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This water cycle is a vital mechanism for supporting life on land and is a primary factor in the erosion of surface features over geological periods .

(life;supporting;on land)

(This water cycle; is; a vital mechanism for supporting life on land) (This water cycle; is; a primary factor in the erosion of surface features over geological periods)

Precipitation patterns vary widely , ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter .

(Precipitation patterns;vary;widely) (Precipitation patterns;ranging;from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter)

(Precipitation patterns; vary; ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter) (Precipitation patterns; vary; widely ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter)

Atmospheric circulation , topographic features , and temperature differences determine the average precipitation that falls in each region .

(Atmospheric circulation , topographic features , and temperature differences;determine;the average precipitation that falls in each region) (average precipitation;falls;Atmospheric circulation , topographic features , and temperature differences in each region)

(the average precipitation; falls; in each region) (Atmospheric circulation topographic features and temperature differences; determine; the average precipitation)

The United Nations is a worldwide intergovernmental organization that was created with the goal of intervening in the disputes between nations , thereby avoiding armed conflict .

(The United Nations;created;with the goal of intervening in the disputes between nations , thereby avoiding armed conflict) (The United Nations;intervening;in the disputes between nations) (The United Nations;avoiding;armed conflict)

(The United Nations; is; a worldwide intergovernmental organization) (a worldwide intergovernmental organization; was created; with the goal of intervening in the disputes between nations thereby avoiding armed conflict)

The U.N. serves primarily as a forum for international diplomacy and international law .

(The U.N.;serves;primarily as a forum for international diplomacy and international law)

(The U.N.; serves; primarily as a forum for international diplomacy and international law)

When the consensus of the membership permits , it provides a mechanism for armed intervention .

(the consensus of the membership permits;provides;a mechanism for armed intervention)

(the consensus of the membership; permits; When) (it; provides; a mechanism for armed intervention When the consensus of the membership permits)

The first human to orbit Earth was Yuri Gagarin on 12 April 1961 .

(Yuri Gagarin;orbit;Earth on 12 April 1961)

(The first human to orbit Earth; was; Yuri Gagarin April 1961 on 12)

In total , about 487 people have visited outer space and reached orbit as of 30 July 2010 , and , of these , twelve have walked on the Moon .

(about 487 people;reached;orbit as of 30 July 2010) (twelve;walked;the Moon) (people;walked;the Moon)

(twelve; have walked; on the Moon) (about 487 people; reached; orbit as of 30 twelve have walked on the Moon In total) (about 487 people; reached; orbit as of 30 July 2010 twelve have walked on the Moon) (about 487 people; have visited; outer space twelve have walked on the Moon In total)

The station 's crew , made up of six people , is usually replaced every six months .

(The station 's crew;made;six people)

(The station 's crew; be made; of six people) (The station; has; crew made up of six people) (The station 's crew made up of six people; is replaced; every six months usually)

The farthest that humans have traveled from Earth is 400,171 km , achieved during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970 .

(The farthest that humans have traveled from Earth is 400,171 km;achieved;during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970) (humans;traveled;from Earth is 400,171 km during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970)

(humans; have traveled; from Earth) (400,171 km; be achieved; during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970) (The farthest that humans have traveled from Earth; is; 400,171 km achieved during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970)

Earth 's atmosphere and oceans were formed by volcanic activity and outgassing that included water vapor .

(Earth 's atmosphere and oceans;formed;volcanic activity and outgassing that included water vapor)

(Earth; has; atmosphere and oceans) (volcanic activity and outgassing; included; water vapor) (Earth 's atmosphere and oceans; were formed; by volcanic activity and outgassing)

The origin of the world 's oceans was condensation augmented by water and ice delivered by asteroids , protoplanets , and comets .

(The origin of the world 's oceans was condensation augmented by water and ice;delivered;asteroids , protoplanets , and comets .)

(the world; has; oceans) (water and ice; be delivered; by asteroids protoplanets and comets) (condensation; be augmented; by water and ice delivered by asteroids protoplanets and comets) (The origin of the world 's oceans; was; condensation augmented by water and ice delivered by asteroids protoplanets and comets)

By 7000350000000000000 ♠ 3.5 Gya , Earth 's magnetic field was established , which helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind .

(Earth 's magnetic field;established;By 7000350000000000000 ♠ 3.5 Gya) (Earth 's magnetic field;prevent;By 7000350000000000000 ♠ 3.5 Gya the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind) (the atmosphere;stripped;away by the solar wind) (Earth 's magnetic field was established;helped;By 7000350000000000000 ♠ 3.5 Gya prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind)

(Earth; has; magnetic field) (which; helped; prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind) (Earth 's magnetic field; was established; which helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind By 7000350000000000000 â 3.5 Gya)

The original lifts for the journey between the second and third levels were supplied by Léon Edoux .

(Léon Edoux;supplied;The original lifts)

(The original lifts for the journey between the second and third levels; were supplied; by LÃ © on Edoux)

A pair of 81 m -LRB- 266 ft -RRB- hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level , reaching nearly halfway up to the third level .

(A pair of 81 m -LRB- 266 ft -RRB- hydraulic rams;reaching;nearly halfway up to the third level .) (A pair of 81 m -LRB- 266 ft -RRB- hydraulic rams;mounted;on the second level)

(hydraulic rams; were mounted; on the second level) (A pair of 81 m 266 ft hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level to the third level; be reaching; nearly halfway)

One lift car was mounted on top of these rams : cables ran from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down to a second car .

