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75918161
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Langley%20Fardon
|
Edward Langley Fardon
|
Edward Langley Fardon (11 December 1839 – 9 February 1926) was an English art metalworker, whitesmith and engineer. He built and demonstrated the world's first all-metal bicycle with India rubber tyres in Kenilworth in 1869, incorporating several new design features.
Biography
Fardon was born in Royal Leamington Spa to James Fardon, a blacksmith, and Mary Langley and was raised in Kenilworth from 1841. He lived and worked in London between 1858 and 1865, and then returned to Kenilworth.
In 1873 he moved to nearby Stoneleigh, where he lived and worked until 1926 and was buried there.
Career
Fardon worked at his father's smithy until age 17 when he started at Francis Skidmore's Art-Manufactures Co., in Coventry. Here he would work alongside craftsmen working in metal, whose products were of a high standard, and he was inspired. His interest in design was also nurtured, and added to his craftsmanship, it started him on the road to becoming an artisan. In 1858, Fardon made a 4.5-day walk to London to find employment at larger engineering workshops. He later produced metalwork at chateaus in Switzerland and Paris for Rothschild barons, and ornamental gates at Witley Court for the Earl of Dudley. In 1862, his gates were exhibited at the International Exhibition in London.
Fardon inherited his father's business in 1865 and returned to Kenilworth to rebuild the family's workshop at Castle End.
In later years, Fardon received several commissions on the Stoneleigh Abbey estate and local churches, including hot water and heating systems.
Bicycle innovations
Fardon had seen wooden cycles in Paris and was inspired to improve the principle of the wheels:
| 2.25 | 0 |
75918653
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Watervliet%20family
|
Van Watervliet family
|
Researchers cannot yet explain the selection of "Watervliet" as the estate name. The closest place named Watervliet is in Flanders in Belgium, approximately 20 miles (30km) from Goes, but there is a Zeeland tie to the Heer of that Watervliet: Count Hieronymus Lauweryn van Watervliet served as Treasurer-General of Zeeland from 1499 to 1508. Also, the title is an unusual example of a grant where the fount granted no accompanying fief--Gillissen's land was allodial, a vrijheerlijkheid--so the title is attached to Cornelis and his descendants to the present day.
Cornelis married Maria van Campen, and they produced five children, including Cornelia, Gillis, and Cornelis. Cornelia married David van der Nisse, Heer van Nisse, who later served as Burgemeester of Goes. Gillis and Cornelis followed in their father's footsteps as councilmen and mayors of Goes, ridders, and serving on the Rekenkamer. Cornelis married Anna van Liere, they produced four children and share a grave in the Great Church of Mary Magdalene in Goes.
By the middle 17th Century, some Dutch provinces began following the practice of the Holy Roman Empire where all descendants, male and female, inherited the father's title (but only males could pass it on), so official records of the time referred to all four of Cornelis and Anna's children variously and concurrently as "Heer van Watervliet", and "Heer van Ellewoutsdijk, etc". In 1651 their daughter Anna Maria wed a Dutch-Czech nobleman, Ferdinand de Perponcher Sedlnitsky, ridder, Freiherr von Choltitz und Fullstein, and a cousin of Hendrik George de Perponcher Sedlnitsky. In adulthood, Cornelis and Anna's sons, Cornelis and Emmery, served as councilmen and mayors of Goes, and Cornelis and Frederik served on the Gecommitteerde Raad van Zeeland (State Council). Frederik produced two sons for certain, Myndert and Carsten, and possibly a third, Rynier.
| 2.140625 | 0 |
75918653
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Watervliet%20family
|
Van Watervliet family
|
In North America
Mentions of the Van Watervliets in the records of Zeeland gradually disappear in the 18th Century, while Myndert and Carsten start a new chapter of the family history in the New Netherland settlement of Beverwijck around 1655. As Lutherans, their move to North America may have been prompted by a 1619 law that limited membership in the highest level of government, the Ridderschap, to members of the Reformed Church. If true, it would not be the family's last tangle with Calvinists. In moving they also deployed another family name, Van Everinghe, invoking their ancient and more prestigious title of Heer van Ellewoutsdijk, Everinghe, Koudorp, en Driewegen, which was the second largest barony in Zeeland at the time and dates to the 13th Century. Due to non-standardized spelling and Anglicization of names over time, they and their descendants appear in records variously under the names Van Iveren, Van Yveren, Van Every, Van Evera, and Van Avery, with or without the space and sometimes with the "between-joiner" "Van" treated as an additional given name or abbreviated as an initial.
| 2.0625 | 0 |
75918799
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon%20Emry
|
Sheldon Emry
|
The Lord's Covenant church, which was founded by Emry, distributed a concordance of Biblical laws, ranging from health to property law, in order that divine law would become the law of the land.
Emry was a prolific writer of pamphlets. During the inflation crisis of the late 1970s and early 1980s, he blamed the Federal Reserve for the nation's economic problems. Emry distributed literature at farm meetings, and advertised in American Agriculture News. In 1984, he published Billions for the Bankers, Debts for the People, a thirty-page primer denouncing the "debt-usury banking system".
Influence
Emry's teaching had a direct influence on introducing various members of The Order to Christian Identity beliefs, including the Robert and Sharon Merki, and Jean Craig. The Merkis were first introduced to Emry at the annual Freedom Festival held by the Christian Patriots Defense League in Flora, Illinois, in 1978. Jean Craig was reached by Emry's radio and tape ministry through America's Promise. Order founder Robert Mathew's mistress, Zillah Craig learned of Christian Identity from her great-aunt, who was a follower of Emry.
Following Emry's death in 1985, his son-in-law, David Barley, took over the ministry and moved it to Sand Point, Idaho. Continuing Emry's legacy, Barley is noted for opposing the appeal to violence of some Christian Identity leaders. Barley experienced difficulty in expanding the ministry when the ADL portrayed his organization with the same appeal to violence as Richard Butler's Aryan Nations.
| 2.21875 | 0 |
75918808
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawardiella
|
Seawardiella
|
Seawardiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains two species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell in 2018. The genus name honours the British lichenologist and plant ecologist Mark Seaward.
Seawardiella is in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Seawardiella is comparable to the genus Calogaya, yet it is distinguishable by its underdeveloped thalline sections and the absence of vegetative reproductive structures. In their classification of kingdom Fungi in the 2021 "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa", Wijayawardene and colleagues do not recognise Seawardiella and instead lump it in synonymy with Calogaya.
Description
Genus Seawardiella encompasses two species of lichens, with a form ranging from small rosette-like structures to less distinct formations, or even as tiny situated at the base of the apothecia (fruiting bodies). These lichens are slightly elevated from their growth surface and exhibit colors from whitish grey or yellowish grey to yellow. The apothecia are typically numerous and prominent, often featuring a well-developed stalk-like structure known as a thalline stipe. The of the apothecia is flat or slightly convex, and the external layer (the ) and the true internal layer (the ) are composed of closely interwoven cells ().
| 2.3125 | 0 |
75919187
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tribute%20Money%20%28Philippe%20de%20Champaigne%29
|
The Tribute Money (Philippe de Champaigne)
|
The Tribute Money is an oil on canvas painting by the Flemish-French painter Philippe de Champaigne, created c. 1663–1665. It is held at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
History and description
Known for his religious works, Philippe de Champaigne illustrates here the famous episode from the Gospels, when the Pharisees asked Jesus Christ if it was correct to pay tribute to the Romans, by presenting him a denarius. A negative response could have caused reprisals from the Romans. It was at this moment that Jesus replied: “Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and unto God the things that are God’s.”
In a format where the life-size painted characters seem to encourage the viewer to participate in the scene, Champaigne depicts Jesus while he points to the denarius, stamped with the effigy of Caesar, held by the Pharisee, and, with his finger pointed to the air to indicate God, gives his answer. In a classic and rigorous style, Philippe de Champaigne balances bright colors, including the Pharisee's shawl hemmed with an inscription in Hebrew. On the left, another Pharisee wearing a headband also covered with Hebrew inscriptions seems to be thinking about Jesus' response, as does the one on the far left, with one hand on his chin. On the left side, a character seen in profile would be a self-portrait of the artist.
The painting shows the influence of Raphael and Nicolas Poussin, specially in the composition.
| 2.5 | 0 |
75919644
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaanam%20Art%20Festival
|
Vaanam Art Festival
|
2023
The 2023 edition of the Vaanam Art Festival, curated by director Pa Ranjith's Neelam Cultural Centre, took place in April, coinciding with the birth month of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Dalit History Month. The month-long festival featured a diverse range of activities, including a book exhibition, the PK Rosy Film Festival, the Niththam Art and Photography Exhibition, the Dhamma Theatre Festival, and the Verchol Dalit Literary Festival. Notably, the festival aimed to provide a platform for subaltern youth to engage actively in political thought and discourse. The events took place at accessible locations in Chennai, challenging conventional associations with the upper caste glare. The Niththam exhibition showcased the everyday lives of subaltern individuals through the lens of photography, with contributions from around 40 artists, including first-time photographers from Nepal, Maharashtra, and Kerala. The literary festival featured panels moderated by young, first-time writers, fostering vibrant discussions on writing and philosophy.
Controversy
Poet and assistant director Viduthalai Sigappi, associated with filmmaker Pa Ranjith, faced legal action for reciting a satirical poem titled 'Malakkuzhi Maranam' (deaths in manholes) during the Vaanam Arts Festival. The poem, addressed the issue of manual scavenging deaths. The Bharath Hindu Munnani, a right-wing outfit, filed a complaint, leading to the Tamil Nadu police registering an FIR against Sigappi. Neelam Cultural Centre defended Sigappi, emphasizing that the poem aimed to draw attention to societal ignorance about manual scavenging deaths and was not intended to insult religious beliefs. The controversy sparked condemnation from various quarters, with support for Sigappi coming from individuals like actor Kalaiyarasan, Sriperumbudur MLA K Selvaperunthagai, filmmaker Lenin Bharathi, writer-activist Shalin Maria Lawrence, and director Shan.
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75919981
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaclovas%20Bielskis
|
Vaclovas Bielskis
|
Vaclovas Bielskis (1 May 1870 – 16 September 1936) was a Lithuanian leftist activist.
Educated as an engineer at the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, Bielskis worked at a steal factory in Ukraine until he was able to return to Lithuania in 1905. He settled in Šiauliai where he became an administrator of the estates of (mother of Vladimir Zubov). During World War I, he evacuated to Saint Petersburg where he was an active participant of the February Revolution and chairman of the Petrograd Seimas which attempted to organize a Lithuanian political center in Russia. In 1919, he was people's commissar of agriculture in the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia (Litbel). In 1923, he returned to Šiauliai where he was director of the Gubernija brewery and was elected to the city's council as a representative of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. He was also active in Lithuanian cultural life. He was one of the co-founders and chairmen of the Kultūra Society.
Biography
Early life and education
Bielskis was born on 1 May 1870 in near Žaiginys in central Lithuania. He was the youngest of 15 children. The family owned no land but claimed descent from an old medieval noble family. His elder brother (1855–1904) was an engineer and an activist. He participated in the smuggling of the banned Lithuanian press and maintained contacts with leftist activists, including the Zubov family. He had a formative influence on Vaclovas Bielskis.
Bielskis attended Šiauliai Gymnasium in 1880—1889 where he became interested in Marxism. He further studied at the Saint Petersburg University and Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute graduating in 1896. As a student, he was involved with illegal Lithuanian student societies that also included Andrius Bulota, Povilas Višinskis, Jonas Vileišis, .
| 1.90625 | 0 |
75920000
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20the%20Ripper%27s%20Bedroom
|
Jack the Ripper's Bedroom
|
Author Wendy Baron, writing for the Yale University Press, calls the painting "moody" and "sinister", and highlights Sickert's talent for composing melodrama.
Legacy
The painting is cited as an early example of Jack the Ripper in the arts. It was bequeathed by Mars Mary Ciely Tatlock to the Manchester Art Gallery in 1980. In 2002, it was temporarily at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool for the exhibition "Sickert: A Life in Art".
Theories regarding Sickert being Jack the Ripper
The painting has been used as evidence of the controversial theory that Sickert was the culprit or associate of Jack the Ripper. The theory started when Joseph Sickert, Walter's son, told author Stephen Knight that Walter had told him the truth about the murders, and that they were carried about by William Gull, and aided by John Netley and Robert Anderson. Knight's research led him to the theory that Robert Anderson was not a culprit, but rather Sickert. Knight published this theory in his 1976 book, Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution. Joseph Sickert revealed in 1978 that the story supposedly told by Walter was a hoax, but the theory still grew in popularity. The theory was again published in Jean Overton Fuller's 1990 book, Sickert and the Ripper Crimes, and Patricia Cornwell's 2002 book Portrait of a Killer.
Cornwell used Jack the Ripper's Bedroom as evidence of her theory. In 2002, she infamously tore apart one of the Camden Town Murder paintings to retrieve Sickert's DNA. A 2019 article in Science stated that Cornwell's allegation that Sickert was the Ripper was based on a DNA analysis of letters that "many experts believe ... to be fake" and that "another genetic analysis of the letters claimed the murderer could have been a woman".
| 2.34375 | 0 |
75920283
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Karimi%20Jahromi
|
Ali Karimi Jahromi
|
Teaching career
For 26 years, Karimi was very close and partook in many classes by Mohammad Reza Golpaygani. He documented a plethora of his Darse Kharej lectures in a detailed fashion, which later became published as a book. For around 20 years, he taught Usul Al-Fiqh, with a particular emphasis on Makasib and Kifayat al-Usul. When Golpaygani's classes stopped, Karimi took over teaching Darse Kharej which he does till now. He used to lead Friday prayers in the Fatima Masoomeh Shrine in Qom, as well as the Razavi Mosque. In 1998 he was recognised as the best Quran-researcher in the country, and in 2007 he was honoured as an exemplary professor of the Qom Seminary.
Personal life
Before the 1979 Iranian revolution, Karimi was arrested and banned from giving speeches from the pulpit in several places, such as Ahvaz, Mahshahr, Bushehr, Qom and Tehran. He was one of the students in Qom who signed an open letter to the then prime minister of Iran, Amir-Abbas Hoveyda. He is the son in law of the prominent scholar Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, and he led his funeral prayers.
Works
Some of his works:
Eldar al-Manzoud Fi Haqam al-Hudood: Lectures on foreign jurisprudence by Ayatollah Azami Golpayegani
Lectures on al-Shahadat and lectures on al-Qadaa: both in argumentative jurisprudence
The seal of the province in the sky of Iran: The life of Imam Reza
The Lady of the Kingdom: The life of Fatima Masoumeh
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75920300
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh%20Sajjad%20Gul
|
Sheikh Sajjad Gul
|
Sheikh Sajjad Gul (born 1974), also known as Sheikh Sajjad, is a Kashmiri militant and the founder of The Resistance Front which has been active in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir since 2019.
Early life
Sheikh Sajjad Gul, born in 1974 in the Shah Mohalla area of Nawa Bazar in the old city of Srinagar, was educated at the National School in Srinagar’s Karan Nagar. In 1996, Gul successfully completed his BSc degree from Sri Pratap College located in Lal Chowk, Srinagar. Following this, he pursued higher education and earned an MBA from the Asia Pacific Institute of Management in Bengaluru, graduating in 1999.
During this time, he established connections with individuals associated with groups such as Tehreek-ul-Mujahideen and Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Early militancy career
In 2002, Gul faced arrest in New Delhi on charges related to a hawala racket. While in Tihar jail, he reportedly established connections with prominent LeT militants also incarcerated there. Later, in 2005, Gul was transferred to Srinagar Central Jail and subsequently released in 2006.
Throughout 2016, he remained under constant police scrutiny following intelligence intercepts indicating his involvement in receiving a pistol from across the Line of Control (LoC) for an undisclosed mission. Then, in March 2017, Gul managed to obtain a passport using a fake address in Jammu, secured a visa for Pakistan, and crossed the Wagah border. His acquisition of the passport was deemed fraudulent.
The Resistance Front
In 2019, following the abrogation of Article 370, Sheikh Sajjad Gul, along with Muhammad Abbas Sheikh, co-founded The Resistance Front, a separatist militant organization actively engaged in advocating for the independence of Jammu and Kashmir from India. Presently, Sheikh Sajjad Gul serves as the supreme leader of The Resistance Front.
| 1.90625 | 0 |
75920341
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitiaki%20%28sculpture%29
|
Kaitiaki (sculpture)
|
Kaitiaki is a public sculpture located in the Auckland Domain in Auckland, New Zealand, created by New Zealand sculptor Fred Graham. The piece depicts a (harrier hawk), a bird that features as a guardian in Ngāti Whātua and Tainui oral histories. Developed as a part of the Auckland Domain Sculpture Walk, the sculpture was unveiled in 2004.
Commission
At the turn of the 21st century, the Outdoor Sculpture 2001 Incorporated Society was formed to develop a sculpture walk through the Auckland Domain. The society installed eight sculptures in the Domain between 2004 and 2005, including Kaitiaki by Fred Graham, who was a member of the society. The piece was commissioned by the society in collaboration with the Edmiston Trust, and supported financially by the New Zealand Lotteries Board Millennium Fund and by the Auckland City Council.
Design and construction
Kaitiaki (English: "Guardian") is an black powder-coated steel sculpture that depicts a (harrier hawk). Graham chose a for the piece due to its appearance in Ngāti Whātua and Tainui oral histories as a guardian that was present in Aotearoa New Zealand prior to the first inhabitants.
