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15829436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron | Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron | Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsenierdebeuvron |
15829438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin | Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin | Saint-Sauveur-Lendelin () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Sauveur-Villages.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsauveurlendelin |
15829439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-la-Pommeraye | Saint-Sauveur-la-Pommeraye | Saint-Sauveur-la-Pommeraye () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsauveurlapommeraye |
15829441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois | Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois | Saint-Symphorien-le-Valois () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Haye. Its population was 812 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsymphorienlevalois |
15829446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Romphaire | Saint-Romphaire | Saint-Romphaire () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bourgvallées. Its population was 760 in 2019.
It is named after the 6th-century Saint .
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintromphaire
Manche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont | Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont | Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsauveurdepierrepont |
15829453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches | Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches | Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches (, literally Saint Senier under Avranches) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintseniersousavranches |
15829454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Vigor-des-Monts | Saint-Vigor-des-Monts | Saint-Vigor-des-Monts () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintvigordesmonts |
15829456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sartilly | Sartilly | Sartilly () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sartilly-Baie-Bocage.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saussemesnil | Saussemesnil | Saussemesnil () or Sauxemesnil or Sauxemesnil-Ruffosses is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nos%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Génos, Hautes-Pyrénées | Génos (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Geography
Climate
Génos has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Génos is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Génos was on 19 July 2016; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 16 January 1985.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées
Hautes-Pyrénées communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborde%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Laborde, Hautes-Pyrénées | Laborde (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalanne%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lalanne, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lalanne (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lansac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lansac (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C3%A7on | Lançon | Lançon may refer to the following places in France:
Lançon, Ardennes, a commune in the Ardennes department
Lançon, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
Lançon-Provence, a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department |
15829547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rio%20Bic%C3%A1k | Mário Bicák | Mário Bicák (born 21 October 1979) is a Slovak football midfielder.
He came to Spartak Trnava in summer 2010.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Prešov
Slovak men's footballers
Slovakia men's international footballers
FC Steel Trans Ličartovce players
FC VSS Košice players
Győri ETO FC players
FC Spartak Trnava players
Slovak First Football League players
Men's association football midfielders |
15829551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Landelles | Saint-Martin-de-Landelles | Saint-Martin-de-Landelles () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët. Its population was 1,126 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindelandelles |
15829552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Ay | Saint-Germain-sur-Ay | Saint-Germain-sur-Ay () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It is located at the mouth of the river Ay.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintgermainsuray |
15829553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-S%C3%A8ves | Saint-Germain-sur-Sèves | Saint-Germain-sur-Sèves () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
Prior to Operation Cobra in World War II, it was an impediment, a small island in a stretch of a marshy area. The position was held by a kampfgruppe of the Das Reich Division and the 6th Parachutist Regiment (Fallschirm-Jäger-Regiment 6). The 358th Regiment of the 90th Infantry Division under General Eugene M. Landrum started the attack on 22 July, but without air support because of bad weather. The 1st Battalion suffered heavy losses but held on to the island. The 2nd battalion failed to cross the marshes. In the evening the German Fallschirmjäger with company leader Alexander Uhlig counterattacked with one tank of the 2nd Panzer Regiment. The Americans were driven back, in one hour they had suffered losses of 100 soldiers killed, 400 wounded, and 250 prisoners. Saint-Germain-Sur-Sèves was liberated a few days later in the same operation.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintgermainsurseves |
15829555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-Petitville | Saint-Hilaire-Petitville | Saint-Hilaire-Petitville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France with a population of 1,375. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Carentan-les-Marais.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Sainthilairepetitville |
15829556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jacques-de-N%C3%A9hou | Saint-Jacques-de-Néhou | Saint-Jacques-de-Néhou (, literally Saint-Jacques of Néhou) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjacquesdenehou |
15829557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Daye | Saint-Jean-de-Daye | Saint-Jean-de-Daye () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
In 1839, Saint-Jean-de-Daye, having recorded just 352 registered inhabitants in 1836, absorbed the adjacent Le Mesnil-Véneron commune of 200 people. However, the ensuing decade saw economic and demographic growth and in 1847 Le Mesnil-Véneron was reinstated as a separate commune.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandedaye |
15829559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Haize | Saint-Jean-de-la-Haize | Saint-Jean-de-la-Haize () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandelahaize |
15829562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivi%C3%A8re | Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière | Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandelariviere |
15829563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Savigny | Saint-Jean-de-Savigny | Saint-Jean-de-Savigny () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandesavigny |
15829565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-des-Baisants | Saint-Jean-des-Baisants | Saint-Jean-des-Baisants () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Jean-d'Elle.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandesbaisants |
15829567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-des-Champs | Saint-Jean-des-Champs | Saint-Jean-des-Champs () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeandeschamps |
15829570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Corail | Saint-Jean-du-Corail | Saint-Jean-du-Corail () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mortain-Bocage. Its population was 237 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Saintjeanducorail |
15829572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Corail-des-Bois | Saint-Jean-du-Corail-des-Bois | Saint-Jean-du-Corail-des-Bois () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeanducoraildesbois |
15829573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jores | Saint-Jores | Saint-Jores () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montsenelle.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjores |
15829575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-le-Thomas | Saint-Jean-le-Thomas | Saint-Jean-le-Thomas () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
It is a small beach town located on Normandy, close to "Le Mont Saint Michel"
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintjeanlethomas |
15829576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves | Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves | Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves (, literally Saint-Laurent of Cuves) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
It hosts the annual rock music festival "Papillons de Nuit". The 2008 festival had approximately 50,000 spectators over three days. Acts included Stereophonics, Camille, Babyshambles, Yael Naïm, and The Hives.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlaurentdecuves |
15829577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Terregatte | Saint-Laurent-de-Terregatte | Saint-Laurent-de-Terregatte () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. The commune is situated in the south of the Avranchin area. It is 6.5 km southeast of Ducey, 8.5 km northeast of Saint-James and 16 km west of Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlaurentdeterregatte |
15829578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4-d%27Ourville | Saint-Lô-d'Ourville | Saint-Lô-d'Ourville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Port-Bail-sur-Mer.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlodourville
Populated coastal places in France |
15829582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Louet-sur-Vire | Saint-Louet-sur-Vire | Saint-Louet-sur-Vire (, literally Saint-Louet on Vire) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintlouetsurvire |
15829584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Malo-de-la-Lande | Saint-Malo-de-la-Lande | Saint-Malo-de-la-Lande () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmalodelalande |
15829587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Marcouf%2C%20Manche | Saint-Marcouf, Manche | Saint-Marcouf () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Second World War
During the Second World War, a German coastal battery near the village was bombed but fired on Allied forces landing on Utah Beach on D-Day and again on 8 June before being silenced by US battleships.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmarcouf |
15829589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Garland | Joe Garland | Joseph Copeland Garland (August 15, 1903, Norfolk, Virginia – April 21, 1977, Teaneck, New Jersey) was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and arranger, best known for writing "In the Mood".
Garland studied music at Shaw University and the Aeolian Conservatory. He started by playing classical music but joined a jazz band, Graham Jackson's Seminole Syncopators, in 1924, where he first recorded. He had a long run of associations as a sideman on saxophone and clarinet, with Elmer Snowden (1925), Joe Steele, Henri Saparo, Leon Abbey (including a tour of South America), Charlie Skeete and Jelly Roll Morton in the 1920s. The 1930s saw him playing with Bobby Neal (1931) and the Mills Blue Rhythm Band; he was both a performer and an arranger for the Blue Rhythm Band from 1932 to 1936, when Lucky Millinder replaced him. Following this he played with Edgar Hayes (1937), Don Redman (1938), and Louis Armstrong (1939–42). In the 1940s, he played with Claude Hopkins and others, and then returned to Armstrong's band from 1945-47. Following this he played with Herbie Fields, Hopkins again, and Earl Hines (1948). In the 1950s, he went into semi-retirement.
Garland wrote a number of well-known swing jazz hits, including "Serenade To A Savage" for Artie Shaw (one of Shaw's gold records) and "Leap Frog" for bandleader Les Brown.
"In the Mood" authorship controversy
Garland is credited as the composer (with Andy Razaf as lyricist) of the Glenn Miller hit "In the Mood", but "In The Mood"'s main theme, featuring repeated arpeggios rhythmically displaced, had previously appeared under the title of "Tar Paper Stomp", credited to jazz trumpeter/bandleader Wingy Manone. Manone recorded "Tar Paper Stomp" which did not become popular until the middle of 1930, just months before Horace Henderson used the same tune in "Hot and Anxious," recorded by his brother's band, The Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, on March 19, 1931.
This song was first performed by bandleaders Charlie Barnet and Artie Shaw, but fell out of favor because Garland's original arrangement was too long to fit on one side of a 78rpm record. Garland then brought "In the Mood" to Glenn Miller, who created a shorter arrangement.
See also
List of jazz arrangers
References
Footnotes
General references
Scott Yanow, [ Les Garland] at AllMusic
1903 births
1977 deaths
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Shaw University alumni
American music arrangers
20th-century American saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Virginia
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Mills Blue Rhythm Band members |
15829590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Audouville | Saint-Martin-d'Audouville | Saint-Martin-d'Audouville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindaudouville |
15829592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Bonfoss%C3%A9 | Saint-Martin-de-Bonfossé | Saint-Martin-de-Bonfossé () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindebonfosse |
15829596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Aubigny | Saint-Martin-d'Aubigny | Saint-Martin-d'Aubigny () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
The name of Aubigny is mentioned under diverse forms in Medieval Latin and in Old French : Albignio (11th century); Albigneio (ab. 1175); Aubigni (ab 1180). Its original form was *Albiniācum, a Romanization of the name of an earlier Gallo-Roman property (suffix -(i)acum < Gaulish Celtic -ako) + the personal name of its owner, a certain Albinius, Latin personal name popular in Gaul at that time.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindaubigny |
15829606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Cenilly | Saint-Martin-de-Cenilly | Saint-Martin-de-Cenilly is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindecenilly |
15829607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C3%A7on%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lançon, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lançon () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador%20%28short%20story%29 | Salvador (short story) | "Salvador" is a science fiction short story by American writer Lucius Shepard. Originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in 1984, the following year it won the Locus Poll award for Best Short Story, the SF Chronicle award for Short Story and was nominated for the Hugo and Nebula awards for Best Short Story.
Plot summary
The story follows Dantzler, a soldier in the Special Forces of the US Military. He and his platoon are in El Salvador looking for Sandinista patrols prior to an invasion of Nicaragua. The soldiers rely on ampules, drugs that help them stay calm and focus their rage, and discover that their increasing use of the drug make it difficult to distinguish between reality and hallucination.
References
Science fiction short stories
1984 short stories
Works originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction |
15829612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Ling%20%28author%29 | Zhang Ling (author) | Ling Zhang (; born in 1957) is a former senior audiologist and fiction writer in Toronto, Canada. She was born in Wenzhou, China and came to Canada in 1986 to pursue her MA in English at University of Calgary. She obtained her second MA degree in Communication disorders at the University of Cincinnati. She has published nine novels and several collections of novellas and short stories in Chinese. One of her novels,《金山》, has been translated into English, French, and German. She has won numerous important literary prizes in China.
In 2009, Zhang's novella, Aftershock (2010 film), a tale about the survival of the horrific 1976 Tangshan earthquake, was made into China's first IMAX movie, directed by Feng Xiaogang. This movie became the greatest box office success at the time and has grossed more than US$100 million at the Chinese box office. According to The Wall Street Journal, Aftershock opens the Imax market to Chinese films. The abc NEWS also mentions that Aftershock becomes the highest-grossing film in China.
In 2011, a lawsuit was launched against Zhang Ling for alleged copyright infringement from works by three Canadian writers. However, the case was closed with no judgment against either of the parties.
A Single Swallow, the English version of Zhang's novel《劳燕》, listed on 2017 Sina best ten books list/2017 新浪年度十大好书, published by Amazon Crossing in October 2020, has immediately caught the media and readers' interest and was reviewed as “a literary work suffused with prodigious and descriptive exposition.” A Single Swallow became Amazon's #1 Kindle bestseller in Chinese literature and WWII historical fiction. The novel also was the winner of AudioFile Earphones Award and was listed with The New York Times Globetrotting 2021.
Awards and honours
Best novel in China (2017) - 张翎《劳燕》获2017《当代》长篇小说论坛年度最佳,
Grand Prize, Overseas Chinese Literary Awards (2014) – 华侨华人文学奖评委会大奖
Special Achievement Award for Overseas Chinese Writer, Chinese Association of Fiction (2010) – 中国小说学会海外作家特别奖
"Lamb" (2003) and A Journey Home (2005) ranked among top ten by the Chinese Academy of Fiction Writing
Winner of the Yuan Prize for Literature
The People's Literature Award in China (2006)
Selected works
Novels
Where Waters Meet (2023, English) by Amazon Crossing. 《归海》(Chinese) by 作家出版社
A Single Swallow – 《劳燕》(2017), 人民文学出版社. A Single Swallow (English) by Amazon Crossing
The Sands of Time – 《流年物语》(2016), 十月文艺出版社
Contractions – 《阵痛》(2014)，作家出版社
Aftershock –《 唐山大地震》(2013)，花城出版社 Aftershock (English) by Amazon Crossing
Sleep, Flo, Sleep –《睡吧，芙洛，睡吧》(2011)，十月文艺出版社
Gold Mountain Blues – 《金山》(2009)，十月文艺出版社. Gold Mountain Blues (English) by Penguin Canada, Le Rêve de la Montagne d'Or(French) by Renaud-Bray, and Der Traum vom Goldenen Berg (German) by Schöffling & Co.
