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Around 19 : 30 , Admiral John Jellicoe 's main force of battleships entered the battle ; Orion began firing at Markgraf at 19 : 32 ; she fired four salvos of 13 @.@ 5 @-@ inch Armor @-@ Piercing , Capped ( APC ) shells and scored a hit with the last salvo . The shell exploded upon impacting the armor protecting the No... | c131c999fee1d950e977ea7267d9637f | 2,013 |
Shortly after 20 : 00 , the German battleships engaged the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron ; Markgraf fired primarily 15 cm shells . In this period , Markgraf was engaged by Agincourt 's 12 @-@ inch guns , which scored a single hit at 20 : 14 . The shell failed to explode and shattered on impact on the 8 @-@ inch side armo... | dc7c56b8877da0b4801726060a9eace5 | 2,014 |
Around 02 : 45 , several British destroyers mounted a torpedo attack against the rear half of the German line . Markgraf initially held her fire as the identities of the destroyers were unknown . But gunners aboard Grosser Kurfürst correctly identified the vessels as hostile and opened fire while turning away to avoid... | 5195cfc939de2e008fb8a6b48103a120 | 2,015 |
The High Seas Fleet managed to punch through the British light forces without drawing the attention of Jellicoe 's battleships , and subsequently reached Horns Reef by 04 : 00 on 1 June . Upon reaching Wilhelmshaven , Markgraf went into harbor while several other battleships took up defensive positions in the outer ro... | 8fa39582e1763c855b17e421e4e363e9 | 2,016 |
= = = Subsequent operations = = =
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Following repairs in July 1916 , Markgraf went into the Baltic for trials . The ship was then temporarily assigned to the I Scouting Group for the fleet operation on 18 – 19 August . Due to the serious damage incurred by Seydlitz and Derfflinger at Jutland , the only battlecruisers available for the operation were Von... | 981b87251b5bc0b991d58cac56a096b8 | 2,020 |
Markgraf was present for the uneventful advance in the direction of Sunderland on 18 – 20 October . Unit training with the III Squadron followed from 21 October to 2 November . Two days later , the ship formally rejoined III Squadron . On the 5th , a pair of U @-@ boats grounded on the Danish coast . Light forces were... | 0b085b87350ac29e65c7e1f4eab78640 | 2,021 |
= = = Operation Albion = = =
| 2d47937ff8a9eeea1be55c20396cc1cb | 2,023 |
In early September 1917 , following the German conquest of the Russian port of Riga , the German navy decided to eliminate the Russian naval forces that still held the Gulf of Riga . The Admiralstab ( Navy High Command ) planned an operation to seize the Baltic island of Ösel , and specifically the Russian gun batteri... | b328471e07b586328081c5f2f0f5bbb5 | 2,025 |
Opposing the Germans were the old Russian pre @-@ dreadnoughts Slava and Tsesarevich , the armored cruisers Bayan , Admiral Makarov , and Diana , 26 destroyers , and several torpedo boats and gunboats . Three British C @-@ class submarines where also stationed in the Gulf . The Irben Strait , the main southern entranc... | 8d1fd1d4f42c7b18e57525fd82fdd346 | 2,026 |
The operation began on 12 October , when Moltke and the four König @-@ class ships covered the landing of ground troops by suppressing the shore batteries covering Tagga Bay . Markgraf fired on the battery located on Cape Ninnast . After the successful amphibious assault , III Squadron steamed to Putziger Wiek , altho... | 45985a03b7b2affb9183fd88f1d0055b | 2,027 |
Markgraf struck a pair of mines in quick succession while in the Irben Strait and took in 260 metric tons ( 260 long tons ; 290 short tons ) of water . The ship continued on to Kiel via Neufahrwasser in Danzig ; she then went on to Wilhelmshaven , where the mine damage was repaired . The work was completed at the Impe... | b22c9e5cc88a36423a71b50b26f50f6a | 2,028 |
= = = Fate = = =
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Markgraf and her three sisters were to have taken part in a final fleet action at the end of October 1918 , days before the Armistice was to take effect . The bulk of the High Seas Fleet was to have sortied from their base in Wilhelmshaven to engage the British Grand Fleet . Scheer — by now the Grand Admiral ( Großadm... | 7455e05c0973df03b2d1fb54149967bd | 2,032 |