The sculpture is located on Pukekawa, one of the two volcanic hills in Auckland Domain, and looks towards the second, Pukekaroa. Pukekaroa was the location where Te Puea Hērangi planted a tōtara tree, to commemorate the centennial of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi; a location seen as sacred to Graham, who is of Tainui descent.
History and subsequent works
Since the work was unveiled in 2004, the black powder-coated steel surface has often attracted vandalism and tagging.
In 2007, Whaowhia, a sculpture composed of two urns, was installed at the southern entrance of Auckland War Memorial Museum. The piece was created by Graham's son Brett Graham, and Kaitiaki is visible from Whaowhia.
| 2.125 | 0 |
75920400
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoco%20Wowsugi
|
Naoco Wowsugi
|
In 2019, Wowsugi became a Humanities Truck Fellow, awarded by American University. The fellowship allows artists to use a truck to create a piece or project. Wowsugi originally wanted to use her fellowship to undertake a group portrait project in D.C., but shifted gears after the COVID-19 pandemic placed restrictions on in-person gatherings. Instead, she used the truck as a way to deliver food, first "to communities around the city" and then to Black Lives Matter protests later in 2020.
Group portraits
Wowsugi's first group portraits took place in 2010 and 2011 in Richmond, Virginia. She took photos of groups of people who were connected in some way, such as a shared employer, subculture, or religious community. The first portrait was of people in the Virginia Commonwealth University Graduate Photography and Film Department, where Wowsugi was studying.
Since 2011, Wowsugi has taken attendance for the classes she teaches by taking a group photo of her students.
In 2015, Wowsugi created Group Portrait Journey in Rockville, Maryland, a photography exhibit showcasing the relationships of individuals who support the VisArts center in Rockville, Maryland.
Thank You for Teaching Me English
In 2013, Wowsugi began her photography project, Thank You for Teaching Me English. The project includes 30 portraits, each depicting a person from Wowsugi's life who helped her acclimate to life in the United States, as they speak a word they taught her. The exhibit was first shown in late 2013 at the American University Museum. In 2014, the exhibit was shown at Hamiltonian Gallery.
In 2016, the exhibition was a finalist in the National Portrait Gallery's The Outwin contest.
| 2.515625 | 0 |
75921038
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar%20Trelles%20Montes
|
Óscar Trelles Montes
|
Julio Óscar Trelles Montes (Andahuaylas; — Lima; ) was a Peruvian physician and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Peru and Minister of Government and Police from July to December 1963, in the first government of President Fernando Belaúnde Terry. He was also Minister of Public Health and Social Assistance (1945–1946), Senator of the Republic (1980–1985) and President of the Senate (1980–1981).
Professional career
He was the son of Juan Antonio Trelles and María Antonia Montes. He completed his secondary studies in the cities of Cuzco and Lima; He then traveled to France, where he pursued a career in medicine at the University of Paris until graduating as a physician in 1935.
He worked in Paris at the Dejerine Foundation, from 1930 to 1935, with Professor Jean Lhermitte, under whose direction with F. Masquin they published the book Précis d'anatomo-physiologie normale et pathologique du système nerveux. His work in the field of Medicine deserved, in view of his psychiatric clinical work, the Medical-Psychological Society of Paris to give him the Trevel prize in 1934.
After intense scientific activity he returned to Peru in 1936. He revalidated his degree at the University of San Marcos by presenting a thesis on "Protuberance Softening", which won the award from the National Academy of Medicine. Almost immediately he began working at the asylum for incurables "El Refugio" in which he created the first neurological hospital in Peru, called Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, of which he was director (1940–1974). Thanks to his drive, this hospital became at the forefront of modern knowledge in neuroscience at the national level.
He also opted for a teaching career and was a professor of neurology at San Marcos (1936–1961). He was one of the founders of Cayetano Heredia University.
Together with Honorio Delgado he founded the Journal of Neuropsychiatry in 1938.
| 2.328125 | 0 |
75921094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770s%20Pacific%20Northwest%20smallpox%20epidemic
|
1770s Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
|
Possible antecedents
The 1520s smallpox epidemic spread from Mesoamerica into adjacent maize-growing regions in North America. A population decline in the Columbia Basin, evidenced archaeologically by a sharp regional decline in artifacts and structures in the early 1500s, has been tentatively linked to a spread of this outbreak, but greatly predates any written record in the region. Other causes for the population decline than disease are possible.
Excepting possible Spanish or East Asian shipwrecks in earlier periods, possible origins of disease spread on the Pacific Coast began in the late 1500s with the landing of Francis Drake at California. European contact in the Northwest only began in the late 1700s with Spanish, British, and Russian exploration in the region. No evidence of pandemics during this period are attested in the Northwest.
Historical accounts
A severe paucity of sources limits research into the spread and effects of the pandemic. No European explorers directly witnessed the pandemic, only writing about their effects. Anthropologist Robert T. Boyd describes the epidemic as existing in a "shadowy period at the juncture of the protohistoric and historic eras", occurring almost immediately prior to sustained European presence in the Pacific Northwest.
| 2.828125 | 0 |
75921094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770s%20Pacific%20Northwest%20smallpox%20epidemic
|
1770s Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
|
A Spanish origin for the pandemic is supported by the majority of scholarly literature. Spanish explorers are known to have visited the Northwest Coast in 1774, 1775, and 1779. Folklore among Northern coast natives describing the arrival of "disease boats" has been used to support a Spanish origin for the epidemic. Critiques of the theory include the lack of clear evidence of any disease except scurvy aboard the ships, voyages exceeding typical timelines for smallpox infectivity, and a lack of evidence for smallpox outbreaks in Mexico until the autumn of 1779, half a year after the departure of Arteaga's 1779 expedition. However, the possibility of endemic smallpox in central Mexico, typical in such highly populated regions, would allow for disease transmission outside of periods of epidemic illness. The 1775 expedition led by Bruno de Heceta and Bodega y Quadra has been cited as the most likely origin out of the Spanish expeditions.
In 1768 and 1768, a devastating smallpox epidemic struck the Kamchatka Peninsula, killing thousands. A Russian account describes the disease as spreading into the peninsula from the "Eastern Islands" (likely referring to the Kuril Islands) due to a single infected individual. Support for the theory mainly stems from the earlier date for the pandemic estimated among the Tlingit and the presence of a Russian vessel in South Alaska during the Kamchatka epidemic. However, accounts that Tlingit north of Sitka were spared of the disease heavily disrupts the theory.
| 2.703125 | 0 |
75921094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770s%20Pacific%20Northwest%20smallpox%20epidemic
|
1770s Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
|
Theories alleging an origin from the Plains Indians rely on reports by missionaries and fur traders during the early 19th century describing the epidemic as coming from the plains during mountain-crossing bison hunts. A large scale smallpox epidemic is attested among the Sioux and Blackfoot, but only beginning around 1780. Accounts by native informants may have confused the origins of the 1770s epidemic with another on the Columbia Plateau in 1801–1802, for which a Great Plains origin is firmly attested. An earlier 1787–1788 account by the Piegan Blackfoot Saukamappee describes smallpox as spreading several years prior from the Shoshone into the Plains, indicating a possible spread from a 1781 pandemic among the Pueblo.
Spread
The epidemic is attested among the Tlingit, Haida, Coast Salish, Ditidaht, Chinook, Nuu-chah-nulth, Kwakwakaʼwakw, Tillamook, Nez Perce, Colville, Ktunaxa, and Bitterroot Salish. Dates estimated for the epidemic among the coast predate those further inland by several years.
Treatment
Traditional medicine practitioners were unprepared to treat a highly infectious disease. Group healing ceremonies were a common forms of folk medicine, but only served to further transmit the illness. Sweat baths and immersion in cold water, common among Plateau groups, could lead to the death of the infected by shock or pneumonia. However, the practice of burning the belongings of the deceased (including the homes for prestigious individuals) may have slightly diminished the spread.
| 2.96875 | 0 |
75921094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770s%20Pacific%20Northwest%20smallpox%20epidemic
|
1770s Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
|
Effects and legacy
The debilitating effects of smallpox on infected individuals led to an inability to participate in hunting and foraging. This may have led to intense malnutrition among tribal communities, most prominently on those who depended on others for food, such as young children and the elderly. The effects of the illness additionally rendered breastfeeding impossible by infected mothers. One Vancouver Island informant, as recorded by Edward Curtis, attributes the destruction of the Hoyalas tribe of Quatsino Sound to the epidemic, although other accounts attribute their disappearance to warfare. Samish and Lummi oral histories also speak of the destruction of multiple villages, and the near-extinction of several tribes.
Smallpox would re-emerge in the region following the 1770s epidemic. In 1782, two thirds of the Stó꞉lō died from a smallpox outbreak. Other smallpox epidemics would occur in the Lower Columbia basin during the 1830s and 40s, and across wide swathes of British Columbia in the 1860s.
| 2.8125 | 0 |
75921341
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keij%C5%8D%20nipp%C5%8D
|
Keijō nippō
|
Background
Japan began moving to incorporate Korea as its protectorate in the 1900's, and began publishing newspapers that promoted these themes and advocated for further Japanese control. Japan's agenda was soon confronted by the English- and Korean-language newspaper The Korea Daily News, run by British journalist in Korea Ernest Bethell, which dodged Japanese censorship and criticized Japan's treatment of Korea sharply. In response, Japanese Resident-General of Korea Itō Hirobumi began issuing an English-language newspaper to counter Bethell's, entitled The Seoul Press. Japan also applied pressure on both Bethell and the British government to stop the newspaper's publication. Bethell died in 1909 after a years-long legal battle, and his newspaper was sold and converted into the Maeil sinbo, which promoted Japanese government lines.
History
Early history
The Keijō nippō was formed via a merger between around seven pro-Japanese newspapers in Korea, namely the Kanjō shinpō and Daitō shinpō. These two papers were acquired by the Japanese Resident-General of Korea in July and early August 1906. Resident-General Itō played a significant role in the Keijō nippō's creation, and even reportedly proposed the name of the paper. It is believed the paper was founded specifically to counter Bethell's papers.
| 2.671875 | 0 |
75921648
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camas%20Hot%20Springs
|
Camas Hot Springs
|
Camas Hot Springs, also known as Big Medicine Hot Springs, is a group of historic hot springs in Hot Springs, Sanders County, Montana, United States.
History
Indigenous peoples and early settlement
Long before Euro-American fur trappers and settlers arrived in the Little Bitterroot River Valley where Hot Springs, Montana is located, the Kootenai, Flathead, Pend d'Oreille and Kalispell Indigenous peoples inhabited this area. The Pend d'Orielles reportedly described the springs as "Big Medicine."
Pierre-Jean De Smet, a Jesuit missionary, visited and wrote about the springs in 1842. He recorded that the local Native people used the thermal springs "after the fatigues of a long journey, they find that bathing in this water greatly refreshes them." When Flathead Reservation was established, U.S. Congress set aside an reserve around the hot springs as part of the organizing legislation.
The Great Falls Tribune reported that by 1905 the hot springs had primitive soaking pools, a hot spring water pool and mineral plunge built by townspeople, and hot mud baths, called a "corn hole" that allegedly cured rheumatism. Built by Ed Lemoreaux, the pool was used until 1911. One pool was later covered in gazebo and branded as the Fountain of Youth. A Christian missionary who visited Camas in 1911 found "rather few permanent settlers, but some 200 dwellers in hotels and tents seeking benefit from the hot baths."
The first enclosed bathhouses were built in 1911. Camas Hot Springs was one of more than a dozen hot springs resorts operating in Montana in 1933.
Tribe-owned bathhouse
A new tribe-owned bath house was constructed and opened in 1949, with "China-blue bath tubs and fine ceramic tile". Native American Olympian Jim Thorpe was one of the 5,000 people who attended the grand opening, which included bison and elk barbecue sandwiches.
| 2.3125 | 0 |
75921880
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waves%20at%20Matsushima
|
Waves at Matsushima
|
Legacy
The pair is seen as Sōtatsu's masterwork. His work had gone mostly unnoticed after his death in the 1640s, but his work still impacted "generations of famous artists". The pair inspired works by Ogata Kōrin and Suzuki Kiitsu, which were also named Waves at Matsushima. Kōrin's work was heavily inspired by Sōtatsu, and he painted a six-fold screen in the early 18th century which was based on Sōtatsu's Matsushima. Compared to Sōtatsu's painting, Kōrin's has more "assertive" waves and sharper color contrasts. After Kōrin's work, Sōtatsu's original became an icon of the Rinpa canon. Kōrin's work was lost, but a copy on woodblock print was made by Sakai Hōitsu in 1826, in his second collection of works titled One Hundred Paintings by Kōrin. Suzuki Kiitsu studied the Rinpa masters, and circa 1832 to 1836, he made two sliding doors that resemble the other two's screens.
In the late 1800s, a group of Western collectors, including Charles Lang Freer, started collecting Sōtatsu's work. The name Waves at Matsushima was given to the screens in the early 20th century. Freer bought the work, which was labeled as Rolling Waves and Rocks, in 1906 for $5,000. He initially displayed it in his Detroit home. It was further popularized after featuring in an exhibit at an unnamed gallery in 1913, which influenced Henri Matisse and Gustav Klimt, and at the Tokyo Museum in 1947, when Sōtatsu's work was exhibited alongside Mattise's. At the latter show, viewers were surprised to see Mattise and Sōtatsu's similarities. Currently, they are located in the Smithsonian's Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., where they have been since 1919, and they are seen as one of the gallery's masterpieces. They were in an exhibit at the Smithsonian's Sackler Gallery in 2011, and in “Sōtatsu: Making Waves”, at the Freer Gallery from 2015 to 2016.
| 2.5625 | 0 |
75922510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora%20Maclean
|
Dora Maclean
|
Dora Maclean (12 April 1892 – 14 September 1978) was an Australian pedigree horse-breeder known for her Arabian horses. During the war she was obliged to employ women from the Australian Women's Land Army. She only employed women after that.
Life
Maclean was born in 1892 in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy North. Her parents had arrived in Australia three years before. She was educated at the local Presbyterian Ladies' College but she chose her father's farm at Yan Yean for recreation where he bred large Clydesdale horses. In 1918, her father died and she and her sister, Eve, inherited the farm. For five years they bred sheep until 1923 when both Eve and her mother died.
She went to Europe where she used her knowledge of horses to buy examples of purebred Arabian horses and of Shetland ponies. She was said to be able to spot a good horse when it was still a foal. She had been interested in Arabian horses after seeing a photo of an Arabian mare owned by Wilfred and Lady Anne Blunt. (Lady Blunt's mum was Ada Lovelace). The Blunts had begun breeding Arabian horses in 1878.
While she was in Britain she purchased her first Arabian horse from Lady Blunt's daughter, Lady Wentworth, and it arrived in Australia in 1924/5. The Crabbet horse was called "Rafina" and it arrived with a colt. She imported more horses from the Crabbett line because of its pedigree. Her business led to her exporting horses around the world where the Fenwick name was also valued.
In 1931, the Australian Pony Stud Book Society was established and she was a founding member. In 1935, she imported two more Crabbett Arab horses Indian Light and Nisirich in order that she could breed better horses for polo and hunting.
The staff on the Maclean's farm were mostly men but during the war there was a loss of staff. Staff were found from the Australian Women's Land Army and this was very successful. After the war when the men returned, the farm continued to employ women.
In 1961, Cecil Covey sold the Fenwick stallion, Sindh, to Maclean.
| 2.375 | 0 |
75923019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father%20Burgos%20House
|
Father Burgos House
|
The Father Burgos House, built in 1788, is a historic house in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Philippines. It was the residence of the Filipino Catholic priest Jose Burgos (1837–1872), a leader of the secularization movement, referring to the full incorporation of Filipino priests into the Catholic hierarchy in the Philippines, which was dominated by Spanish friars in the past. Alongside two other Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, Burgos was arrested on false charges of sedition and incitement of the Cavite mutiny and executed in 1872.
Architecture
The Father Burgos House is an example of an early bahay-na-bato house architecture that is built smaller and closer to the ground, than the later versions found in Vigan and elsewhere.
Typical of the bahay-na-bato, the wood-framed upper level was where the family lived; it would be reached through a grand wooden staircase rising from the zaguan, a carriageway running from a huge wooden entrance door on the ground floor. The rest of the stone-walled ground floor was used for storage.
Museum
Burgos' house serves as a museum. It has one of the original copies of Jose Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere. The house also displays 19th-century paintings by the Ilocano painter Esteban Villanueva of the 1807 Basi Revolt.
Heritage status
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines installed a historical marker on the house's façade in 1939.
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75923817
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Fr%C3%A4ulein%20Lieser
|
Portrait of Fräulein Lieser
|
The painting measures . The background of the painting has faintly pencilled shapes, suggesting that Klimt intended to continue making elaborations.
According to Dobai, the painting "recalls in its compositional approach and in particular in the position of the hands, the portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer II and Elisabeth Bachofen-Echt ".
Provenance
Klimt painted the Portrait of Fräulein Lieser in 1917. The piece was left unsigned in his studio when he died in 1918 and was given to the family.
Following a Klimt exhibition in Vienna's Neue Galerie in 1925, the painting passed into a private collection. The only record of the painting was a black-and-white photograph from around the time it was exhibited in 1925. It was thought to have belonged to either Adolf or Henriette Lieser.