Mail-Order Bride – 《邮购新娘》(2004)，作家出版社
Beyond the Ocean – 《交错的彼岸》(2001) ，百花文艺出版社
Sisters from Shanghai –《 望月》(1998), 作家出版社
Collections of novellas and short stories
The Way We Survive endorsed by Mo Yan, Nobel Prize winner in literature 2012, – 《每个人站起来的方式，千姿百态》(2016), 长江文艺出版社
A Summer's Tale – 《一个夏天的故事》(2013)，花城出版社
The Songs of Love –《 恋曲三重奏》(2012)，江苏文艺出版社
The Darkest Night in Life – 《生命中最黑暗的夜晚》(2012)，九州出版社
A Woman at Forty – 《女人四十》(2011)，中国工人出版社
The Aftershock – 《余震》(2010)，十月文艺出版社
Yan's Journey Home – 《雁过澡溪》(2006)，成都时代出版社
Blind Date – 《盲约》(2005)，花城出版社
The World of Flesh – 《尘世》(2004)，广西人民出版社
References
External links
Reading at York University
Reading at the University of Toronto at Scarborough
1957 births
Living people
Audiologists
Canadian writers of Asian descent
Chinese women novelists
Writers from Toronto
21st-century Canadian women writers
University of Calgary alumni
University of Cincinnati alumni
Writers from Wenzhou
Chinese emigrants to Canada |
15829637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larroque | Larroque | Larroque may refer to the following communes in France:
Larroque, Haute-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department
Larroque, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
Larroque, Tarn, in the Tarn department
Larroque-Engalin, in the Gers department
Larroque-Saint-Sernin, in the Gers department
Larroque-sur-l'Osse, in the Gers department
Larroque-Toirac, in the Lot department
Larroque may also refer to:
Larroque, Entre Ríos, a town in Argentina
See also
Laroque (disambiguation)
La Roque (disambiguation)
Larock (disambiguation) |
15829638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bighorn%20River%20%28disambiguation%29 | Bighorn River (disambiguation) | Bighorn River may refer to:
Bighorn River, a river in Wyoming and Montana, USA
Little Bighorn River, tributary of the Bighorn River in the United States in the states of Wyoming and Montana
Bighorn River (Alberta), a river in Alberta, Canada |
15829662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larroque%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Larroque, Hautes-Pyrénées | Larroque (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Varreville | Saint-Martin-de-Varreville | Saint-Martin-de-Varreville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartindevarreville
Populated coastal places in France |
15829676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant | Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant | Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartinlebouillant |
15829677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Gr%C3%A9ard | Saint-Martin-le-Gréard | Saint-Martin-le-Gréard () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartinlegreard |
15829681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-H%C3%A9bert | Saint-Martin-le-Hébert | Saint-Martin-le-Hébert () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bricquebec-en-Cotentin.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmartinlehebert |
15829685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ays%C3%A9n%2C%20Chile | Aysén, Chile | Aysén or Aisén (pronounced: ) is a Chilean commune located in Aysén Province, Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. It is home to the city of Puerto Aysén and to the towns of Villa Mañiguales and Puerto Chacabuco. It is the largest commune in Chile in total area, and it is slightly larger than Armenia.
A note on orthography
Chile’s Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM) prefers the spelling Aisén, as did formerly the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE). However, since 2010 the INE has conformed to the locally preferred, and overwhelmingly more frequently used, form Aysén.
Demographics
According to the 2002 INE census, Aysén had 22,353 inhabitants (11,853 males and 10,500 females), of whom 19,580 (87.6%) lived in urban areas and 2,773 (12.4%) in rural areas at that time. Between the censuses of 1992 and 2002 the population had grown by 17.1% (3,263 persons).
Administration
As a commune, Aysén is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Marisol Martínez Sanchez (PS).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Aysén is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by René Alinco (PDC) and David Sandoval (UDI) as part of the 59th electoral district, which includes the entire Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. The commune is represented in the Senate by Antonio Horvath Kiss (RN) and Patricio Walker Prieto (PDC) as part of the 18th senatorial constituency (Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region).
References
External links
Municipality of Aysén
Communes of Chile
Populated places in Aysén Province
1957 establishments in Chile |
15829687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teurth%C3%A9ville-Hague | Teurthéville-Hague | Teurthéville-Hague () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Teurthevillehague |
15829691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Ovin | Saint-Ovin | Saint-Ovin () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintovin |
15829694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pair-sur-Mer | Saint-Pair-sur-Mer | Saint-Pair-sur-Mer (, literally Saint-Pair on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Official Web site
Saintpairsurmer |
15829696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-des-Bois%2C%20Manche | Saint-Nicolas-des-Bois, Manche | Saint-Nicolas-des-Bois () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintnicolasdesbois |
15829697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-d%27Arth%C3%A9glise | Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise | Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierredartheglise |
15829698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomn%C3%A9%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lomné, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lomné is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Geography
Climate
Lomné has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Lomné is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Lomné was on 18 July 2022; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 8 February 2012.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Patrice-de-Claids | Saint-Patrice-de-Claids | Saint-Patrice-de-Claids () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpatricedeclaids |
15829705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Langers | Saint-Pierre-Langers | Saint-Pierre-Langers () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
Personalities linked to the commune
Philippe Badin, 18th abbot of La Lucerne Abbey (?-1452), who laid the first stone at the fortress of Granville.
Anatole France, stayed here twice in his youth and described the commune in a chapter 11 of La Vie en fleur.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierrelangers |
15829706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Planchers | Saint-Planchers | Saint-Planchers () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It is the location of the Prieuré de l'Oiselière, a 12th-century priory that is classified as a Monument historique since 1989.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintplanchers |
15829708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savigny-le-Vieux | Savigny-le-Vieux | Savigny-le-Vieux () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Savigny Abbey
Communes of the Manche department
References
Savignylevieux |
15829709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances | Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances | Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances (, literally Saint-Pierre of Coutances) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierredecoutances |
15829711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maupertus-sur-Mer | Maupertus-sur-Mer | Maupertus-sur-Mer (, literally Maupertus on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Cherbourg - Maupertus Airport
Communes of the Manche department
References
Maupertussurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15829712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly | Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly | Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierredesemilly |
15829713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-%C3%89glise | Saint-Pierre-Église | Saint-Pierre-Église () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
A market takes place in Saint-Pierre-Église every Wednesday.
International relations
Saint-Pierre-Église is twinned with Twyford, United Kingdom.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpierreeglise |
15829715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pois | Saint-Pois | Saint-Pois () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintpois |
15829717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9zignan%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Lézignan, Hautes-Pyrénées | Lézignan (; ) is a village and commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France. Located around 11 miles (16 km) south of Tarbes, in 2010 it had a population of 373, reducing to 355 at the 2019 Census.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme | Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme | Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintquentinsurlehomme |
15829721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-des-Landes | Saint-Rémy-des-Landes | Saint-Rémy-des-Landes () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Haye. Its population was 213 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintremydeslandes |
15829722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teurth%C3%A9ville-Bocage | Teurthéville-Bocage | Teurthéville-Bocage () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Teurthevillebocage |
15829737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Billiard%20Tables | Seven Billiard Tables | Seven Billiard Tables () is a 2007 Spanish sports comedy-drama film directed by Gracia Querejeta. She also co-wrote the story with David Planell. In 2008, the film was nominated for nine Goya Awards. It won two awards, including the Best Actress award (for Maribel Verdú).
Cast
Raúl Arévalo as Fele
Ramón Barea as Jacinto
Amparo Baró as Emilia
Jesús Castejón as Antonio
Blanca Portillo as Charo
Víctor Valdivia as Guille
Maribel Verdú as Ángela
Principal photography was done from 28 August 2006 to 3 November 2006.
Awards and nominations
for a complete list of awards and nominations, see this link.
XXII Goya Awards
Best Actress (Blanca Portillo, nominee)
Best Actress (Maribel Verdú, winner)
Best Cinematography (Ángel Iguacel, nominee)
Best Director (Gracia Querejeta, nominee)
Best Editing (Nacho Ruiz Capillas, nominee)
Best Film (nominee)
Best Screenplay - Original (David Planell and Gracia Querejeta, nominee)
Best Supporting Actor (Raúl Arévalo, nominee)
Best Supporting Actress (Amparo Baró, winner)
San Sebastián Film Festival
Best Actress - Silver Seashell (Blanca Portillo, winner)
Best Screenplay (David Planell and Gracia Querejeta, tied winner)
Golden Seashell (Gracia Querejeta, nominee)
References
External links
2007 films
2007 comedy-drama films
2000s Spanish-language films
2000s sports comedy-drama films
Cue sports films
Films directed by Gracia Querejeta
Films featuring a Best Actress Goya Award-winning performance
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress Goya Award-winning performance
Spanish sports comedy-drama films
2000s Spanish films
Spanish-language comedy-drama films |
15829764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn%20Khafaja | Ibn Khafaja | Abu Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Abu al-Fath (1058–1138/9), called Ibn Khafajah (إبن خفاجة), a native of Alzira, was a poet of al-Andalus during the reign of the Almoravids. He was born in 1058 in Alzira (Arabic: جزيرة شقر) near Valencia where he spent most of his life. He was the maternal uncle of poet Ibn al-Zaqqaq.
He wrote sophisticated nature poetry. He remained unmarried but had many friends and lived to be over eighty.There is a style based on him afterwards followed by many known as 'khafājī'.
His poetry often uses images to a dramatic function, such as contrasting light and darkness, or humanising the night environment.
Composer Mohammed Fairouz set three poems of Ibn Khafajah to music in a cycle of vocal chamber music written for the Cygnus Ensemble.
Notes
Bibliography
Arthur Wormhoudt (ed.), The Diwan of Abu Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Abu Al-Fath Ibn Khafaja, Oskaloosa, Ia.: William Penn College, 1987,
Arie Schippers "Ibn Khafaja (1058-1139) in Morocco. Analysis of a laudatory poem addressed to a member of the Almoravid clan," in: Otto Zwartjes e.a. (ed.) Poetry, Politics and Polemics: Cultural Transfer Between the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996, (pp. 13–34)
Magda M. Al-Nowaihi, The Poetry of Ibn Khafajah A Literary Analysis, (Rev. version of the author's thesis, Harvard, 1987), Leiden: Brill, 1993
Burgel, J. C., "Man, Nature and Cosmos as Intertwining Elements in the Poetry of Ibn Khafāja," in: Journal of Arabic literature; vol. 14, 1983 (p. 31)
Hamdane Hadjadji and André Miquel, Ibn Khafaja l’Andalou, L’amant de la nature, Paris: El-Ouns, 2002
Abd al-Rahman Janair, Ibn Khafaja l-Andalusi, Beirut: Dar al-Afaq, 1980
External links
The Mountain Poem English translation and Arabic recording of Ibn Khafaja's most famous poem at Poems Found in Translation.
11th-century writers from al-Andalus
1058 births
1138 deaths
Poets under the Almoravid dynasty
Poets from al-Andalus
People from Alzira, Valencia
Muslim panegyrists |
15829766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsas | Marsas | Marsas may refer to the following places in France:
Marsas, Gironde, a commune in the Gironde department
Marsas, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department |
15829768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%20Zyambo | January Zyambo | January Zyambo (born September 9, 1980) is a Zambian professional soccer forward who plays for KS Besa Kavaje in Albanian First Division.
External links
1980 births
Living people
Zambian men's footballers
Zambia men's international footballers
Zambian expatriate men's footballers
Olympiakos Nicosia players
Kabwe Warriors F.C. players
KF Besa Kavajë players
KF Vllaznia Shkodër players
Kategoria Superiore players
Kategoria e Parë players
Cypriot First Division players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
Men's association football forwards |
15829771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93United%20States%20relations | Kosovo–United States relations | The United States officially recognized Kosovo as a country on February 18, 2008, one day after the Kosovar declaration of independence from Serbia. Since then, the two countries have maintained relations, with Kosovo considering the United States one of its most important allies. Kosovo has dedicated several monuments to American politicians deemed instrumental to the nation's independence, especially Bill Clinton. Most Kosovars consistently approve of the United States government, often posting the highest percentages in polls among European nations.
In 2009, then-U.S. Vice President Joe Biden visited Kosovo. In 2020, U.S. President Donald Trump mediated economic diplomacy efforts between Kosovo and Serbia, hosting negotiations for the Kosovo–Serbia economic agreement at the White House in Washington, D.C.
