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15828660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unstrung%20Heroes | Unstrung Heroes | Unstrung Heroes is a 1995 American comedy-drama film directed by Diane Keaton and starring Andie MacDowell, John Turturro, Michael Richards, and Maury Chaykin. The screenplay by Richard LaGravenese is based on the memoir of the same name by journalist Franz Lidz.
Plot
When young Steven's mother Selma is diagnosed with ovarian cancer and becomes increasingly ill, his eccentric and emotionally distant inventor father Sid — despite deep reservations — allows him to live with his dysfunctional uncles, pack rat Arthur and delusional paranoid Danny, in their cluttered apartment in the rundown King Edward Hotel. The two, who live in a setting worthy of the Collyer brothers, rechristen the boy with the more colorful name Franz and help him cope with his emotions by teaching him to value his own uniqueness. Learning from the odd pair that even though hope and science may fail, but art always survives, Franz secretly begins to create a memorial to his mother before she dies, filling a box with personal mementos — a tube of lipstick, an empty Chanel bottle, a cigarette lighter, and the like.
Cast
Production
The film shifted the original story's setting of New York City to Southern California, and the four uncles from the memoir were condensed into two.
Keaton's previous directing credits were the 1987 documentary Heaven and the 1991 television movie Wildflower.
The film debuted at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival in May. Prior to its release, it was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival and the Boston Film Festival, both held in September 1995.
During its widest release in the US, the film played at only 576 theaters. It grossed $7,929,000.
Release
The film performed well at the box office.
Reception
The film earned positive reviews from critics.
In a New York profile that ran before the film's release, Franz Lidz confessed, "My initial fear was that Disney would turn my uncles into Grumpy and Dopey. I never imagined that my life could be turned into Old Yeller." Later, in an essay for the New York Times, he cracked that the cinematic Selma had died not of cancer, but of Old Movie Disease: "The way Disney killed off my mother -- after fixing pancakes, she praises her kids, plants a perversely passionate kiss on her husband's lips and, to soulful strains of You Are My Sunshine, drifts off to die in a comfy armchair -- reminded me of Mad magazine's send-up of Love Story." He added, "Someday somebody may find a cure for cancer, but the terminal sappiness of cancer movies is probably beyond remedy."
Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "A coming-of-age piece that is slight to the point of anemia, "Unstrung Heroes" sports a willful eccentricity that almost immediately becomes annoying. Diane Keaton's debut dramatic feature aims for a distinctively offbeat tone that never really gels and the movie's emotional power, stemming from personal growth through family tragedy, falls short of the goal as well."
In her review in The New York Times, Janet Maslin called Unstrung Heroes "a warm, surprising, gently incandescent film . . . [that] becomes a celebration of quirky independence and the sustaining powers of art and memory . . . [it] also succeeds in becoming very moving without being maudlin . . . [the] screenplay runs the risk of being generically uplifting, even bland; instead, it has a sharply distinctive flavor, honest pathos and a hint of delightful household magic. Thomas Newman's sparkling musical score echoes that buoyant tone."
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that the film "has been directed by Diane Keaton with an unusual combination of sentiment and quirky eccentricity. There are moments so touching that the heart almost stops."
In the San Francisco Chronicle, Edward Guthmann called the film "a picture that bears comparison to To Kill a Mockingbird . . . [it] is that rare mainstream film that doesn't shout in our ear to make its points. It draws us in, subtly and gracefully, and casts a lingering charm."
Rita Kempley of The Washington Post described the film as "a sensitive coming-of-age story in the sublime tradition of My Life as a Dog."
In Rolling Stone, Peter Travers opined, "Steven Lidz, a 12-year-old growing up in New York during the '60s with a dying mother and a distracted father, turns to his loony but life-affirming uncles. Sugar shock? Wait. Jump ahead to 1991. Steven, now Franz Lidz and a writer for Sports Illustrated, wins acclaim for a childhood memoir that doesn't choke on whimsy or schmaltz. Wait again. The film version, directed by Diane Keaton from a script by Richard LaGravenese (The Bridges of Madison County), isn't above a little tear-jerking. There's also the matters of reducing Steven's four unstrung uncles to two, Danny (Michael Richards) and Arthur (Maury Chaykin); casting Andie MacDowell as Selma, Steven's Jewish mother; and shooting this Lower East Side story in Pasadena, Calif. Guess what? The movie works like a charm."
Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B+" on scale of A+ to F.
Accolades
Thomas Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score as well as the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television. Michael Richards was nominated for the American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture.
References
External links
1995 films
1990s coming-of-age comedy-drama films
American coming-of-age comedy-drama films
Films set in California
Films directed by Diane Keaton
Films with screenplays by Richard LaGravenese
Hollywood Pictures films
Films scored by Thomas Newman
Films about Jews and Judaism
Films about cancer in the United States
1995 comedy-drama films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
English-language comedy-drama films |
15828678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Philbert-sur-Orne | Saint-Philbert-sur-Orne | Saint-Philbert-sur-Orne (, literally Saint-Philbert on Orne) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Vallée, Le Val, Le Haut Perron and Saint-Philbert-sur-Orne.
The commune has 3 watercourses running through it, with 2 rivers the Orne plus one of its tributaries the Rouvre. The other watercourse is a stream called the Val Corbel Stream.
Places of interest
Rock of Oëtre is one of the most prestigious lookouts in the west of France.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintphilbertsurorne |
15828679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AAnedouit | Chênedouit | Chênedouit () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Putanges-le-Lac.
The former commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimroth%20rearrangement | Dimroth rearrangement | The Dimroth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction taking place with certain 1,2,3-triazoles where endocyclic and exocyclic nitrogen atoms switch place. This organic reaction was discovered in 1909 by Otto Dimroth.
With R a phenyl group the reaction takes place in boiling pyridine for 24 hours.
This type of triazole has an amino group in the 5 position. After ring-opening to a diazo intermediate, C-C bond rotation is possible with 1,3-migration of a proton.
Certain 1-alkyl-2-iminopyrimidines also display this type of rearrangement.
In the first step is an addition reaction of water followed by ring-opening of the hemiaminal to the aminoaldehyde followed by ring closure.
A known drug example of the Dimroth rearrangement includes in the synthesis of Bemitradine [88133-11-3].
References
Rearrangement reactions
Name reactions |
15828684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-du-Regard | Saint-Pierre-du-Regard | Saint-Pierre-du-Regard () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Le Grand Samoi, Le Haut Village, La Bristière, Le Vaugroult, La Remaisière, La Pivotière, La Houssaye, L'Être, La Petite Suisse and Saint-Pierre-du-Regard.
The commune has 2 rivers running through it the river Vere and Noireau.
People linked with the commune
Raymond Martin (born 1949), a French former road bicycle racer was born here. In the 1980 Tour de France he finished third overall and won the mountains classification.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintpierreduregard |
15828685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-des-Loges | Saint-Pierre-des-Loges | Saint-Pierre-des-Loges () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The Commune is one of 30 communes that make up the Natura 2000 protected area of Bocages et vergers du sud Pays d'Auge.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintpierredesloges |
15828688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-la-Bruy%C3%A8re | Saint-Pierre-la-Bruyère | Saint-Pierre-la-Bruyère () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintpierrelabruyere |
15828689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-la-Rivi%C3%A8re | Saint-Pierre-la-Rivière | Saint-Pierre-la-Rivière () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Gouffern en Auge.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintpierrelariviere |
15828691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Roch-sur-%C3%89grenne | Saint-Roch-sur-Égrenne | Saint-Roch-sur-Égrenne () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Points of interest
National heritage sites
Manoir de Loraille is a sixteenth century Manor house, it was registered as a Monument historique in 1975.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintrochsuregrenne
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-de-Carrouges | Saint-Sauveur-de-Carrouges | Saint-Sauveur-de-Carrouges (, literally Saint-Saviour of Carrouges) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. As of 2019, the commune had a total population of 252 residents.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, L'Être És Pont, Le Fay, Gros Fay, La Druitière, Les Noës, Le Bois Bonnevent, L'Être Logeard, L'Être Mathieu, La Noé, Les Érables and Saint-Sauveur-de-Carrouges.
It is in size. The highest point in the commune is .
The commune is within the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park and Forêt d'Écouves.
Saint-Sauveur-de-Carrouges along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The commune has five streams flowing through it, Grand Pied, Moulin de Besnard, Coupigny, Landelles and the Gue de la Heze.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Saintsauveurdecarrouges |
15828694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle | Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle | Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle (, literally Saint-Sulpice on Risle) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Points of Interest
National heritage sites
The Commune has four buildings and areas listed as a Monument historique
Fontenil Estate an estate with buildings from the fifteenth century, and main chateau dating from the sixteenth century, all listed as a monument in 1989.
Dolmen du Jarrier is a Neolithic dolmen that was classed as a Monument historique in 1976.
Church of Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle is a thirteenth century church that was classed as a Monument historique in 1988.
Bohin factory is a nineteenth century factory, that was classed as a Monument historique in 1988. The factory is still active and is the last factory in France still producing pins and needles for sewing. The Factory has a museum and is open itself for tours by the public.
Transport
Aérodrome de L'Aigle - Saint-Michel is an Aerodrome within the commune that was opened in 1955. It's ICAO airport code is LFOL. It has a hard runway of 763 x 20 metres.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintsulpicesurrisle
Dolmens in France
Monuments historiques of Orne
Museums in Orne |
15828695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Fitzherbert | Nicholas Fitzherbert | Nicholas Fitzherbert (1550 – 6 November 1612) was an English recusant gentleman who served as secretary to Cardinal William Allen and was found guilty of treason due to his Catholicism. He was the second son of John Fitzherbert of Padley, Derbyshire. Fitzherbert was the grandson of the judge Sir Anthony Fitzherbert (1470–1538), and first cousin to the Jesuit Thomas Fitzherbert. Whilst he was abroad, two priests were arrested at his father's house; they are now saints after becoming martyrs to their faith. Fitzherbert's lands were forfeit, and he was obliged to spend his life abroad. He was buried in Florence.
Biography
Fitzherbert matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, where his name appears in the matriculation register as a senior undergraduate member of the college in 1571 and 1572. However he would not have been able to obtain a degree because of his religion, and therefore like many he went abroad in order that he might practice his Catholic religion.
He finally matriculated in the University of Douai before studying law at Bologna in 1580. During his absence from England he was found guilty of treason on 1 January 1580, on account of his zeal for the Catholic cause, and especially for his activity in raising funds for the English College at Rheims.
Fitzherbert settled in Rome, and received from Pope Gregory XIII an allowance of ten golden scudi a month. In 1587, Dr William Allen (who had founded the English College, Douai, in 1568) became a cardinal, and Fitzherbert became his secretary and continued to reside in his household till the cardinal's death in 1594.
In 1595, Gilotti of Rome published Fitzherbert's translation into 'Anglo-Latin' of the poet Giovanni della Casa's Italian language treatise on manners, Il Galateo (1558).
Fitzherbert strenuously opposed the policy adopted by Robert Parsons, SJ, in reference to English Catholic affairs. An instance of this is recorded in the diary of Roger Baynes, a former secretary to Cardinal Allen:
Father Parsons returned from Naples to Rome, 5 October 1598. All the English in Rome came to the College to hear his reasons against Mr. Nicholas Fitzherbert.
