1.2, 6.4.3.2}. Such
co-governance structures improve quality of life for
Indigenous Peoples and local communities (established
but incomplete) {6.4.3}. | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Text_2_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_1 | List-item | Text | [0.509765625,0.56171875,0.8609375,0.603125] | 2. Develop and adopt effective and achievable national
implementation strategies (well established) {6.2.3.2,
6.3.3.1, 6.7.2.3}; | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_1_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_2 | List-item | Text | [0.511328125,0.618359375,0.8609375,0.66015625] | 3. Share efforts and commitments and understanding
of the specific roles of all actors (established but
incomplete) {6.7.2.5}; | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_2_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_3 | List-item | Text | [0.5109375,0.675390625,0.86328125,0.702734375] | 4. Improve policy coherence (well established) {6.3.1.1,
6.3.2, 6.3.3.1, 6.7.2.2}; | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_3_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_4 | List-item | Text | [0.511328125,0.71796875,0.8765625,0.773828125] | 5. Engage broadly across governmental sectors, industry,
the scientific community, Indigenous Peoples and local
communities and the wider public (established but
incomplete) {6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.7.2.4}; | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_4_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_5 | List-item | Text | [0.510546875,0.7890625,0.86015625,0.83203125] | 6. Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation,
research and environmentally sound technology
(established but incomplete) {6.3.3.4, 6.7.2.7}; | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_5_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
List-item_6 | List-item | Text | [0.508203125,0.84609375,0.871875,0.87421875] | 7. Support information systems, infrastructures and data
sharing (established but incomplete) {6.6.2.3, 6.7.2.6}. | raw_document.pdf | 38 | List-item_6_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.50703125,0.88984375,0.8796875,0.9171875] | Effective implementation, robustness of relevant institutions,
responsiveness and equitability are key properties of | raw_document.pdf | 38 | Text_3_38 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
38SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
Integrated governance of
biological invasions
Properties of governance systems
that support integration
3 - Share efforts
and commitments;
understand specific
roles of actors
2 - Develop and
adopt effective and
achievable national
implementation
strategies
1 - Enhance
coordination and
collaboration
across international
and regional
mechanisms
4 - Improve policy
coherence
5 - Engage
broadly across
all stakeholders
and Indigenous
Peoples and local
communities
6 - Resource
innovation, research
and technology
7 - Support
information systems,
infrastructures
and data sharing
Robust
institutions
that maintain
performance
through sustained
investment and
commitment Responsive
governance
that adapts to
different and
changing
contexts
Effective
implementation
that results in the
achievement of
goals and targets
Equitable and
inclusive
governance that is fair
to all people,
communities, and
institutions affected
by and responsible
for the problem
Figure SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions.
A context-specific integrated governance approach to biological invasions is enabled by a governance system with properties that
support integration, and a set of strategic actions that together are designed to bring about the progress needed to meet national
and international goals and targets for biological invasions. Integrated governance is rooted in four essential properties of governance | raw_document.pdf | 39 | Full-Page_0_39 | 37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.1197265625,0.051220703125,0.58046875,0.060546875] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | raw_document.pdf | 39 | Page-header_0_39 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [0.11796875,0.1171875,0.8796875,0.83515625] |
<Caption> Properties of governance systems
that support integration </Caption>
| raw_document.pdf | 39 | Picture_0_39 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.052294921875,0.4578125,0.065380859375,0.609375] | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 39 | Page-header_1_39 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Caption_0 | Caption | Text | [0.33671875,0.7828125,0.66484375,0.81640625] | Properties of governance systems
that support integration | raw_document.pdf | 39 | Caption_0_39 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can
be achieved with integrated governance |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.16884765625,0.83828125,0.60625,0.8546875] | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. | raw_document.pdf | 39 | Section-header_0_39 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.13671875,0.85859375,0.8609375,0.89765625] | A context-specific integrated governance approach to biological invasions is enabled by a governance system with properties that
support integration, and a set of strategic actions that together are designed to bring about the progress needed to meet national
and international goals and targets for biological invasions. Integrated governance is rooted in four essential properties of governance | raw_document.pdf | 39 | Text_0_39 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.41953125,0.0492919921875,0.86875,0.060546875] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Page-header_0_40 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.93203125,0.441796875,0.95546875,0.60859375] | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Page-header_1_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
systems (tree roots) that support the strategic actions (branches) to be achieved. Together, the properties and actions will bring
about the step change needed for effective and sustainable management of biological invasions. Integrated governance for biological
invasions reinforces the enabling conditions identified as necessary to fulfil the 2030 mission of the Kunming-Montreal Global
Biodiversity Framework. An integrated governance approach activates specific strategic actions that promote transformative change
to meet the goals of preventing and controlling biological invasions.
The strategic actions are:
1. Enhance coordination and collaboration across international and regional mechanisms.
2. Develop and adopt effective and achievable national implementation strategies.
3. Share efforts, commitments and understanding of the specific roles of all actors.
4. Improve policy coherence.
5. Engage broadly across governmental sectors, industry, the scientific community, Indigenous Peoples and local communities and
the wider public.
6. Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation, research and environmentally sound technology.
7. Support information systems, infrastructures and data sharing.
The proposed strategic actions are enabled when the system-wide properties of governance (roots) are robust, equitable and
inclusive, responsive and focused on effective implementation. The numbers on the branches do not imply a ranking.
governance systems that enable integrated governance
(Figure SPM.7), while the importance of contextappropriate solutions is acknowledged (established but
incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.3}.
D26 One of the most effective ways to manage
biological invasions is to develop coherent policy
instruments that reinforce strategic actions across
sectors and scales (established but incomplete)
{6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.5.4}. Many policy instruments aimed at
preventing the introduction of invasive alien species have
been adopted, including multilateral agreements, national
laws, multi-level regulations and voluntary codes of conduct
(well established) {6.1.2, 6.3.1}. They have jointly
contributed to reducing the impacts of invasive alien species
on nature, nature's contributions to people, and good quality
of life (established but incomplete) {5.5.1, 6.1.3}. The work
under various relevant international organizations,
partnerships and multilateral environmental agreements
(e.g., the Convention on Biological Diversity, the World Trade
Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the
International Plant Protection Convention, the World
Organisation for Animal Health, the Convention on the
Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals and the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora) is not adequately aligned to address
the problem posed by invasive alien species (well
established) {6.3.1.3, 6.3.1.4}. Enhanced coordination and
collaboration across international and regional mechanisms
are key strategic actions for rapid and transformative
progress (established but incomplete) {6.7.2.1} and could
help international, national and local agencies that
implement policies for the environment, agriculture,
aquaculture, fishing, forestry, horticulture, border control,
tourism and trade (e.g., in wildlife, but also including online
trade in other animals, plants and other organisms),
community and regional development (including
infrastructure), transportation and health deliver a coherent
approach to biological invasions (well established) {6.3.1.1}.