(cables;ran;from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down to a second car) (One lift car;mounted;on top of these rams)

(One lift car; was mounted; on top of these rams) (cables; ran; from the top of this car to a second car) (cables; ran; from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down)

Each car only travelled half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway .

(passengers;would change;lifts halfway by means of a short gangway) (Each car;travelled;half the distance between the second and third levels) (passengers;required;to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway)

(half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers; were required; to change lifts halfway) (half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers; were required; to change lifts by means of a short gangway) (Each car; traveled; half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway only)

The 10-ton cars each held 65 passengers .

(10-ton cars;held;65 passengers)

(The 10-ton cars; held; 65 passengers)

On 3 January 1956 , a fire started in the television transmitter , damaging the top of the tower .

(a fire;started;On 3 January 1956 in the television transmitter)

(a fire; started; damaging the top of the tower On 3) (a fire; started; damaging the top of the tower January 1956) (a fire; started; in the television transmitter damaging the top of the tower)

Repairs took a year , and in 1957 , the present radio aerial was added to the top .

(Repairs;took;a year in 1957) (the present radio aerial;added;in 1957 to the top)

(Repairs; took; a year) (the present radio aerial; was added; to the top in 1957)

In 1964 , the Eiffel Tower was officially declared to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs , André Malraux .

(by the Minister of Cultural Affairs , André Malraux;declared;In 1964 the Eiffel Tower to be a historical monument)

(Cultural Affairs; is; Andrà © Malraux) (the Eiffel Tower; was declared; to be a historical monument In 1964) (the Eiffel Tower; was declared; to be a historical monument officially) (the Eiffel Tower; was declared; to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs In 1964) (the Eiffel Tower; was declared; to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs officially)

A year later , an additional lift system was installed in the north pillar .

(an additional lift system;installed;A year later in the north pillar)

(A year later; an additional lift system was installed; in the north pillar) (an additional lift system; A year later was installed; in the north pillar)

The puddled iron -LRB- wrought iron -RRB- of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tons , and the addition of lifts , shops and antennae have brought the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons .

(The puddled iron -LRB- wrought iron -RRB- of the Eiffel Tower;weighs;7,300 tons) (the addition of lifts , shops and antennae;brought;the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons)

(The puddled iron of the Eiffel Tower; is; wrought iron) (The puddled iron of the Eiffel Tower; weighs; 7,300 tons) (the addition of lifts shops and antennae; have brought; the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons)

As a demonstration of the economy of design , if the 7,300 tons of metal in the structure were melted down , it would fill the square base , 125 metres -LRB- 410 ft -RRB- on each side , to a depth of only 6.25 cm -LRB- 2.46 in -RRB- assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre .

(metal in the structure;melted;7.8 tons)

(the square base 410 ft; is; 125 metres) (it; would fill; the square base 410 ft on each side) (it; would fill; the square base 410 ft As a demonstration of the economy of design) (only 6.25 cm 2.46 in; be assuming; the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre) (it; would fill; the square base 410 ft if the 7,300 tons of metal in the structure were melted down) (it; would fill; the square base 410 ft to a depth of only 6.25 cm 2.46 in assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre)

Additionally , a cubic box surrounding the tower -LRB- 324 m x 125 m x 125 m -RRB- would contain 6,200 tons of air , weighing almost as much as the iron itself .

(a cubic box surrounding the tower;contain;6,200 tons of air) (cubic box surrounding the tower -LRB- 324 m x 125 m x 125 m -RRB- would contain 6,200 tons of air;weighing;almost as much as the iron itself) (a cubic box;surrounding;the tower)

(a cubic box; be surrounding; the tower 324 m x 125 m x 125 m) (a cubic box surrounding the tower 324 m x 125 m x 125 m; would contain; 6,200 tons of air Additionally) (a cubic box surrounding the tower 324 m x 125 m x 125 m; be weighing; almost as much as the iron itself) (a cubic box surrounding the tower 324 m x 125 m x 125 m; would contain; 6,200 tons of air weighing almost as much as the iron itself)

Depending on the ambient temperature , the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm -LRB- 7 in -RRB- due to thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun .

(the top of the tower;might shift;away from the sun) (the top of the tower;facing;the sun)

(the top of the tower; may shift away; from the sun Depending on the ambient temperature) (the top of the tower; may shift away; from the sun by up to 18 cm 7 in due to thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun)

We , writers , painters , sculptors , architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris , protest with all our strength , with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste , against the erection ... of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower ... To bring our arguments home , imagine for a moment a giddy , ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack , crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame , the Tour Saint-Jacques , the Louvre , the Dome of les Invalides , the Arc de Triomphe , all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream .

(our arguments;bring;home) (this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower;crushing;Notre Dame , the Tour Saint-Jacques , the Louvre , the Dome of les Invalides , the Arc de Triomphe) (Paris;would dominating;a giddy , ridiculous tower like a gigantic black smokestack) (all of our humiliated monuments;might disappear;in this ghastly dream)

(our; has; all strength) (our; has; arguments home) (our; has; humiliated monuments) (its; has; barbaric bulk Notre Dame) (all of our humiliated monuments; will disappear; in this ghastly dream) (a moment a giddy ridiculous tower; dominating; Paris like a gigantic black smokestack) (our; has; all indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; writers) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; painters) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; sculptors) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; the Louvre) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; the Arc de Triomphe) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; the Tour Saint-Jacques) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; the Dome of les Invalides) (We protest with all our strength with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste against the erection of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower imagine for a moment a giddy ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream; is; architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris)

The profession of soldiering as part of a military is older than recorded history itself .

(The profession;soldiering;is older than recorded history itself)

(The profession of soldiering as part of a military; is; older than recorded history itself)

Some of the most enduring images of the classical antiquity portray the power and feats of its military leaders .

(the power and feats of its military leaders;portray;the most enduring images of the classical antiquity)

(its; has; military leaders) (Some of the most enduring images of the classical antiquity; portray; the power and feats of its military leaders)

The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC was one of the defining points of Pharaoh Ramesses II 's reign , and is celebrated in bas-relief on his monuments .

(The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC;defining;points of Pharaoh Ramesses II 's reign) (The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC;celebrated;in bas-relief on his monuments)

(his; has; monuments) (Pharaoh Ramesses II; has; reign) (The Battle of Kadesh; was; one in 1274 BC) (The Battle of Kadesh; is celebrated; in bas-relief on his monuments) (The Battle of Kadesh; was; one of the defining points of Pharaoh Ramesses II 's reign)

A thousand years later , the first emperor of unified China , Qin Shi Huang , was so determined to impress the gods with his military might , he was buried with an army of terracotta soldiers .

(China;unified;A thousand years later) (the first emperor of unified China , Qin Shi Huang;determined;A thousand years later to impress the gods with his military might , he was buried with an army of terracotta soldiers) (the first emperor of unified China;buried;A thousand years later , Qin Shi Huang , was so determined to impress the gods with his military might with an army of terracotta soldiers) (Qin Shi Huang;buried;A thousand years later the first emperor of unified China , , was so determined to impress the gods with his military might with an army of terracotta soldiers) (first emperor of unified China , Qin Shi Huang;impress;A thousand years later the gods with his military might)

(his; has; military might) (the first emperor of unified China; is; Qin Shi Huang) (the first emperor of unified China; was determined; to impress the gods A thousand years later) (the first emperor of unified China; was determined; to impress the gods with his military might A thousand years later) (he; was buried; A thousand years later the first emperor of unified China was so determined to impress the gods with his military might with an army of terracotta soldiers)

The Romans were dedicated to military matters , leaving to posterity many treatises and writings , as well as a large number of lavishly carved triumphal arches and victory columns .

(triumphal arches and victory columns;carved;a large number) (The Romans;leaving;posterity many treatises and writings) (The Romans;dedicated;to military matters)

(military matters as well as a large number of lavishly carved triumphal arches and victory columns; be leaving; to posterity many treatises and writings) (The Romans; were dedicated; to military matters leaving to posterity many treatises and writings as well as a large number of lavishly carved triumphal arches and victory columns)

These two functions are performed by military historians and military theorists who seek to identify failures and success of the armed force , and integrate corrections into the military reform , with the aim of producing an improved force capable of performing adequately , should there be a national defence policy review .

(military historians and military theorists;integrate;corrections into the military reform with the aim of producing an improved force capable of performing adequately should there be a national defence policy review) (military historians and military theorists;seek;identify failures and success of the armed force , and integrate corrections into the military reform) (military historians and military theorists;identify;failures and success of the armed force) (military historians and military theorists;producing;an improved force capable of performing adequately) (an improved force;performing;adequately should there be a national defence policy review) (military historians and military theorists;performed;These two functions)

(These two functions; are performed; by military historians) (military theorists; should be; a national defense policy review there) (military theorists; seek; to identify failures and success of the armed force) (military theorists; seek; to integrate corrections into the military reform with the aim of producing an improved force capable of performing adequately)

The next significant advance came with the domestication of the horses and mastering of equestrianism .

(The next significant advance;came;the domestication of the horses and mastering of equestrianism) (The next significant advance;came;with the domestication of the horses)

(The next significant advance; came; with the domestication of the horses and mastering of equestrianism)

A military brat is a colloquial term for a child with at least one parent who served as an active duty member -LRB- vice reserve -RRB- in the armed forces .

(at least one parent;served;an active duty member -LRB- vice reserve -RRB- in the armed forces)

(an active duty member; is; vice reserve) (A military brat; is; a colloquial term for a child with at least one parent) (a colloquial term for a child with at least one parent; served; as an active duty member in the armed forces)

Children of armed forces members may move around to different military bases or international postings , which gives them a childhood differing from the norm .

(a childhood;differing;Children of armed forces members may move around to different military bases or international postings the norm) (Children of armed forces members;might move;to different military bases or international postings)

(a childhood; be differing; from the norm) (international postings; gives; them a childhood differing from the norm) (Children of armed forces members; may move around; to different military bases or international postings)

Unlike common usage of the term brat , when it is used in this context , it is not necessarily a derogatory term .

(the term brat;used;in this context , it is not necessarily a derogatory term)

(it; is used; in this context when) (it; is not; a derogatory term necessarily) (it; is not; a derogatory term when it is used in this context) (it; is not; a derogatory term Unlike common usage of the term brat)

The propaganda war that accompanied World War II invariably depicted the enemy in unflattering terms .

