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Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.1185546875,0.3564453125,0.48125,0.3748046875] |
<Section-header> STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_1_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.432421875,0.3751953125,0.480078125,0.3869140625] | page 6page 6
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_2_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS |
Section-header_3 | Section-header | Text | [0.2517578125,0.3904296875,0.48046875,0.404296875] | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Section-header_3_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.2517578125,0.390625,0.48046875,0.40390625] | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
<Section-header> ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_3_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.1162109375,0.41328125,0.48125,0.435546875] | page 8
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_4_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.13427734375,0.440234375,0.4796875,0.470703125] | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS AND THE
CONTEXT OF THE ASSESSMENT | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_5_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
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INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|
Section-header_4 | Section-header | Text | [0.163671875,0.48984375,0.4796875,0.5046875] | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Section-header_4_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Text_7 | Text | Text | [0.1646484375,0.490234375,0.48046875,0.5046875] | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS
<Section-header> SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_7_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Text_8 | Text | Text | [0.424609375,0.512109375,0.48046875,0.523046875] | page 12page 12
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_8_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Text_9 | Text | Text | [0.3880859375,0.5265625,0.480078125,0.5390625] | Key messages | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_9_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Text_10 | Text | Text | [0.3345703125,0.5453125,0.479296875,0.5578125] | Background messages: | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_10_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Text_11 | Text | Text | [0.424609375,0.562109375,0.480078125,0.573046875] | page 20jexele (40)
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_11_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Text_12 | Text | Text | [0.14228515625,0.576953125,0.479296875,0.6015625] | A. Invasive alien species are a major threat to nature,
nature's contributions to people, and good quality of life | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_12_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS |
Section-header_5 | Section-header | Text | [0.425,0.607421875,0.47890625,0.620703125] | page 26page 26
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Section-header_5_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 26page 26
|
Text_13 | Text | Text | [0.151953125,0.6234375,0.4796875,0.659765625] | B. Globally, invasive alien species and their impact are
increasing rapidly and predicted to continue rising
in the future
<Section-header> page 26page 26
</Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_13_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 26page 26
|
Section-header_6 | Section-header | Text | [0.426171875,0.66640625,0.477734375,0.679296875] | page 31exle[ Ren]
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Section-header_6_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 31exle[ Ren]
|
Text_14 | Text | Text | [0.13037109375,0.681640625,0.4796875,0.70625] | C. Invasive alien species and their negative impact can be
prevented and mitigated through effective management
<Section-header> page 31exle[ Ren]
</Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_14_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 31exle[ Ren]
|
Section-header_7 | Section-header | Text | [0.424609375,0.713671875,0.4796875,0.72578125] | page 37jexcle (Rey a
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Section-header_7_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 37jexcle (Rey a
|
Text_15 | Text | Text | [0.11865234375,0.728125,0.480078125,0.753515625] | D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasion can be
achieved with integrated governance
<Section-header> page 37jexcle (Rey a
</Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_15_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 37jexcle (Rey a
|
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INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 37jexcle (Rey a
|
|
Section-header_8 | Section-header | Text | [0.3515625,0.771875,0.48046875,0.80234375] | page 46
APPENDICES | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Section-header_8_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Text_17 | Text | Text | [0.1373046875,0.8046875,0.47890625,0.8171875] | Appendix 1: Communication of the degree of confidence | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_17_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Text_18 | Text | Text | [0.1646484375,0.8203125,0.47890625,0.83125] | Appendix 2: Synthesis of knowledge and data gaps | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_18_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Text_19 | Text | Text | [0.14609375,0.8359375,0.480078125,0.846875] | Appendix 3: Examples of data and knowledge products | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_19_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Text_20 | Text | Text | [0.1171875,0.85703125,0.480859375,0.86328125] | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_20_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
|
Text_21 | Text | Text | [0.713671875,0.1912109375,0.9296875,0.275] | We are indebted to the hundreds
of experts, policymakers, and
practitioners, including members
of Indigenous Peoples and local
communities, who generously
contributed their time and | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_21_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Text_22 | Text | Text | [0.56796875,0.2767578125,0.940625,0.44609375] | knowledge as authors, fellows, review editors (all of them
listed below) and contributing authors of the Assessment
of Invasive Alien Species and their Control, as well as
to the management committee who provided oversight
and guidance to its development. The Assessment team
has contributed thousands of hours of collaborative and
voluntary work to provide the best available knowledge
on invasive alien species and their control. We have all
encountered various challenges, not least the COVID-19
pandemic, throughout the assessment, but the dedication,
determination and commitment of everyone involved has
been outstanding. | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_22_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Text_23 | Text | Text | [0.567578125,0.46171875,0.95,0.921875] | Throughout our time working on the Assessment we have
benefited enormously from the invaluable advice, dedication,
and constructive contributions from the IPBES secretariat,
particularly from the Executive Secretary, Anne Larigauderie,
and from Simone Schiele, Bonnie Myers and Hien Ngo, the
IPBES Chair, Ana Maria Hernandez Salgar, representatives
of member States, and the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel
(MEP) and Bureau, especially members of the management
committee, Eric Fokam, Shizuka Hashimoto, Rizwan Irshad,
Ruslan Novitsky, Rashad Allahverdiyev, Vinod Bihari Mathur,
and Youngbae Suh. We have been honored to work with
such talented people. The Invasive Alien Species Assessment
would not have been possible without the phenomenal
contributions and excellent guidance of our technical support
unit, headed by Naoki Amako and Noriko Moriwake and
supported by Ryoko Kawakami and Tanara Renard Truong
during the four years of its production. These colleagues
went far beyond expectations, ensuring sustained quality
while being thoughtful of and responsive to the needs of the
assessment process and our many authors. Further, Tanara
is listed as an author on both Chapter 1 and the summary
for policymakers, recognizing her incredible contributions to
the knowledge and information gathered. We are extremely
appreciative of her insights and leadership. We also thank
Tom August, Kate Randall and Maro Haas for their skillful and
experienced work on data visualization and graphic design.