After Austria merged with Nazi Germany in the Anschluss of 1938, the Lieser family was persecuted under the Nazi's anti-Jewish laws. Lieser's assets and homes were "aryanized". Henriette Lieser was deported to Riga on 11 January 1942 and was killed there on 3 December 1943.
The portrait was acquired around 1960 and eventually passed to an anonymous Austrian citizen. The portrait was "rediscovered" in 2024 after the owner approached the im Kinsky auction house. The itinerary of the painting between 1925 and 1960 is unknown.
The painting was scheduled to be sold by im Kinsky in April 2024 by the current owner. William de Gelsey, who was aware of the painting and portrayed a member of his family, spent his entire life searching for it. Strikingly, the painting only resurfaced a year after his death, raising questions about whether its reappearance was deliberately timed. Gelsey died without heirs, and despite this, the painting was sold by the current owner with no direct legal successors from his lineage involved. The sale was conducted under the Washington Principles, as the painting’s ownership and history during the Nazi era remain unclear. On 24 April 2024, it was sold at auction in Vienna for €30 million.
| 2.59375 | 0 |
75924231
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philorthodox%20Society
|
Philorthodox Society
|
The discovery of a letter written by Georgios Kapodistrias to Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Gregory VI greatly troubled the British authorities. Who believed that members of the conspiracy had infiltrated the British controlled United States of the Ionian Islands and were planning to overthrow its government. Gregory VI had harshly criticized the influence exerted by Lutheran-Calvinist missionaries on its citizens and the changes to family law enacted in the states. The British exiled suspected members of the conspiracy to monasteries and desolate islands, cut off communication with Greece and enacted postal censorship. Gregory VI was eventually removed from his position by the Ottomans due to pressure exerted by British diplomats. The Philorthodox Society scandal gave fuel to rumors that the Greek state would destabilize the Balkans and caused damage to external trade. Otto was forced to publicly espouse irredentist policies, in order to stymie private initiatives which could lead to his dethronement. After the discovery of the plot, the Ottoman Empire augmented its garrisons in Thessaly.
Citations
| 2.28125 | 0 |
75924269
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porta%20Montanara%2C%20Rimini
|
Porta Montanara, Rimini
|
In the 15th century, the gate was incorporated into a series of houses, nicknamed the Red Houses (), that belonged to the House of Malatesta. A passage was built over the gate, and the closed arch was incorporated into the cellars of the Palazzo Turchi. It was through the gates of Porta Sant'Andrea that, on 17 June 1528, the troops of the Papal States entered Rimini, definitively ending Malatesta rule.
Modern history
With the arrival of the Cisalpine Republic in 1797, the gate was renamed to Porta Montanara () to remove its religious connotations. As also happened at the city's other gates, the upper floors of the gate were destroyed by the occupying French troops to house an artillery battery. In the 19th century, the narrowness of the gate led to significant bottlenecks for wagons entering or leaving the city, which were subject to customs checks while passing through. On 6 May 1876, the municipal government debated a motion to demolish the gate, leading some supporters to damage it prematurely with pickaxes. In 1891, it approved works to widen the surrounding area, recognising the arch as "a great embarrassment to free transit, and some peril to passers-by". The works did little to alleviate congestion, and the arch remained unpopular among local residents.
From 1916, the arch gave its name to a station on the Rimini–Novafeltria railway, Rimini Porta Montanara. The railway, which closed in 1960, skirted the ancient city walls before following the Marecchia to Verucchio and Mercantino Marecchia. The station building is still extant, but abandoned.
| 2.265625 | 0 |
75925019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Hill%20Mine
|
Silver Hill Mine
|
Zinc and Silver Mining Company
Following two years of closure, the mine was purchased by the Zinc and Silver Mining Company of New York in 1854 and renamed the Silver Hill Mine. By the late 1850s, it had fallen under the ownership of Franklin Osgood, a New York businessman who additionally owned the New Jersey–based Bergen Point Zinc Company. By 1860, many Irish and English immigrant miners had settled in the area, especially drawn from the mining districts of Cornwall. At least fourteen slaves worked at the mine, leased by the company from their owners.
Separators were planned to extract sphalerite from the ore, allowing for the elimination of zinc from smelting, but it is unknown if this process was ever implemented. By 1860, the company installed a second steam engine to power a series of buddles used for gravity separation. The East Shaft was expanded, with a diagonal shaft accessing both lodes at depths of 250 and 300 feet. Despite favorable ore concentrations at this depth, the mine likely entered a period of dormancy at some point prior to 1861.
Civil War era
| 2.578125 | 0 |
75925019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Hill%20Mine
|
Silver Hill Mine
|
Later operations
Without active pumping operations, the Silver Hill Mine flooded. Operated by the West Prussian Mining Company from 1898 to 1900, the mine was briefly drained and surveyed. The main incline shaft was enlarged and repaired, and some galena and sphalerite was produced. Following another closure in 1900, machinery at the site was sold or discarded, and the mine entered another period of abandonment. The portions of the mine above 350 feet in depth were again drained in 1909, and from 1909 to 1911 shipped several hundred tons of zinc concentrate from the site, alongside 225 tons of a lead, silver, and gold concentrate.
The mine was surveyed by the Bureau of Mines in the early 1940s, part of a larger portion to evaluate mineral resources important for production during the Second World War. In 1940, the Symonds West Shaft was retimbered, and the mine was drained to a depth of 250 feet. The Bertha Mineral Company, a subsidiary of New Jersey Zinc, drilled nineteen boreholes at the site during this period. Ultimately, no useful ore bodies were found and further exploration was discontinued.
The Tennessee Copper Company began extensive drilling efforts in the late 1950s, and announced the reopening of the mine in 1960. The Incline Shaft was expanded to a length of , reaching a depth of total. A large drift was dug at the shaft bottom for drilling. Although 3,000 tons of ore were extracted by the company, it was deemed economically unviable and operations again ceased.
The Canadian Niagara Capital Corporation invested in an evaluation of the mine in 1987, partnering with the Ohio-based Silver Hill Mines Inc. to lease the land from its owners, the Stevenson family. Evaluations concluded a mineral worth of at least 30 million dollars . Ore stockpiles at the site previously gathered by the Tennessee Copper Company were removed and processed, but no mining operations commenced.
| 2.453125 | 0 |
75925178
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuphar%20%C3%97%20spenneriana
|
Nuphar × spenneriana
|
Nuphar × spenneriana is a species of rhizomatous aquatic plant native to Europe. It is a natural hybrid of Nuphar lutea and Nuphar pumila.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nuphar × spenneriana is a perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic plant. The abaxial leaf surface has trichomes towards the leaf margin. The leaf has 15-22 primary nerves.
Generative characteristics
The androecium consists of 60-100 stamens. The stigmatic disc has 9-15 rays.
Cytology
The chromosome count is 2n = 34.
Reproduction
Generative reproduction
It is fertile, but the pollen may be less viable. Pollen fertility can reach 73%. However, it can also be as low as 14% in F1 hybrids. In another case, a female sterility rate of 80%, and a male sterility rate of 85% have been reported. The seeds grow more rapidly than those of the parent species.
Taxonomy
Publication
It was first described by Jean François Aimé Théophile Philippe Gaudin in 1828.
Natural hybridisation
It likely arose 10 000 years ago, when both parent species came into contact. Natural hybridisation is a threat to Nuphar pumila, one of the parent species, as the hybrid replaces populations of Nuphar pumila. In Eastern Europe and Asia observations of intermediate plants are rare. In Western Europe hybridisation appears to have played a more significant role.
Etymology
The nothospecific epithet spenneriana honours Fridolin Carl Leopold Spenner (1798-1841).
Ecology
Habitat
It occurs in rivers, lakes, streams, and pools.
| 2.734375 | 0 |
75925409
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus%20Yale
|
Theophilus Yale
|
Capt. Theophilus Yale married Sarah Street, daughter of Rev. Samuel Street, Harvard graduate and cofounder of Wallingford. Her grandfather Rev. Nicholas Street was a minister, colleague of John Davenport, and graduate of Pembroke College at Oxford. Through his wife Sarah Street, Yale became the granduncle of Dr. Lyman Hall, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Dr. Hall was also a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, a Yale graduate, and Governor of Georgia.
Capt. Yale's daughter Sarah became the great-grandmother of abolitionist Congressman Sherlock James Andrews, who also graduated from Yale. Capt. Yale's brother-in-law, John Peck, was the nephew of Rev. Jeremiah Peck, a founder of Newark, New Jersey, and first rector of Hopkins Grammar School, funded by Theophilus's granduncle, Gov. Edward Hopkins of England.
Among his descendants, number were involved in seafaring ventures; the grandson of his son Theophilus, Sea Captain Theophilus Yale, was involved in the Old China Trade, dealing in natural resources, and died at sea in Valparaiso, Chile. Relatives included Dr. John Graham of Wallingford, seaman Joseph Yale, his brother-in-law the sea captain Thomas Davis Winship, capt. Joseph Winship and sea captain Samuel Freeman. Capt. Thomas Winship was captured when serving aboard the brig General Armstrong under commander Samuel Chester Reid, who later helped design the Flag of the United States. He served as a Privateer in the War of 1812, serving America, and operated a whaling business with wholesale grocers Fitch Brothers & Co. of Marseille, France.
Death
Capt. Theophilus Yale died on September 13, 1760. His wife died at the home of her son-in-law named Joseph Hough, in Wallingford, on November 28, 1795, at 94 years of age. They had 7 children.
| 2.59375 | 0 |
75925852
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah%20DeGrasse
|
Isaiah DeGrasse
|
Isaiah George DeGrasse (July 19, 1813 – January 11, 1841) was an American minister in the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1836, he was the first African American to graduate from the University of Delaware.
Family
Born on July 19, 1813, in New York City, DeGrasse was a member of the affluent DeGrasse family. His biracial father, George deGrasse, was the presumed natural son of French admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse. Isaiah's mother, Maria van Surlee, had African and Dutch heritage. His younger brother, John van Salee de Grasse, was a respected physician and member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. His sister, Serena, wed Black restaurateur and civil rights activist George T. Downing. Isaiah's complexion was comparatively fair and reportedly indistinguishable from the complexions of many white classmates.
Education
Isaiah George DeGrasse attended the African Free School and attended Geneva College (now Hobart and William Smith Colleges) in upstate New York for three years. Although nearing completion of his studies, he transferred to the newly founded Newark College (now the University of Delaware) in Newark, Delaware. In 1836, he graduated after one semester, becoming one of the five members of the college's first graduating class. He was a member of the Delta Phi fraternity. DeGrasse went on to attend the all-white General Theological Seminary in New York City, where bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk pressured him to withdraw from the seminary on account of his race. DeGrasse duly withdrew and pursued private tutelage.
DeGrasse was probably the first African American to receive a degree from any flagship public university in the United States. The University of Delaware's second Black alumnus was Elbert C. Wisner, who received his bachelor's degree in 1952—more than a century after DeGrasse's graduation.
| 2.65625 | 0 |
75926011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Rafiqul%20Alam
|
Mohammad Rafiqul Alam
|
Mohammad Rafiqul Alam is a Bangladeshi academic and former vice-chancellor of the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology. He is the president of the Association of Universities of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bishwabidyalaya Parishad).
Early life
Alam was born in 1958 in Mariam Nagar, Rangunia, Chittagong District, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now in Rangunia Upazila, Bangladesh). His father was Abdul Hossian and his mother was Khairunessa. He did his bachelor's degree in electrical and electronic engineering at the Chittagong Engineering College (now Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology) in 1979. He did his master's degree in engineering and his PhD.
Career
Alam joined the Chittagong Engineering College in 1982 as a lecturer. He was promoted to assistant professor in 1986.
Alam served as the dean of the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. He is the president of the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Library Committee. Alam was promoted to associate professor in 2007.
In March 2013, Alam was appointed the pro-vice chancellor of the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology. He was the first pro-vice chancellor of the university since it was founded in 2003.
On 27 April 2016, Alam was appointed the vice-chancellor of the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology. He was reappointed vice-chancellor of the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology in August 2020. He is the president of the Association of Universities of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bishwabidyalaya Parishad), a grouping of vice-chancellors of vice-chancellors of public universities in Bangladesh.
Alam voiced support for the re-election of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina at an event of the Bangladesh Chhatra League at the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology in October 2023. He said Islam was the "perfect way of life" at an event marking the birth of the Islamic prophet Mohammad at the Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology.
| 2.140625 | 0 |
75926242
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mu%E1%B9%A3awwir
|
Al-Muṣawwir
|
Al-Muṣawwir or Muṣawwir (Arabic: المصور) is one of the names of God (Allah) in Islam, meaning "The Shaper," "The Bestower of Forms," or "The Fashioner." This appellation signifies that God is the Creator of all things, meticulously shaping and arranging everything in accordance with His wisdom. It emphasizes the islamic belief about God's role as the ultimate Architect, skillfully crafting every aspect of existence with profound wisdom and precision. This name also signifies the muslim belief of God's profound ability to shape things precisely as He desires, whenever He chooses to do so. It underscores His unlimited capacity to mold and design the universe and what is in it according to His will at any given moment. Lastly, this name underscores that God, in Islam, is the creator of a rich array of forms, encomposing contrasts in size, beauty, gender, and every facet of existence. It highlights His pivotal role as the shaper of each individual, intricately molding the development of infants within their mother's wombs.
Al-Muṣawwir in the Quran
(هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُ ٱلْبَارِئُ ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ)
(هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَوِّرُكُمْ فِي الأَرْحَامِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ لا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ)
| 1.984375 | 0 |
75926502
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senkpa-Mba%C3%A9r%C3%A9
|
Senkpa-Mbaéré
|
Senkpa-Mbaéré is a sub-prefecture in the Central African Republic. It extends south of the town of Carnot, and takes its name from the Mbaéré river, a tributary of the Lobaye.
Geography
The commune of Senkpa-Mbaéré is located in the east of the prefecture of Mambéré.
History
Before 2020, the commune was in the prefecture of Mambéré-Kadéï. Senkpa-Mbaéré became a sub-prefecture following the administrative reform at the end of 2020.
Villages
The main villages of the commune are: Koumbé, Kamba, Boudoua, Kanga-Barc, Mboula, Kamanga, Malbeve, and Mbatamalé. In the countryside, the commune has 35 villages recorded in 2003: Barka-Bac, Boudoua, Bourdil, Dengbe, Djingando, Dondi-Nord, Gbago, Gboyo-Beya, Guembe, Kamanga, Kamba, Kanga-Bac, Kankele 1, Kankele 2, Kolou, Koumbe, Kpama, Mambeve, Mbaere, Mbatamale, Mboula Centre, Mekongo, Ndourou, Ngoungou, Pakanza, Panga 1, Panga 2, Panga 3, Ribozo, Songuene, Tengue, Votovo, Wamini, Wanyale, Zaoro-Dana.
Education
The commune has 4 public schools in Kamba, Dengbe, Mboula, and Panga, as well as one private school: Sainte Famille associated Catholic school in Mboula.
| 1.90625 | 0 |
75926631
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert%20Benecke
|
Norbert Benecke
|
Norbert Benecke (born 22 March 1954 in Osterburg, Germany) is a German archaeozoologist.
Academic history
Norbert Benecke studied biology at the Universität Halle from 1974 through 1978. In that latter year, he was awarded the title Diplom-Biologe.
In 1979, he became a "scientific worker" (wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter) at the Zentralinstitut für Alte Geschichte und Archäologie of the Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR.
Benecke received his doctorate in 1984 in Berlin on faunal remains at the early Medieval settlement of Ralswiek on the island of Rügen.
Starting in 1992, he was Docent for archaeozoology (Referent für Archäozoologie) at the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) in Berlin, and from 2003 until retiring in 2020, he was the Director of the Natural Sciences Department at the DAI.
Benecke's foci are on the use of the animal world in various ecosystems during the Neolithic through the Iron Age as well as animal domestication.
Publications
Die Entwicklung der Haustierhaltung im südlichen Ostseeraum. Museum für Ur- u. Frühgeschichte Thüringens, Weimar 1986 (= Beiträge zur Archäozoologie 5, = Weimarer Monographien zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte 18).
Der Mensch und seine Haustiere. Die Geschichte einer jahrtausendealten Beziehung. Theiss, Stuttgart 1994 ISBN 3-8062-1105-1.
| 2.0625 | 0 |
75926970
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentilla%20versicolor
|
Potentilla versicolor
|
Potentilla versicolor is a species of Potentilla known by the common name Steens Mountain cinquefoil or varying cinquefoil.
It is native to western North America, with populations scattered from the Ruby Mountains of northern Nevada north to the Wallowa and Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon and west to the Oregon Cascades. The largest population center is on Steens Mountain, whence its common name.
Description
Potentilla versicolor is a herbaceous perennial or near-subshrub growing from a thick taproot or woody caudex. Its leaves are pinnately compound, with the leaflets deeply palmately divided, and may be covered in sparse, soft hairs. The exact shape of the leaf and the degree of hairiness can vary substantially between early-season leaves and those produced later in the year. The inflorescences are cymose, 15–25 cm long, and usually bear 3-10 flowers. Like most Potentilla species, its flowers have five bright yellow petals, 15 stamens, and numerous separate pistils, and are adapted for generalist pollination. Each flower produces a cluster of achenes if successfully pollinated.
Two varieties of P. versicolor are known. P. versicolor var. versicolor is widespread and occupies a range of granitic to basaltic substrates. P. versicolor var. darrachii, which has longer, narrower leaves with more leaflets and relatively stubbier petioles than var. versicolor, is found only on serpentine soils in the Strawberry and Greenhorn Mountains of northeast Oregon.