(The propaganda war that accompanied World War II;depicted;the enemy in unflattering terms) (The propaganda war;accompanied;World War II)

(The propaganda war; depicted; the enemy in unflattering terms invariably)

Examples of this exist not only in posters , but also in the films of Leni Riefenstahl and Sergei Eisenstein .

(Examples of this;exist;not only in posters , but also in the films of Leni Riefenstahl and Sergei Eisenstein)

(Examples of this; exist; not only in posters but also in the films of Leni Riefenstahl and Sergei Eisenstein)

Adaptation occurs through the gradual modification of existing structures .

(Adaptation;occurs;through the gradual modification of existing structures)

(Adaptation; occurs; through the gradual modification of existing structures)

This is the result of a single ancestral structure being adapted to function in different ways .

(a single ancestral structure;adapted;to function in different ways) (a single ancestral structure;function;in different ways)

(a single ancestral structure; be adapted; to function in different ways) (This; is; the result of a single ancestral structure being adapted to function in different ways)

However , since all living organisms are related to some extent , even organs that appear to have little or no structural similarity , such as arthropod , squid and vertebrate eyes , or the limbs and wings of arthropods and vertebrates , can depend on a common set of homologous genes that control their assembly and function ; this is called deep homology .

(organs;appear;have little or no structural similarity) (organs;have;little or no structural similarity) (a common set of homologous genes;control;their assembly and function) (this;called;deep homology)

(this; is called; deep homology) (their; has; assembly and function) (homologous genes; control; their assembly and function) (organs such as arthropod squid and vertebrate eyes or the limbs and wings of arthropods and vertebrates; appear; to have little or no structural similarity) (all living organisms; are related; to some extent even organs such as arthropod squid and vertebrate eyes or the limbs and wings of arthropods and vertebrates)

In terms of practical application , an understanding of evolution has been instrumental to developments in numerous scientific and industrial fields , including agriculture , human and veterinary medicine , and the life sciences in general .

(agriculture , human and veterinary medicine , and the life sciences in general;including;numerous scientific and industrial fields)

(an understanding of evolution; has been; instrumental In terms of practical application) (an understanding of evolution; has been; instrumental to developments in numerous scientific and industrial fields) (an understanding of evolution; has been; instrumental including agriculture human and veterinary medicine and the life sciences in general)

Discoveries in evolutionary biology have made a significant impact not just in the traditional branches of biology but also in other academic disciplines , including biological anthropology , and evolutionary psychology .

(other academic disciplines;including;biological anthropology , and evolutionary psychology) (Discoveries in evolutionary biology;made;a significant impact not just in the traditional branches of biology but also in other academic disciplines , including biological anthropology , and evolutionary psychology)

(Discoveries in evolutionary biology; have made; a significant impact including biological anthropology and evolutionary psychology) (Discoveries in evolutionary biology; have made; a significant impact not just in the traditional branches of biology but also in other academic disciplines)

Evolutionary computation , a sub-field of artificial intelligence , involves the application of Darwinian principles to problems in computer science .

(Evolutionary computation;involves;the application of Darwinian principles to problems in computer science)

(Evolutionary computation; is; a sub-field of artificial intelligence) (Evolutionary computation; involves; the application of Darwinian principles to problems in computer science)

Coalitions between organisms of the same species have also evolved .

(Coalitions;evolved;organisms of the same species)

(Coalitions between organisms of the same species; have evolved; also)

An extreme case is the eusociality found in social insects , such as bees , termites and ants , where sterile insects feed and guard the small number of organisms in a colony that are able to reproduce .

(sterile insects;guard;the small number of organisms in a colony that are able to reproduce) (eusociality;found;in social insects , such as bees , termites and ants)

(a colony; are; able to reproduce) (An extreme case; is; the eusociality found in social insects) (An extreme case; is; the eusociality such as bees termites and ants) (the eusociality such as bees termites and ants; be found; in social insects) (sterile insects; feed; the small number of organisms the eusociality found in social insects such as bees termites and ants where) (sterile insects; guard; the small number of organisms the eusociality found in social insects such as bees termites and ants where) (sterile insects; feed; the small number of organisms in a colony the eusociality found in social insects such as bees termites and ants) (sterile insects; guard; the small number of organisms in a colony the eusociality found in social insects such as bees termites and ants)

On an even smaller scale , the somatic cells that make up the body of an animal limit their reproduction so they can maintain a stable organism , which then supports a small number of the animal 's germ cells to produce offspring .

(the somatic cells;make;the body of an animal) (a stable organism;supports;a small number of the animal 's germ cells to produce offspring) (the animal 's germ cells;produce;offspring) (the somatic cells that make up the body of an animal;limit;their reproduction so they can maintain a stable organism , which then supports a small number of the animal 's germ cells to produce offspring) (a stable organism;can maintain;the somatic cells that make up the body of an animal limit their reproduction)

(their; has; reproduction) (the animal; has; germ cells) (they; can maintain; a stable organism) (the somatic cells; make up; the body of an animal) (a small number of the animal 's germ cells; to produce; offspring) (the somatic cells; limit; their reproduction On an even smaller scale) (the somatic cells; limit; their reproduction so they can maintain a stable organism) (a stable organism; supports; a small number of the animal 's germ cells to produce offspring)

Here , somatic cells respond to specific signals that instruct them whether to grow , remain as they are , or die .