Following the capitulation of Germany in November 1918 , most of the High Seas Fleet ships , under the command of Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter , were interned in the British naval base in Scapa Flow . Prior to the departure of the German fleet , Admiral Adolf von Trotha made clear to von Reuter that he could not all... | 6797152a2047924fa497f746910e53cf | 2,033 |
The fleet remained in captivity during the negotiations that ultimately produced the Treaty of Versailles . Von Reuter believed that the British intended to seize the German ships on 21 June 1919 , which was the deadline for Germany to have signed the peace treaty . Unaware that the deadline had been extended to the 2... | 431c176302b78af3c56ae056e979b068 | 2,034 |
Markgraf was never raised for scrapping , unlike most of the other capital ships that were scuttled . Markgraf and her two sisters had sunk in deeper water than the other capital ships , which made any salvage attempt more difficult . The outbreak of World War II in 1939 put a halt to all salvage operations , and afte... | 95703d0b3801b978a10c190bcff7e861 | 2,035 |
= Coldrum Long Barrow =
| 36643b51248b400458930baaa47c8a0f | 2,038 |
The Coldrum Long Barrow , also known as the Coldrum Stones and the Adscombe Stones , is a chambered long barrow located near to the village of Trottiscliffe in the south @-@ eastern English county of Kent . Constructed circa 4000 BCE , during Britain 's Early Neolithic period , today it survives only in a ruined state... | 43c283cec050984777bea92959198b0f | 2,040 |
Archaeologists have established that the monument was built by pastoralist communities shortly after the introduction of agriculture to Britain from continental Europe . Although representing part of an architectural tradition of long barrow building that was widespread across Neolithic Europe , the Coldrum Stones bel... | a8aaf0da62fb20fd6dcd718b4cde3375 | 2,041 |
Built out of earth and around fifty local sarsen megaliths , the long barrow consisted of a sub @-@ rectangular earthen tumulus enclosed by kerb @-@ stones . Within the eastern end of the tumulus was a stone chamber , into which human remains were deposited on at least two separate occasions during the Early Neolithic... | 7ee79af23b429e15cbc0ab33d18266fd | 2,042 |
After the Early Neolithic , the long barrow fell into a state of ruined dilapidation , perhaps experiencing deliberate deposition in the late medieval period , either by Christian zealots or treasure hunters . Local folklore grew up around the site , associating it with the burial of a prince and the countless stones ... | c86969587b5884da8814a39c47c64d77 | 2,043 |
= = Name and location = =
| c60efecf7c38677f9c963c13e178da2c | 2,045 |
The Coldrum Stones are named after a nearby farm , Coldrum Lodge , which has since been demolished . The monument lies in a " rather isolated site " north @-@ east of the nearby village of Trottiscliffe , about 500 metres from a prehistoric track known as the Pilgrim 's Way . The tomb can be reached along a pathway kn... | 16adeed9268b4fef88ef83f9d3cfed7b | 2,047 |
= = Context = =
| 211f87a72b4b1c57f00417fb08a9d405 | 2,049 |
= = = Early Neolithic Britain = = =
| e56078f09f123213541d4e16c367d891 | 2,052 |
The Early Neolithic was a revolutionary period of British history . Beginning in the fifth millennium BCE , it saw a widespread change in lifestyle as the communities living in the British Isles adopted agriculture as their primary form of subsistence , abandoning the hunter @-@ gatherer lifestyle that had characteris... | ac62cfdaac2cc503711eb28ba365b974 | 2,054 |
Between 4500 and 3800 BCE , all of the British Isles came to abandon its former Mesolithic hunter @-@ gatherer lifestyle , to be replaced by the new agricultural subsistence of the Neolithic Age . Although a common material culture was shared throughout most of the British Isles in this period , there was great region... | 36b408b45706dfa734533271ebf1b2d2 | 2,055 |
= = = The tomb building tradition = = =
| 90f95fe1cc0ec4f4b7c267dd551876f5 | 2,057 |