Such coordination and collaboration efforts would consider
the trade-offs across sectors {6.3.1.1(2), 6.3.1.3},
stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples and local communities
{1.5.1}, and the interdependence between invasive alien
species and other drivers (established but incomplete)
{3.1.1, 3.1.5, 6.2.3.2, 6.7.2.2}. Collaborative, multisectoral
and transdisciplinary approaches (such as One Health)
provide frameworks to prevent and control invasive alien
species by strengthening the interconnections between the
human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors,
including biosecurity (e.g., as outlined in the One Biosecurity
framework among others) (established but incomplete)
{1.6.7.2, 6.3.1, 6.7.2.2}.
D27 National-scale strategies and action plans are
instrumental to successfully managing biological
invasions as part of a context-specific integrated
governance approach (well established) {6.2.3.2,
6.3.2.1, 6.7.2.3}. The national strategies and action plans
could be developed or updated to align with and implement
the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,
particularly Target 6, as well as other relevant international
guidelines for sustainable development, through aspirational,
ambitious and realistic approaches (well established) {6.1.2,
6.2.3.2, 6.3.2.1, 6.6.3, 6.7.2.3}. Coordinated efforts to
strengthen national regulatory instruments, including for the
regulation of online trade {6.3.1.4(3)}, are key to reducing
the transport and introduction of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {6.3.1.1, 6.7.2.1}. Voluntary | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Full-Page_0_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.135546875,0.1298828125,0.8609375,0.191015625] | systems (tree roots) that support the strategic actions (branches) to be achieved. Together, the properties and actions will bring
about the step change needed for effective and sustainable management of biological invasions. Integrated governance for biological
invasions reinforces the enabling conditions identified as necessary to fulfil the 2030 mission of the Kunming-Montreal Global
Biodiversity Framework. An integrated governance approach activates specific strategic actions that promote transformative change
to meet the goals of preventing and controlling biological invasions. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_0_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.1380859375,0.19580078125,0.276171875,0.20859375] | The strategic actions are: | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_1_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_0 | List-item | Text | [0.1375,0.2142578125,0.63359375,0.226953125] | 1. Enhance coordination and collaboration across international and regional mechanisms. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_0_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_1 | List-item | Text | [0.13828125,0.2326171875,0.60390625,0.2458984375] | 2. Develop and adopt effective and achievable national implementation strategies. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_1_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_2 | List-item | Text | [0.13828125,0.2513671875,0.598046875,0.2642578125] | 3. Share efforts, commitments and understanding of the specific roles of all actors. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_2_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_3 | List-item | Text | [0.1388671875,0.2701171875,0.307421875,0.2828125] | 4. Improve policy coherence. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_3_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_4 | List-item | Text | [0.137890625,0.288671875,0.86015625,0.3150390625] | 5. Engage broadly across governmental sectors, industry, the scientific community, Indigenous Peoples and local communities and
the wider public. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_4_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_5 | List-item | Text | [0.137890625,0.31875,0.711328125,0.333203125] | 6. Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation, research and environmentally sound technology. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_5_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
List-item_6 | List-item | Text | [0.1373046875,0.3373046875,0.50390625,0.350390625] | 7. Support information systems, infrastructures and data sharing. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | List-item_6_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.137109375,0.356640625,0.81875,0.3814453125] | The proposed strategic actions are enabled when the system-wide properties of governance (roots) are robust, equitable and
inclusive, responsive and focused on effective implementation. The numbers on the branches do not imply a ranking. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_2_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.11962890625,0.433203125,0.4640625,0.4890625] | governance systems that enable integrated governance
(Figure SPM.7), while the importance of contextappropriate solutions is acknowledged (established but
incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.3}. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_3_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.1181640625,0.5,0.49453125,0.915625] | D26 One of the most effective ways to manage
biological invasions is to develop coherent policy
instruments that reinforce strategic actions across
sectors and scales (established but incomplete)
{6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.5.4}. Many policy instruments aimed at
preventing the introduction of invasive alien species have
been adopted, including multilateral agreements, national
laws, multi-level regulations and voluntary codes of conduct
(well established) {6.1.2, 6.3.1}. They have jointly
contributed to reducing the impacts of invasive alien species
on nature, nature's contributions to people, and good quality
of life (established but incomplete) {5.5.1, 6.1.3}. The work
under various relevant international organizations,
partnerships and multilateral environmental agreements
(e.g., the Convention on Biological Diversity, the World Trade
Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the
International Plant Protection Convention, the World
Organisation for Animal Health, the Convention on the
Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals and the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora) is not adequately aligned to address
the problem posed by invasive alien species (well
established) {6.3.1.3, 6.3.1.4}. Enhanced coordination and
collaboration across international and regional mechanisms
are key strategic actions for rapid and transformative
progress (established but incomplete) {6.7.2.1} and could
help international, national and local agencies that
implement policies for the environment, agriculture,
aquaculture, fishing, forestry, horticulture, border control, | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_4_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.509765625,0.4328125,0.88671875,0.6890625] | tourism and trade (e.g., in wildlife, but also including online
trade in other animals, plants and other organisms),
community and regional development (including
infrastructure), transportation and health deliver a coherent
approach to biological invasions (well established) {6.3.1.1}.