Habitat and ecology
The plants are found in high-montane to alpine meadows. They prefer seasonally-wet habitats with little competition for sunlight, such as rocky meadows and rock crevices, and are often found near streams and in snowmelt areas. They range in altitude from . The species is frequently found with Potentilla breweri, with which it apparently hybridizes and intergrades; the two species can be distinguished by P. breweri's tomentose leaves.
| 2.21875 | 0 |
75927128
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese%20conquest%20of%20Tangier
|
Portuguese conquest of Tangier
|
The Portuguese conquest of Tangier (Portuguese: Conquista de Tânger) from the Wattasid dynasty, was a campaign that took place on 28 August 1471 by Portuguese forces under the order of King Afonso V, surnamed the African.
Background
The Portuguese began their overseas expansion with the conquest of Ceuta in 1415. Since then, they had conquered more cities in North Africa, such as, Ksar es-Seghir (1458), Anfa (1471) and Asilah (1471). These conquests, allowed Portugal to go further into Muslim territory, sacking and raiding villages, which brought much profit.
Long before 1471, the Portuguese already intended to take Tangier, having previously launched some attacks in an attempt to conquer the city. The famous disaster of Tangier, in 1437, was one of these attempts led by Prince Henry, the same man who began the Age of Discovery.
On the other hand, Morocco was under serious political and internal conflicts, which made it harder to fight the Portuguese threat.
The Conquest
Shortly after the conquest of Asilah by the Portuguese, Afonso V ordered Dom João, who was probably the son of the Duke of Bragança, to take Tangier.
The citizens of Tangier believed support from Muhammad al-Shaikh, the governor of Asilah, would come to assist in repelling the invading Portuguese army. However, involved in his ongoing conflict with the governor of Fez, al-Shaikh opted to sign a treaty with the Portuguese, allowing them to enter Tangier unopposed.
Fearing the same fate as Asilah, where 2,000 residents were killed and more 5,000 sold into captivity, the civilians of Tangier fled the city.
Aftermath
Dom João nominated the first captain of Tangier to be Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, who took office with a garrison after the Marquis had left with the remainder of his troops. The number of Portuguese soldiers in Tangier in 1471 numbered 40 horsemen; 470 infantry, of which 130 were crossbowmen; 10 gunners, 6 scouts.
| 2.890625 | 0 |
75928348
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20New%20England%20Revolution%20managers
|
List of New England Revolution managers
|
The New England Revolution is a soccer team based in Foxborough, Massachusetts, that competes in Major League Soccer (MLS), the first-division league in the United States. The club began play in 1996 as one of ten original MLS teams. The Revolution have had nine permanent managers, with four interim managers (not including those who later served full-time as the manager).
The longest-serving manager is Steve Nicol, who was in charge for 330 league and playoff matches over two stints, with the longest being a ten-season run from May 2002 to October 2011. He is the most successful Revolution manager in terms of honors won, having led the team to a US Open Cup win in 2007 and a SuperLiga win in 2008; during his tenure the Revolution also made four unsuccessful trips to the MLS Cup final. The shortest-serving permanent manager (excluding the current one) is Frank Stapleton, who stepped down after the club's inaugural season. The current manager is Caleb Porter, who was hired after the 2023 season.
Managerial history
Early managers struggle to find success (1996–2002)
| 2.203125 | 0 |
75928497
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism%20against%20Native%20Americans%20in%20the%20United%20States
|
Racism against Native Americans in the United States
|
Both during and after the colonial era in American history, white settlers engaged in prolonged conflicts with Native Americans in the United States, seeking to displace them and seize their lands, resulting in American enslavement and forced assimilation into settler culture. The 19th century witnessed a surge in efforts to forcibly remove certain Native American nations, while those who remained faced systemic racism at the hands of the federal government. Ideologies like Manifest destiny justified the violent expansion westward, leading to the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and armed clashes.
The dehumanization and demonization of Native Americans, epitomized in the United States Declaration of Independence, underscored a pervasive attitude that underpinned colonial and post-colonial policies. Historical events such as the California genocide, American Indian Wars, and the forced removal of the Navajos reflected the deep-seated racism and violence which were both ingrained in American expansionism, perpetuating a legacy of suffering, forced displacement, and death among indigenous peoples.
Today, despite legal recognition of their formal equality, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders grapple with economic disparities and disproportionately high rates of health issues, including alcoholism, depression, and suicide. Native Americans face a higher likelihood of being killed in police encounters than any other racial or ethnic group. Native Americans are overrepresented and receive harsher sentences in the criminal justice system, and experience severe disparities in health and healthcare. Racism, oppression, and discrimination persist, fueling a crisis of violence against Native Americans, compounded by societal indifference.
Background
| 2.984375 | 0 |
75929570
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auwalu%20Abdullahi%20Rano
|
Auwalu Abdullahi Rano
|
Auwalu Abdullahi Rano (born 7 February 1974), also known as AA Rano, is a businessman from Nigeria. He founded AA Rano Nigeria Limited, a company involved in various industries including oil and gas, airlines, and agriculture.
Rano is from the Rano Local Government Area of Kano South, in the northern part of Nigeria. His net worth is estimated to be 3 US dollars.
Early life
Rano was born in Lausu town in the Rano Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. He is a member of the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. His business career began with the sale of ice blocks, groundnut oil, and other local items.
Philanthropy
AA Rano established the AA Rano Foundation, a non-governmental and non-profit organisation. The foundation carries out community development projects in areas such as health, education, water provision, and empowerment initiatives for youth and women.
Recognition
The Nigerian government awarded him the national honour of Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON).
In 2021, he received the title of The Sun Industrialist of the Year.
| 2.125 | 0 |
75929885
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansi%20Neumann%20flight
|
Hansi Neumann flight
|
The Hansi Neumann flight was the first flight to evacuate refugee children from Prague, Czechoslovakia, to Croydon, England, in January 1939, in the lead up to the Second World War. Part of the Czech kindertransport, it was completed in a Dutch Douglas aircraft of KLM, and organised by the Barbican Mission to Jewish People and the British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia (BCRC). Around 18 Jewish children were on the flight.
News of the flight was covered by journalists and photographers at the time. A two and a half minute film was taken of the departure by Julius Jonak of Universal News. Images of the BCRC's Nicholas Winton and the child Hansi at the airport, inspired a memorial later placed at the main railway station, Prague.
Background
In the lead up to the Second World War, the Barbican Mission to Jewish People and the British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia (BCRC), organised flights to evacuate mostly Jewish children from Prague to England, part of the Czech kindertransport. The first of these flights was one of two Dutch Douglas aircraft of KLM, made available in January 1939.
| 2.140625 | 0 |
75930068
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina%20Fernandes
|
Regina Fernandes
|
Regina Fernandes (16 November 1880 – 20 December 1908) was a Portuguese theatre actress known as the first lady of the Konkani stage. The wife of Goan playwright João Agostinho Fernandes, she first took to the stage at the age of 24 in her husband's theatro Batcara (The Landlord), which was staged at Gaiety Theatre in Bombay on 22 November 1904.
Theatrical career
Before the year 1904, it was not uncommon for male actors to take on female roles on the theatrical stage. These performers would meticulously transform themselves into women, employing elaborate costumes, makeup, and vocal techniques to convincingly portray female characters. In some instances, these portrayals were so flawless that audience members were unable to discern the actors' true gender. However, on 22 November 1904, a significant shift occurred when playwright Pai Tiatrist, described as a forward-thinking individual with a broad vision and deep respect for women's capabilities, introduced his young wife Fernandes to the stage. Even the Marathi theatre had yet to showcase female actresses at that time. Wilson Mazarello, a Konkani historian and singer, described Pai Tiatrist's decision as a courageous step, as it challenged the prevailing societal norms in Goa, where families generally disapproved of their sons' involvement in tiatrs, or theatrical performances.
| 2.046875 | 0 |
75930433
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrey%20Square
|
Surrey Square
|
Surrey Square is a garden square in Walworth in the London Borough of Southwark. Located just off the Old Kent Road it was laid out in the 1790s to designs by the architect Michael Searles, who also oversaw the nearby Paragon at what is now Bricklayers Arms. The square takes its name from the county of Surrey in which Walworth was traditionally located. When built it would have been semi-rural and designed to provide upmarket housing for the expanding population of the capital. Within two years of the first stone being laid in 1792 it was fully occupied. Amongst notable early residents was the painter Samuel Palmer who was born there in 1805.
While northern side of the square was filled with terraced housing, the other three were initially open spaces. They were slowly filled with individual houses and All Saints Church. The square, already oblong-shaped came to and less and less resemble a traditional square as more buildings were added to fill up the middle section, part of which is now known as Surrey Square Park. Surrey Square Primary School is located on the northern side.
| 2.28125 | 0 |
75930688
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra%20Paalman
|
Fra Paalman
|
Education
Paalman studied 'Publicity and Graphic Design' at the AKI Academy for Art and Design in Enschede (1962–66). Here he was taught by, among others, Hans Ebeling Koning, Philip Kouwen, Wim van Stek and Geert Voskamp, who were important sources of inspiration for him. They encouraged him to explore different pathways. By consequence, Paalman bought a 6 x 6 medium format photo camera and started taking photographs, and he was often found in the graphic workshop experimenting with various printing techniques. Together with fellow student Wim Rijnveld, he made several remarkable booklets, such as "A246-NO399/BOEM". They were enthusiastically received by director Arie Middelhoek and later seen as representative of work created by students in this period. In 1965, Paalman en Rijnveld did an internship at De la Mar in Amsterdam, one of the main advertising agencies in the Netherlands. At the same time, Paalman followed the 'Advertising Assistant' course through the Leiden Educational Institutions (), to gain additional knowledge and skills regarding visual communication.
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75930892
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival%20Challenge
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Survival Challenge
|
Survival Challenge is a computer-moderated, science fiction play-by-mail (PBM) game. It was published by Mindgate in 1987. Players role-played customizable characters attempting to escape an alien planet with 19 other players. Game turns encompassed a 24-hour period and players had to survive 15 days to escape the planet. The most important part of the game was determining at the outset what equipment to carry and approach to take during play. It received multiple reviews in gaming magazines in 1988, praising its premise and noting its simplicity. One reviewer thought it too simple for serious gamers.
History and development
Survival Challenge was a computer moderated, science fiction PBM game of survival published by Mindgate of Sacramento, CA. David Peterson was Mindgate's owner and gamemaster, which also published the PBM game Stars of the Dark Well. The company announced the game's launch in the March–April 1987 issue of Paper Mayhem. It announced in the July–August 1989 issue that it was ending play to focus on Stars of the Dark Well.
Gameplay
Players role-played a customizable character trying to survive on an alien planet. There were up to 15 players per game. Each turn equaled one day. Gameplay occurred on a hex map. The purpose was to make it through 15 days and escape the planet. Players could also compete among each other through the game's point system.
Players determined at the outset what items to carry from a list of 33 (twenty kilograms max). These included food, water, weapons, and various types of survival gear. These initial choices were the most important part of the game.
Three general approaches were available to players: "total defensive, allied offensive, or lone offensive". Players had ten possible actions. These included do "First Aid", "Get" items, "Hunt", "Move", "Scan", "Sleep", "Track", and others. Combat among players was possible.
| 2.140625 | 0 |
75931128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores%20Sea%20sunbird
|
Flores Sea sunbird
|
The Flores Sea sunbird (Cinnyris teysmanni) is a species of bird in the sunbird family Nectariniidae that is found on several small islands in the Flores Sea. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the olive-backed sunbird, now renamed the garden sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis).
Taxonomy
The Flores Sea sunbird was formally described in 1893 by the Swiss zoologist Johann Büttikofer based on a specimen that had been collected by the Dutch botanist Johannes Elias Teijsmann. Büttikofer placed it with the sunbirds in the genus Cinnyris and coined the binomial name Cinnyris teysmanni where the specific epithet was chosen to honour the collector. Büttikofer believed that his specimen had been obtained near the port of Makassar in Sulawesi but this was an error as this species does not occur there and in 1896 the German orthithologist Ernst Hartert designated the island of Tanah Jampea in the Flores Sea as the type locality. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the olive-backed sunbird (renamed as the garden sunbird) (Cinnyris jugularis) but is now treated as a separate species based on the difference in plumage. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
Description
The Flores Sea sunbird is in length. The male weighs , the female . The species is sexual dimorphic. The male is brownish above, the remiges are black with green edging and the black tail has a white tip. The throat, is dark purple of purple-green with green at the sides. Below the throat patch is a dark chestnut or maroon band. The underparts are black with a purple gloss. The iris is dark brown and the legs are black. The female is greenish-olive above, pale yellow below and has a yellow . The Flores Sea sunbird can be distinguished from the other members of the olive-backed sunbird complex by the male having brown rather than olive-green upperparts and black rather than yellow underparts.
| 2.5 | 0 |
75931154
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEDOK
|
GEDOK
|
Postwar
Shortly after the Second World War, the first GEDOK groups came together again: in Stuttgart in 1945, in Hanover, Mannheim and Hamburg in 1946, in Cologne in 1947 and in Heidelberg in 1948. In 1948, the federal association GEDOK was newly formed. The first constituent meeting took place in Anna Maria Darboven's house in Hamburg on the initiative of Marianne Gärtner, Ida Dehmel's niece. In 2010, the "Austrian Section" disbanded until further notice. In 1990, after reunification, further regional groups were founded in the new federal states, including GEDOK Brandenburg, GEDOK Central Germany in Leipzig and GEDOK Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, so that today the association with its 23 regional groups forms a functioning network.
Board of Directors
The Federal Association GEDOK e.V. is based in Bonn (Haus der Kultur), where its office is also located. The narrower board within the overall board with representatives of the artists and art patrons consists of the president, the first deputy chairwoman, the second deputy chairwoman, the treasurer and the secretary. Ulrike Rosenbach served as President of GEDOK from 2012 to 2018. Her successor was Ursula Toyka-Fuong. Béatrice Porthoff was elected to this office in October 2022.
Non-profit status and admission requirements
The association is recognized as a non-profit organization. The members work on a voluntary basis. The association obtains its financial resources from contributions and donations as well as project-related grants. A special feature is that not only artists from all sections, but also art-promoting members are accepted. Admission to the association is via the regional groups. For female artists, a university degree is desirable, but qualified self-taught artists can also apply. An expert jury in the regional groups decides on the admission of female artists.
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75931225
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20Carlos%20Manuel%20de%20C%C3%A9spedes
|
Order of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
|
The Order of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes is a decoration of the Republic of Cuba. It is named in honor of Cuban military commander and independence leader Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (1819–1874).
1926–1978
With the name of the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes National Order of Merit, it was created by Presidential Decree No. 486 of Gerardo Machado, on April 18, 1926. It was awarded as a reward for services rendered to the country by nationals or foreigners in the exercise of diplomatic positions or other eminent services provided to Cuba and humanity. It was established as an order of which the Master, and therefore the person authorized to grant it, was the President of the Republic; the Secretary of State was the Chancellor and the Undersecretary of State was the Vice Chancellor.
The ranks of the order were:
Grand Cross (only for the President and heads of foreign States);
Grand Cross of the second degree (for Secretary of State and foreign Ministers of Foreign Affairs);
Grand Officer (for Undersecretaries of States and Extraordinary Envoys or Plenipotentiary Ministers);
Commander (for Councilors, First Secretaries of embassy and legation with five years of service);
Official (for first secretaries of embassy or legation and commercial attachés);
Knight or Lady (for second secretaries of embassy or legation, third secretaries and diplomatic attachés).
| 2.265625 | 0 |
75931225
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20Carlos%20Manuel%20de%20C%C3%A9spedes
|
Order of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
|
There was also a necklace of the order, for ceremonial use by the president in office from 1955 onwards, which was made by the Vilardebó y Riera goldsmithing house – which made many other national decorations – and which was later lost. The medal of the order consisted of the effigy of Céspedes in a circular gold medallion surrounded by a blue enamel band with the name of the hero and the year of the Demajagua uprising, 1868. Around it was a garland with four stars. which represent the four states into which the republic was divided in 1868: Oriente, Camagüey, Las Villas and Occidente and emerging from this ten rayed acanthus leaves that represent the tenth month of the year (October, month of the uprising). On the obverse the national coat of arms of Cuba appears on white enamel. The medal hangs from a navy blue moiré ribbon. Ten rays aligned with the acanthus are added to the Great Cross, five smooth and five diamond-shaped.
At this time the government only handed out the diploma of the order, the medal had to be paid for by the winner.
In 1959, after the communist Cuban Revolution, all awards to Cuban citizens and institutions made by ousted President Fulgencio Batista were annulled and all those decorated were examined to expel those considered unworthy. In 1960, the Venezuelan Ignacio Luis Arcaya, known as the "Chancellor of Dignity", was awarded.
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75931255
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monuments%20of%20Verona
|
Monuments of Verona
|
Among the towers of special significance in Verona are:
San Zeno Abbey Tower, a solid, tall crenellated brick tower built in two phases in the 12th century that was part of the San Zeno Abbey. Inside are fine frescoes from the late 13th century, including a particularly famous one in which a procession pays homage to a seated figure on a throne;
Torre del Gardello is a tall brick building located a few steps from Piazza Erbe, next to Palazzo Maffei. It was built in the 12th century and in the following century was equipped with the city's oldest bell clock, a tribute from the Lord of Verona Cansignorio della Scala, whose chimes began to regulate the public and private affairs of the people of Verona. Today the bell is on display at the Castelvecchio Museum;
Torre dei Lamberti, built in the 12th century and rebuilt several times until it became the tallest tower in the city, is part of the Palazzo della Ragione complex. In 1295 two bells were installed there that still stand today, the Marangona, which rang the hour of the end of the craftsmen's work and sounded the alarm in case of fires, and the Rengo, which gathered the city council or called the citizens to arms in case of need.