During his absence, his manor and hall at Padley had been seized in 1589 following the arrest of two priests who had been caught by chance when the manor was searched for Fitzherbert's father, John. The two priests would be held at Derby Gaol before being hanged drawn and quartered for treasonous activities. By February 1603–4, James I had made a grant to Henry Butler and two others, and their heirs, to make use of the Fitzherbert properties at Padley.
Padley Hall eventually fell into ruin, but part of the remains were restored into a chapel (pictured).
Honours
Fitzherbert was never induced to take holy orders. When a proposal was made in 1607 to send a bishop to England, Fitzherbert was mentioned by Father Augustine, Prior of the English monks at Douay, as a worthy of becoming a bishop, but he considered himself unworthy of even the lowest ecclesiastical orders.
On Cardinal Allen's death, recommendations were made to Philip II of Spain to note who should receive any of the King's generosity. The note records that:
Nicholas Fierberti, copyist and servant from the beginning of the cardinaliate. A gentleman of very noble birth whose relatives have suffered much for their Catholic faith ... His father died in imprisonment of 26 years for the faith, and his uncle also left this life in prison for the same cause, after having been incarcerated for 32 years continuously.
Fitzherbert accidentally drowned while attempting to cross a brook, a few miles south of Florence, on 6 November 1612 on his way to Rome. He was buried in the Benedictine abbey of the Badia at Florence.
Publications
Della Casa, Giovanni, Ioannis Casae Galathaeus, sive de Moribus, Liber Italicus. A Nicolao Fierberto Anglo-Latine expressus, Rome, Gilotti, 1595, 8vo. Dedicated to Didacus de Campo, chamberlain to Clement VIII. Reprinted in Padua, 1728, 8vo.
Oxoniensis in Anglia Academiae Descriptio, Rome, 1602, 8vo, dedicated to Bernardinus Paulinus, datary to Clement VIII. Reprinted by Thomas Hearne in vol. ix. of Leland's Itinerary, 1712.
De Antiquitate et continuatione religionis in Anglia et de Alani Cardinalis vita libellus Rome, 1608 and 1638, 8vo, dedicated to Pope Paul V. The biography was reprinted at Antwerp, 1621, 8vo, and in Thomas Francis Knox, Letters and Memorials of Cardinal Allen, (London) 1882, pp. 3–20.
References
1550 births
1612 deaths
Recusants
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
English College, Douai alumni
People from Derbyshire Dales (district)
16th-century English people
17th-century English people
17th-century Roman Catholics
16th-century Roman Catholics
Deaths by drowning in Italy |
15828696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Symphorien-des-Bruy%C3%A8res | Saint-Symphorien-des-Bruyères | Saint-Symphorien-des-Bruyères () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Points of interest
National heritage sites
Église Saint-Symphorien de Saint-Symphorien-des-Bruyères a fifteenth century church, it was registered as a Monument historique in 1926.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintsymphoriendesbruyeres
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Victor-de-R%C3%A9no | Saint-Victor-de-Réno | Saint-Victor-de-Réno () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Longny les Villages.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saintvictordereno |
15828698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saires-la-Verrerie | Saires-la-Verrerie | Saires-la-Verrerie () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Varennes, Maison Oger and Saires-la-Verrerie.
It is in size. The highest point in the commune is .
Twin towns – sister cities
Saires-la-Verrerie is twinned with:
Wehretal, Germany
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Saireslaverrerie |
15828699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ig%C3%A9%2C%20Orne | Igé, Orne | Igé () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
Igé along with the communes of Vaunoise, Saint-Martin-du-Vieux-Bellême, Belforêt-en-Perche and Appenai-sous-Bellême is part of the Bois et coteaux calcaires sous Belleme a Natura 2000 conservation site. The site measures 105 hectares and is home to the European stag beetle and European ash.
Population
Points of interest
Coteau de la Butte-des-Rocs is a 6.62 hectare site is a protected area created in 2012 as part of the Natura 2000 site Bois et coteaux calcaires sous Belleme. The site is home to the southern damselfly, Sand lizard, white horehound and the King trumpet mushroom.
National heritage sites
The Commune has four buildings and areas listed as a Monument historique.
Domaine de Lonné seventeenth century chateau and estate that was registered as a monument in 2000.
Church of Marcilly a twelfth century church, registered as a Monument historique in 1971.
Bray Manor a seventeenth century Manor house, registered as a Monument historique in 1977.
Garenne-de-la-Motte remains of a Motte from the Middle Ages, registered as a Monument historique in 1975.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne
Monuments historiques of Orne
Natura 2000 in France |
15828701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irai%2C%20Orne | Irai, Orne | Irai () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Notable people
Chrétien-Siméon Le Prévost d'Iray - (1768 – 1849) a writer of comedies and vaudevilles, born, died and was buried here.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne |
15828702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jou%C3%A9-du-Bois | Joué-du-Bois | Joué-du-Bois () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Raitière, Le Hamel, La Retourdière, La Brousse, Le Theil, La Vallée, La Fontenelle and Joué-du-Bois.
It is in size. The highest point in the commune is .
The commune is within the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park.
Joué-du-Bois along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The commune has one river, The Gourbe flowing through it, plus two streams, The Noes Morins and the Bois Tesselin.
Notable buildings and places
National heritage sites
The Commune has four buildings and areas listed as a Monument historique.
Joué-du-Bois Manor is a 15th century Manor house, declared as a monument in 1991.
la Grandière Dolmen is a Neolithic Dolmen, registered as a monument in 1889.
The Wolf Stone Dolmen is a Neolithic Dolmen, registered as a monument in 1889.
The Outres Menhir is a Neolithic Menhir, registered as a monument in 1889.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Communes of Orne
Dolmens in France
Megalithic monuments in France
Stone Age sites in France
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jou%C3%A9-du-Plain | Joué-du-Plain | Joué-du-Plain () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. The commune was mentioned in 1216 by the name of "Jeum". There are 248 people living there. The community festival is 29 June.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Le Ménil Martel,La Rivière, Chantelou, Le Haut Ménil, La Folletière and Joué-du-Plain.
It is in size. The highest point in the commune is .
Joué-du-Plain along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The River Udon plus two streams the Gosu and the Poncey traverse through the commune.
Important places
The church in the commune is dedicated to Saints Gervais and Portais. The architectural elements are pointed arches, a Norman tower and Roman arches. The church was rebuilt in the Renaissance. Inside the church are sculptures of St. Gervais and Saint Portais made in the 18th century. Also, there is an 18th-century sculpture of Saint Michael made in stone and painted. There are also sculpted wooden stalls, a statue of the Virgin Mary and a baptismal font made in the 18th century. The cemetery around the church has two 16th century entrances.
Another important place in the commune is Chateau de la Motte. The chateau is a 19th-century building.
Legends
Joué-du-Plain has a legend that the lord of Chantelou killed his wife and her lover. The lord painted the front of his chateau with their blood. The farm called Baritaur is the former place of the lord called "Red House of Chante-lou"
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Château de la Motte, Joué du Plain
References
Joueduplain |
15828705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Aspera%20Ad%20Astra%20%28film%29 | Per Aspera Ad Astra (film) | Per Aspera Ad Astra (, USA screen name - Through the Thorns to the Stars; Humanoid Woman) is a 1981 Soviet science fiction film directed by Richard Viktorov and based on a novel by Kir Bulychov.
Plot
In the 23rd century, the starship Pushkin discovers a derelict alien spaceship of unknown origin. The alien craft's crew are identical humanoids created by an advanced cloning process. Most are dead, but one woman is found in a catatonic state. The leader of the mission, scientist Sergei Lebedev, brings her to Earth. He settles her in his house and names her Neeya.
Neeya suffers from memory loss and cannot recall anything of her past. As she adapts to life on Earth, she discovers she has a variety of telekinetic powers. A friend of Lebedev, Prof. Ivanova, begins studying Neeya's neurophysiology and finds a special neurocenter in her brain that can be triggered remotely. Neeya is visiting the beach with Lebedev's son Stepan when Ivanova triggers the system. Neeya loses control of her body and falls into the water. The device also triggers a clear memory of her home planet, where she sees a man explain the purpose of the control system, giving him control over the clones. The flashback ends when Stepan pulls her from the water.
Neeya joins an archaeological expedition, where she has another flashback that reveals she is from the planet Dessa. She returns from the expedition to find that a diplomatic mission from Dessa has just arrived at the spaceport to ask for help from Earth. She learns they will return to Dessa on the Astra, and stows away on the ship. By chance, both Stepan and Prof. Ivanova are also aboard.
The Astra encounters Neeya's ship, identified by the Deesan diplomats as the Gaya. A transmitter for the neuro-command system has been left on, forcing Neeya to teleport aboard without a spacesuit. She manages to disable the signal before passing out, and is rescued by Stepan. One of the diplomats, Rakan, explains that the Gaya was the last ship to leave Dessa. Aboard was Professor Glan, who was building an army of clones and awaiting a signal from rebel forces on the planet that the time was right to return and take over.
The Astra reaches Dessa to find a planet that has been stripped of all minerals, leaving the air and water poisoned. Life on the surface is only possible due to Turanchoks, who runs a gas mask factory out of Glan's former Institute. Turanchoks is unhappy with the presence of the Earth ship, which has the power to clean up the mess and put him out of business. After the humans successfully test a way to clean the air, he poisons the only remaining water supply and blames it on them, inciting a riot. Due to Neeya's intervention, the plan is not wholly successful.
Turanchoks activates one of Glan's control devices and uses it to force Neeya to place a bomb on the Astra. Rakan attempts to stop him, but is stabbed by one of Turanchoks' agents. Near death, Rakan crawls off and releases Glan's last and most deadly experiment, a blob-like mass which begins killing everyone in the lab, including Turanchoks. Outside, Ivanova attempts to take the bomb from Neeya, but is shot by Turanchoks' agent. The shock of her death breaks the control's effect on Neeya. Neeya's powers, aided by the remaining crew of the Astra and the ship's robot, defeat the monster. The Astra leaves for home, leaving Neeya behind on a mended planet.
Variant cuts
A heavily-edited English-dubbed version, and entitled Humanoid Woman was featured on an 11th episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000. This version had nearly an hour of footage removed.
On December 27, 2001, a new restoration directed by Nikolai Viktorov, son of the original film's director, was released as the 20th anniversary edition. The release featured revised special effects by the Paradox company and an all-new soundtrack in Dolby Digital. This incarnation was cut by 25 minutes in order to speed up plot dynamics and to excise Soviet ideological context.