Such coordination and collaboration efforts would consider
the trade-offs across sectors {6.3.1.1(2), 6.3.1.3},
stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples and local communities
{1.5.1}, and the interdependence between invasive alien
species and other drivers (established but incomplete)
{3.1.1, 3.1.5, 6.2.3.2, 6.7.2.2}. Collaborative, multisectoral
and transdisciplinary approaches (such as One Health)
provide frameworks to prevent and control invasive alien
species by strengthening the interconnections between the
human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors,
including biosecurity (e.g., as outlined in the One Biosecurity
framework among others) (established but incomplete)
{1.6.7.2, 6.3.1, 6.7.2.2}. | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_5_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_6 | Text | Text | [0.51015625,0.70078125,0.88359375,0.91640625] | D27 National-scale strategies and action plans are
instrumental to successfully managing biological
invasions as part of a context-specific integrated
governance approach (well established) {6.2.3.2,
6.3.2.1, 6.7.2.3}. The national strategies and action plans
could be developed or updated to align with and implement
the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,
particularly Target 6, as well as other relevant international
guidelines for sustainable development, through aspirational,
ambitious and realistic approaches (well established) {6.1.2,
6.2.3.2, 6.3.2.1, 6.6.3, 6.7.2.3}. Coordinated efforts to
strengthen national regulatory instruments, including for the
regulation of online trade {6.3.1.4(3)}, are key to reducing
the transport and introduction of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {6.3.1.1, 6.7.2.1}. Voluntary | raw_document.pdf | 40 | Text_6_40 | 39SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.1197265625,0.051171875,0.580859375,0.06064453125] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Page-header_0_41 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.051318359375,0.46796875,0.066259765625,0.60859375] | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Page-header_1_41 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
40SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
codes of conduct (Box SPM.1) have limitations but they
can be a valuable part of integrated systems to reduce the
risk of biological invasions, when in line with relevant
international obligations and national legislations (established
but incomplete) {6.3.1.4(4)}. Adequately designed and
implemented national biodiversity strategies and action
plans are instruments to help manage biological invasions
and mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {6.1.2, 6.3.3.1}. Implementation
of strategies could be accelerated by measuring and
monitoring resourcing of actions, implementation processes,
outputs and outcomes of policy management (established
but incomplete) {Table 6.5, Box 6.3, 6.6.3}, which could also
create a conducive policy environment for the utilization of
environmentally sound technologies (established but
incomplete) {6.3.3.4}.
D28 Long-term commitment and resourcing from
governments and institutions will support the
implementation of strategic actions to underpin the
integrated governance of biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.2, 6.5.1, 6.5.3,
6.5.7}. With adequate levels of sustained investment and
resources (Table SPM.2), including support to developing
countries {6.5.7}, specific options that address the gaps and
inconsistencies in current policy instruments and
coordination can be implemented over appropriate
timeframes (established but incomplete) {6.7.2.2, 6.7.2.3}.
Regulatory and market-based instruments such as tax relief
and subsidization can be used to incentivize action on and
investment in prevention and control of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {6.3.1, 6.5.1, 6.5.2}, especially
when responsibility for the burden of biological invasions,
including environmental liability, is shared (Figure SPM.7).
These instruments may be non-market mechanisms or
voluntary codes of conduct (Box SPM.1) {6.3.1.4},
transparent and conducive regulatory settings for new
technologies {6.3.3.4, 6.7.2.7}, information-sharing {6.6.2,
6.7.3}, product labelling {6.3.1.4} or direct regulatory
intervention {6.3.3.1, 6.3.3.3}. Regulations could be enforced
with economic penalties and tariffs (established but
incomplete) {6.5.1, 6.5.2}. However, taxation incentives,
international standards and cost-sharing mechanisms are
generally the preferable policy instruments for encouraging
entities to participate in prevention and control activities
(established but incomplete) {5.6.2.1, 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.4,
6.5.5, 6.5.6}. Efforts to overcome the asymmetries and
differences in resource capacity among stakeholders and the
potential unequal burden and responsibilities of addressing
the causes and impacts of invasive alien species can be
embedded in policies (established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3,
6.4.4.3}. Cost-benefit and "willingness to pay" analyses and
stakeholder consultation can support the development of
national policies to assist in justifying the use of public
resources and developing the most appropriate incentives
(established but incomplete) {5.2.2.1.i, 6.2.3.1(2), 6.2.3.4}.
D29 Public awareness and engagement contribute
to the effective management of biological
invasions (well established) {5.6.2.1, 6.2.2(9),
6.3.1.4, 6.4.1, 6.6.2.1, 6.7}. Public understanding of the
risks associated with invasive alien species is particularly
important for preventing new introductions (well
established) {6.2.2(9), 6.4.1}. Increased understanding of
possible biological invasions and the negative impacts of
invasive alien species can be achieved through public
awareness campaigns {Box 6.11, 6.7.2.5}, education
across all age groups {6.7.2.4} and citizen science
(established but incomplete) {5.4.2.2.a, 6.6.2.1}.
Engagement of the general public via citizen science
platforms, awareness campaigns and community-driven
eradication campaigns also contributes to establishing
shared responsibilities for managing biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {6.7.2.5}. Surveillance for
detecting invasive alien species through citizen science and
social media provides broader security by empowering and
engaging the public (established but incomplete) {5.4.2.1.a,
5.4.2.2.a, 6.6.2.1}. Communication is an effective tool for
inspiring collective action to monitor and control invasive
alien species {6.2.3.1(4), 6.2.3.4, 6.4.4.4} by supporting the
co-design of management actions, knowledge exchange
and enhanced partnerships among stakeholders and
researchers (established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3, 6.4.4.3}.
It can also enable alignment of resource managers'
responses with national plans and policy priorities (well
established) {6.3.1.3, 6.3.2.1}. An effective communications
strategy considers the most appropriate timing, media and
channels/interfaces for the target audience (established but
incomplete) {Box 6.13, 6.6.2.6}.
D30 Indigenous Peoples and local communities
have invaluable knowledge systems that could
contribute to addressing biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {Box 4.18, 5.5.3, 5.5.4,
6.4.3.2}, yet their lack of land tenure and access
rights can limit the extent to which they are able to
take action (well established) {3.2.5, 6.4.3.1}.
Indigenous Peoples and local communities can be partners
in co-developing policies and strategies to address
biological invasions while giving consideration to the
challenge of conflicting perceptions and values in order to
achieve consensus on management actions (established but
incomplete) {5.6.1.2, 6.2.3.3, 6.4.3.1}. Participation of
Indigenous Peoples and local communities can be
enhanced with sufficient legal, political and financial support
(well established) {6.4.3, Box 6.16}. Successful strategies
respect the knowledge, priorities and rights of Indigenous
Peoples and local communities, including customary
governance systems, in accordance with national legislation
(established but incomplete) {5.1.3, 5.2.1, 5.6.2, 6.4.3}. In
cases where the impact of invasive alien species on the
quality of life of Indigenous Peoples and local communities is
unavoidable, those communities need ongoing support and | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Full-Page_0_41 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.118359375,0.12099609375,0.49609375,0.34609375] | codes of conduct (Box SPM.1) have limitations but they
can be a valuable part of integrated systems to reduce the
risk of biological invasions, when in line with relevant
international obligations and national legislations (established
but incomplete) {6.3.1.4(4)}. Adequately designed and
implemented national biodiversity strategies and action
plans are instruments to help manage biological invasions
and mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {6.1.2, 6.3.3.1}. Implementation
of strategies could be accelerated by measuring and
monitoring resourcing of actions, implementation processes,
outputs and outcomes of policy management (established
but incomplete) {Table 6.5, Box 6.3, 6.6.3}, which could also
create a conducive policy environment for the utilization of
environmentally sound technologies (established but
incomplete) {6.3.3.4}. | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Text_0_41 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.11875,0.3640625,0.49375,0.9171875] | D28 Long-term commitment and resourcing from
governments and institutions will support the
implementation of strategic actions to underpin the
integrated governance of biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.2, 6.5.1, 6.5.3,
6.5.7}. With adequate levels of sustained investment and
resources (Table SPM.2), including support to developing
countries {6.5.7}, specific options that address the gaps and
inconsistencies in current policy instruments and
coordination can be implemented over appropriate
timeframes (established but incomplete) {6.7.2.2, 6.7.2.3}.