Across Western Europe , the Early Neolithic marked the first period in which humans built monumental structures in the landscape . These were tombs that held the physical remains of the dead , and though sometimes constructed out of timber , many were built using large stones , now known as " megaliths " . Individuals... | d4b705fdecda469bc27eb6d59c08a8b9 | 2,059 |
The Early Neolithic people of Britain placed far greater emphasis on the ritualised burial of the dead than their Mesolithic forebears had done . Many archaeologists have suggested that this is because Early Neolithic people adhered to an ancestor cult that venerated the spirits of the dead , believing that they could... | 0d9e02b837ab596788d0a2058b45ae52 | 2,060 |
In Britain , these tombs were typically located on prominent hills and slopes overlooking the surrounding landscape , perhaps at the junction between different territories . Archaeologist Caroline Malone noted that the tombs would have served as one of a variety of markers in the landscape that conveyed information on... | ce8893ec2ea4d69a9ea34c831e2f48ef | 2,061 |
Archaeologists have differentiated these Early Neolithic tombs into a variety of different architectural styles , each typically associated with a different region within the British Isles . Passage graves , characterised by their narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers covered in earth... | 2b0f54692e17547e5853ebf06993d78c | 2,062 |
= = = The Medway Megaliths = = =
| aea2748fd8991a30185ddc36937dad92 | 2,064 |
Although now all in a ruinous state and not retaining their original appearance , at the time of construction the Medway Megaliths would have been some of the largest and most visually imposing Early Neolithic funerary monuments in Britain . Grouped along the River Medway as it cuts through the North Downs , they cons... | e3d5e225960686d3a78af885a135788d | 2,066 |
They can be divided into two separate clusters : one to the west of the River Medway and the other on Blue Bell Hill to the east , with the distance between the two clusters measuring at between 8 and 10 km . The western group includes Coldrum Long Barrow , Addington Long Barrow , and the Chestnuts Long Barrow . The e... | e43a8814f504b5ebe2275d28d1a8f728 | 2,067 |
The Medway long barrows all conformed to the same general design plan , and are all aligned on an east to west axis . Each had a stone chamber at the eastern end of the mound , and they each probably had a stone facade flanking the entrance . The chambers were constructed from sarsen , a dense , hard , and durable sto... | 472a5c42cbc294da36d2105496e5dfeb | 2,068 |
Such common architectural features among these tomb @-@ shrines indicate a strong regional cohesion with no direct parallels elsewhere in the British Isles . For instance , they would have been taller than most other tomb @-@ shrines in Britain , with internal heights of up to 10 ft . Nevertheless , as with other regi... | 11c171857b56c922492ceb49e7f8b652 | 2,069 |
It seems apparent that the people who built these monuments were influenced by pre @-@ existing tomb @-@ shrines that they were already aware of . Whether those people had grown up locally , or moved into the Medway area from elsewhere is not known . Based on a stylistic analysis of their architectural designs , Stuar... | ca28d519dbcaa096aba889b9114b26f6 | 2,070 |
= = Design and construction = =
| 21c1fe7eae77cc120400a18d09be7194 | 2,072 |
The monument originally consisted of a sarsen stone chamber , covered by a low earthen mound , which was bounded by prostrate slabs . As such , the archaeologist Paul Ashbee asserted that the monument could be divided into three particular features : the chamber , the barrow , and the sarsen stone surround . It is loc... | 5a1fcfba1742ff0f03e039980f5733e1 | 2,074 |
It had been built using about 50 stones . The barrow is sub @-@ rectangular in plan , and about 20 meters ( 64 feet ) in length . At its broader , eastern end , where the chamber is located , the monument measures 15 metres ( 50 feet ) , while at the narrower , western end , it is 12 metres ( 40 feet ) in breadth . As... | 549f3d57b8e4daa5cec7053c33ac828c | 2,075 |