History
The US established full diplomatic relations at Ambassador level with the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo considers the United States its greatest partner in gaining recognition from the rest of the world, and such view is also expressed from United States Officials.
The United States and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008. U.S. President George W. Bush on February 19, 2008 stated that recognizing Kosovo as an independent nation would "bring peace to a region scarred by war". The bilateral ties the United States shares with Kosovo are maintained through the U.S. Embassy in Pristina, which was opened on April 8, 2008 by then-Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Tina Kaidanow. Prior to the declaration of independence, the United States maintained U.S. Office Pristina (USOP), with a chief of mission. The US also continues to contribute troops to the Kosovo Force (KFOR), and will be providing staff to the ICO and EULEX missions.
During the European Commission-hosted international Donors' Conference on July 11, 2008 the United States pledged $400 million for 2008–2009 to support, among many other things, helping relieve debt Kosovo may inherit. U.S. assistance in Kosovo continues to support governance through strengthening civil society and political processes, especially targeting minority communities, and aims to strengthen economic institutions and help private enterprise grow.
In May 2009, then Vice President Biden visited Kosovo and was greeted by large crowds. He affirmed the US position that Kosovan "independence is irreversible". The Obama administration remained committed to Kosovo. In August 2016, Vice President Joe Biden, visited Kosovo and attended a ceremony that renamed a southeastern highway "Joseph R. 'Beau' Biden, III" to honour his son Beau's contribution to Kosovo for training its judges and prosecutors. The US has a large military base in Kosovo named Camp Bondsteel, and it forms part of its defence strategy for the region.
Kosovo has named certain places in Pristina after U.S. leaders such as Bill Clinton Boulevard and George W. Bush Street. Around Pristina, other streets are named after former military commanders involved in the NATO campaign, honouring their role to conflict between local Albanians and the Yugoslav army. The capital also has a women's clothing shop named Hillary, after Hillary Clinton and atop on some large buildings and hotels architectural features replicating US monuments and symbols like the Statue of Liberty or the bald eagle. In Kosovo, Bill Clinton is considered an iconic figure and hero. Many US flags are flown throughout Kosovo from buildings. The US donated funds and built one of the largest film studios in Europe, located in the suburbs of Pristina.
Widespread sentiments of gratitude are held by people in Kosovo to the US for playing a major role in ending Serb control of the area. These sentiments increased, including support toward the US, especially after it recognised Kosovan independence. The Kosovo population also support the US engagement with the Balkans, which is viewed as anti-Serbian. After the Kosovo War, the US remains popular among the Kosovo Albanian population. According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 87% of Kosovars approve of U.S. leadership, the highest rating for any survey in Europe. According to a 2016 report by Gallup, Kosovo led the region and the world again in approval for the second consecutive year, with 85% approving of U.S. leadership. According to a recent report by Gallup of U.S. Leadership on Trump's term, Kosovo led the region and the world again in approving of U.S leadership with 75% approval.
US-mediated Kosovo–Serbia negotiations
On October 4, 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump appointed Richard Grenell as the Special Presidential Envoy for Serbia and Kosovo Peace Negotiations. After months of diplomatic talks, on January 20, 2020, Serbia and Kosovo agreed to restore flights between Belgrade and Pristina for the first time in over 20 years.
On September 4, 2020, the President of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić, and the Prime Minister of Kosovo, Avdullah Hoti, signed an agreement on the normalisation of economic relations between Serbia and Kosovo at the White House. The deal will encompass freer transit, including by rail and road, while both parties agreed to work with the Export–Import Bank of the United States and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation and to join the Mini Schengen Zone, but the agreement also included the mutual recognition between Israel and Kosovo.
The United States, along with other western countries like France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom have engaged with the governments of Kosovo and Serbia to find a practical solution which would allow eligible citizens of Kosovo to exercise their right to participate in Serbia’s 2022 elections.
U.S. embassy
The sixth and current United States Ambassador to Kosovo is Jeffrey Hovenier.
Kosovo embassy
Ilir Dugolli is the current ambassador from Kosovo to the U.S. The Embassy of the Republic of Kosovo in the United States is located in Washington DC. There also exist two Consulates of Kosovo within the U.S. located in New York City, NY and Des Moines, IA.
See also
Serbia–United States relations
List of ambassadors of Kosovo to the United States
United States–Yugoslavia relations
References
External links
History of Kosovo - U.S. relations
Bilateral relations of the United States
United States |
15829811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Finkel | David Finkel | David Louis Finkel (born October 28, 1955) is an American journalist. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 2006 as a staff writer at The Washington Post. As of January 2017, he was national enterprise editor at the Post. He has also worked for the Posts foreign staff division. He wrote The Good Soldiers and Thank You for Your Service. He is a 2012 MacArthur Fellow.
Work
Finkel's book The Good Soldiers describes several months he spent in 2007 as an embedded reporter with 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment of the 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division, also known as the "2-16 Rangers", as they worked to stabilize a portion of Baghdad.
The logs of Chelsea Manning's IM chats with Adrian Lamo state that David Finkel was given the Collateral Murder video but did not release it. David Finkel has never publicly disclosed whether he had the video or not. In a washingtonpost.com webchat, he said, "I based the account in my book The Good Soldiers on multiple sources, all unclassified. Without going into details, I'll say the best source of information was being there [in Iraq]." At a February 2013 pretrial hearing, Manning stated that Finkel "was quoting, I feel in verbatim, the audio communications of the aerial weapons team crew." She said, however, that she was "aghast" at Finkel's portrayal of the incident. "Reading his account," she explained, "one would believe the engagement was somehow justified as 'payback' for an earlier attack that led to the death of a soldier."
Awards
1995 Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Award for a story about racial and class conflict.
2001 Robert F. Kennedy Awards for Excellence in Journalism International Print Prize for "Invisible Journeys" about illegal immigration.
2006 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting, citing "his ambitious, clear-eyed case study of the United States government's attempt to bring democracy to Yemen."
2010 Cornelius Ryan Award for The Good Soldiers.
2010 J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize for The Good Soldiers.
2013 National Book Critics Circle Award (Nonfiction) shortlist for Thank You for Your Service
2014 Erikson Institute Prize for Excellence in Mental Health Media (awarded by the Erikson Institute of the Austen Riggs Center) for his investigative reporting at The Washington Post.
Education
Finkel earned a Bachelor's degree in broadcasting from the University of Florida in 1977.
Personal life
He lives in the Washington, D.C., area.
References
External links
Lecture on The Good Soldiers at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
Lecture on Thank You for Your Service at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library
Interview on ABC RN with Paul Barclay about The Good Soldier.
1955 births
American male journalists
American military writers
MacArthur Fellows
Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism winners
University of Florida alumni
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
15829815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste%20Taveau | Auguste Taveau | Auguste Taveau (Louis Augustin Onésiphore Taveau) was a French dentist born in Le Havre, the 28th of August 1792. Date and place of his death are still unknown. In 1826, he was among the first to use amalgam as a dental restorative material, although he had originally developed it as early as 1816. He went on trying to improve the material.
History
In 1816, Auguste Taveau developed his own dental amalgam from silver coins and mercury. This amalgam contained a very small amount of mercury and had to be heated in order for the silver to dissolve at an appreciable rate. Taveau's formula offered lower cost and greater ease of use compared to existing materials such as gold, but had many practical problems, including a tendency to significantly expand after setting. Because of these problems, this formula was abandoned in France. In 1833, however, two untrained Europeans, the Crawcour "brothers" (Edward Crawcour and his nephew Moses), brought Taveau's amalgam to the United States under the name "Royal Mineral Succedaneum".
The Parisian police knew that Taveau was a "pédérast" and that he had contracted syphilis. He was arrested after a denunciation to the police by a man called Émile Lagunière, who had previously been taken for an adopted child of Taveau. The forensic surgeon Ambroise Tardieu probably reported Lagunière case in his Étude medico-légale sur les attentats aux mœurs (obs. XXII). Taveau's subsequent fate is unknown.
References
French dentists
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
19th-century French LGBT people |
15829841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Gaskin | Leonard Gaskin | Leonard Gaskin (August 25, 1920 – January 24, 2009) was an American jazz bassist born in New York City.
Gaskin played on the early bebop scene at Minton's and Monroe's in New York in the early 1940s. In 1944 he took over Oscar Pettiford's spot in Dizzy Gillespie's band, and followed it with stints in bands led by Cootie Williams, Charlie Parker, Don Byas, Eddie South, Charlie Shavers, and Erroll Garner. In the 1950s, he played with Eddie Condon's Dixieland band, and played with Ruby Braff, Bud Freeman, Rex Stewart, Cootie Williams, Billie Holiday, Stan Getz, J.J. Johnson, and Miles Davis.
In the 1960s he became a studio musician, playing on numerous gospel and pop records. In the 1970s and 1980s he returned to jazz, playing with Sy Oliver, Panama Francis, and The International Art of Jazz.
Gaskin became involved in educating young people later in his life. He performed and shared his knowledge with elementary students with the Good Groove Band (Leonard Gaskin, Melissa Lovaglio, Bob Emry, Michael Howell) at Woodstock Elementary School in Woodstock, New York in 2003.
Gaskin died of natural causes on January 24, 2009.
Discography
As leader
1961 – Leonard Gaskin at the Jazz Band Ball, (Swingville)
1962 – Darktown Strutter's Ball, (Swingville)
As sideman
1945 – Miles Davis: First Miles (Savoy)
1946 – Don Byas: 1946 (Classics)
1949 – J. J. Johnson / Kai Winding / Bennie Green: Trombone by Three (OJC)
1949 – J. J. Johnson: J. J. Johnson's Jazz Quintets (Savoy)
1950 – Charlie Parker: Charlie Parker All Stars – Charlie Parker at Birdland and Cafe Society (Cool & Blue, 1950–52)
1951 – Illinois Jacquet: Jazz Moods (Verve)
1953 – Miles Davis: Miles Davis with Horns (Prestige/OJC)
1955 – Billie Holiday: Lady Sings the Blues (Verve)
1955 – Sonny Terry / Brownie McGhee: Back Country Blues
1956 – Jimmy Scott: If Only You Knew (Savoy)
1956 – Big Maybelle: Candy (Savoy)
1956 – Sammy Price: Rock (Savoy)
1957 – Bud Freeman: Chicago / Austin High School Jazz in HiFi (RCA)
1957 – Eddie Condon: The Roaring Twenties (Columbia)
1958 – Ruby Braff: Easy Now (RCA)
1958 – Rex Stewart: Rendezvous with Rex (Felsted)
1959 – Rex Stewart & Dicky Wells: Chatter Jazz (RCA Victor)
1959 – Marion Williams: O Holy Night (Savoy)
1961 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Last Night Blues (Bluesville)
1961 – Arbee Stidham: Tired of Wandering (Bluesville)
1961 – Al Smith: Midnight Special (Bluesville)
1961 – Roosevelt Sykes: The Honeydripper (Bluesville)
1961 – Sunnyland Slim: Slim's Shout (Bluesville)
1961 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Lightnin' (Bluesville)
1961 – Curtis Jones: Trouble Blues (Bluesville)
1961 – Shakey Jake: Mouth Harp Blues (Bluesville)
1961 – Mildred Anderson: No More in Life (Bluesville)
1962 – Rhoda Scott: Hey! Hey! Hey! (Tru-Sound)
1962 – Odetta: Sometimes I Feel Like Cryin' (RCA Victor)
1963 – Willis Jackson: Grease 'n' Gravy, The Good Life (Prestige)
1963 – Sonny Terry: Sonny Is King (Bluesville)
1963 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Goin' Away (Bluesville)
1963 – Red Holloway: The Burner (Prestige)
1963 – Jimmy Witherspoon: Blues Around the Clock (Prestige)
1963 – Bob Dylan: The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (Columbia)
1964 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Down Home Blues (Bluesville)
1964 – Sonny Stitt: Primitivo Soul (Prestige)
1965 – Illinois Jacquet: Spectrum (Argo)
1965 – Lightnin' Hopkins: Soul Blues (Prestige)
1968 – Solomon Burke: King Solomon (Atlantic)
1972 – Louisiana Red: Louisiana Red Sings the Blues (Atlantic)
1997 – Stan Getz: The Complete Roost Recordings (Roost, 1950–1954)
2001 – Richard Negri: Meditations on a Downbeat, Words Spoken through Jazz (LightMoose)
References
Footnotes
General references
[ Leonard Gaskin] at AllMusic
External links
‘I’ll Be Seeing You’Reminiscences Allegro at Local 802 (AFM)
1920 births
2009 deaths
American jazz double-bassists
American male double-bassists
Jazz musicians from New York City
20th-century American musicians
20th-century double-bassists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Savoy Records artists |
15829845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Reyntiens | Patrick Reyntiens | Nicholas Patrick Reyntiens OBE (; 11 December 1925 – 25 October 2021) was a British stained-glass artist, described as "the leading practitioner of stained glass in this country."
