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In the new Strategic Cycle (2018-2023) ICCROM intends to respond to the growing demand for its services in this challenging global context. At a time when cultural heritage conservation is regarded as a fundamental factor in the sustainable development and cohesion of societies, the inclusion of culture and its conservation as a driver of economic, social and environmental development requires a profound shift in the way ICCROM implements its mandate. At its 87th Session in November 2016, the ICCROM Council adopted a new Strategic Directions document “ICCROM Strategic Directions 2018-2023: Catalysing Change for Cultural Heritage – Heritage Conservation in a Changing World”. This document was finalized in April 2017. It identifies the challenges and opportunities faced in the conservation field, and presents a mission, vision, and set of core values for ICCROM. Most importantly, the document sets out three strategic directions and nine objectives for the organization to carry out its mission. Another important element determining the priorities of the PWB stems from ICCROM’s commitment to embrace the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which outlines a universal, integrated and transformative vision for a better world. Inclusive and sustainable growth is at the core of the new framework and goals. Indeed, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 includes a recognition of the unique role culture has to play in societies and communities. ICCROM will continue to empower heritage conservation professionals in its Member States to contribute to sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products for the benefit of communities, builds resilient institutions and fosters innovation. Over the next biennium, ICCROM will also continue to improve the protection and conservation of cultural and natural heritage within its Member States by offering high- quality education, tools, methodologies and technical advice. Its entire programme will promote a culture of peace and non-violence, with an appreciation of cultural diversity and gender equality. It will achieve this through effective international coordination that will require the creation of evidence-based analytical capabilities and a drive for impact that can help shape the international cultural conservation agenda. ICCROM will build on its application of best practices in conservation management and on the regular surveillance of conservation policies to propose a multidimensional approach to conservation policymaking. This approach should deliver not only improvements in conservation standards but also ensure that their benefits are shared more equally across social groups, taking into account the various dimensions that influence the wellbeing of communities. With this vision as the driving force for the new Strategic Cycle, ICCROM will promote Member State inclusiveness to build accountable and transparent institutions by transforming its own practices, and administration. By enhancing its accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, ICCROM will provide value-for-money for its Member States, in response to a challenging budgetary environment.

https://www.iccrom.org/about/funding/programme-and-budget

The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Humans today make music. Think beyond all the qualifications that might trail after this bald statement: that only certain humans make music, that extensive training is involved, that many societies distinguish musical specialists from nonmusicians, that in today’s societies most listen to music rather than making it, and so forth. These qualifications, whatever their local merit, are moot in the face of the overarching truth that making music, considered from a cognitive and psychological vantage, is the province of all those who perceive and experience what is made. We are, almost all of us, musicians — everyone who can entrain (not necessarily dance) to a beat, who can recognize a repeated tune (not necessarily sing it), who can distinguish one instrument or one singing voice from another. I will often use an antique word, recently revived, to name this broader musical experience. Humans are musicking creatures. . . . The set of capacities that enables musicking is a principal marker of modern humanity. There is nothing polemical in this assertion except a certain insistence, which will figure often in what follows, that musicking be included in our thinking about fundamental human commonalities. Capacities involved in musicking are many and take shape in complicated ways, arising from innate dispositions . . . Most of these capacities overlap with nonmusical ones, though a few may be distinct and dedicated to musical perception and production. In the area of overlap, linguistic capacities seem to be particularly important, and humans are (in principle) language-makers in addition to music-makers — speaking creatures as well as musicking ones. Humans are symbol-makers too, a feature tightly bound up with language, not so tightly with music. The species Cassirer dubbed Homo symbolicus cannot help but tangle musicking in webs of symbolic thought and expression, habitually making it a component of behavioral complexes that form such expression. But in fundamental features musicking is neither language-like nor symbol-like, and from these differences come many clues to its ancient emergence. If musicking is a primary, shared trait of modern humans, then to describe its emergence must be to detail the coalescing of that modernity. This took place, archaeologists are clear, over a very long durée: at least 50,000 years or so, more likely something closer to 200,000, depending in part on what that coalescence is taken to comprise. If we look back 20,000 years, a small portion of this long period, we reach the lives of humans whose musical capacities were probably little different from our own. As we look farther back we reach horizons where this similarity can no longer hold — perhaps 40,000 years ago, perhaps 70,000, perhaps 100,000. But we never cross a line before which all the cognitive capacities recruited in modern musicking abruptly disappear. Unless we embrace the incredible notion that music sprang forth in full-blown glory, its emergence will have to be tracked in gradualist terms across a long period. This is one general feature of a history of music’s emergence . . . The history was at once sociocultural and biological . . . The capacities recruited in musicking are many, so describing its emergence involves following several or many separate strands. Which one of the following statements, if true, would weaken the author’s claim that humans are musicking creatures? Let us examine the given statements: Option A: [Nonmusical capacities are of far greater consequence to human survival than the capacity for music.] It is unclear how this ties into the discussion since the survival aspect is not touched upon or implied in the passage. Thus, the claim, if true, does little to undermine the author's claim that humans are musicking creatures. Option B: [From a cognitive and psychological vantage, musicking arises from unconscious dispositions, not conscious ones.] This does not weaken the author's claim that musicking is a universal aspect of the human experience - while the author does suggest that musicking arises from innate dispositions, the fact that these dispositions may be unconscious rather than conscious does not weaken the overall argument. Option C: [As musicking is neither language-like nor symbol-like, it is a much older form of expression.] This, again, does not contradict the author's claim in the passage. Though the author suggests that musicking is distinct from language and symbol-making, this does not necessarily mean that it is a much older form of expression. In fact, the author notes that the emergence of musicking can be traced back to at least 50,000 years ago, which is relatively recent in evolutionary terms. Even if this were true, it does not undermine the author's claim. Option D: [Musical capacities are primarily socio-cultural, which explains the wide diversity of musical forms.] If true, this directly contradicts the author's claim that musicking is a universal aspect of the human experience. The author argues that the capacity for musicking is innate in all humans and that it has a long history that is both sociocultural and biological in nature. However, if musical capacities are primarily socio-cultural, as suggested in Option D, this would mean that musicking is largely shaped by cultural and social factors rather than being a fundamental aspect of the human experience. This would greatly weaken the author's overall argument that all humans are musicking creatures. Hence, Option D is the correct choice.

https://cracku.in/16-which-one-of-the-following-statements-if-true-woul-x-cat-2022-slot-2-varc

Delivery time estimates do not apply to personalized, large or heavy items (over 20lbs.) that require special shipping, items shipped directly from the manufacturer, or out-of-stock items. Delivery estimates only apply to the contiguous United States. Saturday, Sunday and national holidays are not considered business days for these estimated transit days. Summer Evenings Extend the evening, extend the season! Embrace the warmer weather and turn your backyard space into your favorite place. Create an inviting atmosphere with perfect seating, fire pits, lighting, rugs and more.

http://www.plowhearth.com/en/shop-by-style/shop-by-style/backyard-nights/c/7786

KANAWHA COUNTY, W.Va. (WSAZ) -- The City of Charleston received a $15,000 grant from AARP to make East End Community Park a "more inviting and appealing" public space. Charleston Mayor Amy Shuler Goodwin and representatives from AARP announced Friday morning the city will use the grant funds to purchase and install new playground equipment, a splash pad, suitable lighting, and greenery for the area. The new renovations to East End Community Park, located at 1500 Dixie Street, are expected to be completed by November 4, 2019. Mayor Goodwin showed her appreciation for the grant, saying, "I’m excited about this investment in the East End Park on Dixie Street. The new playground structures and splash pad will provide a safe, fun place for our families to enjoy together... Thank you, AARP, for seeing the importance of this project and helping to create a space where our citizens can create lifelong memories. Investing in our communities is a key component to creating vibrant neighborhoods throughout Charleston.” AARP gave $1.6 million in Community Challenge grants this year.

https://www.wsaz.com/content/news/East-End-Community-Park-to-be-improved-with-AARP-grant-512942501.html

Although it is important to light up your swimming-pool, we must also consider lighting up the surrounding area near the water. Depending on how big the swimming-pool is and on the atmosphere we want to create, we will select different types of luminaires... Jul 9, 13 • 17635 Views • Outdoor lighting • Faro Barcelona • No Comments Knowing how to light up your pool is very important, because during summer months the swimming-pool plays a major role at your home, day and night... Apr 23, 13 • 17128 Views • Outdoor lighting • Faro Barcelona • 5 Comments There are luminaires on the market to meet every need. It is important to know what we need, our preferences in terms of aesthetics and use, and to look for models... Apr 16, 13 • 13929 Views • Outdoor lighting • Faro Barcelona • 2 Comments Once spring arrives, the outdoor areas of our homes become filled with activity and life. Gardens, terraces and green areas become extremely busy and pleasant spaces for carrying out all kinds of activities including reading, gathering with friends, spending... FAQS Feb 21 • 5326 Views This Christmas offer your solidarity Dec 12 • 2119 Views Bohman&Folenius Sep 12 • 2529 Views Inviting Aug 27 • 3307 Views How to save in lighting Jul 23 • 3570 Views 10 Tips to light your bathroom Nov 4 • 103167 Views 10 aspects to consider when creating the perfect kitchen lighting Oct 30 • 34174 Views (ES) Sorteo Vuelta al cole con Pepa Paper y Faro Barcelona Sep 20 • 2960 Views (ES) Sorteo Vuelta al trabajo con Sonrisa Shop y Faro Barcelona Oct 6 • 9892 Views How to install ICE ceiling lamp. Instructions Jul 11 • 16466 Views How to light up a bedroom step by step: 2 Feb 23 • 8096 Views What is the perfect light to study? Sep 8 • 63207 Views How to light up a bedroom step by step: 3 Mar 9 • 9334 Views Types of light Apr 26 • 7841 Views Lamps made in Spain Jun 16 • 5480 Views ahorro energético bombillas ceiling fan cocina concurso consejos contest decoración design lamp diseño energy saving fan Faro Barcelona hogar Hook illuminate the bathroom illuminazione iluminacion interior iluminación iluminación exterior iluminar iluminar el baño iluminar jardín indoor lighting instrucciones ventilador kitchen lighting lampe de design LED lighting garden lámpara de diseño lámpara de sobremesa outdoor lighting sincronización mandos sorteo tendencia 2016 ventilación ventilador ventilador de techo ventiladores ventiladores de techo ventilateur ventilateur de plafond ventilation éclairage éclariage de la cuisine WP Cumulus Flash tag cloud by Roy Tanck requires Flash Player 9 or better.

https://faro.es/blog/en/tag/iluminar/

Adjusting to e-learning can be difficult. Getting into the mindset of studying requires changes to your environment and modifying your study habits. Here are some tips on how to figure out the new norm, while staying successful. - Create your own workspace: Make a dedicated space that you can retreat to every day that is specific for your e-learning studies. Try to find a comfortable place with minimal distractions that will really allow you to focus, even if it’s just a corner in your bedroom. Decorating your new space with a few of your favorite things will make it a bit easier and more inviting when you’re spending multiple hours a day there. Consider things like the lighting and a chair that’s comfortable enough to sit in for several hours at a time. - Get organized: Organization is key to being successful during e-learning. Make sure that you have all of the resources you will need in order to pass your classes. You may need to purchase a few additional books that you typically would have rented from the library, or see if they have an electronic version available. Organizing all of your files for each class, and taking adequate notes will help when you’re studying for an exam or writing a paper. - Set a schedule: Because the days seem to blend together, it’s more important than ever to create a schedule and stick to it. The last thing you want is to feel lost and overwhelmed because you mismanaged your time. Map out how many hours each day you’ll study for each class. There are a lot of tools out there designed to help you maintain focus, from task-management methods like Pomodoro to music playlists for studying on Spotify. You can also switch up your schedule every week so you don’t get bored. Also, remember to pencil in plenty of breaks to rest your brain. - Stay connected: Attend your professor’s open hours, even if it is to further discuss the lecture for that week. Staying in touch with your professor will help keep you accountable for the work you will have to complete for the class. Make sure to join online study groups with your classmates, and if there aren’t any, create the group yourself, and post it to your class discussion board. - Self-care: Take multiple times each day to do something that you enjoy, whether it’s texting a friend, dancing, going for a walk, or watching TikTok. Even just sitting quietly can be valuable, as mindfulness practices can help you stay centered during difficult times. Staying true to yourself, and providing self-care during this pandemic should be a top priority. If you’re not 100%, then you can’t give your all to anything else. Remember, IonTuition is here to help you with all of your student loan repayment needs. Reach out to an advisor today.

https://www.iontuition.com/5-tips-to-stay-on-track-with-e-learning/

When you’re dealing with a aging parents, the first thing on your mind may indeed be their safety. It is obvious that as one grows older, the body becomes weaker and vulnerable to various ailments and diseases that may test the body. It is therefore necessary to give special attention to caring for an aging parent just as we to little children. As your parents grow well into their advanced years, it’s important that you spend some time considering how to create a safe home atmosphere so that you can relax and know that they are safe as can be while you are away. Today, let’s take a look at some safety home care tips for aging parents: In terms of the elderly, most of the injuries that people over 55 suffer occur mainly at home and could be prevented if special precaution is taken. A key area that needs special attention is the bathroom. Many elderly have suffered broken bones as a result of sliding on the bathroom floor or tub and falling. This is a great danger and the first precaution here is to ensure that the floor is not slippery so as to avoid sliding. This can be done by resurfacing the floor or putting a hard corner to corner mat on which one cannot slide. It is also wise to put grab bars just at the entrance of the bathroom and also on the walls slightly above the waist height. This will assist the elderly to hold such grab handles to assist themselves in standing firm. Lighting is another key point to consider when dealing with the elderly. The whole house must have ample light to ease any necessary movement, especially due to the poor eyesight which can result from old age. Lights in the bathroom should be adequate and if possible, the bathroom ought to be close to the parent’s bedroom so they do not have far to walk when using the bathroom in the middle of the night. Along with bright lights, be sure that night lights are plugged in so that your parent can see fairly well in order to turn the bathroom light on. If you are financially able, you may prefer constructing a special bathroom for your parents or doing a complete overhaul of the existing bathroom. Regarding the entrance door, you can remove the door or rebuild it so that the door opens outward. If you choose to remove the door, you may choose to put a heavy curtain to maintain the privacy. Be sure to remove the towel racks and any loose material stuck on the wall, as it’s tempting to grab onto such items when unstable. You do not want the towel rack to come out of the wall and your loved one fall to the ground. Another place that can be dangerous for the elderly is the toilet, so look into placing a toilet that is suitable for the aging. You can also install hand rails at waist height for them to support themselves. Regarding a shower, it is best to install a walk-in shower or tub, as it is difficult for an aging person to get their legs up and over the tub. Many aging adults have fallen doing just that and have suffered a great deal of pain. These days, walk-in showers or tubs are quite affordable and aging adults report that they really like the ease of getting in and out of the shower. Many are equipped with seats and a handheld shower nozzle so that adults can sit down and shower. Safety bars are also provided so that they have something sturdy to hang onto as they maneuver in the shower. This also allows your parent to get in and out of the shower if they are in a wheelchair. If all these precautions are well taken care, your parents should have little to no problems in the bathroom. Have a discussion with your parents and get their input. They want to be safe in the bathroom just as much as you want them to be. Go ahead and get to remodeling their bathroom with precaution and safety in mind.

https://www.homeover55.com/articles/2016-05-27/Home-Care-Safety-Tips-for-Aging-Parents

While the 2020-2021 school year has certainly been filled with its fair share of challenges due to the pandemic, it also was a year of significant progress for Gahanna-Jefferson Public Schools. The district is about to cut the ribbon on a beautiful, new Lincoln Elementary and made substantial improvements to K-8 facilities with classroom lighting, flooring, furniture and remodeled restrooms in Phase One of the Master Facilities Plan. The district has begun planning for Phase Two of our Master Facilities Plan. “The elementary and middle school additions that are part of the plan are just as important as the new Lincoln High School,” said Superintendent Steve Barrett. "We have been growing for a number of years, and we are excited to welcome new families to our district. We are grateful for our community’s support because now we can design and build the adequate space we need." In partnership with local Schorr Architects, the district has commissioned DLR Group, an international leader in building educational spaces, to design the new high school and oversee the additions to two elementary schools (Blacklick and High Point) and the three Gahanna middle schools. The architects are currently working with school principals to gather feedback on their desires for the buildings. A student shadowing day is also planned for the architects to walk the buildings with students to collect their insights. “The process is really all about listening,” said Barrett. “The architects want to put themselves in the shoes of our students as they create the designs to ensure we are meeting their needs.” The district also is committed to engaging the Gahanna community and is launching a steering committee to review building plans and provide feedback along the way. In addition, Barrett looks forward to sharing designs as they are developed with the community at large. “We will not just be creating inspiring spaces in Phase Two. We are redesigning learning,” said Barrett. “This is about developing an optimal education environment that supports social-emotional learning, which is a major focus for our district. We are focused on creating bright, flexible spaces that foster collaboration and are inspiring to students and teachers. Our students, teachers and staff, deserve a comfortable and inviting atmosphere to grow and thrive.” Barrett wants to assure the GJPS school community that great care is being taken to ensure learning is not interrupted during the building process. “We should be able to bring the additions online at the elementary and middle schools in the next couple of years, while the high school is slated to be completed by 2024."

https://www.gahannaschools.org/NewsDetail.aspx?article=919863296

Did you know that one in five Canadians get the Winter Blues, or Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD; I did not. Recently I was talking to a friend of mine who works in the field of mental health, and I told her how when I relocated to Canada, I started to feel that unpleasant feeling during the Winter time and at some days during Sprint or Autumn. When I realized this, I began to incorporate some of the family traditions I grew up seeing my mother doing. We started to share what our moms did when we were young and found that there were so many similarities, especially that y friend’s mom is Italian and share the same Mediterranean traditions like my family from Egypt. Moreover, the Winter traditions that my family and my friend’s family share are very similar to European lifestyle, popularized in Denmark, known as Hygge. The words ‘hygge’ in the Danish language means coziness[i], an in Norwegian it means well-being. Hygge is all about creating a feeling or a mood of coziness in your house. Hygge extends to making every day a happy and pleasurable day utilizing the simple ordinary things in your home and the habits or rituals you do. In hygge, every moment could be a spectacular special moment. In Denmark, despite the long winter harsh Winter, the limited outdoor activities, and less sunshine, Danish people are the happiest people on earth and the highest quality of life, and I do believe that their hygge lifestyle is the magical recipe for their happiness. To create an inviting, spacious home, no matter how small your place is, you need only to keep those pieces or items that speak to your heart and fill it with joy. Arrange your furniture in a calm and relaxed way. At home, you need to feel comfortable and safe, and consciously creating a pleasant atmosphere for yourself and your loved ones. There is nothing creates an atmosphere of comfort and pleasure like lighting a candle. The scent and the soft light on a harsh Winter day, make your heart warm and tranquil. Hygge is about togetherness. Take pleasure in cooking and sharing a freshly prepared meal with family and friends. The aroma coming from mixing those ingredients, herbs and spices, fills your heart with inner peace and serenity. Do not treat cooking as a chore.Cook with someone and enjoy the conversation and company of them. Structure your day around togetherness and do not be afraid of lingering with others when you genuinely love their company. Music changes our brain chemistry. Notice how your body responds to your favourite music. Music makes your body create serotonin, the happy neurotransmitter. The music you select will set the right mood. Whether you want to get pumped for some exercise time or focus on finishing a task, or relax and destress at the end of a hectic day; play some music, and you will find it easy to get into the mood. To get a result, any result, you need to go through a process or to create. Most of us hate the work or the preparation associated with an outcome we desire. Marketers play this fact up. We order our favourite food and drive through to get a cup of coffee. Try to create something from scratch from time to time. Brew your coffee and listen to the sound of the coffee machine preparing it, and do not forget to smell the aroma of freshly made coffee. Alternatively, put a simple salad together, enjoy the vibrant colours of vegetables, neatly arrange the freshly cut veggies into a beautiful plate, and squees the lemon by hand. Beautify everything around you to create a friendly atmosphere and inviting ambience and always pay attention to details. Whether it is cuddly blanket or sweater, a novel you enjoy, or a bath with your favourite bath pomp you were keeping under the sink for few months; do something for yourself that shows self-love and self-care. In Winter or any other season, hygge will bring you happiness. It is easy, so, do not complicate things. You do not need to buy new stuff, change your routine, move to another place. You can find that coziness of the heart here and right now. Pay attention to your feelings and try to isolate that happy moment and think, what made that moment a happy one, and recreate the moment again and incorporate it into your daily life.

https://corporita.info/fight-winter-blues-hygge/

In recognizing that public art creates a unique sense of place and pride for all citizens and visitors to our community; the City of Holyoke, as part of a Community Development Block Grant has been awarded funding to complete an art installation in and/or around the area of Depot Square and the Holyoke Rail Platform at the corners of Main and Dwight Streets. The City of Holyoke seeks proposals for a permanent art installation which may include, but is not limited to painting, sculpture, lighting, projection and/or mixed media; with a project budget not to exceed $18,000. The purpose of this project is to bring to the newly formed gateway a culturally vibrant atmosphere – welcoming arrivals, greeting passing travelers, and sending off residents. The installation of this artwork will improve the neighborhood’s sense of identity as well as signify the area as a safe place valued by its community. The Call for Art invites qualified artists and/or design professionals that can conceive, create and install public art infrastructure as described herein to submit proposals to provide those specific services. For the complete Request for Proposals/Call for Art containing the Scope of Work and Proposal Submission Guidelines please contact David Martins, City of Holyoke Chief Procurement Officer at 413-322-5650. Proposals are due 3/9/16 by 10AM.

https://holyokeredevelopment.com/depot-square-call-for-art

A Place of Warmth at Zion will hold its winter volunteer training and open house at 7 p.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 4, at the Zion United Church of Christ, 51 W. Central Ave., Delaware. In its fourth winter, A Place of Warmth at Zion provides a safe and warm place on nights of extreme cold – temperature of 20 degrees or below – for homeless men. Since it’s opening, the center has provided overnight housing to dozens of men of which are native and transient in nature. According to Colleen Dennis, volunteer coordinator at Connections Volunteer Center who staffs the program, “volunteers play a crucial role in creating a warm, inviting environment for one of the most vulnerable groups in our community.” “Along with a physical space, volunteers provide the warmth of hospitality, providing a friendly atmosphere where those who come can rest comfortably and safely,” said Dennis. “Volunteers not only create a friendly atmosphere, but they assist with ensuring guests receive food, toiletries, dry clothing, or whatever they need to feel comfortable through the night.” Volunteer requirements for A Place of Warmth include: • Must be at least 18 years old • Attend a training for new volunteers and a refresher for returning/past volunteers; future training dates will be announced at a later date. • Be available for either the 8 p.m. to 2 a.m. or 2 a.m. to 8 a.m. shifts on nights in which the warming center is open Recognizing the need for continuity, the warming center will now have an on-site employee who will be present during the entire 12-hour shift. Police officers will also continue to be present during intake hours from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. To donate or sign up to volunteer at A Place of Warmth, contact Dennis at 740-363-5000 or visit ConnectionsVolunteerCenter.org. Founded in 1996, Connections coordinates the referral and placement of volunteers for more than 70 different agencies who offer more than 200 volunteer opportunities. In the past year, Connections matched over 1,300 volunteers who engaged in nearly 12,000 hours of service to the community. A program of HelpLine, Connections core services are partially funded by United Way of Delaware County and SourcePoint. Follow The Gazette on Twitter @delgazette. Like The Gazette on Facebook.

https://www.delgazette.com/top-stories/73043/volunteers-sought-for-a-place-of-warmth

Here in Dittisham, the project brief was to transform an unused roof terrace and make use of the area in order to take advantage of the stunning views over the River Dart & surrounding South Hams scenery. A large area of inaccessible dead space, the clients aim was to utilise the spot as an outdoor lounging area & sun deck with a view. We suggested using high-end Millboard composite decking for the floor surface and for future low-maintenance consideration, whilst knocking through part of the wall in order to create new stairs to give easy access from the rear of the property. A brushed aluminium channel balustrade with glass panel system was installed to add elegance and safety to the main decking area, whist making sure there is no obstruction to the views. Utilising the most out of an elevated area unused area, our clients now have an outdoor space where they can catch the sun all day long, with the superb back drop and view that only Devon could supply. Project Focus - Transform the unused roof space. - Create new access to the roof terrace that is easily accessible from level below. - Safe environment that conforms to all building regulations. - Install elegant mood lighting for chilled evening ambience.

https://www.legendarylandscapes.co.uk/our-work/dittisham/

6588 Cypress St. West Monroe, LA PROJECT DESCRIPTION - 8,500 Sq Ft Convenience Store - This is a new facility located in the Claiborne community just west of West Monroe. This design includes many modern elements that separate it from the stereotypical convenience store such as tapered stone canopy supports, arched store entrance with stone and stucco accents, open infinity ceiling, and accent lighting throughout. Interior and exterior colors were selected to create visual interest during daylight hours that transition to vibrant inviting wall washes under the ornamental lighting at night. Other features to take notice of are the drive-thru sales window, indoor and outdoor seating, large LCD televisions throughout, automatic sliding entrance doors and wifi access.

https://taylorwallacedesigns.com/j-mart-express/

As social organizations, labor unions place special emphasis on the active participation of their members. In this way, labor union leaders expect not only to safeguard their union’s smooth operation but also to increase their negotiating powers, and defend vigorously working employees’ rights as well as put forward demands for new ones. In recent decades, securing rights to permanent employment as well as many other achievements of the union movement have been increasingly challenged. In addition, modern societies like Greece seem apprehensive as regards demands put forward by labor unions. The appeal of economic liberalization and globalization policies could provide an initial explanation for this phenomenon. However, it is not just the global economic situation and policies that have challenged the dynamics of the union movement nowadays. Attention has to be shifted to the internal environment of the labor unions such as Teachers’ Federation of Greece. This might better explain the limited participation of employees like Greek teachers in their union’s actions and proceedings, such as strikes, stoppages, and public demonstrations. Article Nikolaos Alexopoulos Article Roma and Travelers are one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the European Union and have been subjected to racism for centuries. In Cyprus, a country with a very small Roma population, Roma issues -due to historical and political reasons- and particularly issues relating to the education of Roma have not been adequately addressed in the policy agenda and have not been researched sufficiently. Lacking knowledge on how to access social services funds, medical treatment provisions, education, and work, Roma are largely ignored, avoided, and kept on the margins of the local society; they are victims of prejudice and suffer from low educational achievement. Although school enrollment, attendance, and completion among Roma in Cyprus have increased at all school levels since 2010, the rate of early school-leaving among Roma in Cyprus remains high and only a few Roma attend secondary education, while even fewer complete compulsory lower secondary education at the age of 15. In addition, attendance and completion of upper secondary education among Roma of Cyprus remains extremely low, whereas university education has not yet been achieved by any Roma in Cyprus. As in other parts of Europe, Roma social and financial conditions appear to be directly linked to Roma children’s school attendance and the discouragement of Roma children viewing school as a priority. Although education in Cyprus is a key policy area with the highest number of interventions and evaluations since 2010, the number of measures does not necessarily reflect the ambition or the effectiveness of efforts. Cyprus, therefore, needs to incorporate Roma inclusion in accountable ways in its mainstream actions and measures in order to compensate for the disadvantages faced by Roma and to promote equality by combining its mainstream measures with specific Roma-targeted measures. Such measures should not adopt a one-size-fits-all approach, but should recognize that among the major factors contributing to Roma children’s school disengagement is the distance and inconsistency between the Roma family and the local community environment on the one hand, and the school environment and its workings on the other. The policy of Roma integration thus needs to shift to a policy of inclusion by addressing exclusion and the major issues of antigypsyism, discrimination, and racism. In being accountable, these policies need to set benchmarks to be reached, reported, monitored, and evaluated by a single local agency or institution to be able to coordinate the actions of various ministries. The success of such an agency or institution will largely depend on the establishment of a system of consultation with Roma, who are currently absent from relevant decision-making actions and synergies. Article Doris A. Santoro Teachers often characterize their interest in and commitment to the profession as moral: a desire to support students, serve their communities, or uphold civic ideals embedded in the promise of public education. These initial and sustaining moral impulses are well documented in research on teaching and teacher education. However, moral commitments can also be a source of teachers’ dissatisfaction and resistance, especially in the age of the market-based Global Education Reform Movement. This article explores the phenomenon of conscientious objection in teaching as an enactment of professional ethics. Conscientious objection describes teachers’ actions when they take a stand against job expectations that contradict or compromise their professional ethics. Teachers who refuse to enact policies and practices may be represented by popular media, school leaders, policymakers, and educational researchers as merely recalcitrant or insubordinate. This perspective misses the moral dimensions of resistance. Teachers may refuse to engage in practices or follow mandates from the standpoint of professional conscience. This article also highlights varieties of conscientious objection that are drawn from global examples of teacher resistance. Finally, the article explores the role of teachers unions as potential catalysts for collective forms of conscientious objection. Article Kurt Stemhagen and Tamara Sober There are a variety of ways in which teachers engage in activism. Teachers working for social change within their classrooms and teachers who engage in advocacy and organize to influence policy, law, and society are all doing work that falls under the umbrella of teacher activism. While there are numerous catalysts, many teachers become activists when they encounter unjust educational or social structures. There are also considerable obstacles to teachers recognizing their potential power as activists. From the gendered history of teaching to the widespread conception of teaching as a solitary and not a collective enterprise, there is rarely an easy path toward activism. The importance of collective as opposed to individual social action among teachers is increasingly recognized. Many cities now have teacher activist organizations, a group of which have come together and created a national coalition of teacher activist groups. Overall, teacher activism is an underresearched and undertheorized academic area of study. Possibilities for collective action should be fully explored. Article John McCollow Teacher unions (or alternatively “education unions”) are organizations formed to protect and advance the collective interests of teachers and other education workers. What the collective interests of educators entail and how they should be pursued have been and remain active matters for debate within these organizations. Different unions at different times have responded differently to these questions, for example, in relation to the degree to which an industrial versus a professional orientation should be adopted, and the degree to which a wider political and social justice agenda should be embraced. Several ideal-type models of teacher unionism have been identified, as well as various strategic options that these unions might employ. A spirited debate is ongoing about the legitimacy and power of teacher unions. One perspective portrays them as self-interested special interest groups, and another as social movements advocating for public education. The status of teacher unions as stakeholders in educational policymaking is contested, and union–government relations occur across a spectrum of arrangements ranging from those that encourage negotiation to those characterized by confrontation and hostility. Internationally, education unions face significant challenges in the early decades of the 21st century. Neoliberal economic and industrial policies and legislation have eroded the capacity of unions to collectively organize and bargain, and the global education reform movement (GERM) has created a hostile environment for education unions and their members. Despite these challenges, education unions remain among the most important critics of GERM and of global neoliberal social policy generally. The challenges posed and the strategies adopted play out differently across the globe. There is evidence that at least some unions are now prepared to be far more flexible in adopting a “tapestry” of strategies, to examine their internal organization, build alliances, and develop alternative conceptions of the future of education. Researchers, however, have identified certain internal factors in many teacher unions that pose significant obstacles to these tasks. Unions face difficult choices that could lead to marginalization on the one hand or incorporation on the other. Article Julie Gorlewski and Isabel Nuñez Curriculum, while often conceived as a static entity delivered as a neutral set of facts arranged in disciplinary categories, is, in reality, a pedagogical artifact—a product generated as a result of decisions made by a range of stakeholders who represent different cultural imperatives linked to contested perspectives about the purposes of school. Students’ and teachers’ experiences of school, then, are dialogic performances of a curriculum that promotes various levels of power and privilege, as well as understandings of equity and diversity. Therefore, whether or not it is recognized, the curriculum delivered in schools serves to either maintain or interrupt the status quo. Given the number of students who participate in public education, curriculum contributes a great deal to shaping the national narrative. Curriculum contributes to social movements, and the nature of the curriculum determines the direction of the movement. Since curriculum development and implementation involves myriad decisions, influence is wielded by those with decision-making power. Social status and cultural capital, both of which are historically linked with political power, largely determine who makes curricular decisions, as well as how decisions are made. These conditions pose challenges for those who have been historically marginalized within educational institutions. Despite obstacles related to systemic inequities, different forms of curriculum can and do contribute to the creation and perpetuation of social movements. Moreover, educators who understand how educational institutions function, how curricular changes occur, and how curriculum can be a source of and vehicle for change can create conditions for transformative activist curricular movements.

https://oxfordre.com/education/search?btog=chap&f_0=keyword&q_0=unions

Both Alaska and Hawaii will be celebrating 60 years of statehood in 2019. This research project provides a baseline understanding and comparison of the diverse range of similarities and differences of the socio-cultural, economic, political, and natural environments of America's two newest Pacific frontier states. This presentation provides a range of information regarding the geography and relationships of location, people, land, water, and their human, economic, and natural environments in these two frontier states. This information will highlight, compare, and contrast the uniqueness of Alaska and Hawaii as the northernmost, westernmost, easternmost, and southernmost states in the United States. The research also highlights a comparative awareness of current climate and weather changes occurring in these states. An identification of the major concerns, impacts, and political and policy actions in response to these changes is provided. Comparisons of current and expected future changes in fossil fuel attitudes and renewable energy goals in Alaska and Hawaii are examined. The presentation concludes with an identification of anticipated changes and concerns over the next decade for the unique natural, human, and political environments of these two Pacific frontier states.

https://aag.secure-abstracts.com/AAG%20Annual%20Meeting%202019/abstracts-gallery/21210