We hugely appreciated the many contributions from Peter
Bates who also facilitated collaboration with Indigenous
Peoples and local communities. We thank the IPBES
communications team for their outstanding work providing
expert guidance, training and support through every stage of
the Assessment, to ensure the widest outreach of the main | raw_document.pdf | 7 | Text_23_7 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
WE ARE GRATEFUL TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE IPBES ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND
THEIR CONTROL:
The coordinating lead authors, lead authors and fellows:
Sven Bacher, Bella S. Galil, Philip E. Hulme, Tohru Ikeda, Sankaran Kavileveettil, Melodie A. McGeoch, Laura A. Meyerson, Martin A. Nunez, Alejandro
Ordonez, Sebataolo J. Rahlao, Evangelina Schwindt, Hanno Seebens, Andy W. Sheppard,Vigdis Vandvik, Alla Aleksanyan, Michael Ansong, Ryan
Blanchard, Ernesto Brugnoli, John K. Bukombe, Bridget Bwalya, Chaeho Byun, Morelia Camacho-Cervantes, Phillip Cassey, Franck Courchamp, Katharina
Dehnen-Schmutz, Rafael Dudeque Zenni, Chika Egawa, Georgi Fayvush, Miguel Fernandez, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft, Ana Isabel Gonzalez Martinez, Quentin J.
Groom, Ileana Herrera, Ankila J. Hiremath, Patricia L. Howard, Makihiko Ikegami, Emre Keskin, Asuka Koyama, Stanislav Ksenofontov, Angeliki F. Martinou,
Shana M. McDermott, Carolina L. Morales, Jana Mullerova, Linus K. Munishi, Henn Ojaveer, P. K. T. Nirmalie Pallewatta, Lora Peacock, Jan Pergl, Cristina
Preda, Petr Pysek, Anthony Ricciardi, Bharat B. Shrestha, Daniel Simberloff, Alifereti Tawake, Elena Tricarico, Sonia Vanderhoeven, Montserrat Vila, Wycliffe
Wanzala, Olaf L. F. Weyl, Maria L. Castillo, Romina D. Fernandez, Bernd Lenzner, Tatsiana Lipinskaya, Dongang C. Mangwa, Ninad A. Mungi, Esra Per, Betty
Rono, Ellen Ryan-Colton, Hanieh Saeedi, Joana R. Vicente, Rafael O. Xavier.
The review editors:
Piero Genovesi, John R. Wilson, Franz Essl, Aveliina Helm, Cang Hui, Julie L. Lockwood, Shyama N. Pagad, Rajesh K. Rai, David M. Richardson, Sophie
Riley, Victoria Werenkraut, Silvia R. Ziller.
The IPBES management committee:
Eric Fokam, Shizuka Hashimoto, Rizwan Irshad, Ruslan Novitsky, Rashad Allahverdiyev, Vinod Bihari Mathur, Youngbae Suh.
findings of this Assessment. Indeed, the
Assessment received media coverage in over
100 countries, with over 5,000 press articles,
in the weeks following approval - testament
to the meticulous and tireless work of the
IPBES communications team.
We are also grateful to the Government of
Japan, which generously hosted the technical
support unit at the Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES) and the first
author meeting, and all the governments
who nominated and supported experts. We
thank Aarhus University (Denmark) and the
University of Concepcion (Chile) for hosting
our author and/or summary for policymakers
meetings. We thank the secretariat of
the Convention on Biological Diversity who hosted our first
dialogue on Indigenous and local knowledge in Montreal,
Canada. We would especially like to acknowledge the support
of our home institutions and governments: the UK Centre for
Ecology & Hydrology (United Kingdom); the Faculty of Forestry
Sciences, University of Concepcion and Institute of Ecology
and Biodiversity (Chile); and Ontario Tech University (Canada).
We have appreciated the encouragement given to us from
them and the value they have placed on the work we have
been collaboratively leading.
Our gratitude goes to Bureau members Douglas Beard and
Sebsebe Demissew Woodmatas, for co-chairing the sessions
on the Assessment at the IPBES 10 Plenary (28 August -
2 September 2023, Bonn, Germany) which approved its
summary for policymakers and accepted its chapters. We also
thank MEP co-chairs Luthando Dziba and Shizuka Hashimoto
for their roles in facilitating discussions.
We would lastly like to thank all our friends and relatives who
supported us throughout this demanding assessment process.
This work would not have been possible without their love,
endless support and understanding.
The dedication and contributions of all those mentioned above
ensured the outcome of the Assessment of Invasive Alien
Species and their Control as a unique, robust and rich report.
It has been a privilege to have the opportunity to collaborate
with so many inspiring people, in all their many and varied
roles. We are confident that the Assessment will be impactful,
increasing global awareness of the significant threats to
biodiversity and human communities posed by invasive alien
species and, very importantly, what can be done to prevent
and control them.
