Datasets:

MemGPT

/

qa_data

like 1

[ "John von Neumann" ]

[ { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "The idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. It was the outline of a stored-program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949. EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types. Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high-speed computer", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "Central processing unit A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The computer industry has used the term \"central processing unit\" at least since the early 1960s. Traditionally, the term \"CPU\" refers to a processor, more specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these core elements of a computer from external components such as main memory and I/O circuitry. The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61953", "score": "1.2679863", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "parts of a CPU and provides various counters accessible to software; an example is Intel's \"Performance Counter Monitor\" technology. Central processing unit A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The computer industry has used the term \"central processing unit\" at least since the early 1960s. Traditionally, the term \"CPU\" refers to a processor, more specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these core elements of a computer from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "62022", "score": "1.2490959", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "System bus", "text": "what became known as the Von Neumann architecture, a central control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU, which he called the central arithmetic part) were combined with computer memory and input and output functions to form a stored program computer. The \"Report\" presented a general organization and theoretical model of the computer, however, not the implementation of that model. Soon designs integrated the control unit and ALU into what became known as the central processing unit (CPU). Computers in the 1950s and 1960s were generally constructed in an ad-hoc fashion. For example, the CPU, memory, and input/output units were each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3986931", "score": "1.1980101", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "computer; the Manchester Baby, a small-scale experimental stored-program computer, ran its first program on 21 June 1948 and the Manchester Mark 1 ran its first program during the night of 16–17 June 1949. Early CPUs were custom designs used as part of a larger and sometimes distinctive computer. However, this method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of multi-purpose processors produced in large quantities. This standardization began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC). The IC has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61958", "score": "1.1334834", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Microprocessor", "text": "The first use of the term \"microprocessor\" is attributed to Viatron Computer Systems describing the custom integrated circuit used in their System 21 small computer system announced in 1968. By the late 1960s, designers were striving to integrate the central processing unit (CPU) functions of a computer onto a handful of very-large-scale integration metal-oxide semiconductor chips, called microprocessor unit (MPU) chipsets. Building on an earlier Busicom design from 1969, Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor, the 4-bit Intel 4004, in 1971, followed by its 8-bit microprocessor 8008 in 1972. In 1969, Lee Boysel, based on b8-bit arithmetic logic units (3800/3804)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "261707", "score": "1.1270487", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "4 MHz were very common at this time, limited largely by the speed of the switching devices they were built with. The design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices. The first such improvement came with the advent of the transistor. Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky, unreliable and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and relays. With this improvement more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several printed circuit boards containing discrete (individual) components. In 1964, IBM introduced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61962", "score": "1.1267829", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "the course of their history, but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged. Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory) and execution of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components. Most modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning they are contained on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory, peripheral interfaces, and other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61954", "score": "1.1155955", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of science and technology in Japan", "text": "the first general-purpose microprocessor. The 8-bit Intel 8080 was designed by Federico Faggin and Masatoshi Shima. Shima was employed to implement the transistor-level logic of the 8080. In 1975, Shima joined Zilog, where he designed the Zilog Z80 released in 1976 and the Zilog Z8000 released in 1979. After returning to Japan, Shima founded the Intel Japan Design Center in 1980 and VM Technology Corporation in 1986. At VM, he developed the 16-bit microprocessor VM860 and 32-bit microprocessor VM 8600 for the Japanese word processor market. He became a professor at the University of Aizu in 2000. In 1975, Panafacom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20169787", "score": "1.1128969", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "types, with each IC containing roughly 1000 MOSFETs. In stark contrast with its SSI and MSI predecessors, the first LSI implementation of the PDP-11 contained a CPU composed of only four LSI integrated circuits. Since the introduction of the first commercially available microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1970, and the first widely used microprocessor, the Intel 8080 in 1974, this class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other central processing unit implementation methods. Mainframe and minicomputer manufacturers of the time launched proprietary IC development programs to upgrade their older computer architectures, and eventually produced instruction set compatible microprocessors that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61969", "score": "1.1087699", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "CP-823/U", "text": "Navy designated CP-823/U, was a digital electronic computing machine which received problems and data and processed answers in numerical form. It used parallel binary arithmetic and logic operations; word length was 30 bits. All of the Central Processor (C.P.) logic and I/O logic control was microelectronic circuitry, constructed of integrated, monolithic semiconductor elements (resistors, diodes and transistors contained within a single chip of silicon). Logic cards that were not microelectronic are the Master Clock cards in the C.P and the Input amplifier and output data driver cards in the I/O units. In the A-NEW integrated system, the CP-823/U airborne digital", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15067734", "score": "1.1072394", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Hollerith Electronic Computer", "text": "Hollerith Electronic Computer The Hollerith Electronic Computer (HEC) was produced by the British Tabulating Machine Company (BTM) and was based on a design by Professor Andrew Booth of Birkbeck College, London. It was Britain’s first mass-produced business computer. The prototype first worked at the end of 1951. In 1950 John Womersley, who had previously led the team developing the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), joined the Unit record equipment company, BTM. He recognised that there was a need for smaller inexpensive computers and recruited Andrew Booth as a consultant to develop such as machine. Booth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19430006", "score": "1.1035572", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "History of computing hardware", "text": "8800. In April 1975 at the Hannover Fair, Olivetti presented the P6060, the world's first complete, pre-assembled personal computer system. The central processing unit consisted of two cards, code named PUCE1 and PUCE2, and unlike most other personal computers was built with TTL components rather than a microprocessor. It had one or two 8\" floppy disk drives, a 32-character plasma display, 80-column graphical thermal printer, 48 Kbytes of RAM, and BASIC language. It weighed . As a complete system, this was a significant step from the Altair, though it never achieved the same success. It was in competition with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "176920", "score": "1.1032705", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "IC CPUs were in heavy usage, new high-performance designs like SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) vector processors began to appear. These early experimental designs later gave rise to the era of specialized supercomputers like those made by Cray Inc and Fujitsu Ltd. During this period, a method of manufacturing many interconnected transistors in a compact space was developed. The integrated circuit (IC) allowed a large number of transistors to be manufactured on a single semiconductor-based die, or \"chip\". At first, only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates were miniaturized into ICs. CPUs based on these \"building block\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61965", "score": "1.1013706", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Daniel Meyer (engineer)", "text": "based on the Motorola 6809 processor. These systems were produced until the mid-1980s. By then, the IBM PC was dominating the personal computer world and SWTPC shifted to point of sale (POS) systems. Daniel Meyer (engineer) Daniel Meyer (February 6, 1932 – May 16, 1998) was the founder and president Southwest Technical Products Corporation. He was born in New Braunfels, Texas and raised in San Marcos, Texas where he earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics in 1957 from Southwest Texas State. After college he married Helen Wentz, moved to San Antonio and became a research engineer in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6569081", "score": "1.0997764", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in electronic devices ranging from automobiles to cellphones, and sometimes even in toys. While von Neumann is most often credited with the design of the stored-program computer because of his design of EDVAC, and the design became known as the von Neumann architecture, others before him, such as Konrad Zuse, had suggested and implemented similar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61959", "score": "1.0961342", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "NEC", "text": "In 1974, the ACOS series computer was introduced. The New Central Research Laboratories were completed in 1975. In 1977, Japan's National Space Development Agency launched the NEC geostationary meteorological satellite, named Himawari. During this period NEC introduced the concept of \"C&C\", the integration of computers and communications. NEC America Inc. opened a plant in Dallas, Texas to manufacture PABX and telephone systems in 1978. They also acquired Electronic Arrays, Inc. of California the same year to start semiconductor chip production in the United States. In 1980, NEC created the first digital signal processor, the NEC µPD7710. NEC Semiconductors (UK) Ltd.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356942", "score": "1.0925848", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Amdahl Corporation", "text": "micro-coaxial cables that interconnected the system components. A conventional backplane was not used in the central processing units. The card columns held at least three cards per side (two per column in rare exceptions, such as the processor's \"C-Unit\"). Each column had two large \"Tarzan\" fans (a \"pusher\" and a \"puller\") to move the considerable amount of air needed to cool the chips. Additional models of Amdahl uniprocessor systems included the 470V/5, /7 and /8 systems. The 470V/8, first shipped in 1980, incorporated high speed 64 KB cache memories to improve performance, and the first real hardware-based virtualization (known as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2684989", "score": "1.0922143", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Charles P. Thacker", "text": "B.S. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1967. He then joined the university's \"Project Genie\" in 1968, which developed the pioneering Berkeley Timesharing System on the SDS 940. Butler Lampson, Thacker, and others then left to form the Berkeley Computer Corporation, where Thacker designed the processor and memory system. While BCC was not commercially successful, this group became the core technologists in the Computer Systems Laboratory at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Thacker worked in the 1970s and 1980s at the PARC, where he served as project leader of the Xerox Alto personal computer system, was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4966085", "score": "1.0881952", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "PIC microcontrollers", "text": "The original PIC was intended to be used with General Instrument's new CP1600 16-bit central processing unit (CPU). Whilst most people considered the CP1600 a good CPU, it had poor I/O performance, and the 8-bit PIC was developed in 1975 to improve performance of the overall system by offloading I/O tasks from the CPU. The PIC used simple microcode stored in ROM to perform its tasks, and although the term RISC was not used at the time, it shares some common features with RISC designs. In 1985, General Instrument sold their microelectronics division and the new owners cancelled almost everything", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551108", "score": "1.0878603", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Processor Technology", "text": "Processor Technology Processor Technology Corporation was a personal computer company founded in April 1975 by Gary Ingram and Bob Marsh in Berkeley, California. Their first product was a 4K byte RAM board that was compatible with the MITS Altair 8800 computer but more reliable than the MITS board. This was followed by a series of memory and I/O boards including a video display module. Popular Electronics magazine wanted a feature article on an intelligent computer terminal and Technical Editor Les Solomon asked Marsh and Lee Felsenstein to design one. It was featured on the July 1976 cover and became the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7282228", "score": "1.0877812", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "History of Digital Equipment Corporation", "text": "II\". In August 1959, Ben Gurley started design of the company's first computer, the PDP-1. In keeping with Doriot's instructions, the name was an initialism for \"Programmable Data Processor\", leaving off the term \"computer\". As Gurley put it, \"We aren't building computers, we're building 'Programmable Data Processors'.\" The prototype was first shown publicly at the Joint Computer Conference in Boston in December 1959. The first PDP-1 was delivered to Bolt, Beranek and Newman in November 1960, and formally accepted the next April. The PDP-1 sold in basic form for $120,000, or about $900,000 in 2011 US dollars. By the time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19702843", "score": "1.0876061", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "History of video games", "text": "early 1950s that processed commands in real time and incorporated a faster and more reliable form of random access memory (RAM) based around magnetic cores. Based on this work, two employees at the lab named Ken Olsen and Wes Clark developed a prototype real time computer called the TX-0 that incorporated the recently invented transistor, which ultimately allowed the size and cost of computers to be significantly reduced. Olsen subsequently established the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) with Harlan Anderson in 1957 and developed a commercial update of the TX-0 called the PDP-1. Lincoln Laboratory donated the TX-0 to MIT in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "443391", "score": "1.0866276", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "1965, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) introduced another influential computer aimed at the scientific and research markets, the PDP-8. Transistor-based computers had several distinct advantages over their predecessors. Aside from facilitating increased reliability and lower power consumption, transistors also allowed CPUs to operate at much higher speeds because of the short switching time of a transistor in comparison to a tube or relay. The increased reliability and dramatically increased speed of the switching elements (which were almost exclusively transistors by this time), CPU clock rates in the tens of megahertz were easily obtained during this period. Additionally while discrete transistor and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "61964", "score": "1.0855184", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Personal computer", "text": "processor. A seminal step in personal computing was the 1973 Xerox Alto, developed at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). It had a graphical user interface (GUI) which later served as inspiration for Apple's Macintosh, and Microsoft's Windows operating system. The Alto was a demonstration project, not commercialized, as the parts were too expensive to be affordable. Also in 1973 Hewlett Packard introduced fully BASIC programmable microcomputers that fit entirely on top of a desk, including a keyboard, a small one-line display, and printer. The Wang 2200 microcomputer of 1973 had a full-size cathode ray tube (CRT) and cassette tape", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12211847", "score": "1.0845826", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Personal computer", "text": "processing unit (CPU) is a part of a computer that executes instructions of a software program. In newer PCs, the CPU contains over a million transistors in one integrated circuit chip called the microprocessor. In most cases, the processor plugs directly into the motherboard. The processor chip may have a heat sink and a fan attached for cooling. A large number of computers today are suited to run an x86-compatible microprocessor manufactured by Intel, AMD, or VIA Technologies. The motherboard, also referred to as system board or main board, is the primary circuit board within a personal computer, and other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12211880", "score": "1.0837284", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "ICL Distributed Array Processor", "text": "ICL Distributed Array Processor The Distributed Array Processor (DAP) produced by International Computers Limited (ICL) was the world's first commercial massively parallel computer. The original paper study was complete in 1972 and building of the prototype began in 1974. The first machine was delivered to Queen Mary College in 1979. The initial 'Pilot DAP' was designed and implemented by Dr Stewart F Reddaway with the aid of David J Hunt and Peter M Flanders at the ICL Stevenage Labs. Their manager and a major contributor was John K Iliffe who had designed the Basic Language Machine - he is well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4288886", "score": "1.0829794", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Acorn Computers", "text": "of the Mk 14, Hermann Hauser, a friend of Curry's, had been visiting SoC's offices and had grown interested in the product. Curry and Hauser decided to pursue their joint interest in microcomputers and, on 5 December 1978, they set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd. (CPU) as the vehicle with which to do this. CPU soon obtained a consultancy contract to develop a microprocessor-based controller for a fruit machine for Ace Coin Equipment (ACE) of Wales. The ACE project was started at office space obtained at 4a Market Hill in Cambridge. Initially, the ACE controller was based on a National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "672255", "score": "1.0825195", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of general-purpose CPUs", "text": "and μPD708, a two-chip 4-bit CPU, in 1971. They were followed by NEC's first single-chip microprocessor, the μPD700, in April 1972. It was a prototype for the μCOM-4 (μPD751), released in April 1973, combining the μPD707 and μPD708 into a single microprocessor. In 1973, Toshiba released the TLCS-12, the first 12-bit microprocessor. The first commercial microprocessor, the binary coded decimal (BCD) based Intel 4004, was released by Busicom and Intel in 1971. In March 1972, Intel introduced a microprocessor with an 8-bit architecture, the 8008, an integrated pMOS logic re-implementation of the transistor–transistor logic (TTL) based Datapoint 2200 CPU. 4004", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9716632", "score": "1.0802073", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of electronic engineering", "text": "capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers ranging from a netbook to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity. In 1969, Ted Hoff conceived the commercial microprocessor at Intel and thus ignited the development of the personal computer. Hoff's invention was part of an order by a Japanese company for a desktop programmable electronic calculator, which Hoff wanted to build as cheaply as possible. The first realization of the microprocessor was the Intel 4004, a 4-bit processor, in 1969, but only in 1973", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16369147", "score": "1.0783926", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Central processing unit", "long_answer": "The idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. It was the outline of a stored-program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949. EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types. Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high-speed computer memory rather than specified by the physical wiring of the computer. This overcame a severe limitation of ENIAC, which was the considerable time and effort required to reconfigure the computer to perform a new task. With von Neumann's design, the program that EDVAC ran could be changed simply by changing the contents of the memory. EDVAC, however, was not the first stored-program computer; the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, a small prototype stored-program computer, ran its first program on 21 June 1948 and the Manchester Mark 1 ran its first program during the night of 16–17 June 1949.", "chunked_long_answer": "The idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. It was the outline of a stored-program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949. EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types. Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high-speed computer", "short_answers": [ "John von Neumann" ] }

[ "the hydrological cycle", "the hydrologic cycle", "hydrologic cycle", "hydrological cycle" ]

[ { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "through processes including erosion and sedimentation. The water cycle is also essential for the maintenance of most life and ecosystems on the planet. The sun, which drives the water cycle, heats water in oceans and seas. Water evaporates as water vapor into the air. Some ice and snow sublimates directly into water vapor. Evapotranspiration is water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil. The water molecule has smaller molecular mass than the major components of the atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen, and , hence is less dense. Due to the significant difference in density, buoyancy drives humid air higher. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626564", "score": "0.9382153", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "the water in rivers has its origin under the earth. Examples of this belief can be found in the works of Homer (circa 800 BCE). In the ancient near east, Hebrew scholars observed that even though the rivers ran into the sea, the sea never became full. Some scholars conclude that the water cycle was described completely during this time in this passage: \"The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to its circuits. All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626580", "score": "0.93014616", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Hydrosphere", "text": "Approximately 71% of Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million square kilometers (139.5 million square miles), is covered by ocean. The average salinity of Earth's oceans is about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of sea water (3.5%). The water cycle refers to the transfer of water from one state or reservoir to another. Reservoirs include atmospheric moisture (snow, rain and clouds), streams, oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, subterranean aquifers, polar ice caps and saturated soil. Solar energy, in the form of heat and light (insolation), and gravity cause the transfer from one state to another over periods from hours", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1294138", "score": "0.89342976", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "were speculating that much of the water in rivers can be attributed to rain. The origin of rain was also known by then. These scholars maintained the belief, however, that water rising up through the earth contributed a great deal to rivers. Examples of this thinking included Anaximander (570 BCE) (who also speculated about the evolution of land animals from fish) and Xenophanes of Colophon (530 BCE). Chinese scholars such as Chi Ni Tzu (320 BCE) and Lu Shih Ch'un Ch'iu (239 BCE) had similar thoughts. The idea that the water cycle is a closed cycle can be found in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626583", "score": "0.8877642", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hydrology", "text": "and especially geographic information systems (GIS). (See also GIS and hydrology) The central theme of hydrology is that water circulates throughout the Earth through different pathways and at different rates. The most vivid image of this is in the evaporation of water from the ocean, which forms clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain. The rainwater flows into lakes, rivers, or aquifers. The water in lakes, rivers, and aquifers then either evaporates back to the atmosphere or eventually flows back to the ocean, completing a cycle. Water changes its state of being several times throughout this cycle.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "174820", "score": "0.8782477", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "water were to leave (or how long it would take the reservoir to empty from full if no water were to enter). An alternative method to estimate residence times, which is gaining in popularity for dating groundwater, is the use of isotopic techniques. This is done in the subfield of isotope hydrology. The water cycle describes the processes that drive the movement of water throughout the hydrosphere. However, much more water is \"in storage\" for long periods of time than is actually moving through the cycle. The storehouses for the vast majority of all water on Earth are the oceans.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626570", "score": "0.87818056", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "the greenhouse effect would lead to a much higher surface temperature of , and a warmer planet. Aquifer drawdown or overdrafting and the pumping of fossil water increases the total amount of water in the hydrosphere, and has been postulated to be a contributor to sea-level rise. While the water cycle is itself a biogeochemical cycle, flow of water over and beneath the Earth is a key component of the cycling of other biogeochemicals. Runoff is responsible for almost all of the transport of eroded sediment and phosphorus from land to waterbodies. The salinity of the oceans is derived from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626577", "score": "0.87586075", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid (ice) and vapor. The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. When it condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment. These heat exchanges influence climate. The evaporative phase of the cycle purifies water which then replenishes the land with freshwater. The flow of liquid water and ice transports minerals across the globe. It is also involved in reshaping the geological features of the Earth,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626563", "score": "0.87135845", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Properties of water", "text": "by the IUPAC as being unsuitable for this purpose, since it is already the name of a cyclic ether also known as tetrahydropyran. The simplest systematic name of water is \"hydrogen oxide\". This is analogous to related compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and deuterium oxide (heavy water). Using chemical nomenclature for type I ionic binary compounds, water would take the name \"hydrogen monoxide\" , but this is not among the names published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Another name is \"dihydrogen monoxide\", which is a rarely used name of water, and mostly used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13701564", "score": "0.8667964", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "the works of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (460 BCE) and Diogenes of Apollonia (460 BCE). Both Plato (390 BCE) and Aristotle (350 BCE) speculated about percolation as part of the water cycle. Up to the time of the Renaissance, it was thought that precipitation alone was insufficient to feed rivers, for a complete water cycle, and that underground water pushing upwards from the oceans were the main contributors to river water. Bartholomew of England held this view (1240 CE), as did Leonardo da Vinci (1500 CE) and Athanasius Kircher (1644 CE). The first published thinker to assert that rainfall alone was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626584", "score": "0.8628374", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "(\"see adjacent table\"). It is a measure of the average age of the water in that reservoir. Groundwater can spend over 10,000 years beneath Earth's surface before leaving. Particularly old groundwater is called fossil water. Water stored in the soil remains there very briefly, because it is spread thinly across the Earth, and is readily lost by evaporation, transpiration, stream flow, or groundwater recharge. After evaporating, the residence time in the atmosphere is about 9 days before condensing and falling to the Earth as precipitation. The major ice sheets – Antarctica and Greenland – store ice for very long periods.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626568", "score": "0.86089295", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Water", "text": "Earth. The study of the distribution of water is hydrography. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, of glaciers is glaciology, of inland waters is limnology and distribution of oceans is oceanography. Ecological processes with hydrology are in focus of ecohydrology. The collective mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet is called the hydrosphere. Earth's approximate water volume (the total water supply of the world) is . Liquid water is found in bodies of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, river, stream, canal, pond, or puddle. The majority of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "462217", "score": "0.8570589", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sea", "text": "British author Arthur C. Clarke once noted that \"Earth\" would have been better named \"Ocean\". The scientific study of water and Earth's water cycle is hydrology; hydrodynamics studies the physics of water in motion. The more recent study of the sea in particular is oceanography. This began as the study of the shape of the ocean's currents but has since expanded into a large and multidisciplinary field: it examines the properties of seawater; studies waves, tides, and currents; charts coastlines and maps the seabeds; and studies marine life. The subfield dealing with the sea's motion, its forces, and the forces", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12323863", "score": "0.84368265", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Hydrology", "text": "Hydrology Hydrology (from Greek: ὕδωρ, \"hýdōr\" meaning \"water\"; and λόγος, \"lógos\" meaning \"study\") is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of earth or environmental science, physical geography, geology or civil and environmental engineering. Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques, they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as environmental preservation, natural disasters, and water management. Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "174815", "score": "0.8372972", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Water", "text": "Water Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Its chemical formula is HO, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is the name of the liquid state of HO at standard ambient temperature and pressure. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "462201", "score": "0.82386947", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sex effects of water pollution", "text": "the environment. Therefore, the tainted source is recycled through a community, exposing more people and releasing more chemicals along the way. A second source of circulation is water as it follows its natural path through the water cycle. The water cycle, put simply, represents the path that water takes as it circulates around planet earth. It follows a series of stages in which the water changes state multiple times until it finally falls back to earth where it will once again be circulated. In the water cycle, both organic and inorganic pollutants are biodegraded or filtered out whereas they no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16463295", "score": "0.8210311", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "caps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain, where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with streamflow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff and water emerging from the ground (groundwater) may be stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers, much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which can store freshwater for long periods of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626566", "score": "0.8156424", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Earth", "text": "uplift of warm, humid air, this water condenses and falls to the surface as precipitation. Most of the water is then transported to lower elevations by river systems and usually returned to the oceans or deposited into lakes. This water cycle is a vital mechanism for supporting life on land and is a primary factor in the erosion of surface features over geological periods. Precipitation patterns vary widely, ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter. Atmospheric circulation, topographic features, and temperature differences determine the average precipitation that falls in each region. The amount of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111096", "score": "0.81512564", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Water balance", "text": "Monthly water balance models had been studied since the 1940s. Several diagnostic measures in hydrology can be used to select and evaluate the performance of water balance models. Water balance In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can be one of several hydrological domains, such as a column of soil or a drainage basin. Water balance can also refer to the ways in which an organism maintains water in dry or hot conditions. It is often discussed in reference to plants or arthropods, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7519942", "score": "0.8144877", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Properties of water", "text": "in the dihydrogen monoxide hoax. Other systematic names for water include \"hydroxic acid\", \"hydroxylic acid\", and \"hydrogen hydroxide\", using acid and base names. None of these exotic names are used widely. The polarized form of the water molecule, , is also called hydron hydroxide by IUPAC nomenclature. \"Water substance\" is a term used for hydrogen oxide (HO) when one does not wish to specify whether one is speaking of liquid water, steam, some form of ice, or a component in a mixture or mineral. Properties of water Water () is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13701565", "score": "0.8143277", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Water", "text": "is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. This occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. Some runoff water is trapped for periods of time, for example in lakes. At high altitude, during winter, and in the far north and south, snow collects in ice caps, snow packs and glaciers. Water also infiltrates the ground and goes into aquifers. This groundwater later flows back to the surface in springs, or more spectacularly in hot springs and geysers. Groundwater is also extracted artificially in wells. This water storage is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "462222", "score": "0.8115351", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "The hydrodynamic wind within the upper portion of a planet's atmosphere allows light chemical elements such as Hydrogen to move up to the exobase, the lower limit of the exosphere, where the gases can then reach escape velocity, entering outer space without impacting other particles of gas. This type of gas loss from a planet into space is known as planetary wind. Planets with hot lower atmospheres could result in humid upper atmospheres that accelerate the loss of hydrogen. In ancient times, it was widely thought that the land mass floated on a body of water, and that most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1626579", "score": "0.8093413", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Water (classical element)", "text": "and its alchemical symbol was a downward-pointing triangle. Ap (') is the Vedic Sanskrit term for water, in Classical Sanskrit occurring only in the plural is not an element.v, ' (sometimes re-analysed as a thematic singular, '), whence Hindi '. The term is from PIE \"hap\" water. In Hindu philosophy, the term refers to water as an element, one of the \"Panchamahabhuta,\" or \"five great elements\". In Hinduism, it is also the name of the deva, a personification of water, (one of the Vasus in most later Puranic lists). The element water is also associated with Chandra or the moon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "78572", "score": "0.8092689", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Water vapor", "text": "for the process of water vapor in the water cycle. Energy input, such as sunlight, can trigger more evaporation on an ocean surface or more sublimation on a chunk of ice on top of a mountain. The \"balance\" between condensation and evaporation gives the quantity called vapor partial pressure. The maximum partial pressure (\"saturation pressure\") of water vapor in air varies with temperature of the air and water vapor mixture. A variety of empirical formulas exist for this quantity; the most used reference formula is the Goff-Gratch equation for the SVP over liquid water below zero degree Celsius: The formula", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "902684", "score": "0.8090073", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Water distribution on Earth", "text": "than different hydrology. These include: It is estimated an additional 1.5 to eleven times the amount of water in the oceans is contained in the Earth's interior, and some scientists have hypothesized that the water in the mantle is part of a \"whole-Earth water cycle\". The water in the mantle is dissolved in various minerals near the transition zone between Earth's upper and lower mantle. At temperatures of and extreme pressures found deep underground, water breaks down into hydroxyls and oxygen. The existence of water was experimentally predicted in 2002, and direct evidence of the water was found in 2014", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8440988", "score": "0.80370647", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Thermocline", "text": "deeper water with a thermocline separating them. The warm layer is called the epilimnion and the cold layer is called the hypolimnion. Because the warm water is exposed to the sun during the day, a stable system exists and very little mixing of warm water and cold water occurs, particularly in calm weather. One result of this stability is that as the summer wears on, there is less and less oxygen below the thermocline as the water below the thermocline never circulates to the surface and organisms in the water deplete the available oxygen. As winter approaches, the temperature of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3040366", "score": "0.80362093", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Water", "text": "substance. Water Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Its chemical formula is HO, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is the name of the liquid state of HO at standard ambient temperature and pressure. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "462283", "score": "0.7944503", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Nutrient cycle", "text": "relating to the process of nutrient cycling appear throughout history: Water is also a nutrient. In this context, some authors also refer to precipitation recycling, which \"is the contribution of evaporation within a region to precipitation in that same region.\" These variations on the theme of nutrient cycling continue to be used and all refer to processes that are part of the global biogeochemical cycles. However, authors tend to refer to natural, organic, ecological, or bio-recycling in reference to the work of nature, such as it is used in organic farming or ecological agricultural systems. An endless stream of technological", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15687217", "score": "0.79437125", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Chemical cycling", "text": "the lithosphere are known as geochemical cycles. Ongoing geochemical cycles are one of the main attributes of geologically active worlds. A chemical cycle involving a biosphere is known as a biogeochemical cycle. In most hydrogen-fusing stars, including the Sun, a chemical cycle involved in stellar nucleosynthesis occurs which is known as a carbon-nitrogen-oxygen or (CNO cycle). In addition to this cycle, stars also have a helium cycle. Various cycles involving gas and dust have been found to occur in galaxies. The majority of known chemical cycles on Venus involve its dense atmosphere and compounds of carbon and sulphur, the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383098", "score": "0.7926276", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

{ "title": "Water cycle", "long_answer": "The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid (ice) and vapor.", "chunked_long_answer": "The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff,", "short_answers": [ "hydrologic cycle", "hydrological cycle", "the hydrologic cycle", "the hydrological cycle" ] }

[ "altitude" ]

[ { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Environmental issues in Venezuela", "text": "Environmental issues in Venezuela Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. Venezuela ranks among the top 10 of the world's most ecologically diverse countries. However, it has suffered great environmental degradation. It has the third-highest deforestation rate in South America, at 2.1 percent. The Guri Dam, one of the world's largest, flooded a massive forested area and is now being filled with silt deposited by runoff from deforested areas. Environmental issues include sewage pollution into Valencia Lake, oil and urban pollution of Maracaibo Lake, deforestation, soil degradation, and urban and industrial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7273718", "score": "1.0715643", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Climate change and agriculture", "text": "2055 maize in eastern Brazil will have moderate changes while Venezuela is expected to have drastic decreases. Suggested potential adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of global warming on agriculture in Latin America include using plant breeding technologies and installing irrigation infrastructure. Several studies that investigated the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Latin America suggest that in the poorer countries of Latin America, agriculture composes the most important economic sector and the primary form of sustenance for small farmers. Maize is the only grain still produced as a sustenance crop on small farms in Latin American nations. Scholars", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "719588", "score": "1.0655253", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Environmental issues in Venezuela", "text": "to the Pao-Cachinche dam. It installed a pumping plant in Los Guayos to do this. Environmental issues in Venezuela Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. Venezuela ranks among the top 10 of the world's most ecologically diverse countries. However, it has suffered great environmental degradation. It has the third-highest deforestation rate in South America, at 2.1 percent. The Guri Dam, one of the world's largest, flooded a massive forested area and is now being filled with silt deposited by runoff from deforested areas. Environmental issues include sewage pollution into Valencia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7273723", "score": "1.041865", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Mérida, Mérida", "text": "although not cool enough to be considered as temperate. Though the emission greenhouse gases has caused a rise in temperatures, this has been less, in relative terms, than in other important cities in Venezuela, with readings that vary between 19 °C and , with an overall average of . Precipitation is heavy during the rainy season, from April to November, though the city does receive more sunshine than most cities in the Colombian Andes, since the valley is too narrow for fog to accumulate. Venezuela is situated in an inter-tropical zone, so that there is very little temperature variance over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10709904", "score": "1.0407944", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "plains and islands; it comprises almost all the country. This climate zone is present in cities like Maracaibo, Punto Fijo, Ciudad Guayana, Porlamar, Puerto La Cruz, Barinas, Tucupita, Cumaná, Maturin, Anaco, Ciudad Bolívar, Cabimas, El Vigía and others. Warm climate can be found between 300 and 650 m. It's characterized by temperatures from to and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 – 700 mm) to pluvial (more than 3300 mm) conditions. This climate can be found in lower foothills and plateaus in the Guiana Highlands, Venezuelan Coastal Range, Coro region and Venezuelan Andes. Cities which have this climate zone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367737", "score": "1.0293633", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "Humboldt have their glaciers preserved, while the other peaks are exposed to nival zone conditions. According to the Köppen climate classification, Venezuela's climate types are: It's the most prevalent and characteristic climate of the country. Maintaining temperatures above and rainfall in most of the year: It can be found throughout the country, dominating Los Llanos and north of the Guayana Region, as well as some parts of the country. It's dry between December and March with an annual rainfall between 600 and 1,500 mm. It is located in the Guayana Region, Orinoco Delta, west of Zulia, Andean and Coastal range", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367742", "score": "1.0238981", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Venezuela", "text": "lower in the period from August through April. These periods are referred to as hot-humid and cold-dry seasons. Another characteristic of the climate is this variation throughout the country by the existence of a mountain range called \"Cordillera de la Costa\" which crosses the country from east to west. The majority of the population lives in these mountains. The country falls into four horizontal temperature zones based primarily on elevation, having tropical, dry, temperate with dry winters, and polar (alpine tundra) climates, amongst others. In the tropical zone—below —temperatures are hot, with yearly averages ranging between . The temperate zone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "442809", "score": "1.0217828", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Orinoco Basin", "text": "limited annual amplitude (about 3°C or less), although their daily amplitude is much higher and around 10°C. Rainfall is high, especially in Venezuelan Guayana, where it reaches very high values (4000 mm or more) in some fairly extensive areas. In Los Llanos, rainfall is much lower (1500 to 2000 mm, with an elevation of this amount towards the foothills of the Andes) and gives rise to the presence of savanna vegetation, with gallery forests next to the rivers, and in the Andean piedmont, tropophile forests, which lose much of their leaves during the dry season. The climate chart of Ciudad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20217971", "score": "1.0192783", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "the Cordillera de Mérida and Sierra de Perija, the highest areas of Venezuelan coastal range, and the top of the highest Guiana Highlands Tepuis. This climate doesn't tend to has a dry season. It can be found at tepuis with temperate and pluvial conditions such as Chimantá Massif, Duida–Marahuaca Massif and Neblina–Aracamuni Massif. It's characterized by average temperatures below 10 °C in all 12 months of the year: Also known as páramo climate, this climate often undergo a sudden and drastic change in daily-weather in which they fluctuate between temperatures from below freezing to as high as 20 °C. Mean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367745", "score": "1.0055431", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "as Mérida, Caracas, Los Teques and San Cristobal have cooler climates, and the highest towns of Mucuchies and Apartaderos have cold (tundra) climates. The hottest part of Venezuela is the northwest (Paraguana Peninsula and Guajira Peninsula), where temperatures of more than are frequently recorded. The coldest part in the country are located in the highest areas of the Cordillera de Mérida, where temperatures lower than are recorded. The Venezuelan Coastal Range and Guiana Highlands have average temperatures from to , while Los Llanos average temperature is over . The highest temperature recorded was in Machiques, and the lowest temperature recorded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367735", "score": "1.0032034", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "foothills, Paria Peninsula and Barlovento region; with rainfall between 1,600 and 2,500 mm per year and a drought of just 45 days. It's located south of Venezuela, Orinoco Delta, El Tamá area in west of Venezuela, and south of Maracaibo Lake. Rainfall exceeds 2,500 mm, not tending dry season. This type of climate the evaporation exceeds precipitation. In Venezuela is typical of desert and arid coastal areas and with annual temperatures above 18 °C. The cold semiarid type can be found at elevated portions of the Andes. It can be found in Guajira Peninsula, Paraguana Peninsula, Araya Peninsula and most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367743", "score": "0.9994136", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Maracaibo", "text": "5–10 cases per 100,000 persons. One of the highest incidences is in the isolated populations of the Lake Maracaibo region of Venezuela, where HD affects up to 700 per 100,000 persons. The Maracaibo Municipality is currently divided into 18 parishes, which are Maracaibo is one of the hottest cities of Venezuela. The rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta gives the city a semiarid climate (Köppen: \"BSh\") attenuated only by the moderating influence of the lake; Maracaibo’s average historical temperature is . In the past, the climate of the city, indeed all along the coast of Lake Maracaibo,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1851281", "score": "0.99288154", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "are Barquisimeto, Maracay, Valencia, Guarenas-Guatire, San Juan de Los Morros, Charallave, Valera, Barinitas, San Antonio del Táchira, Quibor and others. This climate features temperatures between to and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 – 700 mm) to pluvial (more than 3300 mm) conditions. It can be found in the country's mountainous areas between 650 and 1,350-1,600 m This climate zone is present in cities like Mérida, San Cristóbal, Caracas, Sanare, Villa de Cura, Ejido, Trujillo, Escuque, Rubio, Tovar, Boconó, Duaca, Bejuma, Los Teques, Nirgua, Santa Elena de Uairen, among others. Mild or Temperate climate can be found in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367738", "score": "0.9908774", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Climate change opinion by country", "text": "personally. When looked at more specifically, Mexico and Central America are the most worried at 81.5% believing that climate change is a very serious issue. South America is slightly less anxious at 75% and the Caribbean, at the relatively high rate of 66.7%, is the least concerned. Brazil is an important country in global climate change politics because it is the eleventh largest emitter and unlike other large emitter countries, 86% consider global warming to be a very serious problem. Compared to the rest of the world, Latin America is more consistently concerned with high percentages of the population worried", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14196926", "score": "0.99048066", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "mountainous areas between 1,350-1,600 to 2,400 m. It features temperatures around to and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 – 700 mm) to pluvial (more than 3300 mm) conditions. This climate zone is present in cities like Mérida (higher part), Colonia Tovar, San Antonio de Los Altos, El Jarillo, El Junquito, Galipan, Timotes, La Grita, Tabay, La Mucuy and others; most of the top of the tepuis also present this climate. This climate is characterized by temperatures above and below , with precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 – 700 mm) to pluvial (more than 3300 mm) conditions.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367739", "score": "0.98944926", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "This climate can be found in mountainous areas around 2,400 to 3,200 m specifically in Sierra de Perija, Cordillera de Mérida, higher elevations at Venezuelan Coastal Range and higher tepuis (Monte Roraima, Kukenan, Cerro Marahuaca, Chimantá Massif). This climate zone is present in towns like Mucuchíes, Chachopo and Los Nevados. This climate can be found in the Venezuelan Andes area, between 3,200 and 4,150 m. It's characterized by temperatures from to and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 – 700 mm) to rainy (1800–2500 mm) conditions. This climate zone is present in towns like Apartaderos and Llano del Hato.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367740", "score": "0.98793465", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Environmental issues in Venezuela", "text": "pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast. Current concerns also include irresponsible mining operations that endanger the rain-forest ecosystem and indigenous peoples. Successive governments have attempted to develop environmental regulations. However, only 35 to 40 percent of Venezuela's land is regulated thus far, 29 percent as part of about 100 national parks. Venezuela has ratified 14 international conventions regarding environmental protection and sustainable development, while also taking forward-looking steps internally to protect and preserve the country's natural wealth. Venezuela has 43 national parks and 36 natural monuments, and is the country in Latin America with the largest proportion of protected lands,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7273719", "score": "0.97942793", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Venezuela", "text": "most significant natural resources are petroleum and natural gas, iron ore, gold, and other minerals. It also has large areas of arable land and water. Venezuela is entirely located in the tropics over the Equator to around 12° N. Its climate varies from humid low-elevation plains, where average annual temperatures range as high as , to glaciers and highlands (the \"páramos\") with an average yearly temperature of . Annual rainfall varies from in the semiarid portions of the northwest to over in the Orinoco Delta of the far east and the Amazonian Jungle in the south. The precipitation level is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "442808", "score": "0.97567856", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Geography of Venezuela", "text": "are found in the cool zone between . Pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below cover land above in the high mountain areas known as the páramos. Average yearly rainfall amounts in the lowlands and plains range from a semiarid in the western part of the Caribbean coastal areas to around in the Orinoco Delta. Rainfall in mountainous areas varies considerably; sheltered valleys receive little rain, but slopes exposed to the northeast trade winds experience heavy rainfall. Caracas averages of precipitation annually, more than half of it falling from June to August. The Orinoco is by far the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "444433", "score": "0.97385514", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "The condition of this climate is also known as páramo Frosty climate is found at the highest areas in Venezuelan Andes, between 4,150 and 4,700 m. where the temperatures are between to . This climate zone is present exclusively at Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Sierra de La Culata and Sierra de Santo Domingo. This climate is characterized by average temperatures below all year, it's located in the highest peaks of Venezuela in the Cordillera de Mérida such as Pico Bolívar, Pico Humboldt, Pico La Concha, Pico Bonpland, Pico Espejo, Pico Mucuñuque and Pico Piedras Blancas. Only Pico Bolivar and Pico", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367741", "score": "0.9708854", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Climate change and agriculture", "text": "the total agricultural production in Latin America. In these and other dry regions, maize production is expected to decrease. A study summarizing a number of impact studies of climate change on agriculture in Latin America indicated that wheat is expected to decrease in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Livestock, which is the main agricultural product for parts of Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia is likely to be reduced. Variability in the degree of production decrease among different regions of Latin America is likely. For example, one 2003 study that estimated future maize production in Latin America predicted that by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "719587", "score": "0.97031987", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "annual temperatures range from 2 °C (36 °F) to 10 °C (50 °F). It is located above the 3,000 m in the Sierra de Perija and Cordillera de Mérida. This climate is reserved to the highest peaks of the Venezuelan Andes, such as Pico Bolívar, Pico Humboldt, Pico La Concha, Pico Bonpland and Pico Espejo, where the annual temperature is below 0 °C. Most of these peaks are free-glaciated but frequently covered by snow during the rainy season. Glaciers in Venezuelan Andes began retreating in the 20th century due to global warming and the currently existing in Pico Bolívar and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12367746", "score": "0.96633923", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Caribbean", "text": "the extreme southern coast of Venezuela out to the islands including Aruba and Curacao, as well as the northern tip of Yucatan. While the region generally is sunny much of the year, the wet season from May through November sees more frequent cloud cover (both broken and overcast), while the dry season from December through April is more often clear to mostly sunny. Seasonal rainfall is divided into 'dry' and 'wet' seasons, with the latter six months of the year being wetter than the first half. The air temperature is hot much of the year, varying from 25 to 33", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12368023", "score": "0.9641118", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Geography of Venezuela", "text": "the elevation, topography, and the direction and intensity of prevailing winds. Seasonal variations are marked less by temperature than by rainfall. Most of the country has a distinct rainy season; the rainy period (May through November) is commonly referred to as winter and the remainder of the year as summer. The country falls into four horizontal temperature zones based primarily on elevation. In the tropical zone—below —temperatures are hot, with yearly averages ranging between . The temperate zone ranges between with averages from ; many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region. Colder conditions with temperatures from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "444432", "score": "0.96259236", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Climate change opinion by country", "text": "Survey, some particular countries are more concerned than others. In Uganda 76% of people, 68% in Ghana, 45% in South Africa and 40% in Ethiopia consider climate change to be a very serious problem. Latin America has a larger percentage of people concerned with climate change than other regions of the world. 74% consider climate change to be a serious problem and 77% say that it is harming people now which is 20 points higher than the global median according to the Pew Research Center. 63% of people in Latin America are very concerned that climate change will harm them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14196925", "score": "0.9625899", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Climate change opinion by country", "text": "smallest rates of concern in the world, especially compared to Latin America. Europe and Africa have mixed views on climate change but lean towards action by a significant degree. Europeans focus substantially on climate change when compared to United States residents, which are less concerned than the global median, even as the United States is the second biggest emitter in the world. Droughts/water shortages are one of the biggest fears about the impacts of climate change, especially in Latin America and Africa. Developed countries in Asia have levels of concern about climate change similar to Latin America which has one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14196936", "score": "0.96197855", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Venezuela", "text": "the over 21,000 plant species known from Venezuela are unique to the country. Venezuela is one of the 10 most biodiverse countries on the planet, yet it is one of the leaders of deforestation due to economic and political factors. Each year, roughly 287,600 hectares of forest are permanently destroyed and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction, and logging. Between 1990 and 2005, Venezuela officially lost 8.3% of its forest cover, which is about 4.3 million ha. In response, federal protections for critical habitat were implemented; for example, 20% to 33% of forested land is protected. The country's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "442815", "score": "0.9618289", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Environmental issues in Venezuela", "text": "with over 55 percent of its total territory. (Parks and monuments are only 17 percent of that total; the remaining protected areas are outside those parks and monuments.) The nation was ranked 2nd in South America and 9th on the world at the Happy Planet Index of 2012, with a score of 56.9. Countless sewage systems with not only human waste but also chemicals pour into the sea all along the coast. Several recent oil spills have led to water pollution. In February 2012 a PDVSA pipeline ruptured next to the Guarapiche River and fouled it for many days. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7273720", "score": "0.958892", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Trinidad and Tobago", "text": "single inhabitant released that year 34.2 metric tons of CO2 in the atmosphere. In comparison, the world average was 5.0 tons per capita the same year. The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) has produced an implementation plan for 2011–2021 and carried out work to assess and build capacity in climate change mitigation and resilient development strategies. This work has been supported by the region's specialists, who have produced models for climate change and mitigation processes in Caribbean states. They also play a major advisor role to the divisions in ministries responsible for climate change. The growing frequency and intensity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6788611", "score": "0.94982713", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "long_answer": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors.", "short_answers": [ "altitude" ] }

[ "the German Johannes Gutenberg", "Johannes Gutenberg around 1440", "1440", "Johannes Gutenberg", "around 1440" ]