Cast
Yelena Metyolkina as Neeya
Uldis Lieldidz as Sergei Lebedev
Vadim Ledogorov as Cadet Stepan Lebedev
Yelena Fadeyeva as Maria Pavlovna
Vatslav Dvorzhetsky as Petr Petrovich
Nadezhda Semyontsova as Professor Nadezhda Ivanova
Aleksandr Lazarev as Professor Klimov
Aleksandr Mikhajlov as Dreier
Boris Shcherbakov as Navigator Kolotin
Igor Ledogorov as Ambassador Rakan
Igor Yasulovich as Torki
Gleb Strizhenov as Glan
Vladimir Fyodorov as Turanchoks
Yevgeni Karelskikh
Dubbing
Notes
References
External links
1981 films
1981 in the Soviet Union
2001 films
Films based on works by Kir Bulychov
Films set in the 23rd century
Space adventure films
Films about cloning
Soviet science fiction films
1981 science fiction films
1980s Soviet films
1980s Russian-language films
Films shot in Tajikistan
Films about amnesia
Films set on fictional planets
Films scored by Alexey Rybnikov |
15828706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvigny-sous-Andaine | Juvigny-sous-Andaine | Juvigny-sous-Andaine is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Juvigny Val d'Andaine.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Juvignysousandaine |
15828707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvigny-sur-Orne | Juvigny-sur-Orne | Juvigny-sur-Orne (, literally Juvigny on Orne) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Le Port d'Aunou and Juvigny-sur-Orne.
Juvigny-sur-Orne along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The Orne river flows through the commune.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Juvignysurorne |
15828708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalacelle | Lalacelle | Lalacelle () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The source of the Mayenne (river) is located in this commune.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Communes of Orne |
15828712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laleu%2C%20Orne | Laleu, Orne | Laleu () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune along with another 32 communes is part of a 3,503 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de la Sarthe.
Population
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park
References
Communes of Orne |
15828714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urou-et-Crennes | Urou-et-Crennes | Urou-et-Crennes () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Gouffern en Auge.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Urouetcrennes |
15828716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magny-le-D%C3%A9sert | Magny-le-Désert | Magny-le-Désert () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Teinture, Le Bois Gervais, Gourbon, La Basse Retaudière, La Roulerie, La Houssaye, Lannerie, La Perdrière and Magny-le-Désert.
It is in size. The highest point in the commune is .
The commune is within the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park.
The commune has two watercourse flowing through it, The river Gourbe and the Bois Tesselin stream.
Notable buildings and places
National heritage sites
Notre-Dame Church 13th century church, that was registered as a Monument historique in 1927.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Magnyledesert
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrigny%2C%20Orne | Vrigny, Orne | Vrigny () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. In 2015 it became part of Boischampré.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk%20%28magazine%29 | Sidewalk (magazine) | Sidewalk is an English language magazine that features skateboarding culture and is published by Factory Media.
History
Originally known as "Sidewalk Surfer", the publication later changed its name to the current "Sidewalk" moniker. At the time of its inception, Sidewalk Surfer replaced R.A.D. (Read and Destroy) Magazine as Britain's only skateboarding magazine.
Founded in 1995, Sidewalk Surfer began publishing under Jim Peskett, owner of Permanent Publishing with Ben Powell at the helm as editor. Initially, the publishing and editorial team were all based in Oxford, England, where they worked alongside the editorial teams of sister titles Whitelines Snowboard Magazine and The Surfer's Path. The first issue was published in September/October 1995. It featured a young Tom Penny on the cover.
Andy Horsley, Chris Forder, Jon Robson and with Wig Worland as photo editor and chief photographer was the line up at its inception. Wig remained with Sidewalk until 2004 although he is still currently credited as a staff photographer.
Sidewalk has also featured the photographic work of Bryce Kanights, Richie Hopson, Fred Mortange, Giovanni Reda, Oliver Barton and Andrew Stark. Editorial contributions by professional skateboarders such as Geoff Rowley were also featured.
Sidewalk magazine helped to spawn the careers of characters such is Brian Sumner, Benny Fairfax, Olly Todd, John Rattray, Stuart Graham and more.
The print edition continues to boast a huge market share in the British skateboarding magazine category. Ben Powell (Who contributed to that first issue) now sits as editor and Leo Sharp (who also contributed back then) fills the role of Photo Editor. Kevin Parrott is the assistant editor of Sidewalk.
Early 2005 saw the release of the Globe Shoes "Finale Sidewalk" collaboration shoe.
The magazine moving to Factory Media was part of the merger of three leading specialist sports publishers. Action Sports Media (ASM), Permanent Publishing and 4130 Publishing. Jim Peskett remains as Publisher of the UK board sports arm of Factory.
New media
The website www.sidewalkmag.com and online content is currently headed by Ryan Gray (Web Editor).
Currently there is a huge push with their online position - none more so than with their Mpora site. This is shared between all of the Factory Media magazines and simply described would be the "Action Sports Youtube".
Videos
Sidewalk has to date produced one video.
In Motion (2004) VHS.
Featuring Ben Grove, Franklin Stephens, Paul Silvester, Benny Fairfax.
Appearances by internationals such as Ali Boulala, Pontus Alv and a veritable "who's who" of British skateboarding.
Benny Fairfax's section was used as his introduction to Jason Lee and Chris Pastras which ultimately secured his place on the Stereo Sound Agency.
2011 also saw the release of 'In Progress' featuring; Conhuir Lynn, Harry Lintell, Chris Jones, Tom Harrisson, Nick Remon and more.
References
Boardsport SOURCE article
2011 also saw the release of 'In Progress' featuring; Conhuir Lynn, Harry Lintell, Chris Jones, Tom Harrisson, Nick Remon and more.
External links
Sidewalk homepage
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Sports magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1995
Skateboarding magazines |
15828727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304%20FA%20Cup | 2003–04 FA Cup | The 2003–04 FA Cup was the 123rd staging of England and the world's oldest football competition, the FA Cup. The competition began on 23 August 2003, with the lowest-ranked of the entrants competing in the Extra preliminary round. In the third round, the clubs from the Premiership and Division One competed in the competition for the first time.
The semi-finals were staged at neutral venues and, like the final, would not be replayed in the event of a draw. The competition culminated with the cup final at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff for a fourth year in a row, since Wembley Stadium was still in the rebuilding process. The cup was won by Manchester United for a record 11th time, with a 3–0 victory over Millwall from Division One.
The appearance in the cup final by Millwall, a Level 2 team, marked the first time in 12 years that a team outside Level 1 of the English football pyramid appeared in the final game.
Calendar
First round proper
This round is the first in which Football League teams from Second and Third Division compete with non-league teams. Luton's Adrian Forbes and Sheffield Wednesday's Adam Proudlock netted hat tricks. Shildon AFC, of the Arngrove Northern League (level 9 on the football league pyramid), were the lowest ranked team left in the competition in the first round.
Ties were played over the weekend of 8 November 2003.
Second round proper
Ties were played over the weekend of 6 December 2003. Mansfield's Liam Lawrence showed how interested Championship and premiership clubs were with him by netting a hat trick.
Third round proper
This round marks the first time First Division and Premier League (top-flight) teams play. Matches were played on the weekend of Saturday, 3 January 2004, with replays on 13 January and 14 January.
Fourth round proper
Ties played during the weekend of 24 January 2004, with replays on 3 February and 4 February.
The match between Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City was particularly notable. Tottenham led the match 3–0 at half-time but Manchester City turned the match around in the second half to win 4–3, with Jon Macken scoring the winning goal in the 90th minute. This was despite Manchester City having one less player on the pitch during the second half after Joey Barton was red carded during the half-time interval.
Fifth round proper
Matches played weekend of 14 and 15 February 2004
Three replays played week commencing 22 and 25 February 2004.
Four non-Premiership sides (including a Division Two side) progressed to the quarter-finals.
Sixth round proper
Matches played on the weekend of Saturday, 6 March 2004.
There was one replay between Tranmere and Millwall, played on Tuesday 16 March.
Two Division One sides progressed to the semi-finals, while another was eliminated at this stage. In addition, a Division Two side reached the quarter-finals and were only eliminated after a replay.
Replay
Semi-finals
Matches played on the weekend of Saturday, 3 April 2004.
Two teams from Division 1 featured in the semi-finals (Millwall and Sunderland) who faced each other. The other tie was an all-Premiership affair between Manchester United and Arsenal, held at Villa Park.
Both games were played at neutral venues.
Final
Manchester United won the game and lifted the trophy for the 11th time in their history (a competition record) with a 3–0 victory over a Millwall side who were the first team from outside the top flight to reach the FA Cup final in 12 years.
Media coverage
In the United Kingdom, the BBC were the free to air broadcasters for the third consecutive season while Sky Sports were the subscription broadcasters for the sixteenth consecutive season.
The matches shown live on the BBC were:
Accrington Stanley 1-0 Huddersfield Town (R1)
Burton Albion 0-1 Hartlepool United (R2)
Southampton 0-3 Newcastle United (R3)
Yeovil Town 0-2 Liverpool (R3)
Liverpool 2-1 Newcastle United (R4)
Manchester City 1-1 Tottenham Hotspur (R4)
Sunderland 1-1 Birmingham City (R5)
Arsenal 2-1 Chelsea (R5)
Portsmouth 1-5 Arsenal (QF)
Millwall 0-0 Tranmere Rovers (QF)
Arsenal 0-1 Manchester United (SF)
Manchester United 3-0 Millwall (Final)
The matches shown live on Sky Sports were:
Thurrock 1-1 Luton Town (R1)
Yeovil Town 4-1 Wrexham (R1)
Canvey Island 2-3 Southend United (R1 Replay)
Wycombe Wanderers 1-1 Mansfield Town (R2)
Gravesend & Northfleet 1-2 Notts County (R2)
Accrington Stanley 0-0 AFC Bournemouth (R2 Replay)
Watford 2-2 Chelsea (R3)
Leeds United 1-4 Arsenal (R3)
Leicester City 1-3 Manchester City (R3 Replay)
Scarborough 0-1 Chelsea (R4)
Northampton Town 0-3 Manchester United (R4)
Tottenham Hotspur 3-4 Manchester City (R4 Replay)
Manchester United 4-2 Manchester City (R5)
Liverpool 1-1 Portsmouth (R5)
Portsmouth 1-0 Liverpool (R5 Replay)
Manchester United 2-1 Fulham (QF)
Sunderland 1-0 Sheffield United (QF)
Tranmere Rovers 1-2 Millwall (QF Replay)
Sunderland 0-1 Millwall (SF)
Manchester United 3-0 Millwall (Final)
References
2003-04
2003–04 domestic association football cups
FA |
15828733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward%20Pinkett | Ward Pinkett | William Ward Pinkett, Jr. (April 29, 1906 – March 15, 1937) was an American jazz trumpeter and scat vocalist during the Harlem Renaissance. A respected sideman recognized as a "hot" trumpet and with a versatile ear, he played and recorded with some of the greatest jazzmen of the era, including King Oliver, Jimmy Johnson, Chick Webb and Jelly Roll Morton. His career was cut short by alcoholism.
Early life
Born into a musical family, Pinkett was the eldest of four children born to William Ward Pinckett and Mary Louise nee Carr of Newport News, Virginia. His father, a prosperous tailor and land owner, was an amateur cornet player who formed the Newport News Brass Band around 1900, playing for social clubs and funerals in the area. His mother played piano, often accompanying his father in the home, and his sister, Loretta Gillis (1913-1998), played saxophone in several local jazz bands.
Encouraged by his father, he started learning cornet at an early age and began playing trumpet at ten. He followed his father by enrolling in the Hampton University, where he played in the school band. There he met and received trumpet lessons from Harry R. Cooper, who was attending Hampton's architectural school. Before graduating, Pinkett was recruited by William A. Sykes, music director of the Haven Conservatory of Music of Meridian, Mississippi, to attend the private institute, along with several of his school friends, including trumpeter Harold F. Whittington, who also became a professional jazz musician.