Anibal Pauchard, Helen E. Roy, Peter Stoett
Co-Chairs | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Full-Page_0_8 | 5 STATEMENTS FROM KEY PARTNERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.41953125,0.050830078125,0.86875,0.0603515625] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Page-header_0_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | page 46
APPENDICES |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.3419921875,0.11318359375,0.88203125,0.150390625] | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Section-header_0_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [0.362109375,0.16923828125,0.884375,0.413671875] | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Picture_0_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.0591796875,0.19169921875,0.34140625,0.275] | findings of this Assessment. Indeed, the
Assessment received media coverage in over
100 countries, with over 5,000 press articles,
in the weeks following approval - testament
to the meticulous and tireless work of the
IPBES communications team. | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_0_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.05859375,0.290234375,0.343359375,0.431640625] | We are also grateful to the Government of
Japan, which generously hosted the technical
support unit at the Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES) and the first
author meeting, and all the governments
who nominated and supported experts. We
thank Aarhus University (Denmark) and the
University of Concepcion (Chile) for hosting
our author and/or summary for policymakers
meetings. We thank the secretariat of | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_1_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.059375,0.43203125,0.446875,0.57421875] | the Convention on Biological Diversity who hosted our first
dialogue on Indigenous and local knowledge in Montreal,
Canada. We would especially like to acknowledge the support
of our home institutions and governments: the UK Centre for
Ecology & Hydrology (United Kingdom); the Faculty of Forestry
Sciences, University of Concepcion and Institute of Ecology
and Biodiversity (Chile); and Ontario Tech University (Canada).
We have appreciated the encouragement given to us from
them and the value they have placed on the work we have
been collaboratively leading. | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_2_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.465625,0.433984375,0.85234375,0.4890625] | We would lastly like to thank all our friends and relatives who
supported us throughout this demanding assessment process.
This work would not have been possible without their love,
endless support and understanding. | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_3_8 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.934375,0.442578125,0.95,0.572265625] | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Page-header_1_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.4640625,0.504296875,0.853125,0.6453125] | The dedication and contributions of all those mentioned above
ensured the outcome of the Assessment of Invasive Alien
Species and their Control as a unique, robust and rich report.
It has been a privilege to have the opportunity to collaborate
with so many inspiring people, in all their many and varied
roles. We are confident that the Assessment will be impactful,
increasing global awareness of the significant threats to
biodiversity and human communities posed by invasive alien
species and, very importantly, what can be done to prevent
and control them. | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_4_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.0595703125,0.58984375,0.446875,0.687890625] | Our gratitude goes to Bureau members Douglas Beard and
Sebsebe Demissew Woodmatas, for co-chairing the sessions
on the Assessment at the IPBES 10 Plenary (28 August -
2 September 2023, Bonn, Germany) which approved its
summary for policymakers and accepted its chapters. We also
thank MEP co-chairs Luthando Dziba and Shizuka Hashimoto
for their roles in facilitating discussions. | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_5_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
Section-header_1 | Section-header | Text | [0.462109375,0.662109375,0.781640625,0.6875] | Anibal Pauchard, Helen E. Roy, Peter Stoett
Co-Chairs | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Section-header_1_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Anibal Pauchard, Helen E. Roy, Peter Stoett
Co-Chairs |
Section-header_2 | Section-header | Text | [0.0560546875,0.72109375,0.8265625,0.74453125] | WE ARE GRATEFUL TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE IPBES ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND
THEIR CONTROL: | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Section-header_2_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | WE ARE GRATEFUL TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE IPBES ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND
THEIR CONTROL: |
Text_6 | Text | Text | [0.0578125,0.755078125,0.853125,0.84921875] | Sven Bacher, Bella S. Galil, Philip E. Hulme, Tohru Ikeda, Sankaran Kavileveettil, Melodie A. McGeoch, Laura A. Meyerson, Martin A. Nunez, Alejandro
Ordonez, Sebataolo J. Rahlao, Evangelina Schwindt, Hanno Seebens, Andy W. Sheppard,Vigdis Vandvik, Alla Aleksanyan, Michael Ansong, Ryan
Blanchard, Ernesto Brugnoli, John K. Bukombe, Bridget Bwalya, Chaeho Byun, Morelia Camacho-Cervantes, Phillip Cassey, Franck Courchamp, Katharina
Dehnen-Schmutz, Rafael Dudeque Zenni, Chika Egawa, Georgi Fayvush, Miguel Fernandez, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft, Ana Isabel Gonzalez Martinez, Quentin J.
Groom, Ileana Herrera, Ankila J. Hiremath, Patricia L. Howard, Makihiko Ikegami, Emre Keskin, Asuka Koyama, Stanislav Ksenofontov, Angeliki F. Martinou,
Shana M. McDermott, Carolina L. Morales, Jana Mullerova, Linus K. Munishi, Henn Ojaveer, P. K. T. Nirmalie Pallewatta, Lora Peacock, Jan Pergl, Cristina
Preda, Petr Pysek, Anthony Ricciardi, Bharat B. Shrestha, Daniel Simberloff, Alifereti Tawake, Elena Tricarico, Sonia Vanderhoeven, Montserrat Vila, Wycliffe
Wanzala, Olaf L. F. Weyl, Maria L. Castillo, Romina D. Fernandez, Bernd Lenzner, Tatsiana Lipinskaya, Dongang C. Mangwa, Ninad A. Mungi, Esra Per, Betty
Rono, Ellen Ryan-Colton, Hanieh Saeedi, Joana R. Vicente, Rafael O. Xavier.