Personal life
Reyntiens was born in December 1925 at 68 Cadogan Square, Knightsbridge, London SW1, of Belgian extraction. He was sent to school at the Benedictine Ampleforth College in Yorkshire and was a practising Roman Catholic. He left school in 1943 and joined the Scots Guards, with whom he served from 1943 to 1947. His artistic training was first at Regent Street Polytechnic (now the University of Westminster) and then at Edinburgh College of Art.
At Edinburgh he met Anne Bruce (1927–2006), a painter whom he later married. They had two sons and two daughters, Edith, Dominick, Lucy, and John.
In the 1950s, Reyntiens and Bruce bought Burleighfield House, a run-down country house near Loudwater, Buckinghamshire. The couple moved to Somerset in 1982.
Reyntiens died on 25 October 2021, at the age of 95.
Career
Stained glass
Reyntiens began his career as assistant to the stained glass artist Jozef Edward Nuttgens (1892–1982), who lived and worked at Pigotts Hill, near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.
Reyntiens went on to collaborate with John Piper (1903–92), with whom he worked for 35 years. Their notable works together include the Baptistery window of the new Coventry Cathedral (1957–61) and the windows of the lantern tower of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral (1963–67). They also worked together on commissions for Church of England parish churches including at Bledlow Ridge (1968), Pishill (1969), Nettlebed (1970), Sandford St Martin (1974), Turville (1975), Wolvercote (1976), Fawley, Buckinghamshire (1976)., and Eton College Chapel.
Reyntiens' solo works include windows for St Mary's church, Hound (1958–59), Christ Church, Flackwell Heath (1961), St Michael and All Angels Church, Marden (1962), the Church of the Good Shepherd, Woodthorpe, Nottinghamshire (circa 1962–64), All Saints' parish church, Hinton Ampner (1970), the Great Hall of Christ Church, Oxford (1985), Southwell Minster (1996),, St Andrews Church, Scole and Washington National Cathedral in the USA. Some of his work is now permanently exhibited in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
His son John Reyntiens is also a notable stained glass artist. John has "translated" many of his father's designs, including for works at Much Hadham (1995), Anstey, Hertfordshire (2000), St Alban's church, Romford (2002 and 2004), the Church of St Mary, Stoke St Mary (2003), the Frances Bardsley School, Romford (2006), and St George's Roman Catholic Church, Taunton (2009). Their largest collaboration was for the church of Ampleforth Abbey: 27 windows in 2003, followed by two in 2004 and six in 2006–07. In 2011, John made a documentary film about his father's life and work, From Coventry to Cochem, the Art of Patrick Reyntiens.
Art education
From 1963 until 1976, Reyntiens and Bruce, a painter, operated a small art education centre at their Buckinghamshire home, Burleighfield House, which later became the Reyntiens Trust.
For a decade, Reyntiens was Head of Fine Art at Central School of Art and Design. He retired from the post in order to return to his own stained glass work.
References
Sources
External links
Reyntiens Glass Studio
1925 births
2021 deaths
Alumni of the Regent Street Polytechnic
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art
British Army personnel of World War II
English stained glass artists and manufacturers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Ampleforth College
Artists from Westminster
Scots Guards officers
English people of Belgian descent
Architects of the Liturgical Movement |
15829862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama%20Firearms | Llama Firearms | Llama Firearms, officially known as Llama-Gabilondo y Cia SA, was a Spanish arms company founded in 1904 under the name Gabilondo and Urresti. Its headquarters were in Eibar in the Basque Country, Spain, but they also had workshops during different times in Elgoibar and Vitoria. The company manufactured moderate-priced revolvers and self-chambering pistols in a wide variety of models. These were popular mainly in the European and Latin American export market, as well as domestically in Spain.
First models
Gabilondo and Urresti was founded in 1904, but did not appear in the industrial census of Eibar until 1907 where it is listed as having four gunsmiths at work. In the period from 1908 to 1914, this doubled to eight. In 1912, the company was not among those Eibar manufacturers involved in legal action against Fabrique Nationale so it can be assumed that they had not yet begun to sell self-loading pistols based on Browning patents.
Gabilondo and Urresti initially made copies of Nagant revolvers in 7.62mm Nagant and 8mm Lebel (these lacked the "gas seal" feature of the originals); as well as Colt New Service, and Vélodog-style revolvers under their own brand. The firm also produced parts for other companies.
The "Vélodog" revolvers are small pocket pistols intended for the protection of cyclists and hikers against savage dogs, typically firing five or six shots, and fitted with a short barrel and folding trigger. They were initially chambered in 5.5 mm Vélodog or .22 long rifle, but later examples are found in 6.35mm Browning/.25 ACP and 7.65mm Browning/.32 ACP calibres.
In 1913, the company manufactured the Radium, a small six-shot self-loading pistol in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP with a unique magazine design patented by Guillermo Echeverria and Valentin Vallejo. The magazine was fixed, and was reloaded by sliding one of the grip panels down to expose the mechanism. Rounds could then be inserted one by one until the magazine was fully loaded and the panel closed again. However ingenious, the pistol was difficult to make and not revived after the conclusion of the First World War.
Ruby pistol
In 1914, just before the start of the First World War, Gabilondo created a sturdy self-loading pistol based on the Browning Model 1903 and chambered for the 7.65mm Browning/.32 ACP cartridge. Unusually for the time, the magazine capacity was nine shots instead of the usual six or seven. The pistol was intended for export to the Americas, and despite the small calibre was designed with military and police sales in mind. Other Spanish manufacturers had copied the Browning since around 1905. These copies were less sophisticated than the original, but one was very similar to the eventual Ruby design, the "Victoria" made by Esperanza y Unceta. This was a six-shot model incorporating improvements patented by Pedro Careaga in 1911, and Esperanza y Unceta in 1912. These are believed to have covered the frame-mounted safety (instead of a grip safety on the original Browning), and the substitution of an internal striker for a hammer.
In 1915, Gabilondo sent examples of the pistols to the French government, who were hard-pressed for all sorts of small-arms, even in this early stage of the war. After testing was completed in May 1915, the French decided to accept the Ruby as the Pistolet Automatique, Type Ruby and contracted Gabilondo to produce 10,000 pistols a month. By August the target had been raised to 30,000 and later still an incredible 50,000 a month. Despite its size, the company could barely cope with the initial contract and arranged for four partners to manufacture the Ruby for them:
Armeria Elgoibaressa y Cia (under the brand name Lusitania)
Echealaza y Vincinai y Cia
Hijos de Angel Echeverria y Cia
Iraola Salaverria y Cia
The contract stipulated that each company would produce a minimum of 5,000 pistols per month. Gabilondo would produce 10,000 guns, carry out overall quality control and arrange delivery to the French authorities. As the number of pistols required increased, the company agreed to purchase any pistols in excess of the agreed number at the same contracted price.
As the French became more desperate, the procurement process spiraled out of control. Eventually Gabilondo contracted with another three companies and at least 45 other companies contracted with the French directly to produce Ruby-type pistols in a variety of calibres, barrel lengths and magazine capacities.
Estimates of Gabilondo Ruby production are between 250,000 and 300,000 pistols in total. While most Gabilondo produced pistols were of good quality, others were less well made. French officials quickly became aware that few of the Spanish Ruby-types had interchangeable magazines, and insisted the manufacturers mark the base of all magazines. This was to prevent the possibly fatal consequence at the front line of either not being able to insert a new magazine, or having a loaded magazine detach from the gun in action. Many Ruby-types were plagued by poor finish and incorrectly hardened steel parts which after a short period of use wore so badly that pistols fired on full-auto. On other pistols, the safety mechanism wore out. The good quality Rubies were reliable and accurate, although some users were disconcerted by the lack of a visible hammer. About 710,000 Ruby types were accepted by the French from all sources and by 1920, about 580,000 were still serviceable and in French army stores. Many other allied nations, and some of the new nations created after the War such as Finland and Yugoslavia also used Ruby-type pistols. Gabilondo ceased production in 1919 and switched to more advanced models, but other firms continued to produce the Ruby-type until the Great Depression wiped out many arms producers.
Bufalo and Danton
In 1919, Gabilondo introduced the Bufalo, a pistol inspired by the Browning designed FN model 1910. While resembling the 1910 closely externally, the mechanism had some features carried over from the Browning model 1903. The striker was replaced with a concealed hammer, and in those models fitted with a grip safety, the Browning design was replaced with a native design patented in Spain. The Bufalo was manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, and 9 mm corto/.380 ACP with seven-, nine-, and twelve-round removable magazines.
For the first time a Spanish product appears to have inspired copies by foreign makers, in the form of the FN Model 1910/22 supplied to the Yugoslavian military, to replace worn out, nine shot Ruby-types supplied during the war.
The Danton, introduced in 1925 to replace the Bufalo, was very similar but also available in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP calibre. Despite being marked "War Model" and being fitted with a lanyard ring, these pistols attracted no official military sales, but were popular private-purchase and police weapons. Both guns were a great success, with one exporter alone shipping 100 pistols a day to the US. Production of the Danton was stopped in 1933.
Ruby Plus Ultra
The Ruby Plus Ultra (named for the Spanish national motto) was made between 1928 and 1933. It was an improved version of the earlier Ruby but had a 22-round double-stack magazine. Models with an extended 140 mm barrel, but standard length slide were available, as were models with selective fire capability. These features were most popular in the Asian market, and sales to both Chinese warlords and Japanese pilots are recorded. Many of these arms were used during the Second World War. These were not purchased officially by the Japanese forces, but as private purchase weapons through the Japanese equivalent of the Army and Navy Stores. During the Spanish Civil War volunteers in the International Brigade also favoured these early high-capacity weapons.
Ruby "Colt" transitional models
Around 1931 Gabilondo began to make copies of the Colt 1905 in .45 ACP and 9 mm Largo without a grip safety and with a nine-shot magazine. These were simply marked with the Ruby trademark and the calibre. Some Gabilondo 1905's were reportedly marked with the trademark "Iñaki" as well.
Llama
The Llama trademark was registered in 1932 and pistols started to appear in 1933. There seems to have been a desire by Gabilondo for a clean break with the Ruby brand, given the adverse reputation that wartime Ruby-type pistols acquired (the majority of which, ironically, were not even manufactured by Gabilondo). These were based on the Colt M1911 and later the improved Colt Model 1911A1 model of 1924, but without the grip safety. Very early models were advertised in .45 ACP, 9mm Largo and 7.63mm Mauser. The Llama IV was the first model to appear, but was not numbered until a later date. The Llama V was chambered for 9mm Largo, .38 ACP, .38 Super, and 9mm Parabellum for sale in the US. The Llama VII was chambered for 9mm Largo, .38 ACP, .38 super, 9mm Parabellum and came it two different versions, a regular 5" length barrel and the Extra with a 5 1/2" barrel. There are reports that 12,000 were purchased by the British SOE at Gibraltar and stored for use in Spain if Germany had invaded, a Llama being bought by the British in 1944 for use by the S.O.E. but which gun cannot be confirmed if it actually happened.
Concurrent with the release of these large models, Gabilondo replaced the Danton with the Llama I and Llama II. The Llama I was manufactured from 1933 to 1954 and resembled a miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP. As a locked breach was unnecessary for a pistol in this calibre, it was eliminated, as was the grip safety. Similar to previous Gabilondo models it had a nine-round magazine. The Llama II was manufactured from 1933 to 1954, The Llama II was chambered in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with an eight-round magazine and without grip safety. The Llama III was introduced with a grip safety, locked breech and continued to be made until 1954. It was made in the same calibre and magazine capacity. Refer to http://www.carbinesforcollectors.com/llamapage.html for accurate pictures of the guns. Llama never made a Stainless Steel gun as some report them to be, they are all chrome plated either bright or satin.
Tauler and Mugica brands
In the 1930s, Gabilondo manufactured its pistols under the brand names "Tauler" and "Mugica" for worldwide export, mainly to the Americas and Asia.
Tauler was a famous Spanish target shooter and Olympic medalist who became a gunsmith, opening a shop in Madrid and he eventually began exporting weapons. He had the full range of Llama pistols manufactured bearing his trademark and name, with a variety of minor improvements of his own design. Markings on the pistols were in English, suggesting he had the British Commonwealth and North American markets in mind, although in the past other firms had also used these in an attempt to mislead semi-literate customers that they were buying American made weapons. He was also an agent of the Spanish secret service, and used his connections to encourage sales to his fellow agents, government departments and police authorities. Tauler pistols were only manufactured between 1933 and 1936.
Tauler and Llama pistol comparison
Jose Cruz Mugica was the owner of a large shotgun factory located in Eibar. In the 1930s he contracted to export pistols to the Thai government, but after the occupation of that country by Japan he was forced to concentrate on other markets, mainly in China. Most of his products were Llama models marked with his own brand name. Mugica pistols were made between 1931 and 1954, with some interruptions due to the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath.
Mugica and Llama pistol comparisons
Omni and Spanish military competition
In the late 1970s, the Spanish military began modernizing their handguns. The extensive trials continued into the 1980s and Llama-Gabilondo proposed first, the Omni series, and then later a new model, the M-82. Both entries were radical departures from their normal products and used the latest technology.