Regulatory and market-based instruments such as tax relief
and subsidization can be used to incentivize action on and
investment in prevention and control of invasive alien species
(established but incomplete) {6.3.1, 6.5.1, 6.5.2}, especially
when responsibility for the burden of biological invasions,
including environmental liability, is shared (Figure SPM.7).
These instruments may be non-market mechanisms or
voluntary codes of conduct (Box SPM.1) {6.3.1.4},
transparent and conducive regulatory settings for new
technologies {6.3.3.4, 6.7.2.7}, information-sharing {6.6.2,
6.7.3}, product labelling {6.3.1.4} or direct regulatory
intervention {6.3.3.1, 6.3.3.3}. Regulations could be enforced
with economic penalties and tariffs (established but
incomplete) {6.5.1, 6.5.2}. However, taxation incentives,
international standards and cost-sharing mechanisms are
generally the preferable policy instruments for encouraging
entities to participate in prevention and control activities
(established but incomplete) {5.6.2.1, 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.4,
6.5.5, 6.5.6}. Efforts to overcome the asymmetries and
differences in resource capacity among stakeholders and the
potential unequal burden and responsibilities of addressing
the causes and impacts of invasive alien species can be
embedded in policies (established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3,
6.4.4.3}. Cost-benefit and "willingness to pay" analyses and
stakeholder consultation can support the development of
national policies to assist in justifying the use of public
resources and developing the most appropriate incentives
(established but incomplete) {5.2.2.1.i, 6.2.3.1(2), 6.2.3.4}. | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Text_1_41 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.508984375,0.116796875,0.8890625,0.57421875] | D29 Public awareness and engagement contribute
to the effective management of biological
invasions (well established) {5.6.2.1, 6.2.2(9),
6.3.1.4, 6.4.1, 6.6.2.1, 6.7}. Public understanding of the
risks associated with invasive alien species is particularly
important for preventing new introductions (well
established) {6.2.2(9), 6.4.1}. Increased understanding of
possible biological invasions and the negative impacts of
invasive alien species can be achieved through public
awareness campaigns {Box 6.11, 6.7.2.5}, education
across all age groups {6.7.2.4} and citizen science
(established but incomplete) {5.4.2.2.a, 6.6.2.1}.
Engagement of the general public via citizen science
platforms, awareness campaigns and community-driven
eradication campaigns also contributes to establishing
shared responsibilities for managing biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {6.7.2.5}. Surveillance for
detecting invasive alien species through citizen science and
social media provides broader security by empowering and
engaging the public (established but incomplete) {5.4.2.1.a,
5.4.2.2.a, 6.6.2.1}. Communication is an effective tool for
inspiring collective action to monitor and control invasive
alien species {6.2.3.1(4), 6.2.3.4, 6.4.4.4} by supporting the
co-design of management actions, knowledge exchange
and enhanced partnerships among stakeholders and
researchers (established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3, 6.4.4.3}.
It can also enable alignment of resource managers'
responses with national plans and policy priorities (well
established) {6.3.1.3, 6.3.2.1}. An effective communications
strategy considers the most appropriate timing, media and
channels/interfaces for the target audience (established but
incomplete) {Box 6.13, 6.6.2.6}. | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Text_2_41 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.509375,0.5890625,0.88671875,0.915625] | D30 Indigenous Peoples and local communities
have invaluable knowledge systems that could
contribute to addressing biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {Box 4.18, 5.5.3, 5.5.4,
6.4.3.2}, yet their lack of land tenure and access
rights can limit the extent to which they are able to
take action (well established) {3.2.5, 6.4.3.1}.
Indigenous Peoples and local communities can be partners
in co-developing policies and strategies to address
biological invasions while giving consideration to the
challenge of conflicting perceptions and values in order to
achieve consensus on management actions (established but
incomplete) {5.6.1.2, 6.2.3.3, 6.4.3.1}. Participation of
Indigenous Peoples and local communities can be
enhanced with sufficient legal, political and financial support
(well established) {6.4.3, Box 6.16}. Successful strategies
respect the knowledge, priorities and rights of Indigenous
Peoples and local communities, including customary
governance systems, in accordance with national legislation
(established but incomplete) {5.1.3, 5.2.1, 5.6.2, 6.4.3}. In
cases where the impact of invasive alien species on the
quality of life of Indigenous Peoples and local communities is
unavoidable, those communities need ongoing support and | raw_document.pdf | 41 | Text_3_41 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.49375,0.0492919921875,0.86875,0.059912109375] | ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Page-header_0_42 | ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.93359375,0.441015625,0.95234375,0.60703125] | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Page-header_1_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
adequate resources to respond to the challenges of living
with invasive alien species (established but incomplete)
{1.6.7.2, 6.2.3.2, 6.2.3.5}.
D31 Open and interoperable information systems,
supported by international cooperation, play a
critical role in tackling biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.1(3), 6.6.2.2,
6.7.2.6}. Strengthening existing open information systems
can facilitate the management of biological invasions,
including prioritization of actions, early detection and rapid
response, and can improve the effectiveness of regulations
(established but incomplete) {5.4.1, 6.6.2.3}. Open
information systems can substantially reduce the costs of
management by ensuring targeted and appropriate
responses, avoiding duplication of efforts and facilitating the
evaluation of the effectiveness of policy instruments using
indicators (Table SPM.2) (well established) {6.6.2.4,
6.6.2.6, 6.6.3}. The "rate of invasive alien species
establishment" headline indicator adopted for monitoring
progress towards Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global
Biodiversity Framework provides opportunities to build on
existing indicators of biological invasions (Table SPM.A1)
{6.6.3}. Collaboration and networking among stakeholders
and governments can ensure equitable knowledge access
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3, 6.2.3.4} and improve
understanding of the context-specific features of biological
invasions. It can also improve the availability of data and
Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales.