<Section-header> The review editors: </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_6_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | WE ARE GRATEFUL TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE IPBES ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND
THEIR CONTROL: |
Section-header_3 | Section-header | Text | [0.059375,0.853125,0.1708984375,0.865625] | The review editors: | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Section-header_3_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | The review editors: |
Text_7 | Text | Text | [0.05546875,0.865625,0.846875,0.8890625] | Piero Genovesi, John R. Wilson, Franz Essl, Aveliina Helm, Cang Hui, Julie L. Lockwood, Shyama N. Pagad, Rajesh K. Rai, David M. Richardson, Sophie
Riley, Victoria Werenkraut, Silvia R. Ziller.
<Section-header> The review editors: </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_7_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | The review editors: |
Section-header_4 | Section-header | Text | [0.058984375,0.89296875,0.263671875,0.9046875] | The IPBES management committee: | raw_document.pdf | 8 | Section-header_4_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | The IPBES management committee: |
Text_8 | Text | Text | [0.058984375,0.90390625,0.69140625,0.915625] | Eric Fokam, Shizuka Hashimoto, Rizwan Irshad, Ruslan Novitsky, Rashad Allahverdiyev, Vinod Bihari Mathur, Youngbae Suh.
<Section-header> The IPBES management committee: </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 8 | Text_8_8 | 7ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | The IPBES management committee: |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.1201171875,0.051171875,0.56875,0.060546875] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Page-header_0_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | The IPBES management committee: |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
8
DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT
T
he thematic assessment of invasive alien
species and their control produced by the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform
on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
(IPBES) critically evaluates evidence on
biological invasions2
and the impacts of
invasive alien species. In alignment with the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals and the Kunming-Montreal
Global Biodiversity Framework adopted by the Conference
of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the
assessment outlines key responses and policy options for
prevention, early detection and effective control of invasive
alien species and mitigation of their impacts in order to
safeguard nature, nature's contributions to people, and
good quality of life.
For the purposes of this assessment, the terms "native
species", "alien species",3
"established alien species",
"invasive alien species", "impacts", "introduction pathways"
and "drivers" are represented and defined in Figure SPM.1.
The term "biological invasion" is used to describe the
process involving the intentional or unintentional transport or
movement of a species outside its natural range by human
activities and its introduction to new regions, where it may
become established and spread.
Species introduced to new regions through human activities
are termed alien species. Invasive alien species represent
a subset of alien species, being animals, plants and other
organisms known to have established and spread with
negative impacts on biodiversity, local ecosystems and
species. Many invasive alien species also have impacts
on nature's contributions to people (embodying different
concepts such as ecosystem goods and services and
nature's gifts) and good quality of life.4
Some of the most
problematic invasive alien species arrive through multiple
introduction pathways and repeated introduction.
2. This assessment acknowledges that national and local legislation to
address biological invasions differ between countries and may include
different definitions appropriate to specific national and local contexts.
3. Multiple alternative terms exist to refer to alien species.
4. Annex III to decision IPBES-4/1.
Invasive alien species are recognized as one of the five
major direct drivers of change in nature globally, alongside
land- and sea-use change, direct exploitation of organisms,
climate change, and pollution.5
This assessment considers
how biological invasions are facilitated by all those direct
anthropogenic drivers, noting that interactions among
invasive alien species can enable further biological
invasions. The assessment also considers how biological
invasions can be influenced by indirect drivers, as identified
in the IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Services: these include demographic,
economic, sociocultural and technological drivers, as well
as those relating to institutions and governance. Finally,
the assessment considers how biological invasions, and
ultimately the impacts of invasive alien species, can be
facilitated by natural drivers of change, in particular natural
hazards (such as floods, storms and wildfires) and by
biodiversity loss itself.
In the context of this assessment, management of
biological invasions includes the development of decision
support tools; prevention (supported by regulation)
and preparedness planning and actions; eradication,
containment and control of invasive alien species; site- and
ecosystem-based management; and ecosystem restoration.
Other important concepts associated with biological
invasion are defined in the glossary of the assessment
report. The conceptual basis underpinning the assessment,
including the IPBES conceptual framework,6
and the
methodology for reviewing literature are outlined in chapter 1
of the assessment report.
5. IPBES (2019): The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform
on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Brondizio, E. S., Settele,
J., Diaz, S. and Ngo, H. T. (eds.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673
6. The conceptual framework for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy
Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services was approved by
the Plenary in decision IPBES-2/4 (2013) and updated in decision
IPBES-5/1 (2017). | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Full-Page_0_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | The IPBES management committee: |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.11640625,0.1111328125,0.8046875,0.2416015625] | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Section-header_0_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.1126953125,0.291015625,0.487109375,0.503125] | T
he thematic assessment of invasive alien
species and their control produced by the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform
on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
(IPBES) critically evaluates evidence on
biological invasions2
and the impacts of
invasive alien species. In alignment with the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals and the Kunming-Montreal
Global Biodiversity Framework adopted by the Conference
of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the
assessment outlines key responses and policy options for
prevention, early detection and effective control of invasive
alien species and mitigation of their impacts in order to
safeguard nature, nature's contributions to people, and
good quality of life. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_0_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.11875,0.519140625,0.48671875,0.5734375] | For the purposes of this assessment, the terms "native
species", "alien species",3
"established alien species",
"invasive alien species", "impacts", "introduction pathways"
and "drivers" are represented and defined in Figure SPM.1. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_1_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.1193359375,0.590234375,0.49140625,0.658984375] | The term "biological invasion" is used to describe the
process involving the intentional or unintentional transport or
movement of a species outside its natural range by human
activities and its introduction to new regions, where it may
become established and spread. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_2_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.11806640625,0.6765625,0.490625,0.83046875] | Species introduced to new regions through human activities
are termed alien species. Invasive alien species represent
a subset of alien species, being animals, plants and other
organisms known to have established and spread with
negative impacts on biodiversity, local ecosystems and
species. Many invasive alien species also have impacts
on nature's contributions to people (embodying different
concepts such as ecosystem goods and services and
nature's gifts) and good quality of life.4
Some of the most
problematic invasive alien species arrive through multiple
introduction pathways and repeated introduction. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_3_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
List-item_0 | List-item | Text | [0.1166015625,0.8609375,0.4828125,0.903125] | 2. This assessment acknowledges that national and local legislation to
address biological invasions differ between countries and may include
different definitions appropriate to specific national and local contexts.