Justice and Outreach Team This group supports the congregation in social justice advocacy and direct action, with a focus on developing strong relationships with and amplifying the work of kindred partner organizations in the St. Croix Valley. Key areas of concern intersect and include environmental/climate justice, identity justice (antiracism*, LGBTQ+ inclusion), and economic justice (income, home and food security). *In 2021-2022, this team is particularly focused on supporting the work of our congregation's Antiracism Collective. In 2021-2022, we are participating in a faith-based group designated as “Housing Strategy and Advocacy Team (HSAT). The objective of HSAT is to support and aid Washington County in providing adequate housing for the homeless. Washington County is currently housing residents in two hotels. That has been a short-term strategy but will not be satisfactory or available as a longer-term solution. The hope is to build, buy and renovate or repurpose a current building. Numerous issues need to be addressed (political, location, funding, acceptance by the community), and HSAT will support and help find a solution to some of those issues. People's Antiracism Collective In spring 2021, this group formed as a task force to lead us in exploring next steps toward embodying antiracism as a congregation. In June, they sent out a survey to members and friends to yield invaluable information about the beliefs and concerns about racism that exist within our congregation. Between June 2021-June 2022, our Antiracism Collective will engage our members and friends as we embark on a year of congregational examination, exploration and education on antiracist attitudes and behaviors that could lead to transforming our church identity.

https://peoplescongregational.org/our-current-efforts/

SOLIDAR's strategic objective for the period 2021-2025 is to influence, together with our members and allies, the recovery processes at the EU as well as the national level for a socially just and sustainable Europe through a just transition, mirrored also in the EU's external relations. We regard Just transition as the guarantee that the transformation processes and drastic structural adjustments that are needed to meet the climate emergency, the digital revolution and tackle the continued structural gender inequalities and reoccurring social and economic crises, are being implemented taking the needs and rights of affected present and future communities into consideration. This is done through processes of social and civil dialogue that guarantees both social justice and sustainable development. SOLIDAR voices our members’ concerns and advocates for their priorities at any relevant opportunity before European institutions and stakeholders, providing our members with the ability to shape the debate at the EU level and engage with increasingly important decision-making. In so doing, we constitute a counterweight to authoritarian, nationalistic, and right-wing populist forces, as well as to conservative and neoliberal interests. We regard social justice as the equal distribution of wealth, knowledge, income, and power within our global societies, ensured access to universal and quality social services, lifelong and life-wide learning, decent work, social protection, and a decent life for all expressed through a new social contract and in the form of a truly social citizenship. Sustainability is the way in which we achieve social justice while respecting the planetary boundaries in an economic system that puts people and planet first. SOLIDAR’s vision is a world defined by solidarity, peace, social justice, and sustainable development, organised in a social contract that guarantees universal human rights and freedoms, decent work, and a decent life for all. SOLIDAR’s mission is to support our members in their work to achieve our vision at the national, European, and international level through the formation of alliances, coordination of collective actions, advocacy work, and policy influence, exchange of experiences, and access to funding and opportunities. The values below constitute guiding principles for all employees and representatives of SOLIDAR. SOLIDARITY The work that we do aspires to foster and support solidarity as a basic principle in our societies. It is thus paramount that we place this principle at the heart of our organization to stay true to ourselves. Solidarity in the workplace implies assisting your colleagues when needed, showing empathy in relation to other people’s circumstances, and working together as a collective to help one another for the betterment of the organization. It further implies that we as an organization take responsibility for everyone’s wellbeing in the workplace. EQUALITY Ensure that everyone can achieve their best potential, at personal and professional level, independently of their sex, gender, sexual orientation, disability status, ethnicity etc. Everyone in our organization deserves to be treated with respect as an individual and employee, always. This relates to the effort they put into their work, and the role and mandate they have been entrusted. As an organisation we value and respect the diversity of our workplace in terms of backgrounds and identities, we make sure that we are considerate and empathetic when we articulate ourselves and when talking to and about a colleague that is not present as well as when giving feedback on proposals, presentations, and work tasks. AUTONOMY AND PARTICIPATION We have the freedom and responsibility to act according to our values and principles in relation to others as well as towards each other in the organisation. Autonomy is the basic principle for participation and interaction, and free and autonomous participation is key to access the collective intelligence of the organization, as well as to demonstrate the boldness needed to stand up for our principles in all our relationships, with partners, allies and among members. For participatory and collective efforts to be efficient and constructive everyone is thus expected to demonstrate individual responsibility, autonomy, and a high degree of integrity in meeting the expectations of your assignment guided by the objectives and values of SOLIDAR. TRUST Everyone in our organisation deserves the trust of their colleagues, in relation to their efforts and their professionalism as well as their assigned roles and mandate. Trust is the building bloc of the change that we aspire to and the glue that keeps our network and alliance together, this means to trust your colleagues’ best intentions, efforts and to be able to trust people to stay true to their word. Trust and transparency go hand in hand, one cannot get the one without the other and a high degree of transparency in relation to decision making is therefore fundamental. As a Secretariat we have the trust of the board and our members to advance and develop the network to further their goals and vision. It is key that we stand by our word and take responsibility for our actions when things go well and when they do not. This increases trust and is fundamental to accountability. We depend on each other for our work, mistrust can be highly destructive. Trust therefore needs to be earned as well as cherished. AMBITION The tasks that we have set for ourselves demand from us that we are bold and ambitious as an organization and alliance. This further implies that we as employees shall carry out our respective duties with the highest quality and ambitions equal to the ones that we have set for the organisation and for our movement. You should be able to expect to be encouraged and empowered when taking initiatives. It is expected by everyone that they do their very best, to embrace change, welcome constructive feedback, and strive for creative solutions. PROFESSIONALISM As an organisation we set the highest professional targets for ourselves, as well as strive to be a learning and constantly evolving organisation that offers the possibility to our employees to develop professionally. To safeguard the reputation of our organization and alliance in relation to members, partners, donors, and colleagues in the field, it is expected of everyone that we show the highest level of professionalism both in relation to each other, and when representing the organization. DIVERSITY Our progressive family is diverse and rich as it involves a multitude of different organisations, in terms of character, objectives, size and structure. Diversity in terms of geography, language, gender, background, identity, age, and organization, is fundamental to create a representative, creative, balanced, and inclusive network. We value and cherish our diversity also in terms of the internal organisation of our network, when we recruit staff members, establishing criteria for electing board members, setting up working groups, and task forces, and when facilitating access to information in the languages of the network.

https://www.solidar.org/en/about-us/vision-and-values

The Collective Future Fund brings together social justice movements, survivors, and donors to heal, resource, and mobilize to shape a collective future free from all forms of patriarchal violence. We prioritize support for work led by survivors, Black, Indigenous, and womxn of color, queer, trans, non-binary and gender non-conforming people of color, people of color with disabilities, and im/migrants, who are cultivating community, building impactful movements, and sustaining transformational work. Together, we envision a world of collective safety, healing, and liberation. Our Team Aleyamma Mathew, Director Aleyamma Mathew is a nationally known expert on the intersection of gender and economic justice. With over 20 years of experience in the philanthropic and advocacy sectors at the local, state, and national levels, she has led advocacy, grantmaking, capacity-building, and campaigns for economic policies to protect women’s rights, safety, and economic security, with a focus on women of color, immigrant and refugee women, and low-wage women workers. Aleyamma is currently the executive director of Collective Future Fund (CFF), an organization that brings together social justice movements, survivors, and donors to heal, resource, and mobilize to shape a collective future free from sexual harassment and violence. With a priority on supporting and sustaining efforts that are led by survivors and women of color, the Fund envisions a world in which all women and girls––cisgender, transgender, and gender non-conforming––can live, learn, and work in safety and dignity. Born in Kerala, South India, Aleyamma is based in Philadelphia where she serves on the Board of Directors for the Asian Arts Initiative. She is an alumni of the East West Center’s Asian Pacific American Leadership Program and received a Fulbright Award to study Malayalam in Kerala. Ariel Jacobson, Special Advisor Ariel Jacobson (she/her) works with organizations, networks, and foundations dedicated to advancing gender, racial, and economic justice. She is passionate about art, storytelling, and narrative as pathways to a future where violence is no longer the norm. In 2017-2018, she worked with NoVo Foundation spearheading the creation of its Radical Hope Fund, a global call for projects that culminated in $34 Million to support collaborative efforts rooted in bold experimentation, visionary feminist organizing, and transformative movement building. Previously, Ariel was a Movement Maker in Move to End Violence, a program of the NoVo Foundation, and served as Development and Communications Director at the Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, a national organization that builds power and voice for restaurant workers. She has two decades of experience with a range of social justice and human rights strategies from organizing to grantmaking, to policy advocacy, to youth-led governance, with organizations including the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, MADRE, the Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Autonomy and Development, Youth in Action, and the Annie E. Casey Foundation. She lives with her family in Albany, NY. Collaborative Partners The Collective Future Fund is supported by the following donors: - CBS - Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Philanthropies - Conrad N. Hilton Foundation - Ford Foundation - General Service Foundation - Nathan Cummings Foundation - NoVo Foundation - Open Society Foundations - Pivotal Ventures - Unbound Philanthropy - Wellspring Philanthropic Fund The Fund is fiscally sponsored by Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors (RPA), a nonprofit organization that currently advises on and manages more than $200 million in annual giving by individuals, families, corporations, and major foundations. As one of the world’s largest philanthropic service organizations, RPA has facilitated $3 billion in grantmaking to nearly 70 countries and serves as fiscal sponsor for more than 50 projects.

https://www.collectivefuturefund.org/about-us/

FSD3388 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Autumn 2019 Aineisto on käytettävissä (B) tutkimukseen, opetukseen ja opiskeluun. Lataa aineisto täältä Muunkieliset kuvailuversiot Aineistoon liittyvät tiedostot - Aineistoon ei liity muita kuvailevia tiedostoja Tekijät - Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) Asiasanat businesses, conditions of employment, economic competition, economic doctrines, employment, labour and employment, labour market, occupational life, strikes, unemployment, values Sisällön kuvaus The study charted Finnish people's values and attitudes. The themes of the Autumn 2019 survey included employment, working life, the job market, labour conditions and entrepreneurship. First, the respondents were presented with a variety of attitudinal statements concerning, among other topics, state-owned enterprises, conditions of unemployment benefits, meaningfulness of work, collective labour agreements, the right to strike, wealth and the market economy, the pension system, and entrepreneurship. Next, it was charted what factors made employment meaningful to the respondents. Several questions examined opinions on agreeing upon labour conditions locally between the employer and employee instead of collective labour agreements, and views were charted on the effects that local agreement would have on wages, labour conditions and the economy. The respondents opinions were also asked on the acceptability of different actions to take in the future in order to maintain the sustainability of the pension system. It was also charted whether the respondents thought there was too little, the right amount or too much competition in various industries. The respondents also shared their attitudes towards different economic systems and ideologies. Pertaining to business, the respondents rated the importance of different objectives of large enterprises (e.g. increasing value to stockholders, producing high-quality goods/services, increasing employment, paying taxes diligently, etc.), and assessed whether these objectives were being met to a sufficient extent in the operations of large corporations. Finally, the respondents' views on Finland's EU and EMU membership were examined, and they were asked whether they would vote for or against EU membership if a referendum was held at the time of the survey and if they had voted for or against the membership in 1994. Background variables included, among others, gender, age group, region of residence, size of the respondent's municipality of residence, education, employment sector, economic activity and occupational status, political party preference (which party the respondent would vote for), self-perceived social class, and household gross income. Aineiston kuvailu koneluettavassa DDI 2.0 -formaatissa Aineiston kuvailu on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä 4.0 Kansainvälinen -lisenssin mukaisesti.

https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/FSD3388?study_language=en

There is an urgent need for ambitious, cohesive and transformative economic policies and for Europe’s need to face challenges collectively, and in solidarity. But Europe must do more. The upcoming challenges are daunting: not just the ecological and economic failure brought on by the coronavirus pandemic and the risk of a debt-deflationary downward economic spiral, but also the economic divergences that have led to the rise of anti-Europe sentiment, nationalism and populism; and the grave, even terrifying ecological risks that transcend borders. Social Justice Ireland welcomes progress in Budget 2021on carbon tax, and the commitment to ringfence this revenue for sustainability measures. However we are still a considerable distance from a Just Transtion and the compensation meausures in Budget 2021 are not as comprehensive as they could have been. Budget 2021 must be judged by the degree to which it protects people from poverty, equips people and businesses to confront Covid-19 and Brexit, and addresses the climate and environmental crisis. The challenge for Government is to use the fiscal space available to introduce the necessary measures to support incomes and underpin the public health measures to save lives, preserve our economic capacity and prepare for the impact of a no-deal Brexit. Its response to this challenge in Budget 2021 has been mixed. 'Building a New Social Contract – Policy Recommendations’ contains more than eighty specific policy recommendations that would go a considerable direction towards a new social contract to improve the quality of life and wellbeing of everyone and ensure that a no-one is left behind as our economy and society recovers from the impact of Covid-19. As we look towards the future and rebuilding our society and our economy we have the opportunity to ensure that our investment strategy reduces carbon emissions, creates a vibrant society and economy, and supports a just transition. Here we outline investment priorities for Budget 2021. As we look towards the future and rebuilding our society and our economy the new Government must consider how we can ensure that our recovery package and investment priorities post COVID-19 help us build a sustainable society and economy, and also move us towards a just transition and meeting our climate targets by 2030. If a government is setting environmental goals, it is important that its taxation system supports these goals. There is great scope in Ireland for shifting the burden of taxation away from productive activity and onto activity which reduces social wellbeing, depletes natural resources and biodiversity, harms the environment, and contributes to climate change. The taxes that people and organisations pay should, to the greatest extent possible, be based on the value they subtract by their use of common resources. Ireland is one of the highest greenhouse gas emitters in the EU and we have the highest levels of emissions from agriculture. We are failing in the necessary planning, services and infrastructure to ensure communities, towns and villages across all regions can adapt to changes that required to move to a more sustainable future. Read Social Justice Ireland's Election Briefing on Sustainability for an outline of a number of key challenges facing Ireland and some policy proposals that should be in the next Programme for Government. Social Justice Ireland welcomes the Budget 2020 decision to increase the carbon tax from €20 per tonne to €26 per tonne. This is the first significant increase in the tax since it was introduced almost one decade ago, and we also welcome the commitment to ringfence the revenue to deal with the transition to a more carbon neutral economy. Social Justice Ireland 1-3 Burton Hall Road Sandyford Dublin 18 D18 A094 CHY Number: 19486 Email: secretary at socialjustice dot i e Tel: +353-1-290 3597 Working to build a just society where human rights are respected, human dignity is protected, human development is facilitated and the environment is respected and protected. This web site is developed and sponsored by the Activelink Web Exchange project.

https://www.socialjustice.ie/content/taxonomy/tags/carbon-tax

As we hurtle towards a human community of 9.7 billion people by the year 2050, coupled with new technologies and the growing challenges of our planet’s carrying capacity, there is more and more discussion of systems and how they change or are created. The post-war era has witnessed an... The Networked Change Report maps out the strategies and practices that made today’s most successful advocacy campaigns work, while so many others failed to create lasting change on the issues they address. We started by identifying advocacy campaigns over the last ten years that achieved... We characterize rates of intergenerational income mobility at each college in the United States using administrative data for over 30 million college students from 1999-2013. First, access to colleges varies greatly by parent income. Second, children from low and high-income families have very... Young adulthood is the life stage when the greatest increases in income and wealth typically occur, yet entering into this period during the Great Recession has put Millennials on a different trajectory. As a result, this generation will need to make very large gains in the years ahead to... Financial educators are particularly aware of the prevalence of these types of financial arrangements – otherwise known as family financial exchanges (FFEs). To support practitioners helping clients through these often sensitive conversations about these arrangements, the Consumer Financial... The coronavirus pandemic has tested the limits of Canadians over the past 20 months. What began as a health crisis quickly morphed into an economic crisis, with the spread of COVID‑19 shocking large segments of the economy and leaving many without paycheques. While no generation has been... While automation has changed the nature of work in Canada over the past few decades, this change was very gradual, and did not accelerate with the very recent developments in artificial intelligence. The results of this study reveal that the share of Canadians working in managerial, professional... Momentum is a changing-making organization located in Calgary, Alberta that works with people living on low incomes and partners in the community to create a thriving local economy for all. In 2008, Momentum launched the StartSmart program to support families living on low incomes to open... A report from Auditor General Karen Hogan concludes that the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) managed the Canada Child Benefit (CCB) program so that millions of eligible families received accurate and timely payments. The audit also reviewed the one-time additional payment of up to $300 per child issued... The Innovations in Financial Capability report is a collaborative report by National CAPACD and the Institute of Assets and Social Policy (IASP) at Brandeis University’s Heller School for Social Policy and Management, in partnership with Hawaiian Community Assets (HCA), and the Council for Native... In this paper, administrative Canadian tax data are exploited to compute measures of intergenerational income mobility at the national, provincial and territorial levels. This work provides detailed descriptive evidence on trends in social mobility. Five cohorts of Canadians, born between 1963 and... For the past 15 years, I have had the privilege of working at the Tamarack Institute, where we observe, document, and teach collective action to individuals and communities seeking to improve their social and economic conditions. We have landed on five core ideas to explain and teach this community... This article is about evolving frameworks for collective impact. CI is now a permanent – even dominant – part of the landscape of community change. We believe that it’s time for an evolution in the revolution. First, there has been enough experimentation with CI, by diverse communities... This infographic released by Statistics Canada shows some of the ways the Canadian workforce has changed from 1981 to 2018. Some of these changes include industry, pension coverage, whether jobs are full-time and permanent, and whether they are unionized. These changes have also not been uniform... This article in the Economic Insights series from Statistics Canada examines the economic well-being of millennials by comparing their household balance sheets to those of previous generations of young Canadians. Measured at the same point in their life course, millennials were relatively better... Around mid-June, physical distancing measures began easing across the country, giving Canadians more opportunities to spend money. However, COVID-19 is still with us, shopping habits have changed and there are 1.8 million fewer employed Canadians now than there were prior to the pandemic. How... This study of data from the Distributions of Household Economic Accounts compares households' economic well-being from a macro-economic accounts perspective, as measured by net saving and net worth for each generation when the major income earner for a household in one generation reached the same... The five-year Road Map is a community plan and builds on the EPE Strategy. It is shaped by what we heard from Edmontonians and responds to emerging issues and opportunities in a changing landscape. The Road Map will activate actions towards fulfilling the vision of ending poverty within a... System mapping is a process often cited in social change literature as an effective way to infuse systems thinking into strategy development and evaluation efforts. However, there is a dearth of practical “how to” guides to help stakeholders apply the principles of systems thinking to their... The rise of economic inequality has become a staple of policy debates and stump speeches. Less visible is the way the rise has altered the landscape of America’s urban neighborhoods. Two books should help change that. Matthew Desmond, an urban sociologist at Harvard, has delivered a jolt with... In this video presentation Andrew Heisz from Statistics Canada explains the changing household assets, debt, and income levels of Canadians of different age generations. This presentation was given at the Prosper Canada Policy Research Symposium on March 9, 2018. Read the slide deck that... Momentum is a change-making organization that acts as a bridge by taking an economic approach to poverty reduction and adding a social perspective to economic development initiatives. Our programs are holistic, covering everything from financial literacy, entrepreneurship and employment training,... This report documents the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on credit applications, which are among the very first credit market measures to change in credit report data in response to changes in economic activity. Using the Bureau’s Consumer Credit Panel, how applications for auto loans,... Research conducted by agencies such as AFOA, Native Women’s Association of Canada, and various other Canadian entities, has identified the need for improved financial literacy education in Indigenous communities, particularly among youth and Elders. Such research reports are often equipped with... This pilot study explores the delivery and effectiveness of MyBudgetCoach, a financial coaching program designed to help low- and moderate-income adults develop budgeting skills, set financial goals, and work towards those goals. Specifically, this study compares two modes of program delivery,...

https://learninghub.prospercanada.org/searchwp/?search-key=Gene%20Chan

Our Union of over 2000 churches is supported by staff in thirteen regional associations and three specialist teams based in Didcot, Oxfordshire. Our six Baptist Colleges prepare men and women for ministry and offer ongoing development and training. Home Mission Grants are given to support a variety of ministries in and through Baptist churches and chaplains across the country. It also enables all our churches and ministers to be supported and helped through the work of the Regional Associations and the specialist teams in Didcot. Safeguarding for the protection of adults and children from harm, abuse or neglect. Every church should adopt safeguarding policy statements for children, young people, and adults at risk. We help churches maintain safe environments for all, with processes to follow should something go wrong, and support for everyone involved. Our Resources Library has a wealth of guideline leaflets and information to help you and your church on a range of topics. You can also find a range of booklets, cards and our Baptists Together magazine available to buy from the Online Shop. These are among the findings of The UK Church In Action, which was commissioned by World Vision UK in partnership with research firm Barna Global. The report was launched on Thursday (24 May) at Lambeth Palace to a group of church leaders and charitable organisations, and is intended to be used as a resource for churches to assist them in engaging more deliberately in social justice and identifying clear mission goals, both locally and globally. The study is among the most comprehensive examinations of the general public’s attitudes towards the church and surveyed 2,054 British adults, 1,170 active Christians as well as 302 church leaders from various denominations. The report aimed to explore not only the role of the church in modern Britain, but faith leaders' attitudes toward mission and social justice and the importance of mission within the church context. The UK Church in Action showed how church leaders had perceived a swing towards social justice over the last decade, ahead of evangelism, in the context of mission. In the future, the leaders surveyed in the report believe there needs to be much more of an equal importance between the two. The report found that UK church leaders primarily associate “social justice” with advocacy or “working for the common good of others” and that they overwhelmingly believed it to be a crucial component of the church’s mission. Many identified “poverty assistance” as the top way in which they hoped their church would pursue social justice. It found that approximately one third (31 per cent) of the UK population struggle to identify the needs the UK church should meet. For those who did see a role for the UK church, many identified working with the elderly and supporting those who are homeless as areas in which faith communities could provide a useful contribution. David Kinnaman, co-founder of Barna Global said, 'We have noted a growing trend to define the mission of the church less exclusively about evangelism, but increasingly to include social justice and working for and with the poor and the marginalised. 'This study has highlighted that, while churches are prioritising social action and often delivering on those priorities, their efforts are not always widely recognised by the wider population.' Tim Pilkington, CEO of World Vision UK said, 'The launch of ‘The UK Church In Action’ marks an important moment for the church in this country. The report shows us that over 60 per cent of Christians want to know more about global mission but many of those outside the church are unaware of the good work being done. 'We are encouraged that churches are keen to engage in social justice and World Vision welcomes the opportunity to partner with the church in the UK so that together we can equip Christians and inspire non Christians around the social justice agenda they care about.

https://www.baptist.org.uk/Articles/522615/The_UK_Church.aspx

Our Union of over 2000 churches is supported by staff in thirteen regional associations and three specialist teams based in Didcot, Oxfordshire. Our six Baptist Colleges prepare men and women for ministry and offer ongoing development and training. Home Mission Grants are given to support a variety of ministries in and through Baptist churches and chaplains across the country. It also enables all our churches and ministers to be supported and helped through the work of the Regional Associations and the specialist teams in Didcot. Safeguarding for the protection of adults and children from harm, abuse or neglect. Every church should adopt safeguarding policy statements for children, young people, and adults at risk. We help churches maintain safe environments for all, with processes to follow should something go wrong, and support for everyone involved. Our Resources Library has a wealth of guideline leaflets and information to help you and your church on a range of topics. You can also find a range of booklets, cards and our Baptists Together magazine available to buy from the Online Shop. These are among the findings of The UK Church In Action, which was commissioned by World Vision UK in partnership with research firm Barna Global. The report was launched on Thursday (24 May) at Lambeth Palace to a group of church leaders and charitable organisations, and is intended to be used as a resource for churches to assist them in engaging more deliberately in social justice and identifying clear mission goals, both locally and globally. The study is among the most comprehensive examinations of the general public’s attitudes towards the church and surveyed 2,054 British adults, 1,170 active Christians as well as 302 church leaders from various denominations. The report aimed to explore not only the role of the church in modern Britain, but faith leaders' attitudes toward mission and social justice and the importance of mission within the church context. The UK Church in Action showed how church leaders had perceived a swing towards social justice over the last decade, ahead of evangelism, in the context of mission. In the future, the leaders surveyed in the report believe there needs to be much more of an equal importance between the two. The report found that UK church leaders primarily associate “social justice” with advocacy or “working for the common good of others” and that they overwhelmingly believed it to be a crucial component of the church’s mission. Many identified “poverty assistance” as the top way in which they hoped their church would pursue social justice. It found that approximately one third (31 per cent) of the UK population struggle to identify the needs the UK church should meet. For those who did see a role for the UK church, many identified working with the elderly and supporting those who are homeless as areas in which faith communities could provide a useful contribution. David Kinnaman, co-founder of Barna Global said, 'We have noted a growing trend to define the mission of the church less exclusively about evangelism, but increasingly to include social justice and working for and with the poor and the marginalised. 'This study has highlighted that, while churches are prioritising social action and often delivering on those priorities, their efforts are not always widely recognised by the wider population.' Tim Pilkington, CEO of World Vision UK said, 'The launch of ‘The UK Church In Action’ marks an important moment for the church in this country. The report shows us that over 60 per cent of Christians want to know more about global mission but many of those outside the church are unaware of the good work being done. 'We are encouraged that churches are keen to engage in social justice and World Vision welcomes the opportunity to partner with the church in the UK so that together we can equip Christians and inspire non Christians around the social justice agenda they care about.

https://www.baptist.org.uk/Articles/522615/The_UK_Church.aspx

As an astute social worker and professional policy advocate, once you have selected and identified a social problem, you begin the process of creating and implementing a policy that addresses that social problem. One of the first things you do in the implementation process is an analysis of the social policy you identified. There is always the possibility that the policy created and implemented to address the social problem you identified is not viable for a variety of reasons. In this case, you must explore a policy alternative. In Part 4 of your ongoing Social Change Project assignment, you identify a policy alternative to the social problem you identified. Complete Part 4 of your Social Change Project. Address the following items within a 3-4 page paper: What is the policy alternative? What, if any, change(s) in the policy alternative are necessary and where will they need to occur (local, state, national, and international)? Is this policy alternative congruent with social work values? Explain. What is the feasibility of the alternative policy (political, economic, and administrative)? Does the policy alternative meet the policy goals (e.g., social equality, redistribution of resources, social work values, and ethics)? What are the forces that are for/against the policy? What policy advocacy skills can be used to support the policy alternative? How does the current policy affect clinical social work practice with clients? What changes could be made in the policy to support the needs of clients seeking clinical services? Provide an update on the advocacy activities your proposed in the Week 6 Assignment. Make sure that your assertions are supported by appropriate research and reputable resources. In text citations and full references Resources Jansson, B. S. (2018). Becoming an effective policy advocate: From policy practice to social justice (8th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Series. Chapter 11, “Developing Political Strategy and Putting It into Action in the Policy-Enacting Task” (pp. 372-419) We've got everything to become your favourite writing service Money back guarantee Your money is safe. Even if we fail to satisfy your expectations, you can always request a refund and get your money back. Confidentiality We don’t share your private information with anyone. What happens on our website stays on our website. Our service is legit We provide you with a sample paper on the topic you need, and this kind of academic assistance is perfectly legitimate. Get a plagiarism-free paper We check every paper with our plagiarism-detection software, so you get a unique paper written for your particular purposes. We can help with urgent tasks Need a paper tomorrow? We can write it even while you’re sleeping. Place an order now and get your paper in 8 hours. Pay a fair price Our prices depend on urgency. If you want a cheap essay, place your order in advance. Our prices start from $11 per page.

https://writall.com/wk9-socw-6361-project-part-4-identification-of-a-policy-alternative/

The Global Fund for Community Foundations and Root Change, are delighted to announce the inaugural cohort of the 2022 #ShiftThePower Fellows. The twelve Fellows, who come from ten different countries and who represent the diversity of the civil society and social change eco-system, were selected from a competitive field of over 140 applicants who applied over the course of a week back in March. The six-month Fellowship is an experimental approach aimed at strengthening the collective “weave” between change-makers around the world and, by doing so, at deepening and expanding the #ShiftThePower movement. It builds on the GFCF and Root Change’s shared interest in what is often invisible, relational, power that is essential to a thriving “root system” for social change that is shaped and driven from the ground up. Fellows will dedicate a fixed number of hours per month to the programme: while each will determine their own specific focus and line of inquiry, all will become versed in the power of social network analysis in theory and practice while expanding their own networks of solidarity and influence. The #ShiftThePower Fellowship forms part of the larger Giving for Change programme funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs which seeks to strengthen community philanthropy as a form of and force for freedom of expression and rights claiming. The 2022 #ShiftThePower Fellows Catherine Gordo (GlobalGiving, Philippines) With more than 15 years of experience working with partners and communities, Catherine believes that “policies, structures, processes, and organizational culture can either facilitate or hinder community-led change, but so does one’s behavior, attitudes, and language.“ Deepthy Menon (Urgent Action Fund for Women’s Rights, Asia & Pacific, Cambodia) Deepthy is a storyteller who currently lives and breathes new feminist realities. She honed her storytelling skills over years spent as a journalist, and later as a communications strategist, documenter, and researcher across fields as diverse as gender and rights-based advocacy, energy justice, and data-driven decision-making. “As a seeker of patterns and storyteller, I look forward to conversations that seed new ideas, and to give and receive confidence to experiment and expand ways in which we can share power and the privilege we wield.” Elizaphan Ogechi (Nguzo Africa, Kenya) Elizaphan works at the intersection of governance, sustainable development, and community philanthropy and has more than 18 years of experience in the non-profit sector. “ShiftThePower means changing mindsets on how development happens both at the donor (giving) side and community (receiving) side. It is about adding value,being flexible, responsive and innovative in development delivery. It is about giving power to communities to know their value, voice their aspirations and become resilient and prosperous. It is about taking a pause to cool off, reflect and ask about past, current and future development scenarios.” Eme Iniekung (Philanthropy Circuit, Nigeria) Eme is the Program Coordinator for Philanthropy Circuit; a pan-African-focused non-profit providing access to critical knowledge, resources, and tools to strengthen African nonprofits and development stakeholders. She supports an ecosystem of learning and collaborations actively amplifying the practice of African philanthropy. Eme is keen on fostering an enabling environment and social impact through systems change work. She does this as a member of the Special National Advisory on CSOs Group, and as part of the Africa Civic Engagement Academy. She is also a member of the Re-imagining INGO Social Lab and the WINGS Enabling Environment Working Group. Her philosophy is summed up in the words of Everjoice Win: “We are the ones we have been waiting for.” Emmanuel Kivanyuma Waiswa (Civil Collective, Uganda) Emmanuel is a farmer and a grassroots enthusiast with a passion for community-led development. “At Civil Collective, we have a belief that poor people should be given the space and resources to self-determine and develop local capacities to overcome inequalities, of which the lack of money is just one part. I hope that the next six months of the fellowship can bring us all together, to share experiences, as well as attempt to formulate an agenda on how we can confront large mainstream ineffective aid systems at home and globally.” Jimm Chick Fomunjong (West Africa Civil Society Institute, Cameroon) “My quest for being a part of this fellowship lies in the critical and growing need to have more thought leaders who do not only understand the pertinence of the #ShiftThePower movement within the sector, but more so, who are willing to contribute their quota to shift the needle in this regard and make sure there is an actual power shift in the sector. I am therefore motivated by this to learn from my peers and to share insights on ways through which we can collectively join efforts to strengthen and to make the needed shift happen.” Mariane Maier Nunes (Member of the Advisory Board, ICOM – Instituto Comunitário Grande Florianópolis, Brazil) “Establishing and strengthening collective initiatives to promote structural changes in social justice really drives me. During my time as an Executive Director of a community foundation in Brazil, I have designed and tested different methodologies and initiatives for movement building and community strengthening in complex environments. I have learned that enabling change is about connecting, convening and building bridges with and between people. In the spirit of convening, I am excited to co-create this journey with a network of change-makers. Together we will reflect and dream of a radically different future.” Mwila Chriseddy Bwanga (Africa Philanthropy Network, Tanzania) “In my quest to unify community voices and actions in championing Africa’s transformation, the #ShiftThePower fellowship presents itself as an opportunity to harness my advocacy, expand my intellectual horizon, and connect with like-minded leaders that are driven with an undivided passion to #ShiftThePower and manifest real change.” Nino Ugrekhelidze (VOICE Amplified, Spain) Nino is a feminist activist with over ten years of experience working with global and grassroots-based organizations to advance gender justice and human rights. Nino supports VOICE Amplified as a Lead on Philanthropic Advocacy for the Ukraine crisis response and serves the Coalition of Feminists for Social Change (COFEM) as a Coordination Committee Member. Nino is engaged in grassroots movement organizing in Eastern Europe, focusing on the leadership of young girls and women from conflict-affected areas, capacity building of LGBTQIA+ people, and the development of community philanthropy. Ogo Chukwudi (TrustAfrica, Nigeria) Ogo is a development professional and has spent the past seven years in the development sector working to improve the world’s complex social issues. She joined TrustAfrica in 2018 as a Project Associate for the Kiisi Trust Fund, where she worked closely with key community stakeholders to identify and fund initiatives that empowers and bring sustainable development to Ogoniland, Nigeria. Ogo is currently a Program Associate for the Equitable Development and African Philanthropy programmes at TrustAfrica, where she works on initiatives that meet the needs of underserved communities through policies and programmes that reduce disparities. She is an inaugural member of the Karibu Foundation New Reality Grant (KNRG) core group, a programme run by the Karibu Foundation based in Norway. The core group comprises six African activists working to co-create a new grantmaking programme. Robert White (Tilitonse Foundation, Malawi) “I want to be part of the movement that builds a case and influences the development discourse with a more people led paradigm shift that brings power to the ‘ground’ at all levels. This fellowship provides me the opportunity to contribute towards changing mind-sets, behaviours and practices that have shaped development and poverty reduction initiatives over the years (but have not succeeded as expected). The fellowship will also provide me the opportunity to learn from others in the ever changing development architecture. I believe that by the end of my fellowship, we will have pooled knowledge together for sharing and learning that will contribute towards influencing development policy and practice.” Wanjiru Kanyiha (Kilimani Project Foundation, Kenya) Wanjiru is a lawyer by training, an advocate of the High Court of Kenya, and an advocate for social justice and good governance. Wanjiru currently heads the Kilimani Project Foundation, a membership community foundation established in 2012 by and for multi-interest stakeholders, residents, corporates, micro-enterprises, and public space occupiers. Through transformative, innovative methods, the foundation seeks to activate the community’s constitutional rights through empowering and informing as well as facilitating platforms for engaging amongst themselves and various stakeholders. Wanjiru is a passionate change-maker, keen on social impact broadly defined, community organizing and women’s empowerment.