Indication of the duration of investment needed to implement different options. The contribution of each of these options, together
forming integrated governance, are given in Figure SPM.7. This table presents concrete options for action.
Governance
purpose
Options Duration of
investment needed
Coordination and
resourcing
Enhance multilateral coordination and collaboration to support the integrated
governance of biological invasions
Engage broadly across affected and responsible parties
Build capacity to enable strategic actions
Policy Share efforts, commitments and understanding of the specific roles of all
Strengthen compatibility of relevant regulatory instruments
Use national strategy and planning for invasive alien species to achieve policy
implementation
Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation, research and
environmentally sound technology
Support information systems, infrastructures and open and equitable access to
information on invasive alien species
Research,
information,
and technology
Invest in information systems for invasive alien species for information-sharing
within and across countries
Maintain up-to-date information on necessary and enabling indicators
Monitor policy and management effectiveness and resourcing levels
Develop new solutions through research and technology
Short Periodic Ongoing | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Full-Page_0_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | e SPM 7 Integrated governance of biological invasions. |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.1376953125,0.1302734375,0.825,0.15859375] | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Section-header_0_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.134765625,0.16533203125,0.84453125,0.188671875] | Indication of the duration of investment needed to implement different options. The contribution of each of these options, together
forming integrated governance, are given in Figure SPM.7. This table presents concrete options for action. | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Text_0_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Table_0 | Table | Table | [0.123046875,0.2044921875,0.88828125,0.68125] | Governance
purpose
Options Duration of
investment needed
Coordination and
resourcing
Enhance multilateral coordination and collaboration to support the integrated
governance of biological invasions
Engage broadly across affected and responsible parties
Build capacity to enable strategic actions
Policy Share efforts, commitments and understanding of the specific roles of all
Strengthen compatibility of relevant regulatory instruments
Use national strategy and planning for invasive alien species to achieve policy
implementation
Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation, research and
environmentally sound technology
Support information systems, infrastructures and open and equitable access to
information on invasive alien species
Research,
information,
and technology
Invest in information systems for invasive alien species for information-sharing
within and across countries
Maintain up-to-date information on necessary and enabling indicators
Monitor policy and management effectiveness and resourcing levels
Develop new solutions through research and technology
Short Periodic Ongoing | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Table_0_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.11953125,0.71875,0.473828125,0.759765625] | adequate resources to respond to the challenges of living
with invasive alien species (established but incomplete)
{1.6.7.2, 6.2.3.2, 6.2.3.5}. | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Text_1_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.1185546875,0.76953125,0.484375,0.915625] | D31 Open and interoperable information systems,
supported by international cooperation, play a
critical role in tackling biological invasions
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.1(3), 6.6.2.2,
6.7.2.6}. Strengthening existing open information systems
can facilitate the management of biological invasions,
including prioritization of actions, early detection and rapid
response, and can improve the effectiveness of regulations
(established but incomplete) {5.4.1, 6.6.2.3}. Open
information systems can substantially reduce the costs of | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Text_2_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.508984375,0.718359375,0.88125,0.915625] | management by ensuring targeted and appropriate
responses, avoiding duplication of efforts and facilitating the
evaluation of the effectiveness of policy instruments using
indicators (Table SPM.2) (well established) {6.6.2.4,
6.6.2.6, 6.6.3}. The "rate of invasive alien species
establishment" headline indicator adopted for monitoring
progress towards Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global
Biodiversity Framework provides opportunities to build on
existing indicators of biological invasions (Table SPM.A1)
{6.6.3}. Collaboration and networking among stakeholders
and governments can ensure equitable knowledge access
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3, 6.2.3.4} and improve
understanding of the context-specific features of biological
invasions. It can also improve the availability of data and | raw_document.pdf | 42 | Text_3_42 | 41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.1197265625,0.05107421875,0.56875,0.060595703125] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Page-header_0_43 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.05146484375,0.462109375,0.066162109375,0.60859375] | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Page-header_1_43 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
42SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
knowledge across geographic regions, habitats and
taxonomic groups and reduce the wide variation in response
capability (established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3, 6.4.1,
6.7.2.6}. Through citizen science, information systems have
the potential to engage people, raise awareness and
increase the availability of data (established but
incomplete) {6.6.2.1}.
D32 Existing evidence of the magnitude and extent
of the impacts of invasive alien species supports
immediate, strategic and sustained action to
successfully address biological invasions (well
established) {1.1, 2.2, 3.6.3, 4.3.1, 4.4.1, 4.5.1,
5.6.2.5, 6.7.2}. The available data and knowledge
reviewed for this assessment vary across regions, units of
analyses, taxonomic groups and time because of language
barriers, lack of targeted policies and legislation, lack of
resources, uneven research capacity, data accessibility and
other factors (Table SPM.A1), contributing to gaps in data
and knowledge (well established) {2.7, 3.6.1, Box 3.12, Box
3.13, 4.7.2, 6.6, Table 6.10}. Nonetheless, filling knowledge
and data gaps, particularly at local scales, can bring about
important improvements in the cost-effectiveness and
success of prevention and management actions (well
established) {6.6.1, 6.6.2}. For example, it would be
particularly beneficial to increase the availability of
information on invasive alien invertebrates and
microorganisms; improve knowledge of the impacts of
invasive alien species in parts of Africa, Central Asia and
Latin America; gain a better understanding of the role of
indirect and interacting drivers; develop management
options for invasive microorganisms and marine species;
and establish the effectiveness of different policy instruments
(established but incomplete) (see Table SPM.A1 for a
comprehensive presentation of knowledge gaps). Enhancing
research capacity in some regions and collaboration
between biological invasion experts in the developed and
developing world and across knowledge systems could
improve data and information availability as well as
understanding of the context-specific features of invasive
alien species and their impacts (established but incomplete)
{6.2.4, 6.6.1.1(3)}. With political will, strategic long-term
commitment and sufficient resources, management of
biological invasions is an attainable goal (well established)
{Boxes 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.11, 5.12, 5.14,
5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.19, 5.21, 6.7.3}.
D33 Successfully addressing biological invasions
can also strengthen the effectiveness of policies
designed to respond to other drivers (established
but incomplete) {5.6.1.3, 6.3, 6.7.2.2}. Mitigating the
risks of invasive alien species will contribute to the effective
delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
including the Sustainable Development Goals, especially
those addressing the conservation of marine (Goal 14) and
terrestrial biodiversity (Goal 15 including, but not restricted
to, Target 15.8), food security (Goal 2), sustainable
economic growth (Goal 8), sustainable cities (Goal 11),
climate change (Goal 13), and good health and well-being
(Goal 3) (established but incomplete) {6.7}. An integrated
governance approach that acknowledges the interactions
between invasive alien species and other drivers, including
climate change, direct exploitation of natural resources,
pollution and land- and sea-use, alongside human, animal
and plant health, can identify where to best direct policy
alignment and mutually supportive efforts (established but
incomplete) {3.1.5, 6.2.4, 6.7.2.1, 6.7.2.2, 6.7.2.5}.