(somatic cells;remain;as they are) (somatic cells;respond;Here specific signals that instruct them whether to grow , remain as they are , or die) (somatic cells;respond;Here to specific signals)

(somatic cells; respond; to specific signals Here) (specific signals; instruct; them whether to grow remain as they are or die)

If cells ignore these signals and multiply inappropriately , their uncontrolled growth causes cancer .

(cells;might ignore;these signals) (their uncontrolled growth;causes;cancer) (cells;multiply;inappropriately)

(cells; ignore; these signals) (their; has; uncontrolled growth) (cells; multiply; inappropriately) (their uncontrolled growth; causes; cancer If cells ignore these signals and multiply inappropriately)

Highly energetic chemistry is thought to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago , and half a billion years later the last common ancestor of all life existed .

(Highly energetic chemistry;thought;produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago , and half a billion years later the last common ancestor of all life existed) (Highly energetic chemistry;thought;have produced a self-replicating molecule) (Highly energetic chemistry;produced;a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago)

(Highly energetic chemistry; is thought; to have produced a self-replicating molecule the last common ancestor of all life existed) (Highly energetic chemistry; is thought; to have produced a self-replicating molecule half a billion years later the last common ancestor of all life existed) (Highly energetic chemistry; is thought; to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago the last common ancestor of all life existed) (Highly energetic chemistry; is thought; to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago half a billion years later the last common ancestor of all life existed)

The current scientific consensus is that the complex biochemistry that makes up life came from simpler chemical reactions .

(the complex biochemistry that makes up life;came;from simpler chemical reactions)

(the complex biochemistry; makes up; life) (the complex biochemistry; came; from simpler chemical reactions) (The current scientific consensus; is; that the complex biochemistry came from simpler chemical reactions)

The beginning of life may have included self-replicating molecules such as RNA and the assembly of simple cells .

(The beginning of life;included;self-replicating molecules such as RNA and the assembly of simple cells)

(The beginning of life; may have included; self-replicating molecules such as RNA and the assembly of simple cells)

The history of life was that of the unicellular eukaryotes , prokaryotes and archaea until about 610 million years ago when multicellular organisms began to appear in the oceans in the Ediacaran period .

(multicellular organisms;appear;in the oceans in the Ediacaran period) (about 610 million years ago;began;in the oceans)

(The history of life; was; that until about 610 million years ago) (The history of life; was; that of the unicellular eukaryotes prokaryotes and archaea) (multicellular organisms; began; to appear in the oceans in the Ediacaran period when) (The history of life; was; that when multicellular organisms began to appear in the oceans in the Ediacaran period)

The evolution of multicellularity occurred in multiple independent events , in organisms as diverse as sponges , brown algae , cyanobacteria , slime moulds and myxobacteria .

(The evolution of multicellularity;occurred;in multiple independent events in organisms as diverse as sponges , brown algae , cyanobacteria , slime moulds and myxobacteria)

(The evolution of multicellularity; occurred; in multiple independent events in organisms as diverse) (The evolution of multicellularity; occurred; in multiple independent events as sponges brown algae cyanobacteria slime moulds and myxobacteria)

In January 2016 , scientists reported that , about 800 million years ago , a minor genetic change in a single molecule called GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells .

(a minor genetic change in a single molecule called GK-PID;allowed;organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells) (scientists;reported;In January 2016 that , about 800 million years ago , a minor genetic change in a single molecule called GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells) (a single molecule;called;GK-PID)

(GK-PID; may have allowed; organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells) (a minor genetic change in a single molecule; called; GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells) (scientists; reported; that about 800 million years ago a minor genetic change in a single molecule called GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells In January 2016)

In Russia and the Soviet Union , the boundary along the Kuma -- Manych Depression was the most commonly used as early as 1906 .

(the boundary along the Kuma -- Manych Depression;used;In Russia and the Soviet Union as early as 1906)

(In Russia and the Soviet Union the most; be used; commonly as 1906) (In Russia and the Soviet Union the most; be used; commonly as early) (the boundary along the Kuma Manych Depression; was; the most In Russia and the Soviet Union) (the boundary along the Kuma Manych Depression; was; the most commonly used as early as 1906)

In 1958 , the Soviet Geographical Society formally recommended that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay , on the Kara Sea , along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains , then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills , and then the Emba River ; and Kuma -- Manych Depression , thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe .

(In 1958;drawn;in textbooks) (In 1958;drawn;the boundary between the Europe and Asia) (the Soviet Geographical Society;placing;the Caucasus entirely in Asia) (the Soviet Geographical Society;recommended;In 1958 that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay , on the Kara Sea , along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains , then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills , and then the Emba River ; and Kuma -- Manych Depression)

(the eastern foot of Ural Mountains; placing; the Caucasus entirely entirely in Europe) (the eastern foot of Ural Mountains; placing; the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals) (the boundary between the Europe and Asia; be drawn; in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay on the Kara Sea) (the eastern foot of Ural Mountains; placing; the Caucasus entirely then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills and then the Emba River and Kuma Manych Depression) (the boundary between the Europe and Asia; be drawn; in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills and then the Emba River and Kuma Manych Depression thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe) (the Soviet Geographical Society; recommended; that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay on the Kara Sea along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills and then the Emba River and Kuma Manych Depression thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe In 1958) (the Soviet Geographical Society; recommended; that the boundary between the Europe and Asia be drawn in textbooks from Baydaratskaya Bay on the Kara Sea along the eastern foot of Ural Mountains then following the Ural River until the Mugodzhar Hills and then the Emba River and Kuma Manych Depression thus placing the Caucasus entirely in Asia and the Urals entirely in Europe formally)

However , most geographers in the Soviet Union favoured the boundary along the Caucasus crest and this became the standard convention in the later 20th century , although the Kuma -- Manych boundary remained in use in some 20th-century maps .

(most geographers;favoured;the boundary along the Caucasus crest) (the boundary along the Caucasus crest;became;in the later 20th century)

(this; became; the standard convention in the later 20th century) (most geographers in the Soviet Union; favored; the boundary However) (Manych boundary; the Kuma remained; in use in some 20th-century maps) (the Kuma; Manych boundary remained; in use in some 20th-century maps) (most geographers in the Soviet Union; favored; the boundary along the Caucasus crest) (this; became; the standard convention although the Kuma Manych boundary remained in use in some 20th-century maps)

The period between the year 1000 and 1300 is known as the High Middle Ages , during which the population of Europe experienced significant growth , culminating in the Renaissance of the 12th century .

(The period between the year 1000 and 1300;known;the High Middle Ages) (the population of Europe;experienced;The period between the year 1000 and 1300 significant growth) (the population of Europe;experienced;the High Middle Ages significant growth)

(1000 and 1300; is known; as the High Middle Ages) (the population of Europe; experienced; significant growth during the High Middle Ages) (The period between the year 1000 and 1300 is known as the High Middle Ages of the 12th century; be culminating; in the Renaissance)

Economic growth , together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes , made possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas .

(Economic growth , together with the lack of safety on the mainland trading routes;made;possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas)

(Economic growth; made; possible the development of major commercial routes along the coast of the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas)

The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities gave the Maritime Republics a leading role in the European scene .

(growing wealth and independence;gave;a leading role in the European scene) (some coastal cities;acquired;The growing wealth and independence) (the Maritime Republics;leading;role in the European scene)

(The growing wealth and independence; be acquired; by some coastal cities) (The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities; gave; the Maritime Republics a leading role in the European scene)

The Papacy reached the height of its power during the High Middle Ages .

(The Papacy;reached;the height of its power during the High Middle Ages)

(its; has; power) (The Papacy; reached; the height of its power during the High Middle Ages)

An East-West Schism in 1054 split the former Roman Empire religiously , with the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire .

(the former Roman Empire;split;in 1054 religiously)

(An East-West Schism in 1054; split; the former Roman Empire religiously) (An East-West Schism in 1054; split; the former Roman Empire with the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Catholic Church in the former Western Roman Empire)

In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade against Muslims occupying Jerusalem and the Holy Land .

(Muslims;occupying;Jerusalem and the Holy Land) (Pope Urban II;called;In 1095 for a crusade against Muslims occupying Jerusalem and the Holy Land)

(Pope Urban II; called; for a crusade In 1095) (Pope Urban II; called; for a crusade against Muslims occupying Jerusalem and the Holy Land)

In Europe itself , the Church organised the Inquisition against heretics .

(the Church;organised;In Europe the Inquisition against heretics)

(the Church; organised; the Inquisition In Europe itself) (the Church; organised; the Inquisition against heretics)

In Spain , the Reconquista concluded with the fall of Granada in 1492 , ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula .

(the Reconquista;concluded;In Spain with the fall of Granada in 1492) (the Reconquista concluded with the fall of Granada;ending;Spain in 1492) (the Reconquista concluded with the fall of Granada;ending;in 1492 in the Iberian Peninsula)

(the Reconquista; concluded; in 1492 ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula) (the Reconquista; concluded; ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula In Spain) (the Reconquista; concluded; with the fall of Granada ending over seven centuries of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula)

The Great Famine of 1315 -- 1317 was the first crisis that would strike Europe in the late Middle Ages .

(the first crisis;would strike;Europe in the late Middle Ages)

(the first crisis; would strike; Europe in the late Middle Ages)

The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss .

(the heaviest loss;witnessed;between 1348 and 1420)

(The period between 1348 and 1420; witnessed; the heaviest loss)

The population of France was reduced by half .

(The population of France;reduced;by half)

(The population of France; was reduced; by half)

Medieval Britain was afflicted by 95 famines , and France suffered the effects of 75 or more in the same period .

(France;suffered;the effects of 75 or more in the same period) (Medieval Britain;afflicted;95 famines)

(Medieval Britain; was afflicted; by 95 famines) (France; suffered; the effects of 75 or more in the same period)

Europe was devastated in the mid-14th century by the Black Death , one of the most deadly pandemics in human history which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe alone -- a third of the European population at the time .