Pinkett did not finish his studies at the academy. He joined Roy F. Johnson's Happy Pals, a well-known jazz orchestra from Richmond, Virginia. From there he went to the White Brothers Orchestra, a similar territory band from Washington, D.C., that played in the area bounded by Pittsburgh, New York, and its home base.
Career
In January 1926, 19-year-old Pinkett joined Charlie Johnson's Original Paradise Band at Smalls Paradise in Harlem, Manhattan. In the summer of 1926 he switched to the 10-piece Willie Gant's Paradise Ramblers, who took over from Johnson as Smalls' house band from May 1926 to 1927. Jazz writer Albert McCarthy reported that Pinkett recorded three sides with Gant's band in the mid-1920s, based on an interview with Harry Cooper conducted by Charles Delaunay. Gant himself reported that he cut some sides during the period he led the Smalls Paradise band, but none of his recordings have been found. In July 1926 Pinkett recorded three songs with a band fronted by Tommy Morris, which are his earliest surviving recordings. Later that year he was with Billy Fowler's Society Orchestra and then James Hogan's band at the Joyland on 4th Ave. and 14th St.
In 1927 he joined banjoist Henri Saparo's Orchestra at the Bamboo Inn on Seventh Avenue and 139th Street. A fire closed the club down in June, and it reopened in the fall. Saparo continued as bandleader with Langston Curl on trumpet, but after Saparo left in early 1928 pianist Joe Steele took over the band and soon replaced Curl with Pinkett. Pinkett soon left and joined Bill Benford's band, which became the house band at the Rose Danceland on 125th street. Jelly Roll Morton came to New York in the spring of 1928 and caught Benford’s band playing at the Rose. Morton took over the band as the newest incarnation of his Red Hot Peppers. Pinkett became Morton's favorite trumpet player, recording with the band both as a member and after he left in late 1928 to play in Chick Webb's Harlem Stompers.
During his career, Pinkett also recorded with James P. Johnson, Bubber Miley, King Oliver, and Clarence Williams. Pinkett's last job was in 1935 performing at Adrian's Taproom in the basement of the Hotel President in Times Square with a group led by Albert Nicholas, along with Bernard Addison, Danny Barker and Joe Watts. Even though his alcoholism had progressed to the point that he was eventually fired for showing up drunk, in October of that year he cut six sides with the group, both as a vocalist and trumpeter, the last recordings he made. Pinkett was fired shortly afterward for showing up drunk.
Personal life
On 16 August 1926, Pinkett took out a license in the city of New York to marry Pencie Bailey, a 15-year-old girl from his hometown of Newport News. On 27 November of that year, Bailey gave birth to a daughter, Doris Louise Pinkett, in Newport News, while living with her mother and siblings. By April 1930 Pinkett was living in New York on West 139th St. in Harlem with another wife, Ora Pinkett, a hostess/dancer at the Savoy Ballroom.
Death
Pinkett was a heavy marijuana user and a chronic alcoholic, which made him unreliable as a band member. Little is known of his whereabouts after he left the Nicholas group. By 1937 he was living in a small, dingy room on the third floor above Reuben’s, a small after-hours bar owned by Reuben Harris on West 130th St. that was frequented by musicians. Danny Barker reported that Pinkett died an alcoholic death, continually drinking during his last days and not able to hold down food. He died there on the afternoon of 15 March 1937, at the age of 30, with lobar pneumonia given as the cause of death. His wife, Ora Pinkett, arranged for the body to be shipped to his family in Virginia, and he is buried in Pleasant Shade Cemetery in Hampton City, Virginia.
Discography
Citations
References
1906 births
1937 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century trumpeters
Alcohol-related deaths in New York City
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Deaths from pneumonia in New York City
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians |
15828739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Milio | Nancy Milio | Nancy Rosalie Milio, Ph.D., FAPHA, FAAN (born 1938), is Professor Emeritus of Nursing and Professor Emeritus of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Milio's career was given its foundation during her high school years in Denby High School, Detroit, Michigan. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree (B.S., Nursing, 1960) and master's degree (M.A., Sociology, 1965) at Wayne State University, Detroit, and her PhD at Yale University (dissertation title: The Career of an Innovative Project: A Study of Inter-organizational Strategies and Decision-Making Among Health Organizations).
She is a leader in public health policy and education, who originated the notion of healthy public policy which addresses the effects of all areas of public policy on health and has been adopted internationally, including by the World Health Organization.
References
Living people
American nursing administrators
Academics from Detroit
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
Wayne State University alumni
Yale University alumni
Denby High School alumni
1938 births |
15828749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick%20Girl%20%282008%20film%29 | Sick Girl (2008 film) | Sick Girl is a 2008 American independent horror film written and directed by Eben McGarr.
Sick Girl marks the return of Stephen Geoffreys to the horror genre after a 17-year absence.
Plot
Izzy is a troubled teenage girl who decides to attack and murder her little brother's bullies utilizing skills taught to her by her older brother Rusty, who is away in the Marines. She both lusts after and idolizes Rusty to the point where she overlooks signs that he is anything but perfect, such as his failure to call his family and reconnect.
After causing a massacre on the school bus, Izzy manages to trap and imprison a couple of the bullies in the trunk of her car, showing no remorse or compassion when one of them begs to be set free. She also kidnaps three additional bullies and goads one of them, Tommy, into killing the other two. He succeeds in killing one but is unable to kill the second. Izzy finishes the second bully off and imprisons Tommy with the two surviving bullies she had in the trunk. She takes them to the barn by her home and torments them further before going inside to open Christmas presents with her little brother Kevin and Barney. Izzy gifts Kevin a gun taken from one of the bullies, which concerns Barney.
The deaths on the school bus are reported on the news and are believed to be the work of the missing bullies. Izzy has a flashback to her being angry at Rusty's girlfriend for kissing him goodbye before leaving to join the Marines. Enraged by this memory, Izzy goes over to her house and murders her. Deciding to get rid of the remaining bullies, Izzy brutalizes them but is caught by Barney, who she then kills as well. She's surprised to discover that Kevin had come into the barn as well and witnessed the murders. Izzy tries to explain and calm Kevin, but is unsuccessful. Horrified by what she's done, he goes into the house and commits suicide by shooting himself in the head.
In a flashback to an undetermined previous time, two Marines go to her house. Although there is no sound in this scene, it's obvious they are there to tell her that Rusty died in the war. She lashes out at them, and the movie ends as it cuts back to the present to show Izzy walking away from the burning barn.
Cast
Leslie Andrews as Izzy
Charlie Trepany as Kevin
John P. McGarr as Barney
Katherine Macanufo as Stephanie Wallace
Graham Denman as Michael Doyle
Stephen Geoffreys as Mr. Putski
Ian Villalobos as Tommy McGowan
Andy Ignore as Jugs
Justin Marco as Corey Chapman
Peter Partida Jr. as Rudy Browning
Chris W King as Rusty
Caerly Hill as Rusty's Girlfriend
Release
Sick Girl was given a screening at the Vista Theater in Los Angeles, California on August 16, 2008, as well at the Phoenix Fear Film Festival.
Soundtrack
"Family Tree" by Dennis Versteeg and Aaron Moreland
"Gary The Goat" by Dennis Versteeg and Eben McGarr
"So F*cked Up" and "I Want'em Dead" by Sloppy Seconds
"Sunday Morning Letter" and "Caribbean Love Song" by Patrick Sellars
Reception
Sick Girl received reviews from Ginger Nuts of Horror and Dread Central, the latter of which gave the film 3 out of 5 blades and wrote that "You’ll spend a lot of time waiting for the next horrific thing to happen, but when it does you’ll likely feel it was worth the wait." DVD Talk also reviewed Sick Girl, stating "Devastating and seriously messed-up, Sick Girl brings life back to the horror genre just in the nick of time." HorrorNews.net noted that the movie was "Creative…cold and brutal".
Awards
Phoenix Fear Film Festival Best feature: 2008
References
External links
2007 drama films
2007 films
2007 horror films
2007 independent films
2007 crime drama films
2000s American films
2000s English-language films
2000s exploitation films
2000s serial killer films
American crime drama films
American independent films
American horror drama films
American serial killer films
American splatter films
Films about incest |
15828767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%20Academy | Mexican Academy | Mexican Academy may refer to:
The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua
The Mexican Academy of Sciences
The Mexican Academy of Film Arts and Sciences
The Mexican Academy of Human Rights, an NGO
See also
Mexico Academy and Central School in New York State |
15828771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20theory | Stable theory | In the mathematical field of model theory, a theory is called stable if it satisfies certain combinatorial restrictions on its complexity. Stable theories are rooted in the proof of Morley's categoricity theorem and were extensively studied as part of Saharon Shelah's classification theory, which showed a dichotomy that either the models of a theory admit a nice classification or the models are too numerous to have any hope of a reasonable classification. A first step of this program was showing that if a theory is not stable then its models are too numerous to classify.
Stable theories were the predominant subject of pure model theory from the 1970s through the 1990s, so their study shaped modern model theory and there is a rich framework and set of tools to analyze them. A major direction in model theory is "neostability theory," which tries to generalize the concepts of stability theory to broader contexts, such as simple and NIP theories.
Motivation and history
A common goal in model theory is to study a first-order theory by analyzing the complexity of the Boolean algebras of (parameter) definable sets in its models. One can equivalently analyze the complexity of the Stone duals of these Boolean algebras, which are type spaces. Stability restricts the complexity of these type spaces by restricting their cardinalities. Since types represent the possible behaviors of elements in a theory's models, restricting the number of types restricts the complexity of these models.
Stability theory has its roots in Michael Morley's 1965 proof of Łoś's conjecture on categorical theories. In this proof, the key notion was that of a totally transcendental theory, defined by restricting the topological complexity of the type spaces. However, Morley showed that (for countable theories) this topological restriction is equivalent to a cardinality restriction, a strong form of stability now called -stability, and he made significant use of this equivalence. In the course of generalizing Morley's categoricity theorem to uncountable theories, Frederick Rowbottom generalized -stability by introducing -stable theories for some cardinal , and finally Shelah introduced stable theories.
Stability theory was much further developed in the course of Shelah's classification theory program. The main goal of this program was to show a dichotomy that either the models of a first-order theory can be nicely classified up to isomorphism using a tree of cardinal-invariants (generalizing, for example, the classification of vector spaces over a fixed field by their dimension), or are so complicated that no reasonable classification is possible. Among the concrete results from this classification theory were theorems on the possible spectrum functions of a theory, counting the number of models of cardinality as a function of . Shelah's approach was to identify a series of "dividing lines" for theories. A dividing line is a property of a theory such that both it and its negation have strong structural consequences; one should imply the models of the theory are chaotic, while the other should yield a positive structure theory. Stability was the first such dividing line in the classification theory program, and since its failure was shown to rule out any reasonable classification, all further work could assume the theory to be stable. Thus much of classification theory was concerned with analyzing stable theories and various subsets of stable theories given by further dividing lines, such as superstable theories.