[ { "title": "Printing press", "text": "The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe. In East Asia, where it was invented, the usefulness of movable type was limited by the complexity of the writing system and, without the hand mould, the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of printing", "text": "some considered his most ingenious invention: a special matrix which enabled the moulding of new movable types with an unprecedented precision at short notice. Within a year of printing the Gutenberg Bible, Gutenberg also published the first coloured prints. The invention of the printing press revolutionized communication and book production, leading to the spread of knowledge. Printing was rapidly spread from Germany by emigrating German printers, but also by foreign apprentices returning home. A printing press was built in Venice in 1469, and by 1500 the city had 417 printers. In 1470 Johann Heynlin set up a printing press in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10163552", "score": "0.9281118", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Henry Denham", "text": "under his name occurs in the Registers on 3 December 1589, after which nothing more is heard of him. Richard Yardley and Peter Short succeeded to the business. Denham invented the rhetorical question mark \"⸮\", which did not become a permanent part of the language. Henry Denham Henry Denham was one of the outstanding English printers of the sixteenth century. He was apprenticed to Richard Tottel and Sir President King Antonio Walters and took up the freedom of the Stationers' Company on 30 August 1560. In 1564 he set up his own printing house in White Cross Street, Cripplegate, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4966703", "score": "0.9120313", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "James Whatman (papermaker)", "text": "James Whatman (papermaker) James Whatman (1702–1759), the Elder, was a paper maker, born in Kent, who made revolutionary advances to the craft in England. He is noted as the inventor of wove paper (or Vélin), an innovation used for high quality art and printing. The techniques continued to be developed by his son, James Whatman the Younger (1741–1798). At a time when the craft was based in smaller paper mills, his innovations led to the large scale and widespread industrialisation of paper manufacturing. Whatman had been approached by John Baskerville, who needed paper that would take a light impression of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15111387", "score": "0.90049535", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "GURPS Infinite Worlds", "text": "the printing press was invented in Baghdad in 796 and was shortly followed by the widespread adaptation of the scientific method and an oil-based industrial revolution. The current year here is 1684, but the technological acceleration stemming from these changes has resulted in a society seemingly centuries ahead of Homeline. Unfortunately a burgeoning global war between the tradition-minded major states (Sofala, Persia, Andalus, the Bulgarian Caliphate and the Ummah) and the technocratic Jamahiriya of the western continents threatens the existence of this advanced society. Named for the early death of influential science fiction editor John W. Campbell which occurred in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5850381", "score": "0.89465386", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Adam d'Ambergau", "text": "Venice at the same time. The name Adam is found repeatedly in the following years: A \"Magister Adamus\" publishes in 1470 \"Augustini Dati elegantiae\" in 4°. Also known are other printers using the names \"Petrus Adamus Mantuanus\", \"Adam Rost\" (Rome, 1471-1475) and \"Adam de Rotwil\" (Aquila, 1482). The common use to only use the first name, sometimes with an added place of birth in Latin, makes it difficult to ascertain the identity of the printers of this time. Adam d'Ambergau Adam d'Ambergau was a German compositor (one who sets words into type for printing) who lived at the end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742896", "score": "0.8919653", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ulrich Zell", "text": "history of the discovery of printing is Zell's statement, preserved in the \"Chronicle of Cologne\" of 1499, that the year 1450 was the date of the beginning of printing, that the country-squire Johann Gutenberg was the inventor of it, and that the first book printed was the Latin Bible, the Vulgate. Ulrich Zell Ulrich Zell (died c.1507) was the first printer in Cologne. Zell was born at Hanau am Main, date unknown. He learned the art of printing before 1462 in the printing establishment of Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, and seems, shortly after the catastrophe of 1462, to have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4846222", "score": "0.8797544", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Richard Arnold (chronicler)", "text": "of the mayors and sheriffs is brought down to 1520 — doubtless the date of publication — is ascribed by typographical experts to Peter Treveris, the first printer who set up a press at Southwark. It is also without date, place, or printer's name. A third edition, with introduction by Francis Douce, appeared in 1811. Copies of the two original editions, which are now of excessive rarity, are in the British Library, and other copies may be found at the Huntington Library, the Folger Shakespeare Library, and other archives. A copy may be viewed through Early English Books On Line", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15156377", "score": "0.87889975", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Johann David Köhler", "text": "Gutenberg as the inventor of the printing press in 1639 (Schmidmaier 2001), but Köhler is said to have authored second and definitive defense (Eck 2000). Köhler's third and most important work within this context is the 1792 \"Anweisung für reisende Gelerte, Bibliothecken, Műnz-Cabinette, Antiquitäten-Zimmer, Bilder-Sale, Naturalien und Kunst-Kammern, u.d.m mit Nutzen zubesehen.\" Finally, Köhler published a scholarly journal on Roman coins and numismatics in general. His son Johann Tobias Köhler continued that interest. This journal is important to library science in that it is among the first true serials ever published. Johann David Köhler Johann David Köhler (18 January 1684", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7220974", "score": "0.87675184", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cai Lun", "text": "the 12th century, it gradually revolutionized the manner in which written communication could be spread from region to region. Along with contact between Arabs and Europeans during the Crusades (with the essential recovery of ancient Greek written classics), the widespread use of paper aided the foundation of the Scholastic Age in Europe. Cai Lun Cai Lun (; ; CE 48– 121), courtesy name Jingzhong (敬仲), was a Chinese eunuch, inventor, and politician of the Han dynasty. He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the papermaking process, in forms recognizable in modern times as paper (as opposed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1267723", "score": "0.87397254", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Haarlem", "text": "This is actually the second and larger statue to him on the square; the original stands behind the city hall in the little garden known as the \"Hortus\" (where today the Stedelijk Gymnasium school is located). Most scholars agree that the scarce evidence seems to point to Johann Gutenberg as the first European inventor of the printing press, but Haarlem children were taught about \"Lau\" as he is known, well into the 20th century. This legend served the printers of Haarlem well, however, and it is probably for that reason the most notable Dutch history books from the Dutch Golden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "729052", "score": "0.8689276", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "William Bowyer (1663–1737)", "text": "the London trade, Bowyer was well on his way to economic recovery. William Bowyer, the son, born in 1699, entered the business as a corrector in June 1722. Father and son worked side-by-side until the former’s death in December 1737 and their publishing house was considered the most learned of its time. Although they published such important, learned works as Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, they also published political pamphlets and advertising bills. The four Bowyer ledgers, kept by father and son, are one of but four printing houses out of the seventy-four master printers in London in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2028293", "score": "0.86587495", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Peter Williamson (memoirist)", "text": "side of the Royal Mile. He taught himself the craft of printing using a portable press purchased in London. He then invented his own portable printing press and travelled to exhibitions and fairs to promote his new product. He also invented waterproof ink for stamping linen which withstood both boiling and bleaching. In 1773 Williamson compiled the first Edinburgh street directory in conjunction with his idea of setting up a regular postal service in the city. This comprised a list of streets and closes with the addresses of lawyers, merchants, officials and other notable gentlemen. Addresses of shops and taverns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16966205", "score": "0.8575715", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Richard Pynson", "text": "usage of devices, title-pages, types, and other technical aspects lend support to the common image of him as a highly skilled craftsman and capable businessman who invented nothing but was quite good at improving upon innovations others had made before. Richard Pynson Richard Pynson (1448 in Normandy – 1529) was one of the first printers of English books. The 500 books he printed were influential in the standardisation of the English language. Pynson, whose books make him technically and typographically the outstanding English printer of his generation, is credited with introducing Roman type to English printing. Pynson was born in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6905905", "score": "0.8571219", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "William Caxton", "text": "and change of language.\") Works published by Caxton from the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress: William Caxton William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books. Neither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1275282", "score": "0.8556076", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of printing", "text": "American colonies in 1638, but died on the voyage, so his widow, Elizabeth Harris Glover, established the printing house, which was run by Stephen Day and became The Cambridge Press. The Gutenberg press was much more efficient than manual copying. It remained largely unchanged in the eras of John Baskerville and Giambattista Bodoni, over 300 years later. By 1800, Lord Stanhope had constructed a press completely from cast iron, reducing the force required by 90% while doubling the size of the printed area. While Stanhope's \"mechanical theory\" had improved the efficiency of the press, it was only capable of 250", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10163554", "score": "0.8551089", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Global spread of the printing press", "text": "Pope Julius II (1503−1512) for distribution among Middle Eastern Christians, and the oldest Qur’an printed with movable type was produced in Venice in 1537/1538 for the Ottoman market. In India, reports are that Jesuits \"presented a polyglot Bible to the Emperor Akbar in 1580 but did not succeed in arousing much curiosity.\" But also practical reasons seem to have played a role. The English East India Company, for example, brought a printer to Surat in 1675, but was not able to cast type in Indian scripts, so the venture failed. North America saw the adoption by the Cherokee Indian Elias", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9039643", "score": "0.85413694", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Johann Fust", "text": "out this creation to people in other countries. Thanks to Fust’s partnership with Schoeffer a whole new generation of printers were brought into the world. The argument remains who is the true father of the printing press. Johann Fust is the name that most people still do not know today. Johann Gutenberg may have not gotten the respect that he deserved while he was still living but he has that respect now. Johann Fust will always be the man who turned his back on Gutenberg; however, he will also always be the man that truly began the printing press (through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1955762", "score": "0.85020876", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Science and invention in Birmingham", "text": "he also invents an ink to work with it. This is the first widely used copy machine for offices and is a commercial success, being used for over a century. This letter copying press is considered to be the original photocopier. 1781: James Watt markets his rotary-motion steam engine. The earlier steam engine's vertical movement was ideal for operating water pumps but the new engine can be adapted to drive all sorts of machinery. Richard Arkwright pioneers its use in his cotton mills and within 15 years there are 500+ Boulton & Watt steam engines in British factories and mines.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4783328", "score": "0.8495851", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Thomas Nelson (1822–1892)", "text": "Thomas Nelson (1822–1892) Thomas Nelson FRSE (1822-1892) was a Scottish businessman who joined the family publishing firm of Thomas Nelson in 1839 at which point it was renamed Thomas Nelson & Sons. In 1850 he invented an improved rotary printing press. He was born on 25 December, Christmas Day, 1822, son of Thomas Nelson then a bookseller, and his wife, Margaret Black. He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh. Thomas joined his father's company on his 17th birthday in 1839. In 1844 the firm moved to larger premises in Hope Park in Edinburgh's South Side. The company began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20406188", "score": "0.84957325", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Richard Day (printer)", "text": "Richard Day (printer) Richard Day (21 December 1552 – before 1607) was an English printer, Church of England clergyman, and the son of printer John Day. He was born in Aldersgate, London, where his father maintained a home and a newly established printing press. He studied at Eton College and enrolled at King's College, Cambridge in 1572, where he was named a fellow in 1574. He graduated with a bachelor's degree a year later, and intended to continue his studies to earn a master's degree. However, he instead returned home without matriculating. Day would later assert that family pressures forced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11790189", "score": "0.84932154", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "William Caxton", "text": "William Caxton William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books. Neither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or Tenterden. In 1438 he was apprenticed to Robert Large, a wealthy London silk mercer. Shortly after Large's death, Caxton moved to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1275266", "score": "0.8487578", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Whatman plc", "text": "(or Vélin), an innovation used for high quality art and printing. The techniques continued to be developed by his son, James Whatman the Younger (1741–1798). At a time when the craft was based in smaller paper mills, his innovations led to the large scale and widespread industrialisation of paper manufacturing. Whatman had been approached by John Baskerville, who needed paper that would take a light impression of the printing plate; this was used for the edition of Virgil's poetry, embellished with Baskerville's typography and designs. The earliest examples of wove paper, bearing his watermark, appeared after 1740. The business is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11903980", "score": "0.84862375", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Bhimjee Parikh", "text": "Bhimjee Parikh Bhimji Parikh or Bhimji Parekh (1610-1680) was a Pushtimarg. He was born in 1610 in Surat. He is remembered today primarily for having introduced the first printing press, to Bombay in 1674-75. Bhimji intended to use this printing press for “the common good” of printing “ancient manuscripts” that would be “useful or at least grateful to posterity”. Bhimji Parekh was the son of Tulsidas Parekh. At various times Bhimji Parekh worked as broker for the East India Company, as a money lender, and as a printer. For services to the company, Parekh was awarded a medal and chain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9076033", "score": "0.8471974", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "James Whatman (papermaker)", "text": "the printing plate; this was used for the edition of Virgil's poetry, embellished with Baskerville's typography and designs. The earliest examples of wove paper, bearing his watermark, appeared after 1740. The business, in addition to producing the finest paper, is probably responsible for the invention of the wove wire mesh used to mould and align the pulp fibres. This is the principal method used in the mass production of most modern paper. The Whatmans held a part interest in the establishment at Turkey Mill, near Maidstone, after 1740; this was acquired through the elder Whatman's marriage to Ann Harris. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15111388", "score": "0.84662604", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Stephen Daye", "text": "Stephen Daye Stephen Daye, Sr. (c.1594 – December 22, 1668) was the first British North American printer. Daye was born in Sutton, Surrey London, and emigrated on June 7, 1638 to Cambridge Massachusetts on board the \"John of London\" with his wife Rebecca (Wright) Bordman (Bordman - from a previous marriage) (died October 17, 1658), sons Stephen, Jr. (died December 1, 1639), Matthew (died May 10, 1649), and stepson William Bordman (died March 25, 1685), and three household servants. In 1638 he is recorded as being a locksmith by profession who was under financial contract to Reverend Joseph Glover to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7901532", "score": "0.84516907", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "William Bradford (printer, born 1663)", "text": "honor of its neighboring village's famous son and is now William Bradford Academy. Other colonial printers: William Bradford (printer, born 1663) William Bradford (May 20, 1660 – May 23, 1752) was an early English printer in North America. He is best known as \"the pioneer printer of the Middle colonies\" and the head of a family that included publishers for 140 years. He was also known for controversies regarding freedom of the press. William Bradford was born to William (d. 1667) and Ann Bradford in the village of Barwell in Leicestershire, England where his father was a printer. His family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1718950", "score": "0.8441551", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Joseph Ames (author)", "text": "to 1600, which included 215 names, most of them being those of London men, with the announcement: ‘As the history and progress of printing in England, from 1474 to 1600, is in good forwardness for the press; if any gentleman please to send the publisher, Jos. Ames in Wappin, some account of these printers, or add others to them, or oblige him with what may be useful in this undertaking, the favour will be gratefully acknowledged.’ In 1748[7] he printed a ‘Catalogue of English Heads,’ being an index to the collection of 2,000 prints, bound in ten volumes, belonging to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1901591", "score": "0.84389067", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Augustus Applegath", "text": "Augustus Applegath Augustus Applegath (17 June 1788 – 9 February 1871) was an English printer and inventor known for the development of the first workable vertical-drum rotary printing press. Applegath was born in the Stepney district of London, the second child of Augustus Joseph Applegath, a captain in the East India Company and his wife, Ann, née Lepard. He went to school at Alfred House Academy in London and apprenticed with Benjamin Lepard, a wholesale stationer, at Covent Garden. In collaboration with his brother-in-law Edward Cowper (1790-1852), he carried out most of his work in the Dartford and Crayford areas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5207989", "score": "0.8388726", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Johannes Gutenberg", "text": "Gutenberg in 1439 was the first European to use movable type. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink for printing books; adjustable molds; mechanical movable type; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system that allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "210387", "score": "0.8388454", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Printing press", "long_answer": "The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe. In East Asia, where it was invented, the usefulness of movable type was limited by the complexity of the writing system and, without the hand mould, the production of sorts (individual letters of type) was slow. In Europe, the two inventions, the hand mould and the printing press, together drastically reduced the cost of printing books and other documents, particularly in short print runs.", "chunked_long_answer": "The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe. In East Asia, where it was invented, the usefulness of movable type was limited by the complexity of the writing system and, without the hand mould, the", "short_answers": [ "1440", "Johannes Gutenberg", "Johannes Gutenberg around 1440", "around 1440", "the German Johannes Gutenberg" ] }

[ "Acts 1:13" ]

[ { "title": "Apostles", "text": "Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists \"Judas the son of James\" instead of \"Thaddeus\". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to \"the Twelve\" (John 6:67–71), the gospel", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "John 12", "text": "John 12 John 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the triumphal entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this Gospel. Events recorded in this chapter refer to the following locations: This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to other parts of the Bible): The narrative suggests that Jesus and His disciples travelled to Bethany from Ephraim, where Jesus had been staying to avoid the Jewish leaders who were plotting to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7602542", "score": "1.0576756", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Historical Jesus", "text": "as having the means to hire labourers for his fishing business, and tax collectors were seen as exploiters. The twelve were expected to rule the twelve tribes of Israel in the Kingdom of God. The disciples of Jesus play a large role in the search for the historical Jesus. However, the four gospels use different words to apply to Jesus' followers. The Greek word \"ochloi\" refers to the crowds who gathered around Jesus as he preached. The word \"mathetes\" refers to the followers who remained for more teaching. The word \"apostolos\" refers to the twelve disciples, or apostles, whom Jesus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2725729", "score": "0.97548634", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jesus", "text": "First, he attributed them to the faith of those healed. Second, he connected them to end times prophecy. Jesus chose twelve disciples (the \"Twelve\"), evidently as an apocalyptic message. All three Synoptics mention the Twelve, although the names on Luke's list vary from those in Mark and Matthew, suggesting that Christians were not certain who all the disciples were. The 12 disciples might have represented the twelve original tribes of Israel, which would be restored once God's rule was instituted. The disciples were reportedly meant to be the rulers of the tribes in the coming Kingdom (Matthew 19:28, Luke 22:30).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3955378", "score": "0.95820624", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Matthew 12", "text": "Matthew 12 Matthew 12 is the twelfth chapter in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament section of the Christian Bible. It continues the narrative about Jesus' ministry in Galilee. This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to the other parts of the Bible): Matthew states that Jesus' withdrawal from the cities of Galilee and his request that the crowds do not make him known is a fulfillment of the first Servant Song of the prophet Isaiah. The verses quoted from Isaiah are from the Septuagint version. One difference from the Hebrew version is found in verse 21", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7605821", "score": "0.95707107", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Matthew 10:1", "text": "the disciples, but one fact they are agreed upon is that there were twelve. This could be evidence for the historicity of their being twelve original followers of Jesus. The number twelve also had deep social and religious significance. The number creates a metaphorical link to the Twelve Tribes of Israel. At the time most Jewish leaders believed that the messiah would bring about an eschatological restoration of the tribes. This link is made explicit at . The Qumran community, which produced the Dead Sea Scrolls, also had a group of twelve leaders, perhaps for similar reasons. In the culture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7978794", "score": "0.95619845", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Mark 12", "text": "Mark 12 Mark 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It continues Jesus' teaching in Jerusalem during his third visit to the Temple (traditionally identified with Holy Tuesday), it contains the parable of the Wicked Husbandmen, Jesus' argument with the Pharisees and Herodians over paying taxes to Caesar, and the debate with the Sadducees about the nature of people who will be resurrected at the end of time. It also contains Jesus' greatest commandment, his discussion of the messiah's relationship to King David, condemnation of the teachers of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3350830", "score": "0.94890606", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Mark 12", "text": "13. Mark 12 Mark 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It continues Jesus' teaching in Jerusalem during his third visit to the Temple (traditionally identified with Holy Tuesday), it contains the parable of the Wicked Husbandmen, Jesus' argument with the Pharisees and Herodians over paying taxes to Caesar, and the debate with the Sadducees about the nature of people who will be resurrected at the end of time. It also contains Jesus' greatest commandment, his discussion of the messiah's relationship to King David, condemnation of the teachers of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3350858", "score": "0.9487165", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Luke 12", "text": "Luke 12 Luke 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records a number of teachings and parables told by Jesus Christ to \"an innumerable multitude of people ... gathered together\". The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this Gospel as well as the Acts of the Apostles. The New King James Version organizes this chapter as follows (with cross references to parallel sections in Matthew's gospel): Scottish minister William Robertson Nicoll suggests this is \"the largest crowd mentioned anywhere", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7602662", "score": "0.93465817", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Matthew 10:1", "text": "which describes the gathering of the twelve, and , which describes Jesus giving them authority over unclean spirits.. Matthew drops the mention of the meeting of the disciples taking place upon a mountain, as Matthew has already used that passage to set the location of the Sermon on the Mount at . Schweizer considers this verse a somewhat awkward insertion of Markan material into Matthew's narrative. It seems to contradict what is implied at 9:38. Matthew also jumps immediately to their being twelve disciples. Previously Matthew 4 had mentioned the recruitment of the four fishers, and Matthew 9 introduces Matthew", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7978792", "score": "0.9321263", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Twelve Apostles, West Yorkshire", "text": "Twelve Apostles, West Yorkshire The Twelve Apostles () is a stone circle near Ilkley and Burley in Wharfedale in West Yorkshire, England. Commonly said to lie on Ilkley Moor and Burley Moor, the Twelve Apostles are located within the parish of Burley in Wharfedale. The stone circle is slightly below and to the northeast of an east-west ridge at about 381 metres above sea level. The Twelve Apostles consists of the remains of a stone circle with a diameter of about 15 metres. The circle originally had between 16 and 20 stones, but it is now reduced to 12 stones.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17221765", "score": "0.9240587", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Twelve Tribes communities", "text": "Twelve Tribes communities The Twelve Tribes, formerly known as the Vine Christian Community Church, Northeast Kingdom Community Church, the Messianic Communities, and the Community Apostolic Order is an international confederation of religious communities founded by Gene Spriggs (now known as Yoneq) that sprang out of the Jesus movement in 1972 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The group is an attempt to recreate the 1st-century church in the Book of Acts; the name \"Twelve Tribes\" is also derived from a quote of the Apostle Paul in Acts 26:7. The group has also been referred to as \"The Yellow Deli People\" and informally as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5839601", "score": "0.92060804", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "John 6", "text": "The evangelist notes that Jesus lost some of his following from that [time] or \"at this point\" or \"for this reason\". The text makes clear that \"many left Him\" and \"no longer walked with Him\". Jesus then asks \"the twelve\" whether they would also walk away (John 6:67). This is John's first reference to \"the twelve\": they have not previously been mentioned as a group or as the \"twelve apostles\", nor have twelve named disciples yet been introduced. (In John 1, Andrew and Simon Peter, Philip and Nathaniel were named; Judas, son of Simon Iscariot is here named as one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7605878", "score": "0.91652024", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Matthew 1:12", "text": "Matthew 1:12 Matthew 1:12 is the twelfth verse of the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse is part of the section where the genealogy of Joseph, the betrothed of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, is listed. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 1:12 Jeconiah was a King of Judah, the last of these kings to be included among Joseph's ancestors. He was captured and brought to Babylon along with many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4569192", "score": "0.91568065", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Matthew 14", "text": "Matthew 14 Matthew 14 is the fourteenth chapter in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament section of the Christian Bible. It continues the narrative about Jesus' ministry in Galilee. This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to parallel passages in the other gospels): and refer to a 'deserted' (NKJV) or 'secluded' (Amplified Bible) place, clarified as 'a place where no one lived' in the Easy-to-Read Version. In Luke's gospel, he goes at this point in the narrative to 'a town called Bethsaida', i.e. an inhabited place, but nevertheless one where 'he and his apostles could be alone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7605823", "score": "0.90758055", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Matthew 10", "text": "to have been remembered outside Jewish Christian circles\". Matthew names the twelve apostles, or \"twelve disciples\", in verses 1 to 4 and the remainder of the chapter consists almost entirely of sayings attributed to Jesus. In this chapter, Jesus sends out the apostles to heal and preach throughout the region and gives them careful instruction. Many of the sayings found in Matthew 10 are also found in Luke 10 and the Gospel of Thomas, which is not found in the accepted canon of the New Testament. The text in verse 1 refers to \"his twelve disciples\" (, \"tous dodeka mathetas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7238834", "score": "0.90530515", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ministry of Jesus", "text": "of the twelve Apostles among the disciples of Jesus. Jesus goes out to a mountainside to pray, and after spending the night praying to God, in the morning he calls his disciples and chooses twelve of them. In the Mission Discourse, Jesus instructs the twelve apostles who are named in to carry no belongings as they travel from city to city and preach. Separately, relates the Seventy Disciples, where Jesus appoints a larger number of disciples and sends them out in pairs with the \"Missionary's Mandate\" to go into villages before Jesus' arrival there. In two messengers from John the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7596052", "score": "0.90511346", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Disciple whom Jesus loved", "text": "Beloved Disciple: Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430 AD) also believed that John was the Beloved Disciple, in his \"Tractates on the Gospel of John\". The assumption that the Beloved Disciple was one of the Twelve Apostles is based on the observation that he was apparently present at the Last Supper, which Matthew and Mark state that Jesus ate with the Twelve. Thus, the most frequent identification is with John the Apostle, who would then be the same as John the Evangelist. Merril F. Unger presents a case for this by a process of elimination. Nevertheless, while some modern academics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4942764", "score": "0.9007647", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Matthew 10:1", "text": "the tax collector, but there is nothing in the text introducing the other seven. This same material also appears at - and . Matthew also introduces the group of twelve later in his narrative than the other gospel writers. He had earlier mentioned the collection of disciples at a number of points earlier, but had left their number undefined. Other parts of the New Testament, such as and make clear that Jesus had more than only twelve followers, and that this group of twelve are the leaders of the organization. The different gospels have different lists of the names of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7978793", "score": "0.89619005", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Matthew 14", "text": "together. Matthew 14 Matthew 14 is the fourteenth chapter in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament section of the Christian Bible. It continues the narrative about Jesus' ministry in Galilee. This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to parallel passages in the other gospels): and refer to a 'deserted' (NKJV) or 'secluded' (Amplified Bible) place, clarified as 'a place where no one lived' in the Easy-to-Read Version. In Luke's gospel, he goes at this point in the narrative to 'a town called Bethsaida', i.e. an inhabited place, but nevertheless one where 'he and his apostles could be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7605824", "score": "0.8944027", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Matthew 10", "text": "autou\"). Verse 2 calls them \"the twelve apostles\": Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. \"(King James Version)\" Verse 5 refers to them simply as \"the twelve\". New King James Version Cross reference: Mark 6:8–9; Luke 9:3 This the Jews call (lymrt), \"tarmil\": and which their commentators say, is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7238835", "score": "0.8901261", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "John 14", "text": "John 14 John 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It continues Jesus' discussions with His disciples in anticipation of His death and records the promised gift of the Holy Spirit. Jesus speaks individually with Thomas, Philip and Judas (not the Iscariot). The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this Gospel. All the events recorded in this chapter and the succeeding chapters up to John 17 took place in Jerusalem. The precise location is not specified, but states that afterwards,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7602575", "score": "0.8860096", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Apostles", "text": "Apostles In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles (), particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity. During the life and ministry of Jesus in the 1st century AD, the apostles were his closest followers and became the primary teachers of the gospel message of Jesus. The word \"disciple\" is sometimes used interchangeably with \"apostle\"; for instance, the Gospel of John makes no distinction between the two terms. In modern usage, prominent missionaries are often called apostles, a practice which stems from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15576993", "score": "0.882667", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jesus", "text": "In John, Jesus' first two apostles were disciples of John the Baptist. The Baptist sees Jesus and calls him the Lamb of God; the two hear this and follow Jesus. In addition to the Twelve Apostles, the opening of the passage of the Sermon on the Plain identifies a much larger group of people as disciples (). Also, in Jesus sends seventy or seventy-two of his followers in pairs to prepare towns for his prospective visit. They are instructed to accept hospitality, heal the sick and spread the word that the Kingdom of God is coming. In Mark, the disciples", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3955322", "score": "0.8798069", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Luke 9", "text": "Apostles. This chapter can be grouped (with cross references to other parts of the Bible): American biblical writer Henry Hampton Halley states that between verses 17 and 18, about 8 months intervene. The Syriac version (only) reads \"his own twelve\". New King James Version Cross reference: Matthew 10:10; Mark 6:8-9 Throughout the towns and cities of Judea, where they were sent to preach the Gospel: The Latin Vulgate version, and all the Oriental versions, read in the singular number, \"neither staff, rod, or club\"; and so it was in one of Theodore Beza's ancient copies, but in all the rest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7602649", "score": "0.87909573", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Jesus in Islam", "text": "who believed in His message. While not naming the disciples, the Quran does give a few instances of Jesus preaching the message to them. According to Christianity, the names of the twelve disciples were Peter, Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James, Jude, Simon and Judas. The Quran mentions in chapter 3, verses 52-53, that the disciples submitted to the faith of Islam: The longest narrative involving Jesus' disciples is when Jesus performs the miracle of bringing a table of food from heaven at their request, for further proof that his preaching is the true message. Most Islamic traditions,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1484691", "score": "0.87835824", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "John 20:12", "text": "John 20:12 John 20:12 is the twelfth verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John. Mary Magdalene is peering into the empty tomb of Jesus and sees two angels. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The English Standard Version translates the passage as: There is some confusion between this account and that of the other gospels. In Matthew 28 only a single angel is mentioned. Mark 16 refers to a young man, presumably an angel, sitting on the right side. In Luke two men, identified as angels in , appear standing next to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4552991", "score": "0.87833023", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Matthew 20", "text": "occasion to it and from the teaching which it illustrates. It is not too much to say that we can scarcely understand it at all unless we connect it with the history of the young ruler who had great possessions, and the claims which the disciples had made for themselves when they contrasted their readiness with his reluctance\". The appointment of Jesus' twelve disciples to \"sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel\" in \"the regeneration\" () may also be contrasted with the request of the mother of Zebedee's children, possibly Salome, that the seats of Jesus' right", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7605848", "score": "0.8768209", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "John 12", "text": "ends. Christ’s revelation of Himself to the world in His ministry is concluded. The Evangelist has set before us the Testimony to the Christ, the Work of the Christ, and the Judgment respecting the work, which has ended in a conflict, and the conflict has reached a climax\". John 12 John 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the triumphal entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this Gospel. Events recorded in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7602556", "score": "0.87351453", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Matthew 27:12", "text": "Matthew 27:12 Matthew 27:12 is the twelfth verse of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This continues Pilate's Court, and the final trial of Jesus. The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort, reads: In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as: The modern World English Bible translates the passage as: This verse is based on with several variations. Matthew mentions \"elders\" along with the chief priests. Mark also specifies that they accused Jesus of \"many things.\" Matthew gives no extra details on what Jesus was accused of. Most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7979331", "score": "0.8717185", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Apostles", "long_answer": "Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists \"Judas the son of James\" instead of \"Thaddeus\". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to \"the Twelve\" (John 6:67–71), the gospel does not present any elaboration of who these twelve actually were, and the author of the Gospel of John does not mention them all by name. There is also no separation of the terms \"apostles\" and \"disciples\" in John.", "chunked_long_answer": "Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists \"Judas the son of James\" instead of \"Thaddeus\". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to \"the Twelve\" (John 6:67–71), the gospel", "short_answers": [ "Acts 1:13" ] }

[ "Saint Alphonsa" ]

[ { "title": "Saint Alphonsa", "text": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mata Amritanandamayi", "text": "Mata Amritanandamayi Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī (born Sudhamani Idamannel; 27 September 1953), better known simply as Amma (\"Mother\"), is a Hindu spiritual leader and guru who is revered as a saint by her followers. Mātā Amṛtānandamayī is an Indian guru from Parayakadavu (now partially known as Amritapuri), Alappad Panchayat, Kollam District, in the state of Kerala. Born to a family of fishermen in 1953, she was the third child of Sugunanandan and Damayanti. She has six siblings. As part of her chores, Amṛtānandamayī gathered food scraps from neighbours for her family's cows and goats, through which she was confronted with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2023104", "score": "1.0684366", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kuriakose Elias Chavara", "text": "Kuriakose Elias Chavara Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, C.M.I. (10 February 1805 – 3 January 1871) was an Indian Catholic priest and social reformer. He is the first canonised Catholic male saint of Indian origin and belongs to the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in the state of Kerala. He was the co-founder and first Prior General of the first congregation for men in the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, now known as the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (C.M.I.), and of a similar one for women, the Congregation of the Mother of Carmel (C.M.C.). Kuriakose Elias Chavara was born on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5552073", "score": "1.0669782", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mariam Vattalil", "text": "aiding the poor and downtrodden. Her cause of canonization commenced in 2003 and she was titled as a Servant of God. Her beatification received approval from Pope Francis on 23 March 2017 and she was beatified in Indore on 4 November 2017. Mariam Vattalil was born in Kerala on 29 January 1954 as the second of seven children to Paily and Eliswa Vattalil. Her baptism was celebrated at the Church of Saint Thomas on the following 5 February with her name being chosen in honor of the Mother of God; . Her siblings were: Stephen, Annie, Varghese, Thressiamma, Celine (later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16749017", "score": "1.0490286", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Women in the Catholic Church", "text": "her piety. St Kateri Tekakwitha was born around 1656 in the Mohawk village of Ossernenon, Canada. Canonised as the first Native American saint in 2012, Takakwitha lived at a time of conflict between the Mohawks and French colonists, lost her family and was scarred by smallpox before converting to Catholicism, leading to persecution from her tribesmen. She became known for her piety and charity and after her death, by 1774, was being written of as the \"Protectress of Canada\". That same year, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton was born in New York. She would become the first saint born in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13909659", "score": "1.0451022", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Sarada Devi", "text": "Sarada Devi Sarada Devi ; ) (22 December 1853 – 21 July 1920), born Khemankari/ Thakurmani/ Saradamani Mukhopadhyay , was the wife and spiritual counterpart of Sri Ramakrishna, a nineteenth-century mystic of Bengal. Sarada Devi is also reverentially addressed as the Holy Mother (\"Sri Sri Maa\" ) by the followers of the Sri Ramakrishna monastic order. Sri Sarada Devi or Sri Sri Maa is one of the notable woman saints and mystics of the nineteenth century. She paved the way for the future generation of women to take up monasticity as the means and end of life. In fact the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3584733", "score": "1.0411814", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (Santa Fe)", "text": "by Pope Benedict XVI on October 4, 2005, when it was named the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi. This statue of St. Francis, the patron saint of the diocese, was installed at the Cathedral during the 1967 renovations. Kateri Tekakwitha (1656–1680) is the first North American Indian to be beatified, and was canonized in October 2012. She was an Algonquian-Mohawk woman of New York State. At an early age, she converted to Christianity. The statue was created by Estella Loretto, a sculptor from the nearby Jemez Pueblo, and installed in August 2003. A plaque noting Kateri's canonization was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7196821", "score": "1.0400574", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Mata Amritanandamayi", "text": "message from Amṛtānandamayī has appeared in the Lifestyle section of the \"Express Buzz\" Sunday supplement of the \"New Indian Express\" newspaper. She also writes a regular blog in the spiritual publication \"Speaking Tree\". Various documentaries have been made about her: Mata Amritanandamayi Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī (born Sudhamani Idamannel; 27 September 1953), better known simply as Amma (\"Mother\"), is a Hindu spiritual leader and guru who is revered as a saint by her followers. Mātā Amṛtānandamayī is an Indian guru from Parayakadavu (now partially known as Amritapuri), Alappad Panchayat, Kollam District, in the state of Kerala. Born to a family of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2023124", "score": "1.0381525", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sumati Morarjee", "text": "Sumati Morarjee Sumati Morarjee (13 March 1909-27 June 1998), also known as the first woman of Indian shipping, is credited to have become the first woman in the world to head an organisation of ship owners - \"Indian National Steamship Owners Association\" (later renamed \"Indian National Shipowners Association\") which has been traditionally a male bastion. She has been awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honor of India in 1971 for her civil services. She was born to wealthy family of Mathuradas Goculdas and his wife, Premabai, in Bombay. Sumati was named Jamuna, after the sacred river associated with Krishna", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16580990", "score": "1.0292209", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Pushpa Lalitha", "text": "the first woman to be consecrated Bishop in any church in Asia was A. Katakshamma of the Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church, Bhadrachalam. The first ordained woman priest in India is Sr. Elizabeth Paul, also of the CSI Order of Sisters. Eggoni Pushpa Lalitha was born to a family of agriculturists in Diguvappad village in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. She acknowledges the influence of the Protestant and Catholic Missionaries who lead a selfless life and she very much wanted to lead such a life and became a member of the CSI Order of Sisters. Pushpa Lalitha had her ministerial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17585382", "score": "1.0248178", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kilacheri", "text": "been declared Servant of God, which will lead to her Beatification and Canonization. In other words, the process of initiation of sainthood on Mother Gnanamma has begun. Archbishop Samineni Arulappa Archbishop Samineni Arulappa (28 August 1924 – 13 February 2005), often shortened to S Arulappa, was an Indian Roman Catholic clergyman who served as the Archbishop of Hyderabad from December 1971 through January 2000. The youngest priest to be consecrated to such a high office, he was also the longest-serving Catholic Archbishop in India. He was also the first Archbishop who had the honor of being consecrated by Pope Paul", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19630301", "score": "1.0196495", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mariam Vattalil", "text": "Mariam Vattalil Blessed Rani Maria Vattalil (29 January 1954 – 25 February 1995) – in religious Rani Maria – was an Indian Syro Malabar professed religious and a social worker in the Franciscan Clarist Congregation who worked among the poor within the Diocese of Indore. Vattalil dedicated herself to the catechetical formation and educational instruction during her time as a religious as she moved place to place teaching in different areas; she was vocal in matters of social justice and in social activism which led to her death at the hands of those who were opposed to her efforts in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16749016", "score": "1.0188098", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mariam Thresia Chiramel", "text": "Mariam Thresia Chiramel \"\" Blessed Thresia Chiramel Mankidiyan (usually known as Mariam Thresia; 26 April 1876 – 8 June 1926) was an Indian Syro-Malabar professed religious and the founder of the Congregation of the Holy Family. Thresia Mankidiyan became known for receiving frequent visions and ecstasies as well as even receiving the stigmata which she kept well-guarded. She had been involved in apostolic work her entire life and pushed for strict adherence to the rule of her order amongst her fellow religious. Pope John Paul II beatified the late nun on 9 April 2000. Thresia Chiramel Mankidiyan was born in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6660699", "score": "1.0178844", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Women in India", "text": "an administrator. Tarabai was another female Maratha ruler. In South India, many women administered villages, towns, and divisions, and ushered in new social and religious institutions. Jijabai was the mother of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire. Akka Mahadevi was a prominent figure of the Veerashaiva Bhakti movement of the 12th century Karnataka. Her Vachanas in Kannada, a form of didactic poetry, are considered her most notable contribution to Kannada Bhakti literature. To quote Sir Lepel Griffin K.C.S, from his books on Sikh history, the Sikh women \"\"have on occasions shown themselves the equals of men in wisdom and administrative", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4606817", "score": "1.0175611", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Madonna Swan", "text": "Madonna Swan Madonna Mary Swan-Abdalla (September 12, 1928 – 1993) was an American Indian woman Lakota. Born on the Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation in South Dakota, Madonna Swan prevailed over extreme difficulties including the Native American tuberculosis epidemic of the 20th century to lead a fulfilled life. She overcame the terrible conditions of socio-economic deprivation, restricted education, poor health care, and confinement to the Indian tuberculosis sanatorium and the reservation, to attend college, become a Head Start teacher, marry, raise a child, and be named Native American Woman of the Year. Madonna Swan become an inspiration to both Indian and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11269461", "score": "1.0122104", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rukmini Devi Arundale", "text": "for International Women's Day. Rukmini Devi Arundale Rukmini Devi Neelakanda Sastri (29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal rights and welfare. She also is the first ever woman in Indian history to be nominated as the Rajya Sabha member. She is considered the most important revivalist in the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style, prevalent amongst the temple dancers, Devadasis, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts. Though she belonged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4958481", "score": "1.0092707", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Chandraprava Saikiani", "text": "Daisingari, in the Kamrup district in the Northeast Indian state of Assam to Ratiram Mazumdar, a village headman and his wife, Gangapriya as the seventh of their eleven children. Due to the absence of a girls' school, she did her early education at a boys' school, away from her village. After school, she gathered local illiterate girls and taught them what she learnt at school at a makeshift shed near the school. Getting a scholarship, she joined Nagaon Mission School along with her younger sister, Rajaniprava, who would later become the first woman medical doctor from Assam. Her social activism", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18826939", "score": "1.0074347", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Kateri Tekakwitha", "text": "of Pope John Paul II, she was beatified in 1980 and canonized by Pope Benedict XVI at Saint Peter's Basilica on 21 October 2012. Various miracles and supernatural events are attributed to her intercession. \"Tekakwitha\" is the name the girl was given by her Mohawk people. It translates to \"She who bumps into things.\" She was born around 1656 in the Mohawk village of Ossernenon considerably west of present-day Auriesville, New York. (A nineteenth-century tradition that Auriesville developed at the site of Ossernenon has been disproved by archeological findings, according to Dean R. Snow and other specialists in Native American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2250093", "score": "1.0065025", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bhakti Yadav", "text": "Bhakti Yadav Dr. Bhakti Yadav (3 April 1926 – 14 August 2017) was an Indian doctor who was the first female MBBS from Indore, India and she was recognised by being awarded one of India's highest civilian honors, Padma Shri. She was known for her generosity, including offering free treatment since 1948. She was a gynaecologist. She was born on 3 April 1926 in Ujjain in Mahidpur. She hailed from a renowned Maharashtrian family. In 1937 when education of girls was discouraged, she expressed her desire for higher studies. Her father sent her to a nearby village where she got", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20119818", "score": "1.0053582", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Meera", "text": "a celebrated Bhakti saint, particularly in the North Indian Hindu tradition. Meera Bai was born into family of Merta, Rajasthan, India. She is mentioned in Bhaktamal, confirming that she was widely known and a cherished figure in the Bhakti movement culture by about 1600 CE. Most legends about Meera mention her fearless disregard for social and family conventions, her devotion to Lord Krishna, her treating Krishna as her husband, and she being persecuted by her in-laws for her religious devotion. She has been the subject of numerous folk tales and hagiographic legends, which are inconsistent or widely different in details.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2078025", "score": "1.0030187", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ramadevi Choudhury", "text": "the first women's university in eastern India, established as such since 2015. There is a museum dedicated to her within the university premises. The school - Shishu Vihar - started by her at Cuttack is now named Ramadevi Shishu Vihar. She died on 22 July 1985. Ramadevi Choudhury Ramadevi Choudhury() (3 December 1899 – 22 July 1985), also known as Rama Devi, was an Indian freedom fighter and a social reformer. She was called Maa (Mother) by the people of Odisha. She was the daughter of Gopal Ballav Das and the niece of Utkal Gaurab Madhusudan Das. At the age", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15543973", "score": "1.0014195", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Maria Katharina Kasper", "text": "Kasper on 19 April 1978 in Saint Peter's Square. The pope praised Kasper as a woman of \"faith and fortitude\" in his address at the beatification. Pope Francis confirmed her canonization which was celebrated in Saint Peter's Square on 14 October 2018. The miracle that allowed for her canonization took place in India in 2012. Maria Katharina Kasper Saint Maria Katharina Kasper (26 May 1820 – 2 February 1898) – born Katharina but in religious known as Maria – was a German Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ. Kasper entered the religious", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18795654", "score": "1.0012805", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Indian religions", "text": "Molla. The \"alwar\" or \"azhwars\" (, \"āzvārkaḷ\" , those immersed in god) were Tamil poet-saints of south India who lived between the 6th and 9th centuries CE and espoused \"emotional devotion\" or bhakti to Visnu-Krishna in their songs of longing, ecstasy and service. The most popular Vaishnava teacher of the south was Ramanuja, while of the north it was Ramananda. Several important icons were women. For example, within the Mahanubhava sect, the women outnumbered the men, and administration was many times composed mainly of women. Mirabai is the most popular female saint in India. Sri Vallabha Acharya (1479–1531) is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "191584", "score": "1.0000027", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mother Teresa", "text": "the first Roman Catholic cathedral named in Teresa's honor, was consecrated in Kosovo. The Cathedral is also Kosovo's first Roman Catholic cathedral as well. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, known in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, ; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. After living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2226828", "score": "0.9990895", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mary Poonen Lukose", "text": "Mary Poonen Lukose Mary Poonen Lukose was an Indian gynecologist, obstetrician and the first female Surgeon General in India. She was the founder of a \"Tuberculosis Sanatorium\" in Nagarcoil and the \"X-Ray and Radium Institute\", Thiruvananthapuram, served as the head of the Health Department in the Princely State of Travancore and was the first woman legislator of the state. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri in 1975. Mary Lukose, née Mary Poonen, was born to a rich family as the only child on 2 August 1886 in Aymanam—a small village later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18848064", "score": "0.99871516", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "María Teresalina Sánchez", "text": "María Teresalina Sánchez María Teresalina Sánchez, F.M.M. (13 July 1918 – 27 October 1947) was a Spanish Franciscan Religious Sister who served as a missionary to Kashmir. She was murdered on the grounds of St. Joseph's Catholic Church in Baramulla by invading tribesmen during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. She is considered the first Christian martyr in Jammu and Kashmir. She was born Joaquina de Z. Sánchez on July 13, 1918, in the village of Sondika, Biscay, called Bidegain, into a large family of seventeen children. While still an infant, her parents entrusted her upbringing to a community of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18099448", "score": "0.99607635", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Kanhopatra", "text": "to Vithoba and her struggle to balance her piety with her profession. In her poetry, she implores Vithoba to be her saviour and release her from the clutches of her profession. About thirty of her \"abhangas\" have survived, and continue to be sung today. She is the only female Varkari saint to have attained sainthood based solely on her devotion, without the support of any guru, male Varkari saint, or \"parampara\" (tradition or lineage). Kanhopatra's history is known through stories passed down over centuries, making it hard to separate fact and fiction. Most accounts agree about her birth to Shama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12895458", "score": "0.99370056", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Kanhopatra", "text": "Kanhopatra Kanhopatra (or Kanhupatra) was a 15th-century Marathi saint-poet, venerated by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Little is known about Kanhopatra. According to most traditional accounts, Kanhopatra was a courtesan and dancing-girl. These accounts typically concentrate on her death when she chose to surrender to the Hindu god Vithoba—the patron god of the Varkaris—rather than becoming a concubine of the Badshah (king) of Bidar. She died in the central shrine of Vithoba in Pandharpur. She is the only person whose samadhi (mausoleum) is within the precincts of the temple. Kanhopatra wrote Marathi \"ovi\" and \"abhanga\" poetry telling of her devotion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12895457", "score": "0.9936032", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Kateri Tekakwitha", "text": "October 21, 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI. In the official canonization rite booklet, \"Catherine\" is used in the English and French biographies and \"Kateri\" in the translation of the rite itself. She is the first Native American woman of North America to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Tekakwitha is featured in four national shrines in the United States: the National Shrine of Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha in Fonda, New York; the National Shrine of the North American Martyrs in Auriesville, New York; the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.; and The National Shrine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2250123", "score": "0.99207604", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Kanhopatra", "text": "attained sainthood exclusively on the basis of her intense devotion to Vithoba, a devotion reflected in her abhangas. Kanhopatra's life has been recounted in a 1937 Marathi film \"Kanhopatra\" written and directed by Bhalji Pendharkar. She was also the subject of the popular 1931 Marathi drama named \"Sant Kanhopatra\", in which Bal Gandharva played the lead. Kanhopatra's abhangas \"Aga Vaikunthichya Raya\" and \"Patita tu pavanahe\"; and \"Nako Devaraya Anta Aata\" are used in that drama and in the 1963 Marathi film \"Sadhi Manase\" respectively. A 2014 short film \"Katha Sant Kanhopatra\" by Sumeet video featured Pallavi Subhash as Kanhopatra. Kanhopatra's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12895477", "score": "0.9917373", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Saint Alphonsa", "long_answer": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th.", "chunked_long_answer": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th.", "short_answers": [ "Saint Alphonsa" ] }