3. Multiple alternative terms exist to refer to alien species. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | List-item_0_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
List-item_1 | List-item | Text | [0.11826171875,0.90546875,0.298828125,0.9171875] | 4. Annex III to decision IPBES-4/1. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | List-item_1_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.50859375,0.291015625,0.87890625,0.5453125] | Invasive alien species are recognized as one of the five
major direct drivers of change in nature globally, alongside
land- and sea-use change, direct exploitation of organisms,
climate change, and pollution.5
This assessment considers
how biological invasions are facilitated by all those direct
anthropogenic drivers, noting that interactions among
invasive alien species can enable further biological
invasions. The assessment also considers how biological
invasions can be influenced by indirect drivers, as identified
in the IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Services: these include demographic,
economic, sociocultural and technological drivers, as well
as those relating to institutions and governance. Finally,
the assessment considers how biological invasions, and
ultimately the impacts of invasive alien species, can be
facilitated by natural drivers of change, in particular natural
hazards (such as floods, storms and wildfires) and by
biodiversity loss itself. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_4_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.508984375,0.56171875,0.88359375,0.6453125] | In the context of this assessment, management of
biological invasions includes the development of decision
support tools; prevention (supported by regulation)
and preparedness planning and actions; eradication,
containment and control of invasive alien species; site- and
ecosystem-based management; and ecosystem restoration. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_5_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Text_6 | Text | Text | [0.51015625,0.66171875,0.8828125,0.7453125] | Other important concepts associated with biological
invasion are defined in the glossary of the assessment
report. The conceptual basis underpinning the assessment,
including the IPBES conceptual framework,6
and the
methodology for reviewing literature are outlined in chapter 1
of the assessment report. | raw_document.pdf | 9 | Text_6_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
List-item_2 | List-item | Text | [0.50703125,0.82421875,0.871875,0.9171875] | 5. IPBES (2019): The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform
on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Brondizio, E. S., Settele,
J., Diaz, S. and Ngo, H. T. (eds.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673
6. The conceptual framework for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy
Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services was approved by
the Plenary in decision IPBES-2/4 (2013) and updated in decision
IPBES-5/1 (2017). | raw_document.pdf | 9 | List-item_2_9 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
9
Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7
Invasive alien species are one of the main direct drivers of change in nature. The biological invasion process comprises the following
stages: transport, introduction, establishment and spread (or dispersal). Definitions of native, alien, established alien and invasive alien
species are provided. Indirect and other direct drivers of change facilitate biological invasion.
7. This assessment acknowledges that national and local legislation to
address biological invasions differ between countries and may include
different definitions appropriate to specific national and local contexts.
Biological invasion - a process that transports (moves) and introduces a species outside of its natural range,
"
intentionally or unintentionally by human activities to new regions where it may become established and spread."
1. Transport - Human activities
move a species, intentionally
or unintentionally, through
introduction pathways
beyond barriers that define
its natural range
2. Introduction - Arrival at a new location
outside of its natural range through
human activities
3. Establishment - Production of a viable,
self-sustaining population
4. Spread - Dispersal
and/or movement in a new
region or range
Invasive alien species - A subset of established
alien species that spread and have a negative
impact on biodiversity, local ecosystems and
species. Many invasive alien species also have
impacts on nature's contributions to people
(embodying different concepts, such as
ecosystem goods and services and nature's gifts)
and good quality of life
Introduction pathways - The many ways in which
species are moved from one location to another by
human activities that give rise to an intentional
or unintentional introduction
Drivers - Factors that directly or indirectly cause
changes to nature and may facilitate biological invasion
Negative impacts - Negative changes to nature,
nature's contribution to people and/or good quality
of life caused by invasive alien species
Biological
invasion process
Established alien species - A subset of alien
species that have produced a viable, selfsustaining population and may have spread
Alien species - A species whose presence in a
region is attributable to human activities that have
enabled it to overcome the barriers that define
its natural range
Native species - A species (animal, plant or
other organism) within its natural range, including
shifting its range, without human involvement | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Full-Page_0_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [0.112890625,0.1296875,0.526171875,0.772265625] | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Picture_0_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
|
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.16875,0.290625,0.348046875,0.35546875] | 1. Transport - Human activities
move a species, intentionally
or unintentionally, through
introduction pathways
beyond barriers that define
its natural range | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_0_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS
AND THE CONTEXT OF
THE ASSESSMENT |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.13515625,0.782421875,0.66640625,0.799609375] | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Section-header_0_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.133203125,0.8046875,0.8625,0.840625] | Invasive alien species are one of the main direct drivers of change in nature. The biological invasion process comprises the following
stages: transport, introduction, establishment and spread (or dispersal). Definitions of native, alien, established alien and invasive alien
species are provided. Indirect and other direct drivers of change facilitate biological invasion. | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_1_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.555078125,0.2458984375,0.8375,0.2779296875] | Native species - A species (animal, plant or
other organism) within its natural range, including
shifting its range, without human involvement | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_2_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.55546875,0.33125,0.83671875,0.371875] | Alien species - A species whose presence in a
region is attributable to human activities that have
enabled it to overcome the barriers that define