https://shiftthepower.org/2022/06/07/announcing-the-2022-shiftthepower-fellows/

Philofem: The Manifesto Or the case for equality. I want to share our vision for women and the world at Philofem. I hope this manifesto will continue to give us roots to grow from in our collective efforts to heal the Feminine principle on our planet, thus bringing healing to all of life. - Feminism is the belief that women ought to be equal to men in rights, freedom, and power in society. It is the extension of women’s rights to reach that equality in the arenas of justice, economics, politics, and social ideology. - The emancipation of all women is necessary to achieve complete equality between men and women. - The Masculine and Feminine are complimentary in their strengths. One is not superior to the other. - The equal and full participation of women in all spheres of life in the world is essential for the harmony of all life. - The systematic denial of women’s rights is an affront to human dignity and divinity. Such an attitude promotes destructive attitudes and reactions that become passed onto all branches of society, ultimately destroying life around itself. - Without equality, humanity will not be able to establish social justice and global peace. - The denial of equality between men and women lead to violence, the denial of basic human rights and education, and it turns women into a sub-category of humanity. - The oppression of woman oppresses the existence of compassion towards life. - The unwillingness of men to take responsibility for equality will remain an impediment to the global shifts that need to occur to restore balance in the world and heal its violent ways. - The elimination of discrimination against girls and women is a moral, spiritual, and social imperative. Onward women!

https://philofem.org/philofem-the-manifesto/

The reason why I like Python so much is the way I can solve some simple problems – solutions are simple and good looking. One of the examples I use to give when asked “what does it mean that code is good looking” is checking if word is a palindrome. Here’s a brief introduction: A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of units that may be read the same way in either direction, with general allowances for adjustments to punctuation and word dividers. The problem is trivial, but there are multiple ways of providing the solution and only one of them is – in my oppinion – good looking. The general idea is simple – we have to revert a string and compare it with the original one. OK, let’s do it in the most “natural” way (of course in a real life I’d use some variables, not an explicit strings): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In : "abcba".reverse() ----------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) /home/michal/<ipython-input-41-ddc2d097f3ec> in <module>() ----> 1 "abcba".reverse() AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'reverse' Ouch! String does not have a reverse() method – too bad! But even if it does – in case of lists it reverses them in place, which not always is the result we want to achieve. Anyway – it’s not a good solution. How about this one: 1 2 In : "abcba" == reversed("abcba") Out: False What?! Oh, yes… A reversed() method does not create a string, but a “reversed object” instead, which can’t be compared with string. 1 2 In : print reversed("abcba") <reversed object at 0x12ba190> The expected result can be achvieved with the following code: 1 2 In : print ''.join(reversed("abcba")) abcba It works, but I don’t like it. Any other ideas? YES. It is called “slices”. Yes, it’s this thing with a square bracket syntax – you have to know it. But did you know that it does not only make use of two arguments (begin, end) separated with a semicolon, but it also have a third one? This syntax is called “extended slices” and works this way: 1 2 In : "abcba" == "abcba"[::-1] Out: True All you need to revert a string (or list) is a [::-1]. And it makes a shallow copy, so you don’t loose your original object. Short, simple, nice – this is why I love Python.

http://devblog.michalski.im/2012/03/18/finding-a-palindrome-using-python/

The easiest way to sort is with the sorted(list) function, which takes a list and returns a new list with those elements in sorted order. The original list is not changed. The sorted() function can be customized though optional arguments. The sorted() optional argument reverse=True, e.g. sorted(list, reverse=True), makes it sort backwards. - Python Lists Cheat Sheet - Python Programming – List Functions And Methods - How to Sort Python Dictionaries by Key or Value Examples Sorting Examples Create a list with some numbers in it numbers = [5, 1, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 9] prints the numbers sorted print sorted(numbers) the original list of numbers are not changed print numbers my_string = ['aa', 'BB', 'zz', 'CC', 'dd', "EE"] if no argument is used, it will use the default (case sensitive) print sorted(my_string) using the reverse argument, will print the list reversed print sorted(strs, reverse=True) ## ['zz', 'aa', 'CC', 'BB'] More Reading Please see the python wiki for more things to do with sorting.

https://pythonarray.com/how-to-use-sorting-in-python/

The Rimbu Immutable List structure is implemented in TypeScript as a block-based structure, similar to Vectors in Scala and Clojure. However the implementation differs radically in many ways from any known existing List/Vector implementation. One requirement for the Rimbu List was to allow for random insertion and deletion, which the other Vector implementations do not allow. There are other implementations (see below) that do allow insertion and deletion, however the Rimbu List uses a different approach. To key to efficient insertion and deletion is to have efficient splits and concatenation. These should both be of complexity O(log(N)) for large N. When this is the case, it follows that insertion and deletion are also O(log(N)), since they can be represented as combinations of splits and concatenations. For example, imagine a List with elements (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) (this is not a good example for O(log(N)) since N here is very small, but it serves as an example). We want to insert values (10, 11) at index 2. This can be done as follows: - Split the list at index 2: (0, 1), (2, 3, 4, 5) - Concatenate the first part with the values to insert: (0, 1) + (10, 11) => (0, 1, 10, 11) - Concatenate the result with the last part from 1: (0, 1, 10, 11) + (2, 3, 4, 5) => (0, 1, 10, 11, 2, 3, 4, 5) In total this takes 3 times O(log(N)), which is still O(log(N)). Similarly, we can remove 2 values at index 2 from the same List (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) as follows: - Split the list at index 2: (0, 1), (2, 3, 4, 5) - Split the second list at index 2: (2, 3), (4, 5) - Concatenate the first list from 1 with the second list from 2: (0, 1) + (4, 5) => (0, 1, 4, 5) Again, this takes 3 times O(log(N)), which is still O(log(N)). Underlying structure Block size As mentioned, a List is based on blocks of size S = 2^B where B >= 2. However, where default Scala and Clojure Vectors require all blocks to be exactly S = 2^B size, the List relaxes this requirement to be ((2^B) / 2) < S <= 2^B. Some more advanced implementations of Vectors also have such a relaxation to allow for more flexibility. Without this flexibility, it is not possible to concatenate in O(log(N)), since it may require shifting all elements in a Vector to make the blocks well aligned with another Vector. Structure Another difference with existing Vectors is the way blocks are connected and navigated to find elements at a certain index. A common Vector has one entry block, which contains information about its sub-blocks. Each sub-block again has information about its sub-blocks, until a leaf is reached which contains the element to be retrieved. This makes all operations relatively constant in access time: O(log(N)). Some implementations use 'caching' strategies to make successive access to values in the same block quicker. The Rimbu List has a different strategy. At the entry level, is has pointers to 3 blocks: The first leaf block, the last leaf block, and a middle section. The middle section is a recursive List of Lists. More on that later. The consequence is that the first and last blocks are always immediately accessible: O(1). Often List-like structures are used mostly to append or prepend values and to look at the first and last values. The List is therefore very suitable for such cases. Then about the middle section. As mentioned, this is a List of Lists. Meaning, that again, it has references to three parts: the first block of sub-lists, the last block of sub-lists, and a middle section again containing a List of sub-lists (and so forth). Because the first and last blocks now contain blocks instead of elements, finding a specific element requires finding the corresponding sub-list in the first or last block, and then retrieving the element in that sub-list. The consequence is that, while elements at the start or end of the list are accessed very quickly, elements at the middle of the collection take longer to retrieve (for a large collection or small block size), but still O(log(N)). Concatenation The nice thing about this structure is that splitting and concatenation become nice recursive features. In the case of a split, this involves finding the leaf block containing the split, splitting that leaf block, and setting the remainder of the block as the new top-level end block. The sub-block that used to point to the leaf block is split to no longer include the elements from the selected leaf block. The remained is concatenated with the middle section. This happens recursively. Since the amount of nesting levels of the tree is O(log(N)), it follows that the process of splitting is O(log(N)). A similar process happens for concatenation. For List A and B to be concatenated, the last block of A and first block of B are concatenated. The resulting block is then appended to the middle section of List A, and the middle section of B is then concatenated. Again, this happens recursively for each level, resulting in O(log(N)) for concatenation. Reversal Each block in a List can be reversed without copying the underlying data. Basically, each block has a boolean indicating whether the block elements should be read from left to right, or right to left. To reverse a block, the pointer to the elements remains the same, but the new block has an inverted boolean. Therefore, to reverse an entire List, each block needs to flip its switch. There are approx. log(N) blocks in a List, therefore reversing a List has complexity O(log(N)). A List can have mixed reversed and non-reversed blocks, which is necessary to keep the same performance when concatenating a non-reversed and a reversed List. In such a case, at most some elements will need to be copied since within a block all elements need to have the same direction. But other blocks can be kept as is. Efficiency Complexity The nature of the List data structure is such that retrieving random elements has complexity O(logB(N)), where N is the length of the collection, and B is the block size. While not bad, this is still slow compared to an Array, which has constant access time (O(1)). However, knowing the characteristics of the List implementation can help circumventing this drawback. Firstly, retrieval time in a List depends on the index within the List. At both the start and the end of the List, the complexity is O(1). The complexity increases to a maximum of O(logB(N)) towards the middle of the List. The consequence is that, for large Lists, it takes more time to retrieve an element towards the middle of a list than at the start or end. Secondly, the List makes it easy to retrieve subparts using .slice or .streamRange. Imagine we have a List of 10,000 elements. We have some algorithm that averages 10 consecutive values of the list at some index. The worst thing we can do is write a for-loop that performs List.get(i) 10 times, because it will take 10 times O(logB(10000)). A better idea would be to use the .slice or .streamRange methods. Both only take one time the O(logB(10000)) and then allow nearly constant time access to the subsequent values.

https://rimbu.org/docs/advanced/list

She has already begun making the new board – she has chosen the number of spaces N (the spaces are numbered from 1 to N) and she has made a list with M connections (each connection has a direction and there is no connection that connects a space with itself). If space i is connected to space j, then there is no direct connection in the opposite direction, i.e. from space j to space i, and also, there are no other direct connections from space i to space j. Deni thought that she was ready with the new board, but suddenly she noticed that the condition she wants (when you move from space to space, using the connections, you cannot return to a previously visited space) doesn’t hold for her list of connections. She first thought to remove some of the direct connections, but that will result in rewriting the list, which can be really long. That’s why Deni decided to reverse the direction of some of the directed connections. You are regularly playing monopoly with Deni. That’s why you want to help her by writing the program, which has to tell her which connections to reverse so that the stated condition will hold. The program has to contain the function find_reverse which will be compiled with the jury’s program. The function find_reverse must have the following prototype: std::string find_reverse (int N, int M, int connections); It is called only once by the jury’s program with three parameters: N – the number of spaces in the new board, M – the number of directed connections in Deni’s list and the array connections which has M rows, each consisting of two numbers x and y – the beginning and ending spaces for the directed connection. This function should return a binary string of length M – in the order of the array connections, for each connection you have to put ‘1’ in the string, if the connection has to be reversed and ‘0’, otherwise. If there is more than one solution, you can return any of them. You have to submit to the system the file monopoly.cpp, which contains implementation of the function find_reverse. The file may contain other functions and code, needed for your program, but it must not contain a main function – main. Also, you should not try to read from the standard input nor try to write to the standard output! |번호||배점||제한| |1||15| N ≤ 7, M ≤ 21 |2||40| N ≤ 103, M ≤ 5 × 103 |3||25| N ≤ 105, M ≤ 5 × 105 |4||20| N ≤ 5 × 105, M ≤ 1.5 × 106 For local testing you are given the file Lgrader.cpp. You have to place it in the same folder as your program monopoly.cpp and you have to compile together the files Lgrader.cpp and monopoly.cpp. In such a way, you will make a program to check the correctness of your function. The program will require the following sequence of data from the standard input: The output of the program will be the binary string that you found. |Input||Output||Explanation| | | 6 12 1 2 1 5 2 3 2 5 3 4 3 6 4 1 4 5 5 3 5 6 6 1 6 4 | | 100000101011 | | The connections that are reversed are: (1,2), (4, 1), (5, 3), (6, 1), (6, 4). The figure above is showing the spaces, firstly, with the directed connections from Deni’s list and, secondly, after reversing the direction of the connections with corresponding ‘1’ in the output. Clearly, in the beginning using the directed connections (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4) and (4, 1) we can start from space 1 and moving along these directed connections, we will return to that space. One can see that Deni’s condition holds in the resulting board. Notice that there are other valid solutions:

https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/24259

MIRE provides an RS-232 port that is functionally compatible to the Radio Shack add-on card for the original Expansion Interface. Refer to documentation for the Radio Shack RS-232 card for operational details. There are a few differences from the original implementation: The new I/O registers are summarized below: Port 0xE6 (WO): Sense Switch Control Bit 7 - Sense switch 7 (even parity enable) Bit 6 - Sense switch 6 (word length select 1) Bit 5 - Sense switch 5 (word length select 2) Bit 4 - Sense switch 4 (stop bit select) Bit 3 - Sense switch 3 (parity inhibit) Bit 2 - Sense switch 2 (baud rate 3) Bit 1 - Sense switch 1 (baud rate 1) Bit 0 - Sense switch 0 (baud rate 2) Port 0xE6 (RO): Baud Rate Settings Bits 7:4 - Transmit baud rate Bits 3:0 - Receive baud rate Port 0xE7 (RO): UART Control Settings Bit 7 - Even parity enable Bit 6 - Word length select 1 Bit 5 - Word length select 2 Bit 4 - Stop bit select Bit 3 - Parity inhibit Bit 2 - Break Bit 1 - DTR* Bit 0 - RTS* Ports 0xE8-0xEB: Per Radio Shack implementation *Some Radio Shack documentation has these bits incorrectly reversed in its description of I/O port 0xEAH. MIRE uses a standard male DE-9 connector for RS-232. There is also a PCB site for an optional 10-pin box header. Be careful if you decide to use this, since there are two common pinouts for RS-232 headers. The pinout used by MIRE is called "AT/Everex" and duplicates the pin numbers on the DE-9 connector: pin 1 on each is the same signal, so is pin 2, etc. There is fairly common on PC motherboards that provide for RS-232 ports on a separate bracket. Here is the pinout: |DE-9 Pin||Header Pin||RS-232 Signal| |1||1||DCD - Data Carrier Detect| |2||2||RXD - Receive Data| |3||3||TXD - Transmit Data| |4||4||DTR - Data Terminal Ready| |5||5||GND - System Ground| |6||6||DSR - Data Set Ready| |7||7||RTS - Request to Send| |8||8||CTS - Clear to Send| |9||9||RI - Ring Indicator| |-||10||No Connection| The other common pinout is called "DTK/Intel" and the pin numbers are jumbled to make hookup easier. For example a simple crimped-on ribbon cable DE-9 connector uses this. It is incompatible with MIRE.

http://bartlettlabs.com/MIRE/doc/RS-232.html

Python program to find the middle element of a random number list : In this python programming tutorial, we will learn how to find out the mid number in a number list. For example, if the list is [1,6,5,4,3], the mid element is 4. Because two numbers 1,3 are less than 4 and two elements 5,6 are greater than 4. Our list will contain an odd number of elements. Algorithm : You can solve this problem by iterating through each element of the list one by one and testing each element if it is the middle element or not. We can check it by comparing the count of all smaller and bigger elements in the list. If for a number, the list contains an equal amount of smaller and bigger numbers, it will be the middle number in that list. The main problem of this solution is that we need to iterate through the list multiple times. Another way and the most preferred way to solve this problem is by sorting the list. If we sort the list, it will move the middle element to the centre. Using the length of the list, we can find out the mid element easily. Sorting a list in python : Python comes with one inbuilt method ‘sort()’ to sort elements of a list in ascending or descending order. It doesn’t take any parameter but optionally you can pass one parameter ‘reverse’ to sort the list in reversed order. If ‘reverse’ is ’True’, the list will be sorted in reversed order. Else, it will sort the list in increasing order, which is the default behavior. sort() method doesn’t return any value. It will modify the original list. In this example, we will sort the list in default order. Actually, we can sort it in any order we want. The mid element will be placed always in the middle if the list is sorted. Python program : #1 my_list = [4,3,2,9,10,44,1] #2 my_list.sort() #3 print("sorted list is ",my_list) #4 print("mid value is ",my_list[int(len(my_list)/2)]) You can also download this program from here. Explanation : The commented numbers in the above program denote the step numbers below : - my_list is the given list, we need to find out the mid element of this list. Here, the list is already given. You can modify the program to populate the list by reading the list elements from the user. Take the length of the list from the user, use one for loop to read the items one by one and append them to the list. - As explained above, using the .sort() method, we can sort a list in python. This method doesn’t return any value. It sorts all elements in the list we are calling sort() or it will modify the original list. - Print out the sorted list. - Print the middle value of the sorted list by accessing the size of the list/2 position. To get the length of a list, we are using len(list) method. len(list) method returns the length of a list. Dividing this value by 2 will give us the middle position. Output : Similar tutorials :

https://www.codevscolor.com/python-find-middle-element-random-number-list

Virtual characters contribute strongly to the entire visuals of 3D animated films. However, designing believable characters remains a challenging task. Artists rely on stylization to increase appeal or expressivity, exaggerating or softening specific features. In this paper we analyze two of the most influential factors that define how a character looks: shape and material. With the help of artists, we design a set of carefully crafted stimuli consisting of different stylization levels for both parameters, and analyze how different combinations affect the perceived realism, appeal, eeriness, and familiarity of the characters. Moreover, we additionally investigate how this affects the perceived intensity of different facial expressions (sadness, anger, happiness, and surprise). Our experiments reveal that shape is the dominant factor when rating realism and expression intensity, while material is the key component for appeal. Furthermore, our results show that realism alone is a bad predictor for appeal, eeriness, or attractiveness. Resources |[PDF]||[Paper@ACM]||[Supplemental Material]||[Stimuli]||[Slides-PPT]||[Slides-PDF]||[BibTex]| Obtaining 3d Scenes We make our 3d scenes available for academic research purposes. However, as human face is very personal, we only send the data to approved researchers and ask you to use this data only in appropriate context (no sexual or degrading context, no explosions etc.). To obtain a copy, please send an email to Prof. Mario Botsch stating (1) your name, title, affiliation (2) your intended use of the data (3) a statement saying that you accept the following terms of licensing: The rights to copy, distribute, and use the data you are being given access to are under the control of Prof. Dr. Mario Botsch, head of the Computer Graphics & Geometry Processing Group, Bielefeld University. You are hereby given permission to copy this data in electronic or hardcopy form for your own scientific use and to distribute it for scientific use to colleagues within your research group. Inclusion of rendered images or video made from this data in a scholarly publication (printed or electronic) is also permitted. In this case, credit must be given to the publication: To Stylize or not to Stylize? The Effect of Shape and Material Stylization on the Perception of Computer-Generated Faces. However, the data may not be included in the electronic version of a publication, nor placed on the Internet. These restrictions apply to any representations (other than images or video) derived from the data, including but not limited to simplifications, remeshing, and the fitting of smooth surfaces. The making of physical replicas this data is prohibited, and the data may not be distributed to students in connection with a class. For any other use, including distribution outside your research group, written permission is required from Prof. Dr. Mario Botsch. Any commercial use of the data is prohibited. Commercial use includes but is not limited to sale of the data, derivatives, replicas, images, or video, inclusion in a product for sale, or inclusion in advertisements (printed or electronic), on commercially-oriented web sites, or in trade shows.

https://graphics.uni-bielefeld.de/publications/2015/sigasia2015/sigasia2015.html

Pathophysiology identifies the changes that occur when a function of the body is compromised by disease, injury or other abnormality. In NRHL 6508 Advanced Pathophysiology you will explore the application of advanced knowledge of the complex physiological functions and pathophysiological processes to the care of individuals with healthcare problems. In this course, you will analyze the function of all systems of the body, identifying irregularities and analyzing symptoms, causes, medical procedures and follow-up care. Each week you’ll examine a different body system, discussing its function and possible inconsistencies with fellow classmates and your instructor. As you go through each system, you will gain insights and advanced knowledge that will help you apply this knowledge in a wide variety of clinical settings. What You’ll Learn in NRHL 6508 In this course, you will examine the alterations in function as well as adaptive, integrative and regulatory mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, organ and system levels. Course Topics Throughout this course, weekly topics may include but are not limited to: - Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation - Alterations in Neurological Function - Alterations in Musculoskeletal and Integumentary System Function - Alterations in the Cardiovascular System - Alterations in Pulmonary and Digestive Functions - Alterations in Endocrine, Metabolic and Reproductive Functions - Alterations in Hematologic Functions - Alterations in Renal and Urologic Systems. Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Burns in Adults Planning Your Time Course Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of NRHL 6508, you will be able to: - Apply knowledge of physiological alterations and pathophysiological processes to disorders and diseases manifested across the lifespan. - Discuss current research in pathophysiology related to select patient case studies of pathophysiological processes across the lifespan. - Describe the relevant findings of diagnostic or other evaluative studies as they relate to pathophysiological processes. - Integrate concepts of pathophysiology to clinical reasoning to provide health promotion, disease prevention and management. - Differentiate between normal and abnormal compensatory mechanisms as the body response to disease. - Discuss the issues and considerations associated with the pathophysiological changes among special populations (e.g., children). - Assess, apply, and analyze new research, knowledge, and healthcare policies to solve nursing problems, initiate changes, and improve nursing practices. - Use comprehensive databases and information technologies to research, analyze, and plan strategies for problem solving. - Analyze the impact of cultural, developmental, genetic, environmental, behavioral, and economic factors that may influence pathophysiological alterations and contribute to increased risk of disease. - Discuss the link between pathophysiological alterations and targeted interventions to promote or restore health. *Disclaimer: Course content and outcomes may vary and are subject to change without notice. Request More Information Today To learn more about the online Master of Science in Nursing curriculum from Benedictine University, including Advanced Pathophysiology, call (866) 295-3104 to speak with a program manager or request more information.

https://online.ben.edu/programs/msn/courses/advanced-pathophysiology

A mother’s high-fat diet during pregnancy could have a lasting impact on the bacteria living in her baby’s gut, according to a study published in the open access journal Genome Medicine. Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine in the US examined a cohort of 157 women and their newborn babies, and found an association between the mothers’ diets and distinct changes in their offspring’s microbiome, which could affect energy extraction from food and early immune development. The changes in the babies’ microbiomes were present from birth until at least six weeks of age. The findings have implications for dietary recommendations in pregnancy, the researchers suggest. Dr. Kjersti Aagaard, the corresponding author on the study and associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Baylor, said: “Diet is very amenable to change and women are highly motivated to make healthy changes during pregnancy. Traditionally, dietary interventions during pregnancy have focused on micronutrients, such as iron and folic acid. We speculate that there may be a sound argument to also discuss and estimate fat intake.” To study the potential impact of the maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on the gut microbiome of newly-born children, the researchers examined stool samples from 157 newborn babies that were taken at 24 to 48 hours post-delivery. Out of these 157, a subset of 75 babies was further sampled at four to six weeks of age. The mothers’ eating habits during pregnancy were assessed by use of the Dietary Screener Questionnaire, a set of 26 questions asking how often common foods and beverages were consumed in the last month. Responses were used to estimate daily intakes of added sugars, fat and fiber during the month prior to delivery which represented the latter part of the third trimester of pregnancy. The researchers found that the mothers’ dietary intake of calories from fat per day ranged from 14.0% to 55.2%. The average daily intake of calories from fat was 33.1%. The daily intake as recommended by the Institute of Medicine in the US is between 20 and 35 percent. Using DNA-sequencing to analyze the composition of the bacterial community present in the infants’ stool, the researchers noticed that a high-fat diet in the mothers was significantly associated with fewer numbers of Bacteroides microbes in the infants’ microbiome both in samples taken shortly after birth and at four to six weeks of age. Bacteroides are involved in breaking down and extracting energy from certain carbohydrates. As a consequence of depletion of Bacteroides, these carbohydrates could become unusable to the infant or other microbes. A persistent reduction of Bacteroides species in the infant gut could thus have significant consequences for energy extraction from food and immune development, according to the researchers. Dr. Kjersti Aagaard said: “We were surprised when we observed the association between fewer Bacteroides and a high fat maternal diet during pregnancy. These findings open up whole new lines of research, and emphasize the importance of including maternal diet questionnaires and data when studying early changes in the microbiome. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate if changes in women’s diets have a beneficial impact on their infants in the immediate and longer term.” Observational studies such as this contribute to the evidence showing that a mother’s diet is related to her baby’s gut, but because other factors cannot be ruled out with this type of research, cause and effect cannot be established. In addition, the findings of this prospective cohort study may be limited by its use of self-reported data. Yet while certain aspects such as total caloric intake could not be assessed, the researchers showed that the questionnaire used in this study adequately captured maternal dietary intake during the third trimester of pregnancy in a way that was consistent with the general US population and clinical expectations. Source: Baylor College of Medicine Research Reference:

http://healthsciencemag.org/maternal-high-fat-diet-during-pregnancy-can-affect-babys-gut-microbes/

How Long Does CBD Stay In Your System? There are several factors that contribute to how long CBD might stay in one’s system. The factors that might contribute are as follows: your history with CBD and cannabis products (tolerance to cannabinoids), your body & metabolism speed, how much CBD you use, if you have a full stomach or not, and how you use the CBD product. Based on these factors, limited research shows that CBD will stay in your bloodstream for 2-5 days before being processed. That doesn’t mean that it is how long you’ll feel the impact of CBD; rather, how long (based on what we know) CBD actually stays in your body.

https://realtestedcbd.com/how-long-does-cbd-stay-in-your-system/embed/

Citizen scientists, members of the public who voluntarily contribute to scientific research projects, have informed research on protein-folding, discovered new celestial bodies, and tracked wildlife after last year's Gulf oil spill. In this discussion, the panelists share their experiences with citizen science initiatives and consider what factors contribute to a successful collaboration with interested amateurs. How have scientists created the necessary tools and infrastructure to gather data or verify analyses carried out by large numbers of citizen scientists? How do research funders and the scientific community view these projects? What does the future hold for citizen science? Panelists: David W. Hogg is an astronomer and physicist at New York University. One of the spin-offs of his research in observational cosmology, and in engineering systems that can manage and analyze enormous data sets, is Astrometry.net, a Web-based service that automatically calibrates amateur images of the sky for use in scientific investigations. Jane Hunter is a Professorial Research Fellow in the School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ITEE) at the University of Queensland and the Director of the eResearch Lab where she leads a team developing software services for managing and analyzing scientific and research data. Rick Bonney is Director of Program Development and Evaluation at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and a co-founder of the lab's citizen science program. Founder and director of www.citizenscience.org, he studies the impacts of public engagement in science.

https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8MP5BH8

The relationship between human resource management practices, servant leadership,organizational structure, with organizational commitment: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Azharuddin Hashim, Muhammad Firdaus Mohamad Sabri, Mazlina Che Malek, Nadwatul Husna Mustapha Corresponding Author Azharuddin Hashim Available Online May 2015. - DOI - https://doi.org/10.2991/iceb-15.2015.45How to use a DOI? - Keywords - Human resource management practices, servant leadership, organizational structure, organizational learning capability, organizational commitment - Abstract - Organizational learning has aroused a great deal of interest among the academic circles and practitioners as a strategic tool to enhance an organization's core competence and create competitive advantages for success. In extension of organizational learning study, the concept of organizational learning capability had emerged which stress on the importance of the facilitating factors for organizational learning or the organizational propensity to learn. Despite its recognized importance in the literature, little research has been devoted to the research centered on the related factors that could contribute to its development. Factors such as human resource management practices, leadership and organizational structure are identified as the strong predictor of organizational learning. There are also little attention has been given to relate organizational learning with organizational commitment, thus more research is required to analyze the relationships between organizational learning and issues concerning employees, such as organizational commitment - Open Access - This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license.

https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iceb-15/25395

The search found 82 results in 0.02 seconds. Music consumption imbues a city's neighborhoods with a character all their own, contributing to a vibrant and dynamic map of urban cultures. Brick‐and‐mortar music retailers remain an important site for this consumption, persisting despite challenges posed by digitization. But the landscape of contemporary cultural consumption has been shaped by urban inequality over time. This article presents the outcomes of a research project conducted in five small Russian towns. Different coalitions between local actors take place in all communities. However, coalitions that meet the criteria of the urban regime (in Stone's classical interpretation) have been discovered, with certain reservations, only in two towns. We develop a method of imputing ego network characteristics for respondents in probability samples of individuals. This imputed network uses the homophily principle to estimate certain properties of a respondent’s core discussion network in the absence of actual network data. These properties measure the potential exposure of respondents to the attitudes, values, beliefs, and so on of their (likely) network alters. The scholarly literature on teaching sociology contains relatively little about improving courses from one semester to the next. In this article, I describe a method for continual teaching improvement that is based on writing, the well-established practice of teacher reflection, and classical sociological principles. This method was developed through the analysis of nine semesters of autoethnographic data that I collected in the form of daily reflective notes. Scholars have long debated the causes, processes, and effects of displacement by gentrification in global north cities and more recently around the world. Based on an ethnographic study in Chicago's Albany Park neighborhood, this article shows how limited liability corporations use discrete and accretive violence in the early stages of gentrification. We also document how tenants contest harassment and neglect by carrying out “limit‐acts” to make visible everyday invisible practices of intimidation and coercion and to cope with the private forces that displace them. What rhetorics run throughout radical discourse, and why do some gain prominence over others? The scholarship on radicalism largely portrays radical discourse as opposition to powerful ideas and enemies, but radicals often evince great interest in personal and local concerns. To shed light on how radicals use and adopt rhetoric, we analyze an original corpus of more than 23,000 pages produced by Afghan radical groups between 1979 and 2001 using a novel computational abductive approach. In Someone to Talk To, Mario Small focuses on core issues in the study of social networks and social support that have somehow remained under-examined: how do individuals decide whom they will confide in, and with whom are confidences actually shared? The authors examine the organizational construction of an interdisciplinary brain care center via ethnographic observation of vision and mission-building meetings and semistructured interviews with organizational leaders. The classroom climate shapes students’ learning and instructors’ teaching experience in profound ways. This study analyzes classroom climate statements in syllabi from various sociology courses to understand the extent that sociology instructors highlight climate issues and how climate is conceptualized in their syllabi. Drawing from data from two different times periods (pre-2005 and post-2010), the current study examines the frequency of classroom climate statements, the factors that may contribute to the presence of a statement, and themes within these statements.

https://www.asanet.org/search?f%5B0%5D=node%253Afield_related_topics_term%3A99&f%5B1%5D=node%253Atype%3Aresearch_brief&f%5B2%5D=node%253Atype%3Ajournal_article&f%5B3%5D=node%253Atype%3Aresearch_trend&f%5B4%5D=node%253Afield_related_topics_term%3A133&f%5B5%5D=node%253Afield_related_topics_term%3A126&f%5B6%5D=node%253Afield_related_topics_term%3A103&f%5B7%5D=node%253Afield_related_topics_term%3A162&order=desc&sort=node%3Acreated

In the 19th century, synthetic dyestuffs replaced natural materials that had been used for thousands of years. This research examined the transition of one dyestuff, madder, found in plant roots, to its synthetic counterpart, alizarine, discovered in 1868. Records of ten American dye or print works were located in five museums, libraries, and historic associations in Delaware, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Dye inventories, color superintendent journals, swatch books, payroll records, and company correspondence of 1870 to 1890 were investigated to analyze the transition. Variables including economic factors and chemical technologies were explored to ascertain when, and possibly why, the transition occurred. Results suggest alizarine replaced madder 6 to 15 years after its introduction in the companies studied. Garancine, a chemically treated madder product acted in an intermediary role. Common auxiliary ingredients also served to bridge the transition. Alizarine was cheaper, easier to use because it was purer, gave more consistent results, and provided a greater variety of colors than madder. The replacement of madder, one of the most important dyes in the American textile industry, by alizarine seems to have persuaded dye superintendents of the value in synthetic dyes. Documenting the use of madder, garancine, and alizarine in the American textile coloring industry perserves an important link in textile history. Further research might include documenting the transition from other natural dyestuffs to their synthetic replacements, and determining what factors influenced the much greater number of yards of printed cottons produced after the discovery of alizarine.

https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/entities/publication/20ec7a81-6d3c-4b97-982d-7c62321d8fa8

Context: The prevalence of chronic pain in cancer survivors is double that of the general U.S. population. Opioids have been the foundation of cancer pain management for decades; however, there is a paucity of literature on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in cancer survivors. An understanding of factors related to LTOT use in cancer survivors is needed to address chronic pain and balance opioid harms in the expanding population of cancer survivors. Objectives: To analyze the research of LTOT utilization and factors associated with persistent opioid use in cancer survivors. Methods: A five-stage integrative review process was adapted from Whittemore and Knafl. Data sources searched included Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Quantitative research studies from 2010 to present related to cancer survivors managed on LTOT were included. Editorials, reviews, or abstracts were excluded. Results: After reviewing 315 articles, 21 articles were included. We found that there were several definitions of LTOT in the reviewed studies, but the duration of opioid use (i.e., more than three months after completion of curative treatment) was the most common. The reviewed literature describes a relationship between LTOT and important biopsychosocial factors (cancer type, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities). Conclusion: The studies in this review shed light on the factors associated with LTOT in cancer survivors. LTOT was common in certain populations of cancer survivors and those with a collection of patient-specific characteristics. This review suggests that there is a critical need for specialized research on chronic cancer pain and opioid safety in cancer survivors.