[ "the arms of Ireland" ]

[ { "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "text": "on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins. The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character, le roi d'irelande, in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan. Alternatively, it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem, Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh, dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain (d. 1242), a Gaelic King of Thomond.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Irish heraldry", "text": "harp Or, stringed argent\" – a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background. The harp, and specifically the \"cláirseach\" (or Gaelic harp), has long been Ireland's heraldic emblem. It appears on the coat of arms which were officially registered as the arms of the state of Ireland on 9 November 1945. The harp has been recognised as a symbol of Ireland since the 13th century. Irish heraldry Irish heraldry is the forms of heraldry, such as coats of arms, in Ireland. Since 1 April 1943 it is regulated in the Republic of Ireland by the Office of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10022541", "score": "1.1387188", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Harp", "text": "Ireland for centuries. Its origin is unknown but from the evidence of the ancient oral and written literature, it has been present in one form or another since at least the 6th century or before. According to tradition, Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (died at the Battle of Clontarf, 1014) played the harp, as did many of the gentry in the country during the period of the Gaelic Lordship of Ireland (ended 1607 with the \"Flight of the Earls\" following the Elizabethan Wars). In traditional Gaelic society every clan and chief of any consequence would have a resident harp", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "184190", "score": "1.0873237", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Irish traditional music", "text": "these traditional airs today, among many others. The harp is among the chief symbols of Ireland. The Celtic harp, seen on Irish coinage and used in Guinness advertising, was played as long ago as the 10th century. In ancient times, the harpers were greatly respected and, along with poets and scribes, assigned a high place amongst the most significant retainers of the old Gaelic order of lords and chieftains. Perhaps the best known representative of this tradition of harping today is Turlough Ó Carolan, a blind 18th century harper who is often considered the unofficial national composer of Ireland. Thomas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11425884", "score": "1.0794302", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Celtic harp", "text": "Celtic harp The Celtic harp is a triangular harp traditional to Wales, Brittany, Ireland and Scotland. It is known as \"telyn\" in Welsh, \"telenn\" in Breton, \"cláirseach\" in Irish and \"clàrsach\" in Scottish Gaelic. In Ireland and Scotland, it was a wire-strung instrument requiring great skill and long practice to play, and was associated with the Gaelic ruling class. It appears on Irish and British coins and coat of arms of the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and Canada. The early history of the triangular frame harp in Europe is contested. The first instrument associated with the harping tradition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7659020", "score": "1.0513574", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "text": "of thirty strings, provided that the numbers do not fall below nine (notwithstanding the illustration to the left). The strings are always silver and the harp is always gold. The harp is shown on a blue background. The colour of the field is sometimes called St. Patrick's blue, a name applied to shades of blue associated with Ireland. In current designs, used by the UK and Irish states, the field is invariably a deep blue. The use of blue in the arms has been associated with , a Gaelic mythological personification of Ireland. The word ' is a compound of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4900935", "score": "1.0335758", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cross-border flag for Ireland", "text": "organisation. The harp (or \"\") has long been a symbol of Ireland. It first featured on Irish coins in the reign of Henry VIII around 1534. During the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the harp became adorned with progressively more decoration, ultimately becoming a \"winged maiden\". In the nineteenth century, the \"Maid of Erin\", a personification of Ireland, was a woman holding a more realistic harp than the \"winged maiden\". This style of harp was then also used in Irish flags. The harp on the modern coat of arms of Ireland is modelled on the \"Brian Boru\" harp in the library", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12638664", "score": "1.0310357", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Trinity College harp", "text": "Trinity College harp The Brian Boru's harp (also known as \"Trinity College harp\" although it bears the O'Neill Coat of Arms) is a medieval musical instrument on display in the long room at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. It is an early Irish harp or wire strung cláirseach. It is dated to the 14th or 15th century and, along with the Queen Mary Harp and the Lamont Harp, is one of the three oldest surviving Gaelic harps. The harp was used as a model for the coat of arms of Ireland. The harp may be the oldest existent harp in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4901222", "score": "1.0270144", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Music of Scotland", "text": "of them come from Scotland. Pictish harps were strung from horsehair. The instruments apparently spread south to the Anglo-Saxons, who commonly used gut strings, and then west to the Gaels of the Highlands and to Ireland. The earliest Irish word for a harp is in fact Cruit, a word which strongly suggests a Pictish provenance for the instrument. The surname MacWhirter, \"Mac a' Chruiteir\", means son of the harpist, and is common throughout Scotland, but particularly in Carrick and Galloway. The Clàrsach (Gd.) or Cláirseach (Ga.) is the name given to the wire-strung harp of either Scotland or Ireland. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2419132", "score": "1.0237981", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Trinity College harp", "text": "wide the real harp is, compared to the harp on Irish coins. Trinity College harp The Brian Boru's harp (also known as \"Trinity College harp\" although it bears the O'Neill Coat of Arms) is a medieval musical instrument on display in the long room at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. It is an early Irish harp or wire strung cláirseach. It is dated to the 14th or 15th century and, along with the Queen Mary Harp and the Lamont Harp, is one of the three oldest surviving Gaelic harps. The harp was used as a model for the coat of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4901227", "score": "1.021988", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Republic of Ireland", "text": "King of Ireland in the 12th century. From the union of the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1603, they have appeared quartered on the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. Today, they are the personal arms of the President of Ireland whilst he or she is in office and are flown as the presidential standard. The harp symbol is used extensively by the state to mark official documents, Irish coinage and on the seal of the President of Ireland. Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ), also known as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a country", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "190615", "score": "1.0208019", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Music of Ireland", "text": "Gaelic Ireland. Turlough Carolan (1670–1738) is the best known of those harpists, and over 200 of his compositions are known. Some of his pieces use elements of contemporary baroque music, but his music has entered the tradition and is played by many folk musicians today. Edward Bunting collected some of the last-known Irish harp tunes at the Belfast Harp Festival in 1792. Other important collectors of Irish music include Francis O'Neill and George Petrie. Other notable Irish musicians of this era included Cearbhall Óg Ó Dálaigh (fl. c. 1630); Piaras Feiritéar (1600?–1653); William Connellan (fl. mid-17th century) and his brother,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2329662", "score": "1.0187161", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Trinity College harp", "text": "the national symbol of Ireland, being depicted on national heraldry, Euro coins and Irish currency. A left-facing image of this instrument was used as the national symbol of Ireland from 1922, and was specifically granted to the State by the Chief Herald of Ireland in 1945. A right-facing image was registered as a trade mark for Guinness in 1876, although it was first used on their labels from 1862. All three surviving Gaelic harps (the others are the Lamont Harp and the Queen Mary Harp) are considered to have been made in Argyll in South West Scotland sometime in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4901225", "score": "1.0168495", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Harp", "text": "seals and documents including the Irish passport and has appeared on Irish coinage from the Middle Ages to the current Irish imprints of euro coins. Guinness since 1759, Harp Lager since 1960, Irish Independent since 1961 originally in black but in green since 1972 and Ryanair since 1985. The South Asian Tamil harp \"yaal\" is the symbol of City of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, whose legendary root originates from a harp player. In the context of Christianity, heaven is sometimes symbolically depicted as populated by angels playing harps, giving the instrument associations of the sacred and heavenly. In the Bible, Genesis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "184193", "score": "1.0164783", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "text": "the emblems of many bodies in Northern Ireland, such as the Police Service of Northern Ireland. The harp is frequently incorporated into the emblems of Irish companies, such as Guinness and Ryanair. It appears on the arms of countries with historical links to Ireland or the United Kingdom, such as Montserrat and Canada. In 1984, exemplars of the modern design, approved by the Chief Herald, were registered by the Government of Ireland with the World Intellectual Property Organization under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention, which relates to state emblems. The government only registered \"left-facing\" images, with the harp's sound", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4900927", "score": "1.014391", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Origin of the harp in Europe", "text": "chloroform triangular instrument, however the stone is weathered and unclear if the figure is playing a true triangular harp, and others think it strongly resembles the Ullard lyre. Another study argue that many such crosses from the pre-Norman period survive in Ireland, however what is striking is that there are no triangular framed harps, Some early texts make the reference coir-cethar-chuir ‘four angled music' which refers to a four sided instrument. Other contemporary Irish sources of the period, namely the Cotton manuscript still depict a plucked lyre correspond to the shrine of St Maelruain Gospel, the Durrow Cross lyre and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11178664", "score": "1.013811", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Edward Bunting", "text": "string on the harp, as well as the proper tuning for the ancient instrument. After this is a table of practices, also with musical examples. Some of these are \"bualladh suas no suaserigh\" or \"succession of triplets\" and \"sruith-mor\" or \"a great stream, ascending or descending\". To conclude the chapter, Bunting gives the reader an idea of some \"times\", \"moods\", and \"keys\" used by the ancient harpers, as well as a vast vocabulary list of other Irish musical terms. An online multimedia edition of these tables has been published at http://www.earlygaelicharp.info/Irish_Terms/. Chapter 3 Bunting opens chapter 3 with an introduction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8013908", "score": "1.0081378", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Harp", "text": "modified harp, and the Irish State Examinations Commission uses it with an educational theme. The harp appears in the logo for League of Ireland football team Finn Harps F.C., Donegal's senior soccer club. Other organisations in Ireland use the harp, but not always prominently; these include the National University of Ireland and the associated University College Dublin, and the Gaelic Athletic Association. In Northern Ireland the Police Service of Northern Ireland and Queen's University of Belfast use the harp as part of their identity. In Iraq, the football club Al-Shorta is nicknamed \"Al-Qeetharah\" (), and has a harp on its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "184195", "score": "1.0070796", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "text": "Gaelic harp now in Trinity College, Dublin. The design is by an English sculptor, Percy Metcalfe. Metcalfe's design was in response to a competition held by the state to design Irish coinage, which was to start circulation in December 1928. Metcalfe's design became the model for future official interpretations of the harp as an emblem of the state. The modern design is markedly different from earlier depictions. During the 17th century, it became common to depict the harp with a woman's head and breasts, like a ship's figurehead, as the pillar. It is not necessary to show a full complement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4900934", "score": "1.0049287", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Origin of the harp in Europe", "text": "the instruments depicted, come in a variety of shapes and sizes and tend to be lyres rather than characteristic triangular harps. Irish hymn texts of the period refer to the performance of hymns and psalms as being accompanied by a lyre and such quadrangular instruments were used in religious ceremonies due to their small size from the introduction of Christianity to Ireland. Gerald of Wales cites the \"Cythera\" Kithara of St Kevin playing by Irish abbots and bishops for chants and funeral lamentations. Such instruments were prized in Ireland well into the 12th century. From an Irish perspective, three distinct", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11178662", "score": "1.0021386", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Irish traditional music", "text": "did not long outlast the native Gaelic aristocracy which supported it. By the early 19th century, the Irish harp and its music were for all intents and purposes dead. Tunes from the harping tradition survived only as unharmonised melodies which had been picked up by the folkloric tradition, or were preserved as notated in collections such as Edward Bunting's, (he attended the Belfast Harp Festival in 1792) in which the tunes were most often modified to make them fit for the drawing room pianofortes of the Anglicised middle and upper classes. The first generations of 20th century revivalists, mostly playing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11425886", "score": "1.0013603", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Origin of the harp in Europe", "text": "the three stringed lyre carving of judgement of Solomon at Ardmore Cathedral. The first true representations of the Irish triangular harp does not appear till the late 11th century in reliquary on the St. Moedoc shrine, while the Gospel of St Maelruain from the same period still traditionally depicts a lyre with three strings. Other articles discuss the triangular harp was first appeared in Ireland at the start of the Anglo-Norman invasion. The influx of English harpers to Ireland is also recorded in the Red Book of Ormond, and the Dublin Merchant roll (c1190-1265) shows a contingent of English Anglo-Norman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11178665", "score": "0.99707127", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Edward Bunting", "text": "to George Petrie's \"Memoir of Ancient Irish Harp Preserved in Trinity College\". In this introduction Bunting shows the reader two images, which he analyses with respect to the ancient way of playing the harp. Following this can be found a brief account of the Irish harp by Galilei in 1581, from which Bunting concludes that the ancient harp must have had between twenty-nine and thirty strings. Petrie's \"Memoir\" begins with the legend of the origins of \"Brian Boru's harp\", currently housed in the library at Trinity College. In Petrie's words, \"we are told that Donogh, the son and successor of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8013909", "score": "0.99500334", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Harp", "text": "well as on the Lord Protector's Standard issued on the succession of Richard Cromwell in 1658. The harp is also traditionally used on the flag of Leinster. Since 1922, the government of Ireland has used a similar left-facing harp, based on the Trinity College Harp in the Library of Trinity College Dublin as its state symbol. It first appeared on the Great Seal of the Irish Free State, which in turn was replaced by the coat of arms, the Irish Presidential Standard and the Presidential Seal in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. The harp emblem is used on official state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "184192", "score": "0.9949702", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Harps GAA", "text": "Harps GAA The Harps GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association hurling, gaelic football and camogie club in County Laois, Ireland. It is a combination of players from the villages of Cullohill and Durrow. Hurling and Camogie are the dominant sports in the club but a lot of success has come the way of the club in football too. The club colours are yellow with red trim. The club's grounds are in Durrow and Cullohill The club was formed in 1984 as an amalgamation of the old clubs of Durrow and Cullohill. In their very first year the club reached the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8550439", "score": "0.99001217", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Irish traditional music", "text": "McKenna, Michael Rooney, Áine Minogue, Patrick Ball and Bonnie Shaljean. The best of these have a solid background in genuine Irish traditional music, often having strong competency on another instrument more common in the living tradition, such as the fiddle or concertina, and work very hard at adapting the harp to traditional music, as well as reconstructing what they can of the old harpers' music on the basis of the few manuscript sources which exist. However, the harp continues to occupy a place on the fringe of Irish traditional music. The accordion plays a major part in modern Irish music.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11425889", "score": "0.9896884", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Irish traditional music", "text": "harp-accompanied folk-singing was preserved by the McPeake Family. Over the past thirty years a revival of the early Irish harp has been growing, with replicas of the medieval instruments being played, using strings of brass, silver, and even gold. This revival grew through the work of a number of musicians including Arnold Dolmetsch in 1930s England, Alan Stivell in 1960s Brittany, and most importantly Ann Heymann in the US from the 1970s to the present. Notable players of the modern harp include Derek Bell (of The Chieftains), Laoise Kelly (of The Bumblebees), Gráinne Hambly, Máire Ní Chathasaigh, Mary O'Hara, Antoinette", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11425888", "score": "0.98967505", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Harp", "text": "player who would compose eulogies and elegies (later known as \"planxties\") in honour of the leader and chief men of the clan. The harp was adopted as a symbol of the Kingdom of Ireland on the coinage from 1542, and in the Royal Standard of King James VI and I in 1603 and continued to feature on all English and United Kingdom Royal Standards ever since, though the styles of the harps depicted differed in some respects. It was also used on the Commonwealth Jack of Oliver Cromwell, issued in 1649 and on the Protectorate Jack issued in 1658 as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "184191", "score": "0.9894134", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Celtic harp", "text": "last two are examples of the small low-headed harp, and are both made from hornbeam, a wood not native to Scotland or Ireland. All three are dated approximately to the 15th century and may have been made in Argyll in western Scotland. Many “Irish” harps from later periods have no provenance and could possibly be of Scottish origin. The Norman-Welsh cleric and scholar Gerald of Wales (c.1146 – c.1223), whose \"Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica\" is a description of Ireland from the Anglo-Norman point of view, praised Irish harp music (if little else), but added that, in the opinion of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7659022", "score": "0.9889409", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Thomas Connellan", "text": "and \"Eileen Aroon\" (by Cearbhall O'Dalaigh), comprise the three earliest Irish harp tunes with extant lyrics. Yet another of Connellan's tunes was called \"Fáinne Geal an Lae\" (\"The Dawning of the Day\"), also known as \"The Golden Star\". This has similarities with (but is not the same as), the melody used by Irish poet Patrick Kavanagh for his poem, \"On Raglan Road\". According to Arthur O'Neill (1734-1818): Edinburgh Council record of 11 January 1717 states: Thomas Connellan Thomas Connellan (c. 1640/1645 – 1698) was an Irish composer. Connellan was born about 1640/1645 at Cloonamahon, County Sligo. Both he and his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4874262", "score": "0.9882053", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "long_answer": "However, reference to the harp as the arms of the king of Ireland can be found in one of the oldest medieval rolls of arms. The Wijnbergen Roll, a French roll of arms dating from c. 1280 and preserved in The Hague, Netherlands, attributed \"D'azure a la harpe d'or\" (English: Blue with a harp of gold) to the King of Ireland (\"le Roi d'Irlande\"). The harp, traditionally associated with King David, was a rare charge on medieval rolls and only two arms with a harp are listed in a collection of 19 early rolls. Triangular devices appeared on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins. The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character, le roi d'irelande, in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan. Alternatively, it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem, Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh, dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain (d. 1242), a Gaelic King of Thomond.", "chunked_long_answer": "on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins. The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character, le roi d'irelande, in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan. Alternatively, it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem, Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh, dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain (d. 1242), a Gaelic King of Thomond.", "short_answers": [ "the arms of Ireland" ] }

[ "the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius" ]

[ { "title": "Celsius", "text": "as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was called centigrade,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "called \"centigrade\", from the Latin \"centum\", which means 100, and \"gradus\", which means steps. From 1743 to 1954, the Celsius scale was based on 0 °C for the freezing point of water and 100 °C for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure. Prior to 1743, the scale was also based on the boiling and melting points of water, but the values were reversed (i.e. the boiling point was at 0 degrees and the melting point was at 100 degrees). The 1743 scale reversal was proposed by Jean-Pierre Christin. By international agreement, since 1954 the unit and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551610", "score": "0.98013854", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Celsius (crater)", "text": "Celsius (crater) Celsius is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged terrain in the southern hemisphere on the Moon's near side, it is named after Anders Celsius who was the founder of the Celsius temperature system which is part of the Metric system. It lies less than one crater diameter to the south-southwest of the crater Zagut, west of Rabbi Levi, and due north of Büsching. This is a heavily worn crater with a southwest rim that has been damaged by multiple small crater impacts. There is a valley-like gap in the northern rim that joins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4373585", "score": "0.9780322", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Celsius (crater)", "text": "Celsius with Celsius A. The interior floor of Celsius is almost featureless, except for a small craterlet in the northern half. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Celsius. Celsius (crater) Celsius is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged terrain in the southern hemisphere on the Moon's near side, it is named after Anders Celsius who was the founder of the Celsius temperature system which is part of the Metric system. It lies less than one crater diameter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4373586", "score": "0.9649571", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "(1701–1744) created a temperature scale that was the reverse of the scale now known as \"Celsius\": 0 represented the boiling point of water, while 100 represented the freezing point of water. In his paper \"Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer\", he recounted his experiments showing that the melting point of ice is essentially unaffected by pressure. He also determined with remarkable precision how the boiling point of water varied as a function of atmospheric pressure. He proposed that the zero point of his temperature scale, being the boiling point, would be calibrated at the mean barometric pressure at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551612", "score": "0.96077573", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "mean sea level. This pressure is known as one standard atmosphere. The BIPM's 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) later defined one standard atmosphere to equal precisely 1,013,250 dynes per square centimetre (101.325 kPa). In 1743, the Lyonnais physicist Jean-Pierre Christin, permanent secretary of the \"Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Lyon\", working independently of Celsius, developed a scale where zero represented the freezing point of water and 100 represented the boiling point of water. On 19 May 1743 he published the design of a mercury thermometer, the \"Thermometer of Lyon\" built by the craftsman Pierre Casati", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551613", "score": "0.9241861", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Mercury-in-glass thermometer", "text": "related to the rapid cooling (and contraction) of the glass. When Celsius decided to use his own temperature scale, he originally defined his scale \"upside-down\", i.e. he chose to set the boiling point of pure water at 0 °C (212 °F) and the freezing point at -100 °C (-32 °F). One year later, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Christin proposed to invert the scale with the freezing point at and the boiling point at . He named it Centigrade (100 grades). Finally, Celsius proposed a method of calibrating a thermometer: These points are adequate for approximate calibration but both vary with atmospheric pressure.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1328262", "score": "0.9215094", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Temperature", "text": "it is often convenient to use the Celsius scale, in which corresponds very closely to the freezing point of water and is its boiling point at sea level. Because liquid droplets commonly exist in clouds at sub-zero temperatures, is better defined as the melting point of ice. In this scale a temperature difference of 1 degree Celsius is the same as a increment, but the scale is offset by the temperature at which ice melts (). By international agreement the Kelvin and Celsius scales are defined by two fixing points: absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12785346", "score": "0.90929383", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Boiling point", "text": "boiling point of water\" at a standard pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar) is . For comparison, on top of Mount Everest, at elevation, the pressure is about and the boiling point of water is . The Celsius temperature scale was defined until 1954 by two points: 0 °C being defined by the water freezing point and 100 °C being defined by the water boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature, the lower the normal boiling point (i.e., the boiling point at atmospheric pressure) of the liquid. The vapor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "48672", "score": "0.9075422", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "Celsius scale are defined by absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), a specially purified water. This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible, is defined as being exactly 0 K and −273.15 °C. The temperature of the triple point of water is defined as exactly . This means that a temperature difference of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin are exactly the same. In 1742, Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551611", "score": "0.9010776", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "formally adopted \"degree Celsius\" in 1948, formally keeping the recognized degree symbol, rather than adopting the gradian/centesimal degree symbol. For scientific use, \"Celsius\" is the term usually used, with \"centigrade\" remaining in common but decreasing use, especially in informal contexts in English-speaking countries. It was not until February 1985 that the weather forecasts issued by the BBC switched from \"centigrade\" to \"Celsius\". Some key temperatures relating the Celsius scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below. The \"degree Celsius\" has been the only SI unit whose full unit name contains an uppercase letter since the SI base", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551617", "score": "0.8973722", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Temperature", "text": "as Temperature scales differ in two ways: the point chosen as zero degrees, and the magnitudes of incremental units or degrees on the scale. The Celsius scale (°C) is used for common temperature measurements in most of the world. It is an empirical scale that was developed by a historical progress, which led to its zero point being defined by the freezing point of water, and additional degrees defined so that was the boiling point of water, both at sea-level atmospheric pressure. Because of the 100-degree interval, it was called a centigrade scale. Since the standardization of the kelvin in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12785301", "score": "0.8947541", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Olof Celsius", "text": "Olof Celsius Olof Celsius (the elder) (19 July 1670 – 24 June 1756) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, \"Hierobotanicon\", in 1745-47. Olof Celsius's nephew Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented a temperature scale where 100 represented the freezing point of water and 0 represented the boiling point. Jean-Pierre Christin, in 1744 reversed the scale to create the centigrade scale, renamed in 1948 to the Celsius scale in use today.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9651547", "score": "0.8872393", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Olof Celsius", "text": "Olof Celsius was made a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1739. Olof Celsius Olof Celsius (the elder) (19 July 1670 – 24 June 1756) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, \"Hierobotanicon\", in 1745-47. Olof Celsius's nephew Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented a temperature scale where 100 represented the freezing point of water and 0 represented the boiling point. Jean-Pierre Christin, in 1744 reversed the scale", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9651548", "score": "0.87832564", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "differences between temperatures or their uncertainties (e.g. \"The output of the heat exchanger is hotter by 40 degrees Celsius\", and \"Our standard uncertainty is ±3 °C\"). Because of this dual usage, one must not rely upon the unit name or its symbol to denote that a quantity is a temperature interval; it must be unambiguous through context or explicit statement that the quantity is an interval. This is sometimes solved by using the symbol °C (pronounced \"degrees Celsius\") for a temperature, and C° (pronounced \"Celsius degrees\") for a temperature interval, although this usage is non-standard. Another way to express the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551621", "score": "0.86522603", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Scale of temperature", "text": "the Celsius scale are currently defined by two different points: absolute zero, and the triple point of VSMOW (specially prepared water). This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature (symbol: K). Absolute zero, the hypothetical but unattainable temperature at which matter exhibits zero entropy, is defined as being precisely 0 K \"and\" −273.15 °C. The temperature value of the triple point of water is defined as being precisely 273.16 K \"and\" 0.01 °C. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14985157", "score": "0.8620122", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Anders Celsius", "text": "independent of latitude (and of atmospheric pressure). He determined the dependence of the boiling of water with atmospheric pressure which was accurate even by modern-day standards. He further gave a rule for the determination of the boiling point if the barometric pressure deviates from a certain standard pressure. He proposed the Celsius temperature scale in a paper to the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, the oldest Swedish scientific society, founded in 1710. His thermometer was calibrated with a value of 100° for the freezing point of water and 0° for the boiling point. In 1745, a year after Celsius'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "26307", "score": "0.85931313", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "unit for temperature, the kelvin, became the proper name in 1967 replacing the term \"degrees Kelvin\". The plural form is \"degrees Celsius\". The general rule of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is that the numerical value always precedes the unit, and a space is always used to separate the unit from the number, (not \"\" or \"\"). The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle (°, ′, and ″, respectively), for which no space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol. Other languages,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551618", "score": "0.85808146", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "History of the metric system", "text": "clarified. The \"Celsius\", as an angular measure, was adopted for general use in a number of countries, so in 1948 the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) recommended that the degree Celsius, as used for the measurement of temperature, be renamed the degree Celsius. The SI Brochure (2006) notes that the gon is now a little-used alternative to the degree. At the 9th CGPM, the Celsius temperature scale was renamed the Celsius scale and the scale itself was fixed by defining the triple point of water as 0.01 °C, though the CGPM left the formal definition of absolute zero", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15597368", "score": "0.8568547", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Metric prefix", "text": "name 'degree Celsius'. For example, 12 m°C (12 millidegrees Celsius) is acceptable.\" In practice, it is more common for prefixes to be used with the kelvin when it is desirable to denote extremely large or small absolute temperatures or temperature differences. Thus, temperatures of star interiors may be given in units of MK (megakelvins), and molecular cooling may be described in mK (millikelvins). In use the joule and kilojoule are common, with larger multiples seen in limited contexts. In addition, the kilowatt hour, a composite unit formed from the kilowatt and hour, is often used for electrical energy; other multiples", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "370630", "score": "0.8528414", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Introduction to the metric system", "text": "the tonne is not an SI Unit, its continued use in many countries has led to it being \"accepted for use within SI\". The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) came into use in its present form in 1744 when 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere. Before 1948 the unit was known as \"centigrade\" from the Latin \"centum\" translated as 100 and \"gradus\" translated as \"steps\". However, in France and Spain, the word \"\"centigrade\"\" also meant 0.0001 of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15975453", "score": "0.8483834", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Fahrenheit", "text": "Cayman Islands and Liberia. Antigua and Barbuda and other islands which use the same meteorological service, such as Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, Montserrat and Saint Kitts and Nevis, as well as Bermuda, Belize and the Turks and Caicos Islands, use Fahrenheit and Celsius. All other countries in the world officially now use the Celsius scale, named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and the boiling point is 212 °F (at standard atmospheric pressure). This puts the boiling and freezing points of water 180 degrees apart. Therefore,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "147497", "score": "0.84748405", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "same is \"40°C ± 3 K\", which can be commonly found in literature. Celsius measurement follows an interval system but not a ratio system; and it follows a relative scale not an absolute scale. For example, 20 °C is not twice the heat energy of 10 °C; and 0 °C is not the lowest Celsius value. Thus, degrees Celsius is a useful interval measurement but does not possess the characteristics of ratio measures like weight or distance. In science and in engineering, the Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale are often used in combination in close contexts, e.g. \"a measured", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551622", "score": "0.8456013", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Celsius", "text": "Celsius scale at the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW, 273.16 K and 0.01 °C), and at absolute zero (0 K and −273.15 °C), is that neither the melting nor boiling point of water under one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) remains a defining point for the Celsius scale. In 1948 when the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in Resolution 3 first considered using the triple point of water as a defining point, the triple point was so close to being 0.01 °C greater than water's known melting point, it was simply defined as precisely", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12551624", "score": "0.8443864", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Celsius (comics)", "text": "Doomed which also consists of Aalak of the Komeriah, Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man, Aruna, Beast Girl, Maya, Solstice, and Son of Kalki. Celsius is a superior martial artist due to her monastery training. She has minor levels of ancient mysticism taught to her due to her monastery training in the Himalayas by Buddhist monks. These same Buddhist monks taught Arani to control and manipulate her core temperature, projecting formidable heat to a volcanic level from her left hand or intense cold and ice to an arctic level from her right hand after Niles Caulder's \"immortality serum\" triggered her metagene. Celsius was even", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8403815", "score": "0.8403012", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Anders Celsius", "text": "name \"Celsius\" is a latinization of the estate's name (Latin \"celsus\" \"mound\"). As the son of an astronomy professor, Nils Celsius, and the grandson of the mathematician Magnus Celsius and the astronomer Anders Spole, Celsius chose a career in science. He was a talented mathematician from an early age. Anders Celsius studied at Uppsala University, where his father was a teacher, and in 1730 he, too, became a professor of astronomy there. In 1730, Celsius published the (\"New Method for Determining the Distance from the Earth to the Sun\"). His research also involved the study of auroral phenomena, which he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "26302", "score": "0.8387208", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Fahrenheit", "text": "cooking, and freezing temperatures are typically given in degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists, such as meteorologists, use Celsius or Kelvin in all countries. Early in the 20th century, Halsey and Dale suggested that the resistance to the use of centigrade (now Celsius) system in the U.S. included the larger size of each degree Celsius and the lower zero point in the Fahrenheit system. Canada has passed legislation favoring the International System of Units, while also maintaining legal definitions for traditional Canadian imperial units. Canadian weather reports are conveyed using degrees Celsius with occasional reference to Fahrenheit especially for cross-border broadcasts. Virtually all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "147506", "score": "0.8354588", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Temperature", "text": "scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is = , or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the U.S., notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and Celsius scales. Other engineering fields in the U.S. also rely upon the Rankine scale (a shifted Fahrenheit scale) when working in thermodynamic-related disciplines such as combustion. The basic unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI) is the kelvin. It has the symbol K. For everyday applications,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12785345", "score": "0.8333592", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Medical thermometer", "text": "Bahamas, Belize, and the Cayman Islands. Prominent Dutch mathematician, astronomer and physicist Christiaan Huygens created a clinical thermometer in 1665, to which he added an early form of the centigrade scale by setting the scale to the freezing and boiling points of water. By 1742 Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius created the Celsius temperature scale that was the reverse of the modern scale, in that \"0\" was the boiling point of water, while \"100\" was freezing. It would later be reversed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) in 1744. Working independently of Celsius, the Lyonnais physicist Jean-Pierre Christin, permanent secretary of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7308451", "score": "0.8320904", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Degree (temperature)", "text": "Degree (temperature) The term degree is used in several scales of temperature. The symbol ° is usually used, followed by the initial letter of the unit, for example “°C” for degree(s) Celsius. A degree can be defined as a set change in temperature measured against a given scale, for example, one degree Celsius is one hundredth of the temperature change between the point at which water starts to change state from solid to liquid state and the point at which it starts to change from its gaseous state to liquid. Common scales of temperature measured in degrees: Other scales of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4127483", "score": "0.8302602", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Celsius", "long_answer": "The Celsius scale, previously known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was called centigrade, from the Latin centum, which means 100, and gradus, which means steps.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was called centigrade,", "short_answers": [ "the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius" ] }

[ "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes" ]

[ { "title": "Keeley Hawes", "text": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet, Zoe Reynolds in Spooks (2002–2004), Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008–2010), Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs, Downstairs, Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty (2014–2016), as a mother in search of her abducted child", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Line of Duty", "text": "DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey) and DS Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson). The second series of \"Line of Duty\"consisting of six episodespremiered on 12 February 2014. The series follows DC Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they lead an investigation into the corrupt actions of DI Lindsay Denton (Keeley Hawes). The series' supporting characters include DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey) and DI Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson). Series two received even better reviews than its predecessor, despite lower viewing figures, and was ranked the best television drama of 2014 by \"The Observer\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16609958", "score": "1.2540529", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Line of Duty", "text": "The third series of \"Line of Duty\"consisting of six episodespremiered on 24 March 2016. The series follows DC Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they lead an investigation into the corrupt actions of Sergeant Danny Waldron (Daniel Mays). The series' supporting characters include DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey), DI Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson), and DI Lindsay Denton (Keeley Hawes). The storyline in this series is a direct continuation of the second series' plot. The fourth series of \"Line of Duty\", consisting of six episodes, began broadcasting on 26 March 2017", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16609959", "score": "1.2422612", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Line of Duty", "text": "on BBC One. The story follows DS Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they investigate the actions of DCI Roseanne Huntley (Thandie Newton). The supporting characters include FC Tim Ifield (Jason Watkins), DC Jodie Taylor (Claudia Jessie), and DS Sam Railston (Aiysha Hart). As with the previous two series, the storyline is linked thematically to that of series 1. The fifth series is due to start filming in September 2018. The BBC announced the commission of a sixth series on 5 May 2017. Series one and two were created and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16609960", "score": "1.1815372", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Paula (TV series)", "text": "of BBC drama, Polly Hill. Alongside Gough and Hughes, the series also stars Owen McDonnell as police officer Mac, and Edward MacLiam as Paula's love interest, fellow teacher Philip Byrden. The series was directed by Alex Holmes and produced by Peter Norris, known for his work on former BBC2 stablemate \"Line of Duty\". Gough said of her character: \"This woman is acting out in this way that so many of us do and not apologising for it. Also I love the connection to her family. She has a weird lack of intimacy with her family and that informed why she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20192974", "score": "1.0887651", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Keeley Hawes", "text": "in the three-episode relaunch of \"Upstairs, Downstairs\". On 25 April 2011, Hawes narrated the documentary \"Kate and William: A Royal Love Story\" on BBC One, prior to the wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton. On 20 June 2011, she narrated the ITV1 documentary \"Four of a Kind\" as part of ITV's Extraordinary Families season. She appeared as Catherine Mundi in the fantasy adventure film \"Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box\". In 2014 she guest-starred as Ms. Delphox in the eighth series of \"Doctor Who\". Her performance as Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the BBC Two drama \"Line of Duty\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3661244", "score": "1.0664932", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Keeley Hawes", "text": "revival of \"Upstairs, Downstairs\", the limited series \"The Casual Vacancy\" (2015), \"The Missing\" (2016), and the ITV comedy-drama \"The Durrells\" (2016-present). She was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her performance in Jed Mercurio's police procedural \"Line of Duty\" as DI Lindsey Denton. She teamed with Mercurio for the 2018 thriller \"Bodyguard\" in which she played Home Secretary Julia Montague. Hawes has also appeared in films, including \"Death at a Funeral\" (2007) and \"High-Rise\" (2015), and she provided the voice of Lara Croft in a series of \"Tomb Raider\" video games. Hawes was born at St", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3661238", "score": "1.0449779", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Royce Pierreson", "text": "officer Jamie Desford in the fourth season of \"Line of Duty.\" In addition to work in film and on the television, Pierreson has had roles in many theatre productions. He was in a 2012 production of \"Scarberia\" at Theatre Royal in York, a 2013 production of \"Blair's Children\" at Cockpit Theatre in Marylebone, a 2015 production of \"Patrick Marber's \"Three Days in the Country\" at Lyttelton Theatre in London. Royce Pierreson Royce Pierreson (born 1 April 1989) is a British actor, known for his role as Reece in \"Murdered by My Boyfriend.\" He appears as part of the main ensemble", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19918357", "score": "1.0420954", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Tanya Franks", "text": "at the Vaudeville Theatre in London's West End and on tour. Tanya then rose to prominence when her TV career began in 2000, after being cast in the Channel 5 soap opera \"Family Affairs\" as Karen Ellis. Franks continued in the soap opera for three years, with storylines including a cancer scare, infertility, surrogacy, and a child custody battle, before leaving the series in 2003. In 2004, Franks was cast as DI Rowanne Morell in the long-running ITV1 police serial-drama \"The Bill\". Franks stayed with the serial for over a year, with her character investigating various murders of police officers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5611600", "score": "1.0217868", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Line of Duty", "text": "written by Jed Mercurio and produced by World Productions, on behalf of BBC Two. David Caffrey and Douglas Mackinnon directed series one. Mackinnon was retained as director for series two's first three episodes, whilst Daniel Nettheim directed series two's last three episodes. Mercurio produced series one and acted as executive producer for series two, with Peter Norris taking over as producer for series two. Although the police refused to co-operate with the programme's producers, the production team was advised anonymously by serving officers and by retired police officers. Use was made of anonymous police blogs. Series one was filmed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16609961", "score": "1.019263", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "In the Line of Duty (film series)", "text": "In the Line of Duty (film series) In the Line of Duty () is a series of girls with guns feature films produced by Hong Kong movie studio D & B Films which star, in the first two, Michelle Yeoh and, in subsequent instalments, Cynthia Khan as a police officer who combines use of firearms with martial arts. The third was the first to use the \"In the Line of Duty\" title, retroactively applied to the two Michelle Yeoh vehicles. Due to the entries being thematically rather than narratively related and their varying titles and release order in different territories", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15850492", "score": "1.01876", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "James Denton", "text": "appeared in various television shows, including: \"Sliders\", \"Dark Skies\", \"Two Guys and a Girl\", \"Ally McBeal\", \"The West Wing\", and \"JAG\", and has had recurring roles in \"The Pretender\", \"Philly\", \"The Drew Carey Show\" and \"Reba\". In 2003, he had the lead role of Special Agent John Kilmer in the short-lived crime thriller series, \"Threat Matrix\". In 2004, Denton won Mike Delfino on the series, \"Desperate Housewives\". Since first appearing in \"Desperate Housewives\", Denton has continued to act in various made-for-TV and direct-to-DVD movies, including: \"Assumption\" (2006), \"Beautiful Dreamer\" (2006), \"Undead or Alive\" (2007), \"Custody\" (2007), \"Tortured\" (2008) and \"All-Star", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10035368", "score": "1.0161213", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Adrian Dunbar", "text": "to acting. Adrian Dunbar Adrian Dunbar (born 1 August 1958) is an actor and director from Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, best known for his television and theatre work. Dunbar co-wrote and starred in the 1991 film, \"Hear My Song\", nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the BAFTA awards. More recently, he has been better known for his role of Superintendent Ted Hastings in the BBC One thriller \"Line of Duty\"; a role he has portrayed since 2012. He has also appeared as Alan Cox in \"The Jump (1998 TV series)\", Martin Summers in \"Ashes to Ashes\", Richard Plantagenet in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5654123", "score": "1.0154135", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Vicky McClure", "text": "England '86\" in 2011. She is also well known for her work as Detective Sergeant Kate Fleming in the BBC series \"Line of Duty\" and Karen White in ITV's \"Broadchurch\". Her other roles include \"Filth and Wisdom\" (2008), \"Hummingbird\" (2013), and \"Svengali\" (2013) as well as co-starring in BBC's \"The Replacement\" (2017). McClure was born in Wollaton, Nottingham. Her father was a joiner and her mother a hairdresser, and she has a younger sister. McClure was educated at the Fernwood Comprehensive School. From age three she took dance lessons, before at age 11 auditioning for the Central Junior Television Workshop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10271037", "score": "1.0092264", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Lindsay Hollister", "text": "Lindsay Hollister Lindsay Hollister (born June 3, 1977) is an American actress. Hollister was born in Columbus, Ohio. She graduated from Pickerington High School and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in Theatre Performance from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. She has appeared in many American television shows, including \"Boston Public\", \"Popular\", \"Days of Our Lives\", \"ER\", \"Cold Case\", \"Nip/Tuck\" and \"\". She appeared as Nell Goldman in the \"Scrubs\" episode \"My Boss's Free Haircut\", Laurie Dunne in \"Cold Case\" episode \"The Promise\", Xena in the \"My Name Is Earl\" episode \"O Karma, Where Art Thou?\", and Maureen in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9986908", "score": "1.0067611", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Line of Duty", "text": "of all time and in a poll of the best British crime dramas of all time. In the United States, the first series was aired on Hulu in August 2012 as an exclusive series. Kew Media (previously known as Content Media) handles international distribution of the series. The first series of \"Line of Duty\", broadcast from 26 June 2012 and consisting of five episodes, follows DC Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they lead an investigation into the corrupt actions of DCI Tony Gates (Lennie James). The supporting characters include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16609957", "score": "1.0061002", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Line of Fire (2003 TV series)", "text": "Line of Fire (2003 TV series) Line of Fire is an American crime drama television series that was broadcast on ABC for 11 episodes in the winter of 2003-2004. It starred Leslie Bibb and Jeffrey D. Sams. The show was canceled after just 11 episodes in June 2004, though 13 episodes in all were produced. Two rookie FBI agents (Leslie Bibb and Jeffrey D. Sams) are assigned to the bureau's Richmond, Virginia branch, where their story parallels that of a local mob boss, Jonah Malloy (David Paymer). When a fellow agent is murdered in a shootout with the gangsters, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5905663", "score": "0.9985675", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rebecca O'Mara", "text": "in the UK and Ireland since graduating from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA). She played Minnie Larkins in \"The History of Mr Polly\", Mrs. O Keefe in the 2014 Ken Loach film Jimmy's Hall and has guest starred in various television programmes including Line of Duty and \"Doctors\", but is probably best known for her role as scene of crime officer, Frankie Hynes, in TV3's \"Red Rock\" She is the younger sister of actor, Jason O'Mara. Rebecca O'Mara Rebecca O'Mara (born 15 March 1977) is an Irish actress. The Dublin born actress grew up by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20265533", "score": "0.99803376", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Lindsay Pulsipher", "text": "series including \"House, M.D.\", \"\" and \"NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service\", and eventually received a regular role with Patrick Swayze in \"The Beast\" (2009). She took the role of Crystal Norris beginning with the third season of the \"True Blood\" (2010). She has starred in two features directed by Calvin Reeder: \"The Oregonian\" (2011), and \"The Rambler\" (2013), and most recently, she guest-starred as Kim Rollins, Amanda Rollins' troubled sister on \"\". Pulsipher was confirmed as the replacement for Hilary Duff as Bonnie Parker in the remake of \"The Bonnie and Clyde Story\", but she was later replaced with English", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14539367", "score": "0.9969109", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Julie Graham", "text": "Julie Graham Julie Graham (born 24 July 1965) is a Scottish television and film actress. Graham has appeared in the Channel 4 \"Blood Red Roses\" (1986, filmed in East Kilbride) and the BBC TV series \"The Houseman's Tale\" (1987). She has also had roles as Alison McGrellis in \"Casualty\" (1988–1989), Alice in \"Harry\" (1993–1995), Alison McIntyre in \"Life Support\" (1999), Lisa Kennedy in \"The Bill\" (2010), Megan Hartnoll in \"At Home with the Braithwaites\" (2000–2003), Alona Cunningham in \"Between the Sheets\" (2003), and Mary Gilcrest in \"William and Mary\" (2003–2005). Her film credits include \"The Fruit Machine\" (1988), \"Silent Scream\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11687353", "score": "0.9905378", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lindsay Hollister", "text": "the \"Desperate Housewives\" episode \"No One Is Alone\". She appears in the following films: \"Bachelor Party Vegas\" in 2006, \"From Bubba With Love\" and \"Postal\" in 2007, \"Disfigured\" and \"Get Smart\" in 2008 as Steve Carell's dance partner. Hollister stars in the Uwe Boll film \"Blubberella\". In an interview with Popzara's Brittany Vincent, Lindsay claims she took the role because of diminishing opportunity for overweight actresses to find work in Hollywood. \"I’ve been doing this for ten years. While I’ve been extremely lucky to play some amazing characters, I’ve watched the roles dry up. And I’ve been shut out of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9986909", "score": "0.98432904", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "In the Line of Duty (film series)", "text": "and formats, what is considered part of the series and which number of it is open to debate. One wide interpretation is, in order of original release: In the Line of Duty (film series) In the Line of Duty () is a series of girls with guns feature films produced by Hong Kong movie studio D & B Films which star, in the first two, Michelle Yeoh and, in subsequent instalments, Cynthia Khan as a police officer who combines use of firearms with martial arts. The third was the first to use the \"In the Line of Duty\" title, retroactively", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15850493", "score": "0.9842447", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Dominic Power", "text": "Leon Taylor in ITV police drama \"The Bill\", having previously appeared in a guest role in 2000. He began appearing on screen from June 2008, alongside fellow new castings Clare Foster (PC Millie Brown) and Abhin Galeya (PC Arun Ghir). Leon was one of only three uniform officers to stay with the show until its final episode, which was aired on August 31, 2010. He appeared in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale as Cameron Murray, the lover of Debbie Dingle, whom she met in Jersey. He also appeared in The Bill as Piers Halston in 2007. His character, Cameron Murray", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11795279", "score": "0.9838076", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Adrian Dunbar", "text": "Adrian Dunbar Adrian Dunbar (born 1 August 1958) is an actor and director from Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, best known for his television and theatre work. Dunbar co-wrote and starred in the 1991 film, \"Hear My Song\", nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the BAFTA awards. More recently, he has been better known for his role of Superintendent Ted Hastings in the BBC One thriller \"Line of Duty\"; a role he has portrayed since 2012. He has also appeared as Alan Cox in \"The Jump (1998 TV series)\", Martin Summers in \"Ashes to Ashes\", Richard Plantagenet in \"The Hollow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5654117", "score": "0.98044705", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Danny Messer", "text": "kill Lucy if she didn't do as he ordered. Even though Danny told her to do as ordered, Lindsay fires a shot at Casey (the shot heard at the end of season 6), killing him instantly. Danny then runs to get Lucy out of the hands of Casey. Lindsay was then honored for her bravery. In the season 7 finale, \"Exit Strategy\", it is revealed that Danny has taken, and passed, the sergeant's exam. At the beginning of season 8 he works as a Patrol Sergeant training rookie officers. By the end of episode 804, \"Officer Involved\", Danny voluntarily gives", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9164481", "score": "0.9768349", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Vicky McClure", "text": "co-starred in the London-based comedy film \"Filth and Wisdom\", the first feature film directed by pop singer Madonna. She admitted to being slightly star-struck upon first meeting Madonna, \"I tried to act as cool as possible but inside I'm like, \"Oh my God; there's Madonna!\" You can't help it\". The film premièred at the Berlin International Film Festival on 13 February 2008. She was approached an auditioned for a role in ITV soap \"Emmerdale\", but decided to turn it down. She later joined the cast of the British police procedural television series, \"Line of Duty\" in 2012 as DC Kate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10271041", "score": "0.972989", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Jessica Raine", "text": "the series as part of its fiftieth anniversary celebrations. In 2014 Raine joined the cast of the BBC2 police drama \"Line of Duty\" for series 2 as Detective Constable Georgia Trotman working for the AC12 anti corruption unit. She played Tuppence Beresford in the 2015 series \"Partners in Crime\" based on Agatha Christie's Tommy and Tuppence stories, though the series is set in 1952 rather than the 1920s. Raine began dating actor Tom Goodman-Hill in 2010 after they met while co-starring in a play. Goodman-Hill and Raine married on 1 September 2015. Jessica Raine Jessica Raine (born Jessica Helen Lloyd;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16215546", "score": "0.9719175", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Respect (The Bill)", "text": "(Jumayne Hunte). As Meadows and Detective Inspector Neil Manson (Andrew Lancel) question the suspects, Smithy visits Jasmine in hospital, where she refuses to give a statement and prosecute. Due to a lack of evidence, the team are forced to release Simmons, Wilson and Carlos Miller. Jasmine is discharged from hospital, and still refuses to give a statement. However, as the team sees fit to give up, much to the anger of Mickey, CSE Eddie Olosunje (Jason Barnett) discovers that the gunshot fired at the end of the previous episode was fired upwards, and so possibly to alert passers-by, and to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14871264", "score": "0.97120315", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Line of Duty", "text": "controversial scenes and that programme makers had not followed the best practice advice of the BBC's Editorial Policy Unit. However, the regulator found that there was no actual harm, distress or anxiety caused to the child actor. iTunes releases for \"Line of Duty\" Blinkbox releases for \"Line of Duty\" BBC Store releases for \"Line of Duty\" DVD releases for \"Line of Duty\" Blu-ray releases for \"Line of Duty\" Line of Duty Line of Duty is a British BBC police procedural television series created by Jed Mercurio. The first series premiered on 26 June 2012 and became BBC Two's best-performing drama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16609964", "score": "0.97106266", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Julie Stewart", "text": "performance as Sgt. Ali McCormick in \"Cold Squad\". For the same role she received a Leo Award nomination for \"Best Lead Performance By A Female in a Dramatic Series\" in 2002 and won the award in 2003. Julie Stewart Julie Anne Stewart (born 1967) is a Canadian stage, film, television and voice actress, and director. She is most commonly known for her role as Sgt. Ali McCormick from the CTV television series \"Cold Squad\". Stewart was born in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and studied acting at the National Theatre School of Canada in Montreal, Quebec. She is married to music and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10129779", "score": "0.96462804", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Keeley Hawes", "long_answer": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet, Zoe Reynolds in Spooks (2002–2004), Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008–2010), Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs, Downstairs, Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty (2014–2016), as a mother in search of her abducted child in the BBC series The Missing, and as Louisa Durrell in the ITV series The Durrells.", "chunked_long_answer": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet, Zoe Reynolds in Spooks (2002–2004), Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008–2010), Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs, Downstairs, Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty (2014–2016), as a mother in search of her abducted child", "short_answers": [ "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes" ] }