its natural range | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_3_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.553515625,0.501953125,0.8421875,0.589453125] | Invasive alien species - A subset of established
alien species that spread and have a negative
impact on biodiversity, local ecosystems and
species. Many invasive alien species also have
impacts on nature's contributions to people
(embodying different concepts, such as
ecosystem goods and services and nature's gifts)
and good quality of life | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_4_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.54609375,0.621875,0.8375,0.663671875] | Introduction pathways - The many ways in which
species are moved from one location to another by
human activities that give rise to an intentional
or unintentional introduction | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_5_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_6 | Text | Text | [0.544921875,0.673828125,0.86171875,0.696484375] | Drivers - Factors that directly or indirectly cause
changes to nature and may facilitate biological invasion | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_6_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Text_7 | Text | Text | [0.54609375,0.705859375,0.8375,0.73828125] | Negative impacts - Negative changes to nature,
nature's contribution to people and/or good quality
of life caused by invasive alien species | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Text_7_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Footnote_0 | Footnote | Text | [0.11865234375,0.88515625,0.48359375,0.9171875] | 7. This assessment acknowledges that national and local legislation to
address biological invasions differ between countries and may include
different definitions appropriate to specific national and local contexts. | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Footnote_0_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Page-footer_0 | Page-footer | Text | [0.1193359375,0.8859375,0.4828125,0.9171875] | 7. This assessment acknowledges that national and local legislation to
address biological invasions differ between countries and may include
different definitions appropriate to specific national and local contexts. | raw_document.pdf | 10 | Page-footer_0_10 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [-0.001171875,-0.0015625,1.0,0.9984375] | raw_document.pdf | 11 | Picture_0_11 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
|
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
10SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 11 | Full-Page_0_11 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
11SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
KEY MESSAGES | raw_document.pdf | 12 | Full-Page_0_12 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [-0.0001953125,0.374609375,0.0583984375,0.473046875] | raw_document.pdf | 12 | Picture_0_12 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
|
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.1197265625,0.051123046875,0.56875,0.060595703125] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Page-header_0_13 | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Page-header_1 | Page-header | Text | [0.0509765625,0.46328125,0.066650390625,0.609765625] | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Page-header_1_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
12SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
KEY
MESSAGES
A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life
Alien species are being introduced by human
activities to all regions and biomes of the
world at unprecedented rates. Some become
invasive, causing negative and in some cases
irreversible impacts on nature, including loss
of uniqueness of biological communities,
contributing to the unparalleled degree of
deterioration of the biosphere upon which
humanity depends.
KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth
{A1} (Figure SPM.2). More than 37,000 established
alien species have been introduced by human activities
across all regions and biomes of Earth, with new alien
species presently being recorded at an unprecedented
rate of approximately 200 annually. Studies with evidence
of negative impacts exist for more than 3,500 of these
species, which are categorized as invasive alien species.
The proportion of established alien species known to be
invasive varies among taxonomic groups, ranging from
6 per cent of all alien plants to 22 per cent of all alien
invertebrates. Twenty per cent of all impacts are reported
from islands. A disproportionate number of documented
negative impacts have been reported in terrestrial realms,
especially in temperate and boreal forests and woodlands
and cultivated areas (including agricultural land). About
one quarter of documented negative impacts have been
reported from aquatic realms, especially from inland surface
waters/waterbodies and shelf ecosystems. In addition to
their impacts on nature, about 16 per cent of invasive alien
species have negative impacts on nature's contributions to
people, and about 7 per cent on good quality of life.
KM-A2 Invasive alien species cause dramatic and,
in some cases, irreversible changes to biodiversity
and ecosystems, resulting in adverse and complex
outcomes across all regions of Earth, including
local and global species extinctions {A2, A3}
(Figure SPM.3). Invasive alien species have contributed
solely or alongside other drivers to 60 per cent of recorded
global extinctions, and are the only driver in 16 per cent of
the documented global animal and plant extinctions. Biotic
homogenization, whereby biological communities around the
world become more similar, is a major negative impact of
invasive alien species, with consequences for the structure
and functioning of ecosystems. Changes in the properties
of ecosystems, such as soil and water characteristics,
account for more than a quarter of documented impacts.
The magnitude and types of impacts vary for different
invasive alien species and across ecosystems and regions.
The majority of documented global extinctions attributed
mainly to invasive alien species have occurred on islands
(90 per cent), and local extinctions account for 9 per
cent of documented impacts of invasive alien species on
islands. Some areas, despite being protected for nature
conservation or being remote, are also vulnerable to the
negative impacts of invasive alien species.
KM-A3 The economy, food security, water
security and human health are profoundly and
negatively affected by invasive alien species {A4,
A5} (Figure SPM.3). In 2019, global annual costs of
biological invasions were estimated to exceed US$423
billion. The vast majority of global costs (92 per cent) accrue
from the negative impacts of invasive alien species on
nature's contributions to people or on good quality of life,
while only 8 per cent of that sum is related to management
expenditures of biological invasions. The benefits to people
that some invasive alien species provide do not mitigate or
undo their negative impacts, which include harm to human
health (such as disease transmission), livelihoods, water
security and food security, with reduction in food supply
being by far the most frequently reported impact (more than
66 per cent).
KM-A4 Invasive alien species can add to
marginalization and inequity, including, in some
contexts, gender- and age-differentiated impacts
{A5, A6}. People with the greatest direct dependence
on nature, including those involved in gender- and agespecific activities, such as fishing or weeding, may be
disproportionately affected by invasive alien species.