The chamber of the monument measures 4 @.@ 5 metres ( 13 feet ) in length , and 1 @.@ 7 metres ( 5 feet 6 inches ) in width , although it was potentially much larger when originally constructed . The chamber 's internal height would have been at least 2 metres ( 6 feet 6 inches ) . In its current state , the northern ... | 14b815b4a32af8c75740db9162137c5c | 2,076 |
It is possible that there was a facade in front of the chamber , as is evident at other chambered tombs in Britain , such as West Kennet Long Barrow and Wayland 's Smithy . It is also possible that there was a portal stone atop the chamber , as was apparent at Kit 's Coty House and Lower Kit 's Coty House . Many of th... | a4220b585b9c53aeecc487040823df3d | 2,077 |
The earthen mound that once covered the tomb is now visible only as an undulation approximately 1 foot , 6 inches in height . In the nineteenth @-@ century , the mound was higher on the western end of the tomb , although this was removed by excavation to reveal the sarsens beneath during the 1920s . It is likely that ... | 7a141c5526f140c78a700f52ea380a9b | 2,078 |
The kerb @-@ stones around the tomb display some patterning ; those on the northern side are mostly rectilinear , while those on the southern side are smaller and largely irregular in shape . It is probable that there was an ancillary dry @-@ stone wall constructed using blocks of ironstone from the geological Folkest... | ece307315dacfbfece0fea3c87524f19 | 2,079 |
A concave line of abrasion and polishing can be found on both one of the central kerb @-@ stones on the western end of the monument and a kerb @-@ stone on the south @-@ east of the monument . These have been attributed to the sharpening of flint and other stone axe @-@ blades on these sarsens . It is possible that th... | 818e22391feca0899c2af5542d64bdc5 | 2,080 |
Coldrum Long Barrow is comparatively isolated from the other Medway Megaliths ; in this it is unique , given that the other surviving examples are clustered into two groups . However , it is possible that another chambered tomb was located nearby ; a razed , elongated earthen mound with an east @-@ west orientation is... | c8b1f559ddd0c274ee49569709aeec7a | 2,081 |
= = Human remains = =
| 5794fd7a81707b139dacabc466f115b4 | 2,083 |
= = = Demographics = = =
| 7869154821a01dadc434bd596159fdb9 | 2,086 |
Ashbee suggested that given its size and comparisons with other long barrows , such as Fussell 's Lodge , the Coldrum tomb could have housed the remains of over a hundred individuals . Excavations conducted in the early 20th century have led to the methodical discovery and removal of what was believed to be the remain... | bd3ea36b1bc4865ef53fffa6ebd146ee | 2,088 |
A subsequent re @-@ analysis of the bones was conducted in the early 21st century , and published in the Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society in 2013 : the project presented " osteological analysis , Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates , and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis to inform on the demography... | 8a1481f2058514c9ec9fe72ecdc96daa | 2,089 |
Keith had suggested that the crania he examined displayed similar features , which he attributed to the different individuals belonging to " one family - or several families united by common descent . " Similar observations had been made regarding the crania from other long barrows in Britain , although osteoarchaeolo... | 583318499a8f11c91b7255108313e4b7 | 2,090 |
Wysocki 's team noted that in all but one case , the fracture morphologies are consistent with dry @-@ bone breakage . Three of the skulls exhibited evidence that they had experienced violence ; a probable adult female had an unhealed injury on the left frontal , while an adult of indeterminate sex had an unhealed fra... | 2ffb38b47783b8daadc7d35119ff057f | 2,091 |
Isotope analysis of the remains revealed δ13C values that were typical of those found at many other Southern British Neolithic sites , albeit with significantly higher values of δ15C , which grew over time . Although this data is difficult to interpret , it was identified as probably reflecting a terrestrial diet high... | 5f0b83ac2e3644fa7155cea10244a8e9 | 2,092 |
Radiocarbon dating of the remains suggested Early Neolithic activity began at the site during 3980 – 3800 calibrated BCE ( 95 % probability ) or 3960 – 3880 cal BCE ( 68 % probability ) , when the first human remains were buried at the site . It then suggested that after an interval of either 60 – 350 years ( 95 % pro... | 3ce0f4b52db88d88f56972afdf6de1a8 | 2,093 |