[ "2005", "1978" ]

[ { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel)", "text": "to the Galaxy\" is a specially designed book made in 1994. It was first printed in the United Kingdom by Weidenfeld & Nicolson and in the United States by Harmony Books (who sold it for $42.00). It is an oversized book, and came in silver-foil \"holographic\" covers in both the UK and US markets. It features the first appearance of the 42 Puzzle, designed by Adams himself, a photograph of Adams and his literary agent Ed Victor as the two space cops, and many other designs by Kevin Davies, who has participated in many Hitchhiker's related projects since the stage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2676888", "score": "1.1662177", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "have come from Adams' abandoned \"Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen\" project (instead of a TV version of the second radio series). However, Adams got into disputes with the BBC (accounts differ: problems with budget, scripts, and having Alan Bell and/or Geoffrey Perkins involved were all offered as causes), and the second series was never made. The elements of the \"Doctor Who and the Krikketmen\" project instead became the third novel, \"Life, the Universe and Everything\". In 1992, Kevin Davies wrote and directed a documentary entitled \"The Making of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.\" Davies had previously worked on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108434", "score": "1.1613854", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Douglas Adams", "text": "and \"The Deeper Meaning of Liff\". \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" was a concept for a science-fiction comedy radio series pitched by Adams and radio producer Simon Brett to BBC Radio 4 in 1977. Adams came up with an outline for a pilot episode, as well as a few other stories (reprinted in Neil Gaiman's book \"\") that could be used in the series. According to Adams, the idea for the title occurred to him while he lay drunk in a field in Innsbruck, Austria, gazing at the stars. He was carrying a copy of the \"Hitch-hiker's Guide to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106107", "score": "1.1534956", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (fictional)", "text": "on a lunch break than working, \"most of the actual work got done by any passing stranger who happened to wander into the empty offices of an afternoon and saw something worth doing.\" This has led to the \"Guide\" being patchy in its coverage, cobbled together (for example: the entry on \"The Universe\" was copied from the back of a packet of breakfast cereal) and often riddled with errors. Although Ford puts together a lengthy and detailed entry on Earth during the 15 years he is stranded there, the editors cut it down to two words: \"Mostly harmless.\" In \"So", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9535004", "score": "1.1522552", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "in the Blu-ray format and UMD format for the PlayStation Portable were also released on the respective dates in these three countries. There have been multiple professional and amateur stage adaptations of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". There were three early professional productions, which were staged in 1979 and 1980. The first of these was performed at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, between 1 and 19 May 1979, starring Chris Langham as Arthur Dent (Langham later returned to \"Hitchhiker's\" as Prak in the final episode of 2004's Tertiary Phase) and Richard Hope as Ford Prefect. This show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "423350", "score": "1.1454217", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "some resistance to a project considered \"unfilmable,\" Alan J. W. Bell was given the duties to produce and direct the TV adaptation. John Lloyd was signed as associate producer. In early 1980, production on the pilot episode began on several fronts. Rod Lord of Pearce Animation Studios directed a 50-second pilot, hand-animated, giving a 'computer graphic' feel to the Babel Fish speech of the first episode. Douglas Adams and Alan J.W. Bell were both pleased with the animation, and Lord was given the go-ahead to do all of the animation for Episode 1, and subsequently the complete TV series. Narration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108410", "score": "1.1424464", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (video game)", "text": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (video game) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is an interactive fiction video game based on the comedic science fiction series of the same name. It was designed by series creator Douglas Adams and Infocom's Steve Meretzky, and was first released in 1984 for the Apple II, Macintosh, Commodore 64, CP/M, MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari 8-bit family and Atari ST. It is Infocom's fourteenth game. The game loosely mirrors a portion of the series' plot, representing most of the events in the first book. Arthur Dent wakes up one day to find his house about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1920586", "score": "1.1417279", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (fictional)", "text": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (fictional) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a fictional electronic guide book in the multimedia scifi/comedy series of the same name by Douglas Adams. The Guide serves as \"the standard repository for all knowledge and wisdom\" for many members of the series' galaxy-spanning civilization. Entries from the guidebook are used as comic narration to bridge events and provide background information in every version of the story. The guide is published by \"Megadodo Publications\", a publishing company on Ursa Minor Beta. In the original radio scripts, the Guide's voice was called the \"Narrator\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9534998", "score": "1.141555", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "series, directed and produced by Alan J. W. Bell, which first aired on BBC 2 in January and February 1981. It employed many of the actors from the radio series and was based mainly on the radio versions of Fits the First to Sixth. A second series was at one point planned, with a storyline, according to Alan Bell and Mark Wing-Davey that would have come from Adams's abandoned \"Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen\" project (instead of simply making a TV version of the second radio series). However, Adams got into disputes with the BBC (accounts differ: problems with budget,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "423337", "score": "1.1387377", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "a new edition of The Guide. Along with the announcement, Hothead Games launched a teaser web site made to look like an announcement from Megadodo Publications that The Guide will soon be available on Earth. It has since been revealed that they are developing an iOS app in the style of the fictional Guide. In 1993, DC Comics, in conjunction with Byron Preiss Visual Publications, published a three-part comic book adaptation of the novelisation of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". This was followed up with three-part adaptations of \"The Restaurant at the End of the Universe\" in 1994, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "423371", "score": "1.1300409", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)", "text": "Guide, describing the \"Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"s entry on movie trailers. An audio collection called \"Additional Guide Entries\", read by Stephen Fry, was released to iTunes to promote the film. The entries were set to music by Joby Talbot, and written by Tim Browse and Sean Sollé (with the exception of the \"How to be Cool\" entry, which was also co-written by Yoz Grahame). The \"Hitchhiker's Guide to Technology\" claims that if you make yourself a cup of tea and attempt to get an object working and the tea goes cold before you finish, you are dealing with technology.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3743801", "score": "1.1294471", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "a Laserdisc release. The complete series on one tape and the Making of on the second tape could also be purchased in a box set edition. Restoration of the six episodes and the Making of documentary were begun in 2001, with a Region 2+4 DVD release in the United Kingdom by BBC Video (Catalogue Number BBCDVD 1092) in January 2002. A Region 1 edition, released by Warner Home Video, followed in April 2002. Both DVD editions are two-disc sets, with the six episodes on disc 1, and bonus materials on disc 2. The North American DVD edition also has a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108438", "score": "1.1279526", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Douglas Adams's Guide to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "Douglas Adams's Guide to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams's Guide to The Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a BBC Radio production sold as an audio book on two cassette tapes (later, two CDs). The programme was partially broadcast by BBC Radio 4 as a 40-minute feature titled \"The Guide to 20 Years' Hitch-Hiking\" on 5 March 1998, marking the 20th anniversary of the first radio programme in the \"Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series\". The first tape runs 55 minutes and is narrated by Peter Jones, who narrated the original radio series. It features comments by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10843071", "score": "1.126152", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel)", "text": "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" (1979), \"The Restaurant at the End of the Universe\" (1980), \"Life, the Universe and Everything\" (1982), \"So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish\" (1984) and \"Mostly Harmless\" (1992). On 16 September 2008 it was announced that Irish author Eoin Colfer was to pen a sixth book. The book, entitled \"And Another Thing...\", was published in October 2009, on the 30th anniversary of the publication of the original novel. When Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster was launched into space on the maiden flight of the Falcon Heavy rocket in February 2018, it had the words DON'T", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2676893", "score": "1.1253496", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "for the first episode was recorded by Peter Jones in March 1980. The filming of two green-skinned aliens reacting to Pan Galactic Gargle Blasters was done on 8 May 1980. Further filming of crowd reactions to the Vogons, location filming of Arthur's house and a scene in a pub were done between 11 and 16 May 1980. Scenes aboard the Vogon ship were recorded on 7 June 1980, in the BBC's TC1 studio. The final edit of the pilot episode was completed on 2 July 1980, and it was premiered for a test audience three days later (5 July 1980).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108411", "score": "1.121084", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "a human-like alien writer for the eccentric, electronic travel guide \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", by hitchhiking onto a passing Vogon spacecraft. Following his rescue, Dent explores the galaxy with Prefect and encounters Trillian, another human who had been taken from Earth prior to its destruction by the President of the Galaxy, the two-headed Zaphod Beeblebrox, and the depressed Marvin, the Paranoid Android. Certain narrative details were changed between the various adaptations. The various versions follow the same basic plot but they are in many places mutually contradictory, as Adams rewrote the story substantially for each new adaptation. Throughout", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "423298", "score": "1.120151", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (video game)", "text": "game included: For the 20th anniversary, the text-based game with some graphics appeared on the BBC. This was later expanded with further graphics created by fans after a short contest. A 30th Anniversary of the game was released on the BBC's website in March 2014. The game includes an improved graphical interface via HTML, though still requires players to type in commands, and will send out tweets based on the player's actions. \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" was very successful. It sold 59,000 copies in 1984—in second place among Infocom games after \"Zork I\"—and with 166,000 copies it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1920594", "score": "1.1194848", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "of Krikkit attempted to wipe out all life in the Universe, but they were stopped and imprisoned on their home planet; now they are poised to escape. With the help of Marvin, Zaphod, and Trillian, our heroes prevent the destruction of life in the Universe and go their separate ways. This was the first Hitchhiker's book originally written as a book and not adapted from radio. Its story was based on a treatment Adams had written for a \"Doctor Who\" theatrical release, with the Doctor role being split between Slartibartfast (to begin with), and later Trillian and Arthur. In 2004", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "423323", "score": "1.1182096", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "more than one episode at a time without interruption. The UK videotape release was on two cassettes, each consisting of three episodes edited to run together and also adding some previously unseen material. The soundtrack was remixed into stereo. The North American VHS tape release by CBS-Fox Home Video included this material on a single video cassette. The DVD edition claims to be the final and definitive version of the six TV episodes. Another production problem was that, being a visual adaptation, a solution had to be found to display Zaphod's three arms and two heads, a joke originally written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108415", "score": "1.117049", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel)", "text": "the First through Sixth. A second series was at one point planned, with a storyline, according to Alan Bell and Mark Wing-Davey that would have come from Adams's abandoned \"Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen\" project (instead of simply making a TV version of the second radio series). However, Adams got into disputes with the BBC (accounts differ: problems with budget, scripts, and having Alan Bell involved are all offered as causes), and the second series was never made. Elements of \"Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen\" were instead used in the third novel, \"Life, the Universe and Everything\". The main cast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2676891", "score": "1.1168146", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (video game)", "text": "also be downloaded, although an interpreter that supports Z-Machine version 4 and version 6-story files is required. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (video game) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is an interactive fiction video game based on the comedic science fiction series of the same name. It was designed by series creator Douglas Adams and Infocom's Steve Meretzky, and was first released in 1984 for the Apple II, Macintosh, Commodore 64, CP/M, MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari 8-bit family and Atari ST. It is Infocom's fourteenth game. The game loosely mirrors a portion of the series' plot, representing most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1920606", "score": "1.1162914", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)", "text": "adventures of hapless Englishman Arthur Dent and his friend Ford Prefect, an alien who writes for \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", a pan-galactic encyclopaedia and travel guide. After Earth is destroyed in the first episode, Arthur and Ford find themselves aboard a stolen spaceship piloted by a motley crew including Zaphod Beeblebrox (Ford's semi-cousin and Galactic President), depressed robot Marvin, and Trillian, the only other human survivor of Earth's destruction. A pilot programme was commissioned in March 1977, and was recorded by the end of the following June. A second series was commissioned in 1979, transmitted in 1980. Episodes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5087862", "score": "1.1159874", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "credited with starting the process of adapting the series for television, after the receipt of the pilot script, with a memo to the head of light entertainment (John Howard Davies) in September 1979. Adams was still working on scripts for the second radio series of Hitchhiker's and working as script editor for Doctor Who, and thus the BBC extended the deadline for the pilot script of the television adaptation to the end of November. The script for the pilot was delivered in December 1979, and terms for the five remaining scripts were agreed upon in January 1980. While there was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108409", "score": "1.1156106", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)", "text": "copy of the \"Omnibus\" tribute to Douglas Adams, from BBC 2, that aired on 4 August 2001, which the UK DVD edition does not. A special edition box set of the series was released on Blu-ray and DVD on 1 October 2018. The set featured upscaled HD versions of the original episodes alongside optional stereo or 5.1 surround sound mixes remastered by Mark Ayres, formerly of the BBC's Radiophonic Workshop. In North America, the complete series is viewable on Hulu and Amazon Prime. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a BBC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5108439", "score": "1.1134953", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Ken Campbell", "text": "have not\" More recently the cycle was revived in the 1990s in a production directed by Campbell's daughter Daisy. In May 1979, again at the ICA, the company presented the first stage version of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". One eye-popping aspect of the production was that for each set change the entire audience was wafted 1/2000th-of-an-inch above the floor aboard an industrial hovercraft. The cast cavorted on various ledges and platforms. The craft's carrying capacity meant that audiences were limited to a maximum of eighty each night. Langham was Arthur Dent, Richard Hope as Ford Prefect and narration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4461173", "score": "1.1111279", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "was adapted from the first series' scripts and was directed by Ken Campbell, who went on to perform a character in the final episode of the second radio series. The show ran 90 minutes, but had an audience limited to eighty people per night. Actors performed on a variety of ledges and platforms, and the audience was pushed around in a hovercar, 1/2000th of an inch above the floor. This was the first time that Zaphod was represented by having two actors in one large costume. The narration of \"The Book\" was split between two usherettes, an adaptation that has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "423351", "score": "1.1108867", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)", "text": "the other characters. He made this character an alien and, remembering an idea he supposedly had had while lying drunk in a field in Innsbruck, Austria in 1971, decided that this character would be a \"roving reporter\" for \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy,\" a pan-galactic encyclopaedia and travel guide. Recollections by his friends at the time indicate that Adams first spoke of the idea of \"hitchhiking around the galaxy\" while on holiday in Greece in 1973. As the first episode's writing progressed, the \"Guide\" became the central focus of his story, and Adams decided to base the whole series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5087866", "score": "1.1066206", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel)", "text": "PANIC on the dashboard display and carried amongst other items a copy of the novel and a towel. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel) The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is the first of five books in the \"Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\" comedy science fiction \"trilogy\" by Douglas Adams. The novel is an adaptation of the first four parts of Adams' radio series of the same name. The novel was first published in London on 12 October 1979. It sold 250,000 copies in the first three months. The namesake of the novel is \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2676894", "score": "1.1055102", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)", "text": "Other guides include the \"Hitchhiker's Guide to Blogging\", the \"Hitchhiker's Guide to Deadlines\" and the \"Hitchhiker's Guide to How to be Cool\" which discusses how an individual can truly be cool, instead of by following crowds, but concludes by suggesting the listener attend a showing of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". The \"Guide to Websites\", which only appeared on the official UK movie website, described a website as \"a wonderful new invention that allows people you neither know nor care about to inform you what they had for breakfast this morning, without all that tedious mucking about in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3743802", "score": "1.0990119", "original_retrieval_index": 44 } ]

{ "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "long_answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film.", "short_answers": [ "1978", "2005" ] }

[ "Chlorofluorocarbons" ]

[ { "title": "Chlorofluorocarbon", "text": "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common representative is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or Freon-12). Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), and solvents. Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (e.g., R-410A) and R-134a.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Couples for Christ", "text": "1981. Although FFL has received support from some Philippine and foreign dioceses, CFC still retains its recognition as a Catholic ministry nationally in the Philippines and internationally. Many bishops have also declared recognition of CFC in their dioceses, including John J. Myers, Archbishop of Newark. In 2009, CFC-Global found itself being split again into 2 groups, CFC-IC and CFC-Gawad Kalinga. This was triggered when the existing conflict between CFC and GK leaders resurfaced. In 2014, an update of the Christian Life Program has been released to reflect that CFC is explicitly Catholic, truly global, and devotedly Marian. ANCOP stands for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4452963", "score": "0.9079156", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "International taxation", "text": "application of complex attribution of ownership rules) of a foreign corporation. Such persons may include individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, estates, and other juridical persons. A CFC is a foreign corporation more than 50% owned by U.S. shareholders. This income includes several categories of portable income, including most investment income, certain resale income, and certain services income. Certain exceptions apply, including the exclusion from Subpart F income of CFC income subject to an effective foreign tax rate of 90% or more of the top U.S. tax rate. The United Kingdom provides that a UK company is taxed currently on the income", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6712236", "score": "0.9054078", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Citizens for Conservation", "text": "Citizens for Conservation Citizens for Conservation (commonly called CFC) is a nonprofit organization, centered in Barrington, Illinois, established in 1971. CFC's motto is \"Saving Living Space for Living Things\". It is a member of Chicago Wilderness and the Land Trust Alliance. CFC specializes in habitat restoration, both on properties it owns and nearby forest preserves of Lake County Forest Preserve District and Forest Preserve District of Cook County. CFC relies almost entirely on volunteers, meeting at least once a week year-round. In addition, student interns are hired during the summer. CFC received the 2011 Conservation and Native Landscaping award from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17697057", "score": "0.8871257", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Comisión Federal de Competencia", "text": "Comisión Federal de Competencia The Comisión Federal de Competencia (CFC), or Federal Competition Commission, is an agency of the government of Mexico, under the Ministry of Economy. Established in 1993, it is responsible for implementation of the Federal Economic Competition Law (LFCE). The CFC was established in 1993. It is headed by five commissioners who serve 10-year terms, who are appointed by the Mexican president. One commissioner serves as president of the commission. The CFC also employs 175 other people, including 41 support staff. The mission of the CFC is to \"protect the process of competition and free access to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13860418", "score": "0.8824309", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Combined Federal Campaign", "text": "for profit contractor was paid $12,393,828 to administer the CFC in 2017, plus $2,764,149 as the first of three payments to develop a new CFC software platform. OPM directed an additional $10,879,386 to for profit partnerships that conducted campaign promotion in OPM's newly established CFC Zones. Total CFC administrative costs exceeded 25% of donations pledged for 2017. Contributions to the CFC totaled $12.9 million in 1964, $82.8 million in 1979, and peaked at $282.6 million in 2009. In 2011, CFC pledges totaled $272.7 million with 24% of the federal workforce participating and an average employee pledge of $284.27. In 2012,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491670", "score": "0.8766816", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Combined Federal Campaign", "text": "this policy. Since then, in November 2005, the OCFCO has put out revised requirements. The new regulation requires that each federation, federation member, and un-affiliated organization applying for participation in the CFC must, as a condition of participation, complete a certification that it is in compliance with all statutes, Executive orders, and regulations restricting or prohibiting U.S. persons from engaging in transactions and dealings with countries, entities, or individuals subject to economic sanctions administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). In essence, the charities have to certify that the organizations that they support", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491674", "score": "0.86993825", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited", "text": "taluka headquarters and so on. Online bill payment facility has been made available for all LT consumers across the state by commissioning own Payment Gateway on MSEDCL website www.mahadiscom.in. Earlier the facility was available to People in Pune, Bhandup, Kalyan, Thane, Vashi, Kolhapur, Nashik, Aurangabad and Nagpur only. A Consumer Facilitation Center (CFC) consists of a single window system with a help desk for customers. The CFCs accept consumer complaints, application forms for new connections, meter change requests and name or address change forms etc. Six state of the art CFCs have been opened at Rastapeth Pune, GaneshKhind Pune, Nagpur,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12812331", "score": "0.86842334", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Champions for Christ", "text": "Champions for Christ Established in 1985 as part of the controversial Maranatha Campus Ministries, Champions for Christ (CFC) is an outreach to college and professional athletes. Now a part of the Every Nation group of ministries, CFC has also come under the auspices of other organizations since initial establishment. Champions for Christ has branches on 40 college campuses, organizing an annual conference for college athletes for the purpose of challenging young people to use their status and influence for the sake of the Gospel. In response to questioning by MinistryWatch.com over its targeting of athletes in particular, CFC responded \"When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9376065", "score": "0.8675301", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Couples for Christ Foundation for Family and Life", "text": "in the Greater Toronto Area such as Brampton, Hamilton, Mississauga, Markham, and a few others. Couples for Christ Foundation for Family and Life The Couples for Christ Foundation for Family and Life (CFC FFL) is a Philippine-based Catholic charismatic lay community that emphasizes family life renewal and evangelization. It was founded in 2007 by former leaders and members of Couples for Christ-Global Missions Foundation (CFC-GMFI), it is led by one of the first sixteen couples of Couples for Christ - Frank Padilla. It is recognized in various archdioceses and dioceses around the Philippines and has a number of international affiliations.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10966024", "score": "0.86730105", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Couples for Christ", "text": "Couples for Christ The Couples for Christ (abbreviated as CFC) is an international Catholic lay ecclesial movement whose goal is to renew and strengthen Christian values. It is one of 122 International Associations of the Faithful. The organization is affiliated with the Vatican recognition from the Pontifical Council for the Laity. It is led by an International Council, which operates in the Philippines under the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines and can report directly to the Vatican. The community is made up of family ministries, social arms, and a pro-life ministry. Couples for Christ (CFC) was established in 1981", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4452955", "score": "0.8595816", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Couples for Christ Foundation for Family and Life", "text": "The former is defined as a constituent part of the global CFC FFL community while the later is an autonomous group adhering to the core principles of CFC FFL. Within CFC FFL are various social ministries such as community building, empowerment of women, prison, health, education and pro-life. It also has age-specific pastoral ministries collectively known as the \"Family Ministries\" such as CFC \"Kids for Family and Life\", CFC \"Youth for Family and Life\", CFC \"Singles for Family and Life\" (for unmarried adults below the age of 40), CFC \"Handmaids for Family and Life\" (for women above 40), and CFC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10966022", "score": "0.8558578", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Canadian Film Centre", "text": "including: 173 short Films have been created through CFC's Short Dramatic Film Programs to date, including: CFC's interactive productions include: Canadian Film Centre The Canadian Film Centre (CFC) is a charitable organization in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which operates an advanced film school training program for professionals in the Canadian film, television and digital media industries, including directors, producers, screenwriters, actors and musicians. CFC was founded in 1988 by Canadian filmmaker Norman Jewison as the Canadian Centre For Advanced Film Studies; the first program was attended by 12 residents. The inaugural class included writer Robert Hunter, filmmakers Holly Dale, Gerald L'Ecuyer,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13174974", "score": "0.8552489", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Canadian Film Centre", "text": "16 programs annually. CFC has more than 1,700 alumni and 100 alumni partner companies to date. CFC offers a variety of programs in five separate media streams: film, television, music, screen acting, and digital media. Each stream offers practical, intensive, hands-on programs that are administered under the guidance of faculty and industry professionals, and are operated in conjunction with entertainment companies and educational institutions including Cineplex Entertainment, the National Film Board of Canada, Telefilm Canada, NBC Universal, Slaight Communications, DHX Media, Bell Media, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and OCAD University. CFC's film programs include CFC Features, the Short Dramatic Film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13174971", "score": "0.85251933", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Common Fund for Commodities", "text": "Common Fund for Commodities The Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) is an intergovernmental financial institution established within the framework of the United Nations. It is a vestige of the proposed New International Economic Order. The CFC finances commodity development projects in developing states. The CFC was established in 1989. It was set up by a 1980 multilateral treaty known as the Agreement establishing the Common Fund for Commodities. As of June 2017, there are 110 parties to the Agreement and thus to the CFC. This total includes 101 UN member states plus 9 intergovernmental organizations: the Andean Community, the African", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10046355", "score": "0.8507763", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Couples for Christ", "text": "a private international association of the lay faithful of Pontifical Right. CFC claims to have a presence in dioceses across all 81 Philippine provinces and 163 countries. It sent participants to the Extraordinary Synod on the Family, an event organized by Pope Francis in 2014. Any validly married Catholic couple can become members of CFC. Although a Catholic movement/organization, CFC remains open to having non-Catholic Christians as members. Those who want to join CFC will have to go through a weekly seminar series called the Christian Life Program (CLP), which usually spans 13 weeks or sessions. The CLP serves as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4452957", "score": "0.85006773", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Citizens for Conservation", "text": "offers periodic programs for children as part of the No Child Left Inside project, and works with the local school district to introduce 3rd and 4th graders to the prairie. It also provides occasional community education programs for adults. Citizens for Conservation Citizens for Conservation (commonly called CFC) is a nonprofit organization, centered in Barrington, Illinois, established in 1971. CFC's motto is \"Saving Living Space for Living Things\". It is a member of Chicago Wilderness and the Land Trust Alliance. CFC specializes in habitat restoration, both on properties it owns and nearby forest preserves of Lake County Forest Preserve District", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17697059", "score": "0.8467454", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "ColdFusion Markup Language", "text": "arithmetic operations and manipulate data. CFCs provide some (not all) of the typical features and functionality that are provided by object-oriented (OOP) languages. To create a CFC: CFCs are plain CFML. Within a CFC any CFML tag, function, custom tag, other components, etc. may be used. CFCs can be used in various ways. If a method contained in a CFC simply needs to be invoked, the <cfinvoke> tag will create an instance of the CFC, invoke the desired method, and then destroy the instance of the CFC. <cfinvoke> takes the name of the component (minus the .cfc extension) and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3709479", "score": "0.8457831", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Child-Friendly Constituency", "text": "Child-Friendly Constituency Child-Friendly Constituency (CFC) is an initiative to promote and strengthen child-sensitive public delivery systems in the Indian state of Odisha. This initiative was launched by Naveen Patnaik, the Chief Minister of Odisha in 2014. The first ever CFC on the ground, as a pilot, was launched in Khandapada in 2015 by Unicef in collaboration with Kalinga Kusum Foundation. This is an MLA led initiative. Khandapada MLA Anubhav Patnaik is leading the initiative. CFC has been designed to ensure that children’s four-fold rights, 1. Right to Survival, 2. Right to Development, 3. Right to Protection and Right to Participation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20568405", "score": "0.8429354", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Controlled foreign corporation", "text": "Controlled foreign corporation Controlled foreign corporation (CFC) rules are features of an income tax system designed to limit artificial deferral of tax by using offshore low taxed entities. The rules are needed only with respect to income of an entity that is not currently taxed to the owners of the entity. Generally, certain classes of taxpayers must include in their income currently certain amounts earned by foreign entities they or related persons control. A set of rules generally defines the types of owners and entities affected, the types of income or investments subject to current inclusion, exceptions to inclusion, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3308415", "score": "0.8416275", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Combined Federal Campaign", "text": "Combined Federal Campaign The Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) is the workplace giving program of the federal government of the United States. The program is authorized by executive order 12353 (as amended) of March 23, 1982, and is overseen by the United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM). Issued by President Reagan, the order states that a CFC objective is \"to lessen the burdens of government and of local communities in meeting needs of human health and welfare ...\" According to OPM's website, the mission of the CFC \"is to promote and support philanthropy through a program that is employee focused,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491666", "score": "0.84152275", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Combined Federal Campaign", "text": "charities was estimated in 2012 at more than 20,000 nonprofit organizations worldwide. Organizations wishing to participate must submit a new charity application annually. Beginning in 2017, OPM began charging charities upfront fees in order to participate in the CFC. Application and listing fees were tiered based on the size and nature of the charity. Application fees collected from charities totaled $3,498,745 and listing fees totaled $5,766,385. 8,573 charities opted to pay the upfront fees and participate in the CFC. After the 2017 CFC campaign concluded, OPM announced that, pursuant to provisions in the new rules, a 16.5% distribution fee (totaling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491672", "score": "0.8403581", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation", "text": "had $4 billion invested in CFC securities. About 98 percent of CFC’s loan portfolio was with electric borrowers and 2 percent was with the telecommunications sector. Overall policy for CFC is set by a 23-member Board of Directors, representing 10 geographic districts and the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), the network's national trade association, and one At-Large member who serves as the Audit Committee Financial Expert. CFC's Board is democratically elected and consists of both cooperative utility directors and managers. CFC operates from its corporate headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, with a staff of 232 employees, including regional representatives located", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13830683", "score": "0.8374033", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Consumption of fixed capital", "text": "assets. CFC refers to a depreciation charge (or \"write-off\") against the gross income of a producing enterprise, which reflects the decline in value of fixed capital being operated with. Fixed assets will decline in value after they are purchased for use in production, due to wear and tear, changed market valuation and possibly market obsolescence. Thus, CFC represents a \"compensation\" for the loss of value of fixed assets to an enterprise. According to the 2008 manual of the United Nations System of National Accounts, CFC tends to increase as the asset gets older, even if the efficiency and rental remain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4512644", "score": "0.835884", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Consumption of fixed capital", "text": "The UNSNA manual notes that \"The consumption of fixed capital is one of the most important elements in the System... It may account for 10 per cent or more of total GDP.\" CFC is defined \"in a way that is theoretically appropriate and relevant \"for purposes of economic analysis\"\". Its value may therefore diverge considerably from depreciation actually recorded in business accounts, or as allowed for taxation purposes, especially if there is price inflation. In principle, CFC is calculated using the actual or estimated prices and rentals of fixed assets prevailing at the time the production takes place, and not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4512650", "score": "0.83097655", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Combined Federal Campaign", "text": "donations to the charity. Beginning in 2017, charities were required to pay upfront fees to receive donations through the CFC. In 2017, total overhead costs exceeded 25% under the new model. Prior to 2017, private charities - not the OPM - ran the CFC at the local level under the supervision of local federal employee boards. In 2017, the CFC was centralized under the control of OPM, which contracted the program's management to a government human resources contractor. Overhead dramatically increased as reported by The Chronicle of Philanthropy in an article titled: Overhead Consumes Increasing Share of CFC Dollars''. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4491669", "score": "0.82981277", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Schedular system of taxation", "text": "a CFC where a CFC charge is or was payable and for overseas tax suffered. Schedular system of taxation The schedular system of taxation is the system of how the charge to United Kingdom corporation tax is applied. It also applied to United Kingdom income tax before legislation was rewritten by the Tax Law Rewrite Project. Similar systems apply in other jurisdictions that are or were closely related to the United Kingdom, such as Ireland and Jersey. Under the source rule, tax is levied on a source of income or gain only if there is a specific provision taxing that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4756968", "score": "0.827489", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "ColdFusion Markup Language", "text": "method to execute. To access any returned data, the RETURNVARIABLE attribute provides the name of a variable to contain whatever the function returns. CFCs are created using four tags, saved as .CFC files, and invoked using the <cfinvoke> tag. In the example below, component temperature.cfc has a method FtoC which converts temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius. The test.cfm template invokes the method and converts 212 degrees Fahrenheit and outputs the result. CFCs may also be instantiated as objects. Assuming a CFC file called Person.cfc, an instance of this CFC would be instantiated as follows: CFCs also form the basis of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3709480", "score": "0.82735115", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Coupling Facility", "text": "Coupling Facility In IBM mainframe computers, a Coupling Facility or CF is a piece of computer hardware which allows multiple processors to access the same data. A Parallel Sysplex relies on one or more Coupling Facilities (CFs). A coupling facility is a mainframe processor (runs in an own LPAR, with dedicated physical CP, defined thru HMC), with memory and special channels (CF Links), and a specialised operating system called Coupling Facility Control Code (CFCC). It has no I/O devices, other than the CF links. The information in the CF resides entirely in memory as CFCC is not a virtual memory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5628710", "score": "0.82728183", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Canadian Forces College", "text": "Metropolitan Separate School Board (now called the Toronto Catholic District School Board) as Marshall McLuhan Catholic Secondary School, opened in 1998. The CFC stated mission is to prepare senior military and civilian leaders to meet the complex security challenges of the future. The CFC is a world leader in defence and security education, research, and outreach, acting as the intellectual engine of the Canadian Forces and enhancing and sustaining the effectiveness of the Canadian Forces and of defence and security organizations within Canada and its alliances. Canadian Forces College The Canadian Forces College (CFC) is a military school for senior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11570596", "score": "0.8260282", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Chlorofluorocarbon", "long_answer": "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common representative is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or Freon-12). Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), and solvents. Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (e.g., R-410A) and R-134a.", "chunked_long_answer": "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common representative is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or Freon-12). Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), and solvents. Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (e.g., R-410A) and R-134a.", "short_answers": [ "Chlorofluorocarbons" ] }

[ "2018" ]

[ { "title": "Madea", "text": "Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (Also played by Perry). A Vietnam war veteran.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family", "text": "in the hospital. Then Shirley tells all her children that she wants them to do the right thing, although she will be gone forever. Shirley dies, and her spirit goes up to Heaven (\"\"Heaven Waits for Me\"\") and this makes everyone sad (as they strongly cry for her loss) and scared of what will happen in their futures without her (calling out to the Lord). When everyone comes home from the funeral, they gather in the living room. Madea gives everyone advice on what they should do. Karen stops by to express her condolences to Byron, but soon they began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15002708", "score": "1.2676532", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "A Madea Family Funeral", "text": "A Madea Family Funeral Tyler Perry's A Madea Family Funeral is an upcoming American comedy film written, directed and produced by Tyler Perry. It is the eleventh and (supposedly) final installment of the \"Madea\" film series, and stars Perry in several roles, including as the titular character, as well as Cassi Davis and Patrice Lovely. The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on March 1, 2019. A joyous family reunion becomes a hilarious nightmare as Madea and the crew travel to backwoods Georgia, where they find themselves unexpectedly planning a funeral that might unveil unsavory family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20932070", "score": "1.2603155", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Madea", "text": "a daughter named Victoria. The film begins with everyone leaving Irene's funeral. Madea was shown as not caring much for her sister; in fact, not only does Madea claim she's happy Irene's died, but she has also said Irene probably died on purpose to get out of repaying Madea a $20 loan. In \"Madea Goes to Jail\", Madea helps out Sonny by letting him stay at her home rent-free. In \"Madea Goes to Jail\", it was revealed that Madea supported her children by stripping, pole dancing, and professional wrestling, among other things. Madea has buried nine husbands, among them Jimmy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5842003", "score": "1.2187203", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Boo 2! A Madea Halloween", "text": "dad. Madea's car stops in front of a old broken-down house. Madea, Bam, and Hattie run into the house when they see the little girl who tells Joe that \"Derrick\" wants to talk him about the rude comments he made earlier. Joe goes to the chainsaw killer, but Joe runs away from him. Madea, Bam, and Hattie discover that Tiffany, Jonathan, Gabriella, Leah, and Dino are hiding in the house from Derrick too and think the adults are pranking them. At the window Madea, Bam, and Hattie think Joe is dead when they see \"Derrick\" and his brother drag him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20188631", "score": "1.2018211", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family", "text": "but unfortunately for Tammy and Harold, her car wouldn't start. So she gets her gun and starts chasing after Harold and Tammy. The next day, Shirley's cancer starts taking effect and she assures Joyce that she is all right and that she knows she's close to Heaven. Joyce thanks her for giving her the life they both wanted by Shirley giving her Jesus (You Gave Me Jesus) since Aunt Bam spills that Shirley is sick. That night, Joyce gets a new makeover for the date with Frank that Aunt Bam set up. Then Frank tells her that her mother is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15002707", "score": "1.1901296", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family", "text": "his last kiss. When Madea quizzes him, he says he's 17 and in the 6th grade, to which she responds that at least he's in school and his children will know he's right down the hall from their classrooms. Harold arrives and Madea repeats what she told Tammy, and now that they're both here she tells them both that if her car isn't fixed when she's ready to leave, they'll have to run like hell. Kimberly's husband, Jason (Rico Ball) rushes in to announce that Uncle Monroe (Palmer Williams, Jr.) has arrived; everyone hides their stuff because he's a crack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15002704", "score": "1.1787361", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)", "text": "Madea's Family Reunion (play) Madea's Family Reunion is an American play written by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea, Quan Howell as Reverend Lewis, Sonya Evans as Lisa, D'atra Hicks as Jackie and Tamela Mann as Cora. The Simmons family has a funeral, a wedding, and a family reunion all in the same weekend, and it is up to no-nonsense matriarch Madea to keep things in order. Just as the southern matriarch Madea buries her older sister, Irene, her granddaughter Lisa is getting married to a very successful rich man named Ronnie at the house. But Lisa's fiancé", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12701449", "score": "1.177725", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)", "text": "decides to marry her first love, A.J. Madea's Family Reunion (play) Madea's Family Reunion is an American play written by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea, Quan Howell as Reverend Lewis, Sonya Evans as Lisa, D'atra Hicks as Jackie and Tamela Mann as Cora. The Simmons family has a funeral, a wedding, and a family reunion all in the same weekend, and it is up to no-nonsense matriarch Madea to keep things in order. Just as the southern matriarch Madea buries her older sister, Irene, her granddaughter Lisa is getting married to a very successful rich man named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12701452", "score": "1.1495643", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family", "text": "cocaine-addicted kleptomaniac. Uncle Monroe has barely stepped inside when he thinks he smells drugs in the kitchen, which makes him hurry. Karen (Brandi Milton) stalks in demanding to see Byron, which sparks Rose's jealousy. Karen threatens Byron that if he doesn't pay her some child support, 'the popo's gon' be knockin' at yo' do'!', backed up by Aunt Bam. Madea orders Karen to leave, they're having a family moment. Byron, Karen (and her baby), and Rose leave, Kimberly demands to know why she was called, and Jason chides her for her attitude,which angers her more and she storms out. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15002705", "score": "1.1479666", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film)", "text": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film) Tyler Perry's Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2011 comedy-drama film based on Tyler Perry's 2010 play of the same name and the 11th film in the Tyler Perry film franchise, and the sixth in the \"Madea\" franchise. Shirley (Loretta Devine), goes to visit Dr. Evans (Philip Anthony-Rodriguez) with family friend, Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis) about her cancer and finds out that it has gotten worse, and that she may only have a few months to live. She asks Aunt Bam to call her children so she can tell them. Cora and Mr. Brown (David", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15115100", "score": "1.1446252", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film)", "text": "Blu-ray on August 30, 2011. The DVD features four featurettes: \"\"By-reen: The Baby Mama from Hell\"\", \"\"Ties That Bind\"\", \"\"Madea's Family Tree\"\", and \"\"Brown Calls Maury\"\". The Blu-ray contains these features including a digital copy. Madea's Big Happy Family (film) Tyler Perry's Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2011 comedy-drama film based on Tyler Perry's 2010 play of the same name and the 11th film in the Tyler Perry film franchise, and the sixth in the \"Madea\" franchise. Shirley (Loretta Devine), goes to visit Dr. Evans (Philip Anthony-Rodriguez) with family friend, Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis) about her cancer and finds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15115113", "score": "1.1378515", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)", "text": "is secretly beating her, and Lisa's ex-boyfriend and first love, A.J., Madea's mechanic, is going to do something about it. While Lisa is trying to cover up her bruises, her sister Tina is getting into more trouble: neglecting her baby, trying to seduce her cousin Jackie's husband Kevin, and stealing drug money from her mother, Cora. Madea's granddaughter Jackie and her ex-con unemployed husband Kevin live with Madea, and Jackie finds out she is pregnant and might have a miscarriage. When she goes to tell Kevin the news, she finds her cousin Tina trying to seduce him. Although she's upset", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12701450", "score": "1.1364372", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Madea's Tough Love", "text": "children, Netta and Dang Dang, who are also looking for the purse. After learning the children are homeless, Madea takes them home with her. Madea makes the children breakfast in the morning, but after learning Madea is planning to call social services Netta and Dang Dang leave. Madea finds Netta and Dang Dang playing basketball with the other children at Moms Mabley Community Center, a local youth center in Freedom Park. However, the center is condemned by Betsy Holiday, a mayoral candidate for Atlanta. Holiday details her plans to construct new buildings and make the city’s neighborhoods safe for children.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18705905", "score": "1.1352592", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Madea's Family Reunion", "text": "grits on the stove, noting to her that they're \"hot\". When Madea leaves the house with Nikki, Carlos brutally slaps Lisa in the face, but then, in retaliation, she throws the pot of hot grits in his face, burning him badly, and then beats him with a frying pan, as Madea listens outside with laughter. She then takes off her engagement ring and throws it at an injured Carlos before leaving. At the church, Lisa announces to the guests that Carlos had been beating her every day since they first got engaged and that the wedding is off. Frankie then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5914216", "score": "1.1352355", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family", "text": "Madea's Big Happy Family Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2010 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Mabel \"Madea\" Simmons, Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam, Palmer Williams, Jr. as Uncle Monroe, and Chandra Currelley-Young as Shirley. Perry began writing \"\"Big Happy Family\"\" after the death of his mother in December 2009. The main character of Shirley is based on her. Shirley (Chandra Currelley), accompanied by Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis), visits Dr. Frank Wallace (Omarr Dixon). Dr. Wallace tells Shirley that her cancer is active and she might have 4–6 weeks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15002701", "score": "1.1334739", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "come by and pick her up. Buddy, Kim, and Madea try to convince her to come back into the house, but to no avail. The three give up on Eileen, resulting in her deciding to walk into town and take a bus back to Atlanta. Connor walks into him and Lacey's bedroom and finds Lacey sitting on the bed, thinking about all that has happened to her that day. Lacey reveals that Tanner caused her to lose her job, setting Connor off. He storms out of the house in a fit of rage, gets into his truck and heads off", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295884", "score": "1.1333684", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Meet the Browns (play)", "text": "in after being awakened at her own house by her parents. She soon learns that her grandfather (Brown and L.B.'s father) had died, and they need help preparing for the funeral. After a little convincing, Milay decides to help with funeral arrangements. The next morning, Sarah and Milay are talking together while L.B. is upstairs crying. We soon learn that Milay was divorced and had a son who died. But before more can be learned, Mr. Brown and Cora come in and get acquainted with everyone. Everyone is surprised to learn that Brown is Cora's father and that Madea is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6133485", "score": "1.1303931", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Madea's Big Happy Family", "text": "left. Later, Aunt Bam tells Shirley that she invited Madea to come over and help her when she tells her children the news. The scene later switches to the house where Joyce (Cheryl Pepsii Riley) shows up and informs Shirley that she called everybody, later Aunt Bam complains about the fact that she still doesn't have a man. Soon enough, Madea (Tyler Perry) arrives, ready to help Shirley. When Tammy (Crissy Collins) shows up, Madea informs her that she's very angry with her and her husband Harold (Danny Clay): she gave them $275 to fix her car and it didn't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15002702", "score": "1.1242398", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Madea's Neighbors from Hell", "text": "about Helen, The woman who died in the house. Madea acts like she heard something which scares them. Wally arrives to say hi to Madea. Madea tells Wally to take the TV in her house and to be careful because it was a gift from (Oprah Winfrey) so that she can watch The Haves and Have Nots. Wally falls and breaks Madea's TV. He puts it in the house and runs away to the post office. Tay complaints to Karen that he is hungry. He says Madea took the lunch meat. Karen gives Shannon and Tay some crackers. Shannon ask", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18393068", "score": "1.1235453", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Madea Goes to Jail (play)", "text": "and they both run into the bathroom. The next scene starts with Madea upset that Vanessa let that happen to the baby, Then when Vanessa, Sonny, and Nate come in from the emergency room, Madea smells the same thing on Nate that was on Vanessa clothes. Ella and Madea realize that and when it's revealed to be Kente Oil, Madea soon tells Vanessa that she is sleeping with Nate. Soon Wanda comes in and tells him that Sonny isn't the father of that child, then everybody gets angry then, after a brief confrontation, everyone leaves and Wanda sings her number.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7582215", "score": "1.1222683", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)", "text": "with him, Jackie urges Kevin to get a job for the sake of their child. Meanwhile, Madea's know-it-all niece Victoria is being romantically pursued by her minister. Later, Tina and Lisa tearfully reveal to Cora that when they were kids, their father sexually abused them, and Cora reflects that it will take days of praying to get over this bombshell. Madea must endure the craziness of neighbor Leroy Brown and of the dysfunctional relatives all staying under her roof for the weekend. During the family reunion, Lisa tells everyone that Ronnie has been hitting her. On the wedding day, Lisa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12701451", "score": "1.1190331", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Madea Goes to Jail (play)", "text": "Madea Goes to Jail (play) Madea Goes to Jail is an American musical play, touring from 2005 to 2006, created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Mabel \"Madea\" Simmons, Cassi Davis as Ella, Cherly Pepsi Riley as Wanda, and Judy Peterson as Katie. The play opens on Vanessa, an aspiring business student whose stress over school (and natural disposition) leads her to be tempestuous towards the people who come and go throughout the scene. Her husband is Sonny Andrews, the child of Madea's deceased sister, Irene. He enters looking for his work shirt, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7582208", "score": "1.1145574", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Madea Goes to Jail", "text": "as the attack happened, but he never came for her. Candace held on to her anger at him for so long that she forgot how to move on, which resulted in her dropping out of school and becoming a drug addict and prostitute. But with everything she learned from Ellen and Madea, she finally decides to forgive Josh and pick up the pieces of her life. On Josh's wedding day, Chuck, serving as best man, tells him that Linda falsified Candace's file. During the ceremony, Josh, appalled by Linda's deceit and fraud, tells the congregation, including their boss, the Mayor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11584584", "score": "1.113966", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Boo 2! A Madea Halloween", "text": "she run away after seeing Derrick's daughter at the car, and Joe makes rude comments to the little girl. While they are looking for Tiffany, Madea and Hattie go to an outhouse where Hattie relieves herself. Madea waits, but Derrick appears out of the river and she runs away. Hattie also runs away when the little girl appears and tries to grab her. At the police station Debrah and Calvin desperately ask the sheriff to check for Tiffany at Lake Derrick but Brian shows up and tells Debrah that he will go look for her with his friend Victor, Gabriella's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20188630", "score": "1.1080147", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Boo 2! A Madea Halloween", "text": "they hear that Jonathan and the others are having a Halloween party at Lake Derrick. She hopes to make it up to them for ruining the previous year's party. Jonathan invites her. Brian finds Madea, Joe, Bam, and Hattie at his house to surprise Tiffany; she's underwhelmed. She sees her friend Leah and tells her about the party. Tiffany asks her mom if she can go to the party. She says yes to upset Brian, but he lets her go there to teach her a lesson. Madea overhears Tiffany's conversation about the party and gets her friends to go with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20188624", "score": "1.1044219", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Madea Gets a Job", "text": "Madea Gets a Job Madea Gets a Job is a 2012 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea. Hard times (and the judge) caught up with Madea and she is forced to come out of retirement to go to work. Remember, since she is still on probation, Madea is not a star candidate for employment. A job at a nursing home would make Madea's employer never be the same after one day. In another version of this play, Stephanie Ferrett played a worker, and Melonie Daniels played Gloria, Barbara's other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17820057", "score": "1.1033567", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "to her class, but is interrupted by Oliver, who gives her a kiss. While she tries to tell Oliver that she is married and is not interested in getting back together with him, her and the principal discover that Madea has tied the girl that stole her purse to the cross decoration in the classroom. Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295879", "score": "1.1019413", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "the house. Madea forces Lacey to confess the truth to her mother and reveals that Eileen despises white people because her husband left her for a white woman when Lacey was 2 years old; she has lied about the story and said that a white man killed her husband. She also reveals that what Eileen said was a heart attack was in fact just gas, and that Eileen has been using this lie to manipulate her daughter. Hypocritically angered by the lies \"she\" has heard, Eileen packs her bags and sits outside of the house, hoping for a taxi to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295883", "score": "1.0994818", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Madea's Neighbors from Hell", "text": "on the door again and Aunt Bam asks calmly where is Ruth. He ask rude again and tells them leave him alone. Madea starts to burn Tay with her cigarette while Aunt Bam pushes him. Madea tells him about being respectful and he goes back in slamming the door. Madea and Aunt Bam goes up in the house angry at him. Shannon says they can't be in here. Madea ask where is their mother. They both says they don't know. Madea spots her lunch meat and mail on their table. Madea starts hitting both of them with her mail. Tay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18393066", "score": "1.0976919", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Madea", "long_answer": "Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (Also played by Perry). A Vietnam war veteran.", "chunked_long_answer": "Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (Also played by Perry). A Vietnam war veteran.", "short_answers": [ "2018" ] }