One of the key features of stable theories developed by Shelah is that they admit a general notion of independence called non-forking independence, generalizing linear independence from vector spaces and algebraic independence from field theory. Although non-forking independence makes sense in arbitrary theories, and remains a key tool beyond stable theories, it has particularly good geometric and combinatorial properties in stable theories. As with linear independence, this allows the definition of independent sets and of local dimensions as the cardinalities of maximal instances of these independent sets, which are well-defined under additional hypotheses. These local dimensions then give rise to the cardinal-invariants classifying models up to isomorphism.
Definition and alternate characterizations
Let T be a complete first-order theory.
For a given infinite cardinal , T is -stable if for every set A of cardinality in a model of T, the set S(A) of complete types over A also has cardinality . This is the smallest the cardinality of S(A) can be, while it can be as large as . For the case , it is common to say T is -stable rather than -stable.
T is stable if it is -stable for some infinite cardinal .
Restrictions on the cardinals for which a theory can simultaneously by -stable are described by the stability spectrum, which singles out the even tamer subset of superstable theories.
A common alternate definition of stable theories is that they do not have the order property. A theory has the order property if there is a formula and two infinite sequences of tuples , in some model M such that defines an infinite half graph on , i.e. is true in M . This is equivalent to there being a formula and an infinite sequence of tuples in some model M such that defines an infinite linear order on A, i.e. is true in M .
There are numerous further characterizations of stability. As with Morley's totally transcendental theories, the cardinality restrictions of stability are equivalent to bounding the topological complexity of type spaces in terms of Cantor-Bendixson rank. Another characterization is via the properties that non-forking independence has in stable theories, such as being symmetric. This characterizes stability in the sense that any theory with an abstract independence relation satisfying certain of these properties must be stable and the independence relation must be non-forking independence.
Any of these definitions, except via an abstract independence relation, can instead be used to define what it means for a single formula to be stable in a given theory T. Then T can be defined to be stable if every formula is stable in T. Localizing results to stable formulas allows these results to be applied to stable formulas in unstable theories, and this localization to single formulas is often useful even in the case of stable theories.
Examples and non-examples
For an unstable theory, consider the theory DLO of dense linear orders without endpoints. Then the atomic order relation has the order property. Alternatively, unrealized 1-types over a set A correspond to cuts (generalized Dedekind cuts, without the requirements that the two sets be non-empty and that the lower set have no greatest element) in the ordering of A, and there exist dense orders of any cardinality with -many cuts.
Another unstable theory is the theory of the Rado graph, where the atomic edge relation has the order property.
For a stable theory, consider the theory of algebraically closed fields of characteristic p, allowing . Then if K is a model of , counting types over a set is equivalent to counting types over the field k generated by A in K. There is a (continuous) bijection from the space of n-types over k to the space of prime ideals in the polynomial ring . Since such ideals are finitely generated, there are only many, so is -stable for all infinite .
Some further examples of stable theories are listed below.
The theory of any module over a ring (in particular, any theory of vector spaces or abelian groups).
The theory of non-abelian free groups.
The theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic p. When , the theory is -stable.
The theory of any nowhere dense graph class. These include graph classes with bounded expansion, which in turn include planar graphs and any graph class of bounded degree.
Geometric stability theory
Geometric stability theory is concerned with the fine analysis of local geometries in models and how their properties influence global structure. This line of results was later key in various applications of stability theory, for example to Diophantine geometry. It is usually taken to start in the late 1970s with Boris Zilber's analysis of totally categorical theories, eventually showing that they are not finitely axiomatizble. Every model of a totally categorical theory is controlled by (i.e. is prime and minimal over) a strongly minimal set, which carries a matroid structure determined by (model-theoretic) algebraic closure that gives notions of independence and dimension. In this setting, geometric stability theory then asks the local question of what the possibilities are for the structure of the strongly minimal set, and the local-to-global question of how the strongly minimal set controls the whole model.
The second question is answered by Zilber's Ladder Theorem, showing every model of a totally categorical theory is built up by a finite sequence of something like "definable fiber bundles" over the strongly minimal set. For the first question, Zilber's Trichotomy Conjecture was that the geometry of a strongly minimal set must be either like that of a set with no structure, or the set must essentially carry the structure of a vector space, or the structure of an algebraically closed field, with the first two cases called locally modular. This conjecture illustrates two central themes. First, that (local) modularity serves to divide combinatorial or linear behavior from nonlinear, geometric complexity as in algebraic geometry. Second, that complicated combinatorial geometry necessarily comes from algebraic objects; this is akin to the classical problem of finding a coordinate ring for an abstract projective plane defined by incidences, and further examples are the group configuration theorems showing certain combinatorial dependencies among elements must arise from multiplication in a definable group. By developing analogues of parts of algebraic geometry in strongly minimal sets, such as intersection theory, Zilber proved a weak form of the Trichotomy Conjecture for uncountably categorical theories. Although Ehud Hrushovski developed the Hrushovski construction to disprove the full conjecture, it was later proved with additional hypotheses in the setting of "Zariski geometries".
Notions from Shelah's classification program, such as regular types, forking, and orthogonality, allowed these ideas to be carried to greater generality, especially in superstable theories. Here, sets defined by regular types play the role of strongly minimal sets, with their local geometry determined by forking dependence rather than algebraic dependence. In place of the single strongly minimal set controlling models of a totally categorical theory, there may be many such local geometries defined by regular types, and orthogonality describes when these types have no interaction.
Applications
While stable theories are fundamental in model theory, this section lists applications of stable theories to other areas of mathematics. This list does not aim for completeness, but rather a sense of breadth.
Since the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0 is -stable, there are many applications of stability theory in differential algebra. For example, the existence and uniqueness of the differential closure of such a field (an analogue of the algebraic closure) were proved by Lenore Blum and Shelah respectively, using general results on prime models in -stable theories.
In Diophantine geometry, Ehud Hrushovski used geometric stability theory to prove the Mordell-Lang conjecture for function fields in all characteristics, which generalizes Faltings's theorem about counting rational points on curves and the Manin-Mumford conjecture about counting torsion points on curves. The key point in the proof was using Zilber's Trichotomy in differential fields to show certain arithmetically defined groups are locally modular.
In online machine learning, the Littlestone dimension of a concept class is a complexity measure characterizing learnability, analogous to the VC-dimension in PAC learning. Bounding the Littlestone dimension of a concept class is equivalent to a combinatorial characterization of stability involving binary trees. This equivlanece has been used, for example, to prove that online learnability of a concept class is equivalent to differentially private PAC learnability.
In functional analysis, Jean-Louis Krivine and Bernard Maurey defined a notion of stability for Banach spaces, equivalent to stating that no quantifier-free formula has the order property (in continuous logic, rather than first-order logic). They then showed that every stable Banach space admits an almost-isometric embedding of for some . This is part of a broader interplay between functional analysis and stability in continuous logic; for example, early results of Alexander Grothendieck in functional analysis can be interpreted as equivalent to fundamental results of stability theory.
A countable (possibly finite) structure is ultrahomogeneous if every finite partial automorphism extends to an automorphism of the full structure. Gregory Cherlin and Alistair Lachlan provided a general classification theory for stable ultrahomogeneous structures, including all finite ones. In particular, their results show that for any fixed finite relational language, the finite homogeneous structures fall into finitely many infinite families with members parametrized by numerical invariants and finitely many sporadic examples. Furthermore, every sporadic example becomes part of an infinite family in some richer language, and new sporadic examples always appear in suitably richer languages.
In arithmetic combinatorics, Hrushovski proved results on the structure of approximate subgroups, for example implying a strengthened version of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. Although this did not directly use stable theories, the key insight was that fundamental results from stable group theory could be generalized and applied in this setting. This directly led to the Breuillard-Green-Tao theorem classifying approximate subgroups.
Generalizations
For about twenty years after its introduction, stability was the main subject of pure model theory. A central direction of modern pure model theory, sometimes called "neostability" or "classification theory,"consists of generalizing the concepts and techniques developed for stable theories to broader classes of theories, and this has fed into many of the more recent applications of model theory.
Two notable examples of such broader classes are simple and NIP theories. These are orthogonal generalizations of stable theories, since a theory is both simple and NIP if and only if it is stable. Roughly, NIP theories keep the good combinatorial behavior from stable theories, while simple theories keep the good geometric behavior of non-forking independence. In particular, simple theories can be characterized by non-forking independence being symmetric, while NIP can be characterized by bounding the number of types realized over either finite or infinite sets.
Another direction of generalization is to recapitulate classification theory beyond the setting of complete first-order theories, such as in abstract elementary classes.
See also
Stability spectrum
Spectrum of a theory
Morley's categoricity theorem
NIP theories
Notes
References
External links
A map of the model-theoretic classification of theories, highlighting stability
Two book reviews discussing stability and classification theory for non-model theorists: Fundamentals of Stability Theory and Classification Theory
An overview of (geometric) stability theory for non-model theorists
Model theory |
15828781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Sanders%20%28film%20editor%29 | Ronald Sanders (film editor) | Ronald Sanders is a Canadian film editor and television producer.
Career
Sanders won Genie Awards for his work on Eastern Promises (2007), eXistenZ (2000), Crash (1996), and Dead Ringers (1989). He has collaborated extensively with director David Cronenberg; since 1979, he has edited most of Cronenberg's films.
Ronald Sanders is a member of the Canadian Cinema Editors.
Filmography
As editor
Awards and accolades
See also
List of film director and editor collaborations
References
External links
Canadian film editors
Canadian television producers
Best Editing Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Canadian television editors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
15828788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20William%20Boyle | Robert William Boyle | Robert William Boyle (October 2, 1883 – April 18, 1955) was a physicist and one of the most important early pioneers in the development of sonar.
Boyle was born in 1883 at Carbonear in the Dominion of Newfoundland. Boyle left Newfoundland for Montreal, Quebec in Canada where he trained at McGill University under Nobel Prize winner Sir Ernest Rutherford, in the then fledgling field of radioactivity. He earned McGill's first Doctor of Philosophy in physics in 1909. He then moved to England to continue his work by following Rutherford to the University of Manchester.
In 1912 he returned to Canada at the request of Henry Marshall Tory to become head of the physics department at the University of Alberta, and shifted his research to ultrasonics.
During the First World War Boyle volunteered his expertise to the British Admiralty and, with the help of his old professor Ernest Rutherford, he joined the Board of Inventions and Research and worked with British physicist Albert Beaumont Wood, a fellow student of Rutherford's.
Before 1917 the scientific teams from the Allied countries worked separately, however, after joining forces with French researchers, Boyle produced a working prototype of what the British called "ASDIC" (the first sonar).
Early versions of the technology were being installed on Royal Navy war ships just as the war came to an end.
In 1919 Boyle returned to Alberta and shortly thereafter became dean of the Faculty of Applied Science, a position he held until 1929. That year he joined the National Research Council of Canada as the director of physics, where he supervised research into radar during the Second World War.
He continued to work at the National Research Council until his retirement in 1948, when he moved back to England.
He was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1921 and awarded the Flavelle Medal in 1940. He died in London, England, aged 71.