The first Omni dispensed with the Browning 1911-style swinging link in favour of the Browning 1935-type fixed cam to lock the breech. Apart from the method of locking the breech, other features of the pistol were highly innovative. Three new magazine designs were tried. Omni I was a .45 ACP pistol with a single stack 7-round magazine. Omni II was a 9 mm parabellum pistol with a single stack 9-round magazine. Omni III was a 9 mm parabellum pistol with a double stack 13-round magazine, however the first five rounds fed into the action in a single column to reduce the likelihood of jamming. Another feature was the two-piece ball-jointed firing pin, which was designed to never break. Additionally the Omni had dual sear bars for improved trigger pull; a trigger safety; finger-contoured trigger guard and a decocking manual safety lever. The wealth of features meant the Omni was an expensive pistol to make compared to previous models, and together with its radical appearance, this discouraged commercial sales. Production of the Omni therefore ceased in 1986.
Despite the Omni's lack of success, it was used as the point of departure for the military M-82 design. While the appearance of the pistol remained the same, the mechanism was completely changed and numerous features copied from the Beretta M-92 including the locking mechanism, the trigger mechanism and the number of rounds (15) in the magazine. However, the open-topped slide of the Beretta was rejected in favour of a traditional closed slide with ejection port. An extractor-mounted loaded chamber indicator, reversible magazine release and ambidextrous safety levers were also included. Military models had a magazine safety, but this could be removed on request for commercial customers. The M-82 began production in 1986 and was adopted by the Spanish forces in 1987 as Modelo M-82 Doble Accion. Commercial models experience difficulties feeding some brands of hollowpoint ammunition, and unsurprisingly, best reliability is achieved with NATO specification ball ammunition.
The Llama M-87 was introduced in 1986. This was a high-grade competition pistol based on M-82 with extended barrel, compensator, muzzle weight, target sights, target trigger, additional manual safety, extended magazine release, extended safety levers, beveled magazine well, and two-tone finish (chrome with blued slide). Despite the high price, (Retail $US1,450) the M-87 was greeted with excellent reviews on release. However the glowing reviews were unable to overcome distrust of so many innovations on such an expensive gun.
Llama in the 1990s
The great success of the Para-Ordnance high-capacity 1911-type pistols led to design changes to some models starting in 1994.
The Llama IX-C was manufactured from 1994 to 1997. It was similar to the Llama IX-A except for the 12-round double column magazine. This large-framed pistol had a -inch barrel and was inches long overall with a height of inches. It was fitted with a special Swartz safety, first used by Colt in the 1930s, to prevent accidental discharge when the pistol is dropped on a hard surface. Because of the thickness of the magazine well, the arched mainspring housing was reduced in size to allow a better grip for normal sized hands. Following the passage of the US Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act late in 1994, magazine capacity was dropped to 10 rounds in and several minor changes made to the shape of hammer and safety.
The next model to be released, in 1995, was the MAX-1 pistol. This was Llamas equivalent to the Colt Government model. This conformed more closely to the Colt 1911-A1 than any previous Llama, and removed some of the traditional Llama features such as the ventilated rib. However the slimmer mainspring housing from the IX-C was retained, a move considered by smaller-handed shooters to give this model superior handling qualities. The ban on the import of Chinese weapons contributed to this models success in the low-cost "1911 clone" market, although there were problems fitting many aftermarket 1911 accessories.
A smaller model, the MAX-1 C/F (MAX-1 Compact) was introduced not long afterwards. This is shorter and lighter than the MAX-1 but retains the same magazine capacity (7-round in .45 ACP; 9-round in 9mm Parabellum).
Llama Mini Max Sub-Compact 45 II, Mini-Max sub-compact]]
In late 1995, the Llama Mini-Max was introduced. It was produced in 9mm Parabellum and 38 Super (8-round capacity), .40 S&W (7-round capacity) and .45 ACP (6-round capacity) with a 3.7-inch barrel. The overall length was 7.3 inches and the height 5.1 inches. Designed for concealed carry, it featured an extended safety lever, rounded hammer, Swartz safety, 3-dot sight, checkered neoprene grips and contoured trigger-guard. the use of a flared muzzle eliminated the traditional Llama barrel bushing and made disassemby easier. Standard 1911-type magazines could be used in the .45 ACP model, increasing capacity by one or two rounds. A wide range of finishes were available including matte blue, satin chrome, and two-tone. Initial reviews were disappointing citing mediocre accuracy and occasional malfunctions, but these may be related to quality control issues and ammunition choice rather than design failure.
In 1997, the Mini-Max II was launched. The Mini-Max II is similar to the original Mini-Max, but with a double column magazine with a 10-round capacity in 9 Parabellum, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP. Higher capacities were available for US law enforcement and international sales.
At the same time the Llama III-A was replaced by the Micro-Max. This was similar in style to the Minimax, with a matte black or satin-chrome finish and 3.75-inch barrel. Models imported into the US were chambered for 9mm corto/.380 ACP (7-round capacity) and 7.65mm/.32 ACP (8-round capacity).
Bankruptcy and rescue efforts
While an inability to rapidly modernise its manufacturing capability might have eventually doomed the company, it was the Asian Economic Crisis of the early 1990s that directly brought about the crisis that engulfed Llama. Spanish banks that had extended bad loans in East Asia tried to cover their losses by restricting credit domestically, including to Llama.
Llama filed for bankruptcy in 1992, and in 1993 sixty of its gunsmiths and employees formed a co-operative to buy the Llama name and all of the equipment. These Gabilondo employees negotiated over a protracted period and finalised the transfer around 2000.
The cooperative that took over was named Fabrinor Arma Corta y Microfusion, S.A. They moved the factory to Legutiano, and attempted to sell off Llama’s old property holdings. The company began to diversify offering not just handguns but precision parts made by investment casting.
The main problem with the new group was sales were not rising fast enough to cover the old debt they inherited from Llama. Fabrinor was able to reschedule the debts in 2002 and again in 2003, but even public listing on the stock market didn't help generate the funds required.
Because of regulatory intervention, Fabrinor was compelled to call a special shareholder meeting on 12 January 2005, to reveal fully to shareholders the company's financial situation, its plans to restructure into a limited partnership and the latest plans to reschedule its inherited debts. The plans were rejected and the plant in Legutiano was closed.
Star (Bonifacio Echevarria S.A.) had gone under in 1993, its assets sold to rival Astra (Esperanza y Unceta, later Societa Unceta y Cia, then Astra-Unceta y Cia, finally Astar S.A.), which in turn collapsed completely in 1997. With the long lingering collapse of Fabrinor, the ruling post-depression triumvirate of Spanish pistol makers came to an end.
Model listing - self-loading pistols
Radium Manufactured from 1910 to 1915. Self-loading pistol, hammerless, frame mounted safety, manufactured in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, six-round fixed magazine with sliding cover.
Ruby Manufactured from 1914 to 1919. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1903, hammerless, frame mounted safety, manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, nine-round removable magazine.
Bufalo Manufactured from 1919 to 1925. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1910, internal hammer, manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, and 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven, nine, and twelve-round removable magazines. Also available in a gun marked Ruby Arms Co.
Danton Manufactured from 1925 to 1933. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1910, internal hammer, manufactured in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, 7.65 mm/.32 ACP, and 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven-round, nine-round (85 mm barrel), and twelve-round (100 mm barrel) removable magazines.
Ruby Plus Ultra Manufactured from 1925 to 1933. Self-loading pistol, copy of the FN Model 1903, hammerless, frame mounted safety, manufactured in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP with 22-round double-column removable magazine. Some with 140 mm extended barrel, weight 1,000 grams. Some models were selective fire.
Llama I Manufactured from 1933 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP with nine-round magazine without a grip safety.
Llama II Manufactured from 1933 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with eight-round magazine and without grip safety.
Llama III Manufactured from 1936 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven-round magazine and with grip safety.
Llama III-A Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation (earlier models up to about 1975: locked breech), miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP with seven-round magazine and with grip safety. Also fitted with longer manual safety lever. Early models fitted with lanyard ring; later models replaced this with a ventilated rib and plastic target grips. Luxury finishes (including gold plating) and various engraving options were available. One of the most successful models in the Llama range.
Llama IV Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9 mm Largo, 38acp with eight-round magazine, lanyard ring and without grip safety.
Llama V Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9mm Largo, 38acp .38 Super and 9mmP without grip safety. For US export market.
Llama VI Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, miniature copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9 mm corto/.380 ACP with grip safety. This gun looked like the model III but had a barrel that was shorter and held only 6 rounds in the magazine. Usually marked Special Police on the right of slide.
Llama VII Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in 9mm Largo,38 ACP and 9mmP with eight-round magazine, with grip safety. Available as Llama Extra model, one marked and Military and Police One marked Especial and one not marked in any way.
Llama VIII Manufactured from 1932 to 1985. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in .38 Super with eight-round magazine, grip safety, ventilated rib (in later models), single stack 8-round magazine and lanyard ring. A large capacity model, the Llama VIII-C, with a twin column 18-round magazine, rounded hammer spur and neoprene grips was made in the 1980s.
Llama IX Manufactured from 1932 to 1954. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, copy of Colt 1911A1 in .45 ACP, with single-column 7-round magazine and lanyard ring.
Llama IX-A Manufactured from 1955 to 1985. Identical to the Llama IX with a grip safety and a ventilated rib. This model was the mainstay of Llama's American export market.
Llama IX-B Compact version of Llama IX-A.
Llama IX-C Manufactured from 1994 to 1997. Similar to the Llama IX-A except for the 12-round double column magazine, inspired by the Para-Ordnance .45 calibre pistols. Fitted with special Swartz Safety to prevent accidental discharge when the pistol is dropped. Magazine capacity was later dropped to 10 rounds in late 1994 and several minor changes made to the hammer and safety.
Llama IX-D Very similar to the IX-C model but featuring a shorter length barrel. 4.25 in (108 mm) as opposed to the IX-C's 5 in (127 mm) barrel. Probably inspired by the commander version of the Colt 1911.
Llama X-A Manufactured from 1950 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 7.65 mm/.32 ACP with grip safety and loaded chamber indicator. Identical to III-A except for calibre.
Llama XI Especial Manufactured from 1933 to 1954 and again in 1970 for a few years. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, based on Colt 1911A1 but with more ergonomic frame, in 9 mm Parabellum with lanyard ring and without grip safety. Ribbed wooden grips or plastic in the 1970 model, rounded-hammer, eight-round magazine. Well regarded, widely exported to Asia and popular during Spanish Civil War.
Llama XI-A and Llama XI-B Manufactured from 1955 to 1995. Self-loading pistol, locked breech and blowback, based on Colt 1911A1, in 9 mm Parabellum with grip safety. Checkered wooden or plastic grips, spurred hammer, eight-round magazine. Apart from name and calibre, not directly based on Llama XI Especial. The Llama XI-B was a compact model. Subject to recalls in 1984 (Llama XI-A) and 1992 (Llama XI-B) due to risk of accidental discharge.
Llama XII-B Manufactured from 1990 to 1995. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, based on Colt 1911A1, in .40 S&W calibre.
Llama XV "Especial" Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in .22 LR with grip safety. Identical to Llama III-A except for calibre.
Llama XVI Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in .22 LR with grip safety. Identical to Llama XV except for luxury finish (including gold plating) and various engraving options.
Llama XVII Manufactured from 1963 to 1969. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation in .22 RF, with single-column six-round magazine. Smaller version of Llama XV. One of the smallest Spanish pistols ever made, it was discontinued due to the US Gun Control Act of 1968.
Llama XVIII Manufactured 1963–1969. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation in 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, with single-column six-round magazine. Smaller version of Llama XV. One of the smallest Spanish pistols ever made, it was discontinued due to the US Gun Control Act of 1968.
Llama XIX Manufactured from 1954 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, blowback operation, miniature copy of Colt 1911 in 9 mm corto/.380 ACP with grip safety. Also had a longer manual safety lever. Identical to Llama III-A except for lighter weight aluminum alloy frame.
Omni I Manufactured from approximately 1980–1986. Self-loading pistol, original design with Browning 1935-type locked breech, in 45 ACP with single column seven-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as de-cocker safety lever.
Omni II Manufactured from approximately 1980–1986. Self-loading pistol, original design with Browning 1935-type locked breech, in 9 mm Parabellum with single column nine-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as de-cocker safety lever.
Omni III Manufactured approximately 1980–1986. Self-loading pistol, original design with Browning 1935-type locked breech, in 9 mm Parabellum with double column 13-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as de-cocker safety lever.
Llama M-82 Manufactured from 1986 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, original design with Beretta falling-block type locked breech, in 9 mm Parabellum with double-stack 15-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as ambidextrous de-cocker safety lever, magazine safety, reversible magazine release. Best reliability with NATO specification ball ammunition. Adopted by Spanish Military in 1987.