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/exploring-factors-associated-with-long-term-opioid-therapy-in-can

Creation or evolution? This debate is one of the most vital issues of our time. It is extremely important for all people to know the truth about origins. The Christian especially needs to know the truth of the Genesis account of creation. After all, if the Bible is false on its very first page, then how can any rational person have confidence in what follows it? Fortunately, you don't need a doctorate in science to understand the basic lines of scientific evidence that surround the creation-evolution controversy. Nor do you need a theological degree to understand the basic theology and moral implications of creation. Written and reviewed by experts, Creation Basics & Beyond offers a thorough, yet understandable, introduction to the basic questions involved in the creation-evolution debate. Organized in short, readable chapters, this book demonstrates that not only does the scientific evidence not support evolution, it strongly confirms the biblical account of creation. Creation Basics & Beyond clearly shows that the Bible really is what it claims to be the inspired Word of the living God. If you prefer, this resource, Creation Basics & Beyond, is also available in digital form as an eBook and can be downloaded now. |Title:||Creation Basics & Beyond| |Author:||Various| |Publisher:||Institute for Creation Research| |Publication Date:||July 2013| |Audience:||General| |Format:||Paperback| |Pages:||352| |Dimensions (inches):||9 x 6 x 3/4| |Shipping Weight:||1 lb. 4 oz.| |ISBN-13:||978-1-935587-30-9| This is one of the best books I've read on the issue of creation vs evolution because it builds the arguments for creation not only on the scriptures but on good science and logical thinking as well. It uses real scientific data to argue in favor of a young universe and illustrates the enormous complexity of our cosmos and of life on our planet; all confirming the demand for a Designer. This book is a must for every high school and college/university student - and every other adult, saved and unsaved because it builds trust in the scriptures by first removing all doubt about the Genesis account.

https://store.icr.org/creation-basics-beyond.html

I could obtain the papers and documents of “Equal Pay” principle and job evaluation program particular to it from UNISON, a British trade union, and ILO head office in Geneva. I read through these and planned to make a research visit to British local governments in order to know its application. But, only one local government accepted my visit and gave me only a brief comment and a publication.To overcome a lack of research on the international development of “Equal pay for the work of equal value,” I read through the whole book of proceedings of ILO Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No.100) and published a product of clarification of the important points in its discussion process. I made clear that the US government delegates or Women’s Bureau of the US Department of Labor had taken the initiative of establishing the core contents of ILO Equal Remuneration Convention. All 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Other All Journal Article (10 results) (of which Acknowledgement Compliant: 1 results) Presentation (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results, Invited: 4 results) Book (1 results) Remarks (1 results) 『労務理論学会誌』第27号 Volume: 27 Pages: 19-32 130007852323 『東京大学駒場寮同窓会 会報』16号 Volume: 16 Pages: 7-12 季刊労働法 Volume: 256号 Pages: 41-56 季刊労働者の権利 Volume: 315号 Pages: 32-41 まちと暮らし研究 Volume: 24号 Pages: 44-49 ひろばユニオン Volume: 6月号 Pages: 20-25 世界 Volume: 5月号 Pages: 235-245 40020419023 エコノミスト Volume: 4月14日号 Pages: 44-45 40020417652 週刊 東洋経済 Volume: 5月30日号 Pages: 64-67 八木紀一郎ほか編『経済学と経済教育の未来』 Volume: 第8章 Pages: 185-193 http://www.kisc.meiji.ac.jp/~endokosh/ URL:

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26380535/

Our college has well-equipped library in a special building. It has more than Eight five thousand books, dictionaries & DELNET Facility. 1) Library rules:- i) Every student entering the library premises must have valid college identity card. It must be produced as and when demanded for inspection. ii) Silence must be observed in the library college premises. iii) One book at a time from the library will be issued to a student. iv) Delaying in returning books within prescribed due date will make students liable to be fined. v) Book must be returned on or before due date. vi) Any attempt to damage books or cutting out any matter or picture from the books or defacing or tearing the pages will be treated as misconduct. Defaulters will be strictly dealt with. vii) While receiving the books, the student must take note whether the books contain all the pages or it is in a good condition. viii) A special day is allotted to each class for disbursement of books. ix) Books are issued to poor and intelligent students from the book bank for a period of year. x) All the books issued to the students should be returned before commencement of annual examination. xi) All students must obtain "No dues" certificate from the library before taking transfer certificate from the college. Reading room rules : - A complete silence and strict discipline are to be maintained in the library and study room. - Text books, reference books and journals will be issued to students against identity cards. - Students are not allowed to take books outside the reading room. - Students should not bring any outsider with them in the reading room and library. - The reading room remains open at night from 7.30 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. daily during working days. Text books : i) Each student must carry language text books regularly to the class every day. Without language text books the students shall not be allowed to attend the class. ii) Each students must purchase a complete set of text books prescribed for the course of study. Facilities - Library Services: - Books for Comp. Exam. - Question Paper - Open Access - Reading Room - Reprographic - Internet Facility - OPAC Facility - Inter Library Loan - Power Backup - New Arrivals Display - Reference Service - Information Display and Notification - Literature Search - News Paper Clipping - Circulation Students : 4 Books 7 days in a week. Faculty members : 30 Books Per Semester Non-teaching staff : 5 Books for 1 month. Other readers : 2 Books for 15 days. - It is the moral duty of the student to keep the books in good condition; they should be used properly & should be returned in good condition. If the condition of the books is not maintained properly, student will be fined. - If the pages of the book’s are found from. Then the last borrower will be held responsible. - The borrower will keep the book for seven day and should return it on the mentioned date on date slip. Otherwise fine will be recovered as per rule from the borrower. - If the fine is equal or more than the original cost of the book then the student will have to pay the fine as the cost of book. Such books will not be accepted without paying the fine and library facility will not be given to student. - If the book is lost then only a new copy will replace it. If the book is not available in the market then the student will have to pay original price of the book. - At the end of every year all the books should be submitted in to the library. - M-OPAC MOPAC is a simple to use, robut –computer independent- Smart phone based Mobile OPAC Search Engine APP. You can download this app free from Google play store of your android mobile phone. The mobile OPAC offers a great new way to find Library Books and MOPAC app provides searches according to Title, Author, Publisher, Keyword, and Subject.

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Reading Rampage is a challenge specifically for secondary school pupils in participating Leicester and Leicestershire schools, is co-ordinated by Whatever it Takes (WiT), Leicester Neighbourhood Services: Libraries, Creative Learning Services and School Development Support Agency (SDSA). Reading Rampage is aimed at boosting reading miles and encourage reading for pleasure with students in Year 7, 8 and 9. There are 10 books that students are challenged to read all of varying lengths so there is something for everyone. Students do not have to read every book they can read as many as they like. Across Leicestershire there will be competitions along the way for students to take part in and win prizes. For example the student who can gain the most miles (pages in book equate to 1 page = 1 mile) and reach the furthest destination. At the end of May students will be asked to select their favourite book which will then be nominated in the Reading Rampage Best Book Award. We will also be celebrating student reading in school too. Vote for us The National Book Trust are currently running a prize draw for a school to win £5,000 of National Book Tokens... Ashby Rotary Club Young Artist 2021 Over lockdown the ADT department set a competition on behalf of the Ashby Rotary Club to find the Young Artist... Year 7 Photography Competition As part of Mental Health Awareness week our Year 7’s were invited to take part in a Nature themed photograph... Mental Health Awareness Week ... National Reading Quiz Congratulations to our Year 8 and 9 teams who jumped in at late notice to take part in the live National Lit... Year 8 Kimmy Cantrell Final project Our Year 8's have been working on a portraiture module which culminated in the making a mask inspired by the A... Safer Internet Day 2021 With young people spending more time than ever online, it is even more important that we ensure they ... Interhouse Competition Launched Our PE department have launched the Activity Tracker Competition - for the X and Y halves of each year to compete against each other to win the most points for their team. Watch this video to find out all about it. ... How to use your games console to access remote learning How to use your Games Console to access Ivanhoe Remote Learning This information is for guidance only, ICT support are not able to support with any specific technical problems in following this guidance. Using a games console is not a perfect solution to remote learning needs but they c... This is considered an out of date browser. This website has been developed with modern browsers in mind to allow it to display at its best in a wide variety of viewing situations - including mobile viewing. But we haven't supported older browsers like IE8. Please upgrade to the latest version of Internet Explorer - or try Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome. Both are excellent browsers. Thank you.

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Do you like this product? Spread the word! £42.99 incl. VAT Only 1 items available Only 1 items available Delivery: between Tuesday, 10 August 2021 and Thursday, 12 August 2021 Sales & Shipping: Dodax EU Description This book has been developed primarily for business students at the undergraduate level. It is highly revised and enlarged to suit the students taking the unit. The clear and concise manner in which the material is presented makes the text enjoyable to read and understand.The author has used past paper questions to add content to the topics discussed making the book not only useful to the students at the university but also those taking their professional courses in Accounts. Contributors Author: Weloba, Brenda Further information Media Type: Softcover Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Biography Artist: Brenda Weloba is a Lecture at Mount Kenya University, School of Business and Economics.She attended Maryhill high school before proceeding to the University of Nairobi where she graduated with an honours degree in Bachelor of Commerce. She holds an MBA degree from Kenyatta University and she is a PhD student at JKUAT. Language: English Number of Pages: 104 Master Data Product Type: Paperback book Release date: 29 August 2016 Package Dimensions: 0.22 x 0.15 x 0.006 m; 0.204 kg GTIN: 09783659939600 DUIN:

https://www.dodax.co.uk/en-gb/books-audiobooks/lexica-reference-work/weloba-brenda-introduction-to-macroeconomics-module-dp67HAP4D87NG/

You can read more about this book at Amazon's websites (where you also can order the book): Publisher: Orbit; New edition, published 6 Jun 2002 ISBN: 1841491101, Paperback, 320 pages Size: 12.6 x 2.7 x 19.8 cm Publisher: Orbit, published 17 Jan 2002 ISBN: 1841490873, Hardcover, 412 pages Size: 21.6 x 14.7 x 3.6 cm Publisher: Hachette Digital, published 4 Sep 2008 ISBN: B002TZ3DJO, Kindle edition, 320 pages Book synopsis (The back of the book says) From the moment Homo Sapiens descended from the trees, possibly onto their heads, humanity has striven towards civilization. Fire. The Wheel. Running Away from furry things with more teeth than one might reasonably expect—all are testament to man's ultimate supremacy. It is a noble story and so, of course, complete and utter fiction. For one man has discovered the hideous truth: that humanity's ascent to civilization has been ruthlessly guided by a small gang of devious frogs. The man’s name is David Perkins, and his theory is not, on the whole, widely admired, particularly not by the frogs themselves, who had invested a great deal of time and effort in keeping the whole thing quiet. Other people's reviews of this bookPublishers Weekly review from September 2012 If you have read this book and have written down your thoughts, please mail me the location of your review and I will link it from here. What critics have said Quotes from Falling Sideways Not only had he lost the only girl he'd ever loved, he'd lost her in duplicate, like some heartbroken but highly efficient civil servant.

https://www.edlin.org/holt/books/fallingsideways.html

page (and several pounds heavy) book for graduate students to learn about counting, but Martin Aigner’s A Course in Enumeration is exactly. A course in enumeration by Martin Aigner, Springer, pages, hardcover, Published by ACM Article. Review. Bibliometrics Data. A Course in Enumeration is a glorious survey of key topics in one of the most engaging areas of mathematics, enumerative combinatorics. One of the appealing. |Author:||Zolobei Voodoojora| |Country:||Malaysia| |Language:||English (Spanish)| |Genre:||Art| |Published (Last):||20 November 2008| |Pages:||102| |PDF File Size:||6.48 Mb| |ePub File Size:||11.6 Mb| |ISBN:||885-8-86281-991-7| |Downloads:||9495| |Price:||Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]| |Uploader:||Dataur| Some of the proofs are quite involved, however, and Aigner presents his material concisely, typically with just one or two illustrative examples of a concept or method, and assumes a general mathematical competence. Coruse marked it as to-read Dec 01, Return to Book Page. There are exercises, and every chapter enumeratioh with a highlight section, discussing in detail a particularly beautiful or famous result. Which is presumably why this is in Springer’s “Graduate Texts” series, even if it makes no direct assumption of material that wouldn’t be covered relatively early in a typical undergraduate degree. A Course in Enumeration Ankit Thacker marked it as to-read May 29, May 15, James Swenson rated it really liked it. Cheyenne Cheeks rated it it was amazing Sep 24, The book is organized in three parts: Open Coursr See a Problem? Each chapter also ends with a ‘highlight’, tackling a famous and attractive problem using the tools developed. Formal Series and Infinite Matrices. A Course in Enumeration – Martin Aigner – Google Books Akgner details Format Hardback pages Dimensions x x 38mm Dispatched from the UK in 3 business days When will my order arrive? As the book gets more and more advanced, the explanations grow correspondingly in size. Visit our Beautiful Books page and find lovely books for kids, photography lovers and more. Trivia About A Course in Enume Victor Tittle rated it really liked it Oct 29, Advanced Linear Algebra Steven Roman. Lists with This Book. The explanations, while often brief, are quite good. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. A Course in Enumeration : Martin Aigner : Description Combinatorial enumeration is a readily accessible subject full of easily stated, but sometimes tantalizingly difficult problems. Introduction to Smooth Manifolds John M. Riemannian Geometry Peter Petersen. Daniel marked it as to-read Jun 29, enumfration There are almost seven hundred problems in A Course in Enumerationwith a set accompanying each section, divided into easier and harder; solutions, or at least sufficient hints, are given for around a quarter of them. Table of contents Basics. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Ramanujans Most Beautiful Formula. Check out the top books of the year on our page Best Books of Its aim is to introduce the student to a fascinating field, and to be a source of information for the professional mathematician who wants to learn more about the subject. Representation Theory William Fulton.

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How Many Leaves? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Title How Many Leaves? Content Type Printable Book File Type Pages 11 pages Available to Members Only This is a short, printable book about leaves and the numbers from 1 to 10. It’s for early readers, with pages for the student to cut out, items to count and color, and a short phrase to copy. Instructions For the Teacher: There are 2 ways to use this book! Read it online using the interactive viewer on this page. Print the PDF to make a short book for young readers. Make sure the pages are in the right order. Staple the pages together at the left of the page, then read the book, and optionally color the pages.

https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/leaf/howmany/

Using Library Book’s: - It is the moral duty of the student to keep the books in good condition; they should be used properly & should be returned in good condition. If the condition of the books is not maintained properly, student will be fined. - If the pages of the book’s are found from. Then the last borrower will be held responsible. - The borrower will keep the book for seven day and should return it on the mentioned date on date slip. Otherwise fine will be recovered as per rule from the borrower. - If the fine is equal or more than the original cost of the book then the student will have to pay the fine as the cost of book. Such books will not be accepted without paying the fine and library facility will not be given to student. - If the book is lost then only a new copy will replace it. If the book is not available in the market then the student will have to pay original price of the book. - At the end of every year all the books should be submitted in to the library. Reading Hall - Each student should have his own Identity card while entering in the library or Reading hall. - After entering in Reading hall students have to enter their names into the register and sing. - Silence must be kept in the library and Reading hall. - When the practical and classes are running students should not sit in the reading hall. - On submitting Identity Card student get one book to read in the library .If said book is taken at home , without permission they will be fined Rs.1/-per day. - Encyclopedia, Dictionaries, Reference books, University Question Papers will not be allowed to take at home.

https://www.mspmbeed.com/library-rules/

Adilene Rebecca February 26, 2021 worksheets 4. Math worksheets are not accessible. Some students are unable to access tools that many of us take for granted when they try to complete worksheets. They may be unable to grasp pencils, control their movements within the limited spaces provided on the sheet, or be able to simply stabilize their paper while writing. Other students, including those for whom English is not their primary language or who struggle with reading, have difficulty reading the directions, words, and math terminology on the worksheets. Still other students require different visual representations or methods of engagement in order acquire an understanding the content. Most math worksheets do not provide information in multiple formats so they are inaccessible to students with a wide variety of learning styles and abilities. Well-designed technology can provide these students with access to excellent content. For example, these fractions tools and supplemental curriculum allow students with physical disabilities to access fractions content using a variety of assistive technology devices. Instructions, prompts and feedback can be read aloud, while visual models, cues combined with sounds support a wide range of learning styles and abilities. If you have read my article ”Helping Your Child With Basic Arithmetic? Stay Away From Worksheets” then you know that I am not a fan of traditional worksheets. After writing that article, I found another credible teacher who has written many ezine articles expounding on the benefits of worksheets. I decided some clarification of position is in order. The primary problem with most math worksheets is that the problems are already written out and the child need only write the answers. For learning and practicing the basic skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, it is much more beneficial for the child to write out the entire fact and say the entire fact out loud. A child will learn a multiplication fact much faster if they are writing out 6 x 8 = 48 at the same time they are saying ”six times eight is forty-eight” than if they just see 6 x 8 = ___ and only have to supply the 48. Writing worksheets is a very important lesson in a student’s life. Worksheet writing is used by the teachers to make the students familiar with the writing scheme and help them to improve their writing skills which they would be requiring throughout their life. Writing worksheets effectively helps the young students a lot and makes them learn to write properly on a sheet of paper so that the reader can read their writing easily and he would not have any difficulty in reading the writings of the student. The worksheets contain various types of exercises for students with the help of which they can improve their writing skills. The exercises listed in the worksheets help the student to develop the writing skills which he might require during his career throughout his life. There are various levels of worksheets which vary according to the grade of the student in which he is studying. A student with a higher grade is made to work with worksheets which have tougher exercises as compared to a student who is in a lower grade. Students in lower grades are usually made to do the basic level of worksheets while the students in higher grades are subjected to the advanced level of worksheets which make their writing skills even more polished. Another one of the many ways that you can go about saving money with preschool worksheets is by using photo protectors. These are pages that you can slip photographs into to protect them. It is possible to find photo protectors that are designed for full pages, like preschool worksheets. You can simply slip each preschool worksheet into a page protector and give your child a dry erase marker. Each time that they are finished, you can wipe off the marker and the worksheet is good to go, again and again! The above mentioned methods are just a few of the many ways that you can go about saving money with preschool worksheets for your child. Of course, these steps are optional, but they can help you save money, as well as prolong the life of your child’s preschool worksheets. As the student learns to write meaningful sentences in the beginner phase, he gets to know about the usage and organization of paragraphs in the more advanced levels. Every piece of writing requires paragraphing so the writing looks organized and the reader would not have to face any problems if the writing material is long. Hence the student must learn how to paragraph his sentences wisely so that he can convey the meaning of his sentences easily to the reader with the help of paragraphs. All in all, writing worksheets efficiently helps the student to learn a lot about writing. There are so many resources for parents who are looking to homeschool their children. When you homeschool, it is up to you to ensure your child gets the education he needs to succeed in life. However, it is also up to you to decide which subjects he will learn, as well as the topics within those subjects. This means you need to find a place for online worksheets for kids you can use to enhance your child’s homeschooling experience. Another problem with almost all worksheets is that they don’t prevent incorrect answers. Self-checking worksheets just let the student know they did something wrong–after the fact. I am a firm believer in the concept that, if at all possible, learning should be structured in small chunks in such a way that there is very little possibility for error. Worksheets often allow for mistakes to be made and then to be repeated many times. A mistake that gets practiced is extremely difficult to correct. This especially happens when worksheets are used as time fillers or baby sitters and the work isn’t really being supervised. There are some new materials being developed now based on what we are learning about how the brain learns. These brain-friendly materials should be an improvement over what has existed. I recently bought a book by Marcia L. Tate titled ”Mathematics Worksheets Don’t Grow Dendrites.” I highly recommend her book. She gives a great deal of information on alternative activities that are better for your child’s brain development and for learning. Archive Recent Post Categories Most Popular Tag Cloudmath book free printable number worksheets 3 digit addition and subtraction addition exercises for grade 3 cool math fun games for third graders kindergarten printables colored graph paper third grade learning websites free math sites for kids 3 digit division with remainders most hardest math problem division questions year 5 5th grade math challenge worksheets mathone 1st grade reading addition and subtraction word problems worksheets for grade 4 Latest Review Latest News Recent Post © 2021 Onedayinsandiego. All rights reserved.

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Join us March 10 for our next workshop, creating a watercolor sketchbook. Participants will create a 5″ x 5″ sketchbook which opens flat giving the artist the option of sketching on a single 5 x 5 page or on a 10 x 5 landscape across both pages. The book will be a “quarter cloth” cover (cloth covers the spine and extends onto the boards) with the remaining board covered by decorative hand-made paper. The interior pages will be Canson 140#/300gsm cold-press watercolor paper. The workshop is $75 and limited to 4 participants. All materials will be provided. Tools will be shared, so it may be beneficial to bring your own if you have them.

https://middlesexbindery.com/2018/02/09/wksp-1803/

2 edition of University prints. Series G.M. found in the catalog. University prints. Series G.M. University Prints (Winchester, Mass.) Published 1930 by University Prints in Boston, Mass . Written in English Edition Notes |Statement||edited by Kenneth J. Conant.| |Genre||Pictorial works.| |Contributions||Conant, Kenneth John.| |The Physical Object| |Pagination||xxiv p.| |ID Numbers| |Open Library||OL16554152M| 1 day ago The original idea for the series was generated within Netflix, Clark said, with the goal of “energizing children and their families around books, bringing books to life, and using books . Contact Us. University of Nebraska Press Lincoln Mall Lincoln, NE Phone: Fax: Email: [email protected] Review Copy Requests: [email protected] Author Contact Requests: [email protected] Alternate Format Requests: [email protected] For rights and permissions information visit our Rights and Permissions . While Bison Books remain a general-interest imprint, the press is re-emphasizing its effort to recruit and publish top-notch books about the trans-Mississippi West. In an effort to make these stories more widely available, the University of Nebraska Press is pleased to offer its Bison Books virtually. The archival aspect of the field positions graduates of the program as responsible and serious candidates for museum or gallery employment. Printmaking majors may enter the areas of private and non-profit print workshops, or attend graduate school where a Master of Fine Art (MFA) degree, required for teaching at the college level, may be earned. A professor at the University of Georgia, he’s served as president of the Society for Systematic Philosophy, the Hegel Society of America, and the Metaphysical Society of America. He’s published nearly two dozen books, sporting titles such as The Intelligent Mind: On the Genesis and Constitution of Discursive Thought and Hegel’s. An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition. The term remains current in the art trade, and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of "fine art" produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative, utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards. Where you go is not who youll be Understanding local maps Occasional sermons Gov. Hammonds letters on southern slavery [Inquiry into events connected with election at Danville, Virginia.] NCLEX-RN alternate-format questions. Federal plan for marine environmental prediction Little Tom Drennan The feminist financial handbook return to laisser faire John Thompson Ford papers Idou o anthropos-Charaktires Health insurance and the supply of entrepreneurs Smoke & Spice and Sublime Smoke Get this from a library. University prints. Series G.M. Modern architecture. [Kenneth John Conant; University Prints (Winchester, Mass.)]. University Prints. Series G.: European Architecture Paperback – January 1, by Mass.) University Prints (Winchester (Creator) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" $ $ — Paperback "Please retry" $ Pearson Print Companion MAT Package for Indiana Wesleyan University, 1/e and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at University Prints - AbeBooks Passion for books. The University Prints. Student series D. Art of the Netherlands and Germany; five hundred reproductions illustrating the Flemish, Dutch, and German schools of painting, from the early fifteenth to the eighteenth century; German sculpture from the eleventh to the seventeenth centuryPages: The University Prints.: Student series D. Art of the Netherlands and Germany; five hundred reproductions illustrating the Flemish, Dutch, and German schools of painting, from the early fifteenth to the eighteenth century; German sculpture from the eleventh to University prints. Series G.M. book seventeenth century. Author of University prints, University prints. Series B. Early Italian art, University prints, University prints. Series A. Greek and Roman sculpture, University prints. Series C. Later Italian art, University prints. Series G: European architecture, Iranian and Islamic art. High quality Boston University inspired Photographic Prints by independent artists and designers from around the world. Photographic prints are the perfect choice for self-framing or adding to a portfolio. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. Print a Book for $ - Example Book Price. Print your book for $ per copy. To get this example pricing of $ per copy, your book must meet these specifications: Must be 84 pages; Trim size needs be x ; Paper stock is 50# white offset; Binding is Perfect Bound; PDF ready to print files supplied; Print Copies. Cutting Edge. Probably one of the best books of the ’s is the Cutting Edge series. These books are intelligently compiled to draw students actively into the class, with a range of materials for the teacher to draw from including a resource book, student’s book, workbook and class CD’s and l, the package provides a complete range of stimulating and exciting. In a particularly egregious case, for instance, Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis found a white student guilty of racial harassment for reading a book. : A Special Study Set of Fine Art Reproductions: This is a boxed set of (only are still present) black-and-white prints, 5 1/2" x 8", of the art and architecture of early Western civilization -- from the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans to medieval Europe. It is a mark of Dr. Bailyn’s range that “Origins” is a work of intellectual history, “Voyagers” of social history, and “Hutchinson” a biography. And Dr. Bailyn’s first book, “The. Drawing on testimonies from rebels, Marjoleine Kars' riveting "Blood on the River" recounts an 18th century revolt in Guyana that almost succeeded. Princeton University. After Richard Rummell. "Princeton University." New York: Littig & Co., ca. 14 x 27 1/2. Collotype with hand color. $ "College of New Jersey, at Princeton." From History of the United States. 3 x 4 3/8. Wood engraving. $40 "The Chancellor Green Library, Princeton College." Ca. 3 x 4 1/2. Screen print. $ Art and photography books bring the vision of the world to your very eyes. Art is fundamental to the human experience, and just one art book can show you millions of dollars worth of old masters from around the world without the need to leave your couch. Photography books let you see the world as people like Ansel Adams and F-Stop Fitzgerald. “The Economics of Ageing is an excellent series of books - well-written and comprehensively covering all aspect on the topic. It is the first book of its kind and considering its quality, depth and scope, I doubt something similar will be published in the foreseeable future.” (Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Professor of Economics, Institute for Health. Extra Tall G-Series Pages Clear oversized plastic pages for prints, to be used with G albums. This pages are taller than your standard size pages. 1 day ago The director of the University of Pittsburgh Libraries, Kornelia Tancheva, wrote that a rare book theft, “especially from a public library, is an. The University of Texas Press is a book and journal publisher—a focal point where the life experiences, insights, and specialized knowledge of writers converge to be disseminated in both print and digital formats. Established inUT Press has published more than 3, books over six decades. Under the direction of Robert Devens, the Press produces approximately one hundred new books. University Success combines the utility of an interactive student book, online learner lab, and print course to create a flexible approach that adjusts to the needs of teachers and learners. Each skill presented in the Student Book is followed by connected activities on MyEnglishLab for well-rounded and comprehensive practice in and out of the.THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA PRESS was founded in to advance the intellectual interests not only of the University of Virginia, but of institutions of higher learning throughout the state. A member of the Association of University Presses, UVaP currently publishes seventy new titles annually.Founded inUniversity of Toronto Press (UTP) is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America. UTP has published over 6, books, with well over 3, of these still in print. Each year, UTP publishes approximately new scholarly, course, reference, and general interest books. The press has published a long list .

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Ok, 1/4 is made up of a numerator ( the 1 in 1/4) and a denominator (that is the 4 in 1/4). another way to read this is 1 part of something that has 4 parts to make a whole of something. if you have one-fourth of an teaspoon it will take 4 of those 1/4 teaspoons to make 1 teaspoon full.. Answer (1 of 4): a teaspoon can hold about 5 grams. this is equal to 500 milligrams. so, if there are 500 mg in 1 teaspoon, 1/4 teaspoon would contain one fourth of this value;1 x 500 = 1254hence, there are 125 milligrams in one fourth of a teaspoon… You might also like… how many mg in 1/4 tsp.? conversions. a teaspoon can hold about 5 grams. this is equal to 500 milligrams. so, if there are 500 mg in 1 teaspoon,…. In united states, 1 tablespoon is 1/2 us fluid ounce (14.7868 ml) and 1 teaspoon is 1/6 us fluid ounce (4.92892 ml). that makes 14.7868 / 4.92892 = 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon in us. uk (imperial system): in the imperial system (uk), 1 tablespoon is 0.625 imperial fluid ounce (17.7582 ml) and 1 teaspoon is 0.2083 imperial fluid ounce (5.91939 ml).. How many teaspoons are in 1/4 cup? there are 4 tablespoons in a quarter cup and there are 3 teaspoons in each tablespoon; this means that there are 12 teaspoons in a quarter cup. a quarter cup is also equal to 2 fluid ounces.. There are 4.93 ml in a us teaspoon, 5.92 ml in an imperial teaspoon and 5 ml in a metric teaspoon. to find out how many milliliters (ml) in "x" teaspoons or teaspoons in "x" ml, enter a teaspoon or a milliliter value into the converter and the result will be displayed.. 1/8 teaspoon .5 ml : 1/4 teaspoon : 1 ml : 1/2 teaspoon : 2 ml : 3/4 teaspoon : 4 ml : 1 teaspoon : dry measure equivalents : 3 teaspoons: 1 tablespoon: 1/2 ounce. how many teaspoons are in 1/4 cup? a: quick answer. one teaspoon is equal to 1/3 tablespoon, so the measurement is 5 tablespoons and 1 teaspoon of butte… How to convert 1/4 tablespoon [us] to teaspoons [us] to calculate a value in tablespoons [us] to the corresponding value in teaspoons [us], just multiply the quantity in tablespoons [us] by 3 (the conversion factor).. How to convert 1/4 tablespoon [us] to teaspoons [us] to calculate a value in tablespoons [us] to the corresponding value in teaspoons [us], just multiply the quantity in tablespoons [us] by 3 (the conversion factor).. Answer (1 of 4): a teaspoon can hold about 5 grams. this is equal to 500 milligrams. so, if there are 500 mg in 1 teaspoon, 1/4 teaspoon would contain one fourth of this value;1 x 500 = 1254hence, there are 125 milligrams in one fourth of a teaspoon… There are 4.93 ml in a us teaspoon, 5.92 ml in an imperial teaspoon and 5 ml in a metric teaspoon. to find out how many milliliters (ml) in "x" teaspoons or teaspoons in "x" ml, enter a teaspoon or a milliliter value into the converter and the result will be displayed..

http://www.diabetesadviceguide.com/how-many-1-4-teaspoon-is-in-1-1-2-teaspoon/

Emma finds her inspiration with Dixie in this special wintertime adventure. When Emma is stumped by a school assignment—to write a poem about her “best day ever”—could a day of playing in the snow be exactly the thing Emma needs to help her write the perfect poem? With fun full-color illustrations on every page, Dixie’s eighth I Can Read captures all the excitement of that coveted childhood event—a snow day! Dixie and the Best Day Ever is a Level One I Can Read book, which means it’s perfect for children learning to sound out words and sentences. Title:Dixie And The Best Day Ever Format:Paperback Product dimensions:32 pages, 9 X 6 X 0.12 in Shipping dimensions:32 pages, 9 X 6 X 0.12 in Published:October 7, 2014 Publisher:HarperCollins Language:English Appropriate for ages:All ages ISBN - 13:9780062086594 Look for similar items by category:

https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/dixie-and-the-best-day/9780062086594-item.html?ikwsec=Books&ikwidx=0

Last week’s test mile really helped. I learned that it took me about a half-hour to read ten pages out loud (these pages are 1.5 spacing, set in Times New Roman). This should have netted me about 160 pages if I read a total of eight hours. My RWA chapter meeting was cancelled yesterday, so I was able to get a couple more hours in. Here’s how the week’s goals went: - Do a “test mile” read-aloud of Time’s Fugitive - Eight hours of read-aloud of Time’s Fugitive, hopefully at least 1/4 of the book - Two blog posts plus a ROW80 update on Sunday - Comment on at least 5 blogs this week - Minimum of 3 status updates or shares on Facebook - Tweet at least once a day - Read one Golden Heart entry - Three interval workouts plus two short workouts (bonus: dog walk or some other activity on one of the other two days) - Declutter my desk top (the real one, not the computer desktop) - Bonus: write one book review on Amazon & B&N I didn’t get any contest entries read, but I only have four more, and they’re not due until March, so I have some wiggle room. I’m doing better on the social networking than I thought; I far exceeded the tweets, Facebook shares, and blog comments. As for decluttering my desk, I’m not going to worry about that for now, as it turns out, the clutter is stuff I’m actively working on (i.e., the Golden Heart entries). What isn’t, is mostly my husband’s. I can collect that into piles and throw away the obvious trash, but otherwise he needs to go through it. And it’s all on the printer cabinet, not in my face, so it’s not a big distraction. I was happy to get to a bonus and get a review up on Amazon and B&N last week. I’ve also done well on my physical activity. Knowing I get to read when I get on my treadmill is a world of help – it’s the reason I’ve finally found something I can stick with. The best news was the test mile and reading results – my goal was to read at least a quarter of the book; I read half (which was what I was hoping for). I’m not going to post social media goals this time, I think I’m doing OK there. So here goes for this week: - Finish read-aloud of Time’s Fugitive (about 10 hours) - Read one Golden Heart entry - Three interval workouts plus two short workouts - Write and post review on Amazon & B&N of a friend’s book I just finished re-reading - Bonus: type-in changes from read-aloud and send Time’s Fugitive to beta readers - Bonus: dog walk or other activity in addition to #3 Have you done a test mile with a long-term goal or physical activity? How did you do? Were you surprised? Thanks to Fabio Bueno for the idea of color-coding our goal accomplishments!

http://jenpowell.com/blog/row80-test-mile-success/

Group: Carcinoid Syndrome What about other vitamin or dietary supplements? I do endorse a multiple vitamin supplement and all patients with carcinoid syndrome should take low doses of niacin to prevent subclinical pellagra.…READ MORE If I have a patient with severe asthma, facial flushing, and elevated serum 5-HIAA, could this be carcinoid syndrome? It can be carcinoid syndrome. How high is the 5-HIAA and was the urine collected on a serotonin-free diet? If it was more than just slightly elevated, then confirm its significance by testing blood serotonin, which should be increased; blood tryptophan,…READ MORE Which symptoms need to be present to diagnose carcinoid syndrome? Carcinoid syndrome requires one or more of the following for laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis: increased blood serotonin with decreased blood tryptophan, increased chromogranin A and increased urine 5HIAA or indole-3-acetic acid. In spite…READ MORE If I have been diagnosed with carcinoid syndrome due to a high 5-HIAA & symptoms, but nothing shows on a CT scan, what’s next? If I understand your question correctly, you state that a diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome is suspected because of symptoms and high urine 5-HIAA, but the CT scan is normal and you want to know what other tests should now be done to prove the diagnosis. Failure…READ MORE Does the body build up a tolerance to Sandostatin LAR or IR over time so that it becomes less effective?