References
External links
Early Sonar Developed by UofA Engineering Professor
University of Alberta People: Robert Boyle
1883 births
1955 deaths
Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
Canadian academics in engineering
Canadian physicists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
McGill University Faculty of Science alumni
People from Carbonear
Pre-Confederation Newfoundland and Labrador people
Academic staff of the University of Alberta |
15828802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesh%20Safari | Eesh Safari | Eesh Safari (Live Safari) is a TV reality show produced by the Middle East Broadcasting Center for the channel MBC 3. The show's main idea is to star a variety of children from around the Arab world to camp around with an organized team (by MBC 3) which is filled with coaches, traveling planners, and more. The show is exclusively aired on the channel it was designed for MBC 3. The show received huge success from Arab children, and so did its sequel, which was filmed in a different area located in
Thailand.
Information and parts
Eesh Safari mainly consists of 2 teams, which are named after the most 2 popular animals in the region they're traveling to, using the region's language. E.g. South Africa's giraffe and rhinoceros translated to Edubè and Umkumbè.
First season
Filming location and cultures
The first part of Eesh Safari was filmed in a natural sanctuary in South Africa. The culture was a South African tribe, called the Zulu. One of the main tasks in the Eesh Safari competition was completing the traditional Zulu house, which becomes the main task (but for Thai houses) in the sequel.
Teams
Edubè: This team is named after the Zulu name for the giraffe, and is the team that lost the competition. It is the orange team in Eesh Safari 1 and was led by participant Yasmin from Lebanon.
Umkumbè: This team is named after the Zulu name for the rhino, and is the team that won the competition. It is the green team in Eesh Safari 1 and was led by the participant Ammar from Jordan.
Second season
Filming location and cultures
The second part of Eesh Safari was filmed in another natural sanctuary but in Thailand. The culture was that of the typical Thai people living in an area near the sanctuary. One of the main tasks in the Eesh Safari competition was to build a traditional Thai house, which was similar to the first season, and is recognized as an Eesh Safari tradition. The participants of the Eesh Safari show also shared in learning kickboxing, which is a popular Thai type of martial arts.
Teams
Rachasi: This team is named after the Thai name for the tiger (which is one of the most popular animals in Thailand) and is the team that won the competition. It is the orange team in Eesh Safari 2 and was led by the participant Al-Khansa'a from Morocco.
Kochasan: This team is named after the Thai naming for the elephant (which is less popular than the tiger in Thailand), and is the team that lost the competition, although most fans and even the presenter Hassan Al-Mula and coaches think they did the most effort, and they're best known for their "team anthem" called "Ya Laleh", which is composed by the team's leader Mu'ayyad from Saudi Arabia.
Third season
The third part of Eesh Safari was filmed in Australia. The culture was that of the aboriginal Australians. It was the most unsuccessful season between the three, due to a lack of active personalities and so-called "very strict" coaches. The main teams were the Kangaroo Team and the Koala Team.
Fourth season
The fourth season is now in production. Participants in the fourth season were called and confirmed on-air on June 27, 2008.
Eesh Safari's social, cultural, and physical help
Eesh Safari is a helper method to the native parts of the regions that the show uses for the contests. Participants of Eesh Safari usually clean up their left-overs and help themselves with problems that occur to their habitats or own property, such as a flood that occurred in the second part of the show. Other than teaching the children to help themselves, and teaching them teamwork, the show also helps the native parts of the region by "punishments" teams who lose, which, most of the time, brings fun to the punished team's hearts. The punishments are always dealing with helping the native people in the region, such as cleaning animals feces, collecting unnecessary weeds on the coast and in gardens, washing up farm animals, and many more. Also, participating in quizzes, visiting cultures, building traditional homes, going to scientific places and a lot of other activities teach participants and also the watchers of the show physical, scientific, cultural, and social help.
See also
MBC 3
Middle East Broadcasting Center
External links
MBC 3's official website
Eesh Safari's official website
The Middle East Broadcasting Center's official website
Emirati reality television series
2005 Emirati television series debuts
2000s Emirati television series
MBC Group |
15828846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9vigny%2C%20Orne | Sévigny, Orne | Sévigny () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Les Buttes, Le Tellier and Sévigny.
Sévigny along with another 69 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The Ruisseau des Fontaines Thiot is the only watercourse in the Commune.
Notable buildings and places
Haras du Petit Tellier, one of the oldest thoroughbred horse breeding farms in France is based in the Commune.
National heritage sites
The New House Tilery, built in 1812 and expanded in 1854, this building was operational up until 1900. It was registered as a Monument historique in 1995.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocquenc%C3%A9 | Bocquencé | Bocquencé () is a former commune in the Orne department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche.
Population
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%ABc%C3%A9 | Boëcé | Boëcé () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne |
15828853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boissei-la-Lande | Boissei-la-Lande | Boissei-la-Lande () is a commune in the Orne department in northwestern France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Le Friche du Val,Thion, Le Theil, La Rivière,Pillou,La Hauteville and Boissei-la-Lande.
Boissei-la-Lande along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
In addition to the Orne river, the commune also has three streams running through it, the Calvaire, L'Epinet and La Gironde.
Population
Notable buildings and places
National heritage sites
The Commune has 2 buildings and areas listed as a Monument historique.
Church Farm a 16th century farmhouse listed as a monument in 1986.
Church of Boissei-la-Lande a 16th century church listed as a monument in 1986.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boissy-Maugis | Boissy-Maugis | Boissy-Maugis () is a former commune in the Orne department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cour-Maugis sur Huisne.
Population
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauville%2C%20Orne | Gauville, Orne | Gauville () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putanges-Pont-%C3%89crepin | Putanges-Pont-Écrepin | Putanges-Pont-Écrepin () is a village and a former commune in the Orne département of north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Putanges-le-Lac.
The former commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandelain | Gandelain | Gandelain () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Notable People
Marie-Azélie Guérin (1831 - 1877), mother of Thérèse of Lisieux, and later herself canonized as saint in 2015 was born here.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Communes of Orne |
15828862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2pr%C3%A9e | Gâprée | Gâprée () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
Gâprée along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne |
15828863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9mages | Gémages | Gémages () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Val-au-Perche.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick-firing%20gun | Quick-firing gun | A quick-firing or rapid-firing gun is an artillery piece, typically a gun or howitzer, that has several characteristics which taken together mean the weapon can fire at a fast rate. Quick-firing was introduced worldwide in the 1880s and 1890s and had a marked impact on war both on land and at sea.
Characteristics
The characteristics of a quick-firing artillery piece are:
A breech-loading weapon with a breech mechanism that allows rapid reloading
Single-part cased ammunition, i.e. a cartridge containing both shell and propellant
Recoil buffers to limit recoil, so the barrel can quickly return to the same position after firing
The use of smokeless powder – nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, or cordite – which create far less smoke than gunpowder, meaning that gun crews could still see their target
These innovations, taken together, meant that the quick-firer could fire aimed shells much more rapidly than an older weapon. For instance, an Elswick Ordnance Company 4.7-inch gun fired 10 rounds in 47.5 seconds in 1887, almost eight times faster than the equivalent 5-inch breech-loading gun.
History
Naval use
In 1881, the Royal Navy advertised for a quick-firing gun that could fire a minimum of 12 shots per minute. This rate of fire became increasingly important with the development of the first practical torpedoes and torpedo boats, which posed an extreme threat to the Royal Navy's maritime predominance.
The first quick-firing light gun was the 1-inch Nordenfelt gun, built in Britain from 1880. The gun was expressly designed to defend larger warships against the new small fast-moving torpedo boats in the late 1870s to the early 1880s and was an enlarged version of the successful rifle-calibre Nordenfelt hand-cranked "machine gun" designed by Helge Palmcrantz. The gun fired a solid steel bullet with hardened tip and brass jacket.
The gun was used in one-, two-, and four-barrel versions. The ammunition was fed by gravity from a hopper above the breech, subdivided into separate columns for each barrel. The gunner loaded and fired the multiple barrels by moving a lever on the right side of the gun forward and backwards. Pulling the lever backwards extracted the fired cartridges, pushing it forward then loaded fresh cartridges into all the barrels, and the final part of the forward motion fired all the barrels, one at a time in quick succession. Hence the gun functioned as a type of volley gun, firing bullets in bursts, compared to the contemporary Gatling gun and the true machine guns that succeeded it, such as the Maxim gun, which fired at a steady continuous rate.
It was superseded for anti-torpedo boat defence in the mid-1880s by the new generation of Hotchkiss and Nordenfelt "QF" guns of 47 mm and 57 mm calibre, firing exploding "common pointed" shells weighing .
The French firm Hotchkiss produced the QF 3 pounder as a light 47 mm naval gun from 1886. The gun was ideal for defending against small fast vessels such as torpedo boats and was immediately adopted by the RN as the "Ordnance QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss". It was built under licence by Elswick Ordnance Company.
The Royal Navy introduced the QF 4.7-inch in in 1889, and the QF 6-inch MK 1 in HMS Royal Sovereign, launched 1891. Other navies followed suit; the French navy installed quick-firing weapons on its ships completed in 1894–95.
Quick-firing guns were a key characteristic of the pre-dreadnought battleship, the dominant design of the 1890s. The quick-firing guns, while unable to penetrate thick armour, were intended to destroy the superstructure of an opposing battleship, start fires, and kill or distract the enemy's gun crews. The development of heavy guns and their increasing rate of fire meant that the quick-firer lost its status as the decisive weapon of naval combat in the early 1900s, though quick-firing guns were vital to defend battleships from attack by torpedo boats and destroyers, and formed the main armament of smaller vessels.
Land use
An early quick-firing field gun was created by Vladimir Baranovsky in 1872–75. which was officially adopted by the Russian military in 1882.
On land, quick-firing field guns were first adopted by the French Army, starting in 1897 with the Canon de 75 modèle 1897, which proved to be extremely successful. Other nations were quick to copy the quick-firing technology.
The QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV was initially manufactured for naval use and as coast artillery. British forces in the Second Boer War were initially outgunned by the long-range Boer artillery. Captain Percy Scott of HMS Terrible first improvised timber static siege mountings for two guns from the Cape Town coastal defences, to counter the Boers' "Long Tom" gun during the Siege of Ladysmith in 1899–1900.
Scott then improvised a travelling carriage for 4.7-inch guns removed from their usual static coastal or ship mountings to provide the army with a heavy field gun. These improvised carriages lacked recoil buffers and hence in action drag shoes and attachment of the carriage by cable to a strong point in front of the gun were necessary to control the recoil. They were manned by Royal Navy crews and required up to 32 oxen to move.
The first war in which quick-firing artillery was widespread was the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05.
The quick-firing howitzer offered the potential for practical indirect fire. Traditional howitzers had been employed to engage targets outside their line of fire, but were very slow to aim and reload. Quick-firing weapons were capable of a heavy indirect bombardment, and this was the main mode of their employment during the 20th century.
See also
Glossary of British ordnance terms
References
External links
Impact of the French 75mm Quick-Firer
1905 lecture on the U.S. Army employment of quick-firing artillery
Artillery by type
Russian inventions |
15828865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneslay | Geneslay | Geneslay () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Rives d'Andaine.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20for%20You%20%28Secondhand%20Serenade%20song%29 | Fall for You (Secondhand Serenade song) | "Fall for You" is a song by Secondhand Serenade, the solo project of John Vesely. It was the first single from Secondhand Serenade's second studio album A Twist in My Story (2008). The single was released as a digital download on January 21, 2008, peaking, after receiving a lot of airplay in summer months, in September 2008, at No. 8 on the Billboard Pop 100 charts and No. 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts.