Evidence-based policy planning can reflect the
interconnectedness of the drivers so that efforts to solve one
problem do not exacerbate the magnitude of others and
may even have multiple benefits (established but
incomplete) {3.2.5, Box 3.9, 5.6.1.3, 6.2.4, 6.3.1.1(1),
6.7.2.2}. | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Full-Page_0_43 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.119140625,0.1212890625,0.4921875,0.2185546875] | knowledge across geographic regions, habitats and
taxonomic groups and reduce the wide variation in response
capability (established but incomplete) {6.2.3.3, 6.4.1,
6.7.2.6}. Through citizen science, information systems have
the potential to engage people, raise awareness and
increase the availability of data (established but
incomplete) {6.6.2.1}. | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Text_0_43 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.11884765625,0.231640625,0.4953125,0.645703125] | D32 Existing evidence of the magnitude and extent
of the impacts of invasive alien species supports
immediate, strategic and sustained action to
successfully address biological invasions (well
established) {1.1, 2.2, 3.6.3, 4.3.1, 4.4.1, 4.5.1,
5.6.2.5, 6.7.2}. The available data and knowledge
reviewed for this assessment vary across regions, units of
analyses, taxonomic groups and time because of language
barriers, lack of targeted policies and legislation, lack of
resources, uneven research capacity, data accessibility and
other factors (Table SPM.A1), contributing to gaps in data
and knowledge (well established) {2.7, 3.6.1, Box 3.12, Box
3.13, 4.7.2, 6.6, Table 6.10}. Nonetheless, filling knowledge
and data gaps, particularly at local scales, can bring about
important improvements in the cost-effectiveness and
success of prevention and management actions (well
established) {6.6.1, 6.6.2}. For example, it would be
particularly beneficial to increase the availability of
information on invasive alien invertebrates and
microorganisms; improve knowledge of the impacts of
invasive alien species in parts of Africa, Central Asia and
Latin America; gain a better understanding of the role of
indirect and interacting drivers; develop management
options for invasive microorganisms and marine species;
and establish the effectiveness of different policy instruments
(established but incomplete) (see Table SPM.A1 for a
comprehensive presentation of knowledge gaps). Enhancing
research capacity in some regions and collaboration
between biological invasion experts in the developed and | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Text_1_43 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.508984375,0.12099609375,0.87890625,0.2466796875] | developing world and across knowledge systems could
improve data and information availability as well as
understanding of the context-specific features of invasive
alien species and their impacts (established but incomplete)
{6.2.4, 6.6.1.1(3)}. With political will, strategic long-term
commitment and sufficient resources, management of
biological invasions is an attainable goal (well established)
{Boxes 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.11, 5.12, 5.14,
5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.19, 5.21, 6.7.3}. | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Text_2_43 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.509375,0.259375,0.8859375,0.63125] | D33 Successfully addressing biological invasions
can also strengthen the effectiveness of policies
designed to respond to other drivers (established
but incomplete) {5.6.1.3, 6.3, 6.7.2.2}. Mitigating the
risks of invasive alien species will contribute to the effective
delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
including the Sustainable Development Goals, especially
those addressing the conservation of marine (Goal 14) and
terrestrial biodiversity (Goal 15 including, but not restricted
to, Target 15.8), food security (Goal 2), sustainable
economic growth (Goal 8), sustainable cities (Goal 11),
climate change (Goal 13), and good health and well-being
(Goal 3) (established but incomplete) {6.7}. An integrated
governance approach that acknowledges the interactions
between invasive alien species and other drivers, including
climate change, direct exploitation of natural resources,
pollution and land- and sea-use, alongside human, animal
and plant health, can identify where to best direct policy
alignment and mutually supportive efforts (established but
incomplete) {3.1.5, 6.2.4, 6.7.2.1, 6.7.2.2, 6.7.2.5}.
Evidence-based policy planning can reflect the
interconnectedness of the drivers so that efforts to solve one
problem do not exacerbate the magnitude of others and
may even have multiple benefits (established but
incomplete) {3.2.5, Box 3.9, 5.6.1.3, 6.2.4, 6.3.1.1(1),
6.7.2.2}. | raw_document.pdf | 43 | Text_3_43 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 44 | Full-Page_0_44 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.41953125,0.0501953125,0.85625,0.06015625] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT | raw_document.pdf | 44 | Text_0_44 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.934375,0.440625,0.953125,0.608203125] | 43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 44 | Page-header_0_44 | 43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [-0.00078125,-0.0015625,1.0,1.0] | raw_document.pdf | 45 | Picture_0_45 | 43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
|
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
44SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 45 | Full-Page_0_45 | 43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
45SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
APPENDICES | raw_document.pdf | 46 | Full-Page_0_46 | 43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [-0.00078125,0.4078125,0.9484375,1.00390625] | raw_document.pdf | 46 | Picture_0_46 | 43SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
|
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.1197265625,0.050146484375,0.56875,0.060546875] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Page-header_0_47 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.051806640625,0.45546875,0.065673828125,0.609375] | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Page-header_1_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
46SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
APPENDIX 1
Communication of the degree
of confidence
Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence.
Confidence increases towards the top-right corner, as suggested by the increasing strength of shading. Source: IPBES (2016).12
Further details of the approach are documented in the IPBES Guide on the Production of Assessments.
13
Established
but incomplete
Inconclusive
Well established
LEVEL OF AGREEMENT
Unresolved
CERTAINTY SCALE
QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF EVIDENCE
Low Robust Low
High High
In the methodological assessment regarding the diverse
conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its
benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions and
services, the degree of confidence in each main finding is
based on the quantity and quality of evidence and the level
of agreement regarding that evidence (Figure SPM.A1).
12. IPBES (2016): Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on
Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production of the Intergovernmental
Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Potts,
S.G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., Ngo, H. T., Biesmeijer, J. C., Breeze, T. D.,
Dicks, L. V., Garibaldi, L. A., Hill, R., Settele, J., Vanbergen, A. J., Aizen, M.
A., Cunningham, S. A., Eardley, C., Freitas, B. M., Gallai, N., Kevan, P. G.,
Kovacs-Hostyanszki, A., Kwapong, P. K., Li, J., Li, X., Martins, D.J., NatesParra, G., Pettis, J.S., Rader, R. and Viana, B.F. (eds.). IPBES secretariat,
Bonn, Germany. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2616458.