Theaters
| 2.03125 | 0 |
75931255
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monuments%20of%20Verona
|
Monuments of Verona
|
Verona Arena The Arena is a Roman amphitheater, now located in the center of the city, in the elegant Piazza Bra, although when it was built, in the 1st century, it was located just outside the city walls. It is the monument that more than any other recalls Verona's Roman origins, so much so that it has become a symbol of the Veneto town throughout the world, along with the figures of Romeo and Juliet. It is one of the great buildings that have characterized Roman architecture and one of the ancient amphitheaters that has come down to us with the best degree of preservation, owing to the systematic restorations carried out since the 16th century; for this very reason, despite the many transformations it has undergone, it allows the visitor to be able to easily understand the structure of this kind of building, strictly subject to the function for which it was intended but nonetheless endowed with an essential beauty. Due to its capacity of 22,000 spectators (which in Roman times even reached 30,000 seats, as it was not the stage, which occupies about a third of the seats, and due to the presence of the portico at the highest part of the cavea), in the summer season it hosts the famous Arenian opera festival, whose seasons have been held continuously since 1913, while in the spring and autumn seasons it is a stage for many international singers and musicians. In the past, however, it hosted not only gladiatorial fights and Roman-era shows, but also tournaments and jousts of chivalry, ballets, circuses, plays and even bullfights.
| 2.265625 | 0 |
75931255
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monuments%20of%20Verona
|
Monuments of Verona
|
Roman theater The Roman theater is an open-air theater built in the first century B.C. at the foot of San Pietro Hill, on the left bank of the Adige River. It was part of a plan to monumentalize the entire hill, which became a large urban scene on several levels: along the river bank was the theater building, enclosed on both sides by the lapideus and marmoreus bridges; along the slope were several orders of terraces; and finally at the top of the hill was a Roman temple, the remains of which were discovered during some work at castel San Pietro. During the Middle Ages the building fell into disuse and thus into disrepair, so much so that on its remains a whole neighborhood arose that exploited the structure of the theater itself as a foundation, of which the church of Saints Siro and Libera still remains as evidence. The other buildings were demolished in the 19th century during archaeological excavations and the restitution of the complex that took place thanks to the work of Andrea Monga, a wealthy merchant who dabbled in archaeology. In 1904 the area was finally bought by the municipal administration, which continued the archaeological excavation work until 1914. Under the direction of Antonio Avena, the exhibition itinerary of the city's archaeological museum of the same name was transferred to the large monumental complex, which after restoration shows one of the best-preserved theaters in northern Italy. During the summer season, the building is still used as a theatrical space, and hosts the so-called Veronese theater summer, whose editions have been held continuously since 1948.
| 2.65625 | 0 |
75931269
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Genss
|
Julius Genss
|
In 1941, the collection was confiscated by the "Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg", which systematically plundered Jewish cultural treasures in Eastern Europe. It was only thanks to the commitment of one individual that three dozen sheets from this collection were preserved and came to Munich with granddaughter Julia Gens. Julius Genss had a professor from his home town of Tartu to thank for the fact that some of it could be saved at all. His daughter Inna Gens recalls in an interview with Deutsche Welle: "Paul Ariste had worked in the Rosenberg task force. He was always stealing things there and took a piece of my father's Jewish graphics collection home with him. When we came back, he was kind enough to give it back to us."
The role of Paul Ariste (then Paul Arriste) was not always positive. According to ERR reports (#61432592 page: 208) quote: "...mainly on the basis of the information provided by the university lecturer Dr. Arriste, the following apparently definitive statements were made about the current whereabouts of the library of the Jew Genss:..."
In 2012, fragments of the Julius Genss collection were shown as part of an exhibition "Jews 45/90" (July 2012 - January 2013) at the Jewish Museum Munich. It was a very special experience for Inna Gens: "My father studied here in Munich. I could never have imagined that an exhibition like this could be organized in Germany. That makes me very happy, of course."
An investigation suggested that the looted collection might be in Belarus.
| 2.21875 | 0 |
75931615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Mannaberg
|
Julius Mannaberg
|
Gyula Mannaberg, in German: Julius Mannaberg (Pest, 9 May 1860 – Vienna, 17 August 1941) was a Hungarian physician and researcher of Jewish heritage, and cousin of Rózsi Mannaberg (1895–1986), a pianist.
Life
Mannaberg was born the son of Mihály Mannaberg (1829–1903), a merchant, and Róza Gutman (1830–1904). Between 1870 and 1878, he studied at the Royal Hungarian Teacher Training Institute's Practical High School. He continued his studies at the University of Vienna, where he was awarded a doctorate in medical sciences in 1884. His first job was in the dermatology department headed by Mór Kaposi. In 1891 he became assistant to the world famous internist Hermann Nothnagel. In 1890, he was awarded an Oppolzer Fellowship and was commissioned to detect the causative agent of malaria and to study the infection. He published a report on his research in 1893. He wrote the introduction and a chapter on bacteria for Nothangel's work on intestinal diseases, published in 1898. In March 1902, he was made an extraordinary professor by the University of Vienna, and in 1909 he became a member of the Supreme Medical Council. In the book Urologie by Frisch and Otto Zuckerkandl, he wrote the chapter on "Diseases of the kidneys and renal pelvis". In 1912 he was appointed deputy director of the Polyclinic, and after 1918 he was appointed director. In 1921 he presented a new clinical picture called 'Stenonephrie', in which he dealt with internal changes in the kidney. He was also concerned with the effects of hypertension on the internal secretory glands. He retired in 1930. His grave is in the Döbling cemetery.
He wrote articles on medical bacteriology for the Prague Vierteljahrschrift für Dermatologie (1887. Über die Mikroorganismen der normale Urethra sat.), the Zeitschrift für klinische Medicin (XVIII. Zur Aetiologie des Morbus Brightii sat.), and the Centralblatt für klinische Medicin (1891. Beiträge zur Morphologie des Plasmodium malariae tertianae) and other publications and was translated into English.
| 2.609375 | 0 |
75931844
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20E.%20Ashe%20Lee
|
Mary E. Ashe Lee
|
Mary Elizabeth Ashe Lee (12 January 1851 – 22 January 1932) was an African-American writer, educator, and churchwoman.
Personal life
Mary Elizabeth Ashe was born in Mobile, Alabama on 12 January 1851, the daughter of Simon S. and Adelia M. Ashe. Her parents were comfortably off, and her father was prominent in business. In 1860 he purchased a farm in Ohio, near to Wilberforce University, where the family settled.
Mary graduated in science in 1873, alongside classmates including Hallie Quinn Brown. Recognised for her skill in writing, Ashe was appointed to write a "class ode", the first in the history of Wilberforce. Following graduation, she taught in public schools in Galveston, Texas, having previously taught two years in Mobile.
On 30 December 1872, Mary married Benjamin F. Lee, Professor of Pastoral Theology at Wilberforce, and later its president. He became Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. The couple had six children. Mary E. Ashe Lee was involved with the Ladies' Christian Union Association, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and the Women's Mite Missionary Society.
Lee died on 22 January 1932, and was buried in Stevenson Cemetery, Wilberforce, Ohio.
Writing
Mary E. Ashe Lee contributed several articles to the Christian Recorder and to the A.M.E. Quarterly Review. She also edited a column in Ringwood's Journal, a fashion paper, called the "King's Daughters' Column". In 1892, she was elected vice president of the journal.
| 2.46875 | 0 |
75932469
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evynnis%20tumifrons
|
Evynnis tumifrons
|
Evynnis tumifrons, the yellowback seabream, crimson seabream, goldentail or red seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean off the coasts of East Asia. This species is an important food fish in the East China Sea and Japan.
Taxonomy
Evynnis tumifrons was first formally described as Chrysophrys tumifrons in 1843 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck and the German zoologist Hermann Schlegel with its type locality given as Japan. In 1931 the Japanese ichthyologist Shigeho Tanaka renamed Chrysophrys cardinalis, also described by Temminck and Schegel, as Evyniis japonica because Sparus cardinalis had been named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1802. Temminck and Schlegel had used two types in their description of C. tumifrons and the larger of the two was shown to be an example of E. japonica while the smaller is a specimen of Dentex hypselosomus, so Tanaka's E. japonica is a junior synonym of Chrysophrys tumifrons. The genus Evynnis is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World. Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.
Etymology
Evynnis tumifrons has the specific name tumifrons which combines tumis, meaning a "swelling", with frons meaning "front" or "forehead", an allusion to the bulge close to the eyes, especially prominent in larger specimens.
| 2.359375 | 0 |
75932469
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evynnis%20tumifrons
|
Evynnis tumifrons
|
Biology
Evynnis tumifrons is a predatory species, a study in the East China Sea found that it fed mainly on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. The most common species preyed on were the krill species Euphausia pacifica, the toothfish Champsodon snyderi, the Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) and prawns in the genus Solenocera. The juveniles live as either solitary fish or in schools and these differ in food preferences, the solitary fish preferred to feed on gammarids and caprelloids and copepods, while the schooling juveniles fish fed mainly on copepods, annelids and marine water fleas.
The yellowback seabream is a protogynous hermaphrodite the change of sex occurs at around four years old in the East China Sea. In the East China Sea there are two spawning seasons, one in the spring and another in the autumn. In the Sea of Japan this species is thought to spawn in April and May and again in August and September.
Fisheries
Evynnis tumifrons is an important food fish, particularly in the East China Sea where it is caught using trawling. In Wakasa Bay, Japan, this species is caught using Danish seine nets and long lines and is an important part of the fishery.
| 3.15625 | 0 |
75932901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad%20Rabad%C3%A1n
|
Muḥammad Rabadán
|
Muḥammad Rabadán (fl. c. 1600) was an Aragonese Morisco, noted for writing Discurso de la luz de Muhamad ('discourse of the light of Muḥammad'), the principal Spanish-language Muslim account of the lives of the Islamic prophets.
Discurso de la luz de Muhamad
Rabadán's Discurso de la luz de Muhamad begins with a canto praising God as the creator of all; the second canto tells of Adam, Iblīs, Noah and Abraham. Subsequent cantos recount the lives of all the Jewish prophets as far as Jesus (including Jesus himself), and Arab prophets as far as Muḥammad. The life Muḥammad himself is told across five cantos, concluding with his death. The work closes by listing the ninety-nine names of Allāh, explaining each in Spanish. The text was a major influence on the understanding of Islam of the eighteenth-century English historian Joseph Morgan.
Other works
Rabadán has been identified as the author of a sixteenth-century Spanish poem recounting a hajj, "Coplas del peregrino de Puey Monçón". Twenty-first-century scholarship regarded the attribution as unlikely, however.
Editions
The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan of Arragon, ed. by H. E. J. Stanley (Brentford: Austin, 1867).
| 2.578125 | 0 |
75933071
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basile%20High%20School
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Basile High School
|
In 2011, Basile was one of only 36 high schools in Louisiana that met the full requirements of the Louisiana Promise initiative, including having an 80% graduation rate and improving by 10%.
In 2018, Black students were 1.6 times more likely to be disciplined than White students. While 24% of the student body was non-White, the composition of the gifted and talented programs were 100% White.
Ms. Madelyn Miller, who had previously served as assistant principal, was named interim principal in 1995 becoming the first female and first Black person to hold the office at Basile High School.
BHS Band
The Basile High School band was organized in 1938 with Ms. Belle Cox as band director. The band's first uniforms were simple red capes lined with white satin and were created by the school's home economics department. Traditionally, the band marches in the Cotton Festival parade in Ville Platte, the Swine Festival parade in Basile, as well as local Christmas and Mardi Gras parades.
Athletics
The Basile Bearcats compete in Class 1A of the LHSAA.
The school's original colors were scarlet and white, however, by the 1950s this had changed to the modern red and white school colors. Basile had no official mascot in its earliest days. According to an article in the local newspaper, an open contest was held sometime in the late 1930s to select a school mascot. The final two choices were "Phantoms" and "Bearcats". Students allegedly chose the "Bearcats" because of the popularity of a semi-professional baseball team called the Houston Bearcats. Today, while even the official Basile High School website and much of the artwork around the school depicts the Bearcat mascot as a fierce, almost Black panther-like creature, the actual "bearcat," or binturong, is a member of the mongoose family.
The wrestling team won the Louisiana state championship in 1991, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022.
In 1950, BHS won the Louisiana 6 man football state championship.
| 2.765625 | 0 |
75933238
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Krappe
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Ernst Krappe
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Ernst Krappe (31 October 1891 – 12 May 1977) was a German lawyer, economics expert and Nazi Party politician who served as the chairman of the State Presidency of the Free State of Lippe in 1933.
Early life
Krappe was born in Soest and graduated from the Gymnasium in Minden. He then studied law, political science and economics at the University of Lausanne, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1914, he passed the Referendar state examination and began working as an apprentice lawyer. At the outbreak of the First World War, he joined the Imperial German Army in August 1914, first seeing combat with a field artillery unit and then becoming an Ordonnanz (orderly officer) with Artillery Command 232. He served on both the western and eastern fronts, and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class.
After the end of the war, Krappe resumed his legal studies. In 1920, he received a Doctor of Law degree from the University of Breslau (today, the University of Wrocław). Passage of the Assessor examination followed in 1921. Between 1921 and 1929, Krappe worked as an administrative lawyer in the Reich Finance Administration in Minden, Paderborn and Herford. On 1 November 1929, he became a Regierungsrat (government councilor) and was appointed as head of the tax office in Lemgo.
Nazi Party and political career
In 1929, Krappe joined the Nazi Party. In 1931, he became the Gau economics advisor in Gau Westphalia-North based in Münster. The following year, he advanced to the post of Gau Inspector and became a Gauredner (Gau orator) for economic issues. In the July 1932 German federal election, Krappe was elected as a Reichstag deputy for constituency 17 (Westphalia North) but was not returned to office at the subsequent election in November of the same year.
| 2.328125 | 0 |
75933274
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo-Mamo%20Karerwa
|
Mo-Mamo Karerwa
|
Early life and education career
Modeste Mo-Mamo Karerwa was a Hutu teacher living in Gitega, when the Burundian genocide broke out in 1993. As students in the past had been taught that the Tutsi people were a superior race than the Hutu people, she realized that the conflicts could not be resolved without bringing the two sides together. She founded the Magarama II Peace Primary School, that year to change what children were being taught. She traveled to Sweden in 1995 to seek help from Swedish Quakers. Backed by Quaker missionaries, the school aimed to teach children how to live together peacefully. Teaching 700 elementary students from 2-year-old preschool pupils to sixth grade, her students were taught the compulsory government curricula in the mornings and in the afternoon were given instruction on how Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa people should form peaceful relationships. From the first grade, her students began learning about children's rights and held regular reviews with parents weekly. Because many of the people had been forced to leave their homes and were living in internally displaced person camps or orphanages, Karerwa visited them to extend her peace education project. She took groups of children with her to the camps, orphanages, and hospitals to teach them about sharing goods with others and had them perform songs and dramas for the internees.
| 3.265625 | 0 |
75933668
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Shout%20%28short%20story%29
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The Shout (short story)
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At a lunatic asylum, the narrator acts as scoresman at a cricket match along with one of its inmates, Charles Crossley, a man who believes that his soul is split in pieces. Charles tells him a story which he says is true. It concerns Richard and Rachel, a young couple who awake one Sunday morning and tell each other the dreams they have just had. Richard's dream was of walking in sandhills and conversing with a strange man about the whereabouts of the soul. Rachel's was about the same man walking in the sandhills with Richard. Richard takes a walk to the village church, and there meets a stranger who discusses the whereabouts of the soul with him and gives other signs of being the man in the dream, then mentions that he has spent 20 years with Australian Aborigines. He gives his name as Charles and invites himself to dinner with Richard and Rachel, saying he has not eaten for days. He claims that the Aborigines have taught him how to produce a shout which will kill, terrify or send mad everyone around him, and Richard cites parallels to this in Greek and Welsh mythology. Charles duly comes to dinner, and when Richard, in Rachel's temporary absence, asks him to demonstrate the shout Charles agrees to do this the following morning. He also steals Rachel's shoe-buckle. Early the next day, without telling Rachel, they go to the nearby sandhills, which are deserted, and Charles explains that his shout is a supernatural, not a physical phenomenon. Richard surreptitiously puts wax into his ears, so that when Charles finally produces his shout he only faints. Recovering consciousness, he handles a stone and for a moment imagines himself to be a shoemaker, then flees back home. He finds that Rachel, only just awakened, has had a nightmare in which she was "pierced through and through with a beam of some intense evil light". Richard does not tell her about the shout, nor, when Charles returns to the house, does she tell Richard that she is now in love with their guest and not with him
| 1.976563 | 0 |
75933713
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Marie%20de%20Pernety
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Joseph Marie de Pernety
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In 1810, after the peace, he carried out the mission of drawing the border between Austria and Bavaria, and on this occasion received the Grand Cross from Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria. Commander of the artillery in Hamburg, he was replaced there on March 14, 1811 by Basile Baltus de Pouilly. He then moved to the Grande Armée to take part in the Russian campaign in 1812. On September 5, 1812, he took charge of the Compans division, with 30 artillery pieces and marched along a treeline, turning the enemy's position. He had the honor of starting the Battle of Borodino and contributing to the capture of the Russian redoubts with skillfully directed fire. On the 25th of the same month, he took command of the artillery of the cavalry reserves and brought it back almost entirely to beyond the Berezina. However, many men and horses fell victim to the cold. On March 11, 1813, Pernety obtained second command of the artillery of the Grande Armée. In this capacity he rendered important services at the battles of Lützen and Bautzen, so much so that he received the Grand Cross of the Order of Reunion on May 3. The battles of Dresden, Leipzig and Hanau allowed him to distinguish himself again.