More than 2,300 invasive alien species are found on lands
managed, used and/or owned by Indigenous Peoples
across all regions of Earth, threatening their quality of life
and often leading to general feelings of despair, sadness
and stress. Indigenous Peoples and local communities,
ethnic minorities, migrants, and poor rural and urban
communities are disproportionately impacted by invasive
alien vector-borne diseases. Biological invasions negatively
affect the autonomy, rights and cultural identities of
Indigenous Peoples and local communities through the loss
of traditional livelihoods and knowledge, reduced mobility
and access to land, and increased labour to manage the
invasive alien species. Impact reports by some Indigenous
Peoples and local communities document 92 per cent | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Full-Page_0_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [0.1189453125,0.11328125,0.425,0.191796875] | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Picture_0_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | Figure SPM 1 Key concepts within the biological invasion process.7 |
|
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.119140625,0.2279296875,0.46796875,0.300390625] | A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Section-header_0_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life |
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.11953125,0.228125,0.4671875,0.2998046875] | A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life
<Section-header> A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_0_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.1193359375,0.311328125,0.492578125,0.458984375] | Alien species are being introduced by human
activities to all regions and biomes of the
world at unprecedented rates. Some become
invasive, causing negative and in some cases
irreversible impacts on nature, including loss
of uniqueness of biological communities,
contributing to the unparalleled degree of
deterioration of the biosphere upon which
humanity depends.
<Section-header> A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_1_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | A. Invasive alien species are a
major threat to nature, nature's
contributions to people, and good
quality of life |
Section-header_1 | Section-header | Text | [0.11875,0.475,0.45390625,0.503515625] | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Section-header_1_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.11875,0.50078125,0.48828125,0.80234375] | {A1} (Figure SPM.2). More than 37,000 established
alien species have been introduced by human activities
across all regions and biomes of Earth, with new alien
species presently being recorded at an unprecedented
rate of approximately 200 annually. Studies with evidence
of negative impacts exist for more than 3,500 of these
species, which are categorized as invasive alien species.
The proportion of established alien species known to be
invasive varies among taxonomic groups, ranging from
6 per cent of all alien plants to 22 per cent of all alien
invertebrates. Twenty per cent of all impacts are reported
from islands. A disproportionate number of documented
negative impacts have been reported in terrestrial realms,
especially in temperate and boreal forests and woodlands
and cultivated areas (including agricultural land). About
one quarter of documented negative impacts have been
reported from aquatic realms, especially from inland surface
waters/waterbodies and shelf ecosystems. In addition to
their impacts on nature, about 16 per cent of invasive alien
species have negative impacts on nature's contributions to
people, and about 7 per cent on good quality of life.
<Section-header> KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_2_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.11943359375,0.81875,0.4890625,0.915625] | KM-A2 Invasive alien species cause dramatic and,
in some cases, irreversible changes to biodiversity
and ecosystems, resulting in adverse and complex
outcomes across all regions of Earth, including
local and global species extinctions {A2, A3}
(Figure SPM.3). Invasive alien species have contributed
solely or alongside other drivers to 60 per cent of recorded | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_3_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.50859375,0.1205078125,0.88671875,0.3609375] | global extinctions, and are the only driver in 16 per cent of
the documented global animal and plant extinctions. Biotic
homogenization, whereby biological communities around the
world become more similar, is a major negative impact of
invasive alien species, with consequences for the structure
and functioning of ecosystems. Changes in the properties
of ecosystems, such as soil and water characteristics,
account for more than a quarter of documented impacts.
The magnitude and types of impacts vary for different
invasive alien species and across ecosystems and regions.
The majority of documented global extinctions attributed
mainly to invasive alien species have occurred on islands
(90 per cent), and local extinctions account for 9 per
cent of documented impacts of invasive alien species on
islands. Some areas, despite being protected for nature
conservation or being remote, are also vulnerable to the
negative impacts of invasive alien species. | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_4_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Text_5 | Text | Text | [0.509765625,0.3755859375,0.8859375,0.603125] | KM-A3 The economy, food security, water
security and human health are profoundly and
negatively affected by invasive alien species {A4,
A5} (Figure SPM.3). In 2019, global annual costs of
biological invasions were estimated to exceed US$423
billion. The vast majority of global costs (92 per cent) accrue
from the negative impacts of invasive alien species on
nature's contributions to people or on good quality of life,
while only 8 per cent of that sum is related to management
expenditures of biological invasions. The benefits to people
that some invasive alien species provide do not mitigate or
undo their negative impacts, which include harm to human
health (such as disease transmission), livelihoods, water
security and food security, with reduction in food supply
being by far the most frequently reported impact (more than
66 per cent). | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_5_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Text_6 | Text | Text | [0.509375,0.6171875,0.87890625,0.915625] | KM-A4 Invasive alien species can add to
marginalization and inequity, including, in some
contexts, gender- and age-differentiated impacts
{A5, A6}. People with the greatest direct dependence
on nature, including those involved in gender- and agespecific activities, such as fishing or weeding, may be
disproportionately affected by invasive alien species.