[ "Americans", "the Americans" ]

[ { "title": "Battles of Saratoga", "text": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Joseph Bettys", "text": "by Benedict Arnold. On October 11, 1776, he distinguished himself in the Battle of Valcour Island, but was captured by the British and taken as a prisoner to Canada. In 1777, during his captivity, he changed sides, joining the British forces as an ensign. He served as a spy and messenger for the British; at one point he was captured, tried, and sentenced to death, but was freed due to influence of family and friends. He rejoined British service and began recruiting soldiers among the population of present-day Saratoga County, raiding, burning farms and taking captives or killing Patriots. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19205429", "score": "1.0372139", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Saratoga, New York", "text": "is best known as the location that British General John Burgoyne surrendered to American General Horatio Gates at the end of the Battles of Saratoga on October 17, 1777, often cited as the turning point for the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Much of the fighting took place in the town of Stillwater to the south, however the final seven days of the Battles and the actual sword surrender took place in Saratoga (Schuylerville). In 1788, an act was passed organizing towns in place of districts and Stillwater was created from the Saratoga District, making four towns in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1165451", "score": "1.0249622", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Saratoga (Boyce, Virginia)", "text": "writers. Saratoga (Boyce, Virginia) Saratoga, also known as the General Daniel Morgan House, is a historic plantation house near Boyce, Virginia. It was built in 1779 by Daniel Morgan, a general in the Continental Army best known for his victory over the British at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781. He named his estate after the American victory in the 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he also participated. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973. Privately owned, it is located about .5 miles south", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11850245", "score": "1.0203369", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Schuylerville, New York", "text": "engaged them in the two Battles of Saratoga, the first on September 19 and the second on October 7, 1777. The British advance was stopped by the American forces and the British retreated back northward to an encampment along Fish Creek just outside the village. The Saratoga Battle Monument in the Village of Victory, Saratoga County, New York is located near the site of the British encampment. American forces blocked further British retreat and surrounded the encampment. With winter approaching and no hope of escape, the British were forced to surrender. On October 17, 1777, General Burgoyne surrendered his army", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1165495", "score": "1.0195439", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Saratoga National Historical Park", "text": "of the village of Schuylerville. It was made famous by Baroness Frederika Riedesel in her \"Letters and Journals relating to the War of the American Revolution, and the Capture of the German Troops at Saratoga\". This house was built in 1770-1773. During the closing days of the Battles of Saratoga, Baroness Riedesel sheltered there together with the wives of officers of the British army and wounded personnel. Her account of the travails of those around her, her keen insight into the personalities of the principal officers of both the British and American armies and her devotion to her husband in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651114", "score": "1.0175033", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Saratoga (Boyce, Virginia)", "text": "Saratoga (Boyce, Virginia) Saratoga, also known as the General Daniel Morgan House, is a historic plantation house near Boyce, Virginia. It was built in 1779 by Daniel Morgan, a general in the Continental Army best known for his victory over the British at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781. He named his estate after the American victory in the 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he also participated. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973. Privately owned, it is located about .5 miles south of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11850242", "score": "1.01704", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Daniel Morgan", "text": "the west face of the Saratoga Monument in Schuylerville NY. Daniel Morgan Daniel Morgan (July 6, 1736 – July 6, 1802) was an American pioneer, soldier, and politician from Virginia. One of the most gifted battlefield tacticians of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), he later commanded troops during the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion (1791–1794). Born in New Jersey to Welsh immigrants, Morgan settled in Winchester, Virginia. He became an officer of the Virginia militia and recruited a company of soldiers at the start of the Revolutionary War. Early in the war, Morgan served in Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1799231", "score": "1.0026476", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Joshua Eaton", "text": "Schuylerville, New York. These battles were fought against British forces led by Gen. John Burgoyne. The Battle of Saratoga was a major victory for American troops, and a turning point in the American Revolution. In that battle American troops forced the surrender of some 6,000 British regulars, and won not only a decisive victory, but much needed guns and ammunition. Near Eaton's homestead is now located Joshua Eaton Elementary School, one of five elementary schools in the town of Reading. Joshua Eaton Sgt. Joshua Eaton (May 29, 1757 - October 7, 1777) was the only resident of Reading, Massachusetts, to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12797699", "score": "0.99729383", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Crown Point, New York", "text": "Saratoga campaign in 1777, General John Burgoyne organized a supply magazine here to support his attack of Ticonderoga. Crown Point is an original town of the county, established in 1788 following the Revolution and before the organization of Essex County. Parts of Crown Point were later drawn off to form the town of Elizabethtown (1798). The modern European-American settlement of the town began around 1800 with an influx of settlers from Vermont. Crown Point holds the New York state January record low of . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1159868", "score": "0.99155396", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Saratoga National Historical Park", "text": "The park is located on the upper Hudson River southeast of Saratoga Springs. It contains the famous Boot Monument to Benedict Arnold, the only war memorial in the United States that does not bear the name of its honoree. The memorial was donated by John Watts de Peyster, a former Major General for the New York State Militia during the American Civil War who wrote several military histories about the Battle of Saratoga. The Marshall House, on the National Register of Historic Places, lies north of the main entrance to the park on U.S. Route 4 and NY 32 north", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651113", "score": "0.99074286", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "General John Glover House", "text": "of the Continental forces from a besieged position in August 29–30, 1776, after they lost the Battle of Long Island, without any significant losses, and was again involved in the same role in Washington's crossing of the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26, which preceded the Battle of Trenton. Promoted to brigadier general after these actions, he led a division in the Battles of Saratoga in September and October 1777. He was given a brevet promotion to major general at the end of the conflict. In 1782 Glover purchased the Marblehead estate of the Loyalist William Browne, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11980257", "score": "0.9893044", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Friedrich Adolf Riedesel", "text": "Relating to the War of the American Revolution and the Capture of the German Troops at Saratoga\" is an important resource for knowledge of the campaign and its key personalities. Her harrowing account of her experiences in what is now known as the Marshall House where her husband had sent her to seek shelter during the closing days of the siege at Saratoga is one of the vivid episodes of the American Revolution. Riedesel and his wife were captured when General John Burgoyne surrendered after the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. He was imprisoned with the Convention Army in Charlottesville,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1935332", "score": "0.97873604", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "James Livingston (American Revolution)", "text": "York State Senator, and Catherine Henry Cady (1820–1899), who married Samuel Wilkeson (1817–1889), son of Samuel Wilkeson, a Mayor of Buffalo. James Livingston (American Revolution) James Livingston (March 27, 1747 – March 9, 1832) born in New York, was living in Quebec (as Canada was known following the French and Indian War) when the American Revolutionary War broke out. He was responsible for raising and leading the 1st Canadian Regiment of the Continental Army during the invasion of Canada, and continued to serve in the war until 1781. He retired to Saratoga, New York, where he served as a state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10438092", "score": "0.97502863", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rockland County, New York", "text": "earned his nickname. George Washington had headquarters for a time at John Suffern's tavern, the later site of the village of Suffern. British Major John André met with American traitor Benedict Arnold near Stony Point to buy the plans for the fortifications at West Point. André was captured with the plans in Tarrytown on his way back to the British lines; he was brought to Tappan for trial in the Tappan church, found guilty, hanged and buried nearby. Still another important chapter in the story of the Revolution was written on May 5, 1783, when General Washington received Sir Guy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "669343", "score": "0.9710224", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Beverley Robinson", "text": "Manor. She had been a possible love interest of George Washington, and owned a one-third share of the Philipse Patent, an immense landed estate on the Hudson River. By this connection, Mr. Robinson became rich. When the American Revolutionary War began, he was living upon that portion of the Phillipse estate which had been given to his wife, and there he desired to remain in the quiet enjoyment of country life, and in the management of his large domain. He was opposed to the measures of the Ministry, gave up the use of imported merchandise, and clothed himself and his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9041718", "score": "0.9706775", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Richard Kidder Meade (colonel)", "text": "Richard Kidder Meade (colonel) Richard Kidder Meade (July 11, 1746 – February 9, 1805) was an American army officer from Nansemond County, Virginia. He served as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. He was a son of David Meade (1700-1787), who married Susannah Everard, a daughter of Sir Richard Everard, 4th Baronet, the last Governor of North Carolina under proprietary rule. His great-great-grandfather was Richard Kidder, a noted theologian who was the Bishop of Bath and Wells. Meade and two of his brothers were educated at Harrow, one of the oldest and most respected schools", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17980325", "score": "0.9662287", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Saratoga campaign", "text": "On the morning of September 18, Brown surprised the British defenders at the southern end of the portage trail connecting Lake George to Lake Champlain. Rapidly moving up the trail his men continued to surprise British defenders and capture artillery pieces until they reached the height of land just before Ticonderoga, where they occupied the \"old French lines\" (so named because it was there that a French defense improbably held against a much larger British army in the 1758 Battle of Carillon). On the way he rescued 100 American prisoners (thus increasing the size of his force) and captured nearly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1809716", "score": "0.9648703", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Saratoga National Historical Park", "text": "First authorized as a New York state historic preserve in 1927 on the sesquicentennial of the Battles, the Battlefield was made part of the National Park System in 1938 when Saratoga National Historical Park was authorized by the United States Congress. The Visitors Center offers a 20-minute orientation film, fiber-optic light map, timeline and artifact displays. A brochure is available for a self-guided tour of sites in the battlefield in Stillwater. General Philip Schuyler's Schuyler House is located north in Schuylerville. It is a restored house museum open by tour. The Saratoga Monument is in the nearby village of Victory.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651112", "score": "0.9623", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "John Brown of Pittsfield", "text": "John Brown of Pittsfield John Brown (October 19, 1744 – October 19, 1780) of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, was a Revolutionary War officer, a state legislator, and a Berkshire County judge. He played key roles in the conquest of Fort Ticonderoga at the start of the war, during the American invasion of Canada in 1775-1776, and once again in 1777 during Lieutenant General John Burgoyne's invasion of the United States by way of Lake Champlain and the Hudson River. Brown was the first man to bring formal charges against Benedict Arnold, who was then a prominent American general. Brown died in battle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8416229", "score": "0.9606182", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Congers, New York", "text": "York to Albany. Today there exist nine structures with recognized historical markers dating back to the 18th century, including the DeBaum House on Kings Highway, the Smith House on Gilchrest Road and the Snedeker House, where the Commander-in-chief George Washington is believed to have spent a night. The Swartout estate which was occupied by George Swartout, was part of a large tract of land confiscated by the government about 1777; It was purchased by General Jacobus Swartwout who was a collaborator of George Washington, and member of a family which traced its residence in Rockland County to 1660. DeForest Lake,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1165006", "score": "0.9598161", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Battle of Ridgefield", "text": "also awarded a horse \"properly caparisoned as a token of ... approbation of his gallant conduct ... in the late enterprize to Danbury.\" (Arnold's seniority was restored after his important contributions to the success at Saratoga.) Sybil Ludington was the 16 year-old daughter of Dutchess County's Colonel Henry Ludington who performed a significant service for the Patriot cause before the battle. An exhausted messenger arrived at the Ludington house to inform them of the British advance on Danbury, and she volunteered to ride throughout the county to round up the local militia, comparable to the ride of Paul Revere to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11587818", "score": "0.9572923", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Saratoga Springs History Museum", "text": "devoted to the history of the Walworths, one of the most prominent families in 19th century New York. Patriarch Reuben Hyde Walworth (1788–1867) served as Chancellor of the State of New York from 1828 until the post was abolished in 1848. That same year he ran unsuccessfully for governor. His son Clarence Augustus Walworth (1820–1900) was a Catholic Redemptorist priest and his daughter in law Ellen Hardin Walworth (1832–1915) was a co-founder of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Many of the lectures and programs sponsored by the Museum are archived on its YouTube channel. Short videos about the Museum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14829665", "score": "0.9571641", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Jane McCrea", "text": "one of the younger children in the large family of Rev. James McCrea. Since her mother's death and her father's remarriage, she had been living with her brother John near Saratoga, New York, where she became engaged to David Jones. When the war began, two of her brothers joined the American forces, while her fiancé fled with other Loyalists to Quebec. As John Burgoyne's expedition neared the Hudson River during the summer of 1777, Colonel John McCrea took up his duty with a regiment of the Albany County militia. Jones was serving as a lieutenant in one of the Loyalist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2493968", "score": "0.9571279", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Saratoga campaign", "text": "of Bennington (although it was actually fought in present-day Walloomsac, New York) is marked in the state of Vermont by Bennington Battle Day. The commemorations of Benedict Arnold's contributions to the American success of the campaign are particularly noteworthy. The obelisk at Saratoga National Historical Park has, on three of its four sides, alcoves bearing statues of three generals instrumental in the success at Saratoga: Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. The fourth alcove, representing Arnold, is empty. The park also contains the Boot Monument which, though again without identifying Arnold by name, clearly honors his contribution in the second Saratoga battle.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1809733", "score": "0.9552631", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "George T. Downing", "text": "in 1781, and commanding the French fleet in the west, was a naval hero of the American Revolution, conducting a blockade in the Chesapeake Bay that led to the British surrender in 1781 at Yorktown. By 1799, George de Grasse had immigrated from France and settled in New York City, where in 1804 he became a naturalized citizen. He had worked for Aaron Burr, likely through connections of his father, who gave him two lots of land. In New York, de Grasse met and married Maria van Surley (also known as van Salee) of New York. She was the daughter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19971430", "score": "0.95493025", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Benedict Arnold", "text": "the rank of Major General.\" The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. The fourth niche is empty. There are plaques on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York commemorating all of the generals who served in the Revolution. One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: \"major general... born 1740\". A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2480468", "score": "0.9535678", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Frederick, Baron de Weissenfels", "text": "compensation for her father's monetary losses resulting from his service in the American Revolution she reported that, \"Following his principles rather than the advice of friends, he early joined the side of the revolutionaries in the American Revolutionary War.\" He was commissioned a captain in the First New York on June 28, 1775, commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd New York on March 8, 1776, became a lieutenant colonel of the 2nd New York on Nov. 21, 1776, and lieutenant colonel commandant of the 4th New York on January 13, 1779. His first expedition was the 1775 Battle of Quebec. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14295603", "score": "0.9534194", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "John Munro (loyalist)", "text": "at the Battles of Louisburg and Quebec. Following the war, he was disbanded and received extensive land grants for his military service east of the Hudson River at Schenectady, Albany County, New York. This estate, which he named \"Fowlis\", soon came to encompass over 11,000 acres of land. He became a merchant and rapidly prospered in business, particularly in the fur trade, becoming a close lifelong friend of Simon McTavish, who sponsored one of his sons. Munro was an elder of the English Presbyterian Church in Albany, and a Magistrate for the County of Albany and the County of New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6564954", "score": "0.9517703", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Frederika Charlotte Riedesel", "text": "same year. Her book became an important first-hand account of the Saratoga Campaign. Baroness Riedesel died 29 March 1808 in Berlin. She was buried with her husband in a family grave in Lauterbach. Frederika Charlotte Riedesel Frederika Charlotte Louise von Massow, Baroness (Freifrau) Riedesel zu Eisenbach was the wife of General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel of Brunswick. She accompanied him during the Saratoga Campaign in the American Revolutionary War and kept a journal of the campaign. Frederika was born on 11 July 1746 at Brandenburg. Her father, Julius von Massow, was a Prussian official, but had been a Lieutenant General in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12353221", "score": "0.9513174", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "Battles of Saratoga", "long_answer": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18", "short_answers": [ "Americans", "the Americans" ] }

[ "St. Ignatius of Loyola" ]

[ { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' family home in Azpeitia, Spain, the wolves and cauldron refer to the prosperity and generosity of the Loyola family, who, after feeding family, retainers and soldiers, had enough food to feed even the wild animals.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "Missouri Valley Conference regular season title in program history. Loyola University Chicago Loyola University Chicago (often referred to as Loyola or LUC) is a private Catholic research university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1870 by the Jesuits, today Loyola is one of the largest Catholic universities in the United States. Loyola's professional schools have educated generations of local business and civic leaders, and distinguished programs in medicine, nursing, and health sciences are anchored by the nationally recognized Loyola University Medical Center. Comprising eleven colleges and schools, Loyola offers over 80 undergraduate and 140 graduate/professional programs and enrolls approximately 16,000 students.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187260", "score": "1.2366312", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "Loyola University Chicago Loyola University Chicago (often referred to as Loyola or LUC) is a private Catholic research university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1870 by the Jesuits, today Loyola is one of the largest Catholic universities in the United States. Loyola's professional schools have educated generations of local business and civic leaders, and distinguished programs in medicine, nursing, and health sciences are anchored by the nationally recognized Loyola University Medical Center. Comprising eleven colleges and schools, Loyola offers over 80 undergraduate and 140 graduate/professional programs and enrolls approximately 16,000 students. Loyola has six campuses across the Chicago metropolitan area,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187229", "score": "1.2044502", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "along Roosevelt Road. In 1909 the school was renamed Loyola University, and in 1912 it began to move to the current Lake Shore Campus; today the original building is part of St. Ignatius College Prep, adjacent to the University of Illinois at Chicago. To meet the growing needs of Chicago, Loyola established professional schools in law (1908), medicine (1909), business (1922), and nursing (1935). The Chicago College of Dental Surgery became part of the university in 1923, and was closed 70 years later. A downtown campus was founded in 1914, and with it the School of Sociology. As the predecessor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187232", "score": "1.1922779", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "1904 as Loyola College on a section of the Foucher Plantation bought by the Jesuits in 1886. A young Jesuit, Fr. Albert Biever, was given a nickel for street car fare and told by his Jesuit superiors to travel Uptown on the St. Charles Streetcar and found a university. As with many Jesuit schools, it contained both a college and preparatory academy. The first classes of Loyola College were held in a residence behind Most Holy Name of Jesus Church. Fr. Biever was the first president. The first of Loyola's permanent buildings was undertaken in 1907, with Marquette Hall completed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637563", "score": "1.1419094", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "Loyola University New Orleans Loyola University New Orleans is a private, co-educational, Jesuit university located in New Orleans, Louisiana. Originally established as Loyola College in 1904, the institution was chartered as a university in 1912. It bears the name of the Jesuit founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola. Loyola is one of 28 member institutions that make up the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities and, with its current enrollment of approximately 5000 students, is among the mid-sized Jesuit universities in the United States. Loyola University New Orleans is ranked as the tenth best institution among Southern regional universities offering masters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637561", "score": "1.1410886", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Loyola University Maryland", "text": "stated that the \"college\" designation no longer fit the school and that its comprehensive array of academic fields, some with graduate programs, was better reflected in its new name. Some alumni were disappointed because they felt the change made the institution less distinct from Loyola University Chicago, Loyola University New Orleans and Loyola Marymount University. Loyola University Maryland was founded by the Society of Jesus in the tradition of Ignatius of Loyola. The Society of Jesus, and therefore Loyola University Maryland, operate according to the mandate Ad maiorem Dei gloriam (AMDG), directing their ends toward that which brings forth the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3291422", "score": "1.1399784", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago School of Law", "text": "Loyola University Chicago School of Law Loyola University Chicago School of Law is the law school of Loyola University Chicago, in Illinois. Established in 1909, by the Society of Jesus, the Roman Catholic order of the Jesuits, the School of Law is located in downtown Chicago. Loyola University Chicago School of Law offers degrees and combined degree programs, including the Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Loyola University Chicago and its Water Tower campus also holds art exhibitions and other cultural events. The Fall 2017 entering class had a median GPA of 3.38 and a median LSAT of 158. 34 percent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3372034", "score": "1.1372476", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "Broadway campus includes Loyola's School of Law, Cabra Residence Hall, and a Department of Visual Arts. Expansion in recent years has seen the addition of Mercy Hall, purchased in 1993, a former girl's preparatory academy; construction of Carrollton Hall, an upperclassman residence; and the J. Edgar and Louise S. Monroe Library, the latter two completed in 1999. In 1996, the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities granted exclusive branding rights to Loyola University Chicago to call itself \"Loyola University\". This resulted in Loyola New Orleans' current trademark, \"Loyola University New Orleans\". In August 2005, Loyola closed its campus and evacuated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637569", "score": "1.1336731", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "of the School of Continuing and Professional Studies. It is in Maywood, an immediate western suburb of Chicago, approximately eleven miles from the Loop. A leading academic center for teaching and research, Loyola University Medical Center comprises the main hospital, Loyola Outpatient Center, Ronald McDonald Children's Hospital, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, and several medical office and laboratory buildings. In 2011, the medical center was sold to Trinity Health, while Loyola continues to own and operate the academic buildings and select research facilities on campus. In 2017, Loyola expanded its accelerated nursing program to an online-based format with lab in Downer's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187244", "score": "1.1248968", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "Avenue today known as the \"Magnificent Mile\", and is named after the Chicago Water Tower, a city landmark that survived the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. It is the home of the Quinlan School of Business, the School of Law, the School of Education, the School of Continuing and Professional Studies, the School of Social Work, the School of Communication, the Institute of Pastoral Studies, and Arrupe College, as well as a selection of classes from programs based elsewhere. Dominated by mixed-use skyscrapers, campus buildings include the Corboy Law Center, Terry Student Center, Baumhart Hall, and landmark Lewis Towers, built", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187241", "score": "1.1204247", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans College of Law", "text": "attendance for three years is $253,149. Loyola University New Orleans College of Law Loyola University New Orleans College of Law is a private law school in New Orleans, Louisiana affiliated with Loyola University New Orleans. Loyola's law school opened in 1914 and is now located on the Broadway Campus of the University in the historic Audubon Park District of the city. The College of Law is one of only fourteen Jesuit law schools in the United States. It is also one of only a few law schools in the nation to offer curricula in both Civil Law and Common Law.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8639963", "score": "1.1183844", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "are executives of major Chicago-based corporations such as McDonald's and Baxter International, as well as dozens of local and national political leaders including the current Illinois Attorney General and Speaker of the House. Loyola alumni have won Emmy, Grammy, Peabody, and Pulitzer awards, as well as Guggenheim and MacArthur fellowships. Loyola was established as St. Ignatius College on June 30, 1870, by Jesuit priest and educator Fr. Arnold Damen. At that time Chicago was a much smaller, but rapidly growing, city just shy of 300,000 people, and as a result the original campus was much closer to the city center", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187231", "score": "1.1125566", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "in 1910. In 1911, the Jesuit schools in New Orleans were reorganized. The College of the Immaculate Conception, founded in 1847 in downtown New Orleans, split its high school and college divisions and became solely a secondary institution, now known as Jesuit High School. Loyola was designated as the collegiate institution and was chartered as Loyola University on July 10, 1912. Loyola grew steadily over the years on its uptown campus. By the end of its first decade, the university not only included the College of Arts and Sciences, but also a School of Law (1914), a School of Dentistry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637564", "score": "1.1118829", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Loyola University Maryland", "text": "an undergraduate population of more than 3,000 students. In 1981, Loyola established a separate business school: The Rev. Joseph A. Sellinger, Jr., School of Business and Management. The school would expand geographically with two graduate centers in Timonium and Columbia, Maryland. The Executive Committee of the college's Board of Trustees announced on August 20, 2008 its decision to change the institution's name to Loyola University Maryland. Its request was approved on March 25, 2009 by the Maryland Higher Education Commission, with the change officially taking effect five months later on August 19. The Reverend Brian F. Linnane, the university's president,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3291421", "score": "1.1087482", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "as well as a campus in Rome and guest programs in Beijing and Ho Chi Minh City. The flagship Lake Shore Campus is on the shores of Lake Michigan in the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods of Chicago, eight miles north of the Loop. Loyola's athletic teams, nicknamed the Ramblers, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. Loyola won the 1963 NCAA men's basketball championship, and remains the only school from Illinois to do so. The Ramblers are also two-time (2014, 2015) NCAA champions in men's volleyball. Among the more than 150,000 Loyola alumni, there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187230", "score": "1.1085054", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "the top. Central to the seal are two wolves and a golden pot, which come from St. Ignatius Loyola's family crest and symbolize generosity (having enough to give to the wolves.) Above the figures of the wolves appears the fleur-de-lis, which represents the French origin of New Orleans and Louisiana. Beneath it is a pelican feeding its young with her own blood; this ancient symbol of Christianity (Christ feeding the Church with his body and blood through the Eucharist) depicts Loyola as an institution of the state of Louisiana. The university enrolls 5,000 students, including 3,000 undergraduates. The student to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637574", "score": "1.1080424", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Concordia University", "text": "roots of its founding institutions go back more than 160 years, Concordia University was formed on August 24, 1974, through the merger of Loyola College (1896) and Sir George Williams University (1926). Loyola College traces its roots to an English-language program at the Jesuit Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal (today part of the Université du Québec à Montréal) at the Sacred Heart Convent. In 1896, Loyola College was established at the corner of Bleury Street and Saint Catherine Street. Loyola College was named in honour of Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus. On March 10, 1898, the institution", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "536327", "score": "1.1062096", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "some new construction, the Broadway Campus was opened in 1986, with several university offices and programs, the school of law most significantly, moving to the new campus. Loyola's first campus, the Main Campus is located on St. Charles Avenue across from Audubon Park and adjacent to Tulane University, which also fronts St. Charles. The St. Charles Streetcar passes in front of the main campus. According to The Princeton Review Loyola students get along well with members of the local community. It is ranked #11 out of 371 Best Colleges for Great Town-Gown Relations. The Main Campus contains the majority of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637585", "score": "1.0973066", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "cauldron refer to the prosperity and generosity of the Loyola family, who, after feeding family, retainers and soldiers, had enough food to feed even the wild animals. Loyola's men's basketball team, the Ramblers, won the 1963 national championship. Loyola is the only Division I NCAA school in Illinois to have won a national title in men's basketball. They also hold the all-time highest win percentage of any team to ever compete in the NCAA tournament. Loyola sits slightly ahead of Duke University. The Loyola Ramblers men's volleyball team won back-to-back NCAA championships in 2014. From 1970 to 1971, Loyola had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187257", "score": "1.097184", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "among \"colleges most committed to community service.\" \"Washington Monthly\" ranked Loyola 21st in the nation for hours of community service. Loyola's Graduate School of Business has been ranked #1 in Ethics nationwide by BusinessWeek, a unique distinction among hundreds of competitive undergraduate business programs in the United States. In addition, Loyola's History Department ranked sixth in the nation in 2006 on the Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index, a respected ranking system of graduate faculty quality. In 2010, the History Department also ranked in the top tier in the 2010 National Research Council's evaluation of the nation's graduate programs. Religious education is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187248", "score": "1.093777", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "the former site of the Resurrection Retreat Center in Woodstock, Illinois an outer suburb approximately fifty miles northwest of Chicago. The campus houses the university's campus ministry programs, and offers a unique learning opportunity for students and faculty interested in the sciences. The property contains of natural habitat that includes ponds, streams, woods, and prairieland. Loyola also owns and operates the Cuneo Mansion and Gardens in suburban Vernon Hills, approximately thirty miles north of Chicago. The mansion and grounds were donated to the university in 2009 by the John and Herta Cuneo Foundation. The estate operates as a museum and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187246", "score": "1.0911758", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago School of Law", "text": "central, northeast, southeast, southwest, west, and northwest. The top two teams from each region advance to the national competition that is held simultaneously with the NAPABA National Convention. The convention sites have included, but are not limited to Hawaii, New York City, Scottsdale, Arizona, Washington D.C., Los Angeles, California, Atlanta, Georgia, Dallas, Texas, and Las Vegas, Nevada. In 2017, Loyola won both the regional and national Thomas Tang Moot Court Competition. Loyola University Chicago School of Law Loyola University Chicago School of Law is the law school of Loyola University Chicago, in Illinois. Established in 1909, by the Society of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3372049", "score": "1.091117", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans", "text": "in fact, the original land purchase contained the land now occupied by both Loyola and Tulane universities and Audubon Place. Through the next twenty years, portions of the original land purchase were sold to different entities to raise money for the new university, resulting in the current Main Campus area of 19 acres. By the 1950s, most of the original campus had been developed and the university looked around for areas where it could expand. In the 1960s, J. Edgar Monroe, a major benefactor of the university, donated to Loyola a large undeveloped tract of land in Metairie where the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637583", "score": "1.0889565", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Loyola Marymount University", "text": "Loyola Marymount University Loyola Marymount University (LMU) is a private, co-educational university in the Jesuit and Marymount traditions located in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The university is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities and one of five Marymount institutions of higher education. Loyola Marymount University traces its history through Loyola College, founded in 1917 as the successor to St. Vincent's College which was founded in 1865, and Marymount College, founded in 1933 with its roots in Marymount School which was founded in 1923. Loyola Marymount, which sits atop the bluffs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1613796", "score": "1.0871814", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "the nation, and is in the midst of over $800 million in capital construction projects. In 2015, the university established Arrupe College, a uniquely structured two-year college designed to give low-income students access to a Loyola education. On May 23, 2016, Loyola named Jo Ann Rooney its 24th president. She is the first female president in the history of the university. Loyola's flagship Lake Shore Campus is along the shores of Lake Michigan in the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods on the north side of Chicago, eight miles north of the Loop. Founded in 1912, it is the primary residential", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187236", "score": "1.0861187", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "in 1945 as the Illinois Catholic Women's Club and today home of the Office of the President and the Loyola University Museum of Art. Recent construction includes The Clare, a 587-foot tower that serves as both a retirement community and the home of the College of Communication, and the LEED certified John and Kathy Schreiber Center, which opened in 2015 as the new home of the Quinlan School of Business. The campus puts students at the heart of Chicago's business and cultural life: it is steps from the offices of major corporations, Chicago's premiere retail and tourist district, as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187242", "score": "1.085826", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "are served by a dining hall and food court in the Damen Student Center. First- and second-year students are required to live in on-campus housing. Upperclass students are permitted to choose from fourteen residences at the Lake Shore campus: Bellarmine, Canisius, Fairfield, Fordham, Georgetown, LeMoyne, Marquette, Marquette South, Messina, Regis, Santa Clara, Seattle, Spring Hill and Xavier Halls. Santa Clara Hall is on Loyola Avenue right on Lake Michigan. Upperclassmen can also choose to live in Baumhart Hall, located at 26 E. Pearson, just a block from the Magnificent Mile in downtown Chicago. It is a 25-floor apartment-style residence for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15187252", "score": "1.0848519", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Loyola University New Orleans College of Law", "text": "Loyola University New Orleans College of Law Loyola University New Orleans College of Law is a private law school in New Orleans, Louisiana affiliated with Loyola University New Orleans. Loyola's law school opened in 1914 and is now located on the Broadway Campus of the University in the historic Audubon Park District of the city. The College of Law is one of only fourteen Jesuit law schools in the United States. It is also one of only a few law schools in the nation to offer curricula in both Civil Law and Common Law. The school releases several academic journals,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8639956", "score": "1.0845785", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Loyola University Maryland", "text": "Baltimore and features Collegiate Gothic architecture, as well as a pedestrian bridge across Charles Street. Academically, the university is divided into three schools: the Loyola College of Arts and Sciences, the Loyola School of Education, and the Sellinger School of Business and Management. It operates a Clinical Center at Belvedere Square in Baltimore and has graduate centers in Timonium and Columbia, Maryland. The student body is composed of approximately 4,000 undergraduate and 1,900 graduate students, representing 34 states and 20 countries, and 84% of undergraduates reside on campus. The average class size is 25, with a student-to-faculty ratio of 12:1.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3291416", "score": "1.0834548", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "long_answer": "LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' family home in Azpeitia, Spain, the wolves and cauldron refer to the prosperity and generosity of the Loyola family, who, after feeding family, retainers and soldiers, had enough food to feed even the wild animals.", "chunked_long_answer": "LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' family home in Azpeitia, Spain, the wolves and cauldron refer to the prosperity and generosity of the Loyola family, who, after feeding family, retainers and soldiers, had enough food to feed even the wild animals.", "short_answers": [ "St. Ignatius of Loyola" ] }