(Europe;devastated;in the mid-14th century by the Black Death) (the Black Death;killed;in the mid-14th century an estimated 25 million people in Europe alone)

(Europe; was devastated; in the mid-14th century by the Black Death) (the Black Death; is; one of the most deadly pandemics in human history a third of the European population at the time) (one of the most deadly pandemics in human history a third of the European population at the time; killed; an estimated 25 million people alone) (one of the most deadly pandemics in human history a third of the European population at the time; killed; an estimated 25 million people in Europe)

The Church 's power was further weakened by the Protestant Reformation -LRB- 1517 -- 1648 -RRB- , initially sparked by the works of German theologian Martin Luther , an attempt to start a reform within the Church .

(the works of German theologian Martin Luther;sparked;the Protestant Reformation) (The Church 's power;weakened;the Protestant Reformation -LRB- 1517 -- 1648 -RRB-)

(The Church; has; power) (German theologian Martin Luther; is; an attempt) (the Protestant Reformation 1517 1648; be sparked; initially to start a reform within the Church) (the Protestant Reformation 1517 1648; be sparked; initially by the works of German theologian Martin Luther to start a reform within the Church) (The Church 's power; was weakened; by the Protestant Reformation 1517 1648 initially sparked by the works of German theologian Martin Luther to start a reform within the Church further)

The Reformation also damaged the Holy Roman Emperor 's influence , as German princes became divided between Protestant and Roman Catholic faiths .

(The Reformation;damaged;the Holy Roman Emperor 's influence) (German princes;divided;Protestant and Roman Catholic faiths) (German princes;became;divided)

(the Holy Roman Emperor; has; influence as German princes) (the Holy Roman Emperor 's influence as German princes; became divided; between Protestant and Roman Catholic faiths) (The Reformation; damaged; the Holy Roman Emperor 's influence as German princes became divided between Protestant and Roman Catholic faiths also)

This eventually led to the Thirty Years War -LRB- 1618 -- 1648 -RRB- , which crippled the Holy Roman Empire and devastated much of Germany , killing between 25 and 40 percent of its population .

(This;led;the Thirty Years War) (the Thirty Years War;crippled;the Holy Roman Empire)

(its; has; population) (This; led; to the Thirty Years War 1618 1648 eventually) (the Thirty Years War 1618 1648; crippled; the Holy Roman Empire) (devastated much of Germany; be killing; between 25 and 40 percent of its population) (the Thirty Years War 1618 1648; devastated; much of Germany killing between 25 and 40 percent of its population)

In the aftermath of the Peace of Westphalia , France rose to predominance within Europe .

(France;rose;predominance within Europe)

(France; rose; to predominance within Europe In the aftermath of the Peace of Westphalia)

World War I and especially World War II diminished the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs .

(World War I and especially World War II;diminished;the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs)

(World War I and especially World War II; diminished; the eminence of Western Europe in world affairs)

The United States and Western Europe established the NATO alliance and later the Soviet Union and Central Europe established the Warsaw Pact .

(the Soviet Union and Central Europe;established;the Warsaw Pact) (The United States and Western Europe;established;the NATO alliance)

(The United States and Western Europe; established; the NATO alliance) (the Soviet Union and Central Europe; established; the Warsaw Pact later)

A number of insects , such as the small tortoiseshell butterfly , add to the biodiversity .

(A number of insects;add;the biodiversity) (the small tortoiseshell butterfly;add;the biodiversity)

(A number of insects such as the small tortoiseshell butterfly; add; to the biodiversity)

By the millennium change , the EU dominated the economy of Europe comprising the five largest European economies of the time namely Germany , the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and Spain .

(the five largest European economies of the time;comprising;By the millennium change) (the EU;dominated;By the millennium change the economy of Europe)

(Europe; be comprising; the five largest European economies of the time) (the EU; dominated; the economy of Europe comprising the five largest European economies of the time By the millennium change)

In 1999 , 12 of the 15 members of the EU joined the Eurozone replacing their former national currencies by the common euro .

(their former national currencies;replacing;In 1999 the common euro)

(their; has; former national currencies) (12 of the 15 members of the EU; joined; the Eurozone replacing their former national currencies In 1999) (12 of the 15 members of the EU; joined; the Eurozone replacing their former national currencies by the common euro In 1999)

The three who chose to remain outside the Eurozone were : the United Kingdom , Denmark , and Sweden .

(The three;chose;to remain outside the Eurozone) (the United Kingdom , Denmark , and Sweden;chose;to remain outside the Eurozone) (The three;remain;outside the Eurozone were)

(The three; chose; to remain outside the Eurozone) (The three; were; the United Kingdom Denmark and Sweden)

Emigration from Europe began with Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the 16th century , and French and English settlers in the 17th century .

(Emigration from Europe;began;with Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the 16th century)

(Emigration from Europe; began; with Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the 16th century and French and English settlers in the 17th century)

But numbers remained relatively small until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century , when millions of poor families left Europe .

(numbers;remained;relatively small until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century , when millions of poor families left Europe) (millions of poor families;left;until waves of mass emigration in the 19th century)

(numbers; remained; But small relatively) (millions of poor families; left; Europe when) (numbers; remained; But small until waves of mass emigration) (numbers; remained; But small in the 19th century when millions of poor families left Europe)

Slavic languages are most spoken by the number of native speakers in Europe , they are spoken in Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe .

(native speakers in Europe;spoken;Slavic languages) (native speakers in Europe;spoken;Slavic languages in Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe)

(Slavic languages; are spoken; by the number of native speakers in Europe most) (they; are spoken; Slavic languages are most spoken by the number of native speakers in Europe in Central Eastern and Southeastern Europe)

Romance languages are spoken primarily in south-western Europe as well as in Romania and Moldova , in Eastern Europe .