The song debuted at number 27 on the Australian ARIA Singles Charts and has since peaked at number 19. The song was certified 2× Platinum in the United States by the RIAA. This song is written in the key of C major.
Music video
A music video was released a week after the single was released. The video was shown on MTV's Total Request Live. It features John Vesely playing the piano and performing the song intercut with footage of Vesely with a woman.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certification
References
2007 songs
2008 singles
Song recordings produced by Butch Walker
Glassnote Records singles |
15828867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giel-Courteilles | Giel-Courteilles | Giel-Courteilles () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. The current commune was formed in 1965 when the two communes of Giel and Courteilles merged.
Geography
The commune of Giel-Courteilles is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Giel-Courteilles, Courteilles,Le Jardin, Les Landes and Les Préaux.
Giel-Courteilles along with another 69 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
The river Orne runs through the commune, along with one of its tributaries Ruisseau du Gue Blandin.
Notable people
Michel Onfray a French writer and philosopher was schooled at the Giel-Don Bosco Catholic school Giel-Courteilles.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Gielcourteilles |
15828868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginai | Ginai | Ginai () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Briquetière, Les Bruyères and Ginai.
The Commune is one of 30 communes that make up the Natura 2000 protected area of Bocages et vergers du sud Pays d'Auge.
The River Ure runs through the commune in addition to a single stream, the Roule-Crottes.
Notable buildings and places
National heritage sites
Hippodrome de Bergerie a racecourse that is owned by the Haras du Pin. It hosted Normandy's first gallop race in 1851. In 1863 it was inaugurated in 1863 by Napoleon III. It was classed as a Monument historique.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne
Horse racing venues in France
Monuments historiques of Orne |
15828869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glos-la-Ferri%C3%A8re | Glos-la-Ferrière | Glos-la-Ferrière () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Gloslaferriere |
15828870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godisson | Godisson | Godisson () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
Godisson along with another 70 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne |
15828872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%AAnes | Frênes | Frênes () is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Frênes and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Former communes of Orne |
15828874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaunoise | Vaunoise | Vaunoise () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
Geography
Vaunoise along with the communes of Belforêt-en-Perche, Saint-Martin-du-Vieux-Bellême, Igé and Appenai-sous-Bellême is part of the Bois et coteaux calcaires sous Belleme a Natura 2000 conservation site. The site measures 105 hectares and is home to the European stag beetle and European ash.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Communes of Orne
Natura 2000 in France |
15828876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sept-Forges | Sept-Forges | Sept-Forges () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Juvigny Val d'Andaine.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Septforges |
15828879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9grie-Fontaine | Ségrie-Fontaine | Ségrie-Fontaine () is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Athis-Val-de-Rouvre. The former commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Segriefontaine |
15828883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champeaux-sur-Sarthe | Champeaux-sur-Sarthe | Champeaux-sur-Sarthe (, literally Champeaux on Sarthe) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
The town covers 9.5 km ² and has 185 people since the last population census from 2005. With a density of 19.5 inhabitants per km ², Champeaux-sur-Sarthe, grew by 4.5% of its population compared with 1999.
Geography
The commune along with another 32 communes is part of a 3,503 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de la Sarthe.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Champeauxsursarthe |
15828887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modiri%20Marumo | Modiri Marumo | Modiri Marumo (born 6 July 1976) is a Botswanan former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Club career
Born in Gaborone, Marumo began his career with Botswana Defence Force. He signed for Egyptian side Haras El Hodood in February 2008, becoming the first Botswanan player to play in Egypt's top division. He moved to South Africa in August 2010, signing with Bay United. He ended his career with Polokwane City, also in South Africa.
International career
Marumo earned 85 caps for the Botswana national team between 1997 and 2015. In January 2012 he was one of a number of national team players who went on strike over pay. He initially retired from the national team in February 2012, following the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations, but returned to the national team set up in July 2012. He is the only ever goalkeeper to have been sent off in the duration of a penalty shootout.
References
1976 births
Living people
People from Gaborone
Botswana men's footballers
Botswana men's international footballers
Botswana Defence Force XI F.C. players
Haras El Hodoud SC players
Polokwane City F.C. players
Bay United F.C. players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Botswana expatriate men's footballers
Botswana expatriate sportspeople in Egypt
Expatriate men's footballers in Egypt
Botswana expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players |
15828894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah%20Aviation%20Hall%20of%20Fame | Utah Aviation Hall of Fame | The Utah Aviation Hall of Fame was established in 1996 to honor and recognize individuals in the State of Utah who have contributed significantly to Utah aviation. These people have distinguished themselves through major contributions in advancing aviation or heroic accomplishments as civil or military aviators in and for the State of Utah.
It is the greater goal of this program is to foster public appreciation for the contributions of these individuals to the education of air power. Specifically, the continuing education and development of civil or general, commercial, and military aviation throughout the State.
The official recognition of the Utah Aviation Hall of Fame was proclaimed by the Governor in 1996. It Governor proclaimed the 32nd Flight (Pioneer), Order of Daedalians, the National Fraternity of Military Pilots, as the sponsor and custodial agency for the program. Honorees are inducted each year around Memorial Day.
The Utah Aviation Hall of Fame is located within the Hill Aerospace Museum, Hill AFB, UT (Interstate 15 Exit #338 / 5600 South Exit). Hours of operation are the same as those of the museum: 9 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday (closed Sundays and Mondays), closed December 24–25 for the Christmas Holiday and closed January 1 for New Years Day. Admission does not require entry onto Hill AFB and is free to the public.
Laurates of the Hall
In 1996, the original eleven inductees for the Hall of Fame were so honored when the Hall was established at the Hill Aerospace Museum. The current Administrator is Charles P. "Pat" Gilmore, Major, USAFR (Retired)
Current inductees
Major General Orvil A. Anderson, USAF
Lieutenant Colonel Paul A. Bloomquist, AUS
General John Kenneth Cannon, USAF
Verenus "Vern" and Jessie Carter, Utah Aviation Pioneers
Brigadier General Darrell Stuart Cramer, USAF
Major General William E. Creer, USAF
Colonel Emmett Smith "Cyclone" Davis, USAF (2016)
Colonel Glenn Todd Eagleston, USAF
Captain Richard Taylor Eastmond, USN
Colonel Bernard F. Fisher, USAF
Jacob Edwin Garn, Utah Aeronautic Commission
Senator Jake Garn, BGEN Utah Air National Guard
Lieutenant Commander William Edward Hall, USNR
Colonel Gail Halvorsen, USAF
Robert H. Hinckley, Civil Aviation
Colonel Lorin Lavar Johnson, USAF
Lieutenant Colonel Clifford D. Jolley, USAF
Colonel Willard R. Macfarlane, USAF
Colonel Russell L. Maughan, USAF
Ardeth "Art" Mortensen, Civil Aviation
Alberta Hunt Nicholson, WASP
Lieutenant Colonel Chase J. Nielsen, USAF
Major General Chesley Gordon Peterson, USAF
Major Alden P. Rigby, USAF
Brigadier General Richard Condie Sanders, USAF
Colonel Walter T. Stewart, USAF
Harold A. Sweet, China National Aviation Corporation
Brigadier General Paul W. Tibbets, USAF
Lieutenant Wendell Van Twelves, USNR
See also
North American aviation halls of fame
Early Birds of Aviation
Hall of fame
Timeline of aviation
Wright brothers
Sources
Utah Aviation Hall of Fame (Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Utah website)
External links
American Combat Airman Hall of Fame webpage (on CAF Airpower Museum website)
American Combat Airman Hall of Fame inductees webpage (on American Airpower Heritage Museum website)
World War II Memories of Wendall Van Twelves. MSS 7606; 20th Century Western and Mormon Manuscripts; L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University.
Aviation history of the United States
Aviation halls of fame
Halls of fame in Utah
State halls of fame in the United States
Aerospace museums in Utah
History organizations based in the United States
Museums in Weber County, Utah
1996 establishments in Utah
Buildings and structures in Weber County, Utah
Awards established in 1996 |
15828924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Monet | MV Monet | MV Monet is a cruise ship operated by Noble Caledonia, based in United Kingdom.
Built in 1970, Monet has been refurbished and designed in 1998 to serve as a large luxury yacht.
References
Cruise ships
1970 ships |
15828961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia%20Dominicana%20de%20la%20Lengua | Academia Dominicana de la Lengua | The Academia Dominicana de la Lengua (variously translated as the Dominican Academy of Language, the Dominican Academy of the Language, the Dominican Academy of Letters, or glossed as the Dominican Academy of the Spanish Language; acronym ADL)
is the Dominican Republic's correspondent academy of the Royal Spanish Academy. It was founded in Santo Domingo on 12 October 1927 and, like the other academies, has the principal function of working to regulate the Spanish language in the Dominican Republic.
It was created by the initiative of Archbishop Adolfo Alejandro Nouel. Currently, it has 29 members that are identified by the letters of the alphabet, from A to Z, and are considered members for life. It also counts with 30 correspondents.
Members
Academic members
These are the members that belong to the academy for life. Their chairs are identified by the letters of the alphabet.
References
Languages of the Dominican Republic
Culture of the Dominican Republic
Education in the Dominican Republic
Educational organizations based in the Dominican Republic
Spanish language academies
Organizations established in 1927
1927 establishments in North America |
15828964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89causseville | Écausseville | Écausseville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche
Manche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15828966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan%20Township | Milan Township | Milan Township may refer to the following places in the United States:
Milan Township, DeKalb County, Illinois
Milan Township, Allen County, Indiana
Milan Township, Michigan
Milan Township, Erie County, Ohio
See also
Milan (disambiguation)
Township name disambiguation pages |
15828972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89coquen%C3%A9auville | Écoquenéauville | Écoquenéauville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Sainte-Mère-Église.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15828980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20C.%20Dahlgren | Edward C. Dahlgren | Edward Carl Dahlgren (March 14, 1916 – May 31, 2006) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.
Biography
Dahlgren joined the Army from Portland, Maine in March 1943, and by February 11, 1945 was serving as a Sergeant in Company E, 142nd Infantry Regiment, 36th Infantry Division. On that day, at Oberhoffen, France, he repeatedly attacked German positions alone and captured many prisoners. He was subsequently promoted to second lieutenant and, on September 10, 1945, awarded the Medal of Honor.
Dahlgren left the Army while still a second lieutenant. He died at age 90 and was buried in Pierce Cemetery, Mars Hill, Maine.