[ "November 5, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "Shameless (season 8)", "text": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season will consist of a total of 12 episodes. It is slated to premiere on November 5, 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Shameless (season 9)", "text": "that the sixth episode of the season would be his last one. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Shameless (season 9) The ninth season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on November 8, 2017, following the season 8 premiere. The season premiered on September 9, 2018, and will consist of a total of 14 episodes. After the seventh episode, the season will be on hiatus until January 20, 2019. The 100th episode of the series will air this season. On August 30, 2018, Emmy Rossum announced that she would leave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20819466", "score": "1.1782088", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 9)", "text": "Shameless (season 9) The ninth season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on November 8, 2017, following the season 8 premiere. The season premiered on September 9, 2018, and will consist of a total of 14 episodes. After the seventh episode, the season will be on hiatus until January 20, 2019. The 100th episode of the series will air this season. On August 30, 2018, Emmy Rossum announced that she would leave the series following the ninth season. On October 7, 2018, Cameron Monaghan announced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20819465", "score": "1.1744485", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Shameless (U.S. TV series)", "text": "officially announced that \"Shameless\" had been renewed for an eighth season. Just days after the eighth season premiere, it was announced that the show had been renewed for a ninth, which would bring the show past the 100-episode mark. In August 2018, Rossum announced her departure from Shameless after nine seasons playing Fiona Gallagher. In October 2018, Cameron Monaghan also announced his departure from the series after playing Ian Gallagher for nine seasons. The theme song for \"Shameless\" is \"The Luck You Got\" by indie rock group The High Strung. The majority of the music featured in the series is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14969523", "score": "1.1293064", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Shameless (UK TV series)", "text": "the seventh series. Unlike any previous series, the eighth series of 22 episodes was split into two halves. The first five episodes were aired consecutively during one week, from 10 January to 14 January 2011, to tie-in with a series-opener story-arc. After this, the series returned to its regular weekly slot, and continued for a further 7 episodes between 18 January to 8 March 2011. After a four-month break, the final 9 episodes of the eighth series began on 30 August 2011 and concluded the series on 25 October 2011. Starting with series 8 the show took a more light", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17003893", "score": "1.0945878", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 4)", "text": "Shameless (season 4) The fourth season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 12, 2014, at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 6, 2014. The show’s season premiere brought in 1.69 million viewers, while the episode airing February 2, \"Strangers on a Train\", received 1.22 million total viewers, its lowest rated episode of the season. The season finale scored 1.93 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411457", "score": "1.0697806", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 4)", "text": "January 12, 2014. Shameless (season 4) The fourth season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 12, 2014, at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 6, 2014. The show’s season premiere brought in 1.69 million viewers, while the episode airing February 2, \"Strangers on a Train\", received 1.22 million total viewers, its lowest rated episode of the season. The season finale", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411460", "score": "1.0689114", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 7)", "text": "Shameless (season 7) The seventh season of \"Shameless\", based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, is an American comedy-drama television series with executive producers John Wells, Christopher Chulack, Krista Vernoff, Etan Frankel, Nancy M. Pimental and Sheila Callaghan. The season premiered on October 2, 2016, the first time the series has debuted in autumn. Showtime premiered a free preview of the season premiere online on September 23, 2016, ahead of the October 2 broadcast. In this season, Frank starts a successful homeless shelter, but later gets kicked out despite owning the property. He later finds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19506708", "score": "1.0565561", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Shameless (UK TV series)", "text": "with Gloria in Series 10, however this stopped following a pregnancy scare, and eventually Karen discovers his deceit. Shane accidentally killed a man after running him over in a hit-and-run, and battled his conscience as he began helping the man's family through their grief. The eleventh and final series of Shameless began on 26 February 2013 and concluded the show itself on 28 May 2013. An expansion from the last two series, the eleventh series consisted of 14 episodes. The shows final episode saw the return of several departed characters, mostly consisting of the Gallagher children. During the eleventh series,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17003900", "score": "1.0481122", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Shameless (U.S. TV series)", "text": "two weeks later on January 29, \"Shameless\" was renewed for a fourth season. It premiered January 12, 2014. On February 18, 2014, the series was renewed for a fifth season. Production on the first episode of the fifth season began on July 3, 2014 with the first episode table read, with initial shooting for the season beginning on July 8, 2014. The series was renewed for a sixth season on January 12, 2015. \"Shameless\" was renewed for a 12-episode seventh season on January 12, 2016. Season 7 premiered on October 2, 2016. The series is set in Chicago's Canaryville neighborhood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14969521", "score": "1.0427673", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Shameless (U.S. TV series)", "text": "officially began airing on Showtime on Sunday, January 9, 2011. It is filmed in the North Lawndale community area of Chicago and Burbank, California, at Warner Bros. Studios. Before the cold open, a main character breaks the fourth wall and berates the viewer who missed previous episodes by identifying plot points relevant to the current episode. Initial shooting of the second season began on July 5, 2011 and premiered January 8, 2012. The series was renewed for a third season on February 1, 2012, and initial shooting began June 27, 2012. The third season premiered on January 13, 2013, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14969520", "score": "1.0356805", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 5)", "text": "while Frank struggles with sobriety following his recent liver transplant. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On February 18, 2014, Showtime announced the series would be renewed for a fifth season. Production on the first episode began on July 3, 2014 with the first table read, with principal photography commencing on July 8, 2014. Shameless (season 5) The fifth season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 11, 2015 on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, and producer Michael Hissrich. Like all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411478", "score": "1.0331534", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Shameless (UK TV series)", "text": "also saw the return of Jack Deam as Marty Fisher as a regular cast member, who left the show in Series 4. When Frank finds himself being framed for brutally mugging a pensioner, Kev Ball, who left the show in Series 4, returned to help, with Dean Lennox Kelly reprising the role for a single episode to mark \"Shameless\" 100th episode. The ninth series of Shameless began on 9 January 2012 and concluded on 13 March 2012. The ninth series, originally consisting of 22 episodes, was reduced to 11 episodes, with the remaining 11 being turned into the tenth series.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17003896", "score": "1.0277879", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 2)", "text": "Carl run a babysitting service in the house to bring in extra funds. Sheila is simultaneously trying to find Eddie (who committed suicide last season) and working on getting over her agoraphobia. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The show's second season began shooting on July 5, 2011 and it premiered on Sunday, January 8, 2012 at a new time slot at 9:00pm. Shanola Hampton, Steve Howey, Joan Cusack, and Laura Slade Wiggins return in the second season as Veronica Fisher, Kevin \"Kev\" Ball, Sheila Jackson and Karen Jackson. Also returning are Noel Fisher as Mickey Milkovich, Pej Vahdat as Kash, Tyler Jacob Moore as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411449", "score": "1.0256301", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 2)", "text": "Shameless (season 2) The second season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 8, 2012, at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 1, 2012. The show's season premiere brought in 1.58 million viewers, which was higher than the season 1 premiere. The episode airing March 4, \"Parenthood\", received 1.6 million total viewers, its highest rated show of the season. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411446", "score": "1.0215852", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Shameless (U.S. TV series)", "text": "turns in such episodes as 'But at Last Came a Knock'\". BuddyTV ranked \"Shameless\" #8 on its list of 2011's best new TV shows. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 'fresh' rating of 74% based on 31 reviews, with the critical consensus \"Shameless is a dark, urban dramedy that overcomes its leaps of logic thanks to fantastic casting, intriguing ambiance, and shock value.\" Seasons 2-8 each have an above 90% rating as of July 2018, with the exception of season 7, which has an 88% rating. The first episode of the series, \"Pilot\", was watched by 982,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14969529", "score": "1.0206215", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 4)", "text": "to college and meets a young woman named Amanda who helps him through a difficult time. Lip begins a relationship with Amanda. Debbie attempts to reinvent herself. Ian comes back from the army drastically changed. Veronica finds out that she's pregnant with triplets, Kevin reveals that the bar is losing money, Carol refuses Veronica's request to abort her own baby, also fathered by Kev. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 29, 2013, Showtime announced the series would be renewed for a fourth season. The show's fourth season began production on September 20, 2013 and began filming the following week, and premiered on Sunday,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411459", "score": "1.0187678", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 2)", "text": "the USA. Shameless (season 2) The second season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 8, 2012, at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 1, 2012. The show's season premiere brought in 1.58 million viewers, which was higher than the season 1 premiere. The episode airing March 4, \"Parenthood\", received 1.6 million total viewers, its highest rated show of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411451", "score": "1.0187196", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 3)", "text": "person, leaving a heartbroken Fiona to enlist Frank's help in getting them back. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On February 1, 2012, Showtime announced the series would be renewed for a third season. The show's third season began shooting on June 27, 2012 and premiered on Sunday, January 13, 2013. Noel Fisher, Emma Greenwell and Zach McGowan have been promoted to series regulars for their roles as Mickey Milkovich, Mandy Milkovich and Jody Silverman. Laura Slade Wiggins was demoted to a recurring character for her role as Karen Jackson. After Karen gives birth to her son, Sheila and Jody decide to raise Karen's newborn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411455", "score": "1.0159793", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Shameless (UK TV series)", "text": "26 January 2010 and concluded on 4 May 2010. As with series 5 and 6, the seventh series consisted of 16 episodes. Series 7 saw the arrivals of Libby Croker, played by Pauline McLynn, the next serious love interest for Frank, and her battleaxe wheelchair-bound mother, Patty, with Valerie Lilley taking on the role. This series also introduced Maxine's brother Bruce, who would only appear during this series. Also to arrive in Series 7 was Billy Tutton (Michael Taylor), a new love interest for Mimi, who would return as a regular in the following series. Sean Gilder left his role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17003891", "score": "1.0153725", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Emmy Rossum", "text": "that of co-star Macy and back pay for the differential over seven seasons, which was resolved later that month. Following this news, \"Shameless\" was renewed for its eighth season beginning production in 2017. In August 2018, Rossum announced her departure from \"Shameless\" after nine seasons. In mid-2011, Rossum starred in D. J. Caruso's social film, \"Inside\"; the online film aired in several segments, incorporating multiple social media platforms including Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. The following year, Rossum played Ridley, a siren Caster in \"Beautiful Creatures\" (2013), based on the young adult fantasy novel of the same name. Although the film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3989709", "score": "1.0122741", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Shameless (U.S. TV series)", "text": "on the South Side. In December 2016, it was reported that Emmy Rossum had requested that she be paid more than William H. Macy for future seasons, to make up for previous seasons in which she was paid less than Macy. The pay dispute briefly delayed work on an eighth season of the series, while she and Warner Bros. Television negotiated. The dispute came to an end on December 14, when Rossum confirmed through Twitter that she would continue to work on the series, with production of an eighth season to begin in May 2017. On December 19, 2016, Showtime", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14969522", "score": "1.0090969", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 3)", "text": "Shameless (season 3) The third season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 13, 2013, at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 7, 2013. The shows season premiere brought in 2.00 million viewers, becoming the show highest rated episode ever to-date. The episode airing February 17, \"The Sins of My Caretaker\", received 1.31 million total viewers, its lowest rated episode", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411452", "score": "1.0084374", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 2)", "text": "season finale scored 1.45 million viewers. It's summertime in Chicago, and the Gallaghers are back and up to the same tricks. Frank – after losing a bet with a fellow bar patron – is now in over his head $6,000, and Karen refuses to let him steal the money from Sheila again; Frank uses Liam to win sympathy panhandling, until the bar patron takes Liam as collateral for the money. Lip wants to continue seeing Karen, who is now attending Sex Addicts Anonymous meetings and in a sex-free relationship with a fellow group member; however, he is also preoccupied with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411447", "score": "1.0050635", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Shameless (UK TV series)", "text": "hearted, comedy approach, rarely taking on board the gritty realistic drama it had started out with. From this point onwards the shows storylines became increasingly farfetched and viewing figures started to drop rapidly. Series 8 saw a variety of new characters arrive, including the Powell family, consisting of Emmanuel Ighodaro as Jackson, Karen Bryson as Jackson's wife Avril, and Kira Martin as their daughter Letitia. Also, Libby and Patty's relative, Aidan Croker, played by Robbie Conway, arrived to fill the hole left by Liam, following his departure in the early episodes of the series. Billy Tutton returned and is revealed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17003894", "score": "1.0003171", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Shameless (UK TV series)", "text": "Also departing this series was Carl, who made numerous guest appearances before leaving. Prominent storylines for this series include Micky being the victim of a homophobic attack, and Frank, Jamie, Shane, Ruby and Aidan being trapped underground when a plan to rob lottery tickets goes dramatically wrong. Series 10, originally planned to be the second half of the ninth series, was reduced from 11 episodes to 10. It aired between 13 September and 1 November 2012. As with the last two series, the first two episodes aired on two consecutive nights. The final episode of the tenth series saw three", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17003898", "score": "0.99461025", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 5)", "text": "Shameless (season 5) The fifth season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 11, 2015 on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, and producer Michael Hissrich. Like all previous seasons, the season consisted of 12 episodes. The season picks up from the season 4 finale two to three months after the events of finding out Ian's bipolarity and Fiona's release from prison. Fiona begins a new relationship with a skilled member of a rock 'n' roll band", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411476", "score": "0.9891479", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 1)", "text": "cast as Sheila, a romantic interest for Frank, replacing Allison Janney, who portrayed the role in the pilot. A preview of the pilot aired on December 12, 2010, after the Season 5 finale of \"Dexter\". The first season officially began airing on Showtime on Sunday, January 9, 2011. Production began in mid-September 2010. It is filmed in the North Lawndale community area of Chicago and Burbank, California, at Warner Bros. Studios. Shameless (season 1) The first season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 9,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411445", "score": "0.98387194", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 7)", "text": "He later finds out Mickey is out of prison. Debbie struggles to raise and keep Franny as she gets kidnapped by Derek's family. Kev and Veronica continue their \"thrupple\" with Svetlana until they find out Svetlana lied and betrayed them. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Recurring actress Isidora Goreshter has been promoted to series regular with the commencement of the season. Star Emmy Rossum made her directorial debut with the fourth episode, \"I Am A Storm\". Shameless (season 7) The seventh season of \"Shameless\", based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, is an American comedy-drama television series with executive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19506710", "score": "0.976789", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Shameless (season 1)", "text": "Shameless (season 1) The first season of \"Shameless\", an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 9, 2011, at Sunday 10:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on March 27, 2011. The show's season premiere was watched by 982,000 viewers, making it the network's biggest turnout for a series premiere since \"Dead Like Me\" in 2003. The episode airing January 30, \"Casey Casden\", received 1.45 million total", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411441", "score": "0.9734317", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Shameless (season 8)", "long_answer": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season will consist of a total of 12 episodes. It is slated to premiere on November 5, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season will consist of a total of 12 episodes. It is slated to premiere on November 5, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "November 5, 2017" ] }

[ "Beyoncé", "Coldplay", "Bruno Mars", "the British rock group Coldplay" ]

[ { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Super Bowl LI halftime show", "text": "of the stage, shouted \"Super Bowl 51\", dropped her microphone, and jumped off the stage catching a football. Around August 2016 media began reporting that singer Adele was in discussions with the National Football League (NFL) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, on February 5, 2017, at Houston's NRG Stadium. Pepsi Zero Sugar sponsored the show. A representative from the NFL said that \"organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up\". During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles, Adele clarified that although she had been asked to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567743", "score": "1.0902538", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jim Gray (sportscaster)", "text": "Gray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6718930", "score": "1.0451471", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LI", "text": "Bowl 50, confirmed that she would be performing at the Super Bowl LI halftime show on her Instagram account with the message: \"It's not an illusion. The rumors are true. This year the SUPER BOWL goes GAGA!\" Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show, John Entz, confirmed Gaga's involvement adding \"[She] is one of the most electric performers of our generation, and we couldn't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show... It is going to be an incredible night.\" Lady Gaga opened the halftime show with a combination of \"God", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16858082", "score": "1.0383321", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "Super Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champions Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champions Carolina Panthers, 24–10. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California (located in the San Francisco Bay Area). As this was the 50th Super Bowl game, the league emphasized the \"golden anniversary\" with various gold-themed initiatives during the 2015 season, as well as suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084463", "score": "1.0262163", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jennifer Jones (Rockette)", "text": "Football League Super Bowl XXII halftime show at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, in a game between the Washington Redskins and the Denver Broncos. Produced by Radio City Music Hall, the theme was “Something Grand”, and was intended to break from the \"traditional baton-twirling approach\" of past halftime shows, as explained by Barnett Lipton, Radio City Music Hall's special events coordinator. He added that the theme was a spinoff of the year 1988. “We've come up with a show that's all 88 – 88 pianos, each with 88 keys, and the 88 greatest legs in show business.” The 12-minute", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20593162", "score": "1.017799", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "for the game. This ceremony continued a ten-year tradition (starting with Super Bowl XX and then repeated in Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XL) in which past Super Bowl MVPs were honored before the game. Lady Gaga (accompanied by Alex Smith on piano) sang the national anthem, while Marlee Matlin simultaneously performed an American Sign Language (ASL) version of it. Matlin also signed an a cappella version of \"America the Beautiful\", which was sung by a U.S. Armed Forces chorus. In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that \"multiple acts\" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084511", "score": "1.0079639", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Super Bowl Shuffle", "text": "updated version as a 30-second commercial promoting Boost Mobile, which was aired during Super Bowl XLIV. The seven players featured were quarterback Jim McMahon, backup quarterback Steve Fuller, receiver Willie Gault, linebackers Mike Singletary and Otis Wilson, defensive lineman Richard Dent, and punter Maury Buford. All of the featured players wore #50 jerseys as part of the company's $50 deal. On January 21, 2014, Misfire Records released a cover version of the song featuring acclaimed musicians (Jim James of My Morning Jacket, John Roderick of The Long Winters, and Tim Harrington of Les Savy Fav), comedians (Tom Scharpling of \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5765366", "score": "1.0027133", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LI halftime show", "text": "perform by the NFL, she had declined since she did not believe she was suitable for the halftime show. The NFL explained they had not signed any musician and were still in discussions with several artists. In the meantime singer Lady Gaga announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album, \"Joanne\", in October 2016. \"Billboard\" reported that the NFL was is discussions with the singer, because of her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl. On September 29, 2016, Gaga confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show. Fox", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567744", "score": "0.9943808", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII halftime show", "text": "but Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, \"along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567780", "score": "0.98975426", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Counterprogramming", "text": "representative of modern pop culture. During Super Bowl XXVI, Fox aired a live, football-themed episode of \"In Living Color\" against halftime; the special drew 22 million viewers; Nielsen estimated that CBS lost 10 ratings points during halftime as a result of the special. The success of the special alarmed the National Football League, who took steps to increase interest and viewership of the halftime show by inviting major pop musicians to perform, beginning with Michael Jackson at Super Bowl XXVII. This pattern continued until 2005, when an incident at Super Bowl XXXVIII's halftime show where Justin Timberlake exposed one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6982255", "score": "0.9888318", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVI", "text": "by \"Askmen.com\". Janet Jackson was originally selected to perform at the Halftime Show, but she instead allowed U2 to perform a tribute to the events of September 11 and due to traveling concerns following the tragedy. She performed again for the Super Bowl halftime two years later, when her highly controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident occurred. The Rams scored first midway through the first quarter, with quarterback Kurt Warner completing 6-of-7 passes for 43 yards on a 48-yard, 10-play drive to set up a 50-yard field goal by kicker Jeff Wilkins. At the time, the field goal was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "403930", "score": "0.9867706", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "was designed by Tiffany & Co. After putting out a call for volunteers in June 2015, over 450 volunteers helped to make the Super Bowl 50 Tour happen. More than 5,000 volunteers were on hand to help with events leading up to, during and after Super Bowl 50 as well. Volunteers signed up for a minimum of 3–4 hour shifts, and some volunteers gave more than 200 hours of their time over the course of the week. As a thank you for volunteering, volunteers were gifted backpacks and uniforms. In the United States, the game was televised by CBS, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084498", "score": "0.9863173", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII halftime show", "text": "to announce her name we will do it. Or his name. Or their names.\" The NFL confirmed the announcement on October 22 with a video starring Timberlake and Jimmy Fallon. This was Timberlake's third appearance in a Super Bowl halftime show. As a member of NSYNC, Timberlake appeared in the Super Bowl XXXV (2001) halftime show, and as a guest artist in the Super Bowl XXXVIII (2004), which performance featured a controversial incident where Timberlake accidentally exposed one of Janet Jackson's breasts on national television, described as a wardrobe malfunction. The Parents Television Council penned an open letter to Timberlake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567781", "score": "0.9855473", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "American culture these days, isn't it. And it is perfectly suited for empty Super Bowl half-time spectacle\". Like previous performers, Madonna was not paid for the show. According to Zack O'Malley Greenburg of \"Forbes\", \"Typically, the entertainers for the Super Bowl do not get a cash payment ... This is the kind of exposure that entertainers would give their right arm for; they could do 20 Leno and Letterman appearances and still not reach that [kind of] audience\". Greenburg wrote that with 30-second commercial spots commanding over $3 million apiece, the 12 minutes of free television exposure had a total", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076867", "score": "0.9806992", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Super Bowl counterprogramming", "text": "then-fledging Fox network aired a special live episode of its popular sketch comedy show \"In Living Color\" during halftime at Super Bowl XXVI (which featured a halftime show entitled \"Winter Magic\", a Winter Olympics-themed show starring Gloria Estefan, Brian Boitano, and Dorothy Hamill to tie into CBS's upcoming broadcast of the Games). The live episode featured football-themed sketches (such as \"Men on Football\"), a performance by Color Me Badd, and a clock counting down to the start of the third quarter. The episode was sponsored by Frito-Lay, who paid $2 million to hold all national advertising time, and to help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12810380", "score": "0.9756983", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXVII", "text": "by Buffalo wide receiver Don Beebe before crossing the Buffalo goal line, and the football rolled into the Buffalo end zone and out of bounds for a touchback. Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman was named Super Bowl MVP, completing 22 of 30 passes for 273 yards and four touchdowns for a passer rating of 140.6, while also rushing for 28 yards. In response to the Fox Network's Super Bowl counterprogramming of a special episode of \"In Living Color\" during the previous year, the NFL booked Michael Jackson to perform during the entire Super Bowl XXVII halftime show. Jackson's performance started the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394628", "score": "0.97237545", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18329765", "score": "0.96803075", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show", "text": "Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. Mars and his eight-piece band, The Hooligans, were dressed in clothes custom created by Saint Laurent by Hedi Slimane. Prince, Michael Jackson and James Brown used the same style in clothes; Mars worked a retro gold lame jacket paired with a white shirt, black trousers and a matching skinny tie. Mars made history at the Super Bowl XLVIII Halftime Show as the youngest artist ever to serve as the sole NFL Super Bowl Halftime headliner. He opened the show with a drum solo on a kit designed to honor his late mother, Bernadette Hernandez.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17836784", "score": "0.9666418", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "the physical and time constraints of the event. \"I have eight minutes to set up my stage, 12 minutes to put on the greatest show on Earth, and I have seven minutes to take it down. So, that football field is clean for the second half of the game\", she said. \"How do you do that? This is a Midwesterner girls dream to be performing at the Super Bowl half-time show. In over 25 years of performing that I've done, I have never worked so hard or been so scrupulous or detail-orientated or freaked out.\" The singer's plan to have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076841", "score": "0.96649873", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "its late-night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special live episode of \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\" following the game, with a sketch featuring a pre-recorded appearance by Barack Obama, and guests Will Ferrell, Tina Fey, Margot Robbie, and Megyn Kelly. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of \"The Late Late Show with James Corden\". With an average TV audience of 111.9 million, the game was the third most-watched Super Bowl—and third most-watched U.S. program—in history, according to the Nielsen ratings. It was also the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084503", "score": "0.96340513", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXVII halftime show", "text": "a special episode of \"In Living Color\", broadcast by future NFL broadcaster Fox during the game's halftime period successfully attracted viewers away from the Super Bowl telecast on CBS (with viewership falling by 22% over halftime), the NFL began the process of heightening the profile of the halftime show in an effort to attract mainstream viewers. Radio City Productions, who would produce the halftime show, attempted to court Michael Jackson to serve as the headline act by meeting with him and his manager Sandy Gallin. After three failed negotiations, including asking the NFL for a fee of $1 million, Jackson's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20550655", "score": "0.96162367", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII halftime show", "text": "scene at the show's opening. All members of the band were featured on the field in the show's finale, \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\". The band had previously performed in the halftime show of Super Bowl XXVI. Timberlake’s performance received mixed reviews. In a positive review, Bruce R. Miller of \"Sioux City Journal\" wrote \"Timberlake is a masterful live performer – which made Sunday's Super Bowl performance about the only sure bet,\" he continued commenting the performer \"did a lot of infectious dancing and managed to play with the crowd like no other.\" Although it did not have a moment that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18567786", "score": "0.9603225", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXVI", "text": "Boitano and Dorothy Hamill skated on sheets of Teflon that were embedded on the tops of large platforms that were placed on the field for the show. Singer Gloria Estefan performed during the show's finale. To compete with the halftime show, Fox decided to broadcast a special live episode of \"In Living Color\" and was able to attract and keep Super Bowl viewers. It was decided that Michael Jackson would perform at halftime during Super Bowl XXVII, followed by more big-name talent during subsequent Super Bowl halftimes in order to maintain Super Bowl viewership. Both teams entered the game as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394608", "score": "0.9582497", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI halftime show", "text": "of the cape, they had to re-do it for the singer. The performance featured 500 outfits customized for LMFAO, Minaj, M.I.A., Green, 100 drumline performers, 150 gladiators (who wore black Calvin Klein underwear) and 200 choir singers. The 1,500 crew members were allotted seven minutes to set up the stage, with the California-based Torrence All Access Staging and Productions handling the required equipment. Erik Eastland of the company, who oversaw the setup, had been associated with the Grammy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards. About 70 percent of the workers were volunteers who underwent six months of screening, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17076845", "score": "0.95359707", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy", "text": "to players and coaches as Roberts ran around the field until players from both competing teams, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers, tackled him. Matt Chatham, the Patriots' special teams expert and reserve linebacker initially knocked Roberts down, thus allowing stadium security and police to arrest Roberts and take him into custody. Aside from Jackson's exposure, minor controversy around the show's other performances included rappers P. Diddy and Nelly gesturing towards their crotches, stripping cheerleaders, and musician Kid Rock appearing in a poncho made from a slit American flag, which he later threw towards the audience. U.S. Senator", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2734528", "score": "0.9524618", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy", "text": "from attending after being scheduled as a presenter, saying \"I know it's been a rough week on everybody. What occurred was unintentional, completely regrettable and I apologize if you guys are offended.\" Timberlake gave an additional interview at the Grammy event and stated, \"All I could say was, 'Oh, my God. Oh, my God,'\" Timberlake said. \"I looked at her. They brought a towel up on stage. They covered her up. I was completely embarrassed and just walked off the stage as quickly as I could. I'm frustrated at the whole situation. I'm frustrated that my character is being questioned.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2734496", "score": "0.95080423", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LIII halftime show", "text": "Super Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. \"The New York Times\", \"Rolling Stone\", and \"Billboard\" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19152710", "score": "0.95067954", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVII halftime show", "text": "Star-Spangled Banner\" at President Obama's second inauguration on January 21, 2013, she was accused for lip sync. During a news conference where she discussed her halftime performance, she admitted that she sang the song along with a pre-recorded track during the ceremony, but confirmed that she's going to sing live during the Super Bowl halftime show, saying \"I will absolutely be singing live... This is what I was born to do, what I was born for. I've had a 16-year career. All the things I've done have prepared me for this.\" Following her performance at the halftime show, Jon Caramanica", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17079295", "score": "0.9500104", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "a Super Bowl with the same franchise he went to the Super Bowl with as a player. Manning announced his retirement from the NFL a month after the Super Bowl. This was also the final game in the career of Panthers defensive lineman Jared Allen, who retired as the NFL's ninth all-time leader in sacks. Sources: Super Bowl 50 Play Finder Den, Super Bowl 50 Play Finder Car, The Football Database Super Bowl 50 Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted Source: Super Bowl 50 had nine officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. This was Denver’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084528", "score": "0.94799745", "original_retrieval_index": 50 } ]

{ "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "long_answer": "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.", "short_answers": [ "Beyoncé", "Bruno Mars", "Coldplay", "the British rock group Coldplay" ] }

[ "Yale University", "Yale University," ]

[ { "title": "Rory Gilmore", "text": "After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of studying at Harvard. During her freshman year, Rory resides at Durfee Hall and shares a dorm room with Tana, Janet, and fellow Chilton alumna Paris Geller. She moves to Branford College, the same residential college that her grandfather, Richard Gilmore, lived in, at the beginning of her sophomore year. There she shares a dorm", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Gilmore Girls (season 3)", "text": "a party, rings her mother and tells her everything. Dave pleads their case and Mrs Kim lets them go to the prom together. Paris starts dating Jamie, a student from Princeton that she and Rory met in Washington, but falls out with Rory when she thinks she has told student council rival Francie about them. However, it is Rory that Paris turns to when she sleeps with Jamie and fails to get into Harvard. Luke rents the premises next to the diner to Taylor to open a soda shop, and ends up dating Taylor's solicitor Nicole Leahy. Richard takes the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19002064", "score": "1.2267079", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller", "text": "Rory several tedious projects in an unsuccessful effort to make her quit. This marks a turning point in their relationship, as Paris begins to respect Rory's resilience. She also wins the position of Student Body President with Rory as her running mate. After Paris begins helping her with personal matters, Rory invites Paris to spend a night at her home, and the two acknowledge their developing friendship. They later spend a summer as roommates during an internship program. When Paris learns that her application to Harvard University has been rejected, Rory is the first person to comfort her. Upon graduating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20528056", "score": "1.2251385", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "of Tristan, there was no boy for Paris to be attracted to, and except for teasing a nerdy boy who got on her nerves sometimes (Brad Langford), she focused on her studies and building her college admissions chances. She also made a successful run for student body president in her senior year with Rory as her vice president towards the end of the season, and their reward is a two-month trip to Washington, DC for a Junior Leadership program. The third season begins towards the end of the Washington trip, with Rory and Paris as roommates and becoming very close.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173411", "score": "1.2030835", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "as her crush Tristan gave more attention to Rory than to Paris, whom he considered a platonic friend. After Rory earns a D in a literature class as she tries to catch up with her classmates, Paris jokes bitterly the grade would be perfect to apply for work at McDonald's. Later, the comment would come back to haunt her as an annoyed Rory went off on her for calling her a \"loser\" during a test she failed to make due to oversleeping. Paris' backstory is built with each episode after this point. She is forced by her mother to attend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173398", "score": "1.1982192", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "she'll go on to do great things, and both of them embrace in a hug a little tight at Rory's end. Paris and Rory then graduate from Yale. In the revival, it was revealed that she went into reproductive medicine, running a successful surrogacy/fertility clinic in New York known as Dynasty Makers, which Lorelai and Luke visit while considering having a child of their own. She has two children of her own with Doyle; a girl, Gabriela, and a boy, Timóteo (likely named for the Brazilian city), though she is in the middle of a separation with Doyle (who has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173430", "score": "1.19532", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "server and having to take small loans from her friend. Rory later drops out of Yale due to personal frustrations. Afterward, an upset Paris goes to Lorelai for comfort several times throughout the summer, much to the derision of the Dragonfly Inn's staff, who consider her bossy and demanding. Lorelai continues to show sympathy for Paris, despite her intensity. When Rory finally goes back to Yale, Paris shows indifference to the happy news of her friend getting back to her old, competitive self, knowing Rory would have eventually realized how much she missed school and how it would make her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173423", "score": "1.1822674", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "dorm room. In their sophomore year at Yale, Paris and Rory would share a dorm alone together, causing much discomfort for them both when either one of their boyfriends were present and they wanted individual privacy. In the middle of the fifth season, Paris started dating Doyle (Danny Strong), editor of the \"Yale Daily News\" after attempting speed dating and finding herself wanting more to talk to Doyle than the men at the event (Paris dismisses one of them upon hearing his first line of \"Well I'm a drama major\", by saying \"Ding, ding, ding!!\" to imitate the bell that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173421", "score": "1.1802031", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "and her boyfriend Doyle move into an apartment building in a more urban part of New Haven at the start of the semester, and eventually let Rory live with them. Paris takes measures to protect herself, including several door locks and chains on her apartment door, burglar alarms, and Krav Maga self-defense classes. When Paris hears that she had been ousted and replaced by Rory as Editor, she throws out all of Rory's belongings in an act of spite, forcing Rory to move in with Logan. After a few weeks, Paris returns to the \"Daily News\", feeling defeated and down.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173425", "score": "1.1762252", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "ends a speed date). They would end up having sex hours later and start a relationship fraught with neurotic tendencies and competitiveness on both sides, but still love and mutual respect for one another. Paris finds herself struggling upon the start of her junior year, due to her parents fleeing the country because of the IRS pursuing them on tax fraud and tax evasion charges, exhausting all of her funds except for those in her trust fund and her Yale tuition. This forces her to help Rory out by taking a job with a DAR event where she was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173422", "score": "1.1741319", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "Rory sympathizes with her, and suggests that Paris turn an article she was writing into a week-long series. When Rory learns that Logan has cheated on her, she leaves him and moves back in with Paris. Doyle moves out following a break-up with Paris, and the girls make up while enjoying television and Chinese food. They reconcile with their boyfriends in the following episode. The final season of the series starts with Paris using the \"Daily News\" office for the summer to run her own test preparation service, called \"The Paris Geller Yale Review\", to help students pass standardized and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173426", "score": "1.1739987", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Gilmore Girls (season 6)", "text": "with Rory. During the estrangement, Lorelai buys a dog, Paul Anka. Rory is given 300 hours community service for the boat theft and Emily gets her a job in the office at the DAR. However, Rory begins to resent Emily's attempts to turn her into her and, after five months apart, moves back home and returns to Yale. Doyle steps down as editor of the Yale Daily News and is replaced by Paris. The couple gets an apartment near college and Rory moves into their spare room. However, Paris soon alienates the newsroom with her bullying style of leadership and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19010612", "score": "1.1731578", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "dormitory, surprised to find that not only has Paris decided to attend the school, but that Paris had her father exert his influence with the room assignments so that Paris and Rory would share a dorm. In their freshmen year they would share this room with two other girls, cross-country runner Janet Billings (Katie Walder) and Tana Schrick (Olivia Hack), a sixteen year-old child prodigy. She also hires a life coach named Terrence to deal with her emotions when her nanny can no longer take care of her, and takes up arts and crafts in an attempt to deal with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173417", "score": "1.1665353", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "family tradition was Harvard University (five generations according to her), and she had a complete meltdown on C-SPAN while she was supposed to be helping Rory deliver a co-written speech for the Chilton Bicentennial celebration in the wake of receiving a rejection letter from Harvard and losing her virginity to Jamie a few days earlier. Days before, Paris had told Rory first about her having sex, and the two reconciled, just in time as Rory was able to convince Paris that not getting into her dream college wasn't the end of the world. Rory, too, had intended to go to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173415", "score": "1.1637565", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Gilmore Girls", "text": "as valedictorian. Rory starts her college education at Yale, with Paris - now a friend - as her roommate. Both start working for the Yale Daily News. Rory is surprised when Dean quickly marries his new girlfriend. The pair grow closer again over the season, leading Rory to turn down Jess when he returns and declares his love. Lorelai spends the season renovating the Dragonfly Inn in preparation for its open, along with Sookie and their colleague Michel. She also begins a relationship with Richard's new business partner, Jason Stiles, which she keeps secret from her parents. Lane's mother learns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2327121", "score": "1.1551623", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Gilmore Girls (season 7)", "text": "Paris and Doyle. She also befriends Lucy and Olivia, two girls she met at an art exhibition. Lucy's boyfriend turns out to be Marty, who pretends not to know Rory. Rory goes along with it, upsetting Lucy when Logan tells her the truth, but Lucy breaks up with Marty and reconciles with Rory. Logan pursues a software deal against Mitchum's wishes, losing his trust fund and costing the company a multimillion-dollar lawsuit for patent infringement. Logan resigns and takes a job in San Francisco. Paris is accepted into every grad school she applies to but Rory is rejected for an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19010692", "score": "1.1540687", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller", "text": "eventually graduate together, and Rory declares that they will always be a part of each other's lives. In the spin-off miniseries \"\", which takes place nearly 10 years later, they are shown to still be close to one another. In an article for \"The Atlantic\", writer Shirley Li described Paris and Rory's friendship as \"something too rare in pop culture: a deep platonic female relationship that didn't come prepackaged, but instead developed in front of viewers' eyes.\" Molly McGowan of \"Rogues Portal\" concurred, noting that the girls \"gradually develop a very supportive, if idiosyncratic, friendship\". Sabienna Bowman of \"Bustle\" felt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20528058", "score": "1.1480173", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "characters. Paris was originally created for a three-episode guest arc by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino and executive producer Gavin Polone at the beginning of the show's first season to introduce Rory Gilmore's character to the high pressures, competitiveness and stress of going from the small public high school in Stars Hollow, to the storied and respected halls of Hartford's Chilton Academy. This character was created in consolation for Weil after a strong audition for the role of Rory (Weil had been known to Polone through her work in \"Stir of Echoes\", which he and his company produced), which eventually went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173395", "score": "1.1414582", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "dreams come true, along with proving Logan's father wrong. In the meantime, Paris becomes editor of the \"Yale Daily News\", in preparation for Doyle's graduation, immediately instituting a quieter and less chaotic newsroom. The staff ends up resenting Paris's leadership and insists that Rory does something about her. Because of this grinding management style, the newspaper nearly misses a publication date, only making it to the press with a last-minute push by Rory to get it into the printer on time. In the end, the staff mutinies against Paris's behavior and chooses Rory as their new editor, ousting Paris. Paris", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173424", "score": "1.1412657", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "Rory's 16th birthday party thrown by her grandparents, and makes it clear doesn't enjoy it. Later, she bumps into Rory at a college fair, and away from the pressures of school and Tristan, she opens up a little to the girl, discussing Harvard and how she hopes to go there one day, as does Rory. Though they don't get along, they agree to disagree and be cordial to each other, noting that Harvard is a big campus and they probably would not see each other again after Chilton. Her hidden crush on Tristan is a major theme for the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173399", "score": "1.1404974", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Lorelais' First Day At Chilton", "text": "for Rory's first day. Lorelai and Emily leave after some awkward moments in the headmaster's office, bickering the entire way out. Rory's day goes downhill from there. She is handed a three inch binder containing one week's worth of notes from one class and meets some insufferable classmates including Paris, who sees Rory as a rival and tells her that she is the smartest student, and Tristan, who teases Rory by incessantly calling her \"Mary.\" Later, Rory ruins Paris's class project as she tries to open her locker and begins to answer questions Paris would usually answer, further provoking her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10942388", "score": "1.1376929", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "Hollow as a meeting place for the project, which just happens to be at the same time Lorelai is organizing the town's rummage sale, filling the house with assorted clothes and merchandise. Madeline and Louise seem to want to befriend Rory and are yelled at several times by Paris to keep working, but keep going back to talking about Rory's relationship with Dean, annoying Paris to no end. Later, Lorelai gets an idea upon seeing Rory, Madeline and Louise bond, and invites all four girls to a Bangles concert in Manhattan. Paris declines to go, but is talked into it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173404", "score": "1.1375808", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Gilmore Girls", "text": "with the DAR. Richard becomes concerned but eventually, after encouragement from Jess, Rory returns to Yale and reunites with Lorelai. She replaces Paris as editor of the Yale Daily News, which causes issues in their friendship, and after a short separation from Logan the relationship gets serious. Rory is crushed when Logan's father sends him to work in London. Hep Alien disband then come back together; Lane and Zack get married. Lorelai plans a wedding with Luke, but things get difficult when Luke learns that he has a 12-year-old daughter named April. He starts building a relationship with her but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2327125", "score": "1.1374043", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "her anger issues through calm activities. She ends her relationship suddenly and coldly with Jamie in the middle of her Yale freshman year, after commencing an affair with Professor Asher Fleming (Michael York) shortly after the Harvard-Yale Game. Professor Fleming was a sixty-year-old Yale literature professor and writer who was notorious for having flings and affairs with much younger women and was also a classmate of Rory's grandfather, Richard. Paris also experiences spring break with Rory on an impromptu trip to Florida caused by awful weather conditions and drenching rain in New Haven. The two girls bonded even closer, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173418", "score": "1.133256", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "letters from both law and medical schools, Paris agonizes over the decision of which profession to choose, much less which school. She breaks up with Doyle because she is afraid to make a decision based on a relationship, but he insists that he will follow her, wherever Paris decides to go. Paris decides to attend Harvard Medical School, and then tours India with Doyle over the summer. At graduation, she tells Rory she'll miss her, although Rory again notes no matter what, Paris always finds a way to get back into her life. She then tells her best friend that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173429", "score": "1.126352", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gilmore Girls (season 2)", "text": "York. The incident causes a rift between Lorelai and Luke. Richard feels he is being pushed out at work so resigns. He struggles with retirement and eventually opens his own insurance consultancy business. Lane joins the cheerleaders, attempts a romance with Henry and decides she wants to become a drummer. Paris becomes editor of the school newspaper giving her another reason to order Rory about, but slowly they realise they have become friends. Sookie and Jackson become engaged while Michel has a visit from his mother. In the season finale, Paris and Rory are elected as class president and vice-president,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19001967", "score": "1.1247791", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "younger Gilmore from any advancement in position, assigning her to do a menial report about a parking lot paving project to start her \"Franklin\" career. Eventually, Paris and Rory realize that they work better together than apart, and after a few more underhanded moves to annoy Rory away from her, Paris eventually accepts her as a friend and an unsaid co-editor on \"The Franklin\". Also helping is the departure of Tristan for military school in North Carolina after he gets into trouble and falls in with a bad clique in the school over the summer, which culminates in a failed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173407", "score": "1.1242952", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "Harvard, but her infamous pro/con list came down on the side of Yale, partly because of Paris' rejection from the school, but mostly from the Gilmore family's Yale tradition. Rory would outrank Paris as valedictorian and Brad Langford (Adam Wylie) outranked her as salutatorian for Chilton's Class of 2003. Nanny and the rest of her family would see Paris walk down the aisle to receive her diploma, and though Paris joked that Rory would see bad luck in order to numb the fact she wasn't first in her class, she eventually accepted the fact. Rory walks into her Durfee Hall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173416", "score": "1.1192267", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Paris Geller", "text": "\"The Verge\" concurred, noting, \"Paris is 32 and wildly successful, and her crush, Tristan, was in seven episodes, max.\" Additionally, certain reviewers believe that Paris represents a closeted lesbian, with some chastising the writers for not presenting her as openly gay. Molly McGowan of \"Rogues Portal\" felt that Rory and Paris were \"obviously\" in love at various points of the series. In a retrospective commentary, Brooke Camarda of \"Her Campus\" discussed Paris's determination, along with the layers it creates, stating, \"Ambitious, painstaking, and brilliantly self-assured, Paris is the true MVP of the \"Gilmore Girls\" series.\" Numerous journalists have drawn comparisons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6173436", "score": "1.1057082", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller", "text": "Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller Rory Gilmore and Paris Geller are fictional characters from the dramatic television series \"Gilmore Girls\" and its spin-off series, \"\". Rory is portrayed by Alexis Bledel and Paris is played by Liza Weil. Introduced as academic rivals in high school, the two gradually grow closer as the series progresses. Paris and Rory have received recognition from multiple media outlets, including \"TV Guide\", \"Cosmopolitan\", and Fox News. Many writers have praised the development of their friendship, with others expressing interest in a romantic bond between the characters. While attending Chilton Preparatory High School, the mild-mannered Rory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20528054", "score": "1.101804", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Rory Gilmore", "long_answer": "After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of studying at Harvard. During her freshman year, Rory resides at Durfee Hall and shares a dorm room with Tana, Janet, and fellow Chilton alumna Paris Geller. She moves to Branford College, the same residential college that her grandfather, Richard Gilmore, lived in, at the beginning of her sophomore year. There she shares a dorm room with Paris. At Yale, Rory majors in English and pursues her interest in journalism; she wants to be a foreign correspondent and her role-model is Christiane Amanpour. She writes for the Yale Daily News and is its editor towards the end of her studies.", "chunked_long_answer": "After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of studying at Harvard. During her freshman year, Rory resides at Durfee Hall and shares a dorm room with Tana, Janet, and fellow Chilton alumna Paris Geller. She moves to Branford College, the same residential college that her grandfather, Richard Gilmore, lived in, at the beginning of her sophomore year. There she shares a dorm", "short_answers": [ "Yale University", "Yale University," ] }

[ "Ray Harroun" ]