= = = Post @-@ mortem deposition = = =
| 43175d18633f6ab443cefee7647dc7a1 | 2,095 |
Cut @-@ marks were identified on a number of the bones ( two femora , two innominates , and one cranium ) , with osteoarchaeological specialists suggesting that these had been created post @-@ mortem as the bodies were dismembered and the bones removed from their attached ligaments . However , they further suggested t... | 452d10d6731b95d77ce127f4be476025 | 2,097 |
This cut @-@ marked human bone assemblage represented the largest yet identified from within a Neolithic long barrow in Southern Britain , although similar evidence for dismemberment has been found from a number of other Neolithic British sites , such as West Trump , Eyford , Aldestrop , and Haddenham . There are two ... | 663511a2751244f8187d815beff20af3 | 2,098 |
The inclusion of occupational debris over the bones was not unique to the site but common in chambered tombs from southern England . On the basis of an example discovered at Kit 's Coty House , Ashbee thought it apparent that the contents of the Coldrum 's chamber would have been compartmentalised by medial slabs , wh... | 54c512e7daeabbc79fb8ff5bd117cc47 | 2,099 |
= = Damage and dilapidation = =
| a324b10754091b4af6da8038856aa4d9 | 2,101 |
All of the surviving megalithic tombs from the Early Neolithic period have suffered from neglect and the ravages of agriculture . Although archaeologist Paul Ashbee noted that the Coldrum Stones represent " Kent 's least damaged megalithic long barrow " , it too has suffered considerable damage , having become dilapid... | 6a227d3b6bf21298ab38a75747f9c3b8 | 2,103 |
Excavation of Chestnuts Long Barrow revealed that it had been systematically destroyed in one event , and Ashbee suggested that the same may have happened to the Coldrum Stones . He believed that the kerb @-@ stones around the barrow were toppled , laid prostrate in the surrounding ditch , and then buried during the l... | 20cca0bebc707c0161edc3829743888d | 2,104 |
= = Folklore and folk tradition = =
| 16dc0d6b9f3d255d1aaa48fff7841dc6 | 2,106 |
In a 1946 paper published in the Folklore journal , John H. Evans recorded the existence of a local folk belief that a battle was fought at the site of the Coldrum Stones , and that a " Black Prince " was buried within its chamber . He suggested that the tales of battles taking place at this site and at other Medway M... | 1cf8799cb7962bb56831a273490d501a | 2,108 |
Evans also recorded that there was a folk belief in the area that applied to all of the Medway megaliths and which had been widespread " up to the last generation " ; this was that it was impossible for any human being to successfully count the number of stones in the monuments . This " countless stones " motif is not... | 3ee081a486e561ffe2d39c9d64f36bc6 | 2,109 |
In the early twenty @-@ first century , a tradition developed in which the Hartley Morris Men , a morris dancing side , travel to the site at dawn every May Day in order to " sing up the sun " . This consists of a number of dances performed within the stones on top of the barrow , followed by a song performed at the b... | 7b55317395e9d9d0e49ad2b7609b6711 | 2,110 |
= = Antiquarian and archaeological investigation = =
| dee2ba19368badad4db9de6c609e412f | 2,112 |
= = = Early antiquarian descriptions = = =
| 34a8fef2385e24194fec620fddf65b3e | 2,115 |
The earliest antiquarian accounts of Coldrum Long Barrow were never published . There are claims that at the start of the nineteenth century , the Reverend Mark Noble , Rector of Barming , prepared a plan of the site for Gentleman 's Magazine , although no copies have been produced to verify this . Between 1842 and 18... | 54d8d3eb25620c93d16358f29ce137ff | 2,117 |
In 1857 , the antiquarian J. M. Kemble excavated at the site with the help of the Reverend Larking , providing a report of their findings to the Central Committee of the British Archaeological Association . Describing the monument as a stone circle , they asserted that they discovered Anglo @-@ Saxon pottery at the si... | 03b98ee14840864d33cfd05d3772ba21 | 2,118 |