Medal of Honor citation
Dahlgren's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
He led the 3d Platoon to the rescue of a similar unit which had been surrounded in an enemy counterattack at Oberhoffen, France. As he advanced along a street, he observed several Germans crossing a field about 100 yards away. Running into a barn, he took up a position in a window and swept the hostile troops with submachine gun fire, killing 6, wounding others, and completely disorganizing the group. His platoon then moved forward through intermittent sniper fire and made contact with the besieged Americans. When the 2 platoons had been reorganized, Sgt. Dahlgren continued to advance along the street until he drew fire from an enemy-held house. In the face of machine pistol and rifle fire, he ran toward the building, hurled a grenade through the door, and blasted his way inside with his gun. This aggressive attack so rattled the Germans that all 8 men who held the strongpoint immediately surrendered. As Sgt. Dahlgren started toward the next house, hostile machinegun fire drove him to cover. He secured rifle grenades, stepped to an exposed position, and calmly launched his missiles from a difficult angle until he had destroyed the machinegun and killed its 2 operators. He moved to the rear of the house and suddenly came under the fire of a machinegun emplaced in a barn. Throwing a grenade into the structure, he rushed the position, firing his weapon as he ran; within, he overwhelmed 5 Germans. After reorganizing his unit he advanced to clear hostile riflemen from the building where he had destroyed the machinegun. He entered the house by a window and trapped the Germans in the cellar, where he tossed grenades into their midst, wounding several and forcing 10 more to surrender. While reconnoitering another street with a comrade, he heard German voices in a house. An attack with rifle grenades drove the hostile troops to the cellar. Sgt. Dahlgren entered the building, kicked open the cellar door, and, firing several bursts down the stairway, called for the trapped enemy to surrender. Sixteen soldiers filed out with their hands in the air. The bold leadership and magnificent courage displayed by Sgt. Dahlgren in his heroic attacks were in a large measure responsible for repulsing an enemy counterattack and saving an American platoon from great danger.
See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
References
External links
1916 births
2006 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Aroostook County, Maine
United States Army officers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor |
15828983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artigues%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Artigues, Hautes-Pyrénées | Artigues (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
It is a small village retaining traditional architecture of the region. The commune is at the end of a steep dead-end road from the outskirts of Luchon.
Geography
Climate
Artigues has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Artigues is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Artigues was on 1 July 2015; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 9 January 1985.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15828988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20butterflyfish | Pyramid butterflyfish | The pyramid butterflyfish (Hemitaurichthys polylepis) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae, native from central Indo-Pacific.
Description
The pyramid butterflyfish is a small-sized fish that can reach a maximum length of 18 cm.
Its body is compressed laterally with a rounded body profile, and its snout protrudes forwards slightly with a small protrusible (extendable) mouth. Its very characteristic livery leaves no doubt about the identification. A dark brown-yellow area, the colour of which may vary in intensity, fully masks the head and extends to a line from the first rays of the dorsal fin to the start of its pelvic fins.
The rest of its body is white, peduncle and caudal fin included. Insertion of yellow-orange areas at the top of the side form a characteristic pyramidal pattern, hence the name of the fish. The anal fin is also yellow-orange.
Distribution and habitat
The pyramid butterflyfish is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the central Indo-Pacific from Cocos Keeling and Christmas Island to Polynesia and from south Japan to New-Caledonia.
The pyramid butterflyfish appreciates the outer reef slopes from which it can swim out into open water to get its food. It can be seen at depths from 3 to 60 meters deep.
Biology
The pyramid butterflyfish lives in large schools, and feeds on plankton in open water out of its shelter reef.
Conservation status
The species as a planktivorous could be affected by climate-induced reductions in planktonic productivity. There do not appear to be any current threats to this species and it is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN.
References
External links
Pyramid butterflyfish
Fish described in 1857 |
15828994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee%20and%20Worker%20Faithful%20Service%20Medal | Employee and Worker Faithful Service Medal | The Employee and Worker Faithful Service Medal (Treudienst-Ehrenzeichen fur Angestellte und Arbeiter der freien Wirtschaft) was founded on January 30, 1938, as a special class to the Faithful Service Medal to reward long and faithful service of employees of private firms who worked for the same concern for a period of 50 years or more.
The medal is a silver cross with a gold wreath and a gold 50 at the top arm of the cross. The reverse has "Für Treue Arbeit" (For Faithful Work) stamped on it.
The ribbon for the medal is cornflower blue.
There is some debate in the collector community whether this medal was ever awarded or not.
References
Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany
Long service medals |
15829005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulon%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Aulon, Hautes-Pyrénées | Aulon () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89culleville | Éculleville | Éculleville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mondeville | Émondeville | Émondeville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in northwestern France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20and%20Entertainment%20Licensing%20Authority | Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority | Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority or (TELA) was an entertainment regulatory agency in Hong Kong under the Government of Hong Kong.
On 1 April 2012, TELA merged with Hong Kong Broadcasting Authority and Office of the Telecommunications Authority to create a new authority, the Communications Authority.
Previous Commissioners
Cheung Po Duk 張寶德 (1995—1996)
Chan Juk-duk 陳育德 (1996—2002)
Wong Long-si 黃浪詩 (2003—2007)
Maisie Cheng 鄭美施 (2007—2010)
Lau Ming-gwong 劉明光 (2010-2012)
See also
Hong Kong Broadcasting Authority
Office of the Telecommunications Authority
References
External links
www.tela.gov.hk
Statutory bodies in Hong Kong
Hong Kong government departments and agencies
Entertainment rating organizations |
15829021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89roudeville | Éroudeville | Éroudeville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Naphthol | 2-Naphthol | 2-Naphthol, or β-naphthol, is a fluorescent colorless (or occasionally yellow) crystalline solid with the formula C10H7OH. It is an isomer of 1-naphthol, differing by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol, but more reactive. Both isomers are soluble in simple alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. 2-Naphthol is a widely used intermediate for the production of dyes and other compounds.
Production
Traditionally, 2-naphthol is produced by a two-step process that begins with the sulfonation of naphthalene in sulfuric acid:
C10H8 + H2SO4 → C10H7SO3H + H2O
The sulfonic acid group is then cleaved in molten sodium hydroxide:
C10H7(SO3H) + 3 NaOH → C10H7ONa + Na2SO3 + 2 H2O
Neutralization of the product with acid gives 2-naphthol.
2-Naphthol can also be produced by a method analogous to the cumene process.
2-Naphthol-derived dyes
The Sudan dyes are popular dyes noted for being soluble in organic solvents. Several of the Sudan dyes are derived from 2-naphthol by coupling with diazonium salts. Sudan dyes I–IV and Sudan Red G consist of arylazo-substituted naphthols.
Reactions
Some reactions of 2-naphthol are explicable with reference to its tautomerism, which produces a small amount of the keto tautomer.
One consequence of this tautomerism is the Bucherer reaction, the ammonolysis of 2-naphthol to give 2-aminonaphthalene.
2-Naphthol can be oxidatively coupled to form BINOL, a C2-symmetric ligand popularized for use in asymmetric catalysis.
2-Naphthol converts to 2-naphthalenethiol by reaction with dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride via the Newman–Kwart rearrangement. The OH→Br conversion has been described.
Electrophilic attack occurs characteristically at the 1-position as indicated by nitrosylation to give 1-nitroso-2-naphthol. Bromination and alkylations proceed with similar regiochemistry. Ring-opening reactions have been documented.
Carbonation of 2-naphthol gives 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid.
Safety
2-Naphthol has been described as "moderately toxic.
References
External links
NIST Chemistry WebBook 2-Naphthalenol
2-Naphthyl compounds |
15829030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%89tang-Bertrand | L'Étang-Bertrand | L'Étang-Bertrand () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
L'Oraille
References
Etangbertrand |
15829032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienville | Étienville | Étienville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aureilhan%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Aureilhan, Hautes-Pyrénées | Aureilhan (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermanville | Fermanville | Fermanville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
Located on the Channel coast between Cherbourg-en-Cotentin and Barfleur, Fermanville is divided into small hamlets on either side of the Cap lévi, the headland forming the eastern end of the bay of Cherbourg, and the valley of the small river Poult. It marks the entrance to the natural region of the Val de Saire. The village's economy is based on agriculture, fishing and tourism.
Fermanville has two important Paleolithic sites in France, including the oldest known submerged habitat in Europe. Cap Levi and its coves were during Antiquity and the Middle Ages a point of passage to Great Britain. A strategic point with the development of the military port of Cherbourg from the end of the 18th century, the coastline of the commune was fortified several times until the World War II: the German batteries protecting Cherbourg experienced the last fighting of the liberation of the Nord-Cotentin in June 1944.
The commune is home to three monuments historiques: the manor house of Inthéville, the stele for Marie Ravenel and the Cap Lévi lighthouse. Other notable buildings include the Cap Lévi Fort and Fermanville Viaduc.
History
French submarine Prométhée sank off Fermanville on 7 July 1932.
Places of interest
Fort Lévi : fort built in 1801 on Napoleon's orders ;
Railway viaduct located in the vallée des moulins village, used until 1951 for the Cherbourg-Barfleur train ;
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Fermanville official website (in French)
Communes of Manche |
15829039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8res%2C%20Manche | Ferrières, Manche | Ferrières () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Le Teilleul.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurensan%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Aurensan, Hautes-Pyrénées | Aurensan () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fervaches | Fervaches | Fervaches () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Tessy-Bocage.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feug%C3%A8res | Feugères | Feugères () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Feuillie%2C%20Manche | La Feuillie, Manche | La Feuillie () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Feuillie |
15829056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bize%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Bize, Hautes-Pyrénées | Bize (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fierville-les-Mines | Fierville-les-Mines | Fierville-les-Mines () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Fiervillelesmines |
15829066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleury%2C%20Manche | Fleury, Manche | Fleury () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
Notable residents
Michael Vartan
Gallery
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9nac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Bénac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Bénac (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées
Hautes-Pyrénées communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flottemanville | Flottemanville | Flottemanville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flottemanville-Hague | Flottemanville-Hague | Flottemanville-Hague () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Flottemanvillehague |
15829083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphism%20%28disambiguation%29 | Metamorphism (disambiguation) | Metamorphism, in geology, is the solid state recrystallisation of rocks under environmental forces.
Metamorphism may also refer to:
Metamorphism (Merzbow album) (2006).
Metamorphism (computer science), a concept similar to a hylomorphism.
Metamorphic code, computer code that rewrites itself.
Shapeshifting, the fictional topic, also called "metamorphism"
See also
Metamorphosis (disambiguation) |
15829085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folligny | Folligny | Folligny () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France. Folligny station has rail connections to Granville, Argentan, Caen, Paris and Rennes.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caubous%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Caubous, Hautes-Pyrénées | Caubous is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenay%2C%20Manche | Fontenay, Manche | Fontenay () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Romagny-Fontenay.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenay-sur-Mer | Fontenay-sur-Mer | Fontenay-sur-Mer (, literally Fontenay on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Fontenaysurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15829100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucarville | Foucarville | Foucarville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Sainte-Mère-Église.
Following World War II, for 21 months, tens of thousands of Nazi POWs were detained at an Allied prison camp in Foucarville. Officially called the Continental Prisoner of War Enclosure Number 19, it encompassed 306 acres, was powered by hydroelectric power and diesel generators, 2 hospitals, 50 kitchens serving 5 mess halls, 10 workshops, 4 churches 2 theaters and a soccer field. The last prisoners were re-integrated into society at the camp's close on 31 December 1948.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourneaux%2C%20Manche | Fourneaux, Manche | Fourneaux () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarac | Clarac | Clarac may refer to the following places in France:
Clarac, Haute-Garonne, a commune in the Haute-Garonne department
Clarac, Hautes-Pyrénées, a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
, a former commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
See also
Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac (17771847), French artist, scholar and archaeologist
Claracq, a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France |
15829113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Fresne-Poret | Le Fresne-Poret | Le Fresne-Poret () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Fresneporet |