13. IPBES (2018): IPBES Guide on the Production of Assessments. Secretariat
of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany. Available at: https://ipbes.net/guideproduction-assessments.
The evidence includes data, theory, models and expert
judgement.
Well established: there is a comprehensive metaanalysis or other synthesis or multiple independent
studies that agree.
Established but incomplete: there is general
agreement, although only a limited number of studies
exist; there is no comprehensive synthesis, and/or the
studies that exist address the question imprecisely.
Unresolved: multiple independent studies exist but
their conclusions do not agree.
Inconclusive: there is limited evidence and a
recognition of major knowledge gaps. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Full-Page_0_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national,
regional and global scales. |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.11796875,0.11337890625,0.76171875,0.2203125] | APPENDIX 1
Communication of the degree
of confidence | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Section-header_0_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | APPENDIX 1
Communication of the degree
of confidence |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [0.1265625,0.248046875,0.859375,0.4984375] |
<Caption> QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF EVIDENCE </Caption>
| raw_document.pdf | 47 | Picture_0_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | APPENDIX 1
Communication of the degree
of confidence |
Caption_0 | Caption | Text | [0.2265625,0.506640625,0.466796875,0.52109375] | QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF EVIDENCE | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Caption_0_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | APPENDIX 1
Communication of the degree
of confidence |
Section-header_1 | Section-header | Text | [0.1369140625,0.533984375,0.78046875,0.551171875] | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Section-header_1_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.1345703125,0.555859375,0.8296875,0.58046875] | Confidence increases towards the top-right corner, as suggested by the increasing strength of shading. Source: IPBES (2016).12
Further details of the approach are documented in the IPBES Guide on the Production of Assessments.
13 | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Text_0_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.1189453125,0.64609375,0.491015625,0.731640625] | In the methodological assessment regarding the diverse
conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its
benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions and
services, the degree of confidence in each main finding is
based on the quantity and quality of evidence and the level
of agreement regarding that evidence (Figure SPM.A1). | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Text_1_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
List-item_0 | List-item | Text | [0.1193359375,0.78984375,0.491015625,0.91640625] | 12. IPBES (2016): Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on
Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production of the Intergovernmental
Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Potts,
S.G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., Ngo, H. T., Biesmeijer, J. C., Breeze, T. D.,
Dicks, L. V., Garibaldi, L. A., Hill, R., Settele, J., Vanbergen, A. J., Aizen, M.
A., Cunningham, S. A., Eardley, C., Freitas, B. M., Gallai, N., Kevan, P. G.,
Kovacs-Hostyanszki, A., Kwapong, P. K., Li, J., Li, X., Martins, D.J., NatesParra, G., Pettis, J.S., Rader, R. and Viana, B.F. (eds.). IPBES secretariat,
Bonn, Germany. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2616458.
13. IPBES (2018): IPBES Guide on the Production of Assessments. Secretariat
of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany. Available at: https://ipbes.net/guideproduction-assessments. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | List-item_0_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.509765625,0.646875,0.8515625,0.67421875] | The evidence includes data, theory, models and expert
judgement. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | Text_2_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
List-item_1 | List-item | Text | [0.5109375,0.688671875,0.86015625,0.731640625] | Well established: there is a comprehensive metaanalysis or other synthesis or multiple independent
studies that agree. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | List-item_1_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
List-item_2 | List-item | Text | [0.51171875,0.745703125,0.87109375,0.80234375] | Established but incomplete: there is general
agreement, although only a limited number of studies
exist; there is no comprehensive synthesis, and/or the
studies that exist address the question imprecisely. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | List-item_2_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
List-item_3 | List-item | Text | [0.51015625,0.81640625,0.8625,0.84609375] | Unresolved: multiple independent studies exist but
their conclusions do not agree. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | List-item_3_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
List-item_4 | List-item | Text | [0.51015625,0.859375,0.8265625,0.88828125] | Inconclusive: there is limited evidence and a
recognition of major knowledge gaps. | raw_document.pdf | 47 | List-item_4_47 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
47SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
APPENDIX 2
Synthesis of knowledge
and data gaps
CATEGORY GAP IMPLEMENTATION
CHALLENGE
POTENTIAL GAIN
Estimated research costEstimated scientific challengeFor taking management actionFor better understanding biological invasions
Gaps in
biomes, units
of analysis and
species groups
Incomplete or lack of inventories of invasive alien species in marine,
tropical and Arctic ecosystems {2.5.2.1, 2.5.2.4, 2.5.2.5, 2.5.4}
Incomplete or lack of inventories of invasive alien microorganisms
and invertebrates {2.3.1.11, 2.3.3.3}
Lack of understanding of the drivers of change that facilitate
biological invasion for some animal groups (notably invertebrates),
fungi and microbes {3.6.1}
Lack of understanding and synthesis of the impacts of invasive
alien microbes {4.7.2}
Poor understanding of drivers of change that facilitate biological
invasions in aquatic and marine systems {3.6.1}
Lack of data on successful restoration attempts in terrestrial and
marine systems {5.5.6, 5.6.2.1}
Regional gaps
in data and
knowledge
Comparatively incomplete inventories of invasive alien species in
Africa and Central Asia {2.4.2.5, 2.4.5.5}
Comparative lack of understanding of the drivers of change that
facilitate biological invasions in developing economies {Box 3.12}
Lack of data and knowledge of the drivers of biological invasions in
sub-Saharan Africa, tropical Asia and South America {3.6.1}
Incomplete data on the impacts of invasive alien species across
Africa and Central Asia {4.7.2}
Interoperable
data for
monitoring
invasive alien
species and
effects of drivers
of biodiversity
change
Lack of standardization of terminology for invasive alien species
monitoring {2.4.4.5, 6.6.2.3, 6.6.2.7}
Lack of information on the role of indirect drivers, especially
governance and sociocultural drivers, in affecting biological
invasions {3.1.5, 3.6.1, Box 3.13}
Lack of understanding of the net effects of multiple interacting
drivers in shaping and promoting biological invasions {3.5, Box
3.10, 3.6.1, Box 3.13}
Lack of knowledge on interactions and feedback across drivers in
promoting invasions {3.1.5, 3.6.1}
Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps
Synthesis of the most important knowledge and data gaps identified and collated through the assessment. Confidence levels in the
summary for policymakers were allocated with full consideration of the gaps listed in the table; closing those gaps would strengthen
the understanding of biological invasions. Experts have assessed the estimated cost and scientific challenge of closing these gaps, as
well as the potential gain in increasing understanding of and successfully tackling biological invasions globally (from very low to very
high). The listed gaps may not be relevant at local or regional scales. | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Full-Page_0_48 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.41953125,0.05029296875,0.88046875,0.060009765625] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Page-header_0_48 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Figure SPM A 1 The four-box model for the qualitative communication of confidence. |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.11796875,0.1123046875,0.631640625,0.2220703125] | APPENDIX 2
Synthesis of knowledge
and data gaps | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Section-header_0_48 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | APPENDIX 2
Synthesis of knowledge
and data gaps |
Section-header_1 | Section-header | Text | [0.138671875,0.255078125,0.530859375,0.2705078125] | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Section-header_1_48 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.1345703125,0.275390625,0.8734375,0.335546875] | Synthesis of the most important knowledge and data gaps identified and collated through the assessment. Confidence levels in the
summary for policymakers were allocated with full consideration of the gaps listed in the table; closing those gaps would strengthen
the understanding of biological invasions. Experts have assessed the estimated cost and scientific challenge of closing these gaps, as
well as the potential gain in increasing understanding of and successfully tackling biological invasions globally (from very low to very
high). The listed gaps may not be relevant at local or regional scales.