Bourbon Restoration
Louis XVIII named him knight of Saint-Louis on June 27, 1814 and inspector general of artillery in Grenoble and Valence. During the Bourbon Restoration in France, Pernety was director of artillery at the Ministry of War from October 1815 to August 1816, state advisor attached to the War Committee, viscount on February 12, 1817 and president of the artillery committee, member of the War Committee on April 9. The following year, the king made him inspector general of artillery and president of the Central Artillery Committee in his capacity as the most senior lieutenant general. On May 1, 1821, he received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor.
| 2.328125 | 0 |
75933950
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Mackaman
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Thomas Mackaman
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Thomas Mackaman (born 1975) is a historian and member of the Socialist Equality Party. He is a professor of history at Kings College in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Mackaman has written and conducted interviews with historians challenging the New York Times' 1619 Project, first published on the World Socialist Web Site.
Education and career
Mackaman attended University of Minnesota for his BA in history. He earned his PhD in history at the University of Illinois. While at Illinois, Mackaman won awards for undergraduate teaching from the university. In 2023 he was named John H.A. Whitman Distinguished Service Professor.
Mackaman's New Immigrants and the Radicalization of American Labor was published in 2017. Mackaman has written on labor history, immigration history, and American history. He is active in public labor history, serving on the Anthracite Heritage Foundation and helped secure a historical marker for the 1919 Baltimore Mine Tunnel disaster.
1619 Project Controversy
After the publication of the New York Times’ 1619 Project, Mackaman conducted interviews with a number of noted historians, including James McPherson, Gordon S. Wood, James Oakes, Clayborne Carson, and Richard Carwardine. The interviews, which asserted that the 1619 Project had committed conceptual and factual errors, drew significant media attention and were attacked on social media by project creator, Nikole Hannah-Jones. The interviews, along with essays by Mackaman, David North, and other writers, were assembled in a book, The New York Times and Racialist Falsification of History.
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75934035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Kaplon
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Andrew Kaplon
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The brothers used their wealth to advance their social progress in the Hungarian royal court under the minor Ladislaus IV in the 1270s. Andrew is referred to as ispán of Ung County in 1273, when, together with Jakó, was granted the estates Sztára (today Staré) and Perecse (today a borough of Michalovce, Slovakia) in the county for their loyalty by the monarch. The royal charter narrates that both of them served Béla IV and Stephen V already faithfully. These lands were the basis of the emerging Nagymihályi lordship. Sometime in the last third of the 13th century, they built the castle of Nagymihály, a fortified stronghold in the region (present-day ruins, belongs to Vinné). It is possible that they also erected the nearby Barkó Castle (today ruins above Brekov) in the same period.
According to a royal charter of Ladislaus IV with the date February 1278, Andrew physically assaulted and beat the young monarch with a hooked stick () during a harsh dispute. As a result, Ladislaus confiscated Jakóvár (lit. "Jakó's Castle") and its accessories near Meggyes in Szatmár County (present-day Medieșu Aurit, Romania) from Andrew because of his lese-majesty. Later, Ladislaus IV donated this castle and the surrounding lands to Nicholas Pok (otherwise, Andrew's future son-in-law). Early historians – e.g. Károly Szabó – saw another episode of the drastic weakening of royal power during the era of feudal anarchy In Andrew's serious audacity. However, later Hungarian historiography classified this document as non-authentic because its list of dignitaries reflects a political situation in 1274. Historian Péter Németh considered that "Jakó's Castle" never existed, and the fort was merely a fabrication compiled by members of the Meggyesi family (Nicholas Pok's descendants) during a late 14th-century lawsuit, as an identification with their fortified manor in Meggyes.
| 2.5 | 0 |
75934035
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Kaplon
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Andrew Kaplon
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Both Andrew and Jakó took part in the Battle on the Marchfeld in August 1278. In 1279, Ladislaus IV confirmed Andrew and Jakó as the rightful owners of Sztára and Perecse. These data prove the falsity of the aforementioned document. In the same year, they were also granted the fort of Jeszenő (today Jasenov, Slovakia) with the surrounding forest as a "lost heritage". The Kaplons' centre, Nagymihály was granted right to hold fair. The brothers were involved in a lawsuit over the estate Gelyénes in Szatmár County (near present-day Satu Mare, Romania), which they eventually obtained. They sold the village Kerész (present-day a borough of Krišovská Liesková, Slovakia) in 1289. Both of them swore loyalty to Andrew III, who ascended the Hungarian throne in 1290. They participated in the 1291 Austrian–Hungarian War as military aides to the Hungarian king. They purchased the land Tiba (today Tibava, Slovakia) in Ung County for 300 marks from local castle warriors in 1290. Andrew III approved the contract in 1291. The brothers erected a small castle there ("Tibavára", today ruins near Podhoroď, Slovakia) around 1300. Andrew is last mentioned as a living person in 1302, when they possessed the land Gerecse (today a borough of Michalovce). His eldest son Lawrence is mentioned as the owner of the Kaplon possessions in his own right in 1307, implying that Andrew died by that time.
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75934088
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20American%20genocide%20in%20the%20United%20States
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Native American genocide in the United States
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Near the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the British Army and Native American allies staged attacks on frontier towns in the Mohawk Valley region of New York. To resolve this issue, George Washington ordered the Continental Army, under the command of John Sullivan and James Clinton, to conduct a series of scorched earth campaigns against the four British-allied nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. Washington's orders followed an initial assault against the Haudenosaunee where Colonel Van Schaik burned two Onondaga villages. In May 1779, Washington wrote, "The expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the six nations of Indians, with their associates and adherents. The immediate objects are the total destruction and devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more."
Sullivan and Clinton's troops reportedly burned over forty settlements and hundreds of acres of crops, as well as an estimated 160,000 bushels of corn. Despite this, Sullivan failed to capture a sizable number of prisoners, and did not achieve the original goal of invading the British base at Fort Niagara. The Continental Army also failed to completely dispel threats from the Haudenosaunee. In fact, attacks against frontier towns increased after the expedition, as the Haudenosaunee pursued revenge. Historian Joseph R. Fischer has called the expedition a "well-executed failure." Although the expedition's goal of eliminating Native populations was not met, the Haudenosaunee still faced hardship as many lost their livelihoods and were displaced from their homes.
| 2.59375 | 0 |
75934088
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20American%20genocide%20in%20the%20United%20States
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Native American genocide in the United States
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Appropriation of knowledge
Indigenous systems of knowledge and science have historically been undervalued by Western science. In recent decades as awareness of the climate crisis rises, this knowledge has been appropriated by settlers. Scholar Jaskiran Dhillon argues that while the state has traditionally disregarded Indigenous scientists, there is now "state-driven 'discovery' of Indigenous knowledge." This co-optation extracts only certain information from Indigenous knowledge systems to aid climate adaptation for settler societies. According to Dhillon, non-Native environmental scholars often advocate the integration of Indigenous environmental knowledge into mainstream science, but do not adopt an environmental justice approach. Despite extracting from Indigenous knowledge, the state does not center decolonization and Indigenous identity, resulting in the appropriation of Native American science.
Environmental sociologist J.M. Bacon states that "the bulk of the dominant culture's knowledge about Native peoples comes from sources that are not Native-made." These narratives about Indigenous knowledge draw on Native stories and imagery to perpetuate the noble savage concept and "obscure both the historic events related to colonization and the ongoing occupation of Native lands." Dhillon agrees, claiming that epistemology that truly integrates Indigenous knowledge will "challenge dominant, colonial, and Eurocentric knowledge systems. According to Deborah McGregor, an Anishinaabe scholar, the dominant Eurocentric approach to traditional Indigenous knowledge does not reflect Indigenous concepts of moral relationships, but instead sustains colonial views of Natives. The appropriation of Indigenous knowledge fails to recognize the validity of Native American science and perpetuates the colonial system that continues to oppress Native peoples.
Contemporary issues
| 2.21875 | 0 |
75934131
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20H.%20Blessing
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James H. Blessing
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James H. Blessing (April 17, 1837 – February 21, 1910) was an American inventor, engineer, and business executive from Albany, New York. A Republican, he served as a member of the Albany County Board of Supervisors from 1894 to 1896, and president of the board from 1895 to 1896. From 1900 to 1901, he served as Albany's mayor.
A native of Guilderland, New York, Blessing was raised and educated in Albany, and worked as a grocery store clerk before becoming an apprentice machinist. After completing his apprenticeship, Blessing worked at an Albany machine shop until the start of the American Civil War. After working as a ship design and construction engineer at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, he joined the Union Navy in 1864, and he served until the end of the war.
After the war, Blessing worked as the superintendent of an Albany foundry and machine works, and in 1870 he invented a steam trap that vastly improved the efficiency of the steam engines then largely in use in factories and other businesses. As the partner in an Albany company that built and sold his invention, Blessing became wealthy. He also continued to invent, and his efforts resulted in several more implements and tools that were used on steam engines.
A Republican in politics, Blessing served on the Albany County Board of Supervisors from 1894 to 1896 and was the board's president from 1895 to 1896. In 1899, he was the successful Republican nominee for mayor. he served one term, 1900 to 1901, and was not a candidate for reelection. After leaving office, he returned to his business interests. Blessing died in Albany on February 21, 1910, and was buried at Albany Rural Cemetery.
| 2.09375 | 0 |
75934230
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tama-te-rangi
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Tama-te-rangi
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Tama-te-rangi was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of the Ngāti Kahungunu iwi and ancestor of the Ngāi Tamaterangi. He was based at Marumaru on the Wairoa River in northern Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. He fought and defeated the neighbouring tribe of Ngāi Tauira with the support of his uncle Rakaipaaka and killed Tu-te-tohi at Pakarae in revenge for his tribe's expulsion from the East Cape area, but was killed in revenge by Parua.
Life
Tama-te-rangi's mother was Hinemanuhiri, through whom he was a direct descendant of Tamatea Arikinui, captain of the Tākitimu canoe. His father was Pukaru, who was the son of Ruapani, the paramount chief of the Turanganui-a-Kiwa area. He was born at Waerengaahika (modern Hexton, near Gisborne), where his parents had settled alongside his maternal uncle Rakaipaaka. He was the eldest of five siblings, known as ("the five of Hine-manuhiri"). His younger brothers were Makoro, Hingaanga, and Pupuni, and his younger sister was Pare-ora. As a young man, he probably participated in Rakaipaaka's ill-fated attack on the chief Tu-te-tohi, which led to the tribe's defeat and exile. Hinemanuhiri and her family travelled southwest and settled at Te Mania in Marumaru (north of Wairoa), while Rakaipaaka settled at Moumoukai on the Nūhaka River.
Conflict with Ngāi Tauira
| 2.046875 | 0 |
75934419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salish%20Sea%20orcas
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Salish Sea orcas
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The earliest recorded post-colonization interactions between Salish Sea orcas and humans occurred in the early 1960s, when fishermen in Seymour Narrows, near Campbell River, BC, began to complain of orcas taking salmon from nets and interfering with fishing operations. At the time, orcas were not only viewed as costly competition with fishermen for salmon, but as dangerous and threatening to humans as well, and were viewed negatively across the region. In response to these complaints, a machine gun was installed at Seymour Narrows with the intent of killing any orca that passed by. Although the gun was removed after a few months without ever being fired, its installation reflected a persistent degree of negativity surrounding orcas in the region. Despite their reputation as man-eaters, fascination with orcas led to many wanting to see these largely unknown creatures close-up, alive or dead, in order to better understand them. In 1964, Vancouver Aquarium curator Murray Newman requested an orca be harpooned in order to serve as a reference for a life-sized sculpture that would greet museum visitors. A team led by Sam Burich and Ronald Sparrow was sent out to capture an orca. On July 16, 1964, a pod was sighted and one of the whales was harpooned, but did not die. Not wishing to seem inhumane, Newman instructed the team not to kill the whale, but instead tow it to a netted-off area at Burrard Dry Dock near the Vancouver Aquarium. While the initial motive in keeping the whale was to provide a template for the sculpture and present scientists with a unique opportunity to study a little-known creature, the aquarium soon became overwhelmed with visitors eager to see an orca for the first time. Within weeks, the whale had become a national interest, and was given the name Moby Doll. By now, the whale was marketed as a public attraction and began to spark interest in other aquariums for catching orcas
| 3.046875 | 0 |
75934419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salish%20Sea%20orcas
|
Salish Sea orcas
|
Following this, orca captures became widespread worldwide; an estimated 263 orcas were captured in the Salish Sea region alone between 1962 and 1977. Of these, 50 were taken to oceanariums, 12 died during capture, and 201 were released. The impact of this take on local populations was significant given that 47 of the 62 captured or killed orcas were southern residents, corresponding to more than half of the southern resident population. Many believe the failure of the southern residents to increase over the past few decades has been linked to the loss of genetic diversity resulting from the 1960s captures. The fact that all three pods (J, K, L) interbreed and interact regularly creates additional genetic challenges for the survivors, and no pod maintains its historical diversity. In 1970, the notorious Penn Cove capture resulted in the deaths of five calves and the capture of seven more, including the female Lolita (Tokitae) who died in 2023 after 53 years in captivity. The brutality of the event led to institution of a permit system by the state of Washington in 1971 in order to control the herding of orcas. This was soon superseded by the federal Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which forbade the killing or harassment of any marine mammal and brought the capture of orcas to an end.
| 2.875 | 0 |
75934419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salish%20Sea%20orcas
|
Salish Sea orcas
|
Ongoing threats to orcas include ship traffic, pollution, dams, and arguably most important, conflict with humans for food. Since the 1980s, salmon populations in Puget Sound have declined by 60%, and hatcheries have made only marginal success in helping them recover. The primary food source of southern residents is Fraser River salmon, which provide over 70% of all salmon in the system. While Fraser River salmon as a whole are not currently endangered, chinook - which provide more than three-quarters of the diet of southern residents - have declined by more than half in the last decades, largely due to hatchery mismanagement, mishandled recovery plans, and an industry-based approach to solving environmental problems. The Skagit, Snohomish, and Puyallup chinook runs are also gravely depleted, and as of the last major 5-year salmon recovery plan (2016), all chinook salmon populations in the Puget Sound drainage system are listed as below recovery escape levels (i.e., the level at which the population can be considered on the road to recovery). The Fraser salmon fare little better; 14 of 16 stocks of chinook that spawn in the Fraser are listed as threatened or endangered by Canada's Species At Risk Act. Only two potential populations of chinook with a distribution including Puget Sound are at a viable size.
| 2.8125 | 0 |
75934419
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salish%20Sea%20orcas
|
Salish Sea orcas
|
Granny (southern resident J2) was the oldest fully authenticated wild orca on record, at least 65 years old at the time of her presumed death in October 2016. Her exact age will never be known; she was first sighted in 1967, during an orca capture, and was considered too old for capture due to her age (estimated at more than 40, due to her being judged to be post-reproductive). A later sighting of her in 1971 seemed to confirm that she had borne calves, with the male accompanying her (J1 Ruffles) appearing to be her son, although this was later deemed to be false. Her age was initially estimated at 105 at the time of her death, thought to have been born in 1911. However, with the revelation that J1 was not her calf, and a biopsy sample taken in 2016 just before her death, her actual age was estimated at 65–80 years old.
In popular culture
The plight of the orcas has attracted attention throughout the Pacific Northwest and the United states since the 1980s. The Salish Sea orcas have become an iconic natural treasure of the region and a symbol of the area's ecological productivity. Many whale watching organizations throughout the region target the orcas, including resident and transient groups, and often work with nonprofit organizations like the Center for Whale Research and The Whale Museum to promote orca conservation. Native American tribes and First Nations throughout the area hold the whales in high regard. The Lummi Nation in particular has been outspoken about its relationship with the animals. Within the tribe, orcas are regarded as relatives, with some considering them the reincarnated spirits of chiefs. In particular, they were instrumental in the ultimately unsuccessful attempt to return Lolita from Miami Seaquarium back to Puget Sound. The Tulalip tribe of Everett also hold orcas in high regard, often displaying them on totem poles and artwork designs. An orca is the official mascot of the Tulalip Casino and Resort.
| 2.5 | 0 |
75935132
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German-Soviet%20air%20war%2022%20June%201941
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German-Soviet air war 22 June 1941
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At the end of the 1930s, everything was still noticeably behind the Soviet engine building from Western standards. Many Soviet aircraft manufacturing enterprises used outdated technology, the work was slowed down by a low-power experimental production base, poor technical equipment of Soviet scientific institutes. The USSR had to purchase from Western countries, especially the USA and master the release of some licensed components and aviation materials. Materials science lagged behind, and the production of much-needed aluminum did not meet the needs of industry. Therefore, most Soviet aircraft had a mixed design with an extensive use of wood. The radio industry had failed to provide aircraft with reliable and compact radios and other necessary equipment, such as navigation.