[ { "title": "List of Indianapolis 500 winners", "text": "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 71 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 101 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 26 of", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Frank Lockhart (racing driver)", "text": "Lap 16. Lockhart took the lead from Dave Lewis shortly after a rain delay on Lap 72. Lewis and Lockhart battled for the lead for the next 20 laps, until Lewis dropped out. Lockhart nearly stretched out a two lap lead before rain ended the race on Lap 160, becoming the fourth rookie to win the Indianapolis 500. Lockhart bought the car. He later bought a second Miller car, and he set track records almost everywhere he went. He won four more AAA championship events in 1926, and finished second in the standings. Lockhart's car was the first car equipped", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7540572", "score": "1.2220508", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Indianapolis 500 by year", "text": "lap in his racing career at Indianapolis, the first driver to do so. 1925: The race is won by Ralph DePalma's nephew, and former riding mechanic, Peter DePaolo. Depaolo was the first to average over on his way to victory. 1926: Twenty-three-year-old racing sensation Frank Lockhart wins the race as a rookie. He is the first winner born in the 20th century. Rain hampered the race, and it was called at the 400-mile mark. 1927: Rookie George Souders wins by eight laps, the largest margin since 1913; consecutive rookie winners occurs for the second time. Many racing pundits view Souders'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6716618", "score": "1.2162086", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Bannister Federal Complex", "text": "Milton, Leon Duray, Tony Gulotta, and Cliff Durant. The race was won by Tommy Milton, who was also the first driver to win the Indianapolis 500 twice. The first race also saw the only fatality at the track when the race claimed the life of 27-year-old Roscoe Sarles who collided with Pete Depaola on the 110th lap. The average speed for the first race was 107 mph, which was significantly faster than Indianapolis 500 races of that time. In fact, the average speed at Indianapolis did not exceed 100 mph until 1925. In 1924, the last race, a 250-mile event,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9135301", "score": "1.2137465", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "1913 Indianapolis 500", "text": "lead the race on four occasions. Bob Evans dueled with Goux, leading laps 125-135, but would be forced out of the race on lap 158 due to a mechanical problem. Goux would dominate the remainder of the race, leading 138 laps en route to a victory of a more than 13 minute margin, making him the first non-American winner of the 500. The car contained a four-cylinder dual overhead camshaft engine, which would serve as a model for many future entries. Urban legends claim that Goux consumed \"six bottles of champagne\" en route to victory. However, that claim is believed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855747", "score": "1.2082546", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Indianapolis Motor Speedway", "text": "course. Buddy Rice became the first American driver since 1998 to win the race in the rain-shortened 2004 Indianapolis 500. At the time, Rice drove for the team co-owned by 1986 Indianapolis 500 winner Bobby Rahal and the Indiana native television talk show host and comedian David Letterman. In 2005, Danica Patrick became the first female driver to lead the race at Indianapolis, after acquiring it for a lap near the 125-mile (200 km) mark while cycling through pit stops. Dan Wheldon would go on to win the 2005 Indianapolis 500. Sam Hornish Jr. became the first driver to ever", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1754731", "score": "1.2069874", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1914 Indianapolis 500", "text": "1914 Indianapolis 500 The 4th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 30, 1914. René Thomas was the race winner, accompanied by riding mechanic Robert Laly. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway opened in 1909, and the first motorsport event at the track, a series of motorcycle races, was held in August of that year. A series of automobile races were held in 1909, but concerns were raised about the condition of the course after numerous accidents, including a fatality. The track was re-paved at a high-cost to Carl G. Fisher and the Indianapolis Motor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855737", "score": "1.2060078", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Charles F. Bretzman", "text": "142 South Illinois Street, where he focused on portrait work and commercial photography. In 1905 Bretzman expanded his studio to larger quarters he had leased on two floors at 22 1/2 North Pennsylvania Street. It was during this time that Bretzman became the first official photographer of the Indianapolis 500-mile automobile race. Bretzman photographed the first Indianapolis 500 race on May 30, 1911, and continued in that role for several years. He also photographed other sporting events held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway during the years leading up to its first 500-mile automobile race. These events included a national balloon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20279665", "score": "1.2043855", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Georges Boillot", "text": "became the first Frenchman to win the Indianapolis 500. The following year, France sent a number of competitors to the Indiana speedway where on May 27, during qualifying, Boillot came tantalizing close to breaking the 100 mile-an-hour (161 km/h) barrier when he set a new speed record of 99.86 mph (160.70 km/h). Much faster than any other driver, Boillot would most likely have won the race with ease had it not been for repeated tire trouble. He ended up finishing 14th while his fellow Frenchmen finished in the top four positions with René Thomas getting the win. In what would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3371926", "score": "1.2013761", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "1930 Indianapolis 500", "text": "grabbed the lead at the start, out-dueling polesitter Billy Arnold on the first lap. Meyer led laps 1 and 2, then Arnold took the lead on lap 3. Arnold would not relinquish the lead the rest of the afternoon. On the grid, Rick Decker's engine failed to crank, and he did not start the race. When the crew finally got his car running, it lasted only 8 laps. Chet Gardner was out on the first lap after he spun and brushed the wall on the north end, damaging his left front wheel. Gardner became the first driver in Indy history", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855521", "score": "1.200832", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Louis Meyer", "text": "He was not related to fellow driver Zeke Meyer. Louis Meyer Louis Meyer (July 21, 1904 – October 7, 1995) was an American Hall of Fame race car driver who was the first three-time winner of the Indianapolis 500. Born in lower Manhattan, New York on July 21, 1904, he was the son of French immigrants, Meyer was raised in Los Angeles, where he began automobile racing at various California tracks. Early in his career, he helped prepare the Miller driven by Frank Elliott in 1926, destroking the engine to bring it within the displacement limit permitted by the rules.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6222473", "score": "1.2004542", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Louis Meyer", "text": "Louis Meyer Louis Meyer (July 21, 1904 – October 7, 1995) was an American Hall of Fame race car driver who was the first three-time winner of the Indianapolis 500. Born in lower Manhattan, New York on July 21, 1904, he was the son of French immigrants, Meyer was raised in Los Angeles, where he began automobile racing at various California tracks. Early in his career, he helped prepare the Miller driven by Frank Elliott in 1926, destroking the engine to bring it within the displacement limit permitted by the rules. Meyer went with the car when it was sold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6222465", "score": "1.187471", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pete DePaolo", "text": "Pete DePaolo Pete DePaolo (April 6, 1898 – November 26, 1980) was the American race car driver who won the 1925 Indianapolis 500. He was born on April 6, 1898 in Roseland, New Jersey. Pete saw his first race in 1919, where he watched his uncle Ralph DePalma win as his riding mechanic. He drove in the 1922 Indianapolis 500 finishing 4th. DePaolo had his worst career injury at the Kansas City board track; his car rolled four times. He ended up spending three weeks in the hospital after losing two teeth and his face was severely cut up. His", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7418707", "score": "1.1862242", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "1919 Indianapolis 500", "text": "a.m., the Purdue Band entertained fans. Pace car driver Jesse G. Vincent, with passenger Eddie Rickenbacker, took the field around for one unscored warm-up lap. At a speed of about 80 mph, the field was released for the start. André Boillot's car initially failed to pull away, but eventually got started, and sprinted to catch up to the rest of the field. The first half of the race belonged to 1915 winner Ralph DePalma. Depalma led the first 65 laps, and raced at a record pace. With an average speed of over 92 mph, DePalma was shattering existing track records.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7838849", "score": "1.1862028", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "1912 Indianapolis 500", "text": "third starting position in the center of the first row, and leads for the first two laps before being overtaken by the grey # 4 Mercedes of Italian-born Ralph DePalma. DePalma's domination of most of the event is total, as he builds an eventual five-and-a-half lap, eleven-minute advantage over second, and leads uncontested for the next 194 laps...before suffering one of the most confounding mechanical failures in motorsport history at the beginning of lap 197, as his Mercedes begins misfiring, and slowing on the main stretch at the conclusion of the lap. Nursed on the 198th lap by DePalma at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6871809", "score": "1.1849368", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Indianapolis 500", "text": "was limited to 33 (where it remains) and a riding mechanic was made mandatory. This second event was won by Joe Dawson in a National, after Ralph de Palma's Mercedes broke. Although the first race was won by an American driver at the wheel of an American car, European makers such as the Italian Fiat or French Peugeot companies soon developed their own vehicles to try to win the event, which they did from 1912 to 1919. The 1913 event saw a change to a maximum engine size. After World War I, the native drivers and manufacturers regained their dominance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1388685", "score": "1.1829636", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Billy Arnold (racing driver)", "text": "Billy Arnold (racing driver) Richard William Arnold (December 16, 1905 in Chicago, Illinois – November 10, 1976 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) won the 1930 Indianapolis 500 after leading all but first two laps of the race, the most ever by a winner of the race. He won by a margin of 7 minutes and 17 seconds. He was 24 years old at the time. In 1931 he led 155 laps but crashed on lap 162 while holding a five-lap lead, suffering serious injuries along with his riding mechanic Spider Matlock. A tire came off the car, bounced over the fence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7921777", "score": "1.1779628", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "1996 Indianapolis 500", "text": "so on the backstraight. It was enough for Lazier, who held off the challenge to win his first Indy 500 and get his first Indy car race win. Six seconds behind, rookie Richie Hearn finished third, having passed Zampedri just before the caution. It was the first Indy car podium finish for all three drivers, who accounted for a total of six top-10 finishes between them before this race: Lazier and Jones had never finished higher than seventh. As the leaders crossed the finish line, a serious crash occurred further back in the field. Fifth-placed Roberto Guerrero, who had lost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7853002", "score": "1.1748796", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Louis Schneider", "text": "laps to win the race, setting an all-time record.) The following year, 1931, Lou Schneider reached the crowning achievement in his racing career when he won the 19th running of the Indianapolis 500, and also won the AAA driving championship that year. He is one of only two drivers to win the Indianapolis 500 who were born in Indianapolis (the other was Bill Cummings). His last race at Indianapolis was in 1933, but he continued to compete in dirt track and midget racing. In 1934, he accompanied Clay Ballinger of Indianapolis, and Buddy Rusch and James Triplett of Chicago, on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7921782", "score": "1.1741538", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "1924 Indianapolis 500", "text": "1924 Indianapolis 500 The 12th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1924. Lora Lawrence Corum started the race in the #15 entry, and was relieved during the race by Joe Boyer. Boyer proceeded to drive the car to victory, and both drivers were credited as \"co-winners\" for the 1924 race. Boyer led the first lap of the race in his original #9 entry. After Boyer got out of the car and took over the #15, the #9 entry continued in the race, taken over by Ernie Ansterburg, Corum, and later Thane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855621", "score": "1.1733919", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dario Resta", "text": "Indianapolis 500, he finished second to Ralph DePalma when his car skidded and he had to make a pit-stop for tyres. Resta then drove his blue Peugeot to victory in the inaugural race on the board track at the Chicago Speedway on 26 June 1915. The race received eighteen pages of coverage in the 1 July 1915, issue of \"Motor Age\" magazine. The following year, in 1916, en route to winning the United States National Driving Championship, Resta repeated as the winner of the Vanderbilt Cup plus he won the 1916 Indianapolis 500, the Chicago 300, the Minneapolis 150 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5348825", "score": "1.1713789", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Floyd Davis", "text": "Floyd Davis Floyd Eldon Davis (March 5, 1909, in Oakford, Illinois – May 31, 1977, in Indianapolis, Indiana) was the co-winner of the 1941 Indianapolis 500. Floyd Davis drove the first 72 laps of the 1941 race before being replaced by Mauri Rose, who completed the race in the lead. He is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis (Section 53 Lot 320). In the 1941 Indianapolis 500, Floyd Davis had been driving the Noc-Out Hose Clamp car for sixty laps, moving from 17th to 12th place when teammate Mauri Rose, the pole sitter, began experiencing problems with his car,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7921791", "score": "1.1695863", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "1936 Indianapolis 500", "text": "1936 Indianapolis 500 The 24th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 30, 1936. The race was part of the 1936 AAA Championship Car season. The race is remembered for three noteworthy Indy traditions getting their start. Louis Meyer became the first three-time winner of the Indianapolis 500. He notably celebrated in victory lane with a bottle of buttermilk, which later started the famous tradition of serving milk in victory lane at Indianapolis. Lawson Harris served as Meyer's riding mechanic. Harris, who also rode with Meyer in 1933, became the first two-time Indianapolis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855429", "score": "1.1683447", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Carl G. Fisher", "text": "A. Allison (partner in Prest-O-Lite) invested in what became Indianapolis Motor Speedway, which is now surrounded by the city of Indianapolis. The first automobile race in August 1909 ended in disaster. The loose rock track led to numerous crashes, fires, terrible injuries to race car drivers and spectators, and deaths. The race was halted and canceled when only halfway completed Undeterred, Fisher convinced the investors to install 3.2 million paving bricks, leading to the famous nickname \"the brickyard\". (This persists, even though it has since been resurfaced.) The Speedway reopened and, on Memorial Day, May 30, 1911, 80,000 paying spectators", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4697015", "score": "1.1676265", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "1913 Indianapolis 500", "text": "1913 Indianapolis 500 The Third International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1913. After the entries in the first two years of the Indianapolis 500 had been almost exclusively American, 1913 saw six drivers travel to the United States from Europe to enter, likely attracted by the $20,000 first prize. 27 cars would meet the 75 mile per hour qualifying speed, led by Jack Tower at 88.230 mph. The starting grid was determined by a random draw of names, and Caleb Bragg would be given the pole. Tower's car turned over on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855745", "score": "1.1657615", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Pete DePaolo", "text": "care center, and returned in the car after missing 21 laps. He had dropped to fifth. He raced his way to the win on his way to the series drivers championship. The race was the first Indianapolis 500 to average over 100 miles per hour (101.270 mph). Pete did not consider this to be his greatest win (since he was replaced for 21 laps). Pete becomes the first driver to average more than 100 mph at the Indianapolis 500, recording 101.13 in his Duesenberg, 1925. He began his only team in 1927. He finished second in the 1927 Indianapolis 500,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7418709", "score": "1.1627197", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1913 Indianapolis 500", "text": "the southwest turn on lap 51, causing him to sustain a broken leg and his riding mechanic, Lee Dunning, to break three ribs. Bob Burman started the race as the favorite, and led 41 laps early, before his car caught fire on lap 55. Burman was able to repair his car and continue, however continuing problems led to several more stops and a replacement driver, who brought the car home in eleventh (unfortunately only the top ten finishers received prize money). French-born Jules Goux, driving a car owned and manufactured by Peugeot (where his father was the factory Supervisor) would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855746", "score": "1.159589", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "1913 Indianapolis 500", "text": "would unfortunately be killed while helping test a car on the speedway less than two months later. 1913 Indianapolis 500 The Third International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1913. After the entries in the first two years of the Indianapolis 500 had been almost exclusively American, 1913 saw six drivers travel to the United States from Europe to enter, likely attracted by the $20,000 first prize. 27 cars would meet the 75 mile per hour qualifying speed, led by Jack Tower at 88.230 mph. The starting grid was determined by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855750", "score": "1.1575412", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "1938 Indianapolis 500", "text": "1938 Indianapolis 500 The 26th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 30, 1938. The race was won by the number 23 car driven by Floyd Roberts. Roberts' car started in the pole position, and was the first car to win from that start since 1930. Roberts led 92 laps, posted an average speed of 117.200 miles per hours, and won $32,075. Roberts' car was owned by Lou Moore, who was also the chief mechanic. The race was marred by the death of 33-year-old spectator Everett Spence. On lap 45 the number 42", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855419", "score": "1.1553144", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "1920 Indianapolis 500", "text": "1920 Indianapolis 500 The 8th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 31, 1920. Ralph DePalma held a two lap lead when the car stalled on lap 187. His riding mechanic Pete DePaolo ran to the pits to get a can of gasoline, thinking they were out of fuel. DePalma was able to get the car rolling again, and the two rejoined the race. However, during the delay, the lead went to Gaston Chevrolet. Chevrolet himself ran out of fuel on lap 197, but he was able to coast to the pits and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7855639", "score": "1.150794", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "List of Indianapolis 500 winners", "long_answer": "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 71 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 101 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 26 of the winners coming from outside of the United States, representing nine separate countries. The most recent champion of the Indianapolis 500 is Takuma Sato, winner of the 2017 race.", "chunked_long_answer": "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 71 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 101 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 26 of", "short_answers": [ "Ray Harroun" ] }

[ "1898" ]

[ { "title": "United States territorial acquisitions", "text": "Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the United States, so it became a protectorate. All four of these areas were under United States Military Government (USMG) for extended periods. Cuba became an independent nation in 1902, and the Philippines became an independent nation in 1946.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "José Maldonado Román", "text": "occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Many Puerto Ricans, among them Maldonado, believed that Puerto Rico would gain its independence however, almost immediately, the United States began the \"Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles to the colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an \"unincorporated territory\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution did not automatically apply because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S. In 1899, the New York Times published a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14775593", "score": "1.1486872", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Decolonization", "text": "1917, Puerto Ricans became full U.S. citizens. The US government declared Puerto Rico the territory was no longer a colony and stopped transmitting information about it to the United Nations Decolonization Committee. As a result, the UN General Assembly removed Puerto Rico from the U.N. list of non-self-governing territories. Four referenda showed little support for independence, but much interest in statehood such as Hawaii and Alaska received in 1959. The Monroe Doctrine was expanded by the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904, providing that the United States had a right and obligation to intervene \"in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2041015", "score": "1.1264865", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico", "text": "speak at the UN. The U.S. position has not been that Puerto Rico is not a territory; rather, the U.S. position of record, based on General Assembly Resolution 748, is that the Decolonization Committee lacks jurisdiction, that the matter is one for the United States and Puerto Rico to resolve, and that Puerto Rico has not sought a new status.\" In 1972, the UN set a precedent when, after approving Puerto Rico's association with the United States in 1953 as sufficient evidence to remove PR from the list of Colonized Countries, the United Nations reopened the matter in 1972 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15356173", "score": "1.1210723", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Manuel Olivieri Sanchez", "text": "The United States established a military government, which acted as both head of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Almost immediately, the United States began the \"Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles in their colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an \"unincorporated territory,\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution — including the right of citizenship — did not automatically apply, because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12939982", "score": "1.1196927", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico", "text": "its choice. Some claim that granting of U.S. citizenship on Puerto Ricans on March 2, 1917 was devised by the United States in order to further reiterate its hold of Puerto Rico as a possession while others claim that it was a serious attempt to pave the way for statehood. Former chief of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court José Trías Monge insists that statehood was never intended for the island and that, unlike Alaska and Hawaii, which Congress deemed incorporated territories and slated for annexation to the Union from the start, Puerto Rico was kept \"unincorporated\" specifically to avoid offering", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15356189", "score": "1.1046224", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Politics of Puerto Rico", "text": "as territory of the United States. The nature of Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States is the subject of ongoing debate in Puerto Rico, in the United States, the United Nations and the International Community. One year after the United States invasion of the island, Dr. José Celso Barbosa embraced the idea of annexation as a U.S. state as a solution to the colonial situation and founded the Republican Party in 1899. Dr. Barbosa had been the leader in the Autonomist Party that favored a republican government for Spain. For much of the 19th Century, the principal parties", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "316212", "score": "1.1029503", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Puerto Rico Democracy Act", "text": "Puerto Rico is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands. It was ceded to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris during the Spanish–American War. In 1952, the U.S. Congress ratified the Constitution of Puerto Rico, proclaiming Puerto Rico as an insular commonwealth. However, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, \"to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13025636", "score": "1.101261", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico", "text": "prior to the U.S. invasion, Puerto Rico enjoyed greater freedom and rights in certain areas: Yet those who claim Puerto Rico is not a colony will say that in its 8th session, the United Nations General Assembly recognized Puerto Rico's self-government on November 27, 1953, with Resolution 748. This side points out that such recognition removed Puerto Rico's classification as a non-self-governing territory (under article 73(e) of the Charter of the United Nations). They add that the Resolution has not been revoked even though Puerto Rico's political status is still debated in many international forums. Those who claim Puerto Rico", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15356184", "score": "1.1007334", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Isabel González", "text": "was classified as an \"unincorporated territory\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution — including the right of citizenship — did not automatically apply, because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S. On January 15, 1899, the military government changed the name of Puerto Rico to Porto Rico (On May 17, 1932, the U.S. Congress changed the name back to \"Puerto Rico\") and the island's currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the American dollar, integrating the island's currency into the U.S. monetary system. The United States exerted its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12415280", "score": "1.0986991", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Puerto Rico", "text": "of a state. That is because \"the Government of a territory owes its existence wholly to the United States\". Congress's plenary authority over federal territories includes the authority to permit self-government, whereby local officials administer a territory's internal affairs. On June 9, 2016, in Commonwealth of Puerto Rico vs Sanchez Valle, a 6–2 majority of the Supreme Court of the United States determined that Puerto Rico is a territory and lacks Sovereignty. On June 30, 2016, the President of the United States of America signed a new law approved by U.S. Congress, H.R. 5278: PROMESA, establishing a Control Board over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "311500", "score": "1.0945486", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Antonio Rafael Barceló", "text": "Justice of the United States, William Howard Taft made the following statement in regard to the :\"Balzac v. Porto Rico\" case: \"\"Puerto Rico belongs to the United States, but is not part of the United States. Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory and even though Puerto Ricans have American citizenship, they do not have the same rights as the common American citizen\"\". Both Barceló and Jose Tous Soto, the president of the pro-statehood Republican Party of Puerto Rico, understood by Taft's statement that neither independence nor statehood would be considered for the time being. In 1924, they formed an \"Alliance\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3500267", "score": "1.0936832", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Insular Cases", "text": "keep their Spanish citizenship, as well as their right to become U.S. citizens.” After Title IX of the Treaty of Paris came the Foraker Act of 1900, which established American rule in Puerto Rico for all of the Twentieth Century. The Act allowed the United States to appoint the governor, a portion of the Legislature, and the entirety of the Supreme Court. These two documents precede the Insular Cases and set a precedent on the status of the United States’ new territories prior to the Supreme Court's rulings. In addition to the Treaty of Paris and the Foraker Act, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2853499", "score": "1.0916269", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Puerto Rico", "text": "United States Congress would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. Since 1953, the UN has been considering the political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving \"independence\" or \"decolonization\". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a \"colonial relationship\" existed between the U.S. and Puerto Rico. The UN's Special Committee on Decolonization has often referred to Puerto Rico as a \"nation\" in its reports, because, internationally, the people of Puerto Rico are often considered to be a Caribbean nation with their own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "311487", "score": "1.0886527", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Constitution of Puerto Rico", "text": "with the legal status of Puerto Rico under the Federal Government of the United States. Certain decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States appeared to have interpreted the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution as still controlling over Puerto Rico. Under this clause, the United States Congress is the recognized sovereign of the island. In 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court clarified that the purpose of Congress in the 1950 and 1952 legislation was to accord to Puerto Rico the degree of autonomy and independence normally associated with a State of the Union. However, on June 9, 2016,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2140964", "score": "1.08478", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Military history of Puerto Rico", "text": "Nicaragua or Panama and that the United States annex the Dominican Republic and purchase Puerto Rico and Cuba. The idea of annexing the Dominican Republic failed to receive the approval of the U.S. Senate and Spain did not accept the 160 million dollars which the U.S. offered for Puerto Rico and Cuba. Captain Mahan made the following statement to the War Department: Since 1894, the Naval War College had been formulating plans for war with Spain. By 1896, the Office of Naval Intelligence had prepared a plan which including military operations in Puerto Rican waters. Not only was Puerto Rico", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4962914", "score": "1.084697", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)", "text": "Puerto Rico to hold a constitutional convention and in 1952, the people of Puerto Rico ratified a constitution establishing a republican form of government for the island. Puerto Rico's political relationship with the U.S. has been a continuing source of debate in Puerto Rico, the United States Congress, and the United Nations. The issue revolves around whether Puerto Rico should remain a U.S. territory, become a U.S. state, or become an independent country. The debate has spawned several referenda, presidential executive orders and bills in the U.S. Congress. Ultimately the U.S. Congress is the only body empowered to decide the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2875853", "score": "1.0841316", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "United States territorial acquisitions", "text": "Territorial Governors were appointed by the Secretary of the Interior. Immigration of Americans was never as strong as it was, for instance, in Hawaii; indigenous Samoans make up 89% of the population. The islands have been reluctant to separate from the U.S. in any manner. The Annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty during the later Reconstruction Era, initiated by United States President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869, to annex \"Santo Domingo\" (as the Dominican Republic was then commonly known) as a United States territory, with the promise of eventual statehood. President Grant feared some European power would take", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2255162", "score": "1.0838894", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Puerto Rico", "text": "hold another referendum, this next one being the first Puerto Rican status referendum to be financed by the U.S. Federal government. In December 2015, the U.S. Government submitted a brief as Amicus Curiae to the U.S. Supreme Court related to the case Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle. The U.S. Government official position is that the U.S. Constitution does not contemplate \"sovereign territories\". That the Court has consistently recognized that \"there is no sovereignty in a Territory of the United States but that of the United States itself\". and a U.S. territory has \"no independent sovereignty comparable to that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "311499", "score": "1.0826544", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)", "text": "political status of Puerto Rico, as stated under the Territorial Clause. Despite the Spanish translation of the term \"commonwealth\", Puerto Rico's relationship with United States is not a Compact of Free Association (which is the case for the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands). As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is part of the United States as a territory. The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico says that in 1952 there was a pact between Puerto Rico and the United States that gave", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2875854", "score": "1.0793989", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "United States politics and the political status of Puerto Rico", "text": "should be ascertained by means of a general right of referendum or specific referenda sponsored by the United States government. Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, but the island's ultimate status still has not been determined and its 3.9 million residents still do not have voting representation in their national government. These disenfranchised citizens – who have contributed greatly to our country in war and peace – are entitled to the permanent and fully democratic status of their choice. Democrats will continue to work in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17361571", "score": "1.0793263", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Puerto Rico", "text": "to the U.S. The United States and Puerto Rico began a long-standing metropolis-colony relationship. In the early 20th century, Puerto Rico was ruled by the military, with officials including the governor appointed by the President of the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900 gave Puerto Rico a certain amount of civilian popular government, including a popularly elected House of Representatives. The upper house and governor were appointed by the United States. Its judicial system was constructed to follow the American legal system; a Puerto Rico Supreme Court and a United State District Court for the territory were established. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "311462", "score": "1.0777075", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)", "text": "access to any other country. Their citizens are allowed to work in the U.S. and serve in its military. Of course, the agreement with Puerto Rico as an FAS may be entirely different than it is with the current three because of the closer relationship it has had with the U.S. Since 1953, the UN has been considering the Political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving \"independence\" or \"decolonization\". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a \"colonial relationship\" existed between the US and Puerto Rico. Note that the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16918889", "score": "1.0767747", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Manuel Olivieri Sanchez", "text": "of the United States had, even though the island was governed by that nation. Olivieri Sánchez’s family financial situation worsened and in 1901, he moved to Hawaii with his mother. He became fluent in both English and Spanish and worked as a court interpreter. At the time both Puerto Rico and Hawaii were territories of the United States however, the passage of the Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917, same year that the U.S. entered World War I, granted U.S. citizenship to the Puerto Rican residents in Puerto Rico and excluded those who resided in Hawaii. Even though Puerto Ricans in Hawaii", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12939987", "score": "1.07542", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)", "text": "Puerto Rico an autonomous government and removed it from the list of colonies. The territory was organized by the Foraker Act in 1900, which was amended by the Jones–Shafroth Act in 1917. The drafting of the Constitution of Puerto Rico by its residents was authorized by Congress in 1951, and the result approved in 1952. The government of Puerto Rico has held several referenda with the options of U.S. statehood, independence, and commonwealth; the commonwealth option won on multiple plebiscite's held in 1967, 1993, and 1998. In 2012, 54% of the voters did not wish to continue the present territorial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2875855", "score": "1.0753984", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Dependent territory", "text": "differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, \"to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States.\". Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998) the narrow majority voted for \"none of the above\", which was a formally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1695108", "score": "1.0752666", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Territories of the United States", "text": "express the purpose to incorporate acquired territory into the United States, especially in the absence of other provisions showing an intention to the contrary.\" Part of the act of incorporation is on the people of the territory, not on the territory per se, by extending the privileges and immunities clause of the constitution to them, such as when it was extended to Puerto Rico in 1947 (despite this, Puerto Rico remains officially unincorporated). The 2016 Supreme Court case \"Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle\" ruled that territories don't have their own sovereignty. In 2016, the Supreme Court declined to rule on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2762570", "score": "1.072315", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Manifest destiny", "text": "already existing states. These islands, however, were acquired as colonies rather than prospective states. The process was validated by the Insular Cases. The Supreme Court ruled that full constitutional rights did not automatically extend to all areas under American control. Nevertheless, in 1917, Puerto Ricans were all made full American citizens via the Jones Act. This also provided for a popularly elected legislature and a bill of rights, and authorized the election of a Resident Commissioner who has a voice (but no vote) in Congress. According to Frederick Merk, these colonial acquisitions marked a break from the original intention of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "910160", "score": "1.0715911", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Puerto Rico", "text": "and Cuba. Since 1894, the United States Naval War College had been developing contingency plans for a war with Spain. By 1896, the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence had prepared a plan that included military operations in Puerto Rican waters. Except for one 1895 plan, which recommended annexation of the island then named \"Isle of Pines\" (later renamed as Isla de la Juventud), a recommendation dropped in later planning, plans developed for attacks on Spanish territories were intended as support operations against Spain's forces in and around Cuba. Recent research suggests that the U.S. did consider Puerto Rico valuable as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "311460", "score": "1.0714504", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Puerto Rican Campaign", "text": "17, 1932, U.S. Congress changed the name back to \"Puerto Rico\") and the island's currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the American dollar, integrating the island's currency into the U.S. monetary system. The United States exerted its control over the economy of the island by prohibiting Puerto Rico from negotiating commercial treaties with other nations, from determining tariffs, and from shipping goods to the mainland on other than U.S. carriers. A state of civil disorder existed in the island's mountainous region after the invasion of the United States. The local Criollo, who now found themselves unemployed and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4164407", "score": "1.0711796", "original_retrieval_index": 50 } ]

{ "title": "United States territorial acquisitions", "long_answer": "Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the United States, so it became a protectorate. All four of these areas were under United States Military Government (USMG) for extended periods. Cuba became an independent nation in 1902, and the Philippines became an independent nation in 1946.", "chunked_long_answer": "Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the United States, so it became a protectorate. All four of these areas were under United States Military Government (USMG) for extended periods. Cuba became an independent nation in 1902, and the Philippines became an independent nation in 1946.", "short_answers": [ "1898" ] }

[ "\"Nelson's Sparrow\"", "Nelson's Sparrow" ]

[ { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "In the season ten episode \"Nelson's Sparrow\", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "Jason Gideon Jason Gideon was a fictional character in the CBS crime drama \"Criminal Minds\", portrayed by Mandy Patinkin. Gideon was a Senior Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit, and has appeared from the series' pilot episode \"Extreme Aggressor,\" which was originally broadcast on September 22, 2005. He is also portrayed as a younger man by Ben Savage, in flashbacks. Mandy Patinkin abruptly left the show in 2007, just as his character abruptly quit from the BAU, due to emotional distress. In 2012, Patinkin opened up about why he left stating that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520175", "score": "1.0393703", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Mandy Patinkin", "text": "Patinkin debuted in the role of Jason Gideon, an experienced profiler just coming back to work after a series of nervous breakdowns, in the CBS crime drama TV show \"Criminal Minds.\" Patinkin was absent from a table read for \"Criminal Minds\" and did not return for a third season. The departure from the show was not due to contractual or salary matters, but over creative differences. He left apologetic letters for his fellow cast members explaining his reasons and wishing them luck. Many weeks before his departure, in a videotaped interview carried in the online magazine \"Monaco Revue\", Patinkin told", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "272696", "score": "1.0221343", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage. Jason Gideon Jason Gideon was a fictional character in the CBS crime drama \"Criminal Minds\", portrayed by Mandy Patinkin. Gideon was a Senior Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit, and has appeared from the series' pilot episode \"Extreme Aggressor,\" which was originally broadcast on September 22, 2005. He is also portrayed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520195", "score": "1.0034566", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "series premiered in September 2005, it featured FBI agents Jason Gideon, Aaron Hotchner, Elle Greenaway, Derek Morgan, Spencer Reid, Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau, and Penelope Garcia. For season 1, Garcia was not a main cast member but rather had a recurring role, although she appeared in most episodes. In 2006, at the start of season 2, Lola Glaudini announced her departure from the show, as she wanted to return home to New York City. Paget Brewster replaced her in the role of Emily Prentiss. At the start of season 3, Mandy Patinkin announced his departure from the show because he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532327", "score": "0.99578774", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "him to \"think outside the box.\" Prior to the series, he was said to have had a \"nervous breakdown\" (or \"major depressive episode\") after he sent six agents into a warehouse with a bomb in it; all six agents and a hostage were killed, and he was heavily criticized about the event. He showed particular dislike for the practice of using religion as a defense or motivation for one's crimes. Gideon participated in some field operations during his time with the BAU and had the rest of his team \"think outside the box\" as well, as he made a major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520179", "score": "0.9497604", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "100 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "a section of the episode. In an early draft of the script for this episode, Hotchner was written to kill George Foyet with his own knife. However, Edward Allen Bernero and Thomas Gibson believed the scene would be more powerful if Hotch used his bare hands. Speaking about the 100th episode, showrunner Edward Allen Bernero said he wanted to revisit a question that was raised in the pilot of \"Criminal Minds\" \"There's a question raised in the pilot episode of whether you can spend your time hunting monsters and not become a monster. We wanted to revisit that question 100", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20907916", "score": "0.9468462", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "were killed, and he was heavily criticized about the event. He took a six-month medical leave because he was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Upon his return from medical leave, he was given the Senior Agent position, as Hotch was confirmed as Unit Chief. Not much is known about his personal life, other than he has a son named Stephen, with whom he was estranged because of his commitment to his job. Through the first two seasons, Gideon was portrayed to be very good at chess, winning against Agent Spencer Reid many times (only exception being Reid's birthday) and encouraging", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520178", "score": "0.94168484", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 4)", "text": "who breaks into Aaron Hotchner's apartment and seemingly shoots him. Hotch's fate is left unknown until the premiere of the following season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 4) The fourth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2008, and ended May 20, 2009. In the season premiere \"Mayhem\", Sienna Guillory and Erik Palladino reprise as SSA Kate Joyner and Detective Cooper, respectively. Adoni Maropis guest-starred as Ben Abner, a member of the NYC Terrorist Cell who disguises as a paramedic, and Michael Steger guest-starred as Sam, another member of the cell. In the episode \"The Angel Maker\", Lauren", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383447", "score": "0.9351635", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "announced her departure from the show after the seventh season. She was replaced in the eighth season by Jeanne Tripplehorn, who played Alex Blake, a linguistics expert. Later in season nine, Paget Brewster made a special guest appearance, reprising her role as Emily Prentiss in the 200th episode. After two seasons, Tripplehorn was released from the show. Former \"Ghost Whisperer\" star Jennifer Love Hewitt joined the cast as Kate Callahan, a former undercover FBI agent who joins the BAU. During season 10, Jason Gideon was killed off-screen. Executive producer and showrunner Erica Messer said CBS and ABC Studios were fine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532330", "score": "0.9286761", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Gideon's Way", "text": "him for a while years ago when he put the job first and her second. They live in an expensive detached house in Tufnell Park. There was extensive location shooting in mid-'60s London, with fast-paced action and strong story lines, which made the series very popular in its day. The show was broadcast in the United States under the title \"Gideon CID\". There were different starting titles for the American series, showing incidents of violent crime while the British titles just introduced the main characters. The theme music was composed by Edwin Astley. In scoring the incidental music, Astley re-used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5731120", "score": "0.928277", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 1)", "text": "make sure her son never finds out the truth of his parentage. Michael Massee guest-starred as Jacob Dawes, a serial killer who murdered several teenage girls. In the episode \"Unfinished Business\", Aaron Lustig guest-starred as Walter Kern, aka \"The Keystone Killer\", and Geoff Pierson guest-starred as Max Ryan, a retired FBI Agent who is determined to find the killer. In the episode \"The Tribe\", Chad Allen guest-starred as Jackson Cally, a cult leader who tortures and murders college students. In the episode \"A Real Rain\", Ethan Phillips guest-starred as schizophrenic vigilante killer Marvin Doyle. David Aaron Baker played Will Sykes,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383411", "score": "0.9247404", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Freddy Lounds", "text": "begins murdering the psychiatrists who attempted to treat him. Gideon lures Lounds into a trap by pretending to be one of those psychiatrists who wishes to be interviewed by her. Gideon instead shows Lounds the psychiatrist's dead body, and forces her to write an article about him. He also makes her assist as he surgically removes organs from still-conscious hospital psychiatrist Dr. Frederick Chilton (Raúl Esparza), with the intention of leaving a \"gift basket\" for the Ripper. When the FBI arrives at the scene, Gideon has fled, and Lounds must keep Chilton alive with a respirator. In season 2, Lounds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17551326", "score": "0.9164485", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "in Jane, who refuses to go with Frank. Gideon shows up and tells Frank about Sarah, Frank's mother, whom Gideon claims was a whore. As Gideon and Hotch describe Frank's mother, JJ and Reid locate Tracy, who is bound and gagged but alive and unharmed. Frank convinces Jane to come back to him, and the two commit suicide. Later, Tracy calls Gideon and thanks him for saving her once again. Gideon began to lose confidence in his profiling skills after Frank Breitkopf murdered his girlfriend, Sarah Jacobs. During his final case in Arizona (\"Doubt,\" season 3), he further lost faith", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520192", "score": "0.91427875", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "in his abilities when his decision to release the unsub resulted in the deaths of both the unsub and a young woman. As a result of his actions, Aaron Hotchner was suspended, which was the final straw for Gideon. At the end of the following episode, \"In Name and Blood,\" Reid visited Gideon's cabin but found only his gun and badge, along with a letter meant for Reid in which Gideon explained his desire to regain his belief in happy endings. Gideon was last seen entering a Nevada diner; asked by a waitress where he was going, he replied that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520193", "score": "0.9104148", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Freddy Lounds", "text": "he is one himself. Jack Crawford (Laurence Fishburne) and Dr. Alana Bloom (Caroline Dhavernas) make a deal with Lounds to write a story about Dr. Abel Gideon (Eddie Izzard), a patient at the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane who has murdered a nurse. The murder was committed in a manner reminiscent of a serial killer called the Chesapeake Ripper, who hasn't been active in two years, the same number of years Gideon has been incarcerated. Hoping to provoke the real Ripper into making himself visible, Bloom and Crawford have Lounds write that Gideon is believed to be the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17551324", "score": "0.9098992", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 9)", "text": "much tougher character. \"I've never had a chance to flex my acting muscles like this on the show!\", said A. J. Cook. The season also featured the return of Paget Brewster and Jayne Atkinson for the 200th episode, which aired on February 5, 2014. On May 14, 2014, it was revealed at the end of the season finale that Alex Blake (Jeanne Tripplehorn) would be leaving the show. The entire main cast returned for the ninth season; however, Esai Morales replaced Jayne Atkinson as the new Section Chief for the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 9)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17421743", "score": "0.90855277", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 5)", "text": "and murdered her husband, attempted suicide twice. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 5) The fifth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 23, 2009 and ended May 26, 2010. Episode 18 was a pilot episode for the spin-off series \"\". In the season premiere \"Nameless, Faceless\", D. B. Sweeney guest-starred as Sam Kassmeyer, a U.S. Marshal who is assigned to protect Aaron Hotchner's family until George Foyet is caught. Christopher Cousins guest-starred as Dr. Tom Barton, a trauma surgeon whose son is targeted by the father of a teenage boy Barton tried to save. In the episode \"Haunted\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383460", "score": "0.9029635", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 2)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 2) The second season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 20, 2006 and ended on May 16, 2007. Lola Glaudini left the show after six episodes and was replaced by Paget Brewster three episodes after while Kirsten Vangsness was promoted to series regular. In the season premiere \"The Fisher King (Part II)\", Jeff Marchelletta guest-starred as Elle Greenaway's deceased father, Robert, in a dream sequence while Elle is in surgery. In the episode \"P911\", Mary Page Keller guest-starred as Supervisory Special Agent Katherine Cole, a former BAU Agent who is now the Unit Chief of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383417", "score": "0.9020722", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "200 (Criminal Minds) \"200\" is the fourteenth episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural crime drama television series \"Criminal Minds\", and is the 200th episode overall, which aired on CBS on February 5, 2014. The episode was written by Rick Dunkle and directed by Larry Teng. At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 12.92 million viewers and received mixed reviews but television critics praised A.J. Cook's performance. After being abducted at the end of the previous episode, JJ (A.J. Cook) finds herself being held against her will with a bag over her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908789", "score": "0.89908475", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "100 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "100 (Criminal Minds) \"100\" is the ninth episode of the fifth season of the American police procedural crime drama television series \"Criminal Minds\", and is the 100th episode overall, which aired on CBS on November 25, 2009. The episode was written by Bo Crese and directed by Edward Allen Bernero. This episode marks the final appearance of Meredith Monroe as Haley Hotchner, although Monroe reprised her role for one more time in the Season 9 episode \"Route 66\". At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 13.61 million viewers and received positive reviews with the television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20907908", "score": "0.89740837", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Frederick Chilton", "text": "being absent. In both \"The Silence of the Lambs\" and \"Red Dragon\", he is played by Anthony Heald. In the TV series \"Hannibal\", a loose adaptation of the novels, Chilton is portrayed by Raúl Esparza. In this continuity, Chilton was originally a \"dangerously incompetent\" surgeon who switched his specialty to psychiatry after accidentally killing a patient. He first appears in the episode \"Entrée\", in which his patient Dr. Abel Gideon (Eddie Izzard) kills a nurse after Chilton unwittingly influences him into believing that he is the serial killer known as the Chesapeake Ripper. Gideon eventually learns the truth and suffers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6023794", "score": "0.8964851", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "Criminal Minds Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created and produced by Jeff Davis. It premiered on September 22, 2005 and has run for fourteen seasons on CBS. It tells the story of a group of behavioral profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). The team focuses on profiling criminals, called the \"unsub\" or \"unknown subject\", as well as victimology, in investigation of crimes. The show follows the team as they work various cases and tackle their personal struggles. The show has an ensemble cast, with Jason Gideon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532324", "score": "0.8919738", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 5)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 5) The fifth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 23, 2009 and ended May 26, 2010. Episode 18 was a pilot episode for the spin-off series \"\". In the season premiere \"Nameless, Faceless\", D. B. Sweeney guest-starred as Sam Kassmeyer, a U.S. Marshal who is assigned to protect Aaron Hotchner's family until George Foyet is caught. Christopher Cousins guest-starred as Dr. Tom Barton, a trauma surgeon whose son is targeted by the father of a teenage boy Barton tried to save. In the episode \"Haunted\", Sean Patrick Flanery guest-starred as Darren Call, a spree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383451", "score": "0.89113563", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 3)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 3) The third season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 26, 2007 and ended May 21, 2008. The third season was originally to have featured 25 episodes; however, only 13 were completed due to the Writers Guild of America strike (2007–08). Seven more episodes were produced after the strike, bringing the total number of episodes to 20 for the third season. Mandy Patinkin wanted to leave the series, since he loathed the violent nature of it. He was replaced by Joe Mantegna several episodes later. In the season premiere \"Doubt\", Shelly Cole guest-starred as Anna", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383433", "score": "0.8900371", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 4)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 4) The fourth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2008, and ended May 20, 2009. In the season premiere \"Mayhem\", Sienna Guillory and Erik Palladino reprise as SSA Kate Joyner and Detective Cooper, respectively. Adoni Maropis guest-starred as Ben Abner, a member of the NYC Terrorist Cell who disguises as a paramedic, and Michael Steger guest-starred as Sam, another member of the cell. In the episode \"The Angel Maker\", Lauren Bowles guest-starred as Chloe Kelcher, the copycat killer and love interest of Courtland Bryce Ryan, aka \"The Angel Maker\", played by Neil Hopkins.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383439", "score": "0.88929754", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 9)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 9) The ninth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS and CTV, on September 25, 2013. The series was officially renewed for a ninth season on May 9, 2013. The season consists of 24 episodes with the 200th episode being episode 14 of the season, and the finale on 14 May. This new season is said to reveal more on the past of Agent Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau. \"We're going to use the serendipitous gift of Season 6 to explain with flashbacks what happened when she was working for the Pentagon and why she came back as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17421742", "score": "0.8889728", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 7)", "text": "a job as Chief of the Interpol office in London, which she accepts, causing her departure from the BAU. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 7) The seventh season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 21, 2011. Both A. J. Cook and Paget Brewster were rehired by CBS to reprise their roles as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss. On February 15, 2012, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Paget Brewster (Emily Prentiss) would leave the series, definitively, once season seven was over. All the other main actors on the show secured deals to return for the eighth season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15736111", "score": "0.8867148", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 13)", "text": "that Daniel Henney (Matt Simmons) would join the cast this season as a series regular. \"Criminal Minds\" was renewed for a thirteenth season with an episode order of 22 episodes on April 7, 2017. The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show. Matthew Gray Gubler directed the seventeenth episode of the season and it was said to be \"the spookiest episode of Season 13\" and involved clowns. On August 10, 2017, it was revealed that Aisha Tyler will make her television directing debut and direct", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20214938", "score": "0.88415", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 7)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 7) The seventh season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 21, 2011. Both A. J. Cook and Paget Brewster were rehired by CBS to reprise their roles as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss. On February 15, 2012, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Paget Brewster (Emily Prentiss) would leave the series, definitively, once season seven was over. All the other main actors on the show secured deals to return for the eighth season. The two-hour season finale, which took place on May 16, 2012, reveals Prentiss making the decision to leave the BAU.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15736103", "score": "0.8835793", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Jason Gideon", "long_answer": "In the season ten episode \"Nelson's Sparrow\", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage.", "chunked_long_answer": "In the season ten episode \"Nelson's Sparrow\", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage.", "short_answers": [ "\"Nelson's Sparrow\"", "Nelson's Sparrow" ] }

[ "warmth", "a little warmth" ]

[ { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "text": "The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that \"If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die,\" and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, \"What", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "text": "Ghost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Present or The Spirit of Christmas Present is a fictional character in the work \"A Christmas Carol\" by novelist Charles Dickens. The Spirit closely resembles Father Christmas from local folklore. The Ghost of Christmas Present is the second of the three spirits (after the visitations by Jacob Marley and the Ghost of Christmas Past) that haunt the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, in order to prompt him to repent. He shows Scrooge how other people, especially those he knows, celebrate Christmas in order to show the reader what people think of Scrooge behind his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682090", "score": "0.9627941", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Past", "text": "cold-hearted miser. According to Dickens' novel, the Ghost of Christmas Past appears to Scrooge as a white-robed, androgynous figure of indeterminate age. It has on its head a blinding light, reminiscent of a candle flame, and carries a metal cap, made in the shape of a candle extinguisher. The ghost is often portrayed as a woman in dramatic adaptations of the story: After showing up in Scrooge's house, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes his hand and flies with him over London. It first shows Scrooge his old boarding school, where he stayed alone, but for his books, while his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6681259", "score": "0.94444263", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "text": "already aged, reveals that he will only exist on Earth for a \"very brief\" time, implied to be that single Christmas holiday. He finally disappears at the stroke of midnight on Twelfth Night, and leaves Scrooge to face the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, as it approaches \"like a mist along the ground\". Hearn, Michael P. (1989). \"The Annotated Christmas Carol\" by Charles Dickens; illustrated by John Leach; with an introduction, notes and bibliography by Michael Patrick Hearn. New York: Avenel Books. . Ghost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Present or The Spirit of Christmas Present is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682095", "score": "0.9124939", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come", "text": "finds that he is back in the present on Christmas morning. Along with the visions supplied by the other spirits, the ghost's warnings about Scrooge's future transform him into a better man. Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Come, also known as The Ghost of Christmas Future, sometimes The Spirit of Christmas Future or The Spirit of Christmas Yet-to-Come or The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Be, is a fictional character in English novelist Charles Dickens's \"A Christmas Carol\". It is the third and final spirit to visit the miser Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve. The spirit closely", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682188", "score": "0.9122067", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (1999 film)", "text": "to change his ways just as the Ghost disappears. The grave opens, and Scrooge sees his dead self lying in a coffin. He falls into the grave, then clings to his own dead body as he falls through the earth into Hell. Awakening in his bedroom on Christmas Day, Scrooge finds the ghosts had visited him all in one night instead of three. Gleeful at having survived the spirits, Scrooge decides to surprise Bob's family with a turkey dinner, and ventures out with the charity workers and the citizens of London to spread happiness in the city. The following day,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6763256", "score": "0.90396523", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "text": "back. When he first appears before Scrooge, he invites him to \"come in and know me better, man\". According to Dickens' novel, the Ghost of Christmas Present appears to Scrooge as \"a jolly giant\" with dark brown curls. He wears a fur-lined green robe and on his head a holly wreath set with shining icicles. He carries a large torch, made to resemble a cornucopia, and appears accompanied by a great feast. He states that he has had \"more than eighteen hundred\" brothers and later reveals the ability to change his size to fit into any space. He also bears", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682091", "score": "0.90384656", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (2006 film)", "text": "cricket, the Ghost of Christmas Past is a stork, the Ghost of Christmas Present is a kangaroo and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a walrus. This version differs from the original novel in many ways; for example, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come actually speaks, while most other versions have him mute. Tiny Tim doesn't die in the possible future revealed to Scrooge, but instead becomes as miserly as he is and Jacob Marley is said to be dead 2 years, unlike the original novel in which he was dead for 7 years. We also see", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9110128", "score": "0.89481694", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Past", "text": "bedroom, where he very quickly fell asleep. Various adaptations have added to the history shown by the Ghost. For example, in a 1984 film version of \"A Christmas Carol\", the spirit shows Scrooge an encounter between him and his unloving father, in which his father tells him that he has arranged an apprenticeship for young Scrooge, and that the boy's much longed-for homecoming is only to last three days. Other significant variations over time have included the following: Ghost of Christmas Past The Ghost of Christmas Past or The Spirit of Christmas Past is a fictional character in the work", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6681262", "score": "0.8854346", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (2004 film)", "text": "that contains his arm because he \"never lent a hand\". The Ghost of Christmas Past (Jane Krakowski) sings \"The Lights of Long Ago\", a number reinforcing her signature theme of illuminating Scrooge's worldview. One notable departure from Dickens' novella in this portion of the film is its depiction of Ebenezer Scrooge's father, identified as John William Scrooge, being sentenced to debtors' prison while his horrified family looks on (a scene inspired by events from Dickens' own childhood). The Ghost of Christmas Present gets two numbers, \"Abundance and Charity\" and \"Christmas Together\", in which he makes his point that Christmas is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6560012", "score": "0.8820581", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Santa Claus", "text": "December to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of 'good cheer'. His physical appearance was variable, with one famous image being John Leech's illustration of the \"Ghost of Christmas Present\" in Charles Dickens's festive classic \"A Christmas Carol\" (1843), as a great genial man in a green coat lined with fur who takes Scrooge through the bustling streets of London on the current Christmas morning, sprinkling the essence of Christmas onto the happy populace. In the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9439650", "score": "0.87798864", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Mickey's Christmas Carol", "text": "the weasels leave, Scrooge asks whose grave this belongs to. The ghost lights a cigar, revealing his face (he was actually Pete) and darkly remarks \"Why yours, Ebenezer Scrooge; the richest man in the cemetery\". The ghost shoves him into his empty coffin which opens to reveal the fires of Hell, laughing uproariously while Scrooge vows to repent. Awakening in his bedroom on Christmas Day, Scrooge decides to surprise Bob’s family with a turkey dinner and ventures out to spread happiness and joy around London. He accepts Fred's invitation, then donates a sizable amount of money to the gentlemen he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1761477", "score": "0.877289", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Nan's Christmas Carol", "text": "to her house when she was a little girl. They see her mother putting her to bed to be ready for Father Christmas. She leaves him out a mince pie and a glass of milk. In the morning, Father Christmas left the younger Joannie a tangerine. She opens her mouth and \"Nan\" is born. Then he takes Joannie to the 1950s when she sees her and Jake failing to arrange a date together. Then he takes her to the 1970s, where Joannie and Jake are very unhappily married. The next ghost to appear is the Ghost of Christmas Present (David", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14399989", "score": "0.87493986", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come", "text": "be a cheap funeral, if anyone comes at all. One businessman said he would go – but only if lunch is provided. Next, Scrooge is shown the same dead person's belongings being stolen by Scrooge's charwoman Mrs. Dilber, Scrooge's laundress, and the local undertaker and sold to a fence called Old Joe. He also sees a shrouded corpse, which he implores the Ghost not to unmask. Scrooge asks the ghost to show anyone who feels any emotion over the man's death. The ghost can only show him a poor couple indebted to the man momentarily rejoicing that the man is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682186", "score": "0.87023", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Haunted Mansion Holiday", "text": "Halloween town, but covered in snow. An immense, dead Christmas tree is in the middle of the room, with glowing skull and jack-o-lantern ornaments and ascending and desscending spider ornaments. Ghosts dance right through the tree while a ghost organist plays Kidnap the Sandy Claws as a waltz. In the Attic, all of Jack's presents have been stored. Ghastly, glowing presents lie about the room, jack-in-the-boxes popping up to scare passing guests. A snake, having eaten some presents, sits with Jack's Naughty and Nice list hanging out of its mouth. The Graveyard has been completely covered in snow and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6317217", "score": "0.86957604", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come", "text": "Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Come, also known as The Ghost of Christmas Future, sometimes The Spirit of Christmas Future or The Spirit of Christmas Yet-to-Come or The Ghost of Christmas Yet-to-Be, is a fictional character in English novelist Charles Dickens's \"A Christmas Carol\". It is the third and final spirit to visit the miser Ebenezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve. The spirit closely resembles the Grim Reaper. Scrooge finds the Ghost of Christmas Future the most fearsome of the Spirits; it appears to Scrooge as a figure entirely muffled in a black hooded cloak, except", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682184", "score": "0.8645729", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (2009 film)", "text": "an employee under Fezziwig, and he becomes engaged to a woman named Belle. However, the Ghost shows Scrooge how Belle left him when he became obsessed with wealth. A devastated Scrooge extinguishes the spirit with its candle snuffer cap but Scrooge is rocketed thousands of feet into the air while clinging onto the snuffer, only to have it disappear, resulting in Scrooge falling down to earth, back into his bedroom for the next visitation. Next, Scrooge meets the merry Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him the joys and wonder of Christmas Day. Scrooge and the Ghost visit Bob's house,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10526140", "score": "0.860138", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (1984 film)", "text": "Belle left him when he chose his wealth over her. A distraught Scrooge puts out the spirit with its cap as he returns to the present. At two o'clock, Scrooge meets the Ghost of Christmas Present, who shows him the joys and wonder of Christmas Day. Scrooge and the Ghost visit Bob's house, learning his family is surprisingly content with their small dinner, Scrooge taking pity on Tim. Scrooge and the spirit go to a desolate street, where the latter disappears, warning Scrooge about the evils of \"Ignorance\" and \"Want\". The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6060293", "score": "0.85882497", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Christmas Candle (book)", "text": "he went on a drunken reck and with his friends ridden a wagon over a cliff killing one of his friends and how Richmond would spend the rest of his life regretting, it so Edward gives him a candle out of sympathy. When the villagers all gather for church on Christmas Eve the villagers who were given a candle received a miracle each, then suddenly a man bursts into the church saying a girl and her baby are in trouble near a bridge. Edward and the reverend run to the bridge, but Richmond falls in the stream and tells Edward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19031830", "score": "0.8584465", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mickey's Christmas Carol", "text": "with their small dinner. Scrooge takes pity on Bob's ill son Tiny Tim (Mortie Mouse). The Ghost remarks \"If present shadows remain unchanged, I see an empty chair where Tiny Tim once sat\", then disappears. Smoke fills the streets, revealing the Ghost of Christmas Future, who appears as a silent, cloaked figure; the Ghost takes Scrooge to a future cemetery, where Scrooge is shocked to see Bob and his wife (Minnie Mouse) mourning Tiny Tim's grave. He then overhears two weasel gravediggers who are amused that no one attended the funeral of the man whose grave they are digging. After", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1761476", "score": "0.8573905", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (2004 film)", "text": "is stronger than his affection for her. In a final tragic moment, Marley himself suddenly falls ill in their counting house on Christmas Eve, dying in Scrooge's arms. At the stroke of Two, the Ghost of Christmas Present--who resembles the barker selling tickets--haunts Scrooge and shows him how others keep the spirit of the season (\"Abundance and Charity\"). He first transports him to a joyous Christmas pageant, where dancers and singers describe the pleasures found in the Yuletide; the lessons seem to be affecting Scrooge, as he joins in the pageant and gives young Grace Smythe (who is in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6560003", "score": "0.85607314", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "A Diva's Christmas Carol", "text": "to add to her own wealth. Because of it, Marli is still earthbound and in chains, and warns Ebony of a similar doom. Marli tells her that she will be visited by three spirits: Ghost of Christmas Past, Ghost of Christmas Present, and Ghost of Christmas Yet To Come, who will hopefully turn Ebony's life around. The Ghost of Christmas Past (Kathy Griffin) shows Ebony her tragic past with her abusive alcoholic father, and how she became the cold person she is today because of it. The only person that made her feel loved was her brother, Ronnie, and even", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17721422", "score": "0.8533592", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol", "text": "Blessing\"). The Ghost warns Scrooge that Cratchit's young son Tiny Tim, who is sickly, will not survive until next Christmas if things do not change. The Ghost of Christmas Past visits Scrooge next and takes him back to his boyhood, where Scrooge was a lonely schoolboy (\"Alone in the World\"). The Ghost also shows him Belle, a woman he had a relationship with before she left him due to his desire for money (\"Winter Was Warm\"). Scrooge encounters the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come and is shown a vision of the future, where an unloved man has recently died.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1063973", "score": "0.85045826", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "text": "emaciated children, subhuman in appearance and loathsome to behold, clinging to his robes, and names the boy as \"Ignorance\" and the girl as \"Want\". The spirit warns Scrooge, \"Beware them both, and all of their degree, but most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom unless the writing be erased\". The spirit once again quotes Scrooge, who asks if the grotesque children have \"no refuge, no resource\", and the spirit retorts with more of Scrooge's own words: \"Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses?\" The Ghost of Christmas Present, having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6682094", "score": "0.84785473", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol", "text": "A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. \"A Christmas Carol\" recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. Dickens wrote \"A Christmas Carol\" during a period when the British were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "811425", "score": "0.8477845", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "A Ghost Story for Christmas", "text": "50 minutes in duration, and features well-known British actors such as Clive Swift, Robert Hardy, Peter Vaughan, Edward Petherbridge and Denholm Elliott. The first five are adaptations of ghost stories by M. R. James, the sixth is based on a short story by Charles Dickens, and the two final instalments are original screenplays by Clive Exton and John Bowen respectively. The stories were titled \"A Ghost Story for Christmas\" in listings such as the \"Radio Times\", although this never appeared on screen, where they were regarded as individual films. An earlier black-and-white adaptation of M. R. James's \"Whistle and I'll", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13008305", "score": "0.84751654", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (2009 film)", "text": "The spirit transports Scrooge to Bob's residence, discovering that Tiny Tim has died. Scrooge is then taken to a cemetery, where the Ghost points out his own grave, confirming Scrooge was the man who died. Scrooge promises to change his ways just as the Ghost forces him to fall into his empty coffin lying in a deep grave that sits above the fires of Hell. Waking up in his own room on Christmas Day, with love and happiness in his heart, a gleeful Scrooge decides to surprise Bob's family with a turkey dinner, and ventures out with the charity workers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10526143", "score": "0.8473118", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (1938 film)", "text": "home. Despite wearing a cheery manner for his family's sake, Bob is deeply troubled by the loss of his job, though he confides in no one except his daughter Martha. The spirit hints that Bob's youngest son, Tim, will die of a crippling illness by the same time next year if things do not change. At three o'clock, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come arrives, appearing as a silent, cloaked figure. The spirit shows Scrooge what will happen if he does not change. Scrooge discovers Tiny Tim is dead and his family mourns for him. Scrooge also discovers that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4298585", "score": "0.8471279", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "A Christmas Carol (1938 film)", "text": "the ghost of his deceased business partner, Jacob Marley, who warns Scrooge to repent his wicked ways or he will be condemned in the afterlife as Marley was. He tells Scrooge he will be haunted by three spirits. At one o'clock, Scrooge is visited by the youthful Ghost of Christmas Past, who takes him back in time to his early life. Scrooge is shown his unhappiness when he was left to spend the holidays alone at school, and his joy when his sister, Fran, came to take him home for Christmas. The spirit reminds Scrooge that Fran, dead for some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4298583", "score": "0.8469744", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Ghosts of Christmas", "text": "The Ghosts of Christmas \"The Ghost of Christmas\" is a song by the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers. It was released during Christmas time as a gift to fans of the band. Manics bassist Nicky Wire announced the release with the following message: \"Here we go - a Manics Christmas tour is upon us. A fine and worthy tradition - To celebrate this season of goodwill we will be giving away our Christmas single 'The Ghosts of Christmas' on our website, and newsletter, from 1 December completely free. So to anyone who has bought our records, seen our gigs,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11244539", "score": "0.8459835", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "long_answer": "The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that \"If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die,\" and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, \"What then? If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.\" The spirit then warns Scrooge to \"forebear that wicked tongue until you have discovered for yourself what the surplus is, and where it is.\" and chillingly tells him \"It may be, that in the sight of heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to live than MILLIONS like this poor man's child.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that \"If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die,\" and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, \"What", "short_answers": [ "a little warmth", "warmth" ] }

[ "Asuka" ]

[ { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"Big Four\" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "beat him. The main event was the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble match for a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34. Sasha Banks and Becky Lynch were the first and second entrants, respectively. There were numerous surprise entrants throughout the match - including Hall of Famers Lita, Jacqueline, Beth Phoenix, and Trish Stratus; NXT wrestlers Kairi Sane and NXT Women's Champion Ember Moon; and past stars Torrie Wilson, Molly Holly, Michelle McCool (who scored the most eliminations at 5), Vickie Guerrero, and Kelly Kelly. SmackDown's Nikki Bella, who had been on hiatus since WrestleMania 33, and her free agent twin sister", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966298", "score": "1.3808768", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "women on the main rosters, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon scheduled the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match for the 2018 Royal Rumble, with the winner receiving a match at WrestleMania 34 for the top championship of their choice: Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship. Both brands' respective commissioners and general managers agreed that the women's match would have all of the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants. Stephanie was announced to join the commentary team for the women's match, and television host Maria Menounos was announced to be the special guest ring announcer.<ref name=\"pre-show/event additions\"></ref> At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966280", "score": "1.3773246", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"Big Four\" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise debut of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966274", "score": "1.2995689", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "signed full-time with WWE. As is tradition, the winner of the 30-man Royal Rumble match earned a world championship match at WrestleMania 34 for his choice of either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship. The event also hosted the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble, in which the winner earned a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34 for her choice of either Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship. The card consisted of nine matches, including three on the pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966275", "score": "1.2849777", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Clash of Champions (2017)", "text": "Roode, who defeated Jinder Mahal in the tournament final on the January 16, 2018 episode. Other participants of the tournament included former champion Baron Corbin, Tye Dillinger, Xavier Woods, Aiden English, Mojo Rawley, and Zack Ryder. On the December 18 episode of \"Raw\", Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon announced that the 2018 Royal Rumble would feature the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match. On \"SmackDown\", SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair first addressed her victory over Natalya at Clash of Champions, then said that she would be waiting for the winner of the women's Royal Rumble match at WrestleMania 34. Naomi came out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20122894", "score": "1.277035", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Michelle McCool", "text": "and WWE Hall of Famers Jacqueline and Trish Stratus. Few days later, McCool competed in the inaugural women's royal rumble match at the 2018 Royal Rumble where she entered at number 14, lasting 8:38, where she scored the most eliminations in the match with five before being eliminated by her long–time rival Natalya. In October, McCool took part of the all women's pay–per–view, WWE Evolution where she participated in a battle royal but she was eliminated from the match by Ember Moon. During the week of November 5, 2007, she appeared on six episodes of \"Family Feud\" with several other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4799458", "score": "1.2709724", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "Universal Championship match at the Royal Rumble. After Survivor Series, several women from NXT were promoted to the main rosters of both Raw and SmackDown. On the November 20, 2017 episode of \"Raw\", Paige, who had been out with an injury since June 2016, returned along with the debuts of NXT's Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville, forming the heel group Absolution, while similarly on the November 21 episode of \"SmackDown\", NXT's Ruby Riott, Liv Morgan, and Sarah Logan debuted and formed the heel group The Riott Squad. On the December 18, 2017 episode of \"Raw\", with a larger roster of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966279", "score": "1.2547898", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)", "text": "the inaugural women's Royal Rumble match the previous night at the Royal Rumble, to wait until after Elimination Chamber to pick which championship to challenge for at WrestleMania 34, as Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss was scheduled to defend her title in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match. The following week, General Manager Kurt Angle announced that Bayley, Mandy Rose, Mickie James, Sasha Banks, and Sonya Deville would be the other competitors in the match. Bliss came out and questioned Angle as to why she had to defend her title in the Elimination Chamber match while Universal Champion Brock Lesnar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20467807", "score": "1.2491264", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Survivor Series (2017)", "text": "being attacked by the returning Paige and the debuts of NXT’s Mandy Rose & Sonya Deville, who would later be known as Absolution. On the December 18 episode of \"Raw\", the first women's Royal Rumble match, involving wrestlers from both Raw and SmackDown, was scheduled for the 2018 Royal Rumble. On the following episode of \"SmackDown\", SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon addressed Survivor Series. He stated that despite their loss, SmackDown would no longer be considered the B-show. He then called out Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn and was about to fire them for the attack at Survivor Series, when General", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19846959", "score": "1.2296113", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Women in WWE", "text": "Naomi, Becky Lynch, Natalya and the Smackdown Women's Champion Charlotte forming The Riott Squad. Stephanie McMahon announced on December 18 that at Royal Rumble (2018) there would be the first ever female Royal Rumble match. Beth Phoenix returned to the company as a on-air commentator for a new half hour web series show called \"WWE Mixed Match Challenge\", a tournament made up exclusively of mixed tag-teams. Terri Runnels, Jacqueline, Lilian Garcia, Torrie Wilson, Trish Stratus, Michelle McCool, and Kelly Kelly would also return to the company by making special appearances for the company's 25th anniversary of \"Raw\"; this marked the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2939168", "score": "1.2258974", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2019)", "text": "Royal Rumble (2019) Royal Rumble (2019) is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view event and WWE Network event produced by WWE for their Raw and SmackDown brands. It will take place on January 27, 2019, at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona. It is the thirty-second event under the Royal Rumble chronology. As is tradition, the winner of the men's and women's Royal Rumble matches will earn a world championship match at WrestleMania 35. The men will for either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship. The women either the Raw or SmackDown Women's Championship. The card will include matches that result", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20548546", "score": "1.2253389", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble match", "text": "match three different times—first as Cactus Jack, then as Mankind and finally as Dude Love. The 2018 Royal Rumble was the first to include a women's Royal Rumble match, contested under the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants. According to the rules, participants are match eliminated if moved over the top rope and both feet touch the floor. Hence, a wrestler who exits the ring without going over the top rope is not eliminated from the contest. For example, during the 1999 match both Vince McMahon and Stone Cold Steve Austin left the ring only to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9730646", "score": "1.2224135", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "Rusev, who was unsuccessful in winning the title. Also following the Royal Rumble, SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan revealed the first-ever \"SmackDown Top Ten List\" as voted on by the SmackDown roster to see who the wrestlers thought should get a title opportunity. This played into a storyline between Roode, who ranked 5th, Randy Orton, who ranked 9th, and Jinder Mahal, who did not rank, resulting in SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon scheduling Roode to defend the U.S. Championship against Orton at Fastlane. In the women's division, SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair praised the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, but wished", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966307", "score": "1.2187145", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of WWE", "text": "and Sami Zayn in a tag team match. Bobby Lashley made his return to the WWE on the following episode of Raw. At the Greatest Royal Rumble, Braun Strowman won the 50-men Royal Rumble match, the largest royal rumble match in history, where he would receive the inaugural Greatest Royal Rumble Championship belt as well as a trophy. At the 2018 SummerSlam event, Roman Reigns defeated Brock Lesnar to win the WWE Universal Championship. However two months later Reigns vacated the title due to Leukemia. In October 2018, WWE held their first all women's pay per view WWE Evolution, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8086622", "score": "1.2156439", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bayley (wrestler)", "text": "WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal, where she made it to the final two. She would pay Banks back for the Royal Rumble and Elimination Chamber by eliminating her, but she was eliminated by winner Naomi. On the April 16 episode of Raw, during the first day of the 2018 WWE Superstar Shake-up, Bayley fought Banks to a no contest after interference from the Riott Squad (Ruby Riott, Sarah Logan and Liv Morgan), who had recently been traded to the Raw brand. The following week, despite the tension between the two, Bayley would team with Banks in a 10-woman tag team match,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206909", "score": "1.2134529", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "announced as the #10 entrant, but was attacked backstage by Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, resulting in Zayn taking his spot.<br> (**) - Heath Slater spent significant time outside of the ring before officially entering the Rumble, due to being attacked by Baron Corbin and other wrestlers.<br> (***) - WWE.com's official website lists Sheamus' time to be 20 seconds, but they have otherwise stated 2 seconds. Brand (*) - Kairi Sane was a last minute replacement for Alicia Fox, who was originally scheduled to participate in the match, but got injured just prior to the event. Royal Rumble (2018) Royal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966309", "score": "1.2048963", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Liv Morgan", "text": "Morgan participated in the first women's Royal Rumble match at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view as the eleventh entrant, but was eliminated by Michelle McCool. On April 16, The Riott Squad were drafted to Raw, as part of the 2018 Superstar Shake-Up and caused the match between Bayley and Sasha Banks to end in a no contest. On the September 24 episode of \"Raw\", Morgan was legitimately knocked unconscious by Brie Bella when Bella was doing Yes Kicks when two of them connected to her head, Morgan would continue for a bit before being taken out of the match. On September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18950647", "score": "1.2034788", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Alexa Bliss", "text": "the first woman to have won both the Raw and SmackDown Women's titles in WWE. In February 2018, she won the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match. She won the 2018 Money in the Bank ladder match and cashed in the contract later that night to win her third Raw Women's Championship, becoming a five-time overall champion. Kaufman was born in Columbus, Ohio. She has been involved in sports since the age of five, competing in softball, track, kickboxing and gymnastics. In cheerleading, she performed with Hilliard Davidson High School and she reached Division I status in college at the University", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17942566", "score": "1.2009964", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Authority (professional wrestling)", "text": "as The Authority during this time. Following the inaugural women's Royal Rumble match at the 2018 Royal Rumble, former UFC star Ronda Rousey made an appearance, confirming she had signed full-time with WWE, and would sign her Raw contract at Elimination Chamber. At the event, Raw General Manager Kurt Angle, Stephanie, and Triple H introduced Rousey. Triple H confirmed that there were no special stipulations in Rousey's contract, but Rousey would have her debut match at WrestleMania 34. Angle, who Stephanie previously threatened to fire and who Triple H had turned on back at Survivor Series, then brought up the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17666693", "score": "1.1991519", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2017)", "text": "record the following week; Charlotte faced Bayley in another non-title match, but this time with Dana Brooke as guest referee, who gave a fast three count to give Charlotte the victory. On the January 2, 2017 episode, Bayley defeated Nia Jax due to a distraction by Sasha Banks to become the number one contender for the Raw Women's Championship at the Royal Rumble. Backstage the following week, Charlotte and Nia attacked Bayley and Sasha and later defeated them in a tag team match. On the January 16 episode, Charlotte tried to embarrass Bayley by showing old pictures and poems of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18554257", "score": "1.1988912", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Carmella (wrestler)", "text": "she won the second match with the help of Ellsworth. In November, Carmella ended her association with Ellsworth after he lost to Becky Lynch in an intergender match. On January 28, 2018, at the Royal Rumble, Carmella participated in the first women's Royal Rumble match, where she entered at number 17, lasting over 18 minutes before being eliminated by Nikki Bella. She then appeared in the first WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal at WrestleMania 34, but was the first woman eliminated from the match by Sonya Deville. After 287 days (the longest period for a wrestler to hold the contract) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18318280", "score": "1.1974595", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2011)", "text": "match for the WWE Divas Championship between Eve Torres, Natalya, Layla, and Michelle McCool, which Torres won to win the championship. The pay-per-view featured the annual Royal Rumble match, which has been featured at every Royal Rumble event since its inception. However, for the first and only time in the history of the event, the Royal Rumble match featured 40 wrestlers instead of the usual number of 30. The same rules implied regardless of the number of entrants; the match ends when one wrestler remains in the ring, after all 39 other wrestlers have been eliminated via being tossed over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14852644", "score": "1.191572", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2017)", "text": "Championship. Subsequently, Alexa avoided a rematch against Lynch but lost a non-title match against \"newcomer\" La Luchadora, who made the champion submit to the \"Dis-arm-her\" and then unmasked as Lynch. Over the next few weeks, an unknown villainess dressed as La Luchadora began to aid Alexa in matches against Lynch, including her successful title defense in a steel cage match in the main event of the January 17, 2017 episode of \"SmackDown\", where La Luchadora was unmasked as the returning Mickie James. The following week, Mickie James explained that she became forgotten due to the Women's Revolution; Lynch then came", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18554263", "score": "1.1905707", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Charlotte Flair", "text": "in 2015, quickly winning the Divas Championship. In 2016, she was crowned the inaugural WWE Women's Champion (which later became the Raw Women's Championship when the brand split was reintroduced). Her match against Sasha Banks at Hell in a Cell in October 2016 was the first match featuring women to headline a WWE pay-per-view event. Together in 2016, they also main evented \"Raw\" in a singles match in October and November 2016 (the first for a women's match since 2004) and became the first women to win the \"PWI\" award for Feud of the Year. They also set the new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16620355", "score": "1.1904825", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Beth Phoenix", "text": "April 3, 2018, Phoenix acted as color commentator on \"WWE Mixed Match Challenge\", commenting the tournament each week alongside Michael Cole and Corey Graves. On January 28, 2018 at the Royal Rumble event, she entered the first ever woman's Royal Rumble match as a competitor, making her the first and currently only person to appear in both a men's and women's Royal Rumble. She entered at number 24 and lasted over two minutes before being eliminated by Natalya. She then appeared as commentator for the WrestleMania Women's Battle Royal at WrestleMania 34. She returned as commentator for the 2018 Mae", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5063724", "score": "1.1900524", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)", "text": "the Raw brand. Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television show \"Monday Night Raw\". The card was highlighted by two Elimination Chamber matches, one of which was the first to involve women, and the men's chamber match was the first to have seven participants. At the Royal Rumble, Shinsuke Nakamura won the men's Royal Rumble match and decided to stay on SmackDown to challenge for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 34. This left Brock Lesnar, who at the same event retained his Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, without an opponent at WrestleMania. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20467803", "score": "1.1899389", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble (2017)", "text": "Sasha Banks. Jax performed a pop-up Samoan drop on Banks for the win. The actual pay-per-view opened with Charlotte Flair defending the Raw Women's Championship against Bayley. In the end, Charlotte performed a Natural Selection on Bayley onto the ring apron and pinned her to retain the title. Next, Kevin Owens defended the WWE Universal Championship against Roman Reigns in a No-Disqualification match, with United States Champion Chris Jericho suspended above the ring in a shark cage. Outside the ring, Owens performed a frog splash on Reigns through a table and scored a near-fall. Jericho threw a pair of brass", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18554266", "score": "1.1881692", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble match", "text": "Royal Rumble. Only wrestlers with at least 10 appearances are shown. As of the 2018 Greatest Royal Rumble. ^Only wrestler to appear in both the male and female Royal Rumbles. As of 2018, there has been only one women's Royal Rumble. Only the top ten times are shown. Note that bold indicates the winner of that year's match. As of 2018, there has been only one women's Royal Rumble. Only the top ten times are shown. Only wrestlers with at least three eliminations are shown. Note that bold indicates the winner of that year's match Highest number of wrestlers working", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9730662", "score": "1.1875782", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Royal Rumble match", "text": "receive a title opportunity of their choice for a women's championship, either the Raw or SmackDown Women's Championship. Due to free agents, Hall of Famers and wrestlers from the NXT brand also participating, there has not been an even division of wrestlers (in either the men's or women's Rumbles) between Raw and SmackDown since the second brand extension went into effect. WWE's top championship has been booked as on the line during the Royal Rumble match on two occasions. In 1992, the vacant WWF Championship was contested in the 1992 Royal Rumble match (eventually won by Ric Flair) while in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9730653", "score": "1.1873665", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "long_answer": "Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"Big Four\" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise appearance of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had signed full-time with WWE.", "chunked_long_answer": "Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"Big Four\" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also", "short_answers": [ "Asuka" ] }

[ "Ghana", "Hawaii", "Nigeria", "Tahiti", "Australia", "New Zealand", "Senegal", "South Africa" ]

[ { "title": "The Endless Summer", "text": "Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport. Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Endless Summer II", "text": "The Endless Summer II The Endless Summer II is a 1994 film directed by Bruce Brown and is a sequel to his 1966 film \"The Endless Summer\". In \"The Endless Summer II\", surfers Pat O'Connell and Robert \"Wingnut\" Weaver retrace the steps of Mike Hynson and Robert August. It shows the growth and evolution of the surfing scene since the first film, which presented only classic longboard surfing. O'Connell rides a shortboard, which was developed in the time between the two movies, and there are scenes of windsurfing and bodyboarding. The film illustrates how far surfing had spread, with footage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9114723", "score": "1.1315225", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Pat O'Connell (surfer)", "text": "Pat O'Connell (surfer) Patrick O'Connell (born 1971) is a surfer and star alongside Robert \"Wingnut\" Weaver in Bruce Brown's \"The Endless Summer II\". Born in Chicago in 1971, O'Connell moved to Newport Beach and then Dana Point in the early 1980s where he was a member of the Dana Hills High surf team. In 1990, O'Connell represented the United States in the World Amateur Championships in Japan, winning the first event and finishing ninth overall in the Open Division also winning two PSAA events. He gained celebrity status when he took one of the lead roles in Bruce Brown's remake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11236941", "score": "1.0946069", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Bruce Brown", "text": "Bruce Brown Bruce Alan Brown (December 1, 1937 – December 10, 2017) was an American documentary film director, known as an early pioneer of the surf film. He was the father of filmmaker Dana Brown. Brown's films include \"Slippery When Wet\" (1958), \"Surf Crazy\" (1959), \"Barefoot Adventure\" (1960), \"Surfing Hollow Days\" (1961), \"Waterlogged\" (1962), and his best known film, \"The Endless Summer\" (1966), which received nationwide theatrical release in 1966. Considered among the most influential in the genre, \"The Endless Summer\" follows surfers Mike Hynson and Robert August around the world. Thirty years later, Brown filmed \"The Endless Summer II\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6081691", "score": "1.0897783", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Dana Brown", "text": "Dana Brown Dana Brown (born December 11, 1959 in Dana Point, California) is an American surfer and filmmaker, and is the oldest son of filmmaker Bruce Brown. His films include \"The Endless Summer Revisited\" (2000) which is made up of unused footage from \"The Endless Summer\" (1964) and \"The Endless Summer II\" (1994), as well as some original interviews with the stars of those films. His first all-original film was \"Step Into Liquid\" (2003) followed by a documentary on the Baja 1000 titled \"Dust to Glory\" (2005). In 2009, he debuted a new film called \"Highwater\" during the 100th anniversary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6161354", "score": "1.0831097", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Robert August", "text": "Robert August Robert August (born 1945) is an American surfer and surfboard shaper. Raised in Seal Beach, California, he attended Huntington Beach High School where he was ASB President his senior year. He is most famous as one of the subjects of Bruce Brown's 1966 surf documentary \"The Endless Summer\", along with his friend Mike Hynson. The film follows the two around the world pursuing their hobby during the California offseason, meeting other surfers and discussing surf culture. August picked up surfing in the 1950s, when the sport's popularity had just begun to grow. His father, Blackie August, was also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8875099", "score": "1.067474", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Robert August", "text": "a noted surfer. His enthusiasm and his involvement in \"The Endless Summer\" influenced the growth of the sport over the following decades. His surfboards are sold under the Robert August Surfboards brand and are produced by Surftech, a company that manufactures lightweight epoxy surfboards. He continues to travel the world promoting surfing, and in 1994, he was involved in the filming of \"The Endless Summer II\", in which surfers Pat O'Connell and Robert \"Wingnut\" Weaver retrace the places visited by August and Hynson thirty years earlier. He took part in the film \"Step into Liquid\". Robert August Robert August (born", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8875100", "score": "1.0519433", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pat O'Connell (surfer)", "text": "Frankenreiter and Benji Weatherley) on the \"Drive Thru\" series of surf movies and television shows since 2005. He is a 2009 inductee into the Surfers' Hall of Fame in Huntington Beach, California. 1995: 29th 1996: 32nd 1997: 17th 1998: 11th 1999: 25th 2000: 40th 2001: 23rd 2002: 32nd 2003: 35th 2004: 26th ASP World Tour Archived Results and Rankings Pat O'Connell (surfer) Patrick O'Connell (born 1971) is a surfer and star alongside Robert \"Wingnut\" Weaver in Bruce Brown's \"The Endless Summer II\". Born in Chicago in 1971, O'Connell moved to Newport Beach and then Dana Point in the early 1980s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11236943", "score": "1.036316", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Butch Van Artsdalen", "text": "powerful, hollow waves at Ehukai Beach known as the Banzai Pipeline. This, along with his reputation for riding switchfoot in the large surf at Waimea Bay, earned him the nickname \"Mr. Pipeline.\" Because of his talents, Van Artsdalen was featured in several early surf films by Dale Davis and Bruce Brown, the most notable of which was \"The Endless Summer.\" Van Artsdalen received onscreen credit in one of William Asher's \"surfploitation\" comedies, \"Muscle Beach Party,\" starring Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello. He was recruited by artist and talent scout Michael Dormer to American International Pictures for auditions, but a violent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6812494", "score": "1.0289859", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Olivia Munn", "text": "II, a naturist resort in Negril, Jamaica, with Kato Kaelin. The films aired on DirecTV and In Demand pay-per-view. In late 2005, Munn began her role as teen surfer Mily Acuna over two seasons of the television drama \"Beyond the Break\" on The N network. She enjoys surfing and continues to practice the sport. She originally auditioned for the role of Kai Kealoha, but the producers wanted a \"local girl\". She also appeared in the film \"The Road to Canyon Lake\". In 2006, Munn moved on to the G4 network, where she began co-hosting \"Attack of the Show!\" with Kevin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7533381", "score": "1.0200577", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rainbow Bridge (film)", "text": "parent Warner Bros. with an idea for a youth film. He was able to secure a $450,000 advance with the promise of a soundtrack by Hendrix. While in Maui, Jeffery met Mike Hynson, star of \"The Endless Summer\" surf epic, and wanted to develop a film. With the proposed title \"Wave\", it would be centered on the Maui countercultural community. Jeffery enlisted Chuck Wein, who had produced three Andy Warhol Factory films. Wein brought in Pat Hartley as the star, who had appeared in some of his films. Wein and art director Melinda Merryweather \"invited outrageous people to portray themselves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6408910", "score": "1.0016271", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ishita Malaviya", "text": "is to promote the Indian coastline as an international surfing destination. She was also sponsored by sporting brand Quiksilver and was part of the first \"Summer Swell Challenge\", a surfing challenge held in Pondicherry, India. In 2014, the surf club uploaded a video titled \"The India Surf Story\". It was a thirteen-minute-long documentary about the origins of surfing in India. Most of the footage for the video was shot at the \"India Surf Festival\" held in 2013 at Odisha. The film took shape over a period of eight months and was made with a small budget using borrowed equipment and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18091306", "score": "0.9989855", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Corky Carroll", "text": "Bruce Brown invited Corky to join The Endless Summer promotional tour in order to promote the surf movie, and he appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in New York and teaching Johnny to skateboard, and appeared on the first of three Merv Griffin Shows. In 1965 Carroll won first place at the Tom Morey Nose Riding Invitational – The first contest ever to pay prize money, and signed an endorsement contract with Jantzen Sportswear appearing on the back cover of almost every Surfer Magazine for seven straight years. In 1966 he achieved USSA (surf tour) #1 ranking and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10419976", "score": "0.9903331", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Soul surfer", "text": "film, \"The Endless Summer\". More recently, the phrase was used as the title of a book about Bethany Hamilton, a young female surfer who continued to surf after her arm was bitten off by a tiger shark. The book was made into a 2011 feature film, also called \"Soul Surfer\". Soul surfing has been described as “the highest level, the pinnacle of surfing spirituality equivalent to Nirvana, Satori, and total enlightenment, but is rarely attained. The Soul Surfer expresses himself through his unity with the breaking wave. He borrows the wave's spirit for a short while and uses his body", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11196205", "score": "0.98741376", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Endless Summer", "text": "advantage\". By 1962, he had spent five years making one surf film per year. He would shoot during the fall and winter months, edit during the spring and show the finished product during the summer. Brown remembered, \"I felt if I could take two years to make a film, maybe I could make something special\". To do this, he would need a bigger budget than he had on previous films. To raise the $50,000 budget for \"The Endless Summer\", Brown took the best footage from his four previous films and made \"Waterlogged\". Brown took his completed film to several Hollywood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430263", "score": "0.9799795", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Huntington Beach, California", "text": "Ruby's Diner. The Surf Theatre, which was located one block north of the pier, gained fame in the 1960s and 1970s for showing independent surf films such as \"The Endless Summer\" and \"Five Summer Stories\". The Surf Theatre was owned and operated by Hugh Larry Thomas from 1961 until it was demolished in 1989. A newer version of The Surf Theatre is now closed, but the Huntington Beach International Surfing Museum has preserved its memory with ongoing screenings of surfing movies once shown at a Huntington Beach theater and the original metal SURF sign. Another surfing-related attraction in Huntington Beach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "736008", "score": "0.9767078", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Playa Negra", "text": "Negra is home to the surfing break known worldwide since being featured in Bruce Brown's movie \"Endless Summer II\". However, there are many accounts of individuals who surfed Playa Negra long before the movie came out. Some claim to have been here in the 1970s. This beach is considered by many surfers to be one of the top spots in Costa Rica. It has become famous in part to its ease of access apart from its quality as a surfing wave. Playa Negra has a rock reef bottom with good right-hand barrels and a well defined channel for paddling out.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9743881", "score": "0.9725995", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Darrick Doerner", "text": "Incorporated.\" Darrick's water patrol work for films and TV shows include \"Big Wednesday\", \"Baywatch\", \"ER\", \"The Big Bounce\". Stunt double and surf coach for Patrick Swayze in \"Point Break\" (1991). Final \"Bells Beach 50 Year Storm\" surfing and wipe-out scene shot at Waimea Bay. Stunt double for James Bond in \"Die Another Day\" (2002). Opening segment shot at Peahi, Maui with Dave Kalama, Laird Hamilton and cinematographer Don King. Darrick Doerner Darrick Doerner is a big wave pioneer in the sport of tow-in surfing, in which personal water craft are used to tow surfers into large surf. Also known by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14590754", "score": "0.970299", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Wedge (surfing)", "text": "included in his Greatest Hits. The Wedge also makes an appearance in Bruce Brown's \"The Endless Summer\". Pop punk band All Time Low also mentions the Wedge in their song \"Let It Roll\" from their 2007 album, \"So Wrong, It's Right\". Balboa is mentioned in the opening song to seminal surfing movie \"Beach Party\" (1963). The Wedge (surfing) The Wedge is a spot located at the extreme east end of the Balboa Peninsula in Newport Beach, California known for its large wedge shaped waves that makes it a popular spot for surfing. During a south or south/southwest swell of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4645263", "score": "0.96889424", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Endless Summer", "text": "circumnavigating the world. After which, Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world. The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor. The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals. The \"Theme to the Endless Summer\" was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals. It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre. When the movie was first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430260", "score": "0.96875066", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Five Summer Stories", "text": "of the Lyon Lamb Video Animation System. Called a \"cinematic cult classic\", the film is generally acknowledged as the start of the second generation of surf films, with the first generation being typified by Bruce Brown's \"The Endless Summer\". Five Summer Stories Five Summer Stories is a 1972 surf film by Jim Freeman and Greg MacGillivray, starring David Nuuhiwa, Eddie Aikau, Gerry Lopez, and Sam Hawk. Its VHS re-release was in 1994, followed by a DVD release. \"The Original Sound Track from Five Summer Stories\" was composed and recorded by the Southern California native band, Honk. The soundtrack was released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9777067", "score": "0.96549475", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Garrett McNamara", "text": "Garrett McNamara Garrett ‘GMAC’ McNamara (born August 10, 1967) is an American professional big wave surfer and extreme waterman known for breaking the world record for largest wave ever surfed at Nazaré, Portugal, surviving a monstrous wave at Jaws, and riding tsunami from calving glaciers in Alaska. McNamara was born on August 10, 1967 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts and spent much of his childhood in Berkeley, California. In Berkeley, McNamara, and his younger brother Liam McNamara, were both known by friends to be rather fearless and to shrug off the pains of rough childhood play, foreshadowing his later ability to face", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16534265", "score": "0.9626789", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Terry Wade", "text": "Terry Wade Terry Wade (born February 27, 1960) is an American bodysurfer. On record as having mastered the largest waves ridden at The Wedge, a world-famous surf spot in Newport Beach, California, Terry Wade has become one of the world's most recognizable names in big wave bodysurfing. Wedge riders swim out to get eaten by the monstrous waves that power in from either hurricanes off the West Coast of Mexico or storm activity in the Southern Hemisphere. Between the years of 1973 and 1998, Wade consistently made headlines, as he would sit in the water for hours waiting for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10859817", "score": "0.9615272", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Greg Long (surfer)", "text": "Oahu. On January 4, 2012, Greg Long, along with his fellow big wave surfers Ian Walsh, Kohl Christensen, Jeff Rowley, Dave Wassel, Shane Dorian, Mark Healey, Carlos Burle, Nate Fletcher, Garrett McNamara, Kai Barger, North Shore locals and others visited the Hawaiian Islands for a day of surfing. Later that year, the Hollywood film he provided stunt surfing for, \"Chasing Mavericks\", premiered. Long has been known for caring more for the spirit of big wave surfing than the sponsorship deals, media attention, and contest wins. At the Mavericks Contest in 2008, for example, Long agreed to split the prize money", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14075459", "score": "0.96015596", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Greg Long (surfer)", "text": "among himself and the five other finalists. He is also known for pressing the limits of paddle-in surfing, paddling into many waves which were once deemed unrideable without the help of a jet ski. Long was included as an actor and adviser in the Hollywood film \"Chasing Mavericks\", and was featured as the star of a documentary about the psychology of big wave surfing. Long uses his celebrity to donate to charity organizations, and is involved in the Surfrider Foundation, \"Wildcoast\", \"Parley For The Oceans\" and \"Save the Waves\". Also, Long focused his efforts on Baja, Mexico, when a natural", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14075460", "score": "0.95623696", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "World Surfing Reserves", "text": "featured a number of events, including a wetsuit fashion show and a paddle out at Pleasure Point. The official ceremony took place out front the Santa Cruz Surfing Museum, where Pat O'Neil from O'Neill wetsuits and local officials spoke. Huanchaco beach is a summer vacation spot located in the northern city of Trujillo, Peru. Huanchaco is famous for several things but particularly for being a surfer's dream spot and its caballitos de totora. The most famous food here is the ceviche. Huanchaco is nearby the very famous ruins of Chan Chan. Throughout 2008 the town underwent significant improvements with all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14364134", "score": "0.9545276", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Sizzle Beach, U.S.A.", "text": "Sizzle Beach, U.S.A. Sizzle Beach, U.S.A, also known as Malibu Hot Summer, is an independent film directed by Richard Brander and starring Robert Acey, Kevin Costner, Terry Congie, Leslie Brander and Roselyn Royce. It was not released until 1986 after Costner became a celebrity. His biography says it was filmed between 1978 and 1979. Three young women team up to rent a beach house in Malibu, California: One of them lands a job in a high school thanks to an investment broker she meets jogging along the beach, another is taking acting lessons and enjoys horseback riding, though the young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10073531", "score": "0.9460243", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Riding Giants", "text": "\"Gidget\" movies, \"Endless Summer\", The Beach Boys, Elvis and lots of TV commercials. \"Riding Giants\" is about altogether another reality.\" Riding Giants Riding Giants is a 2004 documentary film directed and narrated by Stacy Peralta, a famous skater/surfer. The movie traces the origins of surfing and specifically focuses on the art of big wave riding. Some of the featured surfers are Greg Noll, Laird Hamilton, and Jeff Clark, and surfing pioneers such as Mickey Munoz. The film begins with a historical overview, starting at its Hawaiian beginnings, then moves on to focus on the dangerous lure of big-wave surfing (surfing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7175165", "score": "0.9439356", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Greg Long (surfer)", "text": "but it was not photographed and thus not recognized. This is according to the book \"Ghost Wave\" by Chris Dixon. That same year, Long won the Mavericks surf contest in surf. In June 2008, he signed a sponsorship deal with Billabong. Long's biggest career achievement came in December 2009, when he won the Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational in surf at the North Shore's Waimea Bay. There, he took down ten-time world champion Kelly Slater and a host of the world's best big wave riders. Long also won the 2009 Quiksilver in Memory of Eddie Aikau big-wave contest on Waimea Bay,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14075458", "score": "0.9438964", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Phil Rajzman", "text": "to join the first Brazilian Tow-In Team, (where the surfer is pulled by a jet-ski, searching for the biggest and best waves possible). In 2002 Phil participated in the movie Surf Adventures, a highlight of which was his amazing sequence of maneuvers at Fernando de Noronha. A continuation of the movie, Surf Adventures 2, is in the final editing phase, and Phil again plays a main role in the movie as being the only surfer to use both a short and longboard. In May 2007 Rajzman beat Danilo Rodrigo and won the ASP OXBOW World Championship in France. He is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12406653", "score": "0.941319", "original_retrieval_index": 47 } ]

{ "title": "The Endless Summer", "long_answer": "Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport. Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear.", "chunked_long_answer": "Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport. Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear.", "short_answers": [ "Australia", "Ghana", "Hawaii", "New Zealand", "Nigeria", "Senegal", "South Africa", "Tahiti" ] }

[ "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel" ]

[ { "title": "Judith Keppel", "text": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)", "text": "of making this show in Afrikaans but it was never realised. David Paterson was the only million rand winner, on 19 March 2000. He was the first winner outside of the United States. Official Website Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637772", "score": "1.1957439", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)", "text": "(contestant can change the question). Earlier the lifelines were: Fifty Fifty, Ask The Audience and Switch The Question. These are the prizes of the new version of the game: These are the prizes of the old version of the game: Siksaka Bunluerith is the first and only Thai contestant to legitimately win a top prize by answering all 16 questions in first format correctly on October 2000. In 2002, Lertlak Panchanawaporn, 44-year-old street vendor won the grand prize on the show. The show's producers were impressed with her, since she had only a fourth-grade education. Finally, the truth came to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12709328", "score": "1.1564323", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)", "text": "a contestant called Aroma Ufodike became the first person to win the ₦10 million, and currently, he is the only one who won the top prize of this game show. One of the questions related to celebrated Nigerian football referee Linus Mbah. Just like in Slumdog Millionaire Mr. Ufodike was able to answer the question from his personal experience. Mr. Mbah lived in the apartment above him or, as Mr. Ufodike put it - \"He lives on top of me!\" The Nigerian variation of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire has special editions which are recorded and broadcast at certain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12659550", "score": "1.1483619", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)", "text": "was removed and it was replaced by the returning Phone A Friend. On January 9, 2010, Sharon Cuneta once again played on the show and won ₱2,000,000, making her the first top prize winner in the Philippine franchise's history, three days after her birthday. References to her first appearance, especially the 14th question asked, were made during her game. All of the money she won was played for charity and was donated to the Hospicio de San Jose. Coincidentally, the 13th question in her game was about the orphanage's exact location. A translation of the 15th question can be seen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12672964", "score": "1.145078", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Quiz (play)", "text": "2001 win of £1,000,000 on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" and the subsequent court trial. Charles Ingram, a major in the British Army entered British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" in September 2001. Suspicions arose during filming after coughing was heard loudly adjacent to the correct answers. A sound technician informed Celador CEO Paul Smith of their suspicions, with filming allowed to continue and the tapes reviewed after filming had completed. Ingram eventually won the million pounds, however upon reviewing the tapes and each cough heard, Ingram was accused of cheating by having his wife, Diana,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20672547", "score": "1.1390377", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "on 19 November 1999. Carpenter did not use a lifeline until the final question, using his Phone-a-Friend not for help but to call his father to tell him he had won the million. Other notable top prize winners include Judith Keppel, the first winner of the UK version; Kevin Olmstead from the U.S. version, who won a progressive jackpot of $2.18 million; Martin Flood from the Australian version, who was investigated by producers after suspicions that he had cheated, much like Charles Ingram, but was later cleared; and Sushil Kumar from the Indian version, who is often referred to in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491527", "score": "1.1376345", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "rare example of a word that rhymes with orange\". Shamsid-Deen considered taking the risk, believing (correctly) that the name belonged to a mountain in Wales. However, she decided that the potential of losing $225,000 did not justify the risk and elected to walk away from the question, giving Murray the win and the million dollar prize. Since its introduction to