<Section-header> Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 48 | Text_0_48 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [0.123828125,0.34921875,0.8890625,0.92421875] | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Picture_0_48 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |
|
Table_0 | Table | Table | [0.119921875,0.3681640625,0.890625,0.91796875] | CHALLENGE
Estimated research costEstimated scientific challengeFor taking management actionFor better understanding biological invasions
Gaps in
biomes, units
of analysis and
species groups
Incomplete or lack of inventories of invasive alien species in marine,
tropical and Arctic ecosystems {2.5.2.1, 2.5.2.4, 2.5.2.5, 2.5.4}
Incomplete or lack of inventories of invasive alien microorganisms
and invertebrates {2.3.1.11, 2.3.3.3}
Lack of understanding of the drivers of change that facilitate
biological invasion for some animal groups (notably invertebrates),
fungi and microbes {3.6.1}
Lack of understanding and synthesis of the impacts of invasive
alien microbes {4.7.2}
Poor understanding of drivers of change that facilitate biological
invasions in aquatic and marine systems {3.6.1}
Lack of data on successful restoration attempts in terrestrial and
marine systems {5.5.6, 5.6.2.1}
Regional gaps
in data and
knowledge
Comparatively incomplete inventories of invasive alien species in
Africa and Central Asia {2.4.2.5, 2.4.5.5}
Comparative lack of understanding of the drivers of change that
facilitate biological invasions in developing economies {Box 3.12}
Lack of data and knowledge of the drivers of biological invasions in
sub-Saharan Africa, tropical Asia and South America {3.6.1}
Incomplete data on the impacts of invasive alien species across
Africa and Central Asia {4.7.2}
Interoperable
data for
monitoring
invasive alien
species and
effects of drivers
of biodiversity
change
Lack of standardization of terminology for invasive alien species
monitoring {2.4.4.5, 6.6.2.3, 6.6.2.7}
Lack of information on the role of indirect drivers, especially
governance and sociocultural drivers, in affecting biological
invasions {3.1.5, 3.6.1, Box 3.13}
Lack of understanding of the net effects of multiple interacting
drivers in shaping and promoting biological invasions {3.5, Box
3.10, 3.6.1, Box 3.13}
Lack of knowledge on interactions and feedback across drivers in
promoting invasions {3.1.5, 3.6.1} | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Table_0_48 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.93359375,0.44453125,0.95234375,0.60703125] | 47SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 48 | Page-header_1_48 | 47SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
48SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
CATEGORY GAP IMPLEMENTATION
CHALLENGE
POTENTIAL GAIN
Estimated research costEstimated scientific challengeFor taking management actionFor better understanding biological invasions
Interoperable
data for
monitoring
invasive alien
species and
effects of drivers
of biodiversity
change
Lack of integration of impact data and knowledge sources across
languages {4.7.2}
Incomplete data to undertake risk management, cost-effective
species-based surveillance and detection of fungi, microbes and
marine pests {Table 5.11}
Incomplete data to prioritize biological invasion management under
climate, sea- and land-use change {5.6.1.3}
Lack of inventories at fine scales and for specific taxon and biome
contexts to support decision-makers in determining when to
implement species-based or site-based management (or both)
{5.6.2.1, 5.7}
Incomplete data to develop pathway risk assessments and
management for different taxonomic groups and biomes {Table
5.11, 5.6.2.5}
Incomplete data and understanding of site-based and ecosystembased management concepts {5.6.2.1}
Incomplete data and understanding of the conditions that facilitate
successful integration of policy developments into management
plans {6.6.1.4}
Lack of indicators of the various dimensions of biological invasion
that are policy-relevant, sensitive, reliable, relevant at national
and global scales, sustained for medium-to-long-term tracking of
progress and part of a responsive policy environment {6.6.3}
Gaps in how
invasive alien
species affect
nature's
contributions to
people
Incomplete data on impacts on nature's contributions to people
and good quality of life {4.7.2}
Management
and policy
approaches
Lack of control options for marine invasive alien species and
invasive alien microbial fungal pathogens of plants and animals
{5.6.1.1}
Lack of agreed-upon methods of supporting management decisionmaking for invasive alien species with both positive and negative
impacts {5.6.1.2}
Lack of methods of managing pathways for invasive alien
species arriving as contaminants, or through shipping containers,
e-commerce (legal/illegal), biofouling or ports, and across land
borders and along trade supply chains {Table 5.11, 5.6.2.4}
Lack of methods for adaptive management of invasive alien
invertebrates and plants using alternative approaches given the
declining number of chemical control options {5.6.2.5}
Lack of eradication guidelines and strategies for generalist invasive
alien invertebrates, diseases and hard-to-detect freshwater and
marine invasive alien species {5.6.2.1, Table 5.11}
Lack of scenarios and models of invasive alien species that consider
interactions with other drivers of global change {2.6.5, 6.6.1.6}
Missing information on the implementation of adaptive-collaborative
governance for biological invasions and factors important to the
success of that governance strategy {6.4.4.5}
Incomplete data on the effectiveness of policies, management
strategies and actions related to biological invasions {6.1.3, 6.6.3} | raw_document.pdf | 49 | Full-Page_0_49 | 47SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.13154296875,0.0505859375,0.505859375,0.06015625] | HE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND TH | raw_document.pdf | 49 | Page-header_0_49 | HE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND TH | 19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND | Table SPM A 1 Table of knowledge and data gaps |