https://www.carcinoid.org/group/carcinoid-syndrome/

- Published: A primary pancreatic carcinoid tumour with unusual clinical complaints: A case report World Journal of Surgical Oncology volume 2, Article number: 3 (2004) - 12k Accesses - 8 Citations - Abstract Background Unless metastatic or compressing the pancreatic duct, carcinoid of the pancreas are asymptomatic showing normal levels of serotonine and its metabolites in plasma and urine, thus resulting in delayed diagnosis and a consequent poor prognosis. However, if resection is timely accomplished, no local recurrence might be encountered and a normal survival might be expected in the absence of metastatic disease. Case Presentation The reported case of pancreatic carcinoid tumour in a 62-year-old woman reporting only atypical symptoms consisting of intermittent epigastric pain and nausea. Urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid levels were within normal limits and only a slight elevation of serum serotonine level was detected on admission. After tumour localisation with endoscopic ultrasonography, left splenopancreasectomy with splenic, celiac and hepatic lymphadenectomy was carried out. Conclusion The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in early detection and precise localisation of pancreatic carcinoids, as well as the role of somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy with 111Indium labelled pentreotide in excluding distant metastases, are confirmed. The radical resection with lymphadenectomy is recommended in order to have a precise histological examination and detect occult lymph node metastases. Introduction Although carcinoid tumours are the most frequently occurring neuroendocrine tumours, its pancreatic localisation is an exceedingly rare, and often accidental . In the largest published series of 8,305 cases of carcinoid tumours by Modlin and Sandor only 46 (0.55%) were in the pancreas. Unless metastatic or compressing the pancreatic duct, carcinoid tumours of the pancreas are asymptomatic, with normal levels of serotonine and its metabolites in plasma and urine . Though the exact ratio of functioning versus nonfunctioning carcinoid tumours is not yet known, for pancreatic tumours it was estimated to be 1:10 . In contrast, there are pancreatic carcinomas with neuroendocrine characteristics and carcinoid-like-symptoms . For these reasons, a late diagnosis and a consequent poor prognosis are usual patterns for pancreatic carcinoid. In the Modlin and Sandor series , at the time of diagnosis, 76% of pancreatic carcinoid were non-localised, and the 5-year survival rate was only 34.1%. In the recent revised classification of neuroendocrine tumours the size of 2 cm seems to be of a crucial value over which carcinoid tumours start to exhibit a malignant behaviour. In other words, if resection is timely accomplished, no local recurrence might be encountered and a normal survival might be expected in the absence of metastatic disease . We report a case of a primary pancreatic carcinoid with unusual clinical presentation that induced us to describe some insights on these infrequent tumours. Case Report A 62-year-old woman was referred to our Institution in February 1999 for intermittent epigastric pain and nausea, not always in relation to a meal. Clinical complaints of the patient began 12 months before our observation. During this period, her blood tests, upper GI endoscopy and abdominal computerised tomographic (CT) scan were found to be normal. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a 15 mm hypoechoic lesion in the pancreas, and dilatation of proximal pancreatic duct. In the past, the patient had undergone appendectomy, subtotal hysterectomy, a surgical treatment of the left shoulder for traumatic lesion of ligaments and surgical removal of a left benign breast nodule. During the previous year, the patient had suffered due to left leg phebitis complicated by minimal pulmonary embolism. She had a history of moderate smoking and alcohol intake for a long time and had been taking medicines (tranquillisers, vasodilators, antacids, analgesics). There was no history of weight loss. An abdominal examination did not evidence any abnormality. Her haematological and biochemical parameters were unremarkable. Serum amylase and lipase levels were within normal range. Serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels were not elevated. Serum gastrin, glucagon, insulin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels were within normal limits. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were normal, but serum serotonine level was elevated on three occasions (430, 365 and 370 U/L respectively). Repeat CT scan of the upper abdomen and an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography failed to reveal any pathology. An endoscopic ultrasonography was performed with a mechanical sector scanner (Olympus®GF-UM 20, Hamburg, Germany), which detected a 20 × 10 mm hypoechogenic tumour located at the junction of the isthmus and body of the pancreas, confirming previous ultrasonographic report (Figure 1). However, there was no sign of proximal pancreatic duct dilatation as well as of vascular invasion or metastatic disease, as reported on earlier ultrasonographic examination. Somatostatin-receptor Scintigraphy with 111Indium labelled pentreotide (Octroscan®, Mallinckrodt, Petten, The Netherlands) revealed a accumulation of the radioligand in the region of the suspected tumour, and confirmed the absence of metastatic disease. In view of a localised pancreatic neoplasm, a surgical removal of the tumour was planned. At laparotomy, a pancreatic tumour was found by palpation on the left side of the portal vein. This was confirmed by intra-operative ultrasonography which showed an hypoechogenic, well-defined tumour, located between isthmus and corpus of the pancreas. The rest of the pancreas appeared normal. There was no evidence of metastasis in the liver and rest of the peritoneal cavity. Left spleno-pancreatectomy (distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy) with splenic, celiac and hepatic lymphadenectomy was accomplished. Gross examination (Figure 2) of the cut specimen showed a tumour near but not compressing the pancreatic duct, which was not dilated. There was no evident involvement of celiac, hepatic and splenic lymph nodes. On microscopic examination the cell arrangement appeared compatible with a neuroendocrine tumour. The argentaffin reaction of Fontana-Masson was negative while argyrophil reaction of Grimelius was positive. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated 100% tumour cell staining with chromogranine, anti-NSE and anti-synaptophysine antibodies. Staining with antibodies for gastrin, VIP, glucagon, insulin were negative. Tumour cells displayed strong immuno-reactivity to anti-serotonine antibodies. The above findings on pathological examination were conclusive of a diagnosis of a benign or low-grade malignant (functioning, well differentiated, non-angioinvasive) neuroendocrine EC cell (carcinoid) tumour of the pancreas in the Capella classification . One year after her operation, the patient was free of symptoms, her serum levels of serotonine were within normal limits and she had no signs of distant metastases. Discussion Carcinoid tumours cannot be considered a rare disease any longer, with reports on large number of patients being published in medical literature [2, 8]. Their incidence varies from 2.1 per 100,000 population per year to 8.4 per 100,000 population per year . It is likely that a significant percentage of carcinoid tumours remain asymptomatic and undetected during the lifetime of an individual. According to their embryological origin, these tumours are classified into foregut carcinoid (respiratory tract, pancreas, stomach, proximal duodenum), midgut carcinoid (jejunum, ileum, appendix, Meckel's diverticulum, ascending colon) and hindgut carcinoid tumours (transverse and descending colon, rectum) . This distinction may be useful, as carcinoid tumours from different areas have different clinical manifestations, humoral products and immunohistochemical features. Most of the classic syndromes relating to the overproduction of gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones originate from foregut carcinoid. Most of the cases are thought to secrete such low amounts of hormones that it causes no clinical symptoms, and hormones hypersecretory states cannot be detected . In the present report, only a slight increase in serum serotonine levels occurred without any increase in urinary levels of its metabolites (5-HIAA). This is consistent with a benign behaviour of our patient, as the tumours become symptomatic only when hepatic metastases occur, which manifests as classic carcinoid syndrome. It is not clear whether such behaviour can be attributed to a benign tumour alone or to an early stage malignant tumour too. In classic histological terminology, carcinoid lesions are widely regarded as malignant neoplasms, [10, 12] however, there are no precise histological criteria to distinguish benign from malignant carcinoid or the carcinoid with metastatic potential. The possibility of a cure in these patients is directly related to an early diagnosis. Unfortunately, as these lesions are asymptomatic or have non-specific clinical manifestations, as in our case the diagnosis is often delayed. The most frequent symptoms associated with pancreatic carcinoid tumours are abdominal pain (66%) and diarrhoea (52%), related to intestinal hypermotility . In some reports [13–16] pancreatitis seemed to be the consequence of the ductal obstruction by the tumour, while in one report a recurrent pancreatitis was present for more than 10 years before the onset of the first symptoms attributed to a carcinoid. The pathogenesis of the abdominal pain in our patient is difficult to ascertain, as no associated pancreatitis, pancreatic duct dilation or neural invasion were detected at the pathological examination. We suspected that symptoms in our patient might be related to functional or transient events in the intestine or in the pancreatic duct due to episodic humoral or enzymatic secretions by the tumour. This is supported by the intermittent nature of the abdominal pain and the ultrasonographic finding of pancreatic duct dilation at the first instance, which was not detected on subsequent examinations. Endoscopic Ultrasonography is a useful test for detecting and precisely localizing a tumour within the pancreas . Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy with 111Indium labeled pentreotide is useful in confirming the neuroendocrine mass and excluding distant metastases . Both these investigations could successfully diagnose and localise the carcinoid tumour in our patient. More extensive application of these two investigations in clinical practice may result in early detection of neuroendocrine tumours even in patients with no or only non-specific complaints. Meanwhile, one should be aware of the existence of pancreatic carcinoid tumours. For the tumours limited to the pancreas and no evidence of distant metastases, a radical resection with lymphadenectomy can result in a precise histological characterisation of tumour and detection of occult lymph node metastases . Resection at this stage may be curative. References - 1. Buchanan KD, Johnston CF, O'Hare MM, Ardill JE, Shaw C, Collins JS, Watson RG, Atkinson AB, Hadden DR, Kennedy TL: Neuroendocrine tumours. A European view. Am J Med. 1986, 81 (Suppl 6B): 14-22. - 2. Modlin IM, Sandor A: An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumours. Cancer. 1997, 15: 813-829. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<813::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-2. - 3. Feldman JM: Carcinoid tumour and the carcinoid syndrome. Curr Probl Surg. 1989, 26: 835-885. - 4. Creutzfeldt W: Endocrine tumours of the pancreas. In: The diabetic pancreas. Edited by: Volk BW, Arquilla ER. 1985, New York, Plenum Publishing Corporation, 543-586. - 5. Eusebi V, Capella C, Bondi A, Sessa F, Vezzadini P, Mancini AM: Endocrine pancreatic cells in pancreatic exocrine carcinomas. Histopathology. 1981, 5: 599-613. - 6. Capella C, Heitz PU, Hoefler H, Solcia E, Kloeppel G: Revised classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung, pancreas and gut. Virchows Arch. 1995, 425: 547-560. - 7. Maurer CA, Baer HU, Dyong TH, Mueller-Garamvoelgyi E, Friess H, Ruchti C, Reubi JC, Buchler MW: Carcinoid of the pancreas: clinical characteristics and morphological features. Eur J Cancer. 1996, 7: 1109-1116. 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00049-4. - 8. Godwin JD: Carcinoid tumours. an analysis of 2837 cases. Cancer. 1975, 36: 560-569. - 9. Berge T, Linell F: Carcinoid tumours. Frequency in a defined population during a 12-year-period. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand[a]. 1976, 844: 322-330. - 10. Williams ED, Sandler M: The classification of carcinoid tumours. Lancet. 1963, 1: 238-239. 10.1016/S0140-6736(63)90951-6. - 11. Creutzfeldt W, Stockmann F: Carcinoids and carcinoid syndrome. Am J Med. 1987, 82: 4-16. - 12. Oberndorfer S: Karzinoide tumoren des dunndarms. Frankf Z Pathol. 1907, 1: 426-429. - 13. Patchefsky AS, Solit R, Phillips LD, Craddock M, Harrer MV, Cohn HE, Kowlessar OD: Hydroxyindole-producing tumours of the pancreas, carcinoid-islet cell tumour and oat cell carcinoma. Ann Int Med. 1972, 77: 53-61. - 14. Patchenfsky AS, Gordon G, Harrer WV, Hoch WS: Carcinoid tumour of the pancreas. Ultrastructural observations of a lymph node metastasis and comparison with bronchial carcinoid. Cancer. 1974, 33: 1349-1354. - 15. Nagai E, Yamaguchi K, Hashimoto H, Sakurai T: Carcinoid tumour of the pancreas with obstructive pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992, 87: 361-364. - 16. Taidi C, Soyer P, Barge J, Amouyal P, Levesque M: Tumeur carcinoide primitive du pancreas. J Radiol. 1993, 74: 347-350. - 17. Rosch T, Lightdale CJ, Botet JF, Boyce GA, Sivak MV, Yasuda K, Heyder N, Palazzo L, Dancygier H, Schusdziarra V: Localisation of pancreatic endocrine tumours by endoscopic untrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1992, 326: 1721-1726. - 18. Kisker O, Bartsch D, Weinel RJ, Joseph K, Welcke UH, Zaraca F, Rothmund M: The value of somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy in newly diagnosed endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours. J Am Coll Surg. 1997, 184: 487-492. - 19. Jaffe BM: Surgery for gut hormone-producing tumours. Am J Med. 1987, 82 (Suppl 5B): 68-76. Acknowledgements Authors are grateful to Professor M. F. Lebodic (Department of Pathology, CHU Nantes, France) for the immunohistochemical study. Authors’ original submitted files for images Below are the links to the authors’ original submitted files for images. Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Saint-Marc, O., Cogliandolo, A., Pozzo, A. et al. A primary pancreatic carcinoid tumour with unusual clinical complaints: A case report. World J Surg Onc 2, 3 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-2-3 Received: Accepted: Published:

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Carcinoid syndrome occurs when a rare cancerous tumor called a carcinoid tumor secretes certain chemicals into your bloodstream, causing a variety of signs and symptoms. A carcinoid tumor, which is a type of neuroendocrine tumor, occurs most often in the gastrointestinal tract or the lungs. Carcinoid syndrome typically occurs in people who have carcinoid tumors that are advanced. Treatment for carcinoid syndrome usually involves treating the cancer. However, because most carcinoid tumors don't cause carcinoid syndrome until they're advanced, a cure may not be possible. Medications may be recommended to relieve your carcinoid syndrome symptoms and make you more comfortable. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome depend on which chemicals the carcinoid tumor secretes into your bloodstream. The most common signs and symptoms include: - Skin flushing. The skin on your face and upper chest feels hot and changes color — ranging from pink to purple. Flushing episodes may last from a few minutes to a few hours or longer. Flushing may happen for no obvious reason, though sometimes it can be triggered by stress, exercise or drinking alcohol. - Facial skin lesions. Purplish areas of spiderlike veins may appear on your nose and upper lip. - Diarrhea. Frequent, watery stools sometimes accompanied by abdominal cramps may occur in people who have carcinoid syndrome. - Difficulty breathing. Asthma-like signs and symptoms, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, may occur at the same time you experience skin flushing. - Rapid heartbeat. Periods of a fast heart rate could be a sign of carcinoid syndrome. When to see a doctor Make an appointment with your doctor if you have signs and symptoms that concern you. Causes Carcinoid syndrome is caused by a carcinoid tumor that secretes serotonin or other chemicals into your bloodstream. Carcinoid tumors occur most often in the gastrointestinal tract, including your stomach, small intestine, appendix, colon and rectum. Only a small percentage of carcinoid tumors secrete the chemicals that cause carcinoid syndrome. When these tumors do secrete the chemicals, the liver normally neutralizes the chemicals before they have a chance to travel through your body and cause symptoms. However, when an advanced tumor spreads (metastasizes) to the liver itself, it may secrete chemicals that aren't neutralized before reaching the bloodstream. Most people who experience carcinoid syndrome have an advanced cancer that has spread to the liver. Some carcinoid tumors don't have to be advanced to cause carcinoid syndrome. For instance, carcinoid lung tumors that secrete chemicals into the blood do so farther upstream from the liver, which then cannot process and eliminate the chemicals. Carcinoid tumors in the intestine, on the other hand, secrete the chemicals into blood that must first pass through the liver before reaching the rest of the body. The liver usually neutralizes the chemicals before they can affect the rest of the body. What causes carcinoid tumors is unclear. Complications Having carcinoid syndrome can cause the following complications: - Carcinoid heart disease. Some people with carcinoid syndrome develop carcinoid heart disease. Carcinoid syndrome causes problems with the heart valves, making it difficult for them to function properly. As a result, the heart valves may leak. Signs and symptoms of carcinoid heart disease include fatigue and shortness of breath. Carcinoid heart disease can eventually lead to heart failure. Surgical repair of damaged heart valves may be an option. - Carcinoid crisis. Carcinoid crisis causes a severe episode of flushing, low blood pressure, confusion and breathing difficulty. Carcinoid crisis can occur in people with carcinoid tumors when they are exposed to certain triggers, including anesthetic used during surgery. Carcinoid crisis can be fatal. Your doctor may give you medications before surgery to reduce the risk of carcinoid crisis. Diagnosis Your doctor will assess your signs and symptoms to rule out other causes of skin flushing and diarrhea. If no other causes are found, your doctor may suspect carcinoid syndrome. To confirm a diagnosis, your doctor may recommend further tests, including: - Urine test. Your urine may contain a substance made when your body breaks down serotonin. An excess amount of this substance could indicate that your body is processing extra serotonin, the chemical most commonly excreted by carcinoid tumors. - Blood test. Your blood may contain high levels of certain substances that are released by some carcinoid tumors. - Imaging tests. Imaging tests may be used to locate the primary carcinoid tumor and determine whether it has spread. Your doctor may start with a CT scan of your abdomen, because most carcinoid tumors are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Other scans, such as MRI or nuclear medicine scans, may be helpful in certain situations. - A scope or camera to see inside your body. Your doctor may use a long, thin tube equipped with a lens or camera to examine areas inside your body. - Removing tissue for laboratory testing. A sample of tissue from the tumor (biopsy) may be collected to confirm your diagnosis. What type of biopsy you'll undergo depends on where your tumor is located. An endoscopy, which involves passing a scope down your throat, may help your doctor see inside your gastrointestinal tract. A bronchoscopy, which uses a scope passed down your throat and into your lungs, can help find lung carcinoid tumors. Passing a scope through your rectum (colonoscopy) can help diagnose rectal carcinoid tumors. Treatment Treating carcinoid syndrome involves treating your cancer and may also involve using medications to control your specific signs and symptoms. Treatments may include: - Surgery. Surgery to remove your cancer or most of your cancer may be an option. - Medications to block cancer cells from secreting chemicals. Injections of the medications octreotide (Sandostatin) and lanreotide (Somatuline Depot) may reduce the signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome, including skin flushing and diarrhea. A drug called telotristat (Xermelo) can be combined with these drugs to control diarrhea caused by carcinoid syndrome. - Drugs that deliver radiation directly to the cancer cells. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) combines a drug that seeks out cancer cells with a radioactive substance that kills them. In PRRT for carcinoid tumors, the drug is injected into your body, where it travels to the cancer cells, binds to the cells and delivers the radiation directly to them. This therapy is used in people who have advanced cancer that hasn't responded to other treatments. - Stopping blood supply to liver tumors. In a procedure called hepatic artery embolization, a doctor inserts a catheter through a needle near your groin and threads it up to the main artery that carries blood to your liver (hepatic artery). The doctor injects particles designed to clog the hepatic artery, cutting off the blood supply to cancer cells that have spread to the liver. The healthy liver cells survive by relying on blood from other blood vessels. - Killing cancer cells in the liver with heat or cold. Radiofrequency ablation delivers heat through a needle to the cancer cells in the liver, causing the cells to die. Cryotherapy is similar, but it works by freezing the tumor. - Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses strong drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs can be given through a vein (intravenously) or in pill form, or both methods can be used. Lifestyle and home remedies Talk to your doctor about self-care measures that may improve your signs and symptoms. Self-care measures can't replace treatment, but they may complement it. Ask your doctor if you should: - Avoid things that cause skin flushing. Certain substances or situations, such as alcohol or large meals, can trigger flushing. Keep track of what causes your flushing, and try to avoid those triggers. - Consider taking a multivitamin. Chronic diarrhea makes it difficult for your body to process the vitamins and nutrients in the food you eat. Ask your doctor whether taking a multivitamin may be a good idea for you. Coping and support You may be relieved to finally find an answer to what's been causing your signs and symptoms, but a diagnosis of a rare disease, such as carcinoid syndrome, can be stressful. As you develop your way of coping with a cancer diagnosis, talk with your health care team about how you feel and consider trying to: - Find out enough about carcinoid syndrome to make decisions about your care. Ask your doctor questions about your condition. Ask members of your health care team to recommend resources where you can get more information. Knowing about your condition may enable you to better participate in decisions about your care. - Talk to other people with carcinoid syndrome. Support groups for people with carcinoid syndrome put you in touch with those who have faced the same challenges you are facing. Ask your doctor about groups in your area. Carcinoid syndrome is rare, though, so you may need to connect with people outside your immediate area or online. - Take care of yourself. Do what you can to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eat a diet full of fruits and vegetables. When you feel up to it, include light exercise in your daily routine. Cut extra stress out of your life when possible. Get plenty of sleep so that you feel rested when you wake up. Take care of your body and mind so that you're better able to stick to your cancer treatment plan. Preparing for an appointment You may start by seeing your family doctor if you have signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Depending on what your doctor finds, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in treating cancer (oncologist), a specialist in disorders of the endocrine system (endocrinologist) or a surgeon. Because appointments can be brief, and because there's often a lot to discuss, it's a good idea to be prepared. Here's some information to help you get ready, and know what to expect from your doctor. What you can do - Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions. At the time you make the appointment, be sure to ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. - Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment. - Write down key personal information, including any major stresses or recent life changes. - Make a list of all medications, vitamins or supplements that you're taking. - Consider taking a family member or friend along. Sometimes it can be difficult to remember all the information provided during an appointment. Someone who accompanies you may remember something that you missed or forgot. - Write down questions to ask your doctor. Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time together. List your questions from most important to least important in case time runs out. For carcinoid syndrome, some basic questions to ask your doctor include: - What is likely causing my symptoms or condition? - Other than the most likely cause, what are other possible causes for my symptoms or condition? - What kinds of tests do I need? - Is my condition likely temporary or chronic? - What is the best course of action? - What are the alternatives to the primary approach that you're suggesting? - I have other health conditions. How can I best manage them together? - Are there any restrictions that I need to follow? - Should I see a specialist? What will that cost, and will my insurance cover it? - Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you're prescribing me? - Are there brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend? - What will determine whether I should plan for a follow-up visit? In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask other questions as they occur to you. What to expect from your doctor Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being ready to answer them may allow time later to cover other points you want to address. Your doctor may ask: - When did you first begin experiencing symptoms? - Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional? - How severe are your symptoms? - What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? - What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms? Unsupported Browser! This website will offer limited functionality in this browser. We only support the recent versions of major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

https://www.sparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/carcinoid-syndrome

Cardiac auscultation is an essential physical exam tool for providers. Comprehension of anatomy, physiology, and underlying physics, with mastery of physical examination, can uncover many potential pathologies and prevent serious complications. In trained individuals, sensitivity and specificity for murmurs can reach 70% and 98%, respectively. Since early detection of cardiac murmurs can be essential to reducing morbidity and mortality, healthcare providers should master these murmurs and their common etiologies. Murmurs of the cardiac system develop due to alterations in blood flow or mechanical operation. Depending on the cause, auscultation findings in pitch, volume, and rhythm may change. The development of murmurs is highly dependent on the etiology and is not always associated with a pathologic process; benign murmurs are common in children and during pregnancy. Murmurs develop from a multitude of mechanisms. Typical cases include low blood viscosity from anemia, septal defects, failure of the ductus arteriosus to close in newborns, excessive hydrostatic pressure on cardiac valves causing valve failure, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and valvular specific pathologies. Regardless of underlying etiology, all involve the creation of disturbed blood flow, which produces a murmur. Auscultation Murmurs are identifiable through auscultation using a manual or electronically enhanced stethoscope. Description of murmurs is made using the following criteria, explained below: location, quality, and timing. Location Quality: Intensity Quality: Pitch Quality: Profile Timing Maneuvers Most murmurs will increase or decrease in volume when the patient performs certain maneuvers. This dynamic quality of murmurs is used as a clinical tool during the patient's physical exam to aid in diagnosing a specific murmur. Some examples of how maneuvers change the intensity of particular murmurs include: Imaging Symptomatic patients presenting with new murmurs are always investigated with imaging. An echocardiogram is preferred to evaluate cardiac structure and function because of its practicality, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting valvular diseases. It also dynamically evaluates the heart, allowing for the diagnosis of disease otherwise unseen on nondynamic imaging. Echocardiography and a chest X-ray are recommended by several major organizations such as the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology as the first imaging studies to perform to evaluate symptomatic murmurs. Several types of echocardiography are available. The least invasive is trans-thoracic echocardiography. Trans-thoracic echocardiography allows for the accurate diagnosis of valvular diseases, embolism, endocarditis, and aortic dissection. It is the simplest echocardiographic method, but in some patients, images may be obstructed by the rib cage or excess tissue in obese patients. For these patients, another more invasive technique, trans-esophageal echocardiography, may be appropriate. Trans-esophageal echocardiography eliminates image obstruction by visualizing the heart via a transducer introduced into the esophagus. Finally, cardiac catheterization can be utilized for identifying pathologies. The catheter is used to measure pressure and flow in the heart, providing valuable information to the provider. This is the most invasive form of identification and thus is typically reserved if other modalities fail. Common Murmurs and the Cardiac Disease States Murmurs have been closely linked to a multitude of diseases throughout the centuries. There are several common murmurs and cardiac disease states from which each specific murmur develops. Aortic stenosis Aortic stenosis is caused by narrowing the aortic valve and is the most common valvular pathology in the developed world. Typically, the stenosis arises from senile calcification or a congenital anomaly, such as a bicuspid aortic valve. Less commonly, rheumatic heart disease can affect the aortic valve. The characteristic crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur is auscultated at the right upper sternal border and may radiate to the carotid arteries. Aortic Regurgitation Aortic regurgitation, also known as aortic insufficiency, is a decrescendo blowing diastolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, heard when blood flows retrograde into the left ventricle. This is most commonly seen in aortic root dilation and as sequelae of aortic stenosis. Innocent or Flow Murmur This type of murmur is usually mid-systolic, caused by increased cardiac output. It is associated with no symptoms, typically seen in childhood and pregnancy, and resolves spontaneously. Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary stenosis is a systolic murmur best heard at the upper left sternal border and commonly associated with tetralogy of Fallot, carcinoid syndrome, congenital rubella syndrome, and Noonan syndrome. Tricuspid stenosis This diastolic murmur best heard at the lower left sternal border. Typical causes include infective endocarditis, seen in intravenous drug users, and carcinoid syndrome. Prolonged tricuspid stenosis may lead to right atrial enlargement and arrhythmias. Tricuspid regurgitation This type of murmur is systolic, auscultated at the lower left sternal border. It is also associated with intravenous drug users and carcinoid syndrome. Mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis is a diastolic murmur, best heard at the left 5th midclavicular line. It is associated with infective endocarditis and chronic rheumatic heart disease Mitral regurgitation Mitral regurgitation is a systolic murmur, best heard at the left 5th midclavicular line with possible radiation to the left axilla. It is commonly associated with infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, congenital anomalies, and inferior wall myocardial infarctions. Mitral valve prolapse This murmur is auscultated as an early systolic click, with a potential last systolic murmur. Prolapse is associated with chronic diseases of the valves and congenital anomalies. Pulmonic stenosis Pulmonic stenosis is the main murmur auscultated in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot. It is described as a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur heard loudest at the upper left sternal border. Onset is typically from congenital causes but may be seen in chronic rheumatic heart disease. Austin Flint murmur This type of murmur is a mid-diastolic rumbling murmur heard best over the apex. It is speculated to occur due to an aortic regurgitant jet causing the anterior mitral valve leaflet to close prematurely. Austin Flint murmurs may be mistaken for mitral stenosis. Atrial septal defect This congenital defect is located between the left and right atria, which allows blood to flow freely. Typical auscultation reveals a loud and wide fixed split S2 at the upper left sternal border. More substantial atrial septal defects are quieter, while small ones are louder and have a harsh quality, due to less turbulence through a larger, unrestricted conduit. Ventricular septal defect This murmur is holosystolic, best heard at the apex. Like atrial septum defects, smaller holes typically present with louder and harder murmurs. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is an inherited myocardial disease in which the myocardium undergoes hypertrophic changes. These changes cause a systolic ejection murmur due to the mitral valve hitting the thickened septal wall during systole. The murmur is heard best between the apex and the left sternal border. It becomes louder with any maneuver that decreases preload or afterload, such as Valsalva or abrupt standing. This effect occurs because the lower ventricular blood volume from reduced preload or afterload allows for a closer approximation of the mitral valve to the hypertrophied septal wall, causing more turbulent blood flow. Patent ductus arteriosus This distinct machine-like murmur is heard continuously at the left upper sternal border. Avoidance of NSAIDs is standard, due to potentially closing the life-sustaining conduit until assurance of proper cardiac function is established. Turners syndrome This inherited disease often presents with a murmur in young women, most commonly due to the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve or coarctation of the aorta. A bicuspid aortic valve will present as a systolic murmur best heard at the right second intercostal space. Coarctation of the aorta will present in both systole and diastole and is heard over the thoracic spine. The continuous harsh systolic component of the aorta's coarctation is due to turbulent blood flowing through the aorta's small diameter section. Its diastolic component is due to aortic regurgitation. Other causes of murmurs in these patients include hypoplastic left heart or aortic dissection. Tetralogy of Fallot The murmur in Tetralogy of Fallot will present in an infant and is usually due to pulmonic valve stenosis. Another possible source of murmur in these patients is from the ventricular septal defect. However, this is less likely because the ventricular septal defect is often large in Tetralogy of Fallot patients. Pulmonic valve stenosis is characterized as an early systolic click with a harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur, best heard at the left upper sternal border. Unlike aortic stenosis, this murmur will not radiate to the carotids. Carcinoid syndrome Carcinoid syndrome causes thickening of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, which leads to either stenosis or regurgitation murmurs from the valves. This thickening arises from high amounts of serotonin released from the carcinoid tumor after the tumor has metastasized to the liver. Chronic rheumatic heart disease Chronic rheumatic heart disease is a sequela of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever. Autoimmune driven destruction occurs as a result of molecular mimicry between streptococcal M protein and the cardiac tissue. Infective endocarditis Infective endocarditis is associated with bacterial vegetative growths, most commonly seen on the tricuspid valve. This can lead to tricuspid stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation. Prosthetic Valve Leaks Murmurs may develop from a leak in any of the prostheses available for the four cardiac valves. When combined with an accurately identified murmur, a patient history can provide critical details that lead to diagnosis. Intravenous drug use, a history of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis or scarlet fever, valve replacement history, and a family history of cardiovascular disease or genetic disease are important historical items to be aware of in a patient with a murmur. In addition to patient history, obtaining a detailed cardiovascular physical examination is paramount in identifying a murmur and its associated disease. Begin by auscultating the four cardiac listening posts to determine the cardiac murmur's location and allow for its characterization. Murmurs are described using the thoracic cage position where they are auscultated, pitch, volume, and in which phase of the cardiac cycle they occur. Auscultating other locations such as the axilla and carotid arteries also help accurately diagnose the murmur. It should be performed on any patient with a suspicion of a murmur. More severe murmurs are associated with thrills, which are palpable vibrations. Murmurs are graded in intensity from 1 to 6 using the Levine grading scale. Murmurs are critical physical examination findings in many patients. Many diseases have associated murmurs. Fortunately, each murmur often has enough distinguishing qualities that, when combined with patient history, allows the physician to create a concise list of possible diagnoses. Imaging such as an echocardiogram is essential for a definitive diagnosis of any underlying cardiac disease. The skill of accurately describing a murmur is just as important as gathering a patient’s history. For example, the ability to accurately report whether a murmur is heard in systole or diastole in a healthy-appearing child is essential. The difference will determine whether or not to refer the patient to a pediatric cardiologist for further evaluation.