In 1869 , the antiquarian A. L. Lewis first visited the site , and was informed by locals that several years previously a skull had been uncovered from inside or near to the chamber , but that they believed it to be that of a gypsy . A later account elaborated on this , stating that two individuals excavated in the ce... | 58e63336de842dfda671d1b464dbbd31 | 2,119 |
In August 1889 , two amateur archaeologists , George Payne and A. A. Arnold , came across the monument , which they noted was known among locals as the " Coldrum Stones " and " Druid Temple " ; according to Payne , " the huge stones were so overgrown with brambles and brushwood that they could not be discerned " . He ... | b178a3ced5f528f2c74a035f032a287d | 2,120 |
In 1904 , George Clinch published a note on the Medway Megaliths in the Royal Anthropological Institute 's journal , Man , in which he referred to the Coldrum Stones as " at once the most remarkable and the least known of the whole series . " Suggesting that its design indicates that it was built during " a late date ... | 9be95e6abfedd5bfa2bef98592f13d65 | 2,121 |
= = = Archaeological excavation = = =
| e8c902f133b13eeb7ab3c0eb70791874 | 2,123 |
The Coldrum Stones have been excavated on multiple occasions . On 16 April 1910 , the amateur archaeologist F. J. Bennett began excavation at the site , after previously having uncovered some Neolithic lithics from Addington Long Barrow . He soon discovered human bones " under only a few inches of chalky soil " . He r... | 77b126c90d13d96653fe68b420c27302 | 2,125 |
Later that month , George Payne and F. W. Reader met with Bennett to discuss his finds . With the aid of two other interested amateur archaeologists , Mr Boyd and Miss Harker , both from Malling , excavation resumed in early September . In 2009 , the archaeologists Martin Smith and Megan Brickley asserted that Bennett... | f6f5c6986d997f7e6add65f125eb9082 | 2,126 |
In September 1922 , Filkins once again began excavating at the site , this time with the aid of a resident of Gravesend , Charles Gilbert . Their project was financed through grants provided by the British Association and the Society of Antiquaries , with Filkins noting that at the time of its commencement , " a minia... | 2f7ef65c2413505528768843d7fd1bca | 2,127 |
= = = Management by The National Trust = = =
| 6d31dee4bc865f7641d505f43c49b74f | 2,129 |
In his 1924 publication dealing with Kent , the archaeologist O. G. S. Crawford , then working as the archaeological officer for the Ordnance Survey , listed the Coldrum Stones alongside the other Medway Megaliths . In 1926 , the Coldrum Stones were given to The National Trust , who dedicated it as a memorial to the K... | 85be0e5920859f725b65d2b97162c291 | 2,131 |
= Soviet cruiser Krasnyi Kavkaz =
| bdb77649774b5ac540c53e5a2612e86d | 2,134 |
Krasnyi Kavkaz ( from Russian : " Красный Кавказ " - " Red Caucasus " ) was a cruiser of the Soviet Navy that began construction during World War I , but was still incomplete during the Russian Revolution . Her design was heavily modified by the Soviets and she was completed in 1932 . During World War II she supported... | 40667ceef453019c2a060257f0f22403 | 2,136 |
= = Service history = =
| 23e5a754ef5bf8e29b4df264b6ec61aa | 2,138 |
Laid down on 18 October 1913 at the Rossud Dockyard as Admiral Lazarev for the Imperial Russian Navy as a cruiser of the Svetlana class , she was launched on 8 June 1916 . Construction was abandoned in 1917 during the October Revolution when the ship was 63 % complete . In the second half of 1918 , the Marine Departme... | ee04451760c1f705581b41ae4bdef5b4 | 2,140 |
Krasnyi Kavkaz was initially intended to accommodate eight 8 @-@ inch ( 200 mm ) guns in four twin turrets , but this was impossible given her small and lightly constructed hull . Three twin turrets mounting the new 57 @-@ caliber 180 mm ( 7 @.@ 1 in ) B @-@ 1 @-@ K gun under development also proved impracticable and ... | ffdb7a4e79c5751a92d49654b2a2b0ef | 2,141 |
The light cruiser Komintern collided with her in May 1932 , shortly after her commissioning , and badly damaged her bow . It was extensively rebuilt and increased her overall length by over 11 metres ( 36 ft ) . In 1933 she made port visits in Turkey , Greece and Italy .