(Romance languages;spoken;primarily in south-western Europe as well as in Romania and Moldova , in Eastern Europe)

(Romance languages; are spoken; primarily in Eastern Europe) (Romance languages; are spoken; primarily in south-western Europe as well as in Romania and Moldova)

Germanic languages are spoken in Northern Europe , the British Isles and some parts of Central Europe .

(Germanic languages;spoken;in Northern Europe , the British Isles and some parts of Central Europe)

(Germanic languages; are spoken; in Northern Europe the British Isles and some parts of Central Europe)

In Bruce Russell 's article `` A Priori Justification and Knowledge '' he says that it is `` knowledge based on a priori justification , '' -LRB- 1 -RRB- which relies on intuition and the nature of these intuitions .

(knowledge;based;a priori justification) (Bruce Russell 's;says;In article that it is `` knowledge based on a priori justification , '' -LRB- 1 -RRB- which relies on intuition and the nature of these intuitions .) (Bruce Russell 's;says;article `` A Priori Justification and Knowledge '' that it is `` knowledge based on a priori justification , '' -LRB- 1 -RRB- which relies on intuition and the nature of these intuitions .) (knowledge based on a priori justification;relies;intuition and the nature of these intuitions)

(a priori justification; is; 1) (a priori justification; relies; on intuition) (Bruce Russell; has; article A Priori Justification and Knowledge) (it; is; knowledge and the nature of these intuitions based on a priori justification) (that knowledge and the nature of these intuitions; be based; on a priori justification) (he; says; that it is knowledge based on a priori justification and the nature of these intuitions In Bruce Russell 's article A Priori Justification and Knowledge)

A priori knowledge is often contrasted with posteriori knowledge , which is knowledge gained by experience .

(knowledge;gained;experience)

(knowledge; be gained; by experience) (posteriori knowledge; is; knowledge gained by experience) (A priori knowledge; is contrasted; with posteriori knowledge often)

A way to look at the difference between the two is through an example .

(at the difference between the two is through an example;look;A way)

(A way to look at the difference between the two; is; through an example)

Bruce Russell gives two propositions in which the reader decides which one he believes more .

(the reader;decides;which one he believes more) (reader;will believes;propositions) (Bruce Russell;gives;two propositions)

(he; believes; which one more) (Bruce Russell; gives; two propositions) (the reader; decides; which one he believes more in two propositions)

The Carvaka school of materialists only accepted the pramana of perception and hence were one of the first empiricists .

(The Carvaka school of materialists;accepted;only the pramana of perception)

(The Carvaka school of materialists; were; one only) (The Carvaka school of materialists; were; one hence) (The Carvaka school of materialists; were; one of the first empiricists) (The Carvaka school of materialists; accepted; the pramana of perception only)

Epistemologists argue over whether belief is the proper truth-bearer .

(Epistemologists;argue;whether belief is the proper truth-bearer)

(belief; is; the proper truth-bearer) (Epistemologists; argue over; whether belief is the proper truth-bearer)

Some would rather describe knowledge as a system of justified true propositions , and others as a system of justified true sentences .

(Some;describe;knowledge a system of justified true propositions) (Some;describe;knowledge a system of justified true sentences)

(Some; would describe; knowledge rather) (Some; would describe; knowledge as a system of justified true propositions and others as a system of justified true sentences)

Plato , in his Gorgias , argues that belief is the most commonly invoked truth-bearer .

(Plato;argues;in his Gorgias that belief is the most commonly invoked truth-bearer)

(his; has; Gorgias) (belief; is; the most commonly invoked truth-bearer) (Plato in his Gorgias; argues; that belief is the most commonly invoked truth-bearer)

Adjectives may precede or follow nouns ; subjects , verbs and objects may occur in any order .

(subjects , verbs and objects;occur;in any order) (Adjectives;can precede;nouns ; subjects , verbs and objects) (Adjectives;can follow;nouns)

(Adjectives; may follow; nouns) (Adjectives; may precede; nouns) (subjects verbs and objects; may occur; in any order)

Critics feel there are too many roots .

(Critics;feel;there are too many roots)

(Critics; feel; there are too many roots)

Instead of derivations of Esperanto roots , new roots are taken from European languages in the endeavor to create an international language .

(new roots;taken;European languages) (an international language;create;new roots are taken from European languages)

(new roots; are taken; from European languages in the endeavor to create an international language Instead of derivations of Esperanto roots)

Additionally , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland offers a diploma in Interlinguistics .

(Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland;offers;a diploma in Interlinguistics)

(Adam Mickiewicz University in Poland; offers; a diploma in Interlinguistics Additionally)

The Senate of Brazil passed a bill in 2009 that would make Esperanto an optional part of the curriculum in public schools , although mandatory if there is demand for it .

(a bill;make;in 2009 Esperanto an optional part of the curriculum in public schools) (The Senate of Brazil;passed;a bill in 2009)

(The Senate of Brazil; passed; a bill in 2009) (a bill in 2009; would make; Esperanto an optional part of the curriculum in public schools) (a bill in 2009; would make; Esperanto an optional part of the curriculum although mandatory if there is demand for it)