id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
381
| title
stringlengths 1
211
| text
stringlengths 1.02k
2.05k
| edu_quality
float64 1.91
4.03
| naive_quality
int64 0
0
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
75863713
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadar%20%28Drinja%C4%8Da%29
|
Jadar (Drinjača)
|
Jadar is a river in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It originates from the Zeleni and Studeni Jadar, which meet in Milići. The Studeni Jadar springs out in the village of Zalukovik near Vlasenica, and the Zeleni below Kuka hill (1100 m). It also flows through a canyon with steep almost vertical slopes.
It flows into the Drinjača near Kušlat fortress. The Jadar basin divides the areas of historic župas, Birać and Ludmer.
The Drinjača including its major tributaries like Jadar is a natural spawning ground for huchen, and now there are grayling and brown trout. All these fish species are endangered by overfishing by the local population living on the riverbanks, but most of all by pollution. The river is polluted by the bauxite mine from Milići, which discharges its wastewater into the river. During the year, this water is completely red with ore. Upstream of Milići, both Jadar's are unpolluted and clear rivers, without settlements and human activities.
Jadar region
At the mouth of the Drinjač, on the other side of the Jadar, rises an unusually steep rock, on top of which a mosque is built. Bosnian-Herzegovinian Nobel laureate, writer Ivo Andrić, wrote down, passing by Kušlat, an often quoted thought:
Reference
| 2.5625 | 0 |
75863906
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20S.%20Shellabarger
|
David S. Shellabarger
|
Milling and Elevator career
Shellabarger arrived in Decatur, Illinois, in 1856 with a loan from his father. He subsequently bought a one-third milling interest of Henkle, Shellabarger and Co. In 1859, Shellabarger sold his interest, and used the proceeds to buy The Great Western Mill, changing the name to Shellabarger Mill. He incorporated the business as the Shellabarger Mill & Elevator Co. in 1888 for $250,000, giving each of his three sons a one-sixth interest in the capital stock.
Shellabarger was progressive and quick to adopt new inventions with his mills for both increased productivity and safety for his employees. He bought grains from the Midwest farmers, and was the first in Illinois to adopt the roller system and the GEO T Smith purifiers.
As more farmland opened in the west, Shellabarger bought elevators and mills across Illinois and Kansas and decreased the milling of wheat to corn. By 1901, his practices produced both large milling capacities and elevator capacity for 250,000 bushels of grain and warehouses capable of storing 10,000 barrels of flour and corn products; an annual business of $2,000,000.
| 2.390625 | 0 |
75863906
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20S.%20Shellabarger
|
David S. Shellabarger
|
Shellabarger was also President of the Manufacturers and Consumers Coal Company of Decatur. Since 1902, he acted as president and Director of the Board of the National Bank of Decatur.
Politics and civics
Aside from his business endeavours, Shellabarger took an interest in political and civic matters. He was dedicated to the Republican Party and when of voting age, his first vote for president was for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. He acted as alderman in 1869, 1870, and 1871. In 1872 he served as mayor of Decatur, creating the first water works for the city. For two terms in 1880 and 1881 he was elected to represent the Decatur township on the board of supervisors and for fifteen years was member and President of the board of education. He was a candidate for Congress in 1904 but was defeated for the office by William B. McKinley. Shellabarger was the first to respond when citizens of Decatur were asked to raise $100,000 to meet the offer of James Millikin in establishing the James Millikin University. In 1910 his home in Decatur was used as an annex for the city high school.
| 2.515625 | 0 |
75864179
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elli%20Stenberg
|
Elli Stenberg
|
Ellen Aleksandra Stenberg (17 March 19036 July 1987) was a Finnish politician and member of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. A member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) and the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), she represented Häme Province North between April 1945 and April 1966. Prior to being elected, she was imprisoned for twelve years for political reasons.
Early life
Stenberg was born on 17 March 1903 in Tampere in the south-west of the Grand Duchy of Finland. She was the daughter of coachman Frans Oskar Stenberg and seamstress Hilma Aleksandra Pataniitty. She attended folk school and evening vocational school (1920-1922). She studied at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West in Leningrad from 1924 to 1928.
Stenberg started working in 1915 when she was still a child. She was a milliner and fur worker in Tampere from 1917 to 1924. Later she was a teacher in Gatchina in the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1929.
Politics and imprisonment
As a child Stenberg joined Ihanneliitto, a social democratic youth organisation. During the Finnish Civil War in 1918 she served as a messenger for the Reds. She joined the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in 1921 and was the party's women organiser in Helsinki from 1929 to 1930.
| 2 | 0 |
75864232
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jir%C3%B3n%20Caylloma
|
Jirón Caylloma
|
The home of poet José Santos Chocano is located in the former Argandoña street. The 479.58 m2 building was built 1864-1865, inhabited by Chocano's family since 1874. He was born on May 14 of the following year. In 1922, while in a ceremony at the Palacio de la Exposición with Augusto B. Leguía, a plaque was placed in his home, the work of sculptor David Lozano.
Also located in the street is the Art Nouveau-decorated Pancorvo Building, named after the Pancorvo Brothers' company, who owned it.
On October 28, 1823, José Olaya, a spy for the Patriot side of the Peruvian War of Independence, was captured carrying correspondence from Callao, where Antonio José de Sucre was located. He was later executed on what became known as the Pasaje Olaya.
By 2012, the street was reported to be extremely dangerous at night due to its number of hostile homeless persons and criminals.
The street saw two fires in 2023, the first took place in May as a result of a failed irregular vacancy attempt which led to 40 arrests, and the second one took place in October, close to the Casa de Bolognesi, after an illegal warehouse caught on fire.
| 1.984375 | 0 |
75864308
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitable%20zone%20for%20complex%20life
|
Habitable zone for complex life
|
A Habitable Zone for Complex Life (HZCL) is a range of distances from a star suitable for complex aerobic life. Different types of limitations preventing complex life give rise to different zones. Conventional habitable zones are based on compatibility with water. Most zones start at a distance from the host star and then end at a distance farther from the star. A planet would need to orbit inside the boundaries of this zone. With multiple zonal constraints, the zones would need to overlap for the planet to support complex life. The requirements for bacterial life produce much larger zones than those for complex life, which requires a very narrow zone.
Exoplanets
The first confirmed exoplanets was discovered in 1992, several planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. Since then the list of exoplanets has grown to the thousands. Most exoplanets are hot Jupiter planets, that orbit very close the star. Many exoplanets are super-Earths, that could be a gas dwarf or large rocky planet, like Kepler-442b at a mass 2.36 times Earths.
Star
| 2.859375 | 0 |
75864308
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitable%20zone%20for%20complex%20life
|
Habitable zone for complex life
|
Unstable stars are young and old stars, or very large or small stars. Unstable stars have changing solar luminosity that changes the size of the life habitable zones. Unstable stars also produce extreme solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Solar flares and coronal mass ejections can strip away a planet's atmosphere that is not replaceable. Thus life habitable zones require and very stable star like the Sun, at ±0.1% solar luminosity change. Finding a stable star, like the Sun, is the search for a solar twin, with solar analogs that have been found. Proper star metallicity, size, mass, age, color, and temperature are also very important to having low luminosity variations. The Sun is unique as it is metal rich for its age and type, a G2V star. The Sun is currently in its most stable stage and has the correct metallicity to make it very stable. Dwarf stars (red dwarf/orange dwarf/brown dwarf/subdwarf) are not only unstable, but also emit low energy, so the habitable zone is very close to the star and planets become tidally locked on the timescales needed for the development of life. Giant stars (subgiant/giant star/red giant/red supergiant) are unstable and emit high energy, so the habitable zone is very far from the star. Multiple-star systems are also very common and are not suitable for complex life, as the planet orbit would be unstable due to multiple gravitational forces and solar radiation. Liquid water is possible in Multiple-star systems.
Named habitable zones
| 3.171875 | 0 |
75864308
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitable%20zone%20for%20complex%20life
|
Habitable zone for complex life
|
Supergalactic habitable zone: a place in a supercluster of galaxies that can provide for habitability of planets. The supergalactic habitable zone takes into account events in galaxies that can end habitability not only in a galaxy, but all galaxies nearby, such as galaxies merging, active galactic nucleus, starburst galaxy, supermassive black holes and merging black holes, all which output intense radiation. The supergalactic habitable zone also takes into account the abundance of various chemical elements in the galaxy, as not all galaxies or regions within have all the needed elements for life.
Habitable zone for complex life (HZCL): the place that all the life habitable zones overlap for a long period of time, as in the Solar System. The list of habitable zones for complex life has grown longer with increasing understanding of the Universe, galaxies, and the Solar System. Complex life is normally defined as eukaryote life forms, including all animals, plants, fungi, and most unicellular organisms. Simple life forms are normally defined as prokaryotes.
| 2.828125 | 0 |
75864429
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Dauguet
|
Marie Dauguet
|
Some poems also show the influence of fin-de-siècle philosophy and literature on the author, notably Arthur Schopenhauer and Symbolism. She uses evocations of Hindu or pagan divinities such as Maya and Pan, as well as ancient Greek myths, from which she borrows names (Mainalo, Erymanthus, Cypris) or creatures (nymphs, fauns). According to Ida Merello, Dauguet's poems create a philosophical system influenced by Schopenhauer, but also by experimental psychology and Freud's theories. His worldview is characterized by its pantheism, and several of his poems evoke a sensual abandonment to nature, or erotic metaphors, such as :
"A poet of nature"
On the frontispiece to Les Pastorales, published in 1908, Dauguet writes: "." ("To your great shadow, Virgil, I dedicate these songs of a shepherd and a plowman.") Indeed, the direct environment of the poet, who grew up "in the midst of nature", is a central theme in her work, reflecting her attachment to the earth and her pantheistic vision of the world. From her earliest poems onwards, she gives pride of place to all the sensations nature gives her, and to her attraction to it. In (1902), she evokes the work and daily life of the farm, but also her meditations and vertigo, alone in front of the landscape. Les Pastorales gives greater prominence to sensuality and physical sensations, personifying nature as a lover:
This personification continues in (1911):
Smells, often precisely named, are an important element in her descriptions of nature, and contemporary critics describe her poetry as "odoral." Her series of poems entitled , in particular, suggests all the smells of the fields, to which she gives a metaphysical meaning. For Michel Décaudin, these "odoral images" are a feature of her "lyricism of nature."
| 2.28125 | 0 |
75864429
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Dauguet
|
Marie Dauguet
|
Her image as a poet of nature is widely disseminated by critics, who see in it the mark of her authenticity: she uses patois words and is described as "a true peasant" (Alphonse Séché), who "admirably responds to the idea one has of a poet of nature" (Remy de Gourmont). For Jean de Gourmont, Dauguet "reaches her most perfect beauty" when she speaks her "simple, almost rural language."
Style
Versification
Dauguet does not confine herself to either classical or free verse, and her collections include poems in alexandrine as well as poems close to prose. Her opinion on free verse seems to have evolved over time: she replied to Alphonse Séché, for the anthology published in 1908: "I admit to free verse; but regular verse subjected to a rigorous restraint becomes more nervous and more vivid." But for Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's study of free verse, published in 1909, she replied that "free verse is, in literary aesthetics, the last effort in the evolution begun by Romanticism" and that it is linked to music, and indeed "often misunderstood because there are very few excellent poets who are excellent musicians."
Symbolist or naturist
Jean de Gourmont emphasizes Dauguet's allegiance to Symbolism, through his propensity to suggest rather than describe, which characterizes this poetic style. One of his poems in the Parfums series is dedicated to Joris-Karl Huysmans, a major figure in early Symbolism, and Gourmont again notes Dauguet's "synesthesias", which he says come from Huysmans' influence. For her part, the poet associates synesthesia and free verse, two legacies of Symbolism. Her theories are reminiscent of Baudelaire's , another source of inspiration for the Symbolists. Her first collection, , was published by Vanier, one of the leading publishers of the decadents and symbolists.
| 1.992188 | 0 |
75864630
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimulus%20bonariensis
|
Bulimulus bonariensis
|
The normal diet is dead and decaying plant matter. They tend to aggregate in moist microhabitats.
Bulimulus bonariensis is an emerging crop pest. Concerns include interfering with irrigation equipment by covering microjets and being sucked into peanut harvesting equipment, causing contamination. It does not normally consume crops, but may feed on crop plants at sites of previous damage (e.g., from frost or other herbivores) or on seedlings. Like other successful invasive species, high reproductive capacity, a generalist diet, and release from co-evolved enemies have probably contributed to its spread. They are apparently eaten by Limpkins.
Taxonomy
Bulimulus bonariensis was originally described as Siphalomphix bonariensis by Rafinesque in 1833. The type locality is north-eastern Argentina.
The following subspecies are recognised:
Bulimulus bonariensis bonariensis (Rafinesque, 1833)
Bulimulus bonariensis sporadicus (d'Orbigny, 1835)
Etymology
The specific epithet bonariensis means 'from Buenos Aires, Argentina'.
| 2.671875 | 0 |
75864891
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TZ%20Fornacis
|
TZ Fornacis
|
The primary component, designated TZ Fornacis 1, has a spectrum that matches an aging G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III. It is estimated to be 1.2 billion years old and is spinning in synchronicity with the orbital rotation. Based on the abundance of iron, the metallicity of this star is essentially the same as in the Sun. It has double the mass of the Sun and has expanded to over 8 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 37 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,930 K.
The secondary star, designated TZ Fornacis 2, is an F-type subgiant star with a class of F7 III. Models suggest it has just left the main sequence. The star is still small enough that its rotation rate hasn't been significantly impacted by tidal interaction. It has a relatively high projected rotational velocity of 46 km/s. The star has nearly double the mass of the Sun and four times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 23 times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 6,650 K, making it the hotter star in this system.
| 2.21875 | 0 |
75865180
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20Barbieri
|
Amelia Barbieri
|
Rwanda (1983–2012)
Barbieri's first posting in 1983 was in Rugabano, in the Karongi District of western Rwanda, where she worked as a nurse. She then founded a maternity center in Shyorongi in the Rulindo District in the Northern Province, about from the Rwandan capital of Kigali. After training African staff to take over the center, a few years later, she moved to Byumba, where she worked as a lay missionary and cared for abandoned children. Byumba is the capital of Gicumbi District, neighbors the border with Uganda, and lies approximately from Kigali. Since the late 1950s, the city had been the site of massacres in the ethnic conflicts between the Hutu and Tutsi peoples. Many Rwandan Tutsis had grown up in refugee camps in Uganda and dreamed of returning to Rwanda, although return was prohibited during the Habyarimana presidency (1973–1994). In 1986, these refugees formed the Rwandan Patriotic Front and in 1990 demanded the right to resettle in Rwanda. They formed a militia and began marching toward Kigali in October, but were halted by French and Belgian forces, beginning the Rwandan Civil War. By the end of the year, most of the territory around Byumba was controlled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, which had become the center for refuge efforts with people being brought there from other parts of the country for medical treatment. Writer Fergal Keane in describing the area said that during the genocide, Rwanda became "a country of corpses and orphans" and policy expert Fatuma Ndangiza stated that the streets were overrun with homeless children.
| 2.515625 | 0 |
75865180
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20Barbieri
|
Amelia Barbieri
|
Barbieri gave an account of the journey to Italian newspapers. She said that because the main roads were mined, their convoy of children in three rented minivans and a four-wheel drive she drove herself, followed a ten-hour circuitous route through the mountains and forests, following river beds. They did not stop for rest or sustenance and often heard shooting, after they left Gahini. Although the rebels wanted them to take twenty injured children from the Gahini hospital, most of them had injuries that were too serious for them to survive the flight. Three of the children from the hospital were taken with Barbieri's orphans to Kampala airport. Fanfani arranged for a plane to fly into the country bringing relief supplies including clothing, medicines and medical supplies, solar-powered water-filtration systems and agricultural equipment. On the return flight, the plane airlifted Barbieri and all of the children to Italy. They landed in Bergamo at the end of April and were then taken to U.O.S. Cerris, a care center in Verona, which had previously been an orphanage. Most of the children had dysentery and other medical problems like bronchopneumonia. They were fed, clothed, and treated while the staff sorted through adoption requests. Barbieri was honored as a (Commander of Merit of the Republic) in May 1994 by Italian President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro.
After the civil war ended, in 1995 the Rwandan government demanded that Barbieri and the orphans return to Muhura, which they did. In 2008, she turned the day-to-day management of the home over to Congolese nuns and focused on fundraising through the (Friends of Grandma Amelia Association). Although mentally sound, physical ailments forced Barbieri to return to San Vito di Leguzzano in 2012, where she lived until 2015, when she entered the (Panciera Home Institute) in Schio.
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75865180
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20Barbieri
|
Amelia Barbieri
|
Death and legacy
Barbieri died on 20 August 2016 in Schio, and was buried in the family plot at the San Vito di Leguzzano Cemetery. At the time of her death, she was remembered for her work as a lay missionary in Rwanda. The St. Joseph Orphanage was renamed (Saint Joseph's Home) by Rwandan and Congolese staff affiliated with the Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul. The Rwandan government suspended foreign adoptions in 2010, banned foreigners inside the country from adopting children in 2016, and began to phase out orphanages in 2018. The policies made the situation for orphans more difficult. The sisters running Saint Joseph's sought foreign sponsorship for their charges from the (Movement to Fight World Hunger), which in 2014 helped establish a fish farm to provide food for the children and income from the sale of excess fish. In 2018, when the government ordered orphanages to close, the matron, Sister Odille, converted the home into the Nonna Amelia Nursery and Primary School. In 2022, it was ranked among the best schools in the Gatsibo District.
| 2.296875 | 0 |
75865513
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Edward%20Augustin%20Aikin
|
William Edward Augustin Aikin
|
William Edward Augustin Aikin (6 February 1807 – 31 May 1888), known professionally as William E. A. Aikin, was an American analytical chemist and natural scientist. He was chair of the chemistry department at the University of Maryland from 1837 to 1883. While most of his work focused on chemistry, he held accomplishments in other fields in the natural sciences.