No less problems arose when solving those of staffing. Bureaucracy, inertia, the desire primarily for quantitative indicators seriously harmed the strengthening of the air power of the Soviet Union. Excessive ideologization and great attention to the "class" factor when recruiting the Red Army Air Force (80–90% of future pilots were recruited from workers or peasants) also had a negative impact on the overall combat readiness.
| 2.4375 | 0 |
75935380
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20Planning%20and%20Development%20Regulation%20in%20North%20Carolina
|
Local Planning and Development Regulation in North Carolina
|
This section clarifies procedures individuals can use to challenge legislative zoning decisions, quasi-judicial decisions like certificates of appropriateness for historic preservation, and administrative decisions such as those related to subdivision plats.
Implementation
When Chapter 160D was signed into law in July 2019, it included an effective date of January 1, 2021. The law required local governments to update their ordinances to conform with the law. The effective date was later postponed to July 1, 2021 to give local governments more time, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on government operations.
Regional councils provided support to local governments to help them adjust their local ordinances to conform to the law. This type of regional collaboration was especially important to small cities with limited resources.
New Hanover County updated its ordinances to remove the confusing conditional use district process, along with other changes. For nearby Pender County, which had never used conditional use districts, only minor updates were needed.
The city of Charlotte needed to complete its comprehensive plan and unified development ordinance, already under development, to meet the deadline imposed by Chapter 160D.
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75935538
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20Salomonson
|
Herman Salomonson
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Nazi era
When the Netherlands mobilized on September 1, 1939, at the beginning of the Second World War, Salomonson was called up a “reserve captain for special services” in the Vrijwillig Landstormkorps Luchtafweerdienst (Voluntary Army Air Defense Corps). Before the German occupation in May 1940, he broadcast the news on the radio about German aircraft invading Dutch airspace. He also produced together with reserve officer L.C. Reedijk made a short documentary about Dutch air defense under his name; Melis Stoke wrote the script. In February 1940, the film, Luchtgevaar!, published, the employees were the same. The film premiered at the Hotel Krasnapolsky and the two makers were honored by Prince Bernhard.
Salomonson remained on the air until May 10, 1940, the day of the German occupation. In his history of the Netherlands during WWII (Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog) Loe de Jong wrote that on May 15, 1940, the cultural attaché of the German embassy Heinrich Hushahn, refused access to Salomonson to the building of the Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP). Hushahn had previously personally fired all Jewish employees of the ANP. Herman Salomonson subsequently illegally distributed poems he had written .
| 2.453125 | 0 |
75935538
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20Salomonson
|
Herman Salomonson
|
On October 26, 1940, the Gestapo seized Herman Salomonson from his apartment at Laan Copes van Cattenburch 129 in The Hague. His work for the Dutch air defense was viewed as “anti-German,” and he was considered a Jew by the Germans despite his conversion. During his imprisonment as a “protective prisoner” in the Oranjehotel in Scheveningen, he was violently brutalized. He wrote poems for his fellow prisoners, which were published in 1946 under the title Recruit School. After the war, survivors testified to “his astonishing selflessness.” Salomonson believed in the “power of love to conquer evil.” On April 12, 1942, he was deported from the Amersfoort transit camp to Buchenwald, then to the Nazi concentration camp of Mauthausen, in Austria, where he was murdered on October 7, 1942. The death notice reads “shot while trying to escape“.
For Herman Salomonson and his son Hans – a resistance fighter who was murdered in the Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp in January 1945 – commemorative stumbling blocks were laid on March 9, 2019, in front of their former home in The Hague, 129 Laan Copes van Cattenburch. Hans Salomonson's grave is located on the Dutch Ehrenfeld Hamburg. Herman Salomonson's wife Annie and daughter survived the war. Nannette Salomonson married the Dutch painter Edgar Fernhout (1912–1974) in 1947.
Art collection
His wife Annie (J. A. Maas Geesteranus) owned the painting by Vincent van Gogh, The Old Tower, currently in the Emil Bührle Collection.
Selected works
| 2.421875 | 0 |
75935786
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Sherman%20Savage
|
W. Sherman Savage
|
William Sherman Savage (March 7, 1890 – May 23, 1981), generally known as W. Sherman Savage, was an American historian, professor of history at Lincoln University in Missouri, and author of Blacks in the West, a foundational survey of the subject. A specialist in African American history, he also taught at Jarvis Christian College in Texas and California State College, Los Angeles. Savage was the first African American to graduate from the University of Oregon or receive a doctorate from Ohio State University.
Early life and education
Born into a family of farmers in Wattsville on the Eastern Shore of Virginia on March 7, 1890, Savage left school at age 11 to help his family on the farm. At age 17, he completed his elementary education at Virginia Union College in Richmond, Virginia, and earned his high school diploma from Morgan College in Baltimore, Maryland. He earned his AB degree from Howard University in 1917, his MA degree in history from the University of Oregon in 1926, and his PhD in history from Ohio State University in 1934.
Savage was the first African American to graduate from the University of Oregon and the first to earn a doctorate from Ohio State. He initially attended the University of Kansas for two summers, and the only reason he transferred was because Oregon charged only six dollars a quarter for tuition. As the only Black person attending the University of Oregon or living in the city of Eugene, he faced racial discrimination and struggled to find a landlord who would rent to an African American. Savage wrote his master's thesis on the topic of "Abolitionist Literature in the Mails, 1830–1836" and rewrote his dissertation into a monograph entitled The Controversy over the Distribution of Abolition Literature, 1830–1860, published in 1938.
| 2.703125 | 0 |
75935911
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward%20Muir
|
Ward Muir
|
Wardrop Openshaw Muir (22 June 1878 – 9 June 1927) was a British photographer, journalist, editor, and author, known as Ward Muir.
Early life
Muir was born in Waterloo, Lancashire, the younger son of the Rev. J. J. Muir, a minister of the Waterloo Presbyterian Church of England, and his wife Sarah Openshaw Clapperton, both born in Scotland. His older brother and sister had also been born there, and his father had previously served as a minister in St Helier, Jersey. The young Muir was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby, and Brighton College.
Muir was given his first camera by a Scottish clergyman, and by 1894, while still at school, was a committee member of the Waterloo Social Camera Club. In 1895, he gave a lecture to the club on "Reminiscences of Scotland", illustrated by magic lantern slides.
After leaving school, Muir matriculated at Liverpool University, but soon after that his health broke down, due to a lung disease, and he was ordered to go to Davos. While there, he started writing stories for boys and met an editor of Northcliffe newspapers. This led to a job at Carmelite House in Fleet Street, working on women's magazines. His publisher later commented "Heaven only knows how many pseudonyms he must have adopted here, but I believe his nerve deserted him when it came to the fashion hints."
After travelling in France, the Low Countries, Italy, and Austria, about 1898 Muir began selling photographic work to magazines. In March of that year, he joined the Cyclists' Touring Club from an address in Waterloo.
Muir became active in the Practical Correspondence College, which taught how to make photography pay.
In 1902, Muir's father died, while on a visit to Scotland, leaving an estate valued at more than £6,000, . His mother died in Edinburgh in November 1914.
| 2.390625 | 0 |
75935916
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Toothpaste%20Millionaire
|
The Toothpaste Millionaire
|
As their business, which they name "Toothpaste," gains national success, the young entrepreneurs face challenges from established toothpaste manufacturers who feel threatened by the competition. This leads to legal battles and moments of tension, including disaster when criminal elements detonate an explosive in the Toothpaste factory. Once Rufus has made his million, he retires from toothpaste manufacture, announcing he will spend the summer before his eighth grade year riding his bike to North Carolina to visit his grandmother.
The Toothpaste Millionaire is not just a tale of financial success but also a story of friendship, creativity, and determination. It highlights the potential of young minds to make a difference and challenge the status quo. The novel encourages readers to think critically about economic principles and also the pitfalls of consumerism.
ABC After School Special
In 1974 The Toothpaste Millionaire was adapted into an ABC After School Special starring Tierre R. Turner as the 12 year-old inventor Rufus Mayflower. The script was adapted by Ronald Rubin and the film directed by Richard Kinon and the show was produced by The Great American Film Factory and Viacom. The adaptation was called "almost unrecognizable" by those who had favorably reviewed the book.
Awards
1976: Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award.
1977: Sequoyah Book Award Children's Award Winner
| 2.59375 | 0 |
75936022
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Lynn%20Miranda
|
Marie Lynn Miranda
|
Marie Lynn Miranda (born ) is an American economist, data scientist, and academic administrator. She became the tenth chancellor of the University of Illinois Chicago and a vice president of the University of Illinois System in July 2023. She previously served as provost and professor of applied computational mathematics and statistics at the University of Notre Dame. A self-taught toxicologist and environmental scientist, Miranda researches children's environmental health and geospatial health informatics.
Early life and education
Miranda was born in . She is the first member of her family to be born in the United States. In 1961, her parents and three brothers moved to South Bend, Indiana from Goa while her father, Constancio Miranda, was studying civil engineering. He was later a professor at the University of Detroit Mercy. She attended Catholic schools in Detroit. Miranda earned an A.B. in mathematics and economics, summa cum laude, from Duke University in 1985. She was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa at Duke University. While attending Duke University, she worked as a student manager for the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball under coach Mike Krzyzewski. Miranda earned an M.A. (1988) and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University. Her 1990 dissertation was titled, Essays on Land Management. Peter Timmer, Lawrence Goulder, and Jerry Green served on her doctoral committee.
| 1.992188 | 0 |
75936078
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaho%20%28archeological%20site%29
|
Yaho (archeological site)
|
Yaho or Yayo is an archeological site 160 kilometers northwest of Koro Toro, Chad. In 1961, Yves Coppens excavated a partial hominin face and erected the taxon Tchadanthropus uxoris. Loxodonta atlantica were also discovered from the site.
Chronology
It is proposed that the middle of the Angamma delta bore Holocene strata dating to 1000 years in the lowest parts and up to 7300 years at the latest. Other parts of the formation reach up to 10,000 years.
Geology
The Angamma Delta is found within the area north of paleolake Megachad. The delta is very well preserved, standing up to 330m tall, as it can be observed sloping into a mudstone and diatomite-filled basin that drops 240m. The delta was fed by a braided fluvial distributary leading from the Tibesti Mountains from the north. They do not cut through the delta, suggesting that the braided rivers dried before the lake did. Delta sediment was visibly disturbed by waves from the lake, and the front was eroded, revealing other sediments within.
Its sediments are very exposed through a series of cliffs and canyons that run perpendicular from the delta. Underneath the delta are volcanic tuffs and breccias overlain with diatomite. The sediment is composed of silts and fine sand interspersed with thin intraformational conglomerates. Strata thicken nearer to the top and have distinct boundaries. It shows evidence of river flooding events that supplied sediment to the delta.
Tchadanthropus uxoris
Discovery and Dating
| 2.515625 | 0 |
75936078
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaho%20%28archeological%20site%29
|
Yaho (archeological site)
|
On March 16, 1961, Yves Coppens' wife, Françoise Le Guennec, discovered a hominin fossil at one end of the Angamma cliff, 11 kilometers from the western well of Yayo. Initially, the specimen was assumed to be an australopithecine, but Coppens would later assign it the temporary name Tchadanthropus uxoris based on the country and lake of origin and honoring Le Guennec. The hominin fossil was found in deposits that were also populated with fossils of the proboscid Loxodonta atlantica, which Coppens suggested might place the hominin within the late Lower or early Middle Pleistocene.
In 1965, Marcel Bleustein organized a conference for the discovery, which scientists were very skeptical of. The press, however, were more interested in the implications of the discovery. The discovery of this fossil made Coppens media famous. Tobias (1973) stated that the fossil was likely to be Homo erectus and less than one million years old. In 2010, the specimen was given an updated age estimate of 900-700 kya. According to data proposed by Servant (1983), the specimen may be only 10 ka based on the geology of the site.
| 2.609375 | 0 |
75936316
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandramohan%20S
|
Chandramohan S
|
Chandramohan Sathyanathan (born 1988) is an Indian poet. He resides in Thiruvananthapuram and has primarily been part of the contemporary Indian English poetry scene. He trained as an engineer. Chandramohan's poetry covers a range of themes, with a particular emphasis on issues related to caste discrimination, gender surveillance, and political activism. His poems often draw inspiration from historical events and contemporary movements, providing a unique perspective on the marginalized.
One of Chandramohan's notable poems, "Killing Shambuka," draws parallels between the discrimination faced by Dalit students in higher education institutions and the myth of Shambuka. Another poem, "Love in the Time of CCTV-I," critiques the surveillance society and its impact on personal relationships. In 2016, Outlook Magazine listed him as the Dalit Achiever of the Year, acknowledging his efforts in promoting subaltern cultural awareness in Kerala. He is also a part of the P. K. Rosi Foundation (after the pioneering Dalit actress P. K. Rosi).
Poetry collections and awards
Chandramohan is the author of several poetry collections, including "Warscape Verses" (2014), "Love after Babel" which won the Nicholas Guillen Outstanding book award (2020) from the Caribbean Philosophical Association and "Letters to Namdeo Dhasal" (2016). The latter was shortlisted for prestigious literary prizes such as the Srinivas Rayaprol Poetry Prize and the Harish Govind Memorial Prize. Both Love after Babel and Letters to Namdeo Dhasal were shortlisted for the Yuva Puraskar of the Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.
| 2.265625 | 0 |
75936978
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Frederik%20Kinch
|
Karl Frederik Kinch
|
In particular, he visited the lands of the Kingdom of Greece as well as Asia Minor. He arrived in Athens in October 1894. In Athens, he learned from other archaeologists that knowledge of Macedonia (then part of the Salonica vilayet of the Ottoman Empire) was lacking. Kinch made a special focus of the peninsula Chalkidiki, then a dangerous place threatened by bandits. Kinch traveled through the region five times visited Macedonia as the first Danish archaeologist to do so, recorded various ancient inscriptions he found there, and published them. Among his travels in Chalkidiki was a site he (correctly) believed to be of the ancient city of Olynthus (although this would only be confirmed many decades later with the work of David Moore Robinson), as well as finding and identifying the location of Stagira, the birthplace of Aristotle. He published L'arc de triomphe de Salonique in 1890 describing a Roman-era monument found in the city of Thessaloniki, near the Egnatia Odos, which he identified as a 4th-century (~300 CE) work in honor of Roman Emperor Galerius. His work was convincing, and the arch has since been known as the Arch of Galerius. As the arch was in substantially better shape in the 1880s than in later years, Kinch's work is relied upon for information about parts of the arch since damaged.
| 2.5625 | 0 |
75936978
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Frederik%20Kinch
|
Karl Frederik Kinch
|
Excavations at Rhodes
Kinch worked with the Carlsberg Foundation to select a potentially fruitful site for a new archaeological expedition, visiting both Smyrna and Cyrene in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1900 to 1901. He eventually selected Lindos on the island of Rhodes after some exploratory visits to the region. In the period 1902–1914, together with the Danish archaeologist , he was head of excavations at Lindos. During this period, Kinch met the draftswoman Helvig Amsinck, a Danish artist who came to work on the Lindos project. The two married on 10 May 1903, and would have a daughter, Gunhild, in 1904. Helvig would illustrate much of her husband's work and findings.
Kinch's work moved toward Vroulia on the southern end of Rhodes in 1907. One of the notable finds at Lindos was the Lindian Temple Chronicle. Kinch became a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 1913. The start of World War I seems to have prompted Kinch to return home, with him arriving in Copenhagen by 27 August 1914; Ottoman entry into World War I in November 1914 made the prospect of a return to the Aegean Sea region impossible. Kinch organized and published some of his findings from Denmark. Kinch's final years were troubled by illness, and he died on 26 August 1921. His wife Helvig considerably outlived him, surviving until 1956.
| 2.609375 | 0 |
75937065
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20peace%20treaties%20with%20the%20Comanche
|
Spanish peace treaties with the Comanche
|
The Comanche were pure nomads, practicing no agriculture and with no permanent settlements. They acquired horses in the early 18th century, relied on bison (buffalo) for subsistence, and were adroit at war, diplomacy, and trade. By 1750, they were divided by geography into two groups: the western Comanche who lived mostly in southern Colorado and the eastern Comanche who lived mostly in northern Texas. The Comanche are estimated to have numbered ten to fifteen thousand in 1750. Their numbers were growing rapidly due to incorporating captives and members of other tribes into their society, reaching a maximum population of twenty to thirty thousand in 1780. By contrast the population of the New Mexico colony (including 5,100 people in the El Paso, Texas region) in 1776 was 18,544 (including 8,602 Pueblo Indians) and the population of the Texas colony in 1780 was about 4,000. The Taovaya, a Wichita tribe who lived along the Red River in Texas and Oklahoma and numbered several thousands, were an important Comanche ally and trading partner although in reduced numbers after an epidemic, possibly smallpox, in 1777–1778.