Llama M-87 Manufactured from 1986 to 1997. Self-loading pistol, original design with Beretta falling-block type locked breech, in 9 mm parabellum with double-stack 15-round magazine. Numerous modern features such as ambidextrous de-cocker safety lever, magazine safety, reversible magazine release. High-grade competition pistol based on M-82 with extended barrel, compensator, muzzle weight, target sights, target trigger, additional manual safety, extended magazine release, extended safety levers, and two-tone finish (chrome with blued slide). Despite the high price, the M-87 was greeted with excellent reviews on release
Llama MAX-1 Also called MAX-I Government. Manufactured from 1995 to 2005. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, Colt 1911A1 "clone", in .45 ACP (7-round magazine) .40 S&W (8-round magazine) and in 9 mm Parabellum (9-round magazine) but with reduced size mainspring housing. -inch barrel. High-polish blue or satin-chrome finish.
Llama MAX-2 Manufactured from 1995-????. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, Colt 1911-A1 "clone", in .38 super with double-column 18-round magazine and reduced-size mainspring housing. Also manufactured a 10-round .45 ACP model with a double-stack magazine and a -inch barrel. For IPSC (International Practical Shooting Confederation) competition. Limited manufacture.
Llama MAX-I C/F Also called Max-I Compact. Manufactured 1995-????. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, Colt 1911-A1 "clone", in .45 ACP (7-round magazine), .40 S&W (8-round magazine) and in 9 mm Parabellum (9-round magazine) but with reduced size mainspring housing. High polish blue or satin-chrome finish. Shorter (4.25-inch barrel) and lighter model of the MAX-I.
Llama Mini-Max Manufactured from 1995–2005. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, miniature version of Colt 1911-A1 in 9 mm Parabellum and 38 Super (8-round capacity), .40 S&W (7-round capacity) and .45 ACP (6-round capacity) with a 3.7-inch barrel. Extended safety lever, rounded hammer, Swartz safety, 3-dot sight, checkered neoprene grips and contoured trigger-guard. Standard 1911-type magazines could be used in the .45 ACP model to give 7 or 8-round capacity. Finishes include matte blue, satin chrome, two-tone and stainless steel.
Llama Mini-Max II Manufactured from 1997 to 2005. Self-loading pistol, locked breech, miniature version of Colt 1911-A1 in 9 mm Parabellum (10-round capacity), .40 S&W (10-round capacity) and .45 ACP (10-round capacity) with a 3.7-inch barrel. Extended safety lever, rounded hammer, Swartz safety, 3-dot sight, checkered neoprene grips. International model available with higher capacity magazine.
Llama Micro-Max Manufactured from early 1996 to 2005. Self-loading pistol, blow-back operation, miniature version of Colt 1911-A1 in 9 mm Corto/.380 ACP (7-round capacity) and 7.65 mm/.32 ACP (8-round capacity). Extended safety lever, rounded hammer. Matt black finish only. Replacement for Llama III-A. Also available in high polished chrome.
Model listing - revolvers
Early production revolvers from 1904 to 1914
Nagant revolvers in 7.62mm Nagant and 8mm Lebel.
Colt New Service copies in .32 S&W Long and 7.62 Nagant.
Vélodog-style revolvers in 5.5 mm Vélodog, .22LR, 6.35 mm/.25 ACP, and 7.65 mm/.32 ACP.
Ruby Extra revolvers represented Gabilondo's economy range of revolvers. Manufactured from 1955 to 1970 they are copies of the Smith & Wesson Military and Police models, but fitted with coiled mainspring. They were very popular in the Philippines and South America.
Model 12 (XII): .38 Special calibre revolver with 5-inch barrel and service grips.
Model 13 (XIII): .38 Special calibre revolver with 4- or 6-inch barrel and ventilated rib. Rounded grips on 4-inch model. Adjustable sights and target grips on 6-inch model. First Llama model with eccentric-cam firing pin safety. Llama was the first manufacturer to use this system on their revolvers.
Model 14 (XIV): .22 LR and .32 S&W long revolver with 2-, 4- or 6-inch barrel and various sights.
Llama revolvers had a better standard of manufacture and higher price. Manufactured from 1969 to 1978 and based on the Smith & Wesson Military and Police model but fitted with coiled mainspring.
Martial: .38 Special calibre revolver with 2-, 4- or 6-inch barrel, ventilated rib and adjustable rear sights. A similar revolver, also chambered in .38 Special, was sold marked "Martial Police"
Model 22 (XXII): .38 Special calibre double action steel-framed target revolver. Adjustable sights and target grips. Deluxe "Olimpico" model available.
Model 23 (XXIII): .38 special double action blued steel revolver. Long and reinforced barrel with ventilated ribs, muzzle suppressor, adjustable sights, 'sports grip' and adjustable trigger. the "Olympic" version of the XXII.
Model 24 (XXIV): .22 LR double action blued steel revolver. Long and reinforced barrel with ventilated ribs, muzzle suppressor, adjustable sights, 'sports grip' and adjustable trigger. The .22 LR "Olympic" version of the XXII/I.
Model 26 (XXVI): .22 LR calibre double action steel-framed revolver.
Model 27 (XXVII): .32 S&W Long revolver calibre double action steel-framed revolver.
Model 28 (XVIII): .22 LR calibre double action alloy-framed revolver.
Model 29 (XIX): .22 LR double action steel-framed target revolver. Adjustable sights and target grips. Deluxe "Olimpico" model available.
Model 30 (XXX): .22 Magnum calibre double action steel-framed revolver.
Model 32 (XXXII): .32 S&W long revolver calibre double action steel-framed target revolver. Adjustable sights and target grips. Deluxe "Olimpico" model available.
Comanche revolvers were the flagship of Gabilondo's revolver range produced from 1975 to 1997. They were copies of large framed Smith & Wesson revolvers. Although of a very high standard, they were unable to compete successfully in the US market.
Comanche: In .357 Magnum calibre with 4- or 6-inch barrel. Renamed Comanche III in 1977.
Comanche I: .22 LR calibre with 6-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer. Chrome finish and engraving options available.
Comanche II: .38 special calibre with four- or six-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer. Chrome finish and various engraving options available.
Comanche III: Renamed Comanche .357 with four- or six-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer. Chrome finish and various engraving options available.
Comanche IV/ .44 Magnum Super Comanche: .44 Magnum with 6 or 8.5-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer, extra wide trigger. Oversize walnut target grips and blued finish only. Discontinued 1994.
Comanche V/ .357 Magnum Super Comanche: .357 Magnum with 4, 6, or 8.5-inch barrel, ventilated rib, adjustable rear sight, wide spur hammer, extra wide trigger. Oversize walnut target grips and blued finish only. Discontinued 1994.
Scorpio and Picolo were Gabilondo's first entry into the compact pocket revolver range since their early revolvers of 1904–1914.
Scorpio: .22LR and .32 S&W Long calibre with two-inch unribbed barrel, low profile sights, rounded grips, steel frame.
Picolo: .22LR and .32 S&W Long calibre with two-inch unribbed barrel, low profile sights, rounded grips, alloy frame.
See also
Astra-Unceta y Cia SA, another former Spanish handgun manufacturer
ASTAR
Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A.
References
Firearm manufacturers of Spain
Defunct manufacturing companies of Spain
Defunct firearms manufacturers
Semi-automatic pistols of Spain
Weapons of Spain
1911 platform
.25 ACP semi-automatic pistols
.32 ACP semi-automatic pistols
.380 ACP semi-automatic pistols
7.62×38mmR firearms
8 mm firearms
.22 LR pistols
9mm Largo firearms
.45 ACP semi-automatic pistols
7.63×25mm Mauser firearms
.38 Super semi-automatic pistols
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
.40 S&W semi-automatic pistols
.38 Special firearms
.32 S&W Long firearms
.357 Magnum firearms
.44 Magnum firearms
Spanish companies established in 1904
Manufacturing companies established in 1904
Spanish companies disestablished in 2005
Industrial history of Spain
Basque companies |
15829873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsas%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Marsas, Hautes-Pyrénées | Marsas is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseillan%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Marseillan, Hautes-Pyrénées | Marseillan (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Caretaker%20Trilogy | The Caretaker Trilogy | The Caretaker Trilogy is a series of science fiction thrillers with an ecological theme, written for young adults by David Klass. The first book in the series, Firestorm (2006), was the first book ever endorsed by Greenpeace and was praised by critics for its combination of entertainment value and environmental message, garnering an American Library Association (ALA) Best Book citation, a starred review from Publishers Weekly, and a favorable review by the New York Times Book Review. The story focuses on Jack Danielson, a teenager sent back from the future to save the world's oceans. Whirlwind, the second book in the Caretaker Trilogy, tells the story of Jack's efforts to save the Amazon rain forest; published in March 2008 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The third book in the trilogy is Timelock, published in 2009.
Firestorm has been optioned by Warner Bros. and the production company Thunder Road.
Novels
Firestorm
Gradually Jack learns that he is from 1000 years in the future, when the Earth is an ecological wasteland. His true parents are among the Caretakers, who live in that future, and he has been sent back to the present, to the Turning Point, the last opportunity to stop the environmental disasters that the Dark Army has set in play in order to ruin the world. With the help of an unusual dog and a shape-shifting female fighter.
Jack faces the diabolical Dargon, sent back from the future by the Dark Army with plans to trigger the ruin of the world's oceans.
Whirlwind
The sequel to Firestorm. Jack is accused of kidnapping PJ but is quickly found by Gisco as they set off on their second adventure. They have a wild run in at a carnival, a hot air balloon ride, and a full out war with the leader of the Dark Army, the father of his previous enemy. This time around instead of the ocean it is the Amazon which makes most of the Earth's air. In the rain forest Jack finds Eko and after some romantic scenes they find Kidah, a mysterious wizard lost in time, also the wizard who wrote the prophecy about Jack. After another successful mission Jack promises to give up on the future's battle with the dark army and throws the watch into the Amazon River.
Timelock
Although longing for a normal life, in the final novel of the trilogy Jack has to save the polar ice caps. He visits his own time, a world of burning deserts, and has to choose between his destiny as a prince of the future and his life as an ordinary present-day teenager. He battles cyborgs, giant scorpions and zombie warlocks.
References
External links
David Klass at Farrar, Straus & Giroux
Young adult novel series
2000s science fiction novels
Science fiction novel trilogies
Farrar, Straus and Giroux books |
15829910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascaras | Mascaras | Mascaras may refer to the following places in France:
Mascaras, Gers, a commune in the Gers department
Mascaras, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
See also
Mascara (disambiguation) |
15829930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai%20Super%20Kings | Chennai Super Kings | Chennai Super Kings (CSK) is an Indian professional cricket franchise based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The team competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and was one of the eight franchises incorporated when the league was established in 2008. The team plays its home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium and is owned by Chennai Super Kings Cricket.
The Super Kings is the joint-most successful IPL franchise, having won five IPL titles (along with Mumbai Indians). In the IPL, it has appeared in a 10 finals and qualified for the playoff stages 12 times, the most amongst the IPL teams. The franchise has also won the Champions League Twenty20 twice in 2010 and 2014. The team is currently captained by Ruturaj Gaikwad and coached by Stephen Fleming.
The Super Kings was suspended for two years from the IPL starting July 2015 due to the involvement of its owners in the 2013 IPL betting case. The frachise re-joined the IPL for the 2018 season and won the title in its comeback season. In January 2022, CSK became India's first unicorn sports enterprise. As of 2022, it was the second most valuable IPL franchise with a valuation of $1.15 billion.
History
Early years (2008–09)
In September 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a Twenty20 competition with the inaugural season planned for 2008. Chennai was one of the eight city-based franchises unveiled for the inaugural edition in January 2008.
The player auction for the inaugural IPL season took place in January 2008. Then captain of the Indian team MS Dhoni was bought by the Super Kings for $1.5 million, the most expensive buy at the auction. The franchise also bought international cricketers Suresh Raina, Matthew Hayden, Jacob Oram, Stephen Fleming, Muttiah Muralitharan and Michael Hussey in the inagural auction. Ahead of the inaugural season, the franchise named Dhoni as the captain of the team and appointed Kepler Wessels as the head coach. The team played its first game in the IPL on 19 April 2008 against Kings XI Punjab at Mohali, which it won by 33 runs. The Super Kings finished the league stage in third place with eight wins from 14 games. In the semifinal, the franchise beat Kings XI Punjab by nine wickets to reach the maiden IPL final. In the final at Mumbai, Rajasthan Royals won the match off the last ball to defeat the Super Kings and lifted the first IPL title. By finishing as the runners-up in the IPL, the Super Kings qualified for the inaugural season of the Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20). The tournament was later cancelled as a consequence of the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the Super Kings was given $5 million as compensation from the BCCI for the same.
Ahead of the 2009 season, Stephen Fleming took over as the head coach of the Super Kings. At the player auction, the franchise bought English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff for $1.55 million, making him the joint highest-paid cricketer in the IPL. Opening batter Hussey skipped the IPL season to focus on The Ashes. The Super Kings finished the league stage in second place with eight wins from 14 matches. In the semi-finals, the team lost to Royal Challengers Bangalore by six wickets. Super Kings opener Hayden won the Orange Cap as the leading run-scorer of the season with 572 runs.