https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/788/

Metastasis of primary tumors to the foot is uncommon; however, when it does occur, the most common sources are colorectal, kidney, and lung. Metastatic bone tumors greatly outnumber primary bone tumors. Based on the literature, metastasis to the hands and feet (acrometastases) occurs in only 0.007% to 0.3% of patients with malignancies. Statistics indicate a frequency of metastatic foot lesions of less than 2%. Metastatic lesions of the foot are rarely reported, likely because of the difficulty or delay in diagnosis. Autopsy reports have documented that 20% to 70% of all patients who died of their malignant disease show microscopic evidence of osseous metastases. The first case of metastasis to the foot was reported in 1920 by Bloodgood.3 Metastatic tumors can occur in any bone in the foot. Lung carcinoma has been the most common malignancy reported to metastasize to the foot. An increasing number of cases have been noted in the literature with findings of lung metastasis to the lower extremities. In 2002, a 71-year-old woman presented with atraumatic ankle pain, which resulted in a full radiographic work-up, revealing metastatic lung carcinoma to the distal fibula with bony erosion and pathologic fracture. Another such case involved metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the lung to the first metatarsal, initially diagnosed as gout. The patient underwent partial first-ray amputation and radiotherapy. Although rare, adenocarcinoma metastasis to the phalanges of the foot has been reported. A similar case to the one encountered herein was a 67-year-old woman who presented with pain to the fifth digit, which resulted from metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent excisional biopsy.7 Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by nonsegmental pain in one or more extremities combined with vasomotor instability, trophic changes, and radiographic osteopenia. It is now classified as two variants: CRPS I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) is associated with a minor injury, fracture, or surgical procedure with no peripheral nerve injury, and CRPS II (otherwise known as causalgia) develops after damage to a peripheral nerve. Bone scans, particularly triphasic bone scans, add a higher degree of specificity for diagnostic purposes. However, CRPS is a clinical diagnosis and is sometimes considered a diagnosis of exclusion. In recent literature, the pathogenesis and mechanics have become better understood, but these are beyond the scope of this case report. Reports of associations between CRPS and metastatic lesions are scattered throughout the literature. Various internal malignancies have been associated with CRPS since 1938, particularly the shoulder-hand variant. Two cases reported in 1984 of CRPS in the shoulder revealed an association with adenocarcinoma in the colon and axillary lymph node. Fewer cases have been reported in the lower extremity. A 2005 case of synovial sarcoma occurring in the knee of a 28-year-old woman was made 20 years after the onset of symptoms using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and needle biopsy. Findings from clinical examination and a triple-phase bone scan were consistent with a diagnosis of CRPS. The purpose of this study was to contribute a case to the literature on the occurrence of metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the foot and its association, if any, with CRPS. Case Report A 56-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with pain in her left foot of 4 months’ duration after bumping her toe into a kitchen table. History revealed that the patient had initially sought treatment with several different physicians. She was treated for Morton’s neuroma and given corticosteroid injections, with no relief and exacerbation of her symptoms. She was referred to a neurologist, who sent her to undergo a nerve conduction study, which revealed no electrodiagnostic signs of peripheral nerve entrapment, although L5 radiculopathy was noted with electromyography. She was prescribed hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen (Vicodin; AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois) and pregabalin (Lyrica; Pfizer Inc, New York, New York), again with little to no improvement, and was sent for physical therapy. The patient returned to her primary care physician, who sent her for MRI of the foot, demonstrating a fracture of the left third proximal phalanx. She was referred to another foot and ankle specialist, who treated her with compression and immobilization in a pneumatic CAM Walker (Zinco Industries Inc, Pasadena, California). With her condition worsening she was further referred to a foot and ankle orthopedic surgeon, who evaluated her and diagnosed her as having neuritis and recommended injections for relief of her symptoms. The patient refused the injections and presented to the emergency department with pain to her left third toe and foot with symptoms of electrical shooting and pin-pricking pain to her left lower extremity. The patient also stated that she has a history of bronchitis over the past several months and a 30-year history of smoking tobacco. On examination, the pedal pulses to the left foot were palpable, with all sensations to the limb intact. Diffuse erythema with a mottled appearance was noted on the skin dorsally, with moderate pitting edema of the left leg and foot. The skin of the left lower extremity was intact, with no acute clinical signs of infection. Pain with palpation was elicited from the third toe, as was pain with passive, but not active, range of motion. Radiographic evaluation revealed asymmetrical diffuse osteopenia compared with the contralateral side, with an irregular mottled appearance to the marrow of the distal foot with an aggressive erosive process involving the shaft of the third proximal phalanx. Findings from chest radiography were within normal limits, seemingly without signs of pulmonary involvement. A work-up was performed in the hospital, and the patient was referred to our services as an outpatient. The patient was sent for a triple-phase bone scan and a second MRI to rule out a pathologic fracture and to help diagnose CRPS. The triple-phase bone scan revealed increased vascularity in the left foot centered at the third digit. Patchy areas of uptake were seen throughout the left lower extremity, specifically the left foot, with intense uptake. Radiograph showing diffuse osteopenia and cortical erosion of all of the bones but specifically of the third proximal phalanx. Patchy areas of uptake were seen throughout the left lower extremity, specifically the left foot, with intense uptake to the third digit in the immediate delayed images. Abnormal delayed tracer uptake was diffusely seen in the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges, which was highly suggestive of CRPS. An MRI was performed immediately, and its findings described an underlying aggressive process occurring in the left third toe. The left proximal phalanx of the third toe showed marrow signal abnormality with an expanded appearance and loss of cortical detail extending to the surrounding soft tissue. Owing to these findings, the patient was scheduled for a biopsy to definitively characterize the pathologic process. The patient was taken to the operating room for bone and soft-tissue biopsy of the left third toe. A 3- cm incision was made to the dorsal aspect of the third toe from the proximal interphalangeal joint proximally to the third metatarsophalangeal joint. With careful dissection, it was immediately apparent that there was considerable disorganization of the soft-tissue structures and an atypical appearance of the anatomy. On encountering the proximal phalanx, the bone was noted to be soft and the cartilage was not adhered to the head of the proximal phalanx. A No. 15 blade was used to resect the head of the proximal phalanx due to lack of bony integrity. Bone, cartilage, and soft-tissue specimens were sent for cytologic and histopathologic analysis. The incision was then irrigated and closed in a standard manner. Bone and tissue analysis revealed that the preliminary histopathologic findings were consistent with a metastatic moderately differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. An oncology consultation and a positron emission tomography scan were completed to identify the exact location of the primary tumor. Once the positron emission tomography findings were confirmed to be positive for metastasis from the lungs, the patient was referred to oncology for further medical management. Under the direction of an oncologist, the patient began chemotherapy in an attempt to slow the progression of her metastases. However, the patient died several months into her chemotherapy treatment. Discussion A review of the literature noted few reports of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the foot. The diagnosis of solitary metastasis to the foot is difficult. Initial presentation usually includes nonspecific complaints of a painful and swollen foot. The present patient’s delay in diagnosis was likely due to the vague symptoms elicited by the tumor. Often, patients are first worked up and treated for more common conditions. Thus, it is not unusual for symptoms in the foot to become apparent before detection of the primary tumor. If possible, a detected tumor should be biopsied. Based on the results of histopathologic analysis in conjunction with advanced imaging, the site of the primary lesion can be determined. The treatment goals should also include reduction of symptoms and maintenance of weightbearing function to the involved extremity. Occurrences of primary lesions metastasizing to the foot are uncommon in the literature, but the delay in diagnosis may have something to do with that as well. Hattrup et al reviewed cases of metastatic involvement in the foot and ankle, of which the most common primary tumor was lung carcinoma. He also found that diagnosis was delayed 1 to 24 months. Eggold et al reported a case of adenocarcinoma in the lung with phalangeal metastasis. In 2005, Ramkumar et al presented a case of adenocarcinoma in the distal phalanx of the hallux with the primary lesion located in the lung. Although the lesion was excised and biopsied, however unusual these cases may be, bone metastasis should be in the differential diagnosis. Leeson et al showed a 1.7% occurrence of metastasis to the feet in 827 autopsied patients with cancer and only 0.6% to the hand. Infrequently, CRPS is associated with malignant circumstances. Complex regional pain syndrome is characterized by spontaneous pain disproportionate to the inciting injury, hyperalgesia, allodynia, sensorimotor dysfunction, edema, sudomotor abnormalities, and skin color changes. The diagnosis of CRPS is a diagnosis of exclusion. Therefore, the present case illustrates the importance of identifying a possible etiology for the CRPS due to it representing a systemic process that may be triggered by injury in another area of the body. Metastasis to bone is the most common cause of pain in patients with cancer, with many patients experiencing pain even before skeletal metastasis becomes radiographically apparent. It can, therefore, be suggested that CRPS may represent a paraneoplastic syndrome in some cases. Ku et al14 suggested a causal relationship between their two cases of breast adenocarcinoma and lymphoma and the association with CRPS. However, as the mechanism of CRPS has become more recently understood, it is difficult to assess the relationship, if any, with malignancy. It is speculation, in this case, whether the presence of CRPS was related to the ensuing metastatic adenocarcinoma or whether asymptomatic malignancy could have contributed to the pain biology and clinical presentation. It is difficult to deduce whether this patient developed CRPS as a result of the increasing aggression of the bone tumor to the area or whether this was a case of paraneoplastic syndrome, as suggested by other articles. The onset of CRPS without obvious injury or trauma may warrant a work-up for malignancy.

https://certifiedfoot.com/cause-of-complex-regional-pain-syndrome-in-foot/

Background context: Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a regional syndrome characterized by pain and reproducible tenderness in the region of the greater trochanter, buttock or lateral thigh that may mimic the symptoms of lumbar nerve root compression. Despite these known features, the diagnosis of GTPS is often missed, and documentation of its prevalence in an orthopedic spine specialty practice is lacking. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of the GTPS in patients referred to a tertiary care orthopedic spine referral center for the evaluation of low back pain, and to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with this syndrome. Study design/setting: Retrospective analysis. Patient sample: A total of 247 consecutive patients referred for low back pain from August 1998 through December 2000. Outcome measures: Clinical response to injection, demographic characteristics, physical examination findings, prevalence of GTPS and preexisting diagnostic evaluations. Methods: The diagnosis of GTPS was made based on history and physical examination and was confirmed by response to anesthetic corticosteroid injection. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study group were evaluated. Follow-up data were available at a mean of 8 weeks postinjection (range, 2 to 48 weeks). Results: The prevalence of GTPS was 20.2% (51 of 252). Mean age (54 years) was the same for patients with (range, 25 to 85 years) and without (range, 17 to 85 years) GTPS. Significantly more women than men had GTPS (p<.03). Of the 51 patients diagnosed with GTPS at initial presentation, 54.9% (28 of 51) had already obtained a magnetic resonance imaging examination (although only 15.7%, ie, 8 of 51, demonstrated objective neurologic findings) and 62.7% (32 of 51) had previously been evaluated by an orthopedist or neurosurgeon; one patient had undergone two lumbar decompressions without clinical improvement before our evaluation. Conclusions: GTPS accounts for a substantial proportion of patients referred to our center for evaluation of low back pain. Both primary care physicians and specialty surgeons may miss this diagnosis, most common in middle-aged women. Accurate recognition of this problem earlier in the evaluation of patients with low back, buttock or lateral thigh symptoms may dramatically reduce costly patient referrals and diagnostic tests and may prevent unwarranted surgery.

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/greater-trochanteric-pain-syndrome-in-patients-referred-to-orthop

We describe the case of a woman who presented with seemingly non-specific symptoms, including collapse, but through examination was eventually revealed to have an unusual, potentially fatal, but treatable neurological condition. We share some thoughts on the process of diagnosis, the difficulty of diagnosing a rare disease and the practice of neurology on the acute medical take. We also highlight the value of screening neurological examination in acute medical patients. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman presented to hospital following a collapse. She was previously fit and well, her only medical problems being stable hypertension and hypothyroidism. A week earlier, she had seen her own doctor after feeling ‘flu-ish’. A few days later, she began to feel unsteady on her feet, ‘like being drunk’, and began to complain of ‘seeing double’. Also, her daughter noticed that her speech was rather slurred. Subjectively, the patient felt that her left side was a little weak and that she ‘drifted’ to that side. The collapse occurred as she was walking around her home and she clearly remembered her legs ‘giving way’. On examination, it was noted that she had dysarthria and that, although muscle power was normal in all limbs, she had bilateral upper limb dysmetria and was unable to walk in a straight line. What is the differential diagnosis? The symptoms were a subacute deterioration of global cerebellar function, with gait ataxia, bilateral upper limb dysmetria and dysarthria. In an older lady with hypertension, stroke would be a common cause of cerebellar dysfunction. For stroke, however, one would expect an acute history that has features referable to one vascular territory; for example, stroke in one cerebellar hemisphere typically results in ipsilateral dysmetria. Bilateral dysmetria caused by bilateral cerebellar hemisphere strokes is unusual but not implausible, especially with a cardiac source of emboli. Neoplasia is another common cause of cerebellar dysfunction; in the older patient, this typically results from metastases from breast or lung cancers. Antibody-mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration can also occur in various cancers including lung, breast and ovarian. In the younger patient, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) would be another important differential, as would alcohol intoxication, which impairs cerebellar function and after prolonged use causes cerebellar degeneration. In addition, Wernicke's encephalopathy may occur as a result of thiamine deficiency in malnourished alcoholics; this classically presents as a triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion. Our patient did not consume alcohol and was not confused. She had not been exposed to drugs such as phenytoin or lithium, which may cause ataxia. Case progression A computed tomogram (CT) scan of the head was normal. Routine blood tests, electrocardiogram, and chest radiograph were also normal. A magnetic resonance (MR) scan with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed and, again, was normal. Meanwhile, the physiotherapists noted that the patient complained of worsening double vision. As the diagnosis remained unclear, the case was re-reviewed and a detailed neurological examination performed. This demonstrated complete paralysis of eye movements, profound upper and lower limb ataxia, global absence of reflexes and glove-and-stocking sensory loss. A diagnosis of the Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome was made, based on the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. Urgent spirometry was organised and revealed a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 0.8 l (11 ml/kg; less than 20 ml/kg is considered an indication for ventilatory support). Given the impending respiratory failure, a decision was made for immediate intubation and ventilation. The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit and commenced on a standard course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for 5 days. Lumbar puncture was performed; the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis are as shown in Table 1. From here on, the patient made an excellent recovery, leaving hospital ten days later with normal limb power, co-ordination and speech. Discussion Miller Fisher syndrome is rare, with an estimated annual incidence of one per million,1 and is certainly not a typical cause of collapse in an older woman presenting to the acute medical unit. The key lesson from this case is the process of diagnosis. Our diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome was largely clinical, although several investigations provided additional evidence. The CSF finding of a slightly raised protein with normal cell count was suggestive, although CSF can often be normal in the first weeks of disease.2 Serum anti-GQ1B antibodies were positive, as is typical,3 although this test took weeks to return and was therefore not helpful in the acute setting. Viral serology was positive for cytomegalovirus IgM, suggesting recent infection and the cause of the preceding flu-like illness. Cytomegalovirus is a common immunological trigger for Guillain-Barré syndrome,4 although the result did not in itself confirm our diagnosis. Nerve conduction studies showed no significant motor conduction abnormalities but did show reduced sensory nerve action potentials, effectively excluding classical Guillain-Barré syndrome and supporting our diagnosis of the Miller Fisher variant. The single most important test that led to the correct diagnosis was not, however, any of these advanced investigations; it was the simple clinical finding of ophthalmoplegia. Neurological examination is easily omitted or curtailed for acute medical patients who are admitted with a non-specific presentation. Realistically, it is often impractical to perform a full examination, especially when the patient is confused or uncooperative. Nevertheless, there are a few key bedside tests that can be performed relatively quickly and easily, even for patients who are unable to cooperate, and these should be routinely employed as a screening examination for neurological disease. Speech, eyes, face, limb power, co-ordination and reflexes are worth assessing in almost every case. In acute medicine, diagnoses are usually formulated in one of two ways.5 Sometimes, a systematic assessment of findings generates a list of differential diagnoses, each of which can be proved or disproved. In most cases, however, an intuitive diagnosis is rapidly made using triggers gained from the history and examination, which can then be confirmed using early investigation. Intuitive diagnosis using thinking short-cuts or ‘heuristics' allows large numbers of acute, undifferentiated patients to be rapidly assessed and treated. Unfortunately, intuitive diagnosis can be prone to errors, particularly when a patient presents with atypical or vague symptoms that do not immediately suggest a diagnosis, or when the underlying disease is a rare one. On these occasions, we should shift from intuitive diagnosis formation to the slower but more systematic assessment of patients. Key learning points Common things are common, but many people have rare diseases Although a full neurological examination can sometimes be impractical, a few quick screening tests are of value in almost all acute medical patients A subacute presentation of neurological features that are not referable to one part of the brain is not typical of stroke Ataxia may masquerade as weakness, and vice versa Intuitive diagnosis is useful, but systematic diagnosis is helpful when a patient presents with a vague or atypical presentation, or when the underlying diagnosis is a rare disease - © 2013 Royal College of Physicians References - ↵ - Schabet M - ↵ - ↵ - Yuki N, - Sato S, - Tsuji , - et al. - ↵ - ↵ - Kassirer JP, - Wong JB, - Kopelman RI Article Tools Citation Manager Formats Jump to section Related Articles - No related articles found. Cited By... - No citing articles found.

https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/13/6/592

Introduction Neurologists are confronted with complex patients in whom accurate diagnoses and improvement of symptoms are expected. One useful strategy is to determine if a patient has a constellation of symptoms and findings that fits within a broad category or syndrome, which then narrows the differential diagnosis and allows the clinician to commence a focused work-up. For example, the differential diagnosis and spectrum of available diagnostic studies for a patient with dementia, or a patient with parkinsonism, are rather wide; these are far more restricted in those who have elements of both dementia and parkinsonism. Furthermore, an insidious onset and progressive course suggests a neurodegenerative disease as the likely underlying process. This scenario is relatively common for community neurologists and very common for behavioral neurology and movement disorder specialists at academic centers. The primary differential diagnosis in a patient with dementia plus parkinsonism who has experienced an insidious onset and progressive course, in probable decreasing prevalence in the population, includes dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD) with dementia (PDD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal syndrome (CBS)/corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). One useful exercise in the clinic is to use the interview and examination to explore the following areas of symptomatology: cognitive/neuropsychological, behavioral/neuropsychiatric, motor/extrapyramidal, sleep, autonomic, sensory and other/miscellaneous features. In typical cases, these clinical features permit relatively easy differentiation (Table 15.1).

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/early-clinical-features-of-the-parkinsonian-related-dementias

This purpose of this article was to report the clinical case of a patient with Eagle’s syndrome. She was referred to the orthodontic clinic by her general clinician, with the complaint of temporomandibular dysfunction. The orthodontic records showed a styloid process elongation accompanied by calcification and fracture on the right side. Eagle’s syndrome was diagnosed, and the patient was referred to a buccomaxillofacial surgeon for surgical correction. The styloid process is a slender bony projection that originates in the inferior portion of the temporal bone, medially and anteriorly to the stylomastoid foramen. The stylopharyngeal, stylomandibular, and stylohyoid ligaments are inserted in it. Styloid process elongation is an anomaly that can be accompanied by calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments, capable of causing a series of symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, facial pain, otalgia, headache, tinnitis, and trismus. This set of symptoms associated with an elongated styloid apophysis is known as Eagle’s syndrome. Eagle’s syndrome, or styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, is characterized by styloid process elongation or stylohyoid ligament ossification. Described in 1937 by the otorhinolaryngologist with the same name, this syndrome can be associated with various syndromes, none of them pathognomonic: dysphagia, sore throat, otalgia, and vague facial pain. The symptoms are based on the length of the styloid process, which originates from the temporal bone and proceeds between the internal and external carotid arteries. The objective of this article was to describe a clinical case of a patient with Eagle’s syndrome, who sought treatment at the orthodontic clinic of Southwest Bahia University UESB with a complaint of temporomandibular dysfunction caused by occlusal maladjustment. Case report The patient, a 33-year-old woman, was referred to the orthodontic clinic by her prosthodontist with the complaint of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and malocclusion. The intraoral clinical examination showed a Class II right subdivision dental relationship with exaggerated vertical overlap (overbite) and absence of the maxillary left canine and the mandibular right first molar. She reported discomfort on opening her mouth, pain when swallowing, and pain and limitation in lateral movements of the head ( Fig 1 ). Complementary records were collected, including photographs ( Fig 2 ), radiographs ( Fig 3 ), and orthodontic impressions. The panoramic radiograph showed elongation of the styloid process and a fracture in the calcified ligament on the right. In the infra-auricular region, the patient complained of pain on palpation, particularly on the right side. Starting from this observation, the patient was referred to a buccomaxillofacial surgeon for evaluation. The surgeon decided to perform a surgical intervention to remove the calcified process. Thirty days after the surgical intervention, the patient returned to the clinic to begin orthodontic treatment, reporting improvement in the painful symptomatology. Discussion This article describes the clinical case of a patient who sought orthodontic treatment, complaining of pain in the temporomandibular joint region and difficulty with mouth opening and making lateral movements of the head. The patient had been referred by her prosthodontist, who attributed the pains to her malocclusion, and, according to him, he was faced with a temporomandibular dysfunction caused by poor dental positioning. Molina, in a study on occlusion and the temporomandibular joint, considered that temporomandibular joint dysfunction could be present with greater frequency in patients with the following characteristics of occlusion: unilteral or bilateral posterior reverse articulation (crossbite), Class II malocclusion, mutilated occlusion, or an exaggerated Spee curve, combined with gross interference on the balancing side. This patient had some of these characteristics: Class II dental relationship, exaggerated curve of Spee, several missing teeth, and occlusal interferences. Thus, her symptoms could well fit the condition of temporomandibular dysfunction. However, since orthodontic diagnosis is not based on clinical evaluation only, it was necessary to request intraoral and extraoral radiographs, photographs, and orthodontic impressions. Stylohyoid ligament ossification was diagnosed, verified by the panoramic radiograph. To Phillips and Shawkat, the diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome is made with adequate clinical and radiographic examinations, without which the patient would be subject to incorrect diagnosis and treatment. The symptoms associated with styloid process elongation are more common than one would imagine; nevertheless, this syndrome is unknown to most general clinicians. Consequently, they overlook it during differential diagnosis with an extensive variety of dental, temporalmandibular joint diseases, and facial and oral neuralgias, as occurred with this patient. To Prasad et al, elongated styloid processes could be the source of cervical and craniofacial pain, and diagnosis continues to be a challenge to many clinicians. The clinical diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome can be made during the physical examination, by means of palpation in the region of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa, thereby stimulating and triggering painful symptomatology, as in this patient. The treatment of Eagle’s syndrome depends on the degree of the patient’s discomfort, and, in most cases, it is surgery. Several studies have reported this to be the only effective treatment in symptomatic patients; nevertheless, treatments with analgesics, anti-inflammatory and psychotropic medications, and physiotherapy have been reported, in addition to alternative therapies that control the algic syndrome. In this patient, the chosen therapy was surgical removal of the calcified area. About 30 days after the surgery, the patient reported improvement in her symptomatology.

https://pocketdentistry.com/eagles-syndrome-in-an-orthodontic-patient/

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC). Design and setting: A cross-sectional survey at the Physiotherapy Unit and Outpatient Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Methods: To test validity, 100 patients with rotator cuff disorders were evaluated using the WORC, clinically relevant outcomes for patients with shoulder disorders (pain, range of motion, and strength), and the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), University of California Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) self-report measures. The WORC was repeated on 50 patients on the same day (more than 1 hour later) and after a mean interval of 7 days to evaluate the test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was tested by correlating the WORC to the other outcome measures using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. The scores were used to assess the standard error measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Results: Analysis between the WORC and clinically relevant outcomes for patients with shoulder disorders revealed weak to strong correlations; the weakest for active internal rotation (r = -0.22) and the strongest for pain during movement (r = -0.75). Strong correlations were found among the WORC and the DASH and UCLA (r = -0.86 and r = 0.80, respectively). There were moderate correlations between the WORC and SF-36 domains (0.37 to 0.69); the best correlations related to the physical domains. Reliability analysis revealed excellent results, with the intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.95 to 0.99 and Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.88 to 0.97. The SEM was 5.2 and 3.0 for time 0 and after a mean interval of 7 days, respectively. The MDC was 7.1 over this mean time interval (90% confidence interval). Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the WORC proved to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing health-related quality of life in patients with rotator cuff diseases.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18469569/?dopt=Abstract

Introduction: Developmental care provided to infants hospitalized at neonatal intensive care units (NICU) help weaken environmental stressors and reduce infant morbidity rates. Assessments are the first step to improving the quality of any type of care. Therefore, this study was conducted to design and assess the psychometric features of a scale designed for measuring quality of developmental care in the NICU in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted from December 2014 through September 2015 in Tehran, Iran. The present mixed-methods sequential exploratory (quantitative-qualitative) study used the Delphi method to design an initial questionnaire through a review of the literature and by using the input of experts. The validity of the questionnaire was ensured by assessing then validity of its content (qualitative-quantitative), face (qualitative-quantitative), and construct (exploratory factor analysis with 500 NICU personnel from 34 hospitals in Tehran), and its reliability was ensured by assessing its internal consistency (using Cronbach's alpha) and by assessing its stability through the test-retest method. Results: The qualitative stage of the study resulted in a 93-item questionnaire with eight domains. After performing the content and face analyses, a factor analysis was performed on 90 items of the questionnaire, yielding a 76-item questionnaire with five domains, including "sleep, pain and stress management," "routine care," "the family," "management," and "sensory care," which explained 62.5% of the variance. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.9 and its stability was confirmed by an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.93. Conclusion: The questionnaire developed for the assessment of developmental care in the NICU covered all of the dimensions of this type of care, and it is a valid and reliable tool for assessing and improving developmental care in the NICU.

http://ephysician.ir/index.php/browse-issues/2016/2016-1/279-1686

Background and Objective: Psycho-education is an intervention integrating psychotherapeutic and educational strategies. Whilst carer psycho-education is known to aid in psychiatric disorders, at present there is no known tool to assess the degree to which this is routinely provided by mental health professionals. Our objective was to develop and validate a tool, in English, which assesses psycho-education of carers of psychiatric patients in Pakistan. Methods: A questionnaire was generated in English. It was pretested on twenty male and female carers and was refined to attain a more reliable version. Sixty bilingual male and female primary carers, who were fluent in English, and had been in a care-giving role for more than three months were requested to complete the developed Questionnaire for the Assessment of Psycho-Education of Carers (APEC) at Fatima Memorial Hospital Psychiatry Out-patient department within a period of four months from December, 2017 to April, 2018. Carers were identified via patients presenting to a psychiatric OPD. Responses were analyzed for reliability and test retest consistency using Cronbach’s alpha analysis, Intraclass correlation coefficients, factor analysis and Paired t-test. Results: APEC was found to be easily understandable and capable of adequately assessing aspects of psycho-education. A high degree of internal consistency was demonstrated on cronbach’s alpha analysis. Cronbach’s α coefficient for various domains was sufficiently high ranging from 0.76 to 0.960. Similarly, domains of (APEC) were highly correlated. Test-retest reliability was assessed by computing the correlation between Visits 1 and 2 scores. Conclusion: The developed questionnaire can adequately assess psycho-education of primary carers in mental health settings. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.345.15710 How to cite this:Haider II, Tiwana F, Zohra N, Ur Rehaman K. Development and validation of assessment of psycho-education of carers questionnaire: An early experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2018;34(5):1237-1241. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.345.15710 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Refbacks - There are currently no refbacks.

https://www.pjms.com.pk/index.php/pjms/article/view/15710

Guidelines to document a Learning Disability: - The evaluation must be recent -- within the past four years. - The evaluation must be conducted by a licensed professional trained to do psychological testing. Typically this is a psychologist; however other professionals may have the qualifications to do psychoeducational testing. We may require an evaluator to provide information verifying their qualifications. - Testing should include a generally accepted test of intellectual aptitude, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – IV (WAIS-IV), the Kauffman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), or an equivalent full battery test. Screening tests such as the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) are insufficient. The tests selected must be appropriate for adults and use adult norms (i.e., adult comparison groups). - The testing will also need to include a generally accepted test of academic achievement, such as the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-II (WIAT II) or an equivalent battery. Screening tests such as the Wide Range Achievement Test IV (WRAT IV) are insufficient. [The Woodcock Johnson III NU Tests of Cognitive Abilities and Tests of Achievement can be used for 3 and 4 above, respectively.] - Evaluators are encouraged to include any other tests that they feel will help support their diagnostic conclusions. - The results should be written in report form, typed on letterhead and should include a history, a data summary and discussion, conclusions, DSM-IV diagnoses with codes, and recommendations for accommodations. This is a standard psychological report format. - The report should also specify functional limitations - that is, the challenges the student is facing or is likely to face in college. - Recommended accommodations should address specific functional limitations and be supported by a brief rationale. An example of an acceptable recommendation would be, "Fifty percent additional time is recommended on in-class examinations to minimize the impact of the student’s slower reading rate.” As you can see, the rationale doesn't need to be long but it should make a connection between the student’s functional limitation and the recommended accommodations. Note: Currently IEPs are not sufficient to establish disability, however, the evaluations upon which the IEP was based could be. IEPs can be submitted to Disability Services to inform decisions about accommodations.

https://www.sandiego.edu/disability/documentation/learning-disability.php

The clinical value of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing is limited, as the number of genes and genetic variants included in the test are not comprehensive enough to assess risk for most populations and conditions. According to a brief research report published in Annals of Internal Medicine, clinicians should prepare to address and educate patients on their concerns about genetic test results. The investigators of this case study sought to prepare and guide clinicians to help their patients understand the meaning and limitations of DTC genetic testing. The case scenario describes a young couple planning to start a family who presented their 23andMe results to their provider under the premise that these tests offer information on disease risk and carrier status for autosomal recessive diseases and pathogenic variants with reproductive implications. However, these tests are limited, including their clinical utility, in which only a fraction of genetic variants contributing to a disease are tested, and in no test does the analysis include comprehensive gene sequencing. These tests are further limited for individuals who are not of European or Ashkenazi Jewish decent, and do not test for variants common in minority populations. In addition, the information from these tests does not account for risk modified by interacting genes, environment, lifestyle, and family history. The investigators suggest the importance of distinguishing the difference between genetic health risk tests and diagnostic tests. Furthermore, the researchers identified 3 risks related to DTC testing: lack of understanding of the test by the consumer, incorrect test results, and erroneous interpretation of the results. Clinicians should help patients understand the test and its limitations in order to mitigate this risk, and patients who express concern about their genetic test results should be referred to a genetic counselor or qualified provider.

https://www.medicalbag.com/home/medicine/clinicians-should-address-concerns-and-limitations-of-dtc-genetic-testing/

Home > Law Books > Practice Materials > Private Activity Bond Tests, 2018 ed. Private Activity Bond Tests, 2018 ed. This title is a reference book that answers questions regarding the private activity limitations associated with the use of tax-exempt bond financed facilities. It will help you determine answers to questions such as what constitutes private use of a bond-financed facility, how do you measure private use, and does payment for the private use matter. Other questions discussed include when bond proceeds are deemed to be used to make a loan and can an improper use of bond proceeds, or of a bond-financed facility, be overcome.

https://store.legal.thomsonreuters.com/law-products/Practice-Materials/Private-Activity-Bond-Tests-2018-ed/p/104380143

Warning: more... Fetching bibliography... Generate a file for use with external citation management software. Lateral flow (immuno)assays are currently used for qualitative, semiquantitative and to some extent quantitative monitoring in resource-poor or non-laboratory environments. Applications include tests on pathogens, drugs, hormones and metabolites in biomedical, phytosanitary, veterinary, feed/food and environmental settings. We describe principles of current formats, applications, limitations and perspectives for quantitative monitoring. We illustrate the potentials and limitations of analysis with lateral flow (immuno)assays using a literature survey and a SWOT analysis (acronym for "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats"). Articles referred to in this survey were searched for on MEDLINE, Scopus and in references of reviewed papers. Search terms included "immunochromatography", "sol particle immunoassay", "lateral flow immunoassay" and "dipstick assay". National Center for Biotechnology Information,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18696055?dopt=Abstract

The ability to accurately determine the potential for an organic chemical to degrade and the rate at which degradation will occur in environmental compartments where it is released and ultimately resides is critical in evaluating its environmental persistence. Moreover, this understanding is essential for accurately estimating environmental exposure when conducting an environmental risk assessment. Historically, ready and inherent biodegradation tests have been the principle regulatory tools utilised for assessing degradability. However, these tests are ineffective for chemicals that are difficult to test due to their physico-chemical properties, are not used as growth substrates by microorganisms or whose degraders are rare in standard test inocula. While some of these limitations are remedied in simulation tests, these tests come with their own unique issues. The presentation surveyed some of the challenges commonly encountered in accurately evaluating the degradation and persistence of organic chemicals. These include challenges that are not only scientific and methodological but also financial and practical. Methodological challenges include dosing difficult to handle substances and having sufficient analytical signal above background to quantitatively measure biodegradation at test concentrations, which are not inhibitory to the microbes or at which mass transfer is not a limitation. Scientific challenges include having an inoculum that is of sufficient size and diversity that rare degraders are present and in the case of substances that are co-metabolised rather than used as a growth substrate having a metabolically active microbial community available in the test. The former is complicated by regulatory restrictions on using pre-adapted inocula, which is particularly a problem for chemicals that are new to the world. A consistent scientific challenge relates to having a ratio of test chemical to microbial biomass that is reflective of actual exposure and in situ conditions in the environment. The use of simulation tests come with their own specific challenges, many of which are of a practical nature. These include not only the cost but the difficulty of obtaining high quality and well characterised radiolabelled test materials with the consolidation and contraction that has occurred in the industry during the past few years. Others relate to the complexity of such tests, the difficulty of successfully executing them, uncertainty about the results themselves and even their regulatory acceptance. This latter uncertainty includes whether the results from scientifically sound but non-prescribed tests (e.g. OECD 314) will even be considered by regulatory agencies, potential variability in how individual regulators or agencies will weigh and interpret such tests and how they will consider bound residues in the ultimate assessment. Unfortunately, such uncertainty can translate into reluctance by business managers to proactively fund testing and research that could lead to more definitive understanding on the fate of many chemicals in the environment. The hope is that by identifying the challenges, whether scientific or practical, and the dilemmas that they pose, this workshop can catalyse the development of improved approaches that will ultimately advance our understanding of chemical fate and result in better environmental protection.

https://www.ecetoc.org/workshop-report-24/appendix-b-presentations/introduction-and-stakeholder-perspectives-of-persistence-2/challenges-with-assessing-degradation-and-persistence/

Rating: 0.0/5 (Total votes: 0) SQL DB Validator performs database and data cube verification and validation testing. Tests the content of a database extract against its original data store using the specific SQL syntax for each of the data sources. The program works with MS SQL, mySQL, DB2, Oracle, Teradata, MS-Access, Excel. Version 1.2 may include unspecified updates, enhancements, or bug fixes. Requirements: Windows NT/2000/XP Limitations:

http://www.windowspedia.net/database-software-tag/sql-db-validator-download-211786.html

How is a Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed? After discussing your symptoms and medical history, your doctor will examine your back. This will include looking at your back and pushing on different areas to see if it hurts. Your doctor may have you bend forward, backward, and side-to-side to look for limitations or pain. Spinal Stenosis Imaging Tests Other tests which may help your doctor confirm your diagnosis include: X-rays. Although they only visualize bones, X-rays can help determine if you have spinal stenosis. X-rays will show aging changes, like loss of disc height or bone spurs. X-rays taken while you lean forward and backward can show "instability" in your joints. X-rays can also show too much mobility. This is called spondylolisthesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study can create better images of soft tissues, such as muscles, discs, nerves, and the spinal cord. Additional tests. Computed tomography (CT) scans can create cross-section images of your spine. Your doctor may also order a myelogram. In this procedure, dye is injected into the spine to make the nerves show up more clearly. It can help your doctor determine whether the nerves are being compressed.