Several factors led the Comanche to be receptive to peace with the Hispanic population in New Mexico and Texas. In 1779, the governor of New Mexico, Juan Bautista de Anza, defeated and killed the Comanche chief Cuerno Verde (Green Horn) in a battle that took place south of 21st century Pueblo, Colorado. Secondly, a continent-wide smallpox epidemic in 1780-1781 caused thousands of deaths among the Comanche. Third, the Osage from Missouri and other eastern Indians were becoming rivals on the Great Plains and were better armed because of their ties to traders, mostly of French origin, in St. Louis. Drought was a recurrent threat to Comanche livelihood and their raiding and trading proto-empire.
| 3.40625 | 0 |
75937065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20peace%20treaties%20with%20the%20Comanche
|
Spanish peace treaties with the Comanche
|
In May 1785, Governor Cabello, under pressure from the Viceroy in Mexico City to reach peace with the Comanche, persuaded Vial to undertake a peace mission to the Comanche. Vial selected Chaves to accompany him because of his familiarity with the Comanche and knowledge of the language. Vial and Chaves and two servants began their mission at Nacogdoches, Texas on July 23, 1785, meeting Taovaya and Wichita chiefs there for the annual distribution of gifts to them from the Spanish. They journeyed to the twin Taovaya villages on the Red River in company with two Taovaya leaders. The party arrived at the villages (near present-day Spanish Fort, Texas) on August 6. The Taovaya agreed with Vial's objective of making peace with the Comanche. Accompanied by Taovaya chiefs, Vial and Chaves journeyed to meet the various bands of the eastern Comanche (Cuchanees or Kotsoteka) on the Little Wichita River near present-day Wichita Falls, Texas. Vial persuaded three of the Comanche chiefs to accompany him to San Antonio for peace talks with the Governor. The Comanche chiefs, their wives, and Vial and Chaves arrived there on September 29.
Governor Cabello made haste to welcome his Comanche guests and the Comanche stayed in San Antonio for nearly three weeks enjoying the best the frontier outpost could offer. The two sides agreed to a peace treaty. The Comanche pledged to be friends with the Spanish, to return Spanish captives, and not to admit any strangers (i.e. French traders) to their camps. They furthermore said they would notify the governor when they planned to travel south into Mexico-claimed territory to fight their mutual enemies, the Lipan and Mescalero Apache. In return the Spanish pledged to provide the Comanche with gifts. The formal ratification of the agreement was delayed for six months while the governor assembled sufficient gifts to meet Spanish obligations to the Comanche.
| 2.8125 | 0 |
75937214
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmer%20Kalas
|
Helmer Kalas
|
Kaarlo Helmer Kalas (former surname Kilkki ; 1 July 1921 – 1976) was a Finnish soldier, memoirist and spy.
Early life and World War II
Kalas' parents were police constable August Evald Kilkki and Martta Huopalainen. Kalas graduated from high school in 1940 (transferred to the VII grade from Mikkeli Lyceum ). He participated in the Winter War as a corporal and in the Continuation War as a second lieutenant after attending cadet school during the inter-peace period. His last military rank was lieutenant. During the Lapland war, in late October 1944, Kalas defected from his unit JR 57 located near Tornio through Sweden to the German side in Norway. After spending a couple of months in a German prison camp, he volunteered to join the SS forces on the condition that he would not have to fight against Finland or the Western powers, and received the rank of SS-Obersturmführer. From March 1945, he was on the German Eastern Front as the head of a tank company and later as a battalion commander. Right at the end of the war, his company broke through the blockade of the Red Army to the side of the Western Allies and surrendered to the British forces on May 13.
Post-War
Kalas was a British prisoner of war in Italy for 13 months, but escaped from the POW camp with the help of a Catholic priest. He lived in Italy for eight years under a false name and Lithuanian identity papers, working as a businessman. In 1948, he married the Italian Gina Fuser.
Kalas returned to Finland in June 1954 and reported to the authorities. In 1955, he published a memoir, Kymmenen vuotta seikkailujen tiellä (Ten Years on the Road of Adventures), in which he recounted his service in the German army and, among other things, his visit to the Dachau concentration camp. The work was ghostwritten by thriller writer Aarne Haapakoski . The book also appeared as a follow-up story in Kuvaposti .
| 2.0625 | 0 |
75937219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermission%20%28Hopper%29
|
Intermission (Hopper)
|
Development
In 1963, Hopper expressed interest in continuing his series of paintings set in a theater. His original plan was to paint inside of a movie theater after hours when it was closed and there were no people around. Josephine shared this information with American historian James Flexner, who personally approached the president of a chain of theaters and arranged a deal, only to have Hopper back out. "Hopper had his idea so clearly in his
mind that his presence in an actual theater became unnecessary", writes art historian Gail Levin. One sketch shows that Hopper considered adding another figure in the third row of seats. In the final painting. Hopper made a preliminary or compositional sketch (ébauche) in pencil lines, which remains evident in the edges of the stage and the proscenium arch in the final painting. At 40 by 60 inches (100 cm × 150 cm), Intermission is one of Hopper's largest paintings. It was completed between March and April 1963 at his New York home and studio in Washington Square Park, just four years before his death at age 84.
Description
A woman sits alone among empty seats in a theater; the curtain and the exit door are both closed. The house lights are on, indicating a break in the performance. The lone woman wears a blue and black dress and black shoes, and sits in a green aisle seat near a blue wall below a balcony.
| 2.28125 | 0 |
75937219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermission%20%28Hopper%29
|
Intermission (Hopper)
|
Biochemist and art essayist Joseph L. Goldstein argues that Hopper was the artist who best foreshadowed and represented the isolation and separation experienced by the general public dealing with COVID-19. Hopper's art, writes Goldstein, "speaks to the spirit of the pandemic's quarantine culture." Goldstein cites Hopper's portrayal of "people who sit alone in bleak diners, motel rooms, and theaters or who stare out of the bay windows of their apartments". Hopper expert Gail Levin did not see Tisserand's meme until December 2020, at which point it caught her attention after spreading to Facebook. It inspired her to write Edward Hopper's Loneliness, an essay exploring the influence of the 1918–1920 flu pandemic on Hopper's work.
Cinematic recreation
Austrian filmmaker Gustav Deutsch recreated a live action version of Intermission as part of the experimental feature film Shirley: Visions of Reality (2013), which connects 13 Hopper paintings together using "nearly static tableaux vivants" in key scenes to mimic each painting. The backstory linking the paintings together concerns a New York actress (portrayed by Stephanie Cumming) in the 1930s through the 1960s. In the scene that depicts Intermission, Shirley is shown sitting in a movie theater watching Une aussi longue Absence (1961), a French film by Henri Colpi, a film that Hopper had actually watched in his real life. Deutsch said he was interested in exploring the history of film with Shirley, noting that the tableau vivant was a 19th-century precursor to filmmaking which originally used live people to model influential paintings.
Provenance
Intermission was acquired from a private collector by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) in 2012, made possible by gifts from the Schwab and Fisher families. As part of the transaction, the SFMOMA deaccessioned Hopper's Bridle Path (1939) and put it up for auction. It sold for $10.4 million in May of that same year.
| 2.1875 | 0 |
75937272
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%27s%20owl-clover
|
Victoria's owl-clover
|
Castilleja victoriae is a species of flowering plant in the broomrape family known by the common names Victoria's owl-clover and Victoria's paintbrush.
Distribution and range
Castilleja victoriae is endemic to a small region of southeastern Vancouver Island in British Columbia (near its namesake city of Victoria) and a single site in the San Juan Islands of Washington State. There are four or less extant populations in existence.
Description
Stem leaves are alternate, lobed, and hairy, with no basal rosette. Upper leaves are deeply lobed, becoming purple-tipped floral bracts. Sepals form a five-lobed calyx, with petals forming two-lipped flowers measuring 10-18mm in length. Lower calyx lips are yellow with white tips, and upper lips are a creamy white. Fruits are brown capsules with two cells that split when ripe to reveal 30-70 seeds.
Habitat
Castilleja victoriae is found exclusively in vernal pools and seeps associated with Garry oak ecosystems within 50 metres of the coast. Four of its historical occurrences have been extirpated since the turn of the last century due to habitat loss and degradation.
| 2.328125 | 0 |
75937316
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Alexius%20Hospital%20%28Missouri%29
|
St. Alexius Hospital (Missouri)
|
St. Alexius Hospital was an American hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, founded in 1869 by the Catholic order of the Alexian Brothers, a healing order of Catholic men. In 1870, it began operation as a two-bed facility. In 1874, a larger building was erected. In 1890, a four-story main building was completed, with a fifth floor added in 1897. In 1909, the hospital became affiliated with St. Louis University.
Between 1928 and 1952, the hospital operated a training school for male nurses; it offered its services only to men until 1962. In 1997, the hospital began to be managed by the Sisters of Mercy. In 2000, it became known as St. Alexius Hospital under a sponsorship of St. Anthony's Medical Center It had previously been known as Alexian Brothers' Hospital or the Alexian Brothers' Hospital and Insane Asylum.
This hospital, which closed in 2023, claimed to be the oldest American hospital west of the Mississippi River. (However, it is believed that the oldest hospital west of the Mississippi River was probably founded in 1828 by the Daughters of Charity and later became DePaul Health Center.) The hospital was located about four miles south of the Gateway Arch and near the riverfront in south St. Louis. The main St. Louis hospital was located at 3933 South Broadway. It also ran the Lutheran School of Nursing at 2639 Miami Street until it shut down in 2022. The hospital claimed that the novel and movie The Exorcist were partly inspired by a 12-week exorcism that took place at this location in 1949, but the wings of that part of the hospital were torn down in 1976.
In 2004, the hospital was acquired by Argilla HealthCare, which became Envision Hospital Corporation after a merger. In 2008, Florida-based Success Healthcare bought the hospital. Various bankruptcies followed. Around 2020, the hospital was renamed South City Hospital. The hospital had a capacity of 178 beds at the time of its closing.
| 2.015625 | 0 |
75937620
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitta%20Maharaj
|
Chitta Maharaj
|
Chitta Maharaj (born Chitta Ranjan Debbarma, 22 January 1962) is an Indian spiritual guru and head of the Shanti Kali Ashram. He was honored with the Karmayogi Award in 2021 for his contribution towards tribal welfare, health and organic agriculture, social upliftment, education in remote and tribal areas of Tripura through spiritual and education. In 2024, he was awarded the Padma Shri (2024), the fourth-highest civilian award in India.
Early life
Chitta Ranjan Debbarma was born into a farmer Tripuri family on 22 January 1962 in Borokathal under West Tripura District of Tripura. Having successfully passed the matriculation-level examination, Chittaranjan Debbarma interviewed and secured the position of a panchayat secretary. While a Panchayat Secretary, he met Gurudev Shanti Kali during a trip. Fascinated by Gurudev Shanti Kali ethos of spirituality, Chittaranjan became his disciple, embracing spiritual teachings that deeply influenced his outlook and choosing to leave his family behind, he decided to embrace the ascetic life and becoming a sanyasi and a devoted disciple of Tripura Sundari under the wise guidance of his guru.
| 1.914063 | 0 |
75937744
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ross%2C%20King%20of%20Cocos%20Islands
|
John Ross, King of Cocos Islands
|
John Ross, King of Cocos Islands is a 1940 Australian radio play by John Morgan about John Ross of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. It was the first play from Morgan, a New Zealander who lived in Sydney and worked as the manager of a firm.
It was produced as part of the 1940 Australian Radio Competition.
Premise
According to ABC Weekly, "It tells the true - life story of a Scotsman who took up residence in the Cocos Islands, at that time unclaimed by any nation; challenged Alexander Hare, the self-appointed sultan of the Islands, for control; applied to the British Government for official protection. His son was appointed by Britain to govern the Islands, and today the fifth John Ross rules there as hereditary Governor."
According to Wireless Weekly, the play was "based on many versions, both official and unofficial, of the conflict between Ross and Alexander Hare, for sovereignty of the islands where John Ross the Fifth now reigns as hereditary governor. Hare was a governor of Borneo, who had to give up his position when the Dutch bought the island from Britain. Having any amount of money, he set himself up on the Cocos-Keeling group of islands, with a harem of eighty-four dancing girls, and slaves, and orchestra. Ross was appointed his trading partner. But Ross, being a monogamous. God-fearing Scot soon quarrelled, and lived with his wife on an adjacent island. A curious situation arose. Ross performing the marriage ceremony for members of Hare’s harem, who escaped with sailors and swam across to Ross’s island."
| 2.625 | 0 |
75938302
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongly-polynomial%20time
|
Strongly-polynomial time
|
However, if an algorithm runs in polynomial time in the arithmetic model, and in addition, the binary length of all inputs, outputs, and intermediate values is polynomial in the number of input values, then it is always polynomial-time in the Turing model. Such an algorithm is said to run in strongly polynomial time.
Definition
Strongly polynomial time is defined in the arithmetic model of computation. In this model of computation the basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparison) take a unit time step to perform, regardless of the sizes of the operands. The algorithm runs in strongly polynomial time if:
the number of operations in the arithmetic model of computation is bounded by a polynomial in the number of integers in the input instance; and
the space used by the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the size of the input.
Any algorithm with these two properties can be converted to a polynomial time algorithm by replacing the arithmetic operations by suitable algorithms for performing the arithmetic operations on a Turing machine. The second condition is strictly necessary: given the integer (which takes up space proportional to n in the Turing machine model), it is possible to compute with n multiplications using repeated squaring. However, the space used to represent is proportional to , and thus exponential rather than polynomial in the space used to represent the input. Hence, it is not possible to carry out this computation in polynomial time on a Turing machine, but it is possible to compute it by polynomially many arithmetic operations.
| 2.109375 | 0 |
75938527
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Anxious%20City
|
The Anxious City
|
Delvaux painted the man in the suit and bowler hat for the first time in The Anxious City and included him in several paintings over the next few years. This man typically appears unaware of his surroundings, whether he is among nude women or faces some catastrophe everybody else reacts to. Delvaux said he was based on a real person who walked by his house in Brussels every day. He wrote about the man's inclusion in The Anxious City:
Analysis and reception
In 1969, André Fermigier of Le Nouvel Observateur wrote that The Anxious City is Delvaux's masterpiece and highlighted its ambitious composition. He wrote that it recalls The Massacres of the Triumvirate by Antoine Caron, the depictions of panic in Nicolas Poussin's paintings and "bizarre mythologies of the Renaissance". Fermigier wrote that its elements are combined in a way that evokes the atmosphere of the time it was made. Ronny Cohen wrote for Artforum in 1985 that the complex composition turns the figures into symbols through their scale, positions and contrasts between neutrally coloured areas and red and yellow surfaces. He interpreted the painting as a work about death and the horror felt during World War II, contrasted by the suited man who emits a sense of reason, and by the bare-breasted women at the front, whose radiating skin made Cohen interpret them as goddesses who witness the tragedy of mortals.
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Libertadores finals (1961 and 1968)
In 1961, Palmeiras qualified for its first Libertadores on the second edition of the competition. In its group it only had Independiente from Argentina winning both the matches, eliminating Independiente and qualifying for the semi-finals in which they faced the Colombian team, Santa Fe winning them 6–4 on aggregate and advancing to the final where the team faced Penarol. Palmeiras lost 2–1 on aggregate, but became the first Brazilian team to reach the final of the tournament.
The first leg was played on 4 June 1961, at the Centenario Stadium in Montevideo, where Peñarol would beat Palmeiras 1–0. While the second leg was played on Sunday, 11 June at the Pacaembú Stadium in São Paulo, where Palmeiras and Peñarol tied 1 to 1.
Peñarol was once again crowned champion, after having won the title in the first edition. He thus became the first two-time champion of America. In addition, they obtained the right to play in the 1961 Intercontinental Cup against Benfica of Portugal, and also automatically qualified for the next edition of the tournament.
After 1961, Palmeiras then qualified for the Copa Libertadores of 1968 after winning the 1967 Campeonato Brasileiro. Palmeiras started off great, topping its group of four and advancing to the second round of which they also topped. In the semi-finals that team won Penarol, which at the time were the biggest winners of the competition. Palmeiras advanced to final, losing the first leg and winning the second leg. In playoffs Palmeiras suffered a 2–0 defeat and lost the final once again.
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Palmeiras faced a challenging road to the finals, defeating the defending champions Vasco da Gama in the round of 16 by 5–3 on aggregate, rival Corinthians in the quarterfinals on penalties, and 1996 Copa Libertadores winners River Plate in the semi-finals by 3–1 on aggregate.
Palmeiras' base team, in addition to goalkeeper Marcos, who replaced the injured archer Velloso in the group stage of the competition, was made up of full-backs Arce (right) and Júnior (left); by defenders Júnior Baiano and Roque Júnior; midfielders César Sampaio and Rogério; midfielders Alex and Zinho; and by attackers Paulo Nunes and Oséas. Strikers, Evair and Euller also played an important role in the victory, as well as defender Cléber and midfielder Galeano.
The 1999 Libertadores final indicated that there would be an unprecedented champion, as neither Palmeiras nor Deportivo Cali had won the tournament until then. The Palestrina team was runner-up in 1961 and 1968, while the Colombian team was runner-up in 1978. This was the first, and to this day only, time that Palmeiras and Deportivo Cali faced each other in the Libertadores.
The final matches were against Colombian team Deportivo Cali, the 1978 Copa Libertadores runners up. In the first leg in Cali, Deportivo beat Palmeiras 1–0. In the second leg, at Estádio Palestra Itália, Palmeiras beat Deportivo 2–1 and won the competition in a penalty shootout.
In the quarter-finals of the tournament, Palmeiras eliminated arch-rivals compatriot Corinthians. Both matches were held at the Morumbi Stadium and ended with a score of 2–0: in the first, Palmeiras won; in the second, from Corinthians. As a result, the decision went to penalties, with the team in green and white winning 4–2. A similar elimination would happen again in 2000, also after a penalty shootout (5–4) between the arch-rivals, but already in semi-final phase of the continental competition, which took Palmeiras to the decision.
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