Championship and further success (2010–12)
In 2010, the Super Kings struggled in the first half of the regular season, winning only two matches out of seven. They won five of their next seven games including a must-win encounter against Kings XI Punjab at Dharamshala. With seven wins from 14 matches, the team finished the league stage in third place and qualified for the semi-finals for the third consecutive season. In the semifinal, the Super Kings scored a modest 142/7 in 20 overs against the defending champions Deccan Chargers but restricted the opposition to 104 runs to score a 38-run victory. The Super Kings defeated Mumbai Indians by 22 runs in the final to secure their first ever IPL title. With the win, the franchise qualified for the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 that was to be held in South Africa. In the Champions League, the team finished at the top of Group A with three wins and a defeat. In the semifinal at Durban, the Super Kings defeated fellow IPL team Royal Challengers Bangalore by 52 runs. In their first CLT20 final at Johannesburg, they beat the Warriors of South Africa by eight wickets to win the tournament. Murali Vijay, who won the Man of the Match in the final, was awarded the Golden Bat for scoring the most runs in the tournament, and Ravichandran Ashwin, who was the leading wicket-taker, was adjudged the Player of the Series.
For the 2011 IPL season, a fresh auction was held after two new teams were added to the IPL. Each franchise was allowed to retain a maximum of four players from its current squad with a maximum of three Indian players. The Super Kings retained captain Dhoni, Raina, Vijay and South African Albie Morkel. In the subsequent auction, they bought back Hussey, Ashwin, Bollinger and Subramaniam Badrinath. In the 2011 season, they finished second in the league stage with nine wins and five loses. The team won the first qualifier against Royal Challengers by six wickets to qualify for the final. In the final, the Super Kings again met Royal Challengers in Chennai. The team won a second consecutive IPL title and Vijay was named as Man of the Match for his innings of 95 runs. In the Champions League held later that year, the Super Kings won only one out of their four group matches and finished at the bottom of the table.
Ahead of the 2012 IPL season, the franchise bought Indian all-rounder Ravindra Jadeja for $2 million at the players' auction. The Super Kings won only five of their first 12 games but won three of their last four matches to qualify for the playoffs. In the playoffs, the team beat Mumbai Indians by 38 runs and league stage table-toppers Delhi Daredevils by 86 runs in consecutive matches to qualify for the final. In their third consecutive final appearance, the Super Kings lost to Kolkata Knight Riders by five wickets. In the subsequent Champions League, the Super Kings ended with two wins from four matches and did not progress past the group stage.
Consistent performance and suspension (2013–17)
Ahead of the 2013 IPL season, the Super Kings strengthened their bowling by signing up five new bowlers. In the IPL season, the team finished on top of the group stage points table for the first time with 11 wins from 16 matches. During the season, they also equaled the record for most successive match wins in the IPL with seven wins. In the first qualifier against the Mumbai Indians at Delhi, the Super Kings won by 48 runs, aided by unbeaten half-centuries from Hussey and Raina, to qualify for the final. In the final against the same opposition at Kolkata, the team lost by 23 runs. Hussey top scored with 733 runs, winning the Orange Cap for the most runs in the season and Dwayne Bravo won the Purple Cap for the most wickets (32). The Super Kings qualified for the 2013 Champions League Twenty20 held in India in September–October. The team won three of the four matches in the group stage to qualify for the semi-finals, in which it lost to the Rajasthan Royals by 14 runs.
In May 2013, Gurunath Meiyappan, who was the team principal of the Super Kings, was arrested by Mumbai Police on charges of placing bets on IPL matches. In February 2014, a three-member panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India inquired into the betting case and indicted Meiyappan for illegal betting during the 2013 IPL season.
Before the 2014 season, the Super Kings retained Dhoni, Raina, Jadeja, Ashwin and Bravo ahead of the players' auction. At the auction, the franchise bought Brendon McCullum, Dwayne Smith, Faf du Plessis, Ashish Nehra and Mohit Sharma among others. The first phase of the IPL season was held in the UAE with the second phase returning to India, but the Super Kings' home matches were shifted from Chennai to Ranchi due to a dispute between the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association. The Super Kings started the season with eight wins in their first ten matches before suffering from a dip in form towards the end of the regular season. The team recovered to finish third in the points table to qualify for the playoffs. In the first match of the playoffs, the team beat the Mumbai Indians by seven wickets before losing to the Kings XI Punjab side in the next match. In the 2014 Champions League, the Super Kings won two matches to finish second in the group stage to qualify for the semifinal. The team beat the Kings XI Punjab in the semi-finals by 65 runs. At the final in Bangalore, the Super Kings defeated then IPL champions Kolkata Knight Riders by eight wickets to win their second CLT20 title. Raina finished as the highest run-scorer of the tournament and was awarded Man of the Series.
Ahead of the 2015 season, the Super Kings got Hussey back and also bought Kyle Abbott, Irfan Pathan and Andrew Tye among others in the players' auction. In the group stage, the team topped the table with nine wins from 14 matches. In the playoffs, the Super Kings lost to the Mumbai Indians by 25 runs in the first qualifier before defeating the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the next match to qualify for the final. In the final, the team was again beaten by the Mumbai Indians by 41 runs. On 14 July 2015, the Supreme Court appointed committee headed by RM Lodha, suspended the Rajasthan Royals and the Chennai Super Kings franchises from the IPL for a period of two years due to the association of their owners with illegal betting.
Comeback (2018–20)
Ahead of the player auction in 2018, the Super Kings retained Dhoni, Raina and Jadeja from its old team roster. In the auction, the franchise bought back Bravo, du Plessis, and Vijay. It also added international cricketers Imran Tahir, Lungi Ngidi, Mark Wood, Mitchell Santner, Sam Billings along with Indians Deepak Chahar and Shardul Thakur amongst others. Ahead of the team's return to the IPL after two seasons, anticipating fans turned up for the practice sessions held at the M. A. Chidambaram stadium in Chennai before the start of the tournament. The Super Kings started off with a one wicket win over the Mumbai Indians in their first match in over two years. The team finished the league stage in second place to qualify for the playoffs. The Super Kings beat the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the first qualifier to qualify for the final. The team beat the same opponent in the final to win the league for the third time. The Super Kings also became the first team to defeat a single opponent (Sunrisers Hyderabad) four times in a single season.
In the 2019 IPL season, the Super Kings finished second in the league stage with nine wins from 14 matches. In the playoffs, they lost to the Mumbai Indians in the first match before beating the Delhi Capitals in the next match to enter the final for a record eighth time. In the final, the Super Kings lost to the Mumbai Indians by one run. Tahir, who took 26 wickets, won the Purple Cap for the most wickets.
Before the 2020 season, the Super Kings bought Sam Curran, Josh Hazlewood and Piyush Chawla at the player auction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IPL was initially postponed and later shifted to the UAE. Many members of the Super Kings' team tested positive for the coronavirus, and players such as Raina and Harbhajan Singh pulled out of the tournament citing personal reasons. In the first match, the Super Kings beat the defending champions Mumbai Indians. The team finished seventh overall in the group stage points table and failed to make it to the playoffs for the first time. The team's captain Dhoni drew criticism from the supporters over his form and team selection. The franchise released many of the players including Chawla, Vijay and Kedar Jadhav before the player auction for the 2021 season.
Further success and transition (2021–present)
In the 2021 player auction, the Super Kings bought Cheteshwar Pujara, Krishnappa Gowtham and Moeen Ali and traded in Robin Uthappa from the Rajasthan Royals. In the 2021 season, the team won five of the first seven matches before the season was suspended midway due to increase in number of COVID-19 cases. The second leg of the season resumed in the UAE with the Super Kings finishing second in the group stage to qualify for the playoffs. In the playoffs, the team beat the Delhi Capitals to reach the finals for the ninth time in their history. In the finals, the Super Kings beat the Kolkata Knight Riders to win their fourth IPL title.
Before the start of the 2022 IPL season, the Super Kings announced that Jadeja will replace Dhoni as the captain of the team. After the team lost six of the first eight matches in the season, Jadeja handed the captaincy back to Dhoni on 30 March 2022. The Super Kings finished ninth out of the ten teams in the group stage and failed to qualify for the playoffs for only the second time in their IPL history.
In the player auction before the start of the 2023 IPL season, the Super Kings bought Ben Stokes, Kyle Jamieson and Ajinkya Rahane. Bravo retired and re-signed with the team as the bowling coach, replacing Lakshmipathy Balaji. During the early part of the season, Chahar and Jamieson were ruled out due to injuries, and Stokes was out for most of the season due to various injuries. The team finished second in the group stage with 17 points from eight wins. The Super Kings won the first qualifier against the Gujarat Titans, making it into their tenth IPL finals in 14 seasons. In the final in Ahmedabad, the Super Kings beat defending champions Gujarat Titans by five wickets to win a record equaling fifth title.
In the player auction before the 2024 season, the Super Kings bought back Thakur and added Daryl Mitchell, Sameer Rizvi, Mustafizur Rahman and Rachin Ravindra to the squad. On 21 March 2024, Dhoni handed over the captaincy of the team to Ruturaj Gaikwad. The Super Kings finished with 14 points from seven wins in the group stage. The team was tied with three other teams in the competition for the last play-off spot (fourth) but finished fifth behind the Royal Challengers Bangalore on net run rate after the loss to the same team in its final group match. Hence, they failed to qualify for the IPL playoffs for only the third time in their history.
Crest and colors
The franchise was named as the Super Kings in honor of the rulers of the erstwhile Tamil kingdoms. The name was chosen from over 25,000 entries received in a naming contest. The logo consists of a head of a roaring lion in orange with a crown on the top and the team name rendered below in blue. The team's primary color is yellow and the current jersey introduced in 2021 includes a camouflage pattern at the shoulders and a roaring lion background pattern. The team's anthem is titled "Whistle Podu" (), the latest version of which was released in 2018.
Grounds
The Super Kings play their home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium (also known as "Chepauk") in Chennai, which is one of the oldest cricket stadiums in India. The stadium is owned by the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association and has a seating capacity of 38,000. The stadium is often referred to as "Fortress Chepauk" and "Lions' den".
In 2014, the Super Kings played their home matches at the JSCA International Cricket Stadium at Ranchi due to a dispute with the Government of Tamil Nadu regarding the usage of three stands at the Chepauk stadium. In 2018, the team played six of its home games at the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Pune after members of some of the political parties staged protests outside the Chepauk stadium and the Tamil Nadu Police indicated their inability to provide security for the subsequent matches.
Brand
The Super Kings has consistently been named amongst the most valuable sporting franchises in India. In a February 2013 report by London based Brand Finance, in which the Super Kings was placed in the 147th place amongst the top 150 most valuable teams in the world with a brand value of $46 million. In January 2022, the Super Kings became the first unicorn sports enterprise in India. In 2022, the Super Kings were named as the second most valuable IPL franchise with a valuation of $1.15 billion.
Sponsorship
Telecom service provider Aircel became the first shirt sponsor for the team after it signed a three-year deal in 2008. The deal was renewed in 2011 for , then the most expensive sponsorship deal in the IPL. Muthoot Group was the principal shirt sponsor from 2018 to 2020 after which Myntra took over as the principal shirt sponsor for the 2021 season.
In 2022, tyre maker TVS Eurogrip signed up with the franchise as the principal shirt sponsor on a three-year deal worth over . Etihad Airways signed as one of the principal sponsors ahead of 2024 season with the brand displayed on the backside of the jersey. The team also has sponsorship deals with India Cements, Gulf Oil, SNJ Breweries, Reliance Jio, Astral Pipes, ICICI Bank, Coca-Cola and Vision11.
Reebok, owned by German brand Adidas, was the official kit supplier for the Super Kings from 2008 to 2014. For the 2015 season, Australian apparel and sports gear manufacturer Spartan manufactured kits for the team. Indian apparel brand Seven became the official merchandising partner of the Super Kings in 2018. Chennai Super Kings is registered as a brand and sells cricket kits, apparel and other merchandise.
Support
The team has a significant fan following, colloquially referred to as the "Yellow Army". The official fan club of the Super Kings called the "Whistle Podu Army", was founded in January 2016. The team has the highest number of followers in the social media amongst the IPL teams with over 33 million followers across X, Facebook and Instagram as of March 2023. The home matches of the team register significant attendance with the fans often turning up to watch the team's practice sessions at Chennai. When the team's home games were moved to Pune in 2018, a charter train between Chennai and Pune was arranged by the franchise to ferry the fans.
Rivalries
Mumbai Indians rivalry
The Super Kings have played the Mumbai Indians 37 times in the IPL, with Chennai winning 17 of those matches. They are the two most successful IPL teams with five titles each. The two sides have met each other at the final of the IPL four times, with Mumbai winning thrice and Chennai winning once.
Royal Challengers Bangalore rivalry
The rivalry between the Super Kings and Royal Challengers Bangalore is called the "Southern derby" or "Kaveri derby" (from the Kaveri River and the water dispute between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu). The Super Kings beat the Royal Challengers in the only meeting between the two teams in an IPL final in 2011.