https://www.bmc.org/orthopedic-surgery/conditions-we-treat/lumbar-spinal-stenosis/diagnosis

ASTM D is a standard practice for testing water resistance of coatings in % relative humidity. Micom Laboratory performs the ASTM D test. 13 Aug This standard is issued under the fixed designation D ; the 1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and. ASTM D Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in Percent Relative Humidity 24 CFR , Subpart S American Society for Testing. Some tests are astm d2247 aetm a pass or fail determination at an arbitrary time. It does not specify specimen preparation, or evaluation of results. Other tests may also deposit water droplets on the surface but where the source is not from condensation. Link to Active This link will always astm d2247 to the current Active version of the standard. Corrosion tests can be conducted, as the condensate dripping off the astm d2247 articles in not recirculated. Other tests are used to monitor degree of failure as a function of exposure time. This practice differs from other methods where condensation is only formed astm d2247 the front coating surface, but the back surface is outside the exposure area. This makes this practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D objects. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a period of time. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Atsm the warmer saturated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto the astm d2247 in the astm d2247 of condensation. As the warmer saturated air astm d2247 the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto the specimens in astm d2247 form of condensation. Referenced Documents purchase separately The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. Other tests may also deposit water droplets on the surface but where the source is not from condensation for example, water spray. s2247 Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices DDand Astm d2247 Another option is to continue the test astm d2247 all specimens have failed, and use the time to reach failure as a way to differentiate performance. 2d247 of this practice alone astm d2247 use the known performance of the controls to set test end points. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Active view current version of standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Referenced Documents purchase separately The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of astm d2247 standard. Active view current version d2427 standard Translated Standard: Note 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices DDand Asym Historical Version s – astm d2247 previous versions of standard. It does not specify specimen preparation, or evaluation of results. This makes this practice suitable for flat panels as astm d2247 as large or 3D objects. This practice is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems. Astm d2247 practice differs from other methods where condensation is only formed on the front coating surface, while the back surface is outside the exposure area. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations astm d2247 to use.

http://dedicatedhosting.pro/astm-d2247-46/

Tools for converting Evernote content to SQLite. See Building an Evernote to SQLite exporter for background on this project. Installation Install this tool using pip: $ pip install evernote-to-sqlite Usage Currently the only available command is evernote-to-sqlite enex, which converts Evernote's ENEX export files into a SQLite database. You can create an ENEX export in the Evernote desktop application by selecting some notes (or all of your notes) and using the File -> Export Notes... menu option. You can convert that file to SQLite like so: $ evernote-to-sqlite enex evernote.db MyNotes.enex This will display a progress bar and create a SQLite database file called evernote.db. Limitations Unfortunately the ENEX export format does not include a unique identifier for each note. This means you cannot use this tool to re-import notes after they have been updated - you should consider this tool to be a one-time transformation of an ENEX file into an equivalent SQLite database. ENEX exports also do not include details of which notebook a note belongs to. Development To contribute to this tool, first checkout the code. Then create a new virtual environment: cd evernote-to-sqlite python -mvenv venv source venv/bin/activate Or if you are using pipenv: pipenv shell Now install the dependencies and tests: pip install -e '.[test]' To run the tests:

https://datasette.io/tools/evernote-to-sqlite

NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) – The National Institutes of Health wants to hear what the public thinks about its planned Genetic Testing Registry (GTR), which will be a resource of information for healthcare providers and patients to learn about tests and labs, and for researchers and regulators to watch the genetic testing industry. NIH has opened a 30-day comment period on its GTR project, which will serve as a repository of information about genetic tests submitted by researchers, test developers, and manufacturers. The GTR will include information about how the tests are used, about their validity and utility, and about how they are accessed. The database, which is expected to be running in 2011, will be overseen by the NIH's Office of the Director, and it will be developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. "The registry will help consumers and health care providers determine the best options for genetic testing, which is becoming more and more common and accessible," NIH Director Francis Collins said in a statement when the program was first unveiled in March 2010. NIH wants to receive input on the resource from a range of stakeholders including patients, test developers, test kit makers, health care providers, and researchers on the best methods for collecting and displaying information about genetic tests. In line with recommendations from the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society, NIH in particular wants the registry to include information on the validity and utility of genetic tests. Researchers, consumers, and providers will need information about the molecular basis of these tests, such as information about what the test specifically detects and what methods it uses, according to NIH. In a request for information released on May 28, NIH outlined a number of specific areas on which it is seeking input and advice. For example, what are the potential uses for the GTR for different groups, such as researchers, payers, policy-makers, and patients? And are there any particular risks or benefits to gathering and sharing information about the availability, the scientific basis and validity, and the utility of genetic tests? NIH also wants to know what types of data are most important to include in the site, such as data for use by researchers, consumers, health care providers, genetic testing entities, and those working with electronic health records. In addition, NIH would like input on what processes are important to consider to make data submission easier, and which potential benefits and risks would be most likely to affect whether researchers, developers, and manufacturers submit their data to the GTR. The effort aims to learn what information should be provided about genetic tests, such as knowledge pertaining to regulatory clearances; recommended patient populations; the test's limitations; the test's methodology; what analytes the tests measure; and how the performance of the test, such as its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and other factors, are measured.

https://www.genomeweb.com/dxpgx/nih-seeks-comments-genetic-testing-registry

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may present with heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, chronic cough, laryngitis, or even asthma. The clinical presentation of GERD is therefore varied and poses certain challenges to the physician, especially given the limitations of the diagnostic testing. Discussion The evaluation of patients with suspected GERD might be challenging. It is based on the evaluation of clinical features, objective evidence of reflux on diagnostic testing, correlation of symptoms with episodes of reflux, evaluation of anatomical abnormalities, and excluding other causes that might account for the presence of the patient’s symptoms. Conclusions The diagnostic evaluation should include multiple tests, in addition to a thorough clinical examination.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00268-017-3953-3

Please fix the things below as well as add discussion and abstract to paper. Participant section looks good. Include the age range here. Think about adding a material section. Procedures look good. You do not need to include the raw data in your paper. It is typically in an appendix if included at all. However, you are welcome to leave it in since you already included it. Good start to your results. In addition to the charts, write out your results. You can keep it to 2 decimal places. How did you decide to use an ANOVA?Why not 3 unpaired t tests, one for each task comparing males and females? Isn’t your hypothesis looking at gender differences? It seems like your results focus on differences between tasks? You have a lot in here. Make sure that every point that you include is important for your hypothesis. Good start on the discussion. Elaborate on why your results are important. Include a paragraph on study limitations and ideas for future research.

https://purchasemyessay.com/for-sir-excellence-3/

The Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessments in Real Time (AVATAR), developed at the University of Arizona’s National Center for Border Security and Immigration (BORDERS), has been undergoing tests with the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA). Prior to the recent tests with CBSA, AVATAR had been tested at a U.S.-Mexico SENTRI lane in Nogales, Arizona in 2011 and in 2012. What is AVATAR? AVATAR is a kiosk-like system designed and spearheaded by the BORDERS project group led by then Ph.D. Student, Aaron Elkins. The system was developed to automate credibility assessment interviews by Customs Authorities at Ports of Entry, such as is done in visa processing or asylum requests, as well as personnel screening. The creators of AVATAR say that by utilizing artificial intelligence and non-invasive sensor technologies, the tool is able to flag suspicious or anomalous behavior for further investigation by trained human agents. The system makes this determination by sifting through mountains of data, which includes: voice, eye, facial, and posture. The data is collected from cameras and other non-invasive sensors which are integrated into the kiosk. The designers of the system believe that, by automating interviews, document/biometric collection, and screening tasks, the tool could enhance DHS and CBP operations by freeing up personnel for other mission-critical tasks. CBP Field Tests From 2011 to 2012, BORDERS conducted two proof-of-concept field tests of the AVATAR system at Nogales, Arizona. The pilot studies were funded by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T). BORDERS met with several CBP officials to approve their test of the tool at a U.S. Port of entry with the end goal of receiving data to enhance the system’s operational efficiency. Specifically, BORDERS wanted to test the system at a trusted traveler application processing center and determine what tools or improvements were needed to move the AVATAR system beyond the proof-of-concept stage. CBP officials authorized the deployment of the system at the Nogales Enrollment Center at the DeConcini Port of entry. The team was provided six weeks to integrate the kiosk with existing CBP processes and collect data. These tests would be the first tests where the system was utilized in a real-world situation. Throughout the tests, a CBP Officer was present to monitor the avatar-administered interviews. The interviews consisted of 20 questions, which were conducted and recorded by the kiosk. The attending officers would see the results of this interview on a tablet which connected with the AVATAR system. Officers are provided a color-coded record of the interaction with normal responses coded as green and anomalous or suspicious behaviors coded as red. Throughout the course of the pilot, the system conducted over 250 interviews. The team collected valuable data on the systems limitations for further improvement. These limitations include the system’s ability to analyze speech from interviewees speaking before the AVATAR completed its question, as well as concerns regarding ambient noise. The initial pilot at Nogales gave the researchers a lot of data that they have since incorporated into the updates for the AVATAR system, including better understanding of additional languages (primarily Spanish), and faster response recording. Since the pilot, the system’s deception detection rate is estimated to have an accuracy between 60% to 75% on average, which is better than the human rate of 54% to 60%. Aaron Elkins has also moved the project from the University of Arizona to the San Diego State University, where he accepted a position as an Assistant Professor in 2016. He is currently developing a new lab for further research and development of the AVATAR tool at the University.

https://ct-strategies.com/2018/06/01/avatar-technology-utilizes-artificial-intelligence-to-interview-border-crossers/

- Author the page so that when the source code is read line-by-line by user agents it remains intelligible. Website accessibility is also changing as it is impacted by Content Management Systems that allow changes to be made to web pages without the need of obtaining programming language knowledge. It is very important that several different components of Web development and interaction can work together in order for the Web to be accessible to people with disabilities. These components include: - content – the information in a Web page or Web application, including: - natural information such as text, images, and sounds - code or markup that defines structure, presentation, etc. - Web browsers, media players, and other “user agents” - assistive technology, in some cases – screen readers, alternative keyboards, switches, scanning software, etc. - users’ knowledge, experiences, and in some cases, adaptive strategies using the Web - developers – designers, coders, authors, etc., including developers with disabilities and users who contribute content - authoring tools – software that creates Web sites - evaluation tools – Web accessibility evaluation tools, HTML validators, CSS validators, etc. Defining the audience is a key step in website planning. Upon considering will use the content, a list of characteristics common to the users such as: - Audience Characteristics - Information Preferences - Computer Specifications - Web Experience Taking into account the characteristics of the audience will allow an effective website to be created that will deliver the desired content to the target audience.

http://www.creativedevelopment.com.au/business-growth/web-design-sydney/accessible-web-design/

Assistive technology (AT) is any device or program that helps an individual do what they cannot on their own. This could be as sophisticated as a text-to-speech app or as simple as a pencil grip. Maryland Assistive Technology Network (MATN) connects educators, families, and leaders interested in the effective use of assistive, accessible and everyday technology to benefit of diverse learners and individuals with a variety of needs. This vibrant network strives to help support individual’s learning and independence through the exchange of ideas, questions and recommendations from educators, families, researchers, leaders and policy makers around technology tools, services, and processes. MATN is a service of the Johns Hopkins University, Center for Technology in Education (JHU CTE). MATN membership is free and open to all. To discover what MATN has to offer, explore some of its many tools, information, and opportunities below or on the MATN website. Developed by the JHU CTE, the JHU AT Cycle includes a five-step AT Consideration Process leads IEP teams systematically through considering assistive technology for students with disabilities. The mATch up Tool provides information on low-, mid-, and high-tech devices for meeting the unique needs of students. The tool was designed with a variety of users in mind, including teachers, parents, administrators, and in some cases, students themselves. MATN offers a variety of trainings, institutes, and webinars throughout the year on current trends in assistive and accessible technology. Through these events, educators, families, and educational leaders come together to learn about the latest information and advancements in technology aimed at supporting learners and individuals with diverse needs. Explore our resources below and join our Community Group to discuss MATN institutes, webinars, and other topics with colleagues and families.

https://marylandlearninglinks.org/collections/assistive-technology-maryland-matn/

With the explosion of technology, the world is becoming more accessible to all. Yet how many educators and employers know how to address accessibility issues in the classroom and in the boardroom? How can colleges and universities provide a variety of accessible formats of materials to students who are more auditory learners (includes blind, low vision), visual learners (includes Deaf, Deafblind), those students who prefer physical hands-on experiences (includes braille), non-verbal (includes the minimal use of spoken language, the socially quiet, and sign language users), non-vocal (includes the inability to utter words with the voice, nervousness in social settings, and possibly the Deaf, and the Deaf-blind), and how can mobility or immobility affect learning (also includes the aging). This presentation will focus on inclusive learning in the academic and nonprofit environment, and on assistive technology. Five key areas will be addressed using a sharing, listening, and learning approach: 1) Learning environment in development 2) Environmental considerations (visual and auditory considerations and tips) 3) Adaptive software (screen reading programs, screen magnification programs, etc.) 4) Hardware (scanners, Smart everything technology, and ergonomic devices) 5) A sense of community at the group, institutional, and broader support levels. As a result of this presentation, participants will have an awareness of how assistive technology and other devices can be used to help meet the learning needs of individuals based on their learning preferences that may exist because of a disability, and how to address them.

https://15ntc.sched.com/event/1z3a/accessibility-awareness-for-nonprofits-15ntcacessibilty

I Feel Shy Shyness is a common reaction when being exposed to unfamiliar situations or new people. When you are shy, you may have feelings of apprehension or awkwardness when you are around others, and will often find it uncomfortable when you need to talk to people. This can lessen, though, as you become more familiar with your surroundings and peers. When shyness becomes debilitating, and impacts heavily on your life and life choices, you may be suffering from a form of anxiety known as social anxiety, or social phobia. If you find it very difficult to be involved in social situations, or situations where you will be around other people, reading this information on social phobia may help. On this page you can learn about: What is Social Phobia? Social phobia is the fear of being the centre of attention, being evaluated negatively, or showing physical signs of anxiety in social situations. This usually leads to avoidance of certain situations, such as social gatherings and job interviews, or eating, speaking, and writing in front of others. The key feature of social phobia is the fear of being scrutinised and being evaluated negatively by other people. A person with social phobia worries that they may do something embarrassing, or act in a way that may be humiliating (which includes showing signs of anxiety). The fear may be circumscribed to particular situations (e.g., public speaking) or may be generalized to most social situations. Social phobia is often not recognised because these people are very uncomfortable in a clinic waiting room and do not like to talk about their fears. Clinicians often fail to make the diagnosis either because they confuse social phobia with normal shyness, or judge the secondary depression or substance dependence to be the primary disorder. The fear of negative evaluation in specific social situations usually results in avoidance of those particular situations. A more generalized social phobia may lead to almost complete social isolation. Entering the feared situation usually creates an immediate anxiety response with fight-or-flight response symptoms, which may include blushing, shaking, heart palpitations, sweating, nausea, and the urge to go to the toilet. People with social phobia consider these symptoms to be particularly embarrassing. Common behaviours, as a result, include avoiding social situations, leaving social situations, not initiating conversations, or avoiding eye contact. Social phobia is one of the most common mood and anxiety disorders, with 13% of individuals developing the disorder throughout their lifetime (lifetime morbid risk), and 7.4% of individuals are diagnosed with the disorder in a given year. Men develop this disorder as frequently as women, and social phobia tends to be a chronic disorder that may fluctuate in levels of severity and impairment over time. Social phobia, when chronic, overlaps with avoidant personality disorder. If a person has had generalised social phobia for most of their life, they may think that others see them as too quiet, or boring. They may avoid meeting other people, and not want to risk telling others much about themselves, in case they are rejected. If a person has these sorts of fears, they may have a more severe social phobia called avoidant personality disorder. About one-third of people seen for treatment of social phobia have avoidant personality disorder. If they have this more severe social phobia, it is very likely that they will also have experienced episodes of depression. Coping with severe social anxiety for most of their life will badly affect a person’s self-esteem. They may also have become quite socially isolated. If a person has spent many years avoiding social situations or certain people because of fears about what others think, they need to be aware that it is likely to take longer to improve with treatment. Complications Depression A large number of people with social phobia also suffer depression, a disorder characterised by persistent low mood, loss of pleasure, hopelessness about the future, feelings of worthlessness, and a number of physical symptoms, including sleep and appetite disturbance. Sometimes people also experience thoughts of suicide. If you have been having suicidal thoughts, or if you have been experiencing a number of these other symptoms, you may be clinically depressed and you must see a doctor. Alcohol Problems People with social phobia often rely on alcohol to cope in social situations. Unfortunately, alcohol use can become a problem in itself. Alcohol abuse is one of the main additional problems for people with social phobia. You may need to talk to a health professional about your alcohol use. Benzodiazepine Dependence Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, have been prescribed for social phobia and other anxiety disorders. They are not the treatment of choice, however, as they are highly addictive, so withdrawal symptoms are experienced when the drug is stopped. In addition, people rapidly develop tolerance to the drug, so that greater doses are required to achieve the same effect. What are the Signs of Social Phobia? Physical Symptoms There are a number of typical physical symptoms experienced by people with social phobia. These include: Behavioural Symptoms: As a result of their fears, a person with social phobia may do a number of things to try to prevent the negative evaluation from happening. These may include: What Causes Social Phobia? We all have the fight or flight response that is designed to protect us from harm. When the fight or flight response is activated, adrenaline is released, which produces a number of physical sensations, including rapid heart rate and breathing, sweating, shaking, tense muscles, and butterflies in the stomach. An urge to flee the situation is often experienced. This fight or flight response occurs whenever we judge a situation to be threatening. In social phobia this threat is a psychological one, as the fear is about not being respected, approved of, or liked. Whilst we all desire to be liked by other people, in social phobia this need for approval is exaggerated and the detection of threat, too sensitive. Thinking negatively about situations after an event also triggers further anxious feelings and tends to reinforce how badly you thought you performed. Negative thinking plays a major role in maintaining your anxiety response in these situations. Regarding possible causes of social phobia, research suggests that both genetic and environmental factors are relevant. There are multiple origins of social phobia. In order to treat your social phobia, rather than focusing on why you have the problem, it is more useful to look at what is maintaining the problem. Main Fears: If you have social phobia, you usually worry that others will notice your anxiety because of your blushing, sweating, shaking, or difficulty getting your words out, for example. Other fears triggered by social situations include: Feared Situations: Some typical social situations feared by people with social phobia include: How to Deal with Social Phobia Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for social phobia. It involves changing the way you think, feel and behave in social situations. CBT is offered either face to face, or through internet CBT providers, such as our shyness course. A course of CBT should include: 1. Ongoing assessment of a person’s levels of anxiety in relation to their social phobia. 2. Education about anxiety, tailored to each individual’s needs. For more information about anxiety, please see the anxiety fact sheet 3. Training in strategies, such as mindfulness, to manage anxiety symptoms, and encouragement in practicing these techniques regularly. 4. Behavioral interventions • CBT should focus on graded exposure to feared situations. For example, if a person is fearful of eating in front of others and would like to be able to eat a meal in a local cafe, the following hierarchy could be adapted according to how difficult they find each step. 1) Have a soft drink at the cafe early in the morning when there are not many people around. 2) Have a soft drink at lunchtime when the cafe is busy. 3) Have a cup of tea and a sandwich early in the morning. 4) Have a cup of tea and a sandwich at lunchtime. 5) Have a full meal (using cutlery) and stay for twenty minutes even if you do not eat the whole meal. 6) Have a full meal (using cutlery) and stay until you’ve eaten the whole meal. • the steps can be adapted to include the presence or absence of friends, or to accommodate slightly different goals or problems (e.g., to be able to sign a form, or use a telephone, while people are watching). The last step on the hierarchy represents the situation or activity the individual fears most. • CBT may also include “social mishap” exposure, with people putting themselves in situations where they embarrass themselves in public. During these exposures, people with social phobia are able to confront very uncomfortable situations, thereby increasing the power of the exposure, and challenge common thoughts (i.e., “What’s the worst that could happen?”). • People with social phobia should also be encouraged to identify and let go of safety behaviors. These behaviours include avoiding other peoples’ eyes, sitting alone in a corner, mumbling or speaking very softly, and pre-planning all social encounters. People with social phobia often rely on these safety behaviors, and believe that they cannot cope without them. 6. Cognitive interventions • CBT helps people with social phobia to identify and challenge their fears. A person should monitor their thoughts, and label their thinking distortions during specific situations throughout the day. 7. Shifting attention: Once a person has identified and challenged their maladaptive thoughts, they should be encouraged to focus on the present, and to think realistically about the present situation rather than feared future outcomes. Mindfulness-based interventions can also help individuals practice remaining present-focused. Some people with social phobia may need to learn basic conversational and interpersonal skills and practice these in minimally aversive social situations. A person with any kind of anxiety should avoid the use of alcohol or sedative medication to control their anxiety, as this can often lead to complications with dependency. Referral or specialist consultation will be necessary if social anxiety or avoidance persists despite the above measures. Medication Benzodiazepines E.g. oxazepam, diazepam, alprazolam Benzodiazepines are not a useful treatment for anxiety disorders in the long-term, because of rapid physical tolerance and dependence. They provide only symptomatic relief. They do not deal with the negative thoughts driving social phobia. Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) E.g. fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram These drugs are commonly prescribed for social phobia, and can be particularly useful if the person with social phobia is also depressed. They are as powerful as CBT, and can be used in combination with CBT. Coping with Symptoms of Social Phobia Slow Breathing Your breathing rate increases automatically as part of the fight or flight response. Learning to slow down your breathing rate when you are anxious can settle some of the other anxious sensations, as well as help you to focus your mind. 1. First, time your breaths for one minute (1 breath in and out equals one). 2. Then sit down comfortably in front of a clock or a watch with a second hand and start to focus your mind on your breathing. 3. Breathe only through your nose. 4. Try to breathe using your lower stomach/ diaphragm, rather than your chest muscles. Relax your stomach as much as possible. 5. Take a regular breath in for 3 seconds and then breathe out for 3 seconds. Each time you breathe out, think to yourself the word “relax” and let a little more tension go from your muscles – let your shoulders drop, and relax your face. 6. Continue breathing in this 6-second cycle for 5 minutes. 7. At the end of this, count your breaths again for one minute. Write this down. 8. The average person takes 10 to 12 breaths per minute at rest. Your breathing rate may be higher than it should be. Some people with social phobia over-breathe constantly, while other people find that their breathing rate only goes up when they are anxious. In both cases slow breathing can help. 9. To begin, you will need to practice when already relaxed. Then you can gradually practice in anxious situations. Like learning any new skill, slow breathing takes time and regular practice. You should practice this at least 4 times a day. Take our online Social Phobia course THIS WAY UP offers a highly effective internet delivered course for people with social anxiety disorder, or social phobia. Four out of five people improve, over half to the point of no longer being troubled by social anxiety. The course can be undertaken on the prescription of a GP or on a self-help basis, and costs just AUD$59 for 90 days access.

https://thiswayup.org.au/how-do-you-feel/shy/

Rewrite the DE: u''(x)-u(x)=-910x. The characteristic equation is found by solving r²-1=0. (r represents u''). So r=±1, giving us u₁=Ae⁻ˣ+Beˣ, where A and B will be found later from the initial conditions. The particular equation we can guess has the form u₂=ax+b, where we can work out constants a and b: u₂'=a and u₂''=0, so the DE becomes: 0-ax-b=-910x, from which b=0 and a=910, making u₂=910x. The complete solution is u₁+u₂=u=Ae⁻ˣ+Beˣ+910x. But u(0)=0=A+B, so B=-A. u(1)=A/e-Ae+910=0, A-Ae²+910e=0. From this A=910e/(e²-1)=387.1677 approx. Therefore u=387.1677e⁻ˣ-387.1677eˣ+910x. In the graph below you only need the “hump” between x=0 and x=1. This will be the region divided into segments of equal length. Another way if writing this is: u(x)=910x-(910e/(e²-1))sinh(x). [sinh(x)=½(eˣ-e⁻ˣ)] Now, using the finite element method, we get: d²u/dx²-u=-910x. Divide (0,1) into n equal segments, so each segment has length=1/n. Call this length ∆x. The division gives rise to nodes numbered 1 to n+1. If n=3, so ∆x=⅓ and 1≤i≤4, where i is the node number. The value of x at each node is xᵢ₋₁ and the corresponding u value is uᵢ₋₁. This means that the first node is at x=0 and the sixth node is at x=1. x₀=0, x₁=⅓, x₂=⅔, x₃=1. Now consider the series: (x₀,u₀), (x₁,u₁), (x₂,u₂), (x₃,u₃). Since xᵢ₊₁-xᵢ=∆x, the first differences (differential or derivative) are: (u₁-u₀)/∆x, (u₂-u₁)/∆x, (u₃-u₂)/∆x. The second differences are: (u₂-u₁-u₁+u₀)/(∆x)²=(u₂-2u₁+u₀)/(∆x)², (u₃-2u₂+u₁)/(∆x)². From which we can make the approximation: d²u/dx²≈(uᵢ₊₁-2uᵢ+uᵢ₋₁)/(∆x)². The boundary conditions are u₀=0 and u₅=0 (because u(0)=u(1)=0). The DE can now be written: (uᵢ₊₁-2uᵢ+uᵢ₋₁)/(∆x)²-uᵢ=-910xᵢ, or 9uᵢ₊₁-19uᵢ+9uᵢ₋₁=-910xᵢ, since (∆x)²=1/9. Therefore, we arrive at a system of 2 equations: 9u₂-19u₁=-910/3, so u₂=(19u₁-910/3)/9; -19u₂+9u₁=-1820/3, so -19(19u₁-910/3)/9+9u₁=-1820/3, -361u₁/9+17290/27+9u₁=-1820/3. Multiplying through by 27: -1083u₁+17290+243u₁=-16380, -840u₁+33670=0, u₁=33670/840=481/12=40.083. u₂=611/12=50.917. So the points to plot are A(⅓,481/12) and B(⅔,611/12). These compare with u(⅓)=40.415 and u(⅔)=51.345.

https://www.mathhomeworkanswers.org/282106/finite-element-method

Publication Type: |Journal Article| | | Year of Publication: |2010| | | Authors: |Anastasia Holobinko, George H. Waring| | | Publication/Journal: |Zoo Biology| | | Publisher: |A Wiley Company, Inc., Wiley Subscription Services| | | Keywords: |aggression, conflict and reconciliation, consolation, dolphins, social behavior| | | ISBN: |1098-2361| Abstract: Abstract Wild bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations display societal structures characterized by numerous and frequent changes in group composition, complex social relationships, and high levels of cooperation, attributes also observed in human and nonhuman primate cultures. Maintaining social relationships under such elemental conditions can frequently create conflict—and the opportunity for reconciliation—among group members. The conflict and reconciliation behavior patterns of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) have been studied extensively; trends are well-documented in the wild and in captivity. Apparent cultural similarities have prompted several analogous studies on wild and captive bottlenose dolphins. This research attempted to corroborate previous efforts by analyzing the social behavior of seven captive bottlenose dolphins to determine the effects of sex and age on the frequency of conflict and reconciliation, and to investigate the incidence of consolatory behavior within the group. A total of 3,428 interactions involving focal animals, 414 of which were conflict episodes, were documented during 261 hr of videotaped observations. Although the sample size precluded meaningful statistical evaluation of the influence of sex on conflict and reconciliation, participant age was a significant determinant of conflict frequency. Conversely, age did not impact frequency of reconciliation, which only occurred after 18% of all conflict interactions. Little to no definitive evidence of consolation was apparent within the study group. While results partially support the findings of previous dolphin reconciliation research, extensive behavioral studies of wild populations should be conducted before generating broad comparisons between human terms and nonhuman behavioral interactions. Zoo Biol 29:567–585, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

https://czaw.org/resources/conflict-and-reconciliation-behavior-trends-of-the-bottlenose-dolphin-tursiops-truncatus/

At the beginning of this chapter, the instructors will discuss the characteristics, development, and maintenance of successful relationships and the characteristics of unhealthy relationships. Later on in the chapter, the instructors will talk about the elements of trust, conflict resolution, and love relationships. When you finish the chapter, you should also: - Understand co-dependence, enabling, positive reinforcement, and more - Be familiar with social etiquette and norms - Have improved communication skills - Understand how to respond to unsafe situations We use short and inviting video lessons to facilitate the learning process for both students and teachers. Each presentation is taught by an experienced and knowledgeable professional and is accompanied by a lesson transcript. Additional features include online self-assessment quizzes and video tags that allow you to revisit the major points of the presentation. 1. Successful Relationships: Characteristics, Development & Maintenance Be it work, friends, or family, making a relationship work is hard. Creating a solid relationship isn't much easier. This lesson will point out the characteristics of solid relationships and some advice for developing and maintaining them. 2. Characteristics of Unhealthy Relationships Our lives are shaped by our relationships. We interact with so many people, and it's important that these interactions are positive and healthy. In this lesson you'll learn how to spot an unhealthy relationship, no matter what type of relationship it is. 3. The Elements of Trust & Their Significance to Relationships Do you trust someone with your life? Do you trust that same person with your bank account number? Trust is a difficult word to define as you will learn in this lesson. That's because it involves a lot of key elements that share a very intricate relationship. 4. Love Relationships: Their Characteristics & How They Develop Here we look at the development of love. What does it mean to be in a loving relationship? What are the steps that occur in every individual in entering one? 5. Interpersonal Communication: Social Etiquette & Norms This lesson is going to define interpersonal communication and social etiquette. You'll go over the importance of social etiquette as well as the factors that may modify it. 6. Avoiding & Responding to Unsafe Situations & Behavior In this lesson we'll cover some common and unsafe situations that people of all ages can find themselves in. We'll review what to do in these situations and consider strategies for avoiding them altogether. We'll look at three examples: domestic abuse, sexual assault, and drugs and alcohol. 7. Relationship Conflict and Management: Definition & Resolution Strategies In this lesson, you will learn about relationship conflict in organizations and strategies for its resolution. You will also have an opportunity to take a short quiz after the lesson to reinforce your knowledge. 8. Types of Social Groups: Primary, Secondary and Reference Groups The study of social groups is a main focus of many sociologists. In this lesson, we define social groups and differentiate between several different types including primary, secondary, and reference groups. 9. What Are Group Dynamics? - Definition & Theory Learn about group dynamics and the theory behind understanding these processes. Learn about the factors that affect group dynamics with some real-life examples. 10. Passive-Aggressive vs Assertive Communication This lesson looks at the differences between the use of veiled aggression or non-assertive communication versus assertive communication. The types of communication and tips for correcting passive-aggressive communication are provided. 11. What is Peer Pressure? - Definition & Explanation In this lesson, you'll learn who your peers are and how they can pressure you into actions that you wouldn't normally do -- peer pressure. We'll cover types of peer pressure and who is most likely to experience it. 12. Improving Communication Skills: Self-Disclosure, Listening & Non-Verbal Communication Self-disclosure, listening, and nonverbal communication are three important conversation strategies people use. This lesson will discuss what they are, how they may be interpreted, and some tips for improving them. 13. Interactions in Relationships: Codependency vs. Positive Reinforcement Enabling and positive reinforcement are two terms used to describe how people can interact with one another in their relationships. One of these terms reinforces good behavior and the other reinforces bad behavior. Do you know which is which? Earning College Credit Did you know… We have over 200 college courses that prepare you to earn credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. You can test out of the first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. Anyone can earn credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page Transferring credit to the school of your choice Not sure what college you want to attend yet? Study.com has thousands of articles about every imaginable degree, area of study and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you.

https://study.com/academy/topic/health-healthy-relationships.html

Warning: more... Fetching bibliography... Generate a file for use with external citation management software. Despite the persistent use of the word "solitary" to describe nocturnal primate social behavior, increasing numbers of studies are revealing sophisticated levels of social interactions among nocturnal primates. This study explores the relationships among 11 adult Mysore slender lorises (Loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus) studied over 10(1/2) months in Tamil Nadu, India. When all observations regarding dependent offspring are excluded, the animals spent on average 38% of their activity in various forms of neutral, affiliative, and agonistic behaviors. Affiliative behaviors were the most common type of social interaction, and males in general were more social than females. Low values for Cole's index (CI) of association emphasize that females rarely interacted with same-sex conspecifics, but commonly interacted with males. In turn, males also formed strong affiliative relationships with other adult males. This index also indicates that levels of affiliation are strongest among animals that share sleeping sites. The Hinde index (HI) suggests that males control proximity to females more than the reverse. A female's tolerance of multiple males in her home range and at a sleeping site may be related to high spatial variability of food resources. Such resources may constrain females with costly reproductive strategies (up to two sets of twins per annum) to a small home range. With their larger home ranges, males may be able to monopolize females by initiating social interactions, and also provide a benefit to females by contributing to parental care. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. National Center for Biotechnology Information,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096424?dopt=Abstract