More than 2,300 invasive alien species are found on lands
managed, used and/or owned by Indigenous Peoples
across all regions of Earth, threatening their quality of life
and often leading to general feelings of despair, sadness
and stress. Indigenous Peoples and local communities,
ethnic minorities, migrants, and poor rural and urban
communities are disproportionately impacted by invasive
alien vector-borne diseases. Biological invasions negatively
affect the autonomy, rights and cultural identities of
Indigenous Peoples and local communities through the loss
of traditional livelihoods and knowledge, reduced mobility
and access to land, and increased labour to manage the
invasive alien species. Impact reports by some Indigenous
Peoples and local communities document 92 per cent | raw_document.pdf | 13 | Text_6_13 | SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Page-header_0 | Page-header | Text | [0.9328125,0.44375,0.95546875,0.60703125] | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Page-header_0_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Full-Page_0 | Full-Page | Text | [0.0,0.0,0.999999999,0.999999999] | THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
negative impacts and 8 per cent positive impacts on nature
caused by invasive alien species.
KM-A5 Overall, policies and their implementation
have been insufficient in managing biological
invasions and preventing and controlling invasive
alien species {A7, A8}. Up to 2020, only partial progress
was made towards international goals and targets (e.g.,
Aichi Biodiversity Target 9 and Sustainable Development
Goal Target 15.8). While most countries have targets related
to the management of biological invasions within their
national biodiversity strategies and action plans, effective
policies are often lacking or inadequately implemented.
Eighty-three per cent of countries do not have national
legislation or regulations directed specifically toward the
prevention and control of invasive alien species. Policy
relevant to biological invasions is also fragmented within
countries and across sectors. To date, capacity to respond
to biological invasions has varied widely across regions,
with nearly half of all countries (45 per cent) not investing
in management of invasive alien species (SDG indicator
15.8.1). Differences in perception, including conflicting
interests and values, of the importance and urgency of
the threat of invasive alien species, coupled with lack of
awareness of the need for a collective and coordinated
response, as well as gaps in data and knowledge, can
hinder the management of invasive alien species. Economic
development policies and those aiming to manage other
drivers of change sometimes facilitate biological invasions.
Demographic drivers also facilitate the introduction and
spread of invasive alien species while acknowledging that
drivers differ across regions and level of impact. The lack
of border biosecurity (such as inspections undertaken by
quarantine officers of commodities, goods and people)
in one country weakens the efficacy of such measures in
other countries.
B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future
The threats from invasive alien species are
increasing in all regions of Earth and are
predicted to do so in the future. Even without
the introduction of new species, existing
populations of invasive alien species will
continue spreading through all ecosystems.
Amplification of and interactions among
direct and indirect drivers of change will
profoundly shape and exacerbate the future
threats from invasive alien species.
KM-B1 Many human activities facilitate the
transport, introduction, establishment and spread
of invasive alien species {B9, B11, B12, B14} | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Full-Page_0_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | KM-A1 People and nature are threatened by
invasive alien species in all regions of Earth |
Section-header_0 | Section-header | Text | [0.48125,0.050830078125,0.85625,0.059912109375] | TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Section-header_0_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT |
Picture_0 | Picture | Image | [-0.00078125,0.0953125,0.89765625,0.461328125] | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Picture_0_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT |
|
Text_0 | Text | Text | [0.11875,0.490234375,0.487109375,0.5171875] | negative impacts and 8 per cent positive impacts on nature
caused by invasive alien species. | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Text_0_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT |
Text_1 | Text | Text | [0.1185546875,0.532421875,0.492578125,0.915625] | KM-A5 Overall, policies and their implementation
have been insufficient in managing biological
invasions and preventing and controlling invasive
alien species {A7, A8}. Up to 2020, only partial progress
was made towards international goals and targets (e.g.,
Aichi Biodiversity Target 9 and Sustainable Development
Goal Target 15.8). While most countries have targets related
to the management of biological invasions within their
national biodiversity strategies and action plans, effective
policies are often lacking or inadequately implemented.
Eighty-three per cent of countries do not have national
legislation or regulations directed specifically toward the
prevention and control of invasive alien species. Policy
relevant to biological invasions is also fragmented within
countries and across sectors. To date, capacity to respond
to biological invasions has varied widely across regions,
with nearly half of all countries (45 per cent) not investing
in management of invasive alien species (SDG indicator
15.8.1). Differences in perception, including conflicting
interests and values, of the importance and urgency of
the threat of invasive alien species, coupled with lack of
awareness of the need for a collective and coordinated
response, as well as gaps in data and knowledge, can
hinder the management of invasive alien species. Economic
development policies and those aiming to manage other
drivers of change sometimes facilitate biological invasions.
Demographic drivers also facilitate the introduction and | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Text_1_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT |
Text_2 | Text | Text | [0.509375,0.491015625,0.865625,0.573828125] | spread of invasive alien species while acknowledging that
drivers differ across regions and level of impact. The lack
of border biosecurity (such as inspections undertaken by
quarantine officers of commodities, goods and people)
in one country weakens the efficacy of such measures in
other countries. | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Text_2_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT |
Section-header_1 | Section-header | Text | [0.511328125,0.607421875,0.8578125,0.6796875] | B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future | raw_document.pdf | 14 | Section-header_1_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future |
Text_3 | Text | Text | [0.51171875,0.608203125,0.85703125,0.679296875] | B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future
<Section-header> B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 14 | Text_3_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future |
Text_4 | Text | Text | [0.5109375,0.690625,0.88125,0.85546875] | The threats from invasive alien species are
increasing in all regions of Earth and are
predicted to do so in the future. Even without
the introduction of new species, existing
populations of invasive alien species will
continue spreading through all ecosystems.
Amplification of and interactions among
direct and indirect drivers of change will
profoundly shape and exacerbate the future
threats from invasive alien species.
<Section-header> B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future </Section-header>
| raw_document.pdf | 14 | Text_4_14 | 13SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS | The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL | B. Globally, invasive alien species
and their impacts are increasing
rapidly and are predicted to
continue rising in the future |