Ownership and finances
When the IPL was launched in 2008, the Chennai franchise was sold to the India Cements for $91 million, making it the fourth most expensive team in the league. N. Srinivasan, who was then the treasurer and vice-chairman of the BCCI, became the de facto owner of the Super Kings as the managing director of India Cements. In September 2008, former BCCI President A. C. Muthiah wrote to then BCCI President citing the BCCI regulations, which prevented any administrator from holding commercial interests in the matches conducted by the board. Subsequently, the regulations were amended by the BCCI to exclude the IPL and a case was filed against the same in the Madras High Court. In 2013, he Muthiah moved to the Supreme Court to stop Srinivasan from taking over as the President of BCCI, which was rejected and Srinivasan was elected as the President of BCCI. In a subsequent decision announced on 22 January 2015, the Supreme Court stuck down the 2008 amendment to the BCCI constitution that allowed board officials to have a commercial interest in the IPL. As a result, the Super Kings franchise was transferred to a separate entity named Chennai Super Kings Cricket Limited.
As of 2021, about 30% of the franchise is owned by the trustees and shareholders of India Cements. The Super Kings recorded revenues of with a net profit of for FY 2018-19. In the FY 2020-21, the revenue dropped to with a net profit of . The franchise generates revenues from broadcasting deals, match day tickets, in-stadium advertising and merchandise sales. Majority of the revenue comes from broadcasting rights which contributes about 60% of the total revenue, followed by around 20% from sponsorship deals and about 10-15% from ticket sales.
Players
Current squad
Captains
Dhoni led the team from 2008 to 2023 and is one of the most successful captains in the IPL, having led the Super Kings to ten finals of which the team has won five. In 2022, Jadeja was appointed as the captain succeeding Dhoni but handed the captaincy back to Dhoni after a poor start to the IPL season. Gaikwad was appointed as the captain before the start of the 2024 IPL season.
Last updated: 5 May 2024; Source: ESPNcricinfo
Administration and support staff
Statistics
By season
Indian Premier League
Source: IPLT20 website
Champions League Twenty20
Source: ESPNcricinfo
By opposition
Matches include records from both the IPL and CLT20.
Last updated: 18 May 2024
In popular culture
In 2019, a documentary web series titled Roar of the Lion aired on Disney+ Hotstar which dealt with the ban of the Super Kings franchise from the IPL in 2016 and its return to win the title in 2018.
See also
List of Chennai Super Kings cricketers
List of Chennai Super Kings records
Joburg Super Kings
Texas Super Kings
Notes
References
External links
Team profile at iplt20.com
2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Chennai Super Kings Cricket
Chennai Super Kings
Cricket clubs established in 2008
Cricket in Chennai
Indian Premier League teams
Sports clubs and teams in India
Sport in Chennai |
15829945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879%E2%80%9380%20FA%20Cup | 1879–80 FA Cup | The 1879–80 Football Association Challenge Cup was the ninth staging of the FA Cup, England's oldest football tournament. Fifty-four teams entered, eleven more than the previous season, although five of the fifty-four never played a match.
First round
Replays
Second round
Replays
Third round
Fourth round
Notes
Fifth round
Replay
Semi-finals
Final
References
External links
FA Cup Results Archive
1879-80
1879–80 in English football
FA Cup |
15829951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascaras%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Mascaras, Hautes-Pyrénées | Mascaras is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazerolles%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Mazerolles, Hautes-Pyrénées | Mazerolles (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83ieru%C8%99%20%28river%29 | Măieruș (river) | The Măieruș is a left tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It flows into the Olt in the village Măieruș. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Brașov County |
15829982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgaillard%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Montgaillard, Hautes-Pyrénées | Montgaillard (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9gut | Montégut | Montégut or Montegut may refer to the following people and places:
France
Montégut, Gers, a commune in the Gers department
Montégut, Landes, a commune in the Landes department
Montégut, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
USA
Montegut, Louisiana
People
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Émile Montégut (1825 - 1895), a French critic
Joseph Edgard Montegut, a mayor of New Orleans (Louisiana, U.S.) during the 1840s |
15830017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee%20derby | Dundee derby | The Dundee derby is a football match between Dundee and Dundee United. The clubs are based yards apart in the city of Dundee, the fourth-largest city in Scotland.
History
Dundee is the older of the two, having been founded in 1893, compared to Dundee United which was founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian following the demise of Dundee Harp, a club founded by Irish immigrants in 1879. While United's origins stem from Irish immigration, the rivalry is not sectarian in the manner of the Old Firm.
Dundee had long been the more successful club, playing more seasons in the top flight than their rivals and winning one League title, one Scottish Cup and three League Cups before United lifted a major trophy. However, from the 1970s under Jim McLean the tide turned in the city's footballing rivalry. United would go on to be a major force in Scottish football in the 1980s, winning their first three major honours at Dens Park including a League Cup win against Dundee in 1980; the 1983 league title was also won there. Their rivalry with Aberdeen, who also lifted several trophies during the period, was entitled the New Firm. In 1994 United won their first Scottish Cup, and their second in 2010, in doing so drawing level with Dundee on five major trophies won.
The two grounds are the closest League grounds in Britain and with it a unique rivalry has developed, though one often deemed more amicable than most, similar to the Merseyside derby, Derby della Madonnina in Milan, and the Derby della Lanterna of Genoa with many families split down the middle in support.
The two clubs even had a combined hooligan 'firm', known as the Dundee Utility, which was formed to stand up to the larger firms of the Glasgow and Edinburgh clubs. They were also known as Scotlands fastest form on account of all the running away they did.
Statistics
Domestic head-to-head
In domestic head-to-head matches, United are quite far in front; the teams have played each other 172 times, Dundee United winning 81 compared to Dundee's 49. A total of 42 matches have ended in a stalemate. Dundee United have won more league, Scottish Cup and League Cup matches.
League competition
Dundee have competed in more seasons of top flight football with 99 in total to United's 62, but United have maintained a slightly better points-per-game average in the top tier. Both clubs have won the Scottish league championship once, Dundee in 1962 and United in 1983. The clubs also sometimes meet in league games outside the top tier, as in 1995–96 and 2019–20.
Since the introduction of the split in the 2000–01 Scottish Premier League where only 3 matchups are guaranteed prior to the split, Dundee United have been handed two guaranteed home derbies 8 times out of the 10 seasons which both teams have played together in the top league, with Dundee only getting two guaranteed home derbies in 2000–01 and 2014–15.
All-time top flight table (1890/91-present – 128th Season)
As of 27 June 2024:
Scottish Premiership Table (2013/14–present – 11th Season)
As of 27 June 2024:
SPL Table (1998/99-2012/13 – 15 Seasons)
Premier Division Table (1975/76-1997/98 – 23 Seasons)
Division One table (1890/91-1974/75 – 78 Seasons)
Cup competition
Scottish Cup (1873/74-present – 137th Season)
In the Scottish Cup, Dundee have competed in 108 tournaments, reaching 5 cup finals. They were cup winners in 1910 as well as runners-up in 1925, 1952, 1964 and 2003. Dundee United have competed in 88 tournaments, reaching 10 cup finals. They were cup winners in 1994 and 2010 as well as runners up in 1974, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1991 (being unable to secure that trophy in six finals under otherwise successful boss Jim McLean), 2005 and 2014.
As of 8 March 2024:
League Cup (1946/47-present – 78th Season)
In the League Cup, Dundee have been the winners on three occasions, in 1951–52, 1952–53 and 1973–74, they were also runners-up in 1967–68, 1980–81 and 1995–96. Dundee United meanwhile have won it twice, in 1979–80 and 1980–81, and were runners-up in 1981–82, 1984–85, 1997–98, 2007–08, and 2014–15 (losing to either Rangers or Celtic on every occasion).
As of 8 March 2024:
European competition
In European competition, Dundee United have played in more tournaments and in more games, competing in 27 tournaments to Dundee's 7, and playing in 80 more matches. Neither side has won a trophy, although United were runners-up in the 1986–87 UEFA Cup; both sides have reached the semi-finals of the European Cup once (Dundee in 1962–63, United in 1983–84), while Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the 1967–68 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. Conversely, United hold the joint-record for worst result by a Scottish side, suffering a 7–0 defeat to Dutch side AZ Alkmaar on 11 August 2022.
As of 11 August 2022:
Trophy cabinet comparison
Both clubs have won 5 major Scottish football trophies.
Team records
The following are records just for the Dundee derby itself:
The longest unbeaten run in all matches is 13, held by United, this was between December 1979 and September 1983, 11 of these were Wins.
The longest unbeaten run in home matches is held by Dundee when United failed to beat them for 14 games between November 1925 and August 1962.
The longest unbeaten run in away matches is held by United with a 12 match run at Dens Park between April 1963 and April 1971 which included 8 victories.
The longest unbroken winning run in all matches belongs to United with 7 between March 1988 and April 1989.
The longest unbroken winning run at home belongs to United with 6 between September 1974 and September 1981.
The longest unbroken winning run away from home belongs to United who scored 8 consecutive victories at Dens Park between December 1980 and November 1984.
The record home victory in a league match is 5–0 recorded by Dundee at Dens Park in August 1926
The record away victory in a league match is 5–0 recorded by United at Dens Park in September 1965.
The highest scoring match was in September 1971 when Dundee won 6–4 at Dens Park.
Paul Sturrock of United holds the mark for the most derby goals with 14, 2 of these came in United's 3–0 League Cup Final win over Dundee at Dens Park in December 1980.
Record Attendance:
29,106 at Dens Park, 14 May 1983 (Premier Division)
21,325 at Tannadice, 3 January 1966 (old Division One)
Lowest Attendance:
9,185 at Tannadice, 12 December 1999 (SPL)
7,645 at Dens Park, 29 January 1994 (Premier Division)
Players at both clubs
16 players have signed for Dundee United directly from Dundee, with 10 making the opposite journey from Tannadice to Dens Park. Only players who have played at least one first team game for both clubs are currently included.
Dundee to Dundee United
Dundee United to Dundee
Complete list
In addition, other players have played for both clubs without moving directly between them. A list of all players to have played at least one first-team game for both clubs is displayed below.
Scott Allan
Stuart Beedie
Kenny Cameron
Aaron Conway
Craig Curran
Jimmy Dickson
Paul Dixon
Billy Dodds
Neil Duffy
Iain Ferguson
Mark Fotheringham
Declan Gallagher
Jock Gilmour
Alan Gordon
James Grady
Jim Hamilton
John Holt
Kevin Holt
Mark Kerr
Billy Kirkwood
Jim Lauchlan
George Mackay
Duncan MacLeod
Lee Mair
Collie Martin
Roy McBain
Tommy McDermott
Kevin McDonald
Jim McInally
Stewart McKimmie
Andy McLaren
Gordon McLeod
Paul McMullan
John McQuillan
James Angus Munro
Simon Murray
Stephen O'Donnell
Kinnaird Ouchterlonie
Iain Phillip
Ian Redford
Steven Robb
Scott Robertson
Bobby Robinson
Jock Ross
Craig Samson
Ian Scott
Rab Shannon
Harry Smith
Kevin Smith
Alex Stuart
Billy Thomson
Lewis Toshney
Gordon Wallace
Lee Wilkie
Billy Williamson
Unknown
Tim Dailly
Thomas Flood
Fred Stoessel
Beto Naveda
Ryan McGowan
Bert Dainty
Albert Juliussen
Tommy Coyne
David Worrell
Trevor Carson
Danny Griffin
Osman Sow
Jack Court
Dragutin Ristić
Goal scorer records
Full game list
Fixtures from 1925 to the present day featuring League games, Scottish Cup and League Cup matches. Friendlies, testimonials and other non-competitive games are not included.
Dundee wins are coloured in blue, United wins in tangerine and draws are grey. Note that United played in white until 1969 but tangerine is used throughout for ease.
References
Football derbies in Scotland
Dundee F.C.
Dundee United F.C.
Football in Dundee
Recurring sporting events established in 1925 |
15830033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9gut%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Montégut, Hautes-Pyrénées | Montégut (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Geography
Climate
Montégut has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Montégut is . The average annual rainfall is with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Montégut was on 26 August 2010; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 8 February 2012.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20federal%20hunting%20reserves%20in%20Switzerland | List of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland | This is a list of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland.
Reserves
See also
Nature parks in Switzerland
References
External links
EUNIS: Switzerland - Federal Hunting Reserves (CH10), Common Database on Designated Areas (CDDA)
Schutzgebiete: Eidgenössische Jagdbanngebiete
Hunting reserves
Hunting reserves
Switzerland
IUCN Category IV
Federal hunting reserves in Switzerland |
15830047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9chac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Préchac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Préchac (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9 | Péré | Péré may refer to:
Péré, Charente-Maritime, a commune in the Charente-Maritime department
Péré, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
See also
Pere (disambiguation)
Pérès (plural form) |
15830099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Péré, Hautes-Pyrénées | Péré (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15830111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricaud | Ricaud | Ricaud may refer to:
People
Alejandro Cano Ricaud (born 1963), Mexican politician
James B. Ricaud (1808–1866), American politician from Maryland
Julien Ricaud (born 1985), French footballer
Michèle Ricaud (born 1961), French Olympic swimmer
Places
Ricaud, Aude, a commune in the Aude department, France
Ricaud, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, France |