| 7aab3eb59b1e168e23af4c71444fe26c | 2,142 |
She was refitted before Operation Barbarossa , probably about 1940 , her catapult was removed , and her anti @-@ aircraft armament was greatly increased . Her four 76 @.@ 2 mm Lender AA guns were exchanged for four Italian Minizini twin gun 50 @-@ caliber 100 mm ( 3 @.@ 9 in ) AA mounts and she received four single mo... | aa1edd39d7f2753fae9a237a3b7eb9f9 | 2,143 |
= = = World War II = = =
| 50cdc758b64f7f05d46e3c685a89a39c | 2,145 |
Krasnyi Kavkaz , in company with the cruisers Chervona Ukraina , Komintern and a number of destroyers , laid down a defensive mine barrage protecting the Black Sea Fleet base at Sevastopol on 22 June . She provided gunfire support to Soviet forces defending Odessa and escorted convoys bringing the 157th Rifle Division... | 6fdf7d16d7c1254e832a07dc8b6096f2 | 2,147 |
During the Kerch @-@ Feodosiya Operation Krasnyi Kavkaz sailed into the harbor of Feodosiya on 29 December 1941 and disembarked reinforcements and provided gunfire support for Soviet troops already ashore . She was hit seventeen times by Axis artillery and mortar fire in retaliation . On 1 and 3 January she ferried su... | 2103be2ff7a11140f3ee02306bfeb798 | 2,148 |
She was awarded the Guards title on 3 April in recognition of her performance . Between 20 and 23 October , Krasnyi Kavkaz , her half @-@ sister Krasnyi Krym , and three destroyers ferried 12 @,@ 600 men of the 8th , 9th and 10th Guards Rifle Brigades from Poti to Tuapse to reinforce the defenses there . On the night ... | 9a6fe2bfe32d862a17f900c9cd4cc257 | 2,149 |
= = = Post @-@ war history = = =
| fdffbee585b7f7f74a0c68b1a0567ae3 | 2,151 |
Little is known about her activities after the end of the war other than she was redesignated as a training ship on 12 May 1947 . She was sunk as a target ship by SS @-@ N @-@ 1 missiles on 21 November 1952 .
| 81aa01230470cca173c2f7a2b9da7a5b | 2,153 |
= Rhode Island Route 4 =
| a36d4b19e5d16579c66591609b7553a5 | 2,156 |
Route 4 , also known as the Colonel Rodman Highway , is a 10 @.@ 37 @-@ mile ( 16 @.@ 69 km ) long numbered state highway located in Washington County and southern Kent County , Rhode Island , United States . The route is a major north – south freeway in the southern Providence metropolitan area , directly linking Pro... | 43f05290e6c768ae10531e080c7442f6 | 2,158 |
The origins of Route 4 date back to 1952 , when construction began on a short , unnumbered arterial from US 1 to the modern location of exit 5 at Routes 2 and 102 in Wickford . In 1965 , the Rhode Island Department of Public Works began work on a 5 @.@ 4 @-@ mile ( 8 @.@ 7 km ) freeway from modern exit 6 north to the ... | ced82404702d7f43f6b99279493bf5d1 | 2,159 |
= = Route description = =
| 492dd728c7998b12b26ca6c56c46440f | 2,161 |
Route 4 begins at a fork in the alignment of U.S. Route 1 in the community of North Kingstown ; the two left lanes of US 1 default onto Route 4 north , with the right @-@ hand lane carrying Tower Hill Road and US 1 north into the village of Wickford . Route 4 heads in a northwestern direction as a four @-@ lane divide... | a01042b7a1b89699bb977d206e228d64 | 2,163 |
Shortly after the intersection with Oak Hill Road , Route 4 transitions from a divided arterial highway into a four @-@ lane limited @-@ access freeway . The freeway passes to the west of Belleville Pond and begins to parallel the alignment of Route 102 ( Ten Rod Road ) near the community of Lafayette . Route 4 passes... | 2f1502fe12b176ecdec060685eecdba1 | 2,164 |
After exit 6 , Route 4 passes the Rhode Island Army National Guard base to the east and to the Hunt River to the west . Route 4 northbound interchanges with Route 403 at exit 7 ; Route 403 , or the Quonset Freeway , is a four @-@ lane , limited access freeway and spur route of Route 4 that serves the Quonset Business ... | 3b1be3f8f474643cfe19ba527df02b74 | 2,165 |
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