Major Schools of Management Thought The various approaches to the study of management as propounded by specialists from different disciplines have come to be called the Schools of Management Thought. Contents - The Major Schools of Management Theory are: - Schools of Management Thought: Top 8 Schools - 1. Management Process School or the Operational Approach - 2. The Empirical School or the Management by Customs School - 3. The Human Relations Approach (or) the Human Behavior School - 4. The Social Systems School - 5. Decision Theory School - 6. The Mathematical School - 7. The Systems Approach School - 8. The Contingency Approach School of Management The Major Schools of Management Theory are: 1. Management Process School 2. Empirical School 3. Human Behaviors or Human Relations School 4. Social School 5. Decisions Theory School 6. Mathematical or Quantitative Management School 7. Systems Management School 8. Contingency School Schools of Management Thought: Top 8 Schools 1. Management Process School or the Operational Approach This school regards management as a process of getting things done with people operating in organized groups. Henry Fayol is known as the father of this school. According to this, school management can best be studied in terms of the process that it involves. Those subscribing to this school are of the view that management principles are of universal application. This approach is also designated as the traditional approach, the universal approach, or the classical approach. The contributors and thinkers who belong to this school are William Newman, Summers, McFarland, Henry, J.D. Mooney, A.C. Railey, Lyndell Urwick, and Harold Koontz. 2. The Empirical School or the Management by Customs School This approach to management is taken by scholars who identify management as the study of experience, followed by efforts to learn from the experience and then transfer the knowledge to practitioners and students. Typically, this is done through a case study approach or through the study of decision-making. This school of thought believes that by analyzing the experience of successful managers or the mistakes of poor managers, we somehow can learn about applying the most effective management techniques. The main contributors of this approach are Earnest Dale, Mooney and Raliey, Urwick, and many other management practitioners and associations like the American Management Association. The main features of this approach are 1 . Management is the study of managerial experiences. 2. Managerial experiences con be passed over to the practitioners and students. 3. The techniques used in successful cases can be used by future managers for further references. 4. Theoretical research can be combined with practical experiences for better management. 3. The Human Relations Approach (or) the Human Behavior School This school takes note of the psychological factors causing a change in human behavior in organized groups under a given situation. It is based upon the fact that management involves getting things done through people and therefore management must be centered on interpersonal relations. This approach has been called the human relations, leadership, or behavioral science approach. Exponents of this school of thought seek to apply existing and newly developed theories, methods, and techniques of the relevant social science to the study of intra and interpersonal relations, which varies from personality dynamics to relations of cultures. This school stresses the people part of management and the understanding aspects. The motivation of the individual and adherents of this school is heavily oriented towards psychology and sociology. The range of thought tn this school ore (a) The study of human relations and how managers can understand and use these relations; (b) The role of manager as a leader and how he should lead others; (c) The study of group dynamics and interpersonal relationships. 4. The Social Systems School This school of thought is closely related to human behavior or the human relations school of thought. It looks upon management as a social system, which refers to a system of cultural inter relationships. These can be formal organizational relationships or any kind of human relationship. This approach to management being heavily sociological in nature does what the study of sociology does. It identifies the nature of the cultural relationships of various social groups and attempts to show them as an integrated system. The spiritual father of this school was the late Chester Barnard who developed the theory of co-operation. The focus of this school of thought is on the study of the organization as a cooperative or collaborative system. A social system is a unit or entity consisting of various social subsystems called groups. 5. Decision Theory School The decision theory approach concentrates on the rational decisions theory, which refers to the selection of a suitable course of action from various possible alternatives. This approach may deal with the decisions themselves, with the person or organizational group who makes the decision, or with an analysis of the decision process. By expanding the viewpoint well beyond the process of evaluating alternatives, many people use the theory to examine the nature of the organizational structure, the psychological and social reactions of individuals and groups, and analysis of value considerations with respect to goals, communication networks, and incentives. The scientific approach to decision making involves some of the following factors: 1. Defining the problem 2. Collecting all relevant information 3. Developing alternatives 4. Examining all the alternatives and the solutions 5. Testing the solutions, (if you can make this possible) 6. Selecting a course of action 7. Implementing the action. 8. Evaluating the results of the action 6. The Mathematical School In this group, we have those theorists who see management as a system of mathematical models and processes. According to the approach of the Mathematical school, decision-making is a logical process that can be expressed in terms of mathematical symbols and relationships. This approach forces the analyst to define a problem and allows for the insertion of symbols through a logical methodology which provides a powerful tool for solving complex phenomena. Modern managers may normally face some of the following problems: 1. Increase in the size and complexity of organizational structures 2. Increase in paperwork, which stifles the ability to produce 4. The need for instantaneous management response in the decision-making areas, which requires an up-to date, accurate and comprehensive information 5. Increase in demands on management with fewer budgets 6. Increase in the number of people to be dealt with by government and business structures 7. The Systems Approach School This school is of recent origin having developed in the later 1960s. It is an integrated approach, which considers management in its totality based on empirical data. According to this approach, attention must be paid to the overall effectiveness of a subsystem in isolation from the other subsystems. The main emphasis is on the interdependence and inter-relatedness of the various subsystems, from the point of view of the effectiveness of a large system. Its essential features are as follows: - A system has a number of subsystems, parts, and subparts. - All the subsystems, parts, and subparts are mutually related to each other. A change in one part will affect the changes in other parts. - The systems approach emphasizes the study of the various parts in their interrelationships rather than in isolation from each other. - The systems approach to management brings out the complexity of a real-life management problem much more sharply than any of the other approaches. - It can be utilized by any other school of management thought. The boundary of a system may be classified into two parts: 1. Closed system that has no environment. This part implies that no outside systems are to be considered. 2. Open system that has an environment. This part implies that it possesses systems with which it relates, exchanges, and communicates. 8. The Contingency Approach School of Management The contingency approach to management emphasizes the fact that management is a highly practice-oriented and action-packed discipline. Managerial decisions and actions initiatives are known to be matters of pragmatism and not of principles. The environment of organizations and managers is very complex, uncertain, ever-changing, and diverse. It is the basic function of managers to analyze and understand the environments in which they function before adopting their techniques, processes, and practices. The choice of approaches and also their effectiveness is contingent on the behavior and dynamics of situational variables. But, there is no one universally valid best way of doing things. Management theory and principles tend to be deterministic, while the pace, pattern and behavior of events defy the deterministic or dogmatic approaches. What is valid and good in a particular situation need not be the same in some other situation. References:

https://www.managementstudyhq.com/schools-of-management-thought.html

Social Science Examples The social sciences are all those branches of science that are totally focused on the activities and behavior of the human being. From the scientific point of view, an analysis and investigation of human groups and the way in which they interact around various tangible or intangible issues and that affects them as a community is made . One of the primary objectives of this type of science is to determine the social laws that govern the different institutions and organizations made up of a group of people based on both personal and collective behavior. The social sciences involve the investigation of topics related to reasoning and discussion based on foundations , if we take this into account then we must know that there is still some debate regarding which are those branches of the social sciences and that they can be considered such sciences. which or what characteristics are needed to be considered this way. The social sciences are classified into three: - Social interaction: they focus on human relationships within communities , - Man’s cognitive system: they are in charge of analyzing the ways in which people communicate, their learning and training methods, in some countries considered as humanistic sciences, finally there are those of - Evolution of societies: they are responsible for studying behavioral patterns and trends throughout history. Social Science Examples - Anthropology. - Right. - Economy. - Sociology. - Pedagogy. - Psychology. - Criminology. - Sociology.

https://whatexamples.com/social-science-examples/

— soil care and health must be part of the global climate change agenda The importance of soil health for climate change mitigation, resilience and agrifood system sustainability took centre stage during a debate among representatives from international organisations at the global Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), taking place in Glasgow, Scotland. Experts at the event underscored the need to include soil care in global discussions on how humanity should combat climate change, stressing that, as a matter of urgency, countries must translate scientific consensus into action. The Coalition of Action 4 Soil Health (CA4SH)—created in September during the UN Food Systems Summit—was introduced at the debate by Kelly Witkowski, Manager of the Climate Change and Natural Resources Programme of the Inter-American Institute for Co-operation on Agriculture (IICA). The Coalition is an amalgamation of multiple private and public sector actors for the purpose of improving soil health at the global level, by addressing critical implementation, monitoring, policies and public and private investment barriers that restrict farmers’ attempts to adopt healthy soil practices. Witkowski remarked that, “Eighty per cent of carbon is stored in our soils, which presents both a problem and an opportunity. We usually place more focus on trees, but we must give greater visibility to soils, which are the source of 25 per cent of biodiversity”. “We must work with farmers in the field to find out about the obstacles that they face, understand their needs and facilitate their training. The coalition is seeking to translate the advances made by science and research into action,” she added. Decorated scientist, Rattan Lal, who is considered to be the leading soil science authority, participated in the event by videoconference. Lal heads the Carbon Management and Sequestration Centre (CMASC) at the Ohio State University, which is spearheading the Living Soils of the Americas programme alongside IICA. The programme serves as a bridge between science, the public policy arena and development work on soil health restoration in the western hemisphere. Lal maintained that soil has been the source of life and prosperity for all civilisations throughout history and explained that soil health is a determining factor for at least seven of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that were adopted by UN Member States with a view to 2030. HEALTHY SOIL ESSENTIAL According to Lal, without healthy soils, we will not be able to ensure zero poverty (SDG 1), zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), climate action (SDG 13), and proper management of terrestrial ecosystems (SDG 15). Furthermore, he argued that, “Life essentially depends on soil health. Today, more than 40 per cent of the Earth’s surface is degraded and 840 million people are suffering from food insecurity. We must restore the health of our soils through healthy, carbon-negative agricultural practices”. Lal, who is an IICA Goodwill Ambassador, called for the establishment of a long-term agenda aimed at restoring the health of soils, with one of its key objectives being to empower small famers to adopt good agricultural practices. “We can achieve this. The time to act is now,” he concluded. Minister of Agriculture of Chile, María Emilia Undurraga, in a video message from Santiago, commented that soil health directly affects the well-being of societies. “A healthy agriculture sector will only be possible if we have living soils. Chile is promoting a new paradigm to tackle climate change, by generating actions and policies that facilitate sustainable production. We are committed to this path,” said Undurraga”. Manuel Otero, Director General of ICA, who participated in the event by videoconference from San Jose, Costa Rica, reaffirmed the institute’s commitment to the Coalition of Action 4 Soil Health, based on the conviction that it contributes to the quality of life, not only of rural communities, but also of urban populations. He explained that, “Through its joint programme with The Ohio State University, IICA is aiming to boost soil productivity and increase ecosystem services. We are already implementing a series of science-based actions in Chile, Mexico, Grenada, Colombia and Uruguay, relying on the participation of important private sector entities, such as Bayer, PepsiCo and Syngenta.” CLOSE CONNECTION He confirmed that IICA abides by the One Health concept and stressed the importance of raising awareness at the global level about the close connection between human well-being and proper ecosystem functioning. “Up until just a few years ago, our sole concern was how to improve productivity. This was our obsession, given the need to feed a growing world population. However, we have now understood that we must balance improved productivity with soil care and biodiversity,” said Juan Lucas Restrepo, Director-General of the Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). For Restrepo, the key is to improve research and innovation and to recognise that the problem is the collective responsibility of public and private actors. “We cannot”—he said— “ask farmers to shoulder all the responsibility for soil health; they need incentives and training.” On the other hand, Joao Campari, Global Leader of Food Practice at the international environmental organisation, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), feels that we should bear in mind that soil is not only a tool to maximise production, but also a living ecosystem. He pointed out that, “Soil is one of the largest ecosystems on the planet, surpassed only by the oceans. Ninety-five per cent of our food production hinges on soil health. Soil degradation reduces not just the quantity, but the quality of food.” The need to raise awareness about the importance of this issue was also emphasised by Mexican diplomat, Miriam Medel, a representative of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

https://guyanachronicle.com/2021/11/06/experts-issue-a-warning-at-cop26/

In commemoration of 2019 World Press Freedom Day, some journalists in Ghana’s Ashanti region joined hands in a tree planting exercise to help protect the environment and mitigate the effects of climate change. Spearheaded by the regional chapter of the Ghana Journalists Association (GJA), the initiative has the goal of fostering sustainable environmental sanitation in line with the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation, and 13 – Climate Action. According to Regional GJA Chair, Kingsley E. Hope, the SDGs can only be met by 2030 when all individuals, groups and organizations get involved in protecting, restoring and promoting the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystem, sustainable land and forest management, combating desertification and halting unusual land degradation. “The media has a unique role to play in accelerating climate action, combat climate change and environmental degradation by creating awareness to the general public through advocacy and education,” he noted. The journalists planted 40 hybrid coconut seedlings at Danyame, a suburb of the Kumasi Metropolis. Climate Change Advovate, Kofi Adu Domfeh, who joined in the planting, commended the journalists for the effort in taking climate action to help protect the environment. “Climate Change is everyone’s business,” he said. “We cannot combat global warming outright unless everybody joins the chain through environment sanitation and environment protection, especially in pushing for policy implementation”. According to Mr. Domfeh, a lot of human activities contribute to climate change, hence the need for increased advocacy against burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. He touted the importance of tree planting for carbon sequestration, providing shade, good quality air and healthy environment for living. “Such environmental exercises are important to conserve water, preserve the soil, reduce flooding, provide food and support biodiversity,” he said. The city authority has been tasked to ward off encroachment on the wetland where the coconuts were planted. The GJA will constantly monitor and nurture the planted economic trees to ensure their survival.

https://africaclimatereports.org/2019/05/ghanaian-journalists-take-action-for-sustainable-environment/

The United States has not had a consistent role or leadership voice when it comes to the global response to climate change - leading the negotiations on Kyoto, and then withdrawing; leading the negotiations on Paris, and then withdrawing. But beneath that instability lies a consistent and positive trend in the actions of everyday people and their communities, a strong and growing desire for America to rise to the climate challenge. Last week marked the third anniversary of President Trump's announcement of his intent to withdraw the US from Paris. The world looks remarkably different than it did then, and many of us are grappling anew with the pervasive and debilitating forces of racism and the rolling devastation of the coronavirus. Today, we want to celebrate positive trends in climate action, specific to the role of non-federal actors, that have continued unabated during that time and have the potential to scale. In the absence of leadership from the Administration, along with debilitating rollbacks of critical environmental and public health safeguards, a broad coalition of actors stepped up to declare We Are Still In. Climate action in the United States has since been defined by the momentum and commitment of leaders at the local level. A new light now shines onto the efforts of city, state and tribal governments to tackle their greenhouse gas emissions and build community resilience, and a greater sense of responsibility has permeated academia, the private sector, and the leadership of our faith, cultural, and health communities. Trend #1 - More Local and State Level Action on Climate Change Cities and states are pushing back against federal deregulation and leading the charge on addressing the challenge and now one third of the entire US economy (larger than the economy of Japan!) operates under an emissions cap. And this is really important - decision making around climate policy is highly decentralized in the United States. It is very possible that your city, county, or state has more influence over whether you have access to an electric vehicle or renewable energy than the federal government has. Plus, hundreds of cities, and dozens of Fortune 500 companies are moving to 100% clean energy, which explains why, for the first time ever, renewable energy consumption has surpassed coal. Scaling up the trend: - In the context of the coronavirus pandemic and its associated economic downturn, state and local governments must receive direct relief that allows them to maintain and strengthen critical climate resilience, mitigation, and sustainability efforts while meeting the urgent needs of their communities. - If you're interested in moving the US forward on climate change, there is no better place to look than your own community. Check out if your community has signed on to We Are Still In, and if not, reach out to us directly on how to push them to do so! Trend #2 - American climate leaders are increasingly participating in the international process without the federal government. Starting in 2014, the United Nations (UN) took an increasing interest in what was happening not just in national governments, but in communities and companies around the world. It was clear that many decisions that are made about climate change are not made in capitals, but are made in communities. Businesses own fleets of vehicles to manage their supply chains,, cities design and implement public transit systems, and commuting choices are made by a family. We would never solve the climate challenge if these groups were excluded. To support these communities in the global arena, we created the US Climate Action Center in 2017 - a home to showcase their climate work at the international climate negotiations following the announcement of the US withdrawal - and we were welcomed with open arms by the UN. They recognized that a center for the real actors of the economy was a natural evolution of the Paris process, though they have not directly participated in official negotiations to date. Scaling up the trend: - Rather than keeping non-national actors at side events, outside of the formal process, the UK should institute the first official forum for including subnational actors in the climate solution. Progress on this front looks promising, with the global Race to Zero effort uplifting the work of cities, universities, civil society, etc. - As countries and regions around the world recognize the need for collaborative action, the model that has emerged from the US should be applied elsewhere. In six other countries, with more on the way, Alliances for Climate Action have developed to strengthen partnerships between diverse actors and assert the importance of subnational contributions. Trend #3 - Cities, States, Businesses, and others are not just addressing their own carbon pollution, they are increasingly working together to solve the larger problem. Limiting the impacts of the climate crisis will take an effort by all of us to change our behavior, our priorities, and how we think about the economy and prosperity. Major institutions in the United States are now thinking beyond their own operations to determine how they can be part of a broader solution. We see new and exciting examples of this every day in the private sector, in cities, and even states. When institutions and individuals take voluntary action - above and beyond what they are required or even expected to do - they can affect broader change. And every day, more take up this charge and add their unique value and voice to this challenge. Farmers along the Mississippi can sequester carbon from the atmosphere, university students can provide extra capacity to their cities and communities, museums can educate the public on climate impacts and opportunities to make a difference. Scaling up the Trend: - We need a national plan for climate action that raises our collective ambition, emphasizes the importance of state and local policy, and draws direct connections between our goals and the steps that public and private sector entities can take towards delivering on them together. - The federal government could (and ideally would) play a pivotal role in crafting this plan, by providing strategic investments and crafting facilitative policies and regulations, but the powerhouse coalitions of non-federal actors who are committed to climate action at scale should be prepared to develop this plan independently.

https://www.worldwildlife.org/blogs/sustainability-works/posts/positive-trends-in-us-climate-action

The 4th International Conference on Environmental Education started on 24th November, 2007 in Centre for Environment Education (CEE), Ahmedabad, India. It was hosted by the Government of India and co- sponsored by the UNESCO and UNEP. Over fifteen hundred participants from ninety seven countries came together to attend the conference. There were eight plenary sessions and thirty working group sessions. The outcomes of these participatory sessions were fused to form the final declaration of the conference. The event ended on 28th November, 2007 with the final declaration which was endorsed by the participants. The Founder & CEO of Worldview impact was invited to speak on a plenary on: Addressing Climate Change Concerns on 27th November 2007 An impressive array of international policy-makers, educators, youth, civil society and private sector representatives assembled in Ahmedabad, India, for the 4th International Conference on Environmental Education (ICEE). Following a decade after the 3rd ICEE in Thessaloniki, Greece, the conference and its theme of education for sustainable development (ESD) took on a new spirit of urgency as speakers drew important linkages between ESD and global efforts to combat climate change and environmental disasters. Presenters noted the fact that this was the first ICEE to have a plenary session devoted entirely to "Addressing Climate Change Concerns", with high- profile Indian experts on climate change such as Dr. R.K. Pachauri (Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Dr. Sunita Narain (Director, Centre for Science and Environment), and other respected international experts. A representative from the UN Commission for Sustainable Development (UNCSD) noted that UNCSD would be coordinating a policy roundtable on the margins of the UNFCCC meetings in Bali in an effort to integrate ESD objectives into any post-2012 climate change agreement. The "Ahmedabad Declaration 2007: A Call to Action", issued on November 28, effectively summarized the underlying principle of most discussions at this conference - that in order to combat the urgent challenge of climate change in our world today, we must radically redefine our traditional relationships between society, the environment and the economy, and instill sustainable practices into every aspect of human activity. In order to achieve this paradigm shift, ESD must be front and centre in our respective national environmental agendas. All participants stressed that while ESD is perceived by many to be a marginal issue, it must be mainstreamed into broader dialogues on sustainability and economic development, effectively taking ESD beyond the classroom to educate politicians, policy-makers and publics. UNESCO and UNEP officials underscored the need to fulfill the vision of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD) and seek greater international collaboration on these issues. Professor Charles Hopkins (York University UNESCO and UNU Chair in ESD), gave a well-received presentation on "The Road to Ahmedabad" at the conference's inaugural launch, which detailed the history of global ESD efforts to date and pointed to the longstanding involvement of Canadian educators in this field.

https://worldviewimpact.com/news_1.php

COP21 opened the door for more adaptation and mitigation in the agriculture sector - will the agriculture community march in? After two weeks of negotiations, nearly 200 nations have finally agreed on a global climate change agreement to replace the nearly expired Kyoto Protocol. The Paris Agreement – which aims to limit the increase in global average temperatures to “well below two degrees C” and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees C – will come into force in 2020, and has already been hailed as historic and ambitious by many world leaders. Though agriculture is not mentioned by name, food security, food production, human rights, gender, ecosystems and biodiversity are explicit in the Agreement - The preamble of the Paris Agreement makes specific reference to “safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change” and also refers to human rights, gender, ecosystems and biodiversity, all issues that are central to agriculture. - Article 2.1 of the Agreement mentions the importance of protecting food production while reducing emissions. The ambitious 1.5 degree C target offers some hope for farmers and food security - The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperatures “well below” two degrees C, and pursue a 1.5 degree target. As we’ve previously outlined, the debate between a 1.5 or two degree C target means different future scenarios for agriculture. - A 1.5-degree temperature rise would produce fewer climate extremes than a two degree C temperature rise, which is good news for farmers in the tropics, who are on the frontline of heatwaves, droughts, floods and cyclones. A 1.5 degree C target demands urgent mitigation in agriculture sector - As we’ve noted elsewhere, a 1.5 degree C target will require even more mitigation effort from the agriculture sector than a two-degree target. But even with a two degree C target, by 2050 we will likely run out of viable options for reducing emissions from the industrial, transport and energy sectors. - Reducing emissions from agriculture will be imperative as it will be impossible to stay within either a 1.5 or two degree C target if agriculture does not contribute to emissions reductions. - The Paris Agreement notes that, on the whole, country commitments to reducing emissions will not limit global temperature rise to two degrees and that “much greater emission reduction efforts will be required” Countries want to take action on adapting agriculture and reducing emissions from farming – but funds are not yet there - Considerable finance is needed for agricultural adaptation and mitigation by Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Our analysis of the INDCs calculates at least USD 5 billion annually. - The Paris Agreement commits developed countries to set a new collective financing goal of at least USD 100 billion per year, “taking into account the needs and priorities of developing countries” but does not include binding requirements on financial contributions by individual countries Issues related to agriculture are being discussed in a slow-moving parallel process under the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) - Now is the time for countries and observers to prepare their submissions on agriculture to SBSTA for discussion at workshops scheduled for June 2016. Critical next steps for the global agriculture community There are some imminent challenges, now that the deal is done. Will countries take action quickly enough to limit global warming below 2-degrees? Will funding will be on hand to support developing countries to implement their plans to combat and adapt to climate change in the agriculture sector? And will there be enough political will to move away from ‘business as usual’? The Paris Agreement opens the door to further work on agriculture before now and 2020, when the Agreement takes hold. This is the chance for the global agriculture community, including CGIAR, to step up and drive action: download our new info note to read our key recommendations for action. CCAFS at COP21 Did you miss any of our events? A full rundown of COP21 events is available. Further reading Info note: The Paris Climate Agreement: what it means for food and farming by Vanessa Meadu, Isabelle Coche, Sonja Vermeulen, Anette Engelund Friis. Info note: How countries plan to address agricultural adaptation and mitigation: An analysis of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions by Meryl Richards, Thilde B. Bruun, Bruce M. Campbell, Lucy E. Gregersen, Sophia Huyer, Victoria Kuntze, Simone T.N. Madsen, Mads B. Oldvig, Ioannis Vasileiou Info note: Progress on agriculture in the UN climate talks: How COP21 can ensure a food-secure future by Merylyn Hedger, Bruce Campbell, George Wamukoya, James Kinyangi, Louis Verchot, Lini Wollenberg, Sonja Vermeulen, Peter Minang, Henry Neufeldt, Alain Vidal, Ana Maria Loboguerrero Rodriguez, Anette Engelund Friis, Alberto Millan Toolkit: Guide to the UNFCCC Negotiations on Agriculture by Farming First, CTA and CCAFS Opinion: Climate Change: Half a Degree Will Make a World of Difference for the Food We Eat by Bruce Campbell. Huffington Post, 9 December 2015.

https://ccafs.cgiar.org/research-highlight/paris-climate-agreement-unlocks-opportunities-food-and-farming?utm_content=buffer11aba&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer

Costa Rica is about to enter the final phase of its electoral process and there is a diverse group of candidates seeking its citizens’ support. On the issue of climate, the continuity of effort at governance and the increased desire for action are key to achieving the goals we set for ourselves. It is a good time to ask the candidates if their government plans and thinking reflect what is needed to confront climate change and change our development model to one that fully embraces sustainability. The climate issue has evolved over the 23 years since the creation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC was the first collective response to combat climate change, which has become a global effort to redefine a viable path for the development of human society and ensure survival in the face of climate change. It is one of the main elements that defined the development of countries under the Paris Agreement. While this may sound dramatic, climate change affects entire ecosystems and poses a particular threat to our society. Costa Rica, although a small emitter of greenhouse gases, is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. We must look for how to adapt to these negative effects that the current development model has generated. Costa Rica Among the risks faced by the country, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) specifically states that Costa Rica will likely suffer from saline water penetration of 150 to 500 meters on the Puntarenas coast, affecting 60 to 90 percent of urban areas. In addition, amphibians in mountain ecosystems and elsewhere in Costa Rica are particularly vulnerable to extinction from diseases induced by climate change. Also, the IPCC points out in a special regional report that the generation of hydroelectric energy and the production of grains and livestock will be especially vulnerable to changes in water supply, particularly in Costa Rica. The changes that the country will begin to experience are well studied and, consequently, a National Adaptation Plan has been designed. To put the dimension of the challenge in context, the National Climate Change Strategy illustrates how it will affect two basic elements, temperature and precipitation: From a financial perspective, the impacts of extreme hydrometeorological events caused by climate change will generate significant economic damage. In the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Costa Rica, it was estimated that the country has already suffered a total of 1.13 billion dollars in damage from 2005 to 2011. The sectors that have been most affected by climate change are: - Road infrastructure - Electricity generation infrastructure - Farming - Housing It is important to remember these four sectors in analyzing what the electoral candidates in Costa Rica are proposing regarding the climate issue, since we already know what has affected us and how much this damage cost us. In a country where funding is scarce, climate change cannot be left out of the candidates’ government plans, especially because 78.2 percent of the losses mentioned above are public works and will affect the national budget. The adverse effects of climate change are not fair and will affect the most vulnerable populations of the country. Women, children and people living in poverty are all disproportionately at risk. The NDC of Costa Rica also tells us an estimate of the damages we can have. It is necessary to emphasize that the development or government of Costa Rica cannot be planned without the climate issue. Are we going to adapt? In terms of adaptation, the country has defined objectives that should help us reduce the damage and become more resilient in the face of the adverse effects of climate change. According to the NDC, the adaptation actions of Costa Rica for the period 2016-2030 are defined so that the government plans of the electoral candidates should also reflect a way to attain them. The adaptation actions that we are going to carry out are the following: - Develop a National Adaptation Plan - Disaster risk reduction - Community-based adaptation - Adaptation based on ecosystems - Planning and local management for territorial adaptation - Adaptation of public infrastructure - Environmental health as an adaptation measure - Capacity development, technology transfer and financing for adaptation The NDC of Costa Rica gives a brushstroke about each point enunciated but its execution and effectiveness depends on the government in power. It is imperative to know how these goals are going to be achieved or if they will be discarded. An important threat to these goals is that they are not a structural part of the government plan and that their value is only on paper. We can count on the international community to ask Costa Rica about these points when it has formally declared them, but this does not reduce vulnerability or damage in the end. The only thing that does this is real and effective climate action. With this issue, as with others, it is important to seek coherence and continuity of climate governance goals in the government proposals of the electoral candidates. Climate governance continues In ratifying the Paris Agreement, Costa Rica was required to participate in an interdependent, transparent, monitorable process with a common objective: to limit the global temperature increase from 1.5℃ to 2℃. This process has certain tools and a defined timeline for its success, so a country cannot get out of sync without affecting others and being asked to do so. One of the first public and tangible commitments of Costa Rica in this process was to present its NDC. In this commitment, the country establishes the goals that will be implemented to comply with global climate objectives at the national level. Our main commitment is to decarbonize the economy (one step beyond just carbon neutrality) and become more resilient in the face of the adverse effects of climate change. “Costa Rica will center its climate change actions on increasing society’s resilience to the impact of climate change and strengthening the country’s capacity for a low emission development in the long term. Costa Rica will strengthen its climate action with efforts to reduce emissions, following scientific suggestions of what would be necessary to avoid the worst effect of climate change. Climate action will be based on balanced efforts of adaptation to ensure that communities, especially vulnerable communities, become resilient to the unavoidable impacts of climate change.” Costa Rica NDC The next big step we must take in this process is to declare a long-term development strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These commitments must be accompanied by a transparent system that monitors the country’s actions. This is where the actions that a candidate proposes for the next four years are relevant, given that if there is no continuity in the goals and process, we can miss our commitments and affect the common effort. To ensure countries’ climate actions are being fulfilled, a system has been designed: the “Global Stocktake.” Beginning in 2023, an evaluation will occur every 5 years and review the progress of each country towards the objectives it has declared and the common goal. In other words, if the future governors do not incorporate the logic of the Paris Agreement into their government plans, our development model, actions and projects that we develop will not help with the common goal, breaking with the effort of so many years. Climate action must be present both in the electoral discussions and in the political implementation of the new government.

https://climate4change.org/2018/01/22/2018-elections-in-costa-rica-a-theme-of-climate-governance/

On Tuesday, April 20th join Jane Goodall and Cardinal Peter K.A. Turkson for a special webinar on biological diversity hosted by the Vatican in partnership with the Parliament of the World's Religions, Global Catholic Climate Movement (GCCM), REPAM, REBAC, River Above Asia Oceania Ecclesial Network (RAOEN), CIDSE, Catholic Youth Network for Environmental Sustainability in Africa (CYNESA), ISVUMI, Columbans, LISTEN, Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology, and the International Union of Superiors General (UISG). Today we face multiple crises. The COVID health crisis, the climate crisis, and the biodiversity crisis are three interconnected crises calling us to change direction towards a regenerative civilization with an integral ecological story and pattern of life. The 2020 United Nations Global Biodiversity Report notes the importance of biodiversity in addressing climate change, long-term food security and concludes that action to protect biodiversity is essential to prevent future pandemics. We, leaders of universities, scientific research, and ecclesial bodies sense that we are at an inflection point, with life-altering consequences and a responsibility to act. It is time to amplify Pope Francis’ teachings in Laudato Si’ to co-create life-giving relationships with the creation and inspire thousands of people to do the same with the output of our roundtable, public webinar, education, and advocacy to regenerate healthy ecosystems on Earth. When biodiversity flourishes, human life flourishes.

https://parliamentofreligions.org/blog/2021-04-12-1350/join-vatican-parliament-international-partners-webinar-biological-diversity

What we do RE Sources protects the people, creatures, and wild places of the Salish Sea region. We inspire our community with the information and resources to be powerful advocates. Together, we: - Recover endangered populations of fish, whales, and wildlife, and maintain healthy and harvestable shellfish beds. - Restore and protect the Salish Sea and the rivers, lakes, and streams that feed into it so there is plenty of clean water for all who need it. - Inspire and empower young people to contribute to their community and world in positive ways. - Help foster the transition to renewable energy, moderate consumerism and wastefulness, and build up resilient communities who can work together and care for one another despite differences. - Reduce carbon emissions, encourage carbon drawdown efforts, and work toward a climate that sustains abundant life. How we do it We understand what it takes to shift society’s norms, leaders’ priorities, and imbalances of power. That’s why we give people practical ways to make a real difference, regardless of experience levels. We make it our job to understand the complex public processes and policies that govern how our communities operate, and we distill it into information you can act on. Making this knowledge accessible is key to putting power where it belongs — in the hands of the people. Together, people create movements and can achieve insurmountable goals. Our focus is to harness that people power. Our deep roots and broad connections in our region allow us to inspire and mobilize history-making numbers of people to protect the beauty and bounty of Northwest Washington. RE Sources creates lasting impact through: - Creating collaborations and strengthening coalitions, - Informing and mobilizing our communities, - Employing science and expertise, - Engaging elected officials (learn more about what RE Sources can and can’t engage in as a nonprofit organization), - Utilizing our environmental laws and regulations to protect our natural resources, ecosystems, and communities’ health and safety. Our key priorities Combat climate change Combat climate change and ocean acidification by exposing connections to its causes and consequences in our service area and create the public insistence necessary to make substantive changes here and at the state, national and global levels. Protect the Salish Sea and the rivers and streams that feed into it. Improve and protect the natural functions of marine, nearshore, freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Reduce pollution and toxics. Reduce the amount of pollution entering the land, air and water of northwestern Washington. Encourage sustainable food production and a clean, plentiful water supply. Safeguard the health of human-managed ecosystems that support locally-grown food, locally-harvested seafood, and clean, plentiful drinking water. Educate for change Educate all ages to understand the problems and solutions necessary to protect our environment and create a sustainable community. With a focus on individual behavior and collective action, we give children and adults the information and tools to make positive changes for our community and their lives. End waste Make it easy for people to reduce, reuse, and recycle. RE Sources promotes resourcefulness, frugality, and mindful consumption. We create practical solutions to reduce the creation and disposal of waste. Civic Engagement RE Sources activates people-power by providing tools, training, information, and direction to our community. We help create the public insistence necessary to influence both public and private decision-makers and leaders to execute smart policy that meets our community vision. Watchdog for threats Stand ready to take action on issues that threaten our community or that advance its sustainability. RE Sources stands ready to respond to unforeseen threats to our community, or opportunities to advance its sustainability, through action, advocacy and education.

https://www.re-sources.org/what-we-do/

A non-partisan group of scientists and mothers are working together to demystify climate science and motivate others to take action and they need your help. Science Moms was born out of a need to educate mothers about climate change, to combat an issue that will heavily impact future generations. Resources about climate change are few and far between and because of that, Science Moms is on a mission to engage, educate and arm mothers everywhere with the tools they need to take action. Climate Scientist Dr. Katharine Hayhoe along with others, spearheads the movement and says there are many ways we can all do our part. To learn more about how you can stand with Science Moms visit them online at ScienceMoms.com.

https://www.localsyr.com/bridge-street/science-moms-focus-on-moms-to-help-save-the-planet/