Early years, education, and personal life
Aikin was born in Rensselaer County, New York on February 6, 1807. He graduated from the Rensselaer Institute in 1829 and shortly thereafter earned a license from the New York State Medical Society. Aikin married twice and had 28 children. He outlived both wives and all but three of his children.
Academic career
Despite completing his training and earning an honorary M.D. degree from the Vermont Academy of Medicine, Aikin turned away from the medical profession and took a position in 1833 teaching natural sciences at the Western Female Collegiate Institute in Pittsburgh. In Baltimore, he became an associate professor teaching chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Maryland for one year until he was elected chair of the chemistry department in October 1837. He filled that role until his withdrawal as Emeritus Professor in 1883.
He was Dean of the School of Medicine at the university from 1840–1841 and from 1844 to 1855. Other positions he held included Professor of Natural Philosophy in the School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Maryland, Lecturer at the Maryland Institute, and Professor of Physics, Chemistry, and Natural Philosophy at Mount Saint Mary's College in Emmitsburg.
| 2.546875 | 0 |
75865624
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Reunion
|
Operation Reunion
|
As the German raids continued, the Allied prisoners were released from the Timișul de Jos and Bucharest POW camps and allowed to hide in the trenches outside, being also given some firearms to defend themselves. At the same time, a delegation of the prisoners requested General Racoviță, the War Minister, that they should be organized into a combat unit under Romanian command to fight the Germans. Following the request, around 900 POWs from Bucharest were moved to the barracks of the 4th Vânători Regiment, south of Ghencea. They were given carbines, pistols, as well as two trucks and two motorcycles with sidecars, and were organized into a battalion of four companies. The American POW unit was short-lived, however, as the commanding Romanian officers determined that the American airmen lacked the discipline and training required to fight the Germans. The American prisoners were however instructed to travel in open top cars, if possible, so that the population could see them and inform their German friends that American troops were in Bucharest. Several Americans were killed during the German raids and others were wounded.
During this time, the problem of repatriating the Allied POWs before the arrival of Soviet troops, who could have used them as bargaining chips, also arose. As the highest ranking American officer, Lt. Col. James "Pappy" Gunn, former commander of the 454th Bombardment Group who was shot down on 17 August, devised a plan to repatriate the American and British airmen.
On 24 August, Gunn met with Valeriu "Rică" Georgescu, a former collaborator with the British Special Operations Executive who was released from prison on the same day. Georgescu also managed to contact the Cairo command via radio and requested an urgent airstrike over the German troop positions at Băneasa and Otopeni. At the same time, Georgescu introduced Gunn to Prime Minister Sănătescu, General Racoviță, and Iuliu Maniu, the leader of the National Peasants' Party.
| 2.1875 | 0 |
75865747
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descending%20reflectivity%20core
|
Descending reflectivity core
|
A descending reflectivity core (DRC), sometimes referred to as a blob, is a meteorological phenomenon observed in supercell thunderstorms, characterized by a localized, small-scale area of enhanced radar reflectivity that descends from the echo overhang into the lower levels of the storm. Typically found on the right rear flank of supercells, DRCs are significant for their potential role in the development or intensification of low-level rotation within these storms. The descent of DRCs has been associated with the formation and evolution of hook echoes, a key radar signature of supercells, suggesting a complex interplay between these cores and storm dynamics.
First identified and studied through mobile Doppler radar observations, DRCs offer a higher resolution perspective than traditional operational radars, enabling a detailed examination of their structure and behavior. However, these observations often lack a broader, larger-scale view, limiting insights into the origin of DRCs and their relationship with other storm features. Advances in three-dimensional numerical simulations have furthered understanding of DRCs, shedding light on their formation mechanisms, their interaction with the storm's wind field, and the accompanying thermodynamic environment.
Despite their prominence in research, DRCs present challenges in operational meteorology, particularly in forecasting tornado development. The variability in the relationship between DRC observations and changes in the storm's low-level wind field has resulted in mixed results regarding their predictive value for tornadogenesis.
Observation and Analysis
| 2.359375 | 0 |
75866408
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaviota%20Hot%20Springs
|
Gaviota Hot Springs
|
Gaviota Hot Springs is a geothermal feature in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. The two pools are accessible from the Gaviota Peak trail in Gaviota State Park. Gaviota Hot Springs is sometimes called Las Cruces Hot Springs or Sulphur Springs. The hot springs lie within the Hot Springs Creek watershed, near the junction of U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1.
History
The springs were known to the indigenous peoples of the area, and are located on land that was Rancho Las Cruces during the Mexican era of California. As early as 1880 there was a hotel at the village of Las Cruces advertising the medicinal benefits of the nearby hot sulfur springs. The hotel was an adobe tavern on the side of the road that also served as the local brothel.
A 1893 account of camping at the springs describes hanging hammocks from the sycamores around the pool, and needing to clear accumulated mud out of the roughly by bathing hole before it could be enjoyed by the group. In 1896 the third edition of California of the South claimed that the Las Cruces Springs "had quite a local reputation for curing skin diseases and rheumatism." In 1907 a promotional booklet published by California boosters described Las Cruces as one of three known hot springs in Santa Barbara County:
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75866451
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer%20Lao%20people
|
Khmer Lao people
|
History
Northeastern Cambodia was originally inhabited and controlled by Khmer people but ethnic Lao began to migrate to southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia around the fourteenth century, taking advantage of the power decline in Angkor. In 1353 king Fa Ngum extended Lao influence to the Khone Falls now situated at the border of Laos and Cambodia. Lao migration increased in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, leading in 1713 to the establishment of the independent Champasak Kingdom in areas now belonging to southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia. The kingdom became a Siamese vassal state in 1778. In the late 1880s, under Siam, Champassak devised a plan to secure territories amid French colonial ambitions. They succeeded in establishing what is known now as Veun Sai village in Cambodia and gained considerable influence in the Sesan Bassin. Stung Treng city (Xiang Teng in Lao) was founded by a Laotian monk named Seang Peng from Vientiane. The Lao name Xiang Teng later gave the Khmer "Stung Treng".
The Lao were not able to prevent the French from gaining control of the Sesan River Basin in 1893, including its most important center, the city of Stung Treng, located where the Sekong River, which the Sesan River flows into, enters the Mekong River.
Lao people however succeeded in maintaining considerable influence in the region when it was part of French Laos. Despite the large Lao population, the French later transferred the northeastern-most part of Cambodia from Laos to Cambodia in 1904 following demands by the government of Cambodia motivated by historical claims. Even after Cambodia's independence, Lao influence in Stung Treng and Ratanakiri Provinces remained strong despite Khmerization efforts, including language restrictions imposed by the Sangkum Reastr Niyum government in the 1960s.
| 2.96875 | 0 |
75867649
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavi%20Darbar
|
Kavi Darbar
|
According to Roopinder Singh, when the guruship passed from Guru Tegh Bahadur to Guru Gobind Singh, the latter inherited his father's courtly poets. The poets produced literature in a variety of languages, some examples being Braj, Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and Punjabi. According to Kavi Santokh Singh in the Suraj Prakash, the total weight of the literature produced by the Anandpur Darbar assembly weighed a total of 350 kilograms. However, all of this literature, aside from a tiny surviving portion of material that was transferred out of the area earlier, was lost when the Khalsa evacuated Anandpur in December 1705 due to aggression from hostile forces. The literature produced by the Anandpur Kavi Darbar was lost in the ensuing action of the Sikhs crossing the Sirsa Rivulet, splitting up from each other in confusion, and being attacked by Mughal forces, including at Chamkaur Sahib. According to D. P. Singh and Khushwant Singh, it is said that around fourteen maunds (approximately 498 kilograms) worth of literature produced by the Sikh Kavi Darbars was lost during the Sirsa Rivulet crossing.
Paonta Darbar
The Paonta Darbar was based in Paonta Sahib. It was established after Raja Medini Prakash of Nahan invited Guru Gobind Singh to settle in his domain in April 1685. The Guru built a fort in the area of Paonta and would establish a poetic court as a result.
Anandpur Darbar
The Anandpur Darbar was based in Anandpur Sahib. The names of the poets active at the Anandpur Darbar were Amrit Rai, Ani Rai, Siam, Sainapati, Alam, Tahikan, Daya Singh, Sukha Singh, and Dharam Singh. They were tasked with translating ancient Sanskrit treatises into Braj, Sadh Bhakha, and Punjabi.
| 2.546875 | 0 |
75867756
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garad%20saree
|
Garad saree
|
Garad saree () is a traditional handwoven saree (sari) of West Bengal. It is produced in Murshidabad and Birbhum districts of West Bengal. Mrityunjay Sarkar, a weaver of Mirzapur, is the inventor of this famous saree. This handloom saree is famous for the beautiful delicate designs on the anchal and "butti", the use of 100% pure silk in the weave and the saree fineness of the fabric. In 2024, Garad Saree received recognition as a Registered Geographical indication.
This saree is traditionally woven on fly shuttle pit looms using 90-92S silk yarn and golden zari yarn. Plain border and ground, or additional warp J/C or jala designs on the border and ground are observed on sarees. In the past, the saree had no design on the border, body and aanchal, and this saree was a symbol of holiness, purity and good shine. Even at present, Bengali Hindu women wear this saree during pujas, especially during the Ashtami puja of Durga Puja and the Sindur khela on the day of Bishorjan. The specialty of the Garad saree is that it is given a simple traditional Kha'i Māṛa or Khai Finish and finally folded into a special shape called pat.
The weaving community of Raghunathganj and Murarai regions, make these sarees. As of 2024, more than 600 looms are involved in Garad saree weaving in Murshidabad and Birbhum districts of West Bengal. In the financial year 2018–19, Garad sarees with a value of crore were traded.
History
The silk industry of Murshidabad district is quite old, silk industry has been the main industry for the last three centuries. The district was famous for silk during the pre-British period. At that time, the main center of the silk industry was Cossimbazar in Murshidabad, where the company opened a factory around 1658 AD. Initially, factory operations were limited. Cossimbazar was the general silk market of Bengal; from here it was exported to a large part of Asia.
| 2.5 | 0 |
75868160
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Zierikzee%20%281351%29
|
Siege of Zierikzee (1351)
|
The 1351 siege in Dutch Historiography
In Dutch historiography, the 1351 siege of Zierikzee remained unknown for a very long time. Jan van Boendale's statement that William chased his mother from Zierikzee with his army remained unnoticed. Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the above safe conduct letter in the municipal archives of Zierikzee. He did not note the somewhat later treaty. Jan Wagenaar (1709–1773) also did not know about the 1351 siege of Zierikzee. He simply assumed that Margaret went straight to England after the Battle of Zwartewaal.
In the 1770s Marinus Jan de Jonge found the 21 August 1351 treaty by which Zierikzee changed sides in the municipal archives of Zierikzee. He made it one of the subjects of his thesis. In 1790 Hendrik van Wijn picked up De Jonge's find, and mentioned an August 1351 siege of Zierikzee, ending in a truce and the city submitting to William at the start of October. Johan de Kanter, published his Chronyk van Zierikzee in 1794. He missed the 1351 siege.
Rijksarchivaris (Chief Archivist of the Dutch National Archives) Johannes Cornelis de Jonge (1793–1853), was a nephew of Marinus Jan, and a native of Zierikzee. In his 'Verhandeling over den oorsprong der Hoeksche en Kabeljaauwsche twisten' he of course mentioned the siege, and the publication of the two charters by his uncle in 1778.
| 2.265625 | 0 |
75868662
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafiqur%20Rahman%20Nadwi
|
Shafiqur Rahman Nadwi
|
Career
Shafiqur Rahman started his teaching career in April 1962 at Madrasa Islah al-Muslimeen Pathar Ki Masjid, Patna, after graduating from Nadwa. After two years, on the suggestion of Abul Irfan Khan Nadwi, the working principal of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, he was appointed as a teacher at Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama in February 1964. He returned to his homeland after serving one year as a teacher and spent seven to eight years as a trader and journalist. In 1972, he became rector of Rifahul Muslimeen in Rampur Kesaria, East Champaran, Bihar. In 1974, on the advice of his teacher Rabey Hasani Nadwi, he was returned to Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama and served there as a teacher until his death.
He also served as the office-in-charge of 150 affiliated madrasas of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama; all activities in this regard were carried out based on his report and recommendations, and he also visited these affiliated madrasas.
On Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi's order, he wrote the book Al-Fiqh Al-Muyassar, which is a curriculum featured in universities throughout the country and overseas, including Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama and all of its branches. Apart from that, his articles have been published both in India and overseas.
His son Tariq Shafiq Nadwi, President of Urdu Department, Islamia College, Gorakhpur, has written an analytical commentary on his five-year activities in the monthly Zikr o Fikr, New Delhi, titled Matā'-e-Zikr-o-Fikr.
He was also among those scholars who considered it right to establish a TV station with the sole purpose of defending Islam and Islamic teachings and propagating the message of Islam.
Death
Shafiqur Rahman died on June 24, 2002 (Rabi' al-Thani 12, 1423 AH) at dawn due to cardiac arrest. The funeral prayer was led by Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi in the premises of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow and he was buried in the Daliganj graveyard. His wife and five children survived him, along with two sons, Tariq Shafiq Nadwi and Khalid Shafiq Nadwi.
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75868995
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anachronism%20in%20Middle-earth
|
Anachronism in Middle-earth
|
Tolkien started writing The Hobbit purely as a children's story, nothing to do with his legendarium. By the time he had completed it, it alluded to Sauron (as the Necromancer) and mentioned Elrond, Esgaroth, and Gondolin: it was being drawn into Middle-earth. All the same, in 1937 when The Hobbit was published, Tolkien expected that that would be as far as the interconnections would go. However, a month later, his publisher, Stanley Unwin, let him know that the public would want "more from you about Hobbits!" Tolkien started work on a sequel, which became The Lord of the Rings, and it necessarily contained both heroic elements and hobbits. The story grew in the telling, and became a feigned history rather than a Silmarillion-like mythology, a fantasy complete with a sub-created secondary world, suitable for adults as well as children. Tolkien laboured to resolve the inconsistencies that the merger of The Hobbit and the mythology created, often successfully; but the anachronism of the hobbits in a more ancient world turned out to be both inherent in the story, and necessary to mediate between the characters of the ancient world and the reader.
In adaptations
Peter Jackson's 2001–2003 film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings introduced further anachronistic elements. The scholar of literature Gwendolyn Morgan comments that Arwen is transformed into a "twenty-first century Buffy the Vampire Slayer", replacing Tolkien's "medieval courtly mistress", while the heroic Aragorn becomes an "angst-ridden, sensitive, existential '90s male", and Saruman's hatching of his Uruk Hai, a specially large breed of orcs, echoes modern concerns about genetic engineering. Then, she notes, there are the jokes about dwarf-tossing, and Legolas's skateboarding "down the stairs on a shield at Helm's Deep", this last becoming hugely popular, "evoking applause and verbal outbursts" in cinemas, things which Morgan suggests "may be more jarring".
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75869286
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira%20de%20Freitas
|
Elvira de Freitas
|
As well as pieces of light music, De Freitas composed songs based on poems by renowned Portuguese poets, such as Fernanda de Castro, and Sebastião da Gama as well as the French poet, Paul Verlaine and the Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca. Her corpus also included pieces for piano, orchestra, and ballet. As a high school singing teacher she produced several pieces of choral music, as well as a cantata. Together with her father, she won a prize for a requiem mass.
In addition to performances on the radio, the works of De Freitas were performed in most of Lisbon's leading theatres, including the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos, the D. Maria II National Theatre, Teatro da Trindade, and the Teatro Avenida. Her work was also performed on radio stations outside Portugal.
Compositions
Among the most notable of the works by De Freitas are:
Sonata for piano (1951)
My Boys’ Christmas, radio poem for narrator and orchestra
The Inheritance for voice, piano, oboe, trumpet and drums
Bandarra's Prophecies, a play in two acts by Almeida Garrett
The Enchanted Forest (premiered at the D. Maria II National Theatre)
Requiem Mass (1975)
Eleven poems of Garcia Lorca for voice, guitar or piano
Death
De Freitas died in Lisbon on 27 June 2015. She was buried at the Lumiar cemetery in Lisbon.
| 2.4375 | 0 |
75869429
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofie%20Madsen
|
Sofie Madsen
|
Over the years her approach gained wider recognition. In 1928, with some 10 children in the building she employed her first helper. In 1933, additional funding allowed her to extend the building into an orphanage for 14 children, while in 1938 the authorities granted psychiatric supervision. In 1941 she acquired Højbo where children could be housed after their treatment had been completed. This became known as Himmelev Children's Home in 1947 which was later extended to include another building. By her 70th birthday in 1967, Madsen had cared for some 300 children. Many of those who had been deemed mentally retarded or insane were able to lead normal lives. In 1961, her efforts were recognized by the Landsforeningen for Mentalhygiejne (Mental Hygiene Association) who awarded her their Antonius Prize. In 1956, Madsen published Hvad børnene lærte mig (What the Children Taught Me) followed by two other works documenting her experiences.
Inspired by Madsen's approach, with her assistance Else Hansen established her Sofieskolen (Sofie School) in 1964 in Bagsværd. Initially caring for 12 children, by 1968 it had grown into a special school for 37 children and today provides facilities for some 60 children.
Sofie Madsen died on 9 February 1982 and was buried in Lille Lyngby.
| 2.796875 | 0 |
75869591
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocarya%20elliptifolia
|
Cryptocarya elliptifolia
|
Cryptocarya elliptifolia is a species of small evergreen tree in the family Lauraceae. It is native to the Philippines and Orchid Island in Taiwan. It is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Taxonomy
Cryptocarya elliptifolia was first described by the American botanist Elmer Drew Merrill in 1919. The type specimen was collected from forests along small streams in San Andres, Catanduanes (previously known as 'Calolbong'). The specific epithet is Latin for "elliptical leaves". It is a member of the genus Cryptocarya in the laurel family Lauraceae.
Distribution
Cryptocarya elliptifolia is native to the Philippines and Orchid Island in Taiwan. Its populations are severely fragmented due to urbanization.
Description
Cryptocarya elliptifolia is a small tree, growing only to around tall. The leaves are large, around long and , ovate to elliptic in shape (hence the name), and tapering to a sharp point (acuminate). They are olive green in color and very smooth. The bark is also smooth and brown to olive green in color. The flowers and fruits are borne on panicles around long. The fruits, which are around in diameter, are round, black when dry, faintly ridged lengthwise and smooth.
| 2.1875 | 0 |
75869747
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Neme%C4%8Dek
|
Robert Nemeček
|
Musical career
Nemeček started his musical career as a member of the progressive/psychedelic rock band Dogovor iz 1804. (transl. The 1804 Agreement, the name alluding to the beginning of the First Serbian Uprising in 1804), formed in 1968 by Nemeček (bass guitar) and Nebojša "Nebe" Ignjatović (acoustic guitar, piano, flute, vocals). Although short-lived, the group was notable as one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav progressive and psychedelic rock scenes. After the band split up in 1970, Nemeček moved to the band Džentlmeni (The Gentlemen), performing in one of the last lineups of the band. Soon after the formation, Bojić left the band, Nemeček and Božinović taking over vocal duties.
In 1972, Nemeček formed the progressive rock band Pop Mašina (Pop Machine) with Zoran Božinović (guitar), Ratislav "Raša" Đelmaš (drums) and Sava Bojić (vocals). Soon after the formation, Bojić left the band, Nemeček and Božinović taking over vocal duties. One of the first bands on the Yugoslav rock scene to move from jazz- and classical music-influenced progressive rock towards heavier rock sound, Pop Mašina managed to gain large popularity with their hard rock sound with blues, psychedelic and acid rock elements. With Pop Mašina Nemeček recorded two studio albums and a live album—the band's debut debut Kiselina (Acid) today considered one of the most notable records in the history of Yugoslav rock music—before leaving the band in 1976 to serve his mandatory stint in the Yugoslav army, Pop Mašina continuing without him and eventually disbanding in 1978. In 1980, Nemeček, Zoran Božinović, guitarist Vidoja Božinović and drummer Vladan Dokić formed the hard rock and heavy metal band Rok Mašina (Rock Machine). The group recorded only one album before disbanding in 1982, a part of the material they recorded for their second studio album ending up on a posthumous mini album.
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75870368
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20B.%20Smith
|
Nathan B. Smith
|
Nathan Button Smith (December 3, 1841 – April 13, 1920) was an American lawyer and politician from Pulaski, New York.
Life
Smith was born on December 3, 1841, in Danby, Vermont. He was the son of Nathan J. Smith, a store owner and member of the Vermont General Assembly, and Alzina Button, the daughter of farmer and Vermont Senate member Frederick Button.
Smith attended the district school and a select school in a neighboring village. In 1857, he began attending Burr and Burton Seminary. He then went to Middlebury College, graduating from there in 1863 with the highest honors in his class. He spent a few months studying in the law office of Governor John Wolcott Stewart of Middlebury. In 1864, he was an assistant clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives. He joined the paymaster's department in 1863, and in 1864 he became an army correspondent.
In the fall of 1865, Smith moved to Pulaski, New York, where he spent nearly two years as principal of the Pulaski Academy. He studied law in the office of S. C. Huntington, and in 1868 he was admitted to the bar and began working as a lawyer. In 1868, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the Oswego County 3rd District. He served in the Assembly in 1869. He was the youngest Assembly member in that year. He declined a renomination so he could return to his law practice. He was elected special surrogate in 1874 and served a three-year term. He was elected district attorney in 1881 and served a three-year term. In 1898, he was appointed Referee in Bankruptcy for the District of Oswego County.
Smith attended the Congregational Church and was a member of the Freemasons. In 1872, he married Ellen Grinnell Cornell. They had two children, Cornell and Walter D.
| 1.976563 | 0 |
75870510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak%C3%B3%20II%20Kaplon
|
Jakó II Kaplon
|
Career
Initially, the clan Kaplon possessed landholdings primarily in Szatmár County, but the brothers Jakó and Andrew acquired estates in Ung and Zemplén counties too, through maternal inheritances. They are first mentioned in 1249 (albeit without names), when their maternal grandmother Agnes (spouse of the aforementioned Peter) donated her dower to them and her two daughters, Catherine (their mother) and Petronilla. The dower contained the estates Mihály and Tapolya (present-day Michalovce, Slovakia) with their accessories along the river Laborec (Laborc) and the forests near Zalacska (today Zalužice, Slovakia). Peter and Agnes donated another villages – Vinna (Vinné), Zalacska and Tarna (Trnava pri Laborci) – surrounding the aforementioned estates to their daughters still in that year. Béla IV confirmed the donations. The names of Jakó and his brother Andrew first appear in contemporary records in 1258, when their maternal aunt Petronilla bequeathed the right of patronage over the Benedictine monastery of Kána, in addition to her portions in the aforementioned villages, to them in her last will and testament.
| 2.25 | 0 |
75870510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak%C3%B3%20II%20Kaplon
|
Jakó II Kaplon
|
Jakó's career, together with Andrew, elevated during the first stage of the so-called feudal anarchy in the 1270s, when various baronial groups fought each other for the supreme power during the reign of the minor Ladislaus IV. Jakó was appointed ispán of Zemplén County in 1273. In that year, the brothers were granted the estates Sztára (today Staré) and Perecse (today a borough of Michalovce, Slovakia) in the county for their loyalty by Ladislaus IV. Jakó and Andrew began to establish Nagymihály lordship, an important centre of their estates in Ung County. Sometime in the last third of the 13th century, they built the castle of Nagymihály, a fortified stronghold in the region (present-day ruins, belongs to Vinné). It is possible that they also erected the nearby Barkó Castle (today ruins above Brekov, Slovakia) in the same period. In 1279, Ladislaus IV donated them the fort of Jeszenő (today Jasenov, Slovakia) with the surrounding forest as a "lost heritage" (the estate and the castle were possessed by Joachim Gutkeled prior to that). However, the castle was owned by Peter, son of Petenye after 1283. The Kaplons' centre, Nagymihály was granted right to hold fair.
Both Jakó and Andrew took part in the Battle on the Marchfeld in August 1278. As a result, Ladislaus confirmed the former royal donations to them. At the height of the internal political crisis, when both Ladislaus IV and papal legate Philip of Fermo were imprisoned, Jakó served as Master of the cupbearers at least from January 1279 to July 1280. During the latter, Jakó and Andrew were involved in a lawsuit with the influential Tekesh kinship over the estate Gelyénes in Szatmár County (near present-day Satu Mare, Romania), which they eventually obtained. They sold the village Kerész (present-day a borough of Krišovská Liesková, Slovakia) in 1289.
| 2.421875 | 0 |
75870510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak%C3%B3%20II%20Kaplon
|
Jakó II Kaplon
|
Both of them swore loyalty to Andrew III, who ascended the Hungarian throne in 1290. They participated in the 1291 Austrian–Hungarian War as military aides to the Hungarian king. In his court, Jakó again served as ispán of Zemplén County in 1299. Jakó and Andrew purchased the land Tiba (today Tibava, Slovakia) in Ung County for 300 marks from local castle warriors in 1290. Andrew III approved the contract in 1291. The brothers erected a small castle there ("Tibavára", today ruins near Podhoroď, Slovakia) around 1300. A certain Michael Budai contested their right of ownership over Sztára and Perecse, but abandoned his claim before a court's justice in 1291. Jakó donated a portion of his estate Sztára (called Felzubugya) to his two loyal familiares in 1301. Jakó and Andrew also possessed the land Gerecse (today a borough of Michalovce) by 1302.
Following the extinction of the Árpád dynasty and the era of Interregnum (1301–1310), Amadeus Aba, as a powerful oligarch, ruled de facto independently the north-eastern region of the Kingdom of Hungary, including Ung County. However, the Kaplons and their province, the Nagymihály lordship were able to maintain their independence. Jakó lost the castle of Barkó on the occasion of an exchange contract with Peter, son of Petenye in 1307. Jakó swore loyalty to Charles I by September 1308, when he was present in the royal court, when the monarch restored the church of Buda to its ecclesiastical rights. Jakó last appears as a living person in contemporary records in October 1311, when donated a possession in Zemplén County of his late son John (I) to his unidentified daughter and his son-in-law Thomas Kendi. It is plausible that he died shortly after. During the Abas' rebellion against Charles I, their troops commanded by Dominic Csicseri pillaged and occupied the castle of Tiba from the Kaplons.
| 2.234375 | 0 |
75870958
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimshon%20Belkin
|
Shimshon Belkin
|
One of the main topics currently occupying the Belkin team is the development of an innovative system for the remote detection of buried landmines and other explosive devices. Landmines are not completely sealed, and traces of explosives escape out of the mine’s casing and accumulate in the soil above it; bacterial sensor strains have been developed in the Belkin lab that sensitively respond to the presence of these traces by the generation of an optical signal, either fluorescence or bioluminescence. These signals can be imaged remotely; thus alleviating the highly risky need for the presence of personnel on the minefield.
Additional research topics investigated by Prof. Belkin and his team over the years include cyanobacterial bioenergetics and hydrogen production, microbiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents (including several research dives in the submersible Alvin), and the characterization and treatment of industrial wastewaters.
Also worth mentioning is the study of the bacterial populations inhabiting the external surfaces of the salt-excreting Tamarix tree. This extreme environment is characterized by almost diurnal fluctuations between complete desiccation during the day, and a very high salinity (up to 4-fold higher than that of seawater) at night, when the salts excreted by the tree onto the leaves’ surface are dissolved by the prevalent dew.
| 1.921875 | 0 |
75871360
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20Abstinence%20from%20Eating%20Animals
|
On Abstinence from Eating Animals
|
On Abstinence from Eating Animals (, ) is a 3rd-century treatise by Porphyry on the ethics of vegetarianism. The four-book treatise was composed by the philosopher as an open letter to Castricius Firmus, a fellow pupil of Plotinus who had renounced a vegetarian diet.
De abstinentia is the most detailed surviving work discussing vegetarianism from classical antiquity. Porphyry advocates for vegetarianism on both spiritual and ethical grounds, applying arguments from his own school of Neoplatonism to counter those in favor of meat-eating from the Stoic, Peripatetic, and Epicurean schools. Porphyry argues that there is a moral obligation to extend justice to animals because they are rational beings. He discusses societies that have been historically vegetarian, the implications of metempsychosis (transmigration of the soul), and offers arguments against animal sacrifice. Porphyry directs his discourse towards philosophers, and does not advocate that people such as soldiers or athletes adopt a vegetarian diet.
According to philosopher Daniel Dombrowski, in De abstinentia Porphyry originated the argument from marginal cases, that is, that if animals are not afforded moral status, then neither should "marginal cases" of human beings such as infants, persons with severe cognitive disabilities, and the senile.
The treatise is written in Koine Greek but is often referred to in academia by the abbreviation of its Latin name, . While the manuscript traditions of the text seem to faithfully represent Porphyry's ideas and arguments, they contain errors and lack fidelity to the original. The entirety of the work is extant except for the ending of the fourth book.
Background
Porphyry was born 234 in Tyre, Roman Phoenicia. He studied under Plotinus and promulgated the philosophy of the Neoplatonists. He composed original works in Greek and wrote On Abstinence from Eating Animals between 263 and 301, most probably between the years 268 and 271 when he was living in Sicily.
| 2.671875 | 0 |
75871533
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Luso-Malabarese%20War
|
First Luso-Malabarese War
|
Afonso de Albuquerque succeeded Dom Francisco as governor of India on November 5, 1509, after the Marshal of Portugal arrived from Portugal with a fleet of 14 ships, and Dom Francisco left for Lisbon, though he'd perish along the way.
Dom Fernando bore orders from King Manuel to destroy Calicut. In order to conceal the objective of the expedition, Albuquerque leaked the information that he was about to attack Goa and gathered intel from a local contact of the Portuguese, the Hindu privateer Timoja. On behalf of the Portuguese, the Trimumpara sent two Brahmins to spy on Calicut while letters were sent to inland lords, vassals and friends in the mountainous country urging them to attack the Zamorin; Albuquerque was also supplied with 20 prahus so he'd be able to land soldiers. The Brahmins reported that the Zamorin had left the city to fight inland, that there were few Nayars in the city and its defenses included some wooden barricades and pitfalls along the beach, plus six large cannon.
The Portuguese gathered 2000 men and 20 ships for the attack. The fleet left Cochin on the last day of December 1509 and anchored off Calicut on January 3, 1510. The beachfront barricades were quickly captured the following day.
| 2.578125 | 0 |
75872569
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20House%20of%20Commons%2C%201793%E2%80%9394
|
The House of Commons, 1793–94
|
The House of Commons, 1793–94 is a large history painting by the Austrian artist Anton Hickel. It was first exhibited in 1795 in the Haymarket. It depicts the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain around the time of the country's first involvement in the French Revolutionary Wars. It shows the Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger at the despatch box engaged in debate. A large number of other political figures of the era are also depicted including opposition Whig leader Charles James Fox.
It shows St Stephen's Chapel which functioned as the chamber of the Commons until Parliament burned down in 1834 and contains ninety seven portraits. Four future Prime Ministers Henry Addington (then Speaker of the House), Lord Liverpool, George Canning and Lord Grey are also depicted. The scene includes the Tory politicians General Sir Henry Clinton, Henry Dundas, Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, Sir Robert Peel, Dudley Ryder, Richard Wellesley, William Wellesley-Pole and William Wilberforce and the Whigs Edmund Burke, Richard FitzPatrick, Admiral Sir John Jervis, Lord John Russell, Richard Brinsley Sheridan and Samuel Whitbread.
Today it is part of the collection of the National Portrait Gallery. It was owned by the Austrian Emperor Francis II whose grandson Franz Joseph presented it to Lady Paget the wife of the British ambassador in 1885, who immediately donated it to the National Portrait Gallery.
| 2.640625 | 0 |
75873137
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20minimization
|
Data minimization
|
Data minimization is the principle of collecting, processing and storing only the necessary amount of personal information required for a specific purpose. The principle emanates from the realisation that processing unnecessary data is creating unnecessary risks for the data subject without creating any current benefit or value. The risks of processing personal data vary from identity theft to unreliable inferences resulting in incorrect, wrongful and potentially dangerous decisions.
The principle of data minimization is a global, universal principle of data protection, and can thus be found in almost every legal or regulatory text on data protection/privacy.
The data minimization principle in regulatory texts worldwide (selection)
The data minimization principle is the second of the six fundamental privacy principles set forth in the General Data Protection Regulation and the UK GDPR.
The OECD Privacy Guidelines refer to the data minimization principle as the Collection Limitation Principle (part two, article 7).
The American Data Privacy and Protection Act (ADPPA), a United States proposed federal online privacy bill that was not enacted included data minimisation as a main principle.
The APEC Privacy Framework includes the data minimization principle, referred to as the Collection Limitation principle, as principle III.
The American Privacy Rights Act (APRA), a comprehensive data privacy law proposed in April 2024 in the United States, includes a section on data minimisation.
The Canadian Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) includes the principle as Principle 4 - Limiting Collection.
| 2.859375 | 0 |
75873971
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Alan
|
Albert Alan
|
Albert Alan is an American financial literacy advocate and author.
Early life and education
Alan was born in 1993, in Tempe, Arizona. In 2017, he graduated from University of Arizona with a Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences, (BSHS) in Physiology, a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Sociology, and a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Neuroscience.
Career
In 2021, Alan founded AL STOCK TRADES, a stock market analysis platform. In 2022, he founded Stock Terminal GPT, a financial analysis and education platform. In 2023, he founded the Global Neurosurgical Alliance (GNA), an organization dedicated to improving neurosurgical practices and research in low-income countries.
Alan served in a research position for the Mayo Clinic’s Department of Neurosurgery. He has written and published peer-reviewed articles in the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
He is the author of The Intelligent Investor: For The Modern Reader, Based Off the Master Benjamin Graham and the Oracle of Omaha, Warren Buffett
Awards and recognition
2017 – Robert Logan Nugent Award
2019 – 40 under 40 Most Influential in the State of Arizona and the City of Tucson
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75873983
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20Arumugam
|
K. Arumugam
|
K. Arumugam (born 20 June 1958) is an Indian hockey journalist, author, columnist and hockey historian based in New Delhi. He has written over a dozen hockey books and runs an Indian hockey website, stick2hockey.com. He is also the founder of Hockey Citizens Group, a NGO, which runs projects to promote and spread hockey in India through projects like One Thousand Hockey Legs (OTHL). OTHL aims to train 500 students from schools and underprivileged backgrounds every year.
Early life and background
Arumugam hails from Tamil Nadu. He did his schooling at the Government High School in Thirumarugal, near Nagapatanam, Tamil Nadu. Then, he studied at Presidency College, Chennai and completed his graduation from IIT, Bombay (now Mumbai). A qualified geologist, he later moved to Delhi to work as a water scientist. But he quit his Central Government job to focus full time on his hockey work.
Projects
One of the main projects, One Thousand Hockey Legs (OTHL), was formally started in 2008. The project work in schools actually started at the turn of the century and aims to train 500 students below 15 years, from select schools, to make 1000 hockey legs. OTHL selects schools and enters into a partnership, provides coaches and equipment and the school has to provide a space and time to develop a hockey team. Starting with Delhi, the OTHL schools were started in Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur and Puducherry. In Delhi, OTHL runs in 18 government schools. Overall it trains over 4000 students in 90 schools across five cities. The cost of about Rs.12 lakhs a year is spent by Arumugam on his own, with part of the support coming from donations from friends, and the proceeds from his hockey books.
Award
He was awarded Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar by President Pranab Mukherjee on 29 August 2016, the Indian Sports Day at Rashtrapati Bhavan. He was also awarded the Hockey India President's Outstanding Achievement Award for the years 2015 and 2016.
| 2.09375 | 0 |
75874256
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter%20Authority%20Certificate
|
Voter Authority Certificate
|
The Voter Authority Certificate (VAC) is a type of voter identification that can be obtained by an eligible United Kingdom voter if they do not possess alternative forms of photo identification (for example, a passport, a full or provisional driving licence, or other eligible forms of ID).
This service was established with the Elections Act 2022, which requires voter ID in English local, PCC, and UK-wide elections for the first time. The lack of a national ID card in the UK and non-universal adoption of other forms of ID necessitated this service. The requirement is only for in-person voting at polling stations. As the Act only covers English local, PCC, and UK-wide elections, voters in Scottish Parliament, Scottish local, Senedd/Welsh Parliament, and Welsh local elections are not required to present a voter ID.
Ahead of the May 2023 local elections, it was reported that only 10,000 people had applied for the certificate, which was just 0.5% of the 2 million people identified as likely lacking any acceptable photo ID. After the elections, research carried out by the Electoral Commission found that only 57% of people were aware that the certificate was available, and only 25,000 were used on polling day.
Shortly before the 2024 general election, it was reported that since their introduction in January 2023, 214,051 applications had been made for the certificate, with 57,418 of those made after the general election was called.
| 2.375 | 0 |
75874940
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swainsona%20fuscoviridis
|
Swainsona fuscoviridis
|
Swainsona fuscoviridis is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a perennial plant with many stems and imparipinnate leaves with mostly 7 or 9 ellipitic, linear or egg-shaped or lance-shaped leaflets, and racemes of 12 to 20 purple flowers.
Description
Swainsona fuscoviridis is a perennial shrub, that typically grows to a height of about and has many erect or prostrate stems mostly wide. The leaves are imparipinnate, mostly long with 7 or 9 elliptic linear or egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide with stipules long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are purple, arranged in racemes of 12 to 20 or more and up to , on a peduncle wide, each flower on a pedicel long. The sepals are joined at the base to form a hairy tube long. The standard petal is about long and wide, the wings long and the keel about long and deep. The fruit is an oblong pod long and wide.
Taxonomy and naming
Swainsona fuscoviridis was first formally described in 1993 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea from specimens collected north-east of Yunta in 1973. The specific epithet (fuscoviridis) means "dark green", and refers to the dark colour of the foliage when dried.
Distribution
This species of pea grows in arid tussock grassland north of Adelaide and west of Broken Hill in South Australia.
| 2.453125 | 0 |
75875013
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidyanath%20Saraswati
|
Baidyanath Saraswati
|
Baidyanath Saraswati (20 January 1932 – 13 December 2013) was an anthropologist and an author of many books on Indian culture, religion, and tribal studies. He held the UNESCO Chair in the field of Cultural Development at the Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts (IGNCA, New Delhi) from 1995 – 2002. Saraswati represented the Indian government at the UNESCO meeting in Paris in 1989 on safeguarding folklore, where he served as Vice-Chairman in preparation of a draft recommendation to member states. In 1994, he participated in UNESCO's Barcelona Declaration on the Role of Religion in the Promotion of a Culture of Peace.
Early life
He earned Master’s degree in Anthropology from Ranchi University in 1956, and Ph.D. in Cultural Anthropology from Ranchi University in 1967.
Career
Saraswati was anthropologist at the Anthropological Survey of India (ASI) from 1959 to 1967. It brought him closer to the Gandhian anthropologist Nirmal Kumar Bose. He left the ASI after a decade to become a Fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla. After N K Bose died in 1972, he founded the N K Bose Memorial Foundation (since closed) in Varanasi, a Gandhian institution conducting social sciences research. It also ran a school as an experiment in self-organizing primary education. Saraswati taught anthropological theories and tribal development as a Visiting Professor at Viswa Bharati and Ranchi University and as a Verrier Elwin Chair Professor at North Eastern Hill University, Shillong. He was Research Professor, and then UNESCO Professor at the IGNCA, New Delhi. He was also a Visiting Professor at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sciciales Maison des Sciences de I Home, Paris in 1988, and at the Institute of Asian Cultural Studies (International Christian University), Tokyo in 1999.
Awards
2004: Honorary Fellowship of the Asiatic Society
2005: Life Time Achievement Award, Indian Social Science Association
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75875099
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20B.%20Stewart
|
Donald B. Stewart
|
After graduating from the U.S.M.A. in 1940, Stewart was assigned as the commanding officer of Battery "B" of the 2nd Battalion of the 17th Field Artillery (2nd/17th FA). After training in the Carolinas, the 2nd/17th FA was deployed to England in 1942 where it received further training before participating in Operation Torch assigned to II Corps in North Africa in late 1942.
On February 14, 1943, Lieutenant General Heinz Ziegler launched Unternehmen Frühlingswind (Operation Spring Breeze) which started with the Battle of Sidi Bou Zid. Located in an extremely forward position behind a small hill north of Garet Hadid near Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia, Stewart's Battery "B" 2nd/17th FA unit was attacked by Junkers Ju 87 Stuka Dive Bombers at 06:30 am and was overrun by the 21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht) at 07:30 am. Stewart's 155 man FA unit suffered 30 men killed in action and 60 wounded, with only 7 men later escaping to American lines.
By the time Unternehmen Frühlingswind ended with the Battle of Kasserine Pass, II Corps had suffered over 300 men killed in action, 3,000 wounded, and over 4,000 men captured or missing in action. Stewart was grouped with other captured U.S. Army officers, moved to Sfax and Tunis, and flown to Naples, Italy where he was interned at P.G. (Prigione di Guerra) 66 in Capua. On March 15, 1943, he was moved to Oflag IX/AZ in Rotenburg an der Fulda.
| 2.125 | 0 |
75875664
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%20Kokhba%20refuge%20caves
|
Bar Kokhba refuge caves
|
Examples
Wadi Murabba'at, also known as Nahal Darga, is a ravine located in the northern Judaean Desert. It houses three karstic caves that served as refuges during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Excavated in 1952 by Gerald Lankester Harding and Roland de Vaux, the caves yielded textiles, basketry, ropes, and fragments of leather and papyrus inscribed in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek. Among the discoveries were biblical texts, a marriage contract, and letters sent by Simon bar Kokhba. A Minor Prophets scroll was found in a small crevice there by a Bedouin a few years later, in 1955.
The Cave of Letters is located in the northern cliff of Nahal Hever in the Judaean Desert. In 1960, artifacts dating back to the Bar Kokhba revolt were discovered here by Yigael Yadin. Among the findings were skeletal remains of several families, garments, vessels, the archive of Babatha – featuring the documents of an upper-middle-class woman – and a collection of letters in Hebrew and Aramaic written by Simon bar Kokhba to the leaders of Ein Gedi, namely, Yehonatan ben Be'ayah and Masabala ben Shimon.
Situated on the southern flank of Nahal Hever, near the Dead Sea, the Cave of Horror earned its name from discoveries made during excavations in 1955. Among these were the skeletons of multiple women and children, alongside everyday objects and remnants of food. A subsequent excavation in 1961 unearthed fragments of a Minor Prophets Scroll in Greek. Arrowheads embedded in the cave's ceiling provide evidence of Roman attacks on the refugees.
| 3.09375 | 0 |
75875664
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%20Kokhba%20refuge%20caves
|
Bar Kokhba refuge caves
|
The Te'omim Cave, also known as the Twins Cave, is situated in the western Jerusalem Mountains near Beit Shemesh. It stands out as one of the earliest refuge caves discovered outside the Judaean Desert; instead, it was found in the Judean Mountains—a epicenter of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Excavations uncovered skeletal remains of rebels, alongside three hoards of coins, notably containing a substantial number of Bar Kokhba coins likely from three distinct families. Additionally, two weapons, including a locally made spear, were found, concealed yet readily available for immediate use.
The El-Jai cave is a karstic cave located in Nahal Michmas/Wadi es-Suweinit, a stream in the northern Judaean Desert. In 1997, Eshel and Zissu found 16 coins there, including four minted by the Bar Kokhba administration.
The 'Aboud Cave, situated in the western Benjamin Hills near the modern village of 'Aboud, within the eastern-central region of the West Bank. Explored by Boaz Zissu, Boaz Langford, and Amos Frumkin, the site yielded artifacts such as oil lamps, metalwork, glassware, and Bar Kokhba coinage.
The Tur Saffa cave is located in the western Hebron Hills near Tarqumiyah and is one of the largest caves in the western highlands of the Southern Levant. Among the few potsherds found, several date to the Chalcolithic period, but most are from the early Roman period. A local resident and metal detector expert reported finding over 25 Bar Kokhba coins, including 20 bronze coins with a palm tree, one with a jar, and 6 silver dinars. David Amit and Amos Frumkin suggest that the cave was used by the rebels as a refuge cave.
| 2.53125 | 0 |
75876230
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lubusz%20%281239%29
|
Battle of Lubusz (1239)
|
After the death of Duke Henry the Bearded in 1238, the Brandenburgian Margraves Otto III and John I took steps to control the Lebus Land. Interacting with the Pomeranian Duke Barnim I, they crossed the Oder River and took Santok. At the same time, Barnim took Cedynia and Kienitz from Henry II the Pious, shifting the boundaries of his duchy to the line of the Myśla River. The next step for the young German princes was to seize Lebus and control the entire Lubusz land. They established closer contacts with the Margrave of Meissen, Henry III, and Archbishop Wilbrand of Magdeburg. In the summer of 1239 a great expedition headed by Archbishop Wilbrand and one of the Margraves of Brandenburg set off. The German actions did not surprise Henry the Pious. The Silesian prince organized a strong relief in time and beat back the German troops besieging Lebus. Henry the Pious won a magnificent victory inflicting high losses on the aggressors. The defeat divided the Archbishop and the young margraves, giving rise to a new war between the Brandenburgers and the Margrave of Meissen.
Aftermath
Shortly after repelling the invasion, Henry the Pious regained Santok, but left Cedynia and Kienitz in the hands of Pomeranian Duke Barnim.
Henry II the Pious proved to be a worthy successor to his father. He smashed the German army to the ground and saved Lebus. Then he recaptured Santok as well. In the meantime, emphasizing his power, he was able to meddle in German politics by proposing the election of a German anti-king in his estate, precisely in Lebus.
| 2.4375 | 0 |
75876658
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20A.%20Wentworth
|
George A. Wentworth
|
George Albert Wentworth (July 31, 1835 – May 24, 1906) was an American teacher and author of textbooks on mathematics including algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.
Biography
Wentworth was born in 1835 in Wakefield, New Hampshire, the youngest of eight children. He enrolled at Phillips Exeter Academy (PEA) in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1852 and went on to graduate from Harvard College in 1858. While an undergraduate at Harvard he began teaching at PEA, and was appointed professor of mathematics there on March 23, 1858. One of his early students was Robert Todd Lincoln, who enrolled at PEA in the fall of 1859, and was visited in Exeter by his father, Abraham Lincoln, the following spring. When the future president spoke in Exeter on March 3, 1860, Wentworth was toastmaster at the event.
Wentworth wrote a series of textbooks on mathematics, of which The Boston Globe noted in 1886, "his Complete Algebra and Elements of Geometry are used extensively by many of the more important schools in America, and doubtless will, with but very few changes, be employed as standard works for a half century to come."
Wentworth remained at PEA for over 30 years, including serving as interim principal in 1889. He resigned his position as a professor in 1892, after which he continued to write textbooks. He was named a PEA trustee in 1899. Wentworth was also involved in banking, serving as a director of the National Granite State Bank; later, he became president of the Exeter Banking Company upon its formation in 1894. In 1903, Wentworth and George S. Morison donated the funding for construction of a new dormitory at PEA, Hoyt Hall, named after a former mathematics instructor. Wentworth was considered "a leading citizen in many activities."
| 2.578125 | 0 |
75876934
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus%20scutulatus%20salvini
|
Crotalus scutulatus salvini
|
Crotalus scutulatus salvini, commonly known as the Huamantlan rattlesnake, is a venomous pit viper, currently classified as a subspecies of C. scutulatus that is found in mainland Mexico, at the southern end of the distribution of C. scutulatus. The subspecific epithet honors the nineteenth century British naturalist Osbert Salvin.
Description
The original description includes, "On the basis of present knowledge this subspecies differs from C. s. scutulatus in having less subdivision of the scales of the crown, a lower number of ventrals, and a less vivid coloration."
Compared to C. s. scutulatus, C. s. salvini is distinguished by higher contrast markings with darker dorsal rhombs on very pale background color, with colors of the pale and dark caudal rings matching the body hues. Most specimens lack pale borders surrounding the dorsal rhombs. Many animals lack significant color, but some have a reddish hue to the face and, less frequently, over part or most of the body. The dorsal scales are prominently keeled and rough in appearance. The iris of the eyes is usually quite pale, often yellowish.
Geographic range
Crotalus scutulatus salvini is found in mostly arid scrub habitat, as well as adjacent grassland and foothills, from the State of Hidalgo, south through Tlaxcala and Puebla, to southwestern Veracruz, Mexico.
Type specimen
The type specimen is British Natural History Museum (NHMUK) catalogue number 1946.1.19.35 (other catalogue number: NHMUK:ecatalogue:3637104). It is a syntype specimen that was donated by T.M. Rymer-Jones. The type status was later amended to lectotype.
Type locality
The type locality for this subspecies is Huamantla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| 2.390625 | 0 |
75878502
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker%20Keith%20Baylor
|
Walker Keith Baylor
|
Willis Brewer's Alabama: Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men from 1540 to 1872, William Garrett's Reminiscences of Public Men in Alabama, and Thomas McAdory Owen's History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography, all recorded that his death was caused by the accidental firing of a firearm. Garrett and Owen wrote that the firearm was a newly invented pistol. John Witherspoon Du Bose wrote that it was a new Colt revolver, a rare weapon for the time. He mentions it was accidentally discharged while Baylor was showing his brother and other friends.
A genealogy of the Baylor family written in 1899 recites Walker Keith Baylor as having been "killed by an accidental discharge of his gun in 1845".
His nephew George Wythe Baylor wrote to Orval Walker Baylor in about 1913 that Walker Keith Baylor was killed by Jones Rivers. In Orval Walker Baylor and Henry Bedinger Baylor's Baylor's History of the Baylors, written in 1914, it mentions that he was accidentally killed by Colonel Jones Rivers at La Grange, Texas, in 1848.
He was buried on the farm belonging to his older brother William Miller Baylor.
Personal life
He was never married and had no children. Du Bose wrote that before he left Kentucky, Baylor "parted from a pure, sweet girl, who was soon to become his wife." However, upon returning to Kentucky he discovered she was dead. Brewer mentions that between his terms in the legislature, "he showed a preference for professional and literary rather than political life". Greatly interested in philosophy and astronomy, he often visited the Old University of Alabama Observatory, where he studied the planetary system with Professor Frederick A. P. Barnard.
| 2.40625 | 0 |
75878514
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20L.%20Yale
|
Frank L. Yale
|
After the war, Yale became a teacher in public schools and moved to Barton County, Missouri, where he would stay for 21 years. He was at one time the teacher of merchant Robinson, of the Commerce Mining and Royalty Company. He then moved to Joplin, Missouri. During this time, he became the county surveyor, engaged in public affairs, and was elected to the Joplin City Council. On August 3, 1868, he married to Zarilda A. Tabler, and married secondly to Rachel A. Mann on July 4, 1876.
In 1893, for the World's Fair in Chicago, he was made a board member and chairman of the Missouri World's Fair Commission by Governor William J. Stone, later U.S. Senator. Other board members included Congressman Nathan Frank, Congressman William Dawson and William H. Gentry. In 1895, he was elected Chancellor of the Order of Samaritans of Joplin. He became Chairman of Jasper County under the Democrats from 1897 to 1898. For many years he was a member of Joplin Commercial Club. He was made its Secretary, eventually becoming president, and grew the membership to 300 businessmen.
He then became a Colonel and acquired shares in the Nevada Capitol Gold Mining Company, becoming one of the first and largest shareholders. They stroke gold and the company had a capital stock of 2 million dollars in 1907, with mining engineer Capt. R. G. Dill as the company Secretary-Treasurer.
In 1907, Yale, now a mine operator and broker, cofounded the Joplin Stock Exchange, and was made a board director and its first Vice President. Other board directors included Senator John M. Malang, Colonel H. H. Gregg, John A. Cragin, president of the First National Bank, T. W. Cunningham, president of Cunningham National Bank, S. A. Stuckley, president of Carthage National Bank, and a few others.
| 2.484375 | 0 |
75878594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9%20ambush
|
Sévaré ambush
|
On May 29, 2016, Katiba Macina militants ambushed Togolese peacekeepers in MINUSMA near Sévaré, Mali. The attack was the first deadly attack against UN peacekeepers in Mopti Region during the Mali War, and the first major engagement involving Togolese peacekeepers during the war.
Background
Katiba Macina formed in 2015 as Mopti Region's affiliate of Malian jihadist group Ansar Dine, that rebelled against the Malian government in the early years of the Mali War. Prior to the attack, MINUSMA peacekeepers were conducting patrols around Mopti, which had recently seen deadly civil conflicts between herders and farmers.
Ambush
Around 11 am, a convoy from the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Togolese Army was ambushed around thirty kilometers west of Sévaré, on the road leading to Ténenkou. A UR-416 armored personnel carrier hit a mine on the road, killing four soldiers, along with a fifth who died during evacuation efforts.
Aftermath
Five Togolese peacekeepers were killed during the attack, and one other was injured according to MINUSMA. Among the dead were an adjutant, two sergeants, and two first-class privates. The attack marked the first deaths of peacekeepers in the Mopti Region during the war in Mali. While the attack wasn't claimed, Katiba Macina was suspected.
| 1.945313 | 0 |
75878832
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Rosenthal
|
Jacques Rosenthal
|
Jacques Rosenthal (born July 17, 1854, in Fellheim as Jakob Rosenthal; died October 5, 1937, in Munich) was a German Jewish bookseller and antiquarian bookseller.
Life
Jakob was the youngest son of the market trader Joseph Rosenthal and Dorlene, née Bacharach. His mother came from a local Jewish butcher's family from Fellheim in what is now the district of Unterallgäu. His father Joseph ran an art and antiques shop in Fellheim. His three other siblings were Jette, Nathan and Ludwig. Jakob initially grew up in the rural Jewish community of Fellheim. In May 1867, after all restrictions on Jews in Germany were lifted, the family moved to Munich. There he learned English and French from a private tutor. In Munich, he trained as an antiquarian bookseller in his brother Ludwig Rosenthal's business. After his apprenticeship, he took up a position in his profession, initially in Ernst Carlebach's antiquarian bookshop in Heidelberg, later moving to the Bielefeld antiquarian bookshop in Karlsruhe. He then joined his brother Ludwig's company on January 20, 1874, as a junior partner alongside his brother Nathan.
Paris
In 1878, he went to Paris on behalf of the company. There he made contacts with well-known figures in the city's bookselling trade such as Léopold Victor Delisle and Emile Chatellain. He changed his name from Jakob to Jacques. Among other things, he was able to acquire a manuscript by Frederick the Great, which the latter had sent to Voltaire for examination. He acquired the "Evangelium Prumense" for the Berlin National Library. Jacques and Ludwig Rosenthal also maintained close contacts with the Bavarian court under Ludwig II.
| 1.992188 | 0 |
75878853
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Alliance%20for%20the%20Protection%20of%20Fulani%20Identity%20and%20the%20Restoration%20of%20Justice
|
National Alliance for the Protection of Fulani Identity and the Restoration of Justice
|
The National Alliance for the Protection of Fulani Identity and the Restoration of Justice (ANSIPRJ) was a Fulani nationalist political and military movement formed on June 21, 2016, during the Mali War.
Foundation and background
ANSIPRJ was founded on June 21, 2016, following communal violence in central Mali. In 2012, many Fulani disgruntled with the Malian government joined MUJAO, a Malian jihadist organization rebelling against the Malian government. These Fulani joined MUJAO primarily to fight against the Tuareg hegemony of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad instead of jihadism. In 2015, Katiba Macina, an affiliate of the jihadist group Ansar Dine, sprung up in the Mopti Region and garnered significant support among Fulani. Since the rise of Katiba Macina, Fulani have been accused of having links with jihadists. In 2016, Dental Pulaku, the "Union of Fulani", a Fulani socio-political organization, denounced mass accusations and accused the Malian army of killing fifteen Fulani civilians during the month of April 2016. At the beginning of May 2016, Bambara militiamen attacked Fulani civilians in Ténenkou Cercle, killing thirty civilians.
Ideology and objectives
The ANSIPRJ announced that their objective was the protection of Fulani civilians. The group claimed to be against jihadism and Fulani independence, but stated that "the first enemy on the ground is the Malian Army." The leader of ANSIPRJ declared "Whenever we encounter Malian soldiers, we will attack them." The group also accused the Malian army and affiliated militias of the deaths of 388 Fulani.
Malian anthropologist Boukary Sangare stated many Fulani nomadic pastoralists took up arms and joined militias, including jihadists "to free themselves from the yoke of traditional chiefs and elites, to no longer pay taxes that seem unjust, and simply protect themselves against banditry."
The ANSIPRJ only participated in one notable attack, joining Ansar Dine in attacking Malian forces in the 2016 Nampala attack.
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75878934
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eekaulostomus
|
Eekaulostomus
|
Eekaulostomus is an extinct genus of marine fish from the Paleocene of Chiapas, Mexico. It contains one species, E. cuevasae, and is the only member of the family Eekaulostomidae.
Eekaulostomus was a syngnathiform, a member of the same order as modern trumpetfish, cornetfish, pipefish, and seahorses. It can be distinguished from other syngnathiforms by the prominent scutes covering its body, giving it an armored appearance. Its exact phylogenetic placement among the sygnanthiforms is debated, although it is known to belong to the "long-snouted" group (Syngnathoidei); it was initially recovered as allied with the trumpetfish superfamily (Aulostomoidea), but more recent studies have found it to be more closely related to the pipefish superfamily (Syngnathoidea).
The only known specimen of Eekaulostomus was found in exposures of the Tenejapa-Lacandón Unit in the Belisario Domínguez quarry near the ancient Mayan city of Palenque. It inhabited the Caribbean region in the Early Paleocene, just a few million years after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The relative proximity of the locality to the Chicxulub crater indicates that marine ecosystems had likely recovered rapidly after the event, and that syngnathiformes are an ancient clade.
The genus name originates from eek, the Mayan word for star, and Aulostomus; this references its star-shaped scutes and close resemblance to the latter genus. The species name honors Mexican anthropologist Martha Cuevas García.
| 2.6875 | 0 |
75879870
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20F%C3%B3rmula%20Nacional%20Argentina
|
2024 Fórmula Nacional Argentina
|
The 2024 Fórmula Nacional Argentina was a multi-event Formula Renault 2.0 open-wheel single seater motor racing championship. The championship featured a mix of professional and amateur drivers. This championship was held under the Formula Renault Argentina moniker from 1980. This was the third season held under the Fórmula Nacional Argentina moniker.
The season started at Autódromo Oscar y Juan Gálvez on 13 April, and was held over 16 races spanning eight weekends.
Santiago Chiarello won the Drivers' Championship during the penultimate weekend, while his team, MG Competición won the Teams' Championship at the final race of the season.
Teams and drivers
While the championship was a spec-chassis series until 2023, the 2024 season saw the teams able to choose to run either a Tito-built chassis or a Crespi Tulia 25 chassis, both running a 1600cc Renault engine.
Agustín Callieri was announced to be competing with his eponymous Callieri Sport team, but did not enter any rounds.
Nini Motorsport planned to enter the championship, but did not field any drivers at any of the events.
Race calendar
The dates for the 2024 season were announced on 19 January 2024, with the exact circuits announced in the days leading up to the events. The championship downsized from twelve to eight events.
Race results
Season report
First half
The 2024 Fórmula Nacional Argentina season commenced with four rounds at the Autódromo Oscar y Juan Gálvez, and Santiago Chiarello of MG Competición secured pole position during the opening qualifying session. He led every lap of the first race, achieving his second victory in the series, with Andrés Brion from Jorge Typek Competición and Kevin Ferreyra of MR Racing completing the podium. The second race took place in wet conditions, but Chiarello maintained his dominance despite the challenging track, finishing first once more. The podium lineup remained unchanged from race one, leaving Chiarello with an early championship advantage after the inaugural weekend.
| 1.945313 | 0 |
75880419
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Leav
|
A Leav
|
A Leav, or Ruong Alev (Khmer : រឿងអាឡេវ), is a popular Khmer narrative which tells the adventures of a gluttonous child who is ready to trick his parents, and ultimately sacrifice them in order to satisfy his appetite.
Title
A Leav is composed of a derogative suffix ah- followed by the substantive -leav (ឡេវ) which litterally means the button but which in this context translates as low-class, inferior, despicable, and it is the rank given to the lowest servants of the royal house in Cambodia according to Chuon Nath.
Summary
A Leav is the story of a horrid boy who is greedy for good food. So greedy is he that he tells his father, who is living at some distance from home at the time, that his mother has died and his mother that his father has died, just so as to enjoy two servings of funeral delicacies! He later persuades each separately to marry someone 'very much like the previous spouse' and thus engineers their re-marriage - and a wedding feast for himself. After many more hitches and farcical events, he travels with his father, and comes across Cham merchants approaching, laden with valuable merchandise. Pretending to be afraid for their life, he tell his father to run off, and tricks the Cham into running after his father, while he steals the valuable goods they leave behind.
Analysis
A classic folktale of Cambodia
A Leav is part of the corpus of Cambodian folktales and narratives.
Translated to French by Guillaume-Henri Monod in 1922, he considered the tale to be representative of a certain type of Khmer wisdom literature and of "the fertility of the Khmer imagination which likes to accumulate incidents, to often complicate situations and to emerge, not without skill, from intrigues which are quite difficult to resolve."
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75880655
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%20Mountain%20%28Yukon%29
|
Tombstone Mountain (Yukon)
|
Tombstone Mountain is a mountain in Yukon, Canada.
Description
Tombstone Mountain is a 2,192-metre-elevation (7,192-foot) summit located in the Ogilvie Mountains and within Tombstone Territorial Park. It ranks as the fourth-highest mountain in the Ogilvie Mountains. The remote peak is situated in the Tombstone River Valley and is set within the Yukon River watershed. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,090 metres (3,576 feet) above the Tombstone River in less than two kilometres (1.2 mile). The nearest road is the Dempster Highway to the southeast, and the nearest town is Dawson, to the southwest. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Tombstone Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, winters, and short, mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −40 °C with wind chill factors below −50 °C.
History
The first ascent of the summit was made on June 21, 1973, by Martyn Williams, Jürg Hofer, and Liz Hofer. The mountain's name refers to a resemblance to a grave marker. The toponym was officially adopted on March 30, 1981, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Gallery
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75880693
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six%20Cities%20Region
|
Six Cities Region
|
The Six Cities Region is an administrative megaregion in the state of New South Wales, Australia used in strategic and statutory land use planning strategies and regulation by the NSW Government. The region was announced in 2021 by then-Premier Dominic Perrottet and formally legislated as part of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act in 2022. It represents a formalisation of a widely understood linear spatial relationship between Greater Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong. It consists of the following areas:
Lower Hunter and Greater Newcastle City - consisting of the City of Cessnock, City of Lake Macquarie, City of Maitland, City of Newcastle, and Port Stephens local government areas
Central Coast City - consisting of the entirety of the Central Coast local government area
Illawarra-Shoalhaven City - consisting of the Kiama, City of Shellharbour, City of Shoalhaven and City of Wollongong, local government areas
Western Parkland City - consisting of the City of Blue Mountains, Camden, City of Campbelltown, City of Fairfield, City of Hawkesbury, City of Liverpool, City of Penrith and Wollondilly, local government areas
Central River City - consisting of the City of Blacktown, Canterbury-Bankstown, Cumberland, Georges River, City of Parramatta, and The Hills Shire local government areas
Eastern Harbour City - consisting of the Bayside, Burwood, Canada Bay, Hornsby, Hunters Hill, Inner West, Ku-ring-gai, Lane Cove, Mosman, North Sydney, Northern Beaches, City of Randwick, City of Ryde, Strathfield, Sutherland Shire, City of Sydney, Waverley, City of Willoughby, and Woollahra local government areas
The Six Cities Region serves as a frame for regional planning in New South Wales, and broadly separates the metropolitan areas from the rural areas of the state. A discussion paper was released in September 2022 regarding the Six Cities Region.
| 2.421875 | 0 |
75880808
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive%20Amadio
|
Clive Amadio
|
Clive Lyoff Amadio AM (28 February 1904 – 21 October 1983) was an Australian saxophonist and clarinettist. His brother was flautist Neville Amadio.
Career
Clive Amadio was born 1904 in Darlington, New South Wales, and received early music lessons from his father. During his teens, he performed in ensembles providing soundtracks for silent films and toured as solo saxophonist on the Tivoli circuit.
Following World War II, his Clive Amadio Quintet was broadcast nationally by ABC Radio, proving to be extremely popular, and would remain on the air for almost twenty years.
He taught saxophone at the NSW State Conservatorium of Music (1942–45) as Professor of Clarinet and Saxophone, and in 1954 played for Queen Elizabeth II at a royal banquet.
His career with the ABC ended in 1958, and he ran a newsagent's shop until 1972. He taught again at the NSW State Conservatorium of Music, Newcastle branch between 1973 and 1980.
Clive Amadio died in 1983.
Personal life
Clive Amadio was the son of New Zealand-born Harry Henville Taylor, and his Australian wife Florence Ada, née Beer. Flautist John Amadio was brother to Harry Taylor.
His brothers were all professional musicians. Neville Amadio played flute, Harry Amadio played French horn, and Leon Amadio was a trumpeter. Their cousin Len Amadio was concert manager for the ABC in Adelaide.
He married Gwendolen Marjorie Morgan on 25 August 1928, but filed for divorced the next year. He married Laurie Mary Walley on 2 October 1935, but later divorced, and Amadio married Olga Krasnik in 1967.
He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1980, in recognition of service to music.
The National Library of Australia hold a file on Clive Amadio, and the papers of the Amadio family including notes for Don Westlake's biography From me to you: the Life and Times of Clive Amadio and a telegram relating to Clive Amadio's Order of Australia.
| 1.945313 | 0 |
75880933
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20of%20Worcester
|
Nicholas of Worcester
|
Nicholas of Worcester (died 24 June 1124) was the prior of the Benedictine priory of Worcester Cathedral from about 1116 until his death. He was born around the time of the Norman Conquest. His parents are not known, but the 12th-century historian William of Malmesbury wrote that he was "of exalted descent", and the historian Emma Mason argues that he was a son of King Harold Godwinson.
Nicholas was the favourite pupil of Wulfstan, the bishop of Worcester, who brought him up. Wulfstan, the last surviving Anglo-Saxon bishop, lived until 1095. He was influential in transmitting Old English culture to Anglo-Norman England. Nicholas carried on this work as prior, and he was highly respected by the leading chroniclers, William of Malmesbury, John of Worcester and Eadmer, who acknowledged his assistance in their histories. Several letters to and from Nicholas survive.
Nicholas was an English monk at a time when both Englishmen and monks rarely received promotion in the church. When Bishop Theulf of Worcester died in October 1123, Nicholas led an unsuccessful attempt of the priory chapter monks to be allowed to choose the next bishop.
Background
In the late 960s, Oswald, Bishop of Worcester and one of the leaders of the late tenth-century English Benedictine Reform, set up Worcester Cathedral priory as a Benedictine monastery. Almost a century later, in 1060, Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester, was appointed Archbishop of York, and he attempted to revive the practice of some of his predecessors (including Oswald) of holding York and Worcester in plurality. However, Pope Nicholas II forced him to relinquish Worcester, and Wulfstan was appointed to the see in 1062, four years before the Norman Conquest. He lived until 1095 and was the last surviving Anglo-Saxon bishop. The historian Emma Mason writes that Wulfstan "played an important role in the transmission of Old English cultural and religious values to the Anglo-Norman world". He was regarded as a saint in his lifetime and was canonised in 1203.
Family and early life
| 2.28125 | 0 |
75880933
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20of%20Worcester
|
Nicholas of Worcester
|
Nicholas's date of birth and parents are not known. He was brought up by Wulfstan, who was like a father to him. In his (Life of Wulfstan), the twelfth-century historian William of Malmesbury wrote: "On his English side, Nicholas was of exalted descent. His parents paid the holy man high respect, and won his friendship by the many services they did him. Wulfstan baptised Nicholas as a child, gave him a fine education in letters, and kept him continually at his side when he was old enough." Mason suggests that William may not have named Nicholas's father out of discretion, because he was a member of a leading dynasty in the regime before the Norman Conquest. She argues that his most likely father was King Harold Godwinson, who was a close friend of Wulfstan and supported his election as bishop. According to William of Malmesbury, Harold "had a particular liking for Wulfstan, to such a degree that in the course of a journey he was ready to go thirty miles out of his way to remove, by a talk with Wulfstan, the load of anxieties oppressing him". Wulfstan was loyal to kings from Edward the Confessor to William II, but Harold was the only king whose devotion to Wulfstan was emphasised by William of Malmesbury. Mason suggests that Nicholas was Harold's son by Ealdgyth, who married Harold in or after 1063. She was a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia, a member of the other great dynasty of the period. After 1066, the Godwin properties were forfeit and members of the family had poor secular prospects, so life as a Benedictine monk was a much better alternative.
| 2.421875 | 0 |
75881032
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster%20farming%20on%20Georges%20River
|
Oyster farming on Georges River
|
Freshwater from the Woronora River, a tributary that joins the Georges River, at Como, opposite Oatley, caused suitable growing conditions—clean water and slightly reduced salinity— for faster-growing, plump rock oysters. For a short coastal river, Georges River has a relatively large catchment of 930 sq. km. There is a significant freshwater component in the flow of the Georges River itself; at times a small standing wave develops across the narrow part of the river estuary, between Jewfish Point (Oatley) and the opposite southern shore (Illawong), when the flow of the Georges River meets the incoming flood tide. The upper part of the river is fluvial, and salinity in the river increases as the river flows downstream. The salinity level is most suitable for rock oysters, in the tidal part of the river that lies downstream from around Soily Bottom Point, at Lugarno. The lower Georges River—a ria— also had extensive mudbanks and wide shallow bays, exposed at low tide and well suited to inter-tidal oyster cultivation. Overall, conditions in this part of the Georges River estuary and the lower part of its tributary, Woronora River, were once ideal for oyster farming.
The river also had the advantage that it was the only oyster growing area, within the suburban area of the largest market, Sydney. It was also close to transport, even in earlier years, once the railway reached the river, at Como. In the 1880s, its shoreline was mainly unpopulated and that allowed oyster farming to become established, prior to later urbanisation.
| 2.90625 | 0 |
75881032
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster%20farming%20on%20Georges%20River
|
Oyster farming on Georges River
|
Heyday of oyster farming
For over a century, Sydney Rock Oysters were grown commercially on the Georges River. Production grew rapidly from the 1930s to the 1960s. One reason for the rapid growth in production was so-called 'highway farming', under which oysters were moved between estuaries by road, taking advantage of the characteristics of different estuaries for different stages of the oysters' growth. Other reasons were that the widespread adoption of the 'tray and rail' made oyster farming less labour-intensive, increasing productivity, and had also reduced the impacts of mudworm and 'winter mortality'.
The oyster leases remained largely in the hands of individuals and families, some of whom, such as the Drake and Derwent families, had worked the river since the 1870s. Farmers on the river generally cooperated with one another as separate, but sometimes related, family businesses. Some of the oyster farming families remained in the industry on Georges River for three or four generations. After the First World War, the number of oyster farmers on the estuary was boosted by returning soldiers who took up oyster leases. These new farmers were assisted to become established by the existing oyster farmers.
| 3.140625 | 0 |
75881032
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster%20farming%20on%20Georges%20River
|
Oyster farming on Georges River
|
QX-resistant Sydney rock oyster strains came too late to save most of the Georges River industry. Although selective breeding of oyster strains can reduce mortality due to QX, it was expected to take four generations of selective breeding to achieve a mortality rate of around 10%, an acceptable level for commercial viability. Most oyster farmers on Georges River could not survive that long, and most remaining oyster farmers gave up their leases in the estuary in 1996—1997. Prior to QX, there were still 89 oyster farming leases, over an area of 94.6 hectares of the estuary, and around 40 oyster farmers, but by late 1999, only seven oyster farmers remained on working leases.
Farming continued downstream at Woolooware Bay, initially by bringing in immature oysters, from the Hawkesbury and Wallis Lake, and fattening them before February and March, when the QX virus was most virulent. Later, approval was given to farm (infertile) triploid Pacific Oysters, which are not susceptible to QX disease, in the Georges River estuary. These measures ensured that a vestige of the Georges River industry survived, while QX resistant Sydney Rock Oysters were being bred. In 2010, the estuary was hit with Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS), and both (infertile) farmed and wild Pacific oysters in the estuary died in great numbers. Fortunately, by 2011, the last oyster farmers on the estuary were able to resume production of Sydney Rock Oysters, which were not only QX-resistant but also much faster maturing than earlier rock oysters. There was optimism about a revival of the industry on the Georges River.
| 2.96875 | 0 |
75881250
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimieiro%20%28Santa%20Comba%20D%C3%A3o%29
|
Vimieiro (Santa Comba Dão)
|
Vimieiro is a village and former civil parish (freguesia) in the Portuguese municipality of Santa Comba Dão in the Viseu District. Since the administrative reorganization of Portuguese sub-municipalities (freguesias) in 2012/2013, it has been part of the sub-municipality of 'Óvoa en Vimieiro'. In 2011 it had 804 residents. It is best known as the birthplace and resting place of the dictator under the Estado Novo regime, António de Oliveira Salazar.
History
During the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula French troops under General André Masséna passed through Vimieiro in 1810, heading south towards the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. The population, among other things, destroyed the bridge over the Dão River to delay the advance.
Salazar was born in Vimieiro on 28 April 1889. He died on 27 July 1970 and was buried in Vimieiro, according to his wishes, with his body being carried by a special train from Lisbon. In August 2019, after years of discussion, a start was made on developing a study centre in Vimieiro about the Estado Novo. The centre was planned to be officially named the Centro Interpretativo do Estado Novo (Estado Novo Interpretation Centre), but it attracted considerable opposition, with opponents labelling it as the "Salazar Museum". Opposition was expressed in Portugal'’s parliament, with politicians arguing that it would be "an insult to the victims of the dictatorship". Others thought that it would turn Vimieiro into a right-wing pilgrimage site. The centre was planned to operate in the former primary school of Vimieiro, known as the Escola Cantina Salazar, which had been disused for a long time and is a short distance from Salazar's birthplace.
There is a street named after Salazar in Vimieiro and his birthplace, on that street, still exists, although it is not open to the public. Both the house and the school are listed buildings.
| 1.976563 | 0 |
75881643
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Mirandola%20%281502%29
|
Siege of Mirandola (1502)
|
The siege of Mirandola in 1502 was a military conflict involving Giovanni Francesco II Pico della Mirandola against his younger brothers Federico and Ludovico, who bombarded Mirandola for 50 days. Defeated and imprisoned, Francesco II was released only with the promise of cession of the dominions, then retiring into exile for eight years.
History
In March 1491, Giovanni Francesco II Pico della Mirandola married Giovanna Carafa, daughter of Giovanni Tommaso Carafa, count of Maddaloni. The large dowry brought by his wife, helped Francesco II purchase from his uncle Giovanni Pico della Mirandola much of the Mirandola fiefdom, including hereditary rights, arousing the resentment of his younger brothers Federico and Ludovico. Upon the death of his father Galeotto I Pico in 1499, Francesco II chased away his two younger brothers, who thus began to turn to the other courts for support in the restitution of dominion over the city of Mirandola.
The Este artillery left Ferrara on 8 June 1502. The besiegers showed up on 17 June 1502 under the walls of Mirandola, with an army of 3,000 soldiers, formed thanks to the support of Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara and Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua.
For 14 days, the two sides bombed each other, with mortar shells so loud and powerful that they could be heard as far away as Modena. The siege lasted for over 50 days, exhausting the population. On July 28, Ludovico Pico asked Isabella Gonzaga to send another 100 cannonballs.
| 2.21875 | 0 |
75881826
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Kingdom%20sanctions
|
United Kingdom sanctions
|
United Kingdom sanctions are imposed by the Government of the United Kingdom against countries, individuals, and organisations that the UK Government rules violate the interests, or are opposed to the values of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom refers to those sanctioned as 'designated', countries, organisations, or individuals. Sanctions take the form of asset freezes, preventing the designated country, person, or organisation from accessing their finances in the United Kingdom, travel bans, preventing the designated person from entering the United Kingdom, and transport sanctions. Transport sanctions prevent the transport the designated person owns or controls from entering UK territory.
When imposed on countries, sanctions are used with the intent of damaging that country's economy in response to unfavourable policy or decisions. United Kingdom sanctions on countries are imposed either in response to that country imposing sanctions on the United Kingdom, or to assert pressure on a country to change its actions to align with the politics and values of the United Kingdom. When United Kingdom sanctions are applied to an organisation, they are done so with the aim of asserting pressure on that organisation to change its actions to align with the politics and values of the United Kingdom. United Kingdom sanctions on individuals are usually imposed on non-British citizens due to their association with regimes, or organisations, which the United Kingdom is opposed to, or prohibited terrorist organisations.
In July 2022, British journalist Graham Phillips became the first mono-British citizen to be added to UK Government sanctions list, and he remains the only mono-British national to be sanctioned by the UK. Phillips was added to the list because his work "supports and promotes actions and policies which destabilise Ukraine and undermine or threaten the territorial integrity, sovereignty, or independence of Ukraine".
| 2.53125 | 0 |
75881882
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Huguenots%20in%20Kent
|
History of the Huguenots in Kent
|
Huguenot population and economy of Canterbury
The Huguenot population of Canterbury grew significantly following the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572. In 1597, after an inquiry by the Consistory, it was found that the congregation including men, women, and young children numbered 2068. The majority of the foreign-born Huguenots residing in Canterbury between 1590 and 1630 were born in the border-land stretching on the border of Artois and Flanders. Many were also from the Counties of Boulogne, Hainaut, Ponthieu, and Amiens; the Prince-Bishoprics of Tournaisis and Cambrésis; and the Pale of Calais. Particular cities included Armentières, Tournai, Tourcoing, Lille, Valenciennes, Cambrai, Arras, Amiens, St-Amand, and Antwerp, while many came from rural villages on the river Lys. At the beginning of the 17th century, the number of refugees dropped due to the Edict of Nantes of 1598.
The original group of Huguenots in Canterbury who first settled in Winchelsea were skilled weavers of serge, taffeta, and bombazine while the settlers of 1575 were more skilled in wool-weaving, woolcombing, spinning, and dyeing. They were permitted to manufacture according to methods of Flanders, but not of England. Highly-manufactured products included baize, saye, and passementerie.
| 2.921875 | 0 |
75881998
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Asola%20%281516%29
|
Siege of Asola (1516)
|
The siege of Asola took place from 16 to 19 March 1516 and saw the Republic of Venice and the imperial army personally commanded by Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg pitted against each other. The siege was unsuccessful.
History
The town of Asola had passed under the control of the Gonzagas of Mantua since 1509. In October 1515, it was recovered by the Venetian militias, who installed their administrator. In 1516, Emperor Maximilian I decided to descend on Italy, eager to regain Lombardy and with it Milan. Andrea Gritti, former superintendent of Asola and future doge of Venice, took to the field to counter his advance. The emperor decided to attack and conquer Asola, which was surrounded and bombarded by the imperial troops on 19 March 1516.
Outcome
All the citizens, especially Rizino d'Asola at the head of 100 lances, strenuously resisted the three-day siege, which ended on 19 March with the retreat of Maximilian I, who retreated towards the Tyrol. The Senate of the Republic of Venice recognized the loyalty and value of the Asolo people, restoring the privileges enjoyed since 1484 . From then onwards, Asola remained Venetian until 1797, the year of the fall of the Republic.
A Tintoretto painting, called The Siege of Asola, portrays the event.
| 2.5 | 0 |
75882033
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn%20Welch
|
Kathryn Welch
|
Kathryn Welch is an honorary associate professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Sydney, and a specialist in Roman Republican and early Imperial History.
Career
Kathryn Welch studied for her BA and MA at the University of Sydney, before moving to the University of Queensland for her PhD. Her PhD thesis, titled "Caesar and Rome: a study of Roman politics and administration, 49-44 B.C." was completed in 1990. She worked for six years as a teacher at Kogarah High School. In 1991, she joined the University of Sydney. She has been awarded various research fellowships: including between 1993 and 1996 a Leverhulme Trust postdoctoral research fellowship at the University of Exeter, and in 1999 a Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences Writing Fellowship. She has also held visiting research fellowships. In 2003, she was a senior visiting fellow at the Australian Centre for Numismatic Studies, Macquarie University, in 2016 a visiting scholar at Merton College, and in 2017 at the University of Heidelberg. She also held the Thompson Fellowship at the University of Sydney in 2017. Between 2013 and 2017, she served as honorary secretary of the Australasian Society for Classical Studies. She retired from her university post in 2021, and remains a co-director of the Pompeii Cast Project, a project which focuses on analysis of plaster casts from Pompeii.
Research
Welch's research focuses on the politics and historiography of the late Roman Republic and early empire. Her 2012 book on Sextus Pompeius has been described as an "important contribution" and a "welcome reassessment" of the late Republican period, and her chapter in the volume The alternative Augustan age was described as a "prosopographical gem". Her work on Appian has similarly been described as "important" for adjusting modern assessments of the ancient historian.
| 2.0625 | 0 |
75882138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fay%20Hempstead
|
Fay Hempstead
|
Fay Hempstead (November 24, 1847 – April 24, 1934) was a lawyer, author, and poet in Arkansas. He wrote about the state's history and politics. He wrote the state's first history textbook.
His father was Samuel Hutchinson Hempstead, an attorney and postmaster in Little Rock, Arkansas, and his mother was Elizabeth Rebecca Beall Hempstead. He had private tutors and went to St. John's College, a Masonic school in Little Rock. He studied law at the University of Virginia after the Civil War. He was an active freemason.
He married Gertrude Blair O'Neale who he met while in Charlottesville, Virginia. He served as a Registrar in Bankruptcy. One of his poems addressed evolution and science. Others dealt with love, memory, and patriotism. He wrote a poem about travelers from Arkansas who were massacred in Utah.
He wrote about his recollections of Little Rock as it was during his youth including extensive use of blue tinted whitewash on buildings, cobblestone paving, and the Civil War. A 2018 article in the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette notes his status as the "Poet Laureate of Freemasonry". Robert Burns was the first to receive the honor of the designation and Henpstead was the third.
Hempstead died at his home in Little Rock, following a lengthy illness, at the age of 86.
Writings
Random Arrows Lippincott (1878), a book of poetry
A History of the State of Arkansas for the Use of Schools (1889)
A Pictorial History of Arkansas, a three volume history of Arkansas
A History of Cryptic Masonry in Arkansas
| 2.390625 | 0 |
75882168
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo%20Schneider
|
Ivo Schneider
|
Ivo Hans Schneider (born 1 September 1938 in Munich) is a German mathematician and historian of mathematics and the natural sciences.
Biography
Schneider received his Abitur in 1957. He studied mathematics and physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where he graduated as a mathematician in 1963 and received his doctorate in 1968. His doctoral dissertation on Abraham de Moivre (Der Mathematiker Abraham de Moivre (1667–1754) was supervised by Helmuth Gericke and Karl Stein. In 1972 Schneider completed his habilitation Die Entwicklung des Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriffs in der Mathematik von Pascal bis Laplace (The development of the concept of probability in mathematics from Pascal to Laplace). For the academic year 1972–1973 he was visiting professor, upon the invitation of Thomas S. Kuhn, at Princeton University and gave there a seminar on the history of probability theory. In the history of natural sciences department of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schneider was an adjunct professor from 1978 to 1980 and a full professor from 1980 to 1995. At the Bundeswehr University Munich, he was a professor of the history of science from 1995 to 2003, when he retired as professor emeritus. From 1999 to 2000 he was a member of the Bundeswehr University Munich's academic senate.
In 1983 he was also a visiting professor at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research at the University of Bielefeld (as part of the project The probabilistic revolution 1800–1930). He was also a visiting professor in 1988 at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis and in 1999 at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. He taught in Stuttgart (1971), Salzburg (1982/83, 1988/89), and Klagenfurt (1985).
As a science historian, much of his work deals with the history of probability theory and its applications in physics. He has published on Rudolf Clausius, ancient Greek writings about Archimedes, applied mathematicians' use of measuring instruments, and philosophical influences on mathematicians.
| 1.945313 | 0 |
75882291
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Maniago
|
Francisco Maniago
|
Francisco Maniago was a Filipino revolutionary leader who lived in the 17th century, during the Spanish colonization period in the Philippines. He led a revolt in Pampanga in 1660 against the bandala system, where the locals were forced to sell their agricultural products at low prices, and the polo y servicio system, a form of forced labor where the locals worked on any government project without payment.
Revolt
Under polo y servicio, men in Pampanga worked as timber cutters for eight months, which led to low agricultural harvests. To show their opposition against the forced labor system, the men set their campsite on fire, and chose Francisco Maniago, the chief from Mexico, Pampanga, as their leader.
Under Maniago, the revolting group closed the mouths of the rivers with stakes to disrupt commerce. They also sent letters to chiefs in provinces outside of Pampanga, asking to join the revolt against Spain.
Maniago's revolt was however short-lived. He made peace with the Spanish governor-general Sabiniano Manrique de Lara, and was never heard from again. According to one account, he and his brother were killed.
| 2.703125 | 0 |
75882349
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20S.%20Broiles
|
H. S. Broiles
|
Hiram Stokley Broiles (December 2, 1845 – July 27, 1913) was an American politician who served as the 6th Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas from 1886 to 1890. He was involved with the Farmers' Alliance, People's, Republican, and Socialist, and Union Labor parties.
Broiles was born to a slave-owning family in Tennessee, and ran away to join the Confederate States Army at age 15. He served until his capture at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. He became a galvanized Yankee in order to leave prison, but deserted and stole equipment.
Broiles received a medical degree from the University of Nashville in 1873, and moved to Texas. He was elected to the Fort Worth Board of Aldermen in 1882, and mayor in 1886. He was reelected in 1888, but lost to William Smartt Pendleton in 1890.
Early life and military career
Hiram Stokley Broiles was born in Millersburgh, Tennessee, on December 2, 1845, to Wilson Broiles and Fanny Hoover. He was one of ten children and his father owned six slaves in 1860.
Broiles ran away from home at age 15 and joined the Confederate States Army, enlisting into the 45th Tennessee Infantry Regiment. He was captured at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. He was imprisoned in Louisville, Kentucky, before being transferred to Rock Island Prison in December 1863.
On October 6, 1864, Broiles enlisted for a one-year term in the Union Army in order to leave prison. He was a private in Company F of the Second U.S. Volunteer Infantry. He deserted and stole equipment on October 10, 1865, while at Fort Zarah. His desertion charges would not be lifted until 1910.
Career
In 1873, Broiles served as the secretary for Precinct 5 political meetings in Tarrant County. He was elected to the Fort Worth Board of Aldermen in 1882, but later resigned and was succeeded by W.R. Haymaker on August 30, 1882.
Broiles was elected mayor of Fort Worth in the 1886 election with the support of the Knights of Labor and Farmers' Alliance. He was reelected in 1888. Democratic nominee William Smartt Pendleton defeated him in the 1890 election.
| 2.46875 | 0 |
75883257
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullberg%20Uprising
|
Tullberg Uprising
|
Two days later on the 18th, one of the wanted lead figures of the Tullberg movement, Eskil Larsson, would gather a large armed force of farmers in Kärrstorp as a response to Tullbergs arrest. The military was seen as necessary to take down the farmers as the police and sheriffs were not able to put down the uprising. As Von Troil still was absent from Scania, it was Jöns Krook who would carry out the operations. 54 hussars from the Karl XV Hussar regiment and 40 grenadiers from the Småland Grenadier regiment were deployed to advance toward the rebel town of Kärrstorp. Several shots were fired between the two, but the farmers' mob eventually dispersed due to the military might before them and Eskil Larsson was detained.
Aftermath
Samuel Tullberg's trial
Shortly after his arrest, Samuel Tullberg was taken to Gustafsborg where he was guarded throughout the night due to fears of an assault by the farmers. He later departed to Helsingborg, but the governor refused to house him due to fears of attacks from the peasantry, so he was taken to Malmö with the steamboat Frej. Samuel Tullberg along with Eskil Larsson was accused of treason by the noble Arvid Posse. However, the public would overwhelmingly side with Samuel Tullberg and numerous of his followers showed up to court as witnesses to denounce the charges of treason, and Tullberg and his followers would all be acquitted of all charges or receive little repercussions. After Tullberg's release, an additional 20 evictions were carried out through 1869.
The Tullberg movement would continue to exist long into the future as a political movement with the goal of giving more liberties to the farmers of Sweden, though, progress was slow. At the death of Samuel Tullberg in 1882, the Swedish farmers had not yet gotten the right to vote.
| 2.46875 | 0 |
75883847
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20O%27Hara%20%28artist%29
|
Patrick O'Hara (artist)
|
By the time O'Hara retired from artwork, he had made nearly six hundred sculptures portraying over two thousand different species of plants and butterflies, as well as about one hundred watercolour paintings.
Public appearances
In November 1973, O'Hara appeared on the Roundabout newsreel issue 138, produced by British Movietone News.
In 1974, the BBC made a documentary film about O'Hara's work as part of the 'Look, Stranger' series of programmes, which showed him making a porcelain sculpture of wildflowers over a three-week period.
David Seymour on BBC's The Arts Programme in 1975 described O'Hara as the "world's leading sculptor of wild flowers".
Recognition
O'Hara was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London in 1992.
Carl C. Dauterman, curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, described O'Hara's work as "probably the most delicate porcelain ever produced in the West".
Naturalist Roger Tory Peterson commented on O'Hara's artwork "I am astounded to see such great botanical and entomological accuracy and detail in porcelain. Patrick O'Hara is not only a perceptive botanist - but, also, an artist of extraordinary skill".
John Patrick Cushion, Senior Research Assistant at Victoria and Albert Museum and lecturer at Morley College, mentions O'Hara in his book Animals in Pottery and Porcelain when he says "there was nothing that could not be made in porcelain, and modern artists are proving that he was right; none more so than Patrick O'Hara [...] who combines the beauty of wild flowers with that of butterflies and insects. [...] the delicate veins on the wings being applied in slip - similar to the famous pâte-sur-pâte of Marc Louis Solon".
Wilfrid Blunt, author of the great standard The Art of Botanical Illustration (1950) writes in 1987 that he "would sooner own a piece by O'Hara than one by Fabergé", and reckons that O'Hara has "surpassed" the work of the Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants.
Technique
| 2.53125 | 0 |
75884015
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darg%C4%81h%20of%20Shaykh%20Kam%C4%81l%20al-D%C4%ABn
|
Dargāh of Shaykh Kamāl al-Dīn
|
The Dargāh of Kamāl al-Dīn Chishtī is a tomb located within a walled enclosure with several other tombs in the centre of old Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Shaykh Kamāl Mālvī or Kamāl al-Dīn arrived in Malwa in the late 13th century and died there in 1331. He was a follower of Farīd al-Dīn Gaṅj-i Shakar (circa 1173–1266 ) and the Chishti saint Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325). Some details about Kamāl al-Dīn are recorded in Muḥammad Ghauthi's Azkar-i Abrar, a hagiography of Sufi saints written in 1613. The cloak presented to Kamāl al-Dīn by Nizam al-Dīn is still displayed inside the tomb. The custodians of the tomb, Kamāl al-Dīn's direct descendants, have served continuously for 700 years.
Architecture
The original tomb from the 14th century was supplemented by the Sultans of Malwa in the 15th century, at which time a surrounding wall and gatehouse were added. Inside the gatehouse under the dome is a long Persian language inscription, according to which the shrine was enlarged to accommodate poor and needy pilgrims and pious men in AH 861 (1456-57 CE). The shrine proper was refurbished in the 20th century.
History
The economic and social histories of the Dargāh are told by a series of documents daing from the 17th century to the 20th. These have been digitized in a project carried out under the auspices of the French Institute of Pondicherry, funded by the Endangered Archives Programme at the British Library. All the documents are visible online.
| 2.1875 | 0 |
75884017
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Women%20%28play%29
|
Little Women (play)
|
Little Women is a play in four acts by Marian de Forest which was adapted from the novel of the same name by Louisa May Alcott. The only full-length stage adaptation of the work authorized by the Alcott family, the work was first staged on Broadway at the Playhouse Theatre in 1912. It was subsequently revived on Broadway in 1917, 1931, 1944, and 1946. The play was frequently performed in regional theatre in the United States during the early to mid 20th century.
History
Jessie Bonstelle, one of the first women to work as a director in the United States, was interested in adapting Louisa May Alcott's Little Women for the Broadway stage. She unsuccessfully appealed to the Alcott family for the rights to adapt the work for a period of eight years. She finally obtained permission from the family after the death of one of Alcott's nephews who was one of the joint heirs to Alcott's published literary works. This permission was contingent on the Alcott family's approval of the script. Concerned that her own skills as a writer were insufficient to adapt the novel adequately, Bonstelle enlisted playwright Marian de Forest to adapt the work for her.
| 2.578125 | 0 |
75884017
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Women%20%28play%29
|
Little Women (play)
|
Little Women premiered at the Teck Theatre in Buffalo, New York on January 22, 1912, in a production directed by Bonstelle and produced by William A. Brady. The original cast included Marie Pavey as Jo, Alice Brady as Meg, Gladys Hulette as Beth, Edith Spears as Amy, Gertrude Berkeley as Mrs. March, Eugene A. Eberle as Aunt March, Howard Estabrook as Laurie, John Cromwell as John Brooke, Carl Sauerman as Professor Frederich Bhaer, Carson Davenport as Mr. Lawrence, Lynn Hammond as Mr. March, and Lillian Dix as Hannah Mullett. The production toured the United States and went through a number of revisions before it ultimately reached Broadway nine months later. Its Broadway premiere occurred at the Playhouse Theatre on October 14, 1912, with the only cast change from the Buffalo premiere being the role of Amy which was performed by the actress Beverly West. It ran at the Playhouse Theatre for a total of 184 performances. The play was revived on Broadway in 1917, 1931, 1944, and 1946.
The 1919 London production of the play made a star of Katharine Cornell, who played the role of Jo.
| 2.046875 | 0 |
75884623
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Michael%27s%20Catholic%20Church%20%28Limerick%29
|
Saint Michael's Catholic Church (Limerick)
|
Saints Michael's Catholic Church is an 18th-century Catholic church located on Chapel Lane in Limerick, Ireland.
It should not be confused with St Michael's Church, a Church of Ireland building on Pery Square.
History
The Anglo-Normans built the first church in Limerick dedicated to Michael the Archangel, which stood on an island between Englishtown and Irishtown, in an area outside the city gates.
Saint Michael's is first referred to in the 1205 "Black Book of Limerick". It was originally a prebendal church, but by 1418 was attached to the Archdeaconry of Limerick.
Saint Michael's is one of the five original parishes of Limerick City. It was a joint parish of Saint John's until 1704 when Father Murtagh O'Hehir became the first Catholic parish priest of the new parish.
The church was built in 1779–81 and remodelled in 1805. It was a rebuilding of a penal-era chapel, demolished after the 1651 siege. The Arthur family donated the land for the original church, which now forms part of the south transept. A bell was added in 1815 and an organ in 1816. The church was rebuilt in 1881 to a design by Martin Morris in an Italianate style with Romanesque Revival features.
Daniel O'Connell addressed political meetings in St Michael's. St Michael's also saw the 1916 funeral of the controversial Mayor of Limerick John Daly, and that of Seán South in 1957.
The church has a weekly Mass in Polish, for the Polish immigrant community.
Architecture
The church is a limestone building on a T-shaped plan with a slate roof.
There are two stone fonts dating to , one depicting either Mary holding Jesus, or Elizabeth holding John the Baptist; and the other showing Saint Michael. A gilt statue of Saint Michael vanquishing Satan is on top of the building.
Gallery
| 2.34375 | 0 |
75885095
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Flemke
|
Ed Flemke
|
In 1962, Flemke established a regular weekly racing circuit. He raced at Islip on Wednesdays, Fort Dix (NJ) on Thursdays, Southside (VA) on Fridays, Old Dominion (Manassas, VA) on Saturdays, Marlboro (MD) on Sunday afternoons, and Old Bridge (NJ) on Sunday evenings, before returning home to Connecticut to work on his car and rest. Accompanying him on the circuit were his protégé, fellow driver Dennis Zimmerman—who later became the Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year—and John Stygar, chief mechanic and co-owner of one of Flemke's cars, known as the "$". Due to their domination of the southern tracks, locals dubbed Flemke and Zimmerman "The Eastern Bandits." Two other New England drivers, Rene Charland and Red Foote, heard of their success and also began traveling south to race. The nickname "Eastern Bandits" was eventually applied to all four drivers, although Flemke and Zimmerman were the originals.
There is no comprehensive record of how many races Flemke won in 1962, but it is known that he won at least nine races in succession at Old Dominion, competing against the best drivers in the South. He also won races at Southside, South Boston (VA), Marlboro, and Fort Dix, and achieved numerous high finishes at those tracks and others, including Fredericksburg, Old Bridge, Wall, Bowman Gray, and Tar Heel (Randleman, NC).
Flemke chose which races to compete in based on the prize money offered rather than the NASCAR championship points available. Despite his lack of interest in championship points, Flemke finished second in the NASCAR Modified points championship in both 1961 and 1962.
| 2.1875 | 0 |
75885095
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Flemke
|
Ed Flemke
|
Influence on the sport
In addition to his driving and car-building accomplishments, Flemke was notable for his willingness to help his competitors. During his Eastern Bandits days, he shared his knowledge with southern drivers, which not only made them more competitive against him but also endeared him to them. Many years after Flemke's death, motorsport author Mark "Bones" Bourcier recalled a conversation with the highly experienced Junie Donlavey of Virginia, who had been involved in auto racing for more than 50 years. Donlavey, with tears in his eyes, remarked about Flemke, "When I get talking about him like this, it's like he just walked into this office yesterday and sat down right in this chair. And it's like that for a lot of us around here when it comes to Eddie. We never got over him." Bourcier noted that witnessing Donlavey's reaction "was one of the most poignant moments of my writing life."
Three-time NASCAR Modified Champion Bugs Stevens said, "Flemke was a smart, smart guy, a thinker... he was also an excellent teacher... he was one of my professors... [and] a terrific driver, a guy you could trust." As 1981 Talladega 500 winner Ron Bouchard put it, "He was a great gentleman and a great person... Even if Eddie thought you could beat him, he'd still come over to offer you help... He was a master of teaching... He got real enjoyment out of helping people... Eddie would help everybody."
Another Flemke protégé, Daytona 500 and Talladega 500 winner Pete Hamilton, said, "Eddie Flemke was my teacher and my hero. He changed everything for me." Four-time NASCAR Sportsman Champion Rene Charland noted that Flemke "taught me a lot," while driver and New London-Waterford race promoter Dick Williams remembered that Flemke was "always going around helping somebody get better – that's what I loved about Eddie Flemke."
| 2.171875 | 0 |
75885584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbett%2C%20Oklahoma
|
Corbett, Oklahoma
|
Corbett is a ghost town in Cleveland County, Oklahoma. It is southeast of Lexington and north of the Canadian River.
History
Corbett started as an agricultural village in 1893 when J.P. Corbett bought 80 acres of farmland and platted a corner of his land for a village he was planning. He designated specific location in the town to have stores and shops. These included a blacksmith shop, cotton gin, sawmill, gristmill, a church, and others. These sites could be leased or given to people. If the buildings were used for other purposes instead of what they were intended for, the leaser would have to give back the area they leased. There was a forbiddance of alcohol and saloons in the village. A post office for the town was created in 1901 under the alias of “Higbee”. In 1902, the name finally changed to “Corbett”, with the post office lasting until 1907. A few years after this, two stores and a sorghum mill were added to the town. The children in the village attended a one-room school east of the town known as the “Valley Grove School”. Trading for the town was confined to the areas east and west of Corbett. Usually, cotton, fruits such as pears and apples, and vegetables such as corn were traded. The fruits were loaded in boxcars and shipped to the neighboring town of Purcell, where they would be sent to various markets around the town. Corbett grew rapidly in the latter half of the 1920s. Its sharp decline happened in 1930 when the local cotton gin burned down, and the soil lost fertility. This, combined with the Great Depression made many people leave the town virtually abandoned.
| 2.484375 | 0 |
75885595
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnanthemum%20muticum
|
Pycnanthemum muticum
|
Taxonomy
Pycnanthemum muticum was given its first scientific description in 1803 by André Michaux who named it Brachystemum muticum. In 1806 it was moved to Pycnanthemum with its present name by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. An additional move was proposed by John Kunkel Small and Anna Murray Vail using the work of Nathaniel Lord Britton in 1893 naming it Koellia mutica, but this is generally regarded as a taxonomic synonym.
As of 2024 Pycnanthemum muticum is listed as the correct name by Plants of the World Online, World Flora Online, and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database.
Names
Pycnanthemum is a compound word composed of Greek word "pyknos" has the meaning of "dense", "tight", or "close-packed" combined with "anthos" meaning flower. The species name, "muticum", is botanical Latin meaning blunt. From its appearance and a common name for the genus it is called "clustered mountain mint". It is also given the common name "short-toothed mountain mint", "hairy mountain-mint", or simply "mountain mint". However, the name "mountain mint" is often used as the common name for the genus or for other species in it such as Pycnanthemum virginianum.
Range and habitat
This species is found in scattered locations from Florida to Maine on the east coast of the United states and as far west as Texas and Michigan. It is most common in the eastern US in Appalachian Mountains, in the eastern half of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire. To the west it is also quite common in Arkansas and Louisiana.
Pycnanthemum muticum may be found growing wild in woods, swamps, thickets, or fields, usually on moist, freely draining soils.
Ecology and conservation
| 3.203125 | 0 |
75885595
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnanthemum%20muticum
|
Pycnanthemum muticum
|
Along with plants like wild bergamot and dense blazing star, clustered mountain mint is considered high in nectar resources for pollinators and attracts a diverse set of pollinators. Its flowers are attractive to butterflies such as the gray hairstreak, red-banded hairstreak, eastern tailed-blue, spring azure, and monarch butterfly.
The conservation status of Pycnanthemum muticum was last reviewed by NatureServe in 1985. At that time they rated it as "globally secure", G5, meaning they did not find any significant threats and the species is widespread. They have evaluated it at the state level as "apparently secure" (S4) in New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia. In Delaware, Georgia, and Ohio they considered it to be "vulnerable" (S3). They also found it to be "imperiled" (S2) in three states, Mississippi, Missouri, and New York, and "critically imperiled" (S1) in four more, Kentucky, Michigan, West Virginia, and Vermont. They thought is may be extirpated from the state of Maine.
Cultivation
Clustered mountain mint is sometimes grown in gardens, particularly ones emphasizing native plants or to benefit pollinators. Many different kinds of insects are attracted to the strong nectar flow including bees, wasps, moths, and butterflies.
They are more valued for the silver colored bracts which last much longer than the blooms. The seedheads will dry out and persist over the winter, providing light cover and nesting material to birds.
Mountain mint will grow in full sun or partial shade. It prefers moist soils and has very little drought tolerance. The zone 5 is the minimum USDA hardiness zone where plants will survive the winter. Gardeners propagate plants by division, especially taking young vigorous growth from the edge of a clump early in the spring.
| 2.9375 | 0 |
75885836
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muckrach%20Castle
|
Muckrach Castle
|
Muckrach Castle, also known as Muchrach or Muckerach Castle, is a tower house near the Scottish town of Dulnain Bridge in the Highland council area, which is part of the Cairngorms National Park. It was built in 1598 as the original seat of the Grants of Rothiemurchus, with timber used as part of the stone walls. It was unroofed in 1739 and remained ruinous until the 20th century. In 1971 the building was added to the Scottish monument lists in the highest monument category A, before being restored by the architect Ian Begg in 1978–85. It is, since then, used as a holiday apartment.
History
16th to 19th century
The Muckrach estate was owned by John Grant of Freuchie, the laird of the Clan Grant in the 16th century. His home, Freuchie, is now known as Castle Grant, located near Grantown-on-Spey. In 1583, two years before his death in 1585, he passed it on to his second son and heir, Patrick Grant, who was knighted by King James VI and designated "of Rothiemurchus". He married Margaret Stewart, daughter of John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Atholl, and died in 1626. Patrick Grant had the Tower House built in 1598 and it served as the seat of the Grants of Rothiemurchus, which is one of the branches of Clan Grant.
Scottish architect Ian Begg said that based on its style, it may have been a "fashionable introduction", meaning its design was for social or cultural reasons rather than just functional, and guessed that John Grant brought the idea of a tower to the area. Timber was included as part of the stone walls, as in the forest-area masonry was not as well understood nor trusted and timber-building was the norm at the time.
The castle was unroofed in 1739 and thought by Begg to have been "fairly ruinous by 1767". By 1876–1878 it was said in an Ordnance Survey name book that the castle "is now in a very serious condition nothing remains of it except the walls." In 1887 it was reported to belong to the architect John Dick Peddie, who was a member of the Royal Scottish Academy.
| 2.078125 | 0 |
75886202
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozomi%20Nishimura
|
Nozomi Nishimura
|
Nozomi Nishimura is an American biomedical engineer who is an associate professor at Cornell University. She was awarded the L'Oréal for Women in Science Fellowship in 2009 and was inducted into the 2024 Class of the AIMBE College of Fellows for her research in intravital microscopy contributing to the understanding of microscale physiology.
Early life and education
Nishimura grew up in Tucson, Arizona. She studied physics at Harvard College, where she worked alongside Eric Mazur on femtosecond laser ablation. She was a graduate student in physics at the University of California, San Diego, where she became interested in neuroscience. She studied blood flow in the brains of rodents and developed models of stroke. To study these mini-strokes she used a tightly focused laser light to excite a dye that had been injected into the bloodstream. In 2006, she moved to Cornell University, where was made a National Institutes of Health and American Heart Association Fellow.
Research and career
Nishimura was appointed to the faculty at Cornell in 2013, where she develops in vivo imaging techniques to study neurodegenerative disease and cancer metastasis. She uses transient multi-photon microscopy to understand cellular dynamics, and femtosecond laser ablation to understand cellular function. In particular, Nishimura showed that two photon excited fluorescence could be used to image individual cells and capillaries. Changes in blood flow influences the progression of disease. For example, Nishimura demonstrated that in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease impeded blood flow in the brain due to neutrophils plugging capillaries, impacting total blood flow. She received an NSF CAREER award in 2015 to further her research.
Awards and honors
2009 L'Oréal USA Fellowship for Women in Science
2024 Class of the AIMBE College of Fellows
Selected publications
| 2.5 | 0 |
75886226
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesca%20Toni
|
Francesca Toni
|
Francesca Toni is an Italian computer scientist who works at Imperial College London in the UK as JP Morgan/Royal Academy of Engineering Research Chair in Argumentation for Interactive Explainable AI, Professor in Computational Logic in the Department of Computing, and head of the Computational Logic and Argumentation Group. Her research interests include explainable artificial intelligence, computational logic, argumentation theory, and applications in public health.
Education and career
Toni is originally from "a small town in Tuscany." Initially intending to go into mathematics, she switched to computer science in her last year of high school. She has a laurea (the Italian equivalent of a master's degree) from the University of Pisa, earned in 1990, and completed a doctorate from Imperial College London in 1995. Her dissertation, on abductive logic programming, was supervised by Robert Kowalski.
After working as an intern in Japan and as a postdoctoral researcher in Greece, she returned to Imperial College as a lecturer in 2000. She was appointed as JP Morgan/Royal Academy of Engineering Research Chair in Argumentation in 2020.
Recognition
Toni is a Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence.
| 2.203125 | 0 |
75886296
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheta%20Igbokwe
|
Cheta Igbokwe
|
Cheta Igbokwe (born Sixtus Chetachi Igbokwe; 1996) is a Nigerian playwright, poet, and author. His play Homecoming won the 2021 Association of Nigerian Authors' (ANA) Prize for Drama and was nominated for the 2023 Nigeria Prize for Literature.
Early life and education
Cheta Igbokwe was born in 1996 in Owerri, Nigeria. In 2021, Igbokwe graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English and Literary Studies from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). As a student of UNN, Igbokwe served as the editor of The Muse, a journal established by Chinua Achebe in 1963. In 2022, Igbokwe earned a full scholarship to pursue a Master of Fine Arts degree in Playwriting at the University of Iowa, where he is a graduate student and teaches two playwriting courses.
Writing
Agwaetiti Obiuto (Island of Happiness), a screenplay written by Igbokwe was nominated for the Africa Movie Academy Awards for Best First Feature Film by a Director and the Ousmane Sembene Award for Best Film in an African Language in 2018 and was praised as a "magnificent work of art" by Wole Soyinka.
Igbokwe is a 2019 alumnus of The Purple Hibiscus Trust Creative Writing Workshop organised by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
Igbokwe's play Homecoming won the Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) Prize in 2021 and was longlisted for the 2023 Nigeria Prize for Literature where the judges described it as "philosophical and gravely entertaining".
| 1.984375 | 0 |
75886344
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers%20Accords%20%282015%29
|
Algiers Accords (2015)
|
Challenges and Tensions Following the Accord
Despite the agreements reached, tensions persisted. While the MNLA adhered to its commitment to not disrupt the presidential elections, sporadic violence continued in Kidal and surrounding areas. On July 18, 2013, clashes broke out between pro-Mali and pro-Azawad demonstrators. Further unrest followed after Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was elected President of Mali in August 2013, with new confrontations emerging between the MNLA and Malian forces.
Although the Ouagadougou Accords paved the way for the elections, they failed to resolve the deeper issues of political and territorial control. Negotiations on the long-term status of northern Mali, particularly regarding the autonomy of the Azawad region, stalled. The Malian government, led by President Keïta, resisted discussions on granting autonomy to the Tuareg-majority regions, contributing to a growing sense of frustration among northern factions.
By September 2013, the MNLA accused the Malian government of failing to honour its commitments under the Ouagadougou Accords, particularly regarding the cantoning of rebel fighters and the release of prisoners. This led to a suspension of negotiations by the MNLA, HCUA, and the Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) by the end of the month. Clashes continued sporadically throughout late 2013, with further incidents in Ménaka and Kidal in November.
In January 2014, Algeria attempted to broker a new round of negotiations. Although some progress was made, the MNLA and its allies remained sceptical of the Malian government's intentions. The lack of a clear path to resolving the autonomy question and the continuing incidents of violence laid the groundwork for the subsequent resurgence of conflict in 2014, culminating in the escalation of hostilities during the Kidal crisis in May 2014.
| 2.171875 | 0 |
75886941
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cora%20Agnes%20Benneson
|
Cora Agnes Benneson
|
In 1883, Benneson—who was interested in foreign legal cultures and the status of women—began a two-year and four-month world tour, alongside an unknown young woman from Massachusetts. From San Francisco, "she traveled continually westward, visiting Hawaii, Japan, China, Burma, India, Arabia, Abyssinia, Egypt, Palestine, Turkey, and all of the principal countries of Europe". According to Trueblood, Benneson's tour was "an extended study of the customs, manners, and laws of many nations", and "doors", "both ... to the home and to the heart", "opened easily" to her. In seeking to observe foreign legal cultures, Benneson visited the courts and "governing assemblies" of "the principal civilized countries". Benneson's journey also brought "thrilling incidents", including:
Benneson described her travels in letters, notes, and diary entries, which were published in 1890 in The Unitarian magazine as part of a series called "Palestine To-day". The historian James Ross-Nazzal stated that Benneson's descriptions of people of different races reflected her nativist beliefs. For example, Benneson, writing about her arrival in Greece, stated "how happy she was to leave 'the half-civilized races behind and enter Europe. Like other contemporary women who traveled to Palestine, Benneson also "forwarded racist or stereotypical views of Bedouins", despite having and writing about positive experiences with individual Bedouins. She "treated Palestine's Catholic and Muslim-Arab populations as if they were a monolithic entity", and "she saw Biblical personalities" when interacting with individual Arab people.
| 2.796875 | 0 |
75887283
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triptych%20of%20the%20Last%20Judgement%20%28Klontzas%29
|
Triptych of the Last Judgement (Klontzas)
|
Description
The three panels were painted with tempera paint on gold leaf and the wood panels were attached to a gothic style frame sometime in the 1800s. The width of the three panels is 61 cm (24 in) and the height is 25.5 cm (10 in). The work features the Second Coming, going from our left to right. The left panel features six apostles and is separated by horizontal zones. The highest level of the panel represents the exalted hierarchy. The high priests (archbishops), prophets, kings, queens, monks, martyrs, holy women, and military saints are all represented. The theme is called the dance of the righteous and the figures are densely arranged. In the lower portion of the same panel, the entrance to paradise is depicted in the form of a walled enclosure with two entrances. One entrance is for the saints and the other is for the naked innocent souls both groups lead to Jesus Christ who is depicted as a High Priest. Christ is in the center of the panel along with two angels and deacons receiving Apostle Peter. The Virgin Mary is behind Jesus along with Abraham holding Lazarus following the story Rich man and Lazarus. Close to the same group the Penitent thief is naked holding a cross. Directly above Jesus, God and heaven are surrounded by musical angels enveloped in clouds. On the same horizontal plane Old Testament scenes are depicted such as Genesis, Exodus, and the story of Cain and Abel.
| 2.25 | 0 |
75888109
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Osbaldeston%20%28died%201707%29
|
William Osbaldeston (died 1707)
|
William Osbaldeston (1631–1707) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Scarborough.
Osbaldeston was the son of Sir Richard Osbaldeston, Attorney-General for Ireland, and his wife Eleanor, daughter of William Westropp. His father had bought the manor of Hunmanby, Yorkshire, of which the family remained lords of the manor for centuries.
William was born in York, and baptised at St Martin's, Coney Street on 10 June 1631. He was educated at Otley Grammar School, and was admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge and Gray's Inn, both in 1647, and to King's Inns in Dublin in 1654.
In Yorkshire, Osbaldeston served as a justice of the peace, a commissioner, and a deputy lieutenant. He was nominated an alderman in Scarborough in 1684, and elected MP for Scarborough at the 1685 general election. The History of Parliament describes him as a "totally inactive Member". In 1687, King James II demanded that all justices of the peace answer whether they would consent to the repeal of the Test Act and Penal Laws, as the king wished; Osbaldeston gave evasive answers, was removed as deputy lieutenant, and is not known to have stood for Parliament again.
He was buried at Hunmanby on 6 October 1707.
Family
Osbaldeston married Anne, daughter of Sir George Wentworth . They had two sons and four daughters:
Richard (1655–1728), knighted in 1681, married (1) Frances Strickland, (2) Elizabeth Fountayne, (3) Catherine Hassell
Anne (1656–1746), married (1) 1676 Sir Matthew Wentworth [2nd Baronet, his 3rd wife], (2) 1680 Sir William Hustler
Elizabeth (1658–1693/4), married 1677 Sir Matthew Wentworth [3rd Baronet]
Charles (died 1660), died in infancy
Everald (born 1662), married 1689 Richard Norris
Eleanor (1664–1665), died in infancy
| 2.390625 | 0 |
75888134
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Rights%20and%20Global%20Diversity
|
Human Rights and Global Diversity
|
Human rights and global diversity: Basic ethics in action is a book by Robert Paul Churchill. It was published by Routledge in 2006.
Overview
The book serves as a resource for educators in different disciplines and culturally diverse schools. It provides a solid foundation and defense of universal human rights, addressing challenges and counter-arguments across three chapters. The structure covers reasoning about human rights as a practice, debates over the universality of human rights, and cross-cultural negotiations over human rights norms. Churchill comprehensively analyzes arguments against universal human rights, explaining why they fail. The book presents and discusses the arguments of various theorists, including Dworkin, Donnelly, and Gewirth, as well as Muslim scholars like Al-Na’im and Othman. Churchill sheds light on crucial issues surrounding human rights and emphasizes their inherent nature for all individuals. The accessible text defends human rights as truly universal, reconciling them with cultural diversity and showcasing the absence of contradiction between human rights norms and cultural values.
The book is divided into three chapters and two appendices:
Reasoning about Human Rights
Debating the Universality of Human Rights
Human Rights and Cross Cultural Negotiations
Appendices:
A. Human Rights Treaties and Covenants
B. Human Rights NGOs
| 2.78125 | 0 |
75888265
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Double%20World%20%28Picabia%29
|
The Double World (Picabia)
|
The Double World is an enamel and oil on cardboard painting by the French painter Francis Picabia, created in December 1919. It has been held in the Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris.
History and description
Picabia was involved in the Dada movement. This provocative painting represents the letters "LHOOQ" inscribed vertically in black rings on a brown background, where more marginal textual indications take the form of the handling instructions that can be found on a cardboard box. This painting was inspired by L.H.O.O.Q., the famous work by Marcel Duchamp which parodies the Mona Lisa through an obscene pun. Picabia had rejected cubism after World War I, embrancing the apparent anti-art movement of dada, and his second exhibition of the Section d'Or, in 1920, shows his new artistic experiments. Picabia claimed that his geometric studies were capable of creating works in accordance with a universal harmony, inspired by Leonardo da Vinci.
Didier Ottinger states that "Just as Duchamp's Mona Lisa juxtaposes the image of the "mental thing" and the reminder of a very real physiology, The Double World (...) brings the symbol closer to a speculative, esoteric art (the golden ratio) and reminders of the prosaic materiality of the paintings (“high”, “low”, “fragile”...). Through this telescoping, Francis Picabia denounces the tartuffery of painters who are followers of what he calls, from then on, the “bronze section”.
This painting was for a long time in the private collection of leading surrealist André Breton.
| 2.25 | 0 |
75889019
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual%20flag
|
Asexual flag
|
The asexual flag is a pride flag representing the asexual community created in 2010 by a member of the Asexual Visibility and Education Network (AVEN). The flag features four horizontal stripes of equal size. From top to bottom, the stripes are black, gray, white, and purple. The black stripe represents asexuality, the gray stripe represents gray-asexuality and demisexuality, the white stripe represents allosexuality (or, sometimes, allies), and the purple stripe represents the community as a whole. The flag is often flown at pride events and is used to represent the asexual community.
The flag design has been widely accepted and has become a symbol of asexuality.
History and design
The origin of the colors of the asexual flag is the AVEN triangle which was used in the past to represent asexuality. The original iteration of the AVEN triangle, made by David Jay, was a black-bordered white triangle with the bottom third of it filled in black. The top of the triangle represented the Kinsey scale and the bottom point expanding the line to include asexuality. In 2004, Jay disavowed his original model of asexuality as being overly-simplistic and restrictive. In 2005, the black-and-white triangle would be replaced with a gradient, to represent the spectrum of asexual orientation. The AVEN triangle would remain the primary symbol of asexuality, with some minor aesthetic changes.
| 2.15625 | 0 |
75889208
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe%20Lake%E2%80%93Lake%20Lucerne
|
Pipe Lake–Lake Lucerne
|
Pipe Lake and Lake Lucerne are two lakes joined by a natural canal in King County, Washington, United States. The larger Pipe Lake is located on the border of Covington and Maple Valley, while the smaller Lake Lucerne is located entirely within Maple Valley. Both lakes are completely surrounded by private property.
Description
The canal between the two lakes was once spanned by a log bridge, which was used when logging was the predominant industry in the area. The bridge has since been destroyed, but it is unclear why. Pipe Lake drains into Lake Lucerne, which has an overall watershed area of . Both lakes enjoy high water quality. Measurements have been taken consistently since 1996, and indicate that they are oligotrophic. Neither lake has any public access, as they are completely surrounded by private property.
Incidents
In 2012, between of raw sewage spilled into Pipe Lake due to a sewage blockage. Seattle Public Utilities determined that the lake was still safe for swimming. The blockage was cleared by flushing the sewer lines, and the resulting odor was expected to end within two days.
The two lakes are the only body of water where Hydrilla (waterthyme), an invasive aquatic weed, has been found in the state of Washington. It is hypothesized that the waterthyme originated from an aquarium dumped in the lake or alongside an exotic water lily. The lake has been intensely monitored to eradicate the weed and stop it from spreading elsewhere. The two lakes are among several in South King County that have suffered from rapid development, causing ecosystem degradation.
| 2.203125 | 0 |
75890061
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%20Uusk%C3%BCla
|
Mari Uusküla
|
Mari Uusküla (until July 1, 2005 Mari Bogatkin; born January 23, 1980) is an Estonian linguist.
Early life and education
Uusküla is the daughter of the ceramist Georg Bogatkin and the paternal granddaughter of the artists Vladimir Bogatkin and Valli Lember-Bogatkina. She is the maternal granddaughter of the sculptor Endel Taniloo.
Uusküla graduated from in 1998 and from the University of Tartu's Faculty of Arts and Humanities in 2003, majoring in Hungarian. Both her master's thesis and doctoral dissertation were supervised by Urmas Sutrop at the University of Tartu. She defended her dissertation, Basic Colour Terms in Finno-Ugric and Slavonic Languages: Myths and Facts, in 2008 at the Department of General Linguistics.
Career
Uusküla teaches psycholinguistics, anthropological linguistics, semantics, and pragmatics at Tallinn University. She has taught at several other European universities, in Roskilde, Verona, Milan, and Budapest. She is the head of the Western European Studies program at Tallinn University's Institute of Humanities, where she is an associate professor of linguistics and translation studies. She is the head of the Department of Language History, Dialects, and Finno-Ugric Languages at the Institute of the Estonian Language. Much of her research has focused on linguistic aspects of colors.
| 2.171875 | 0 |
75890588
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomeith%20Park%20Airfield
|
Monomeith Park Airfield
|
Monomeith Park Airfield, later known as Bayles Airfield, was a Royal Australian Air Force airfield east of Monomeith, Victoria and south of Bayles, Victoria, Australia during World War II. It was constructed in 1942 as a fighter aerodrome to protect Melbourne and Yallourn, the location of the largest power station in Victoria.
The site was selected in March 1942 and the land requisitioned in June of that year. During planning it was described in correspondence as RAAF Monomeith Park although it never carried the status of a base. Construction commenced in October 1942. It was originally intended to have four runways although only two were constructed as the strategic situation in the South West Pacific Area had improved by 1943. In 1944 it was downgraded to an Emergency Landing Ground with just the fenced runways retained by the RAAF. The remainder of the land was returned to the original owner for grazing.
It was no longer required after World War II and in 1946 the runways were returned to the original land owner.
After the war it was briefly known as Bayles Airfield and used for private light aircraft but the runways deteriorated quickly due to frequent flooding.
| 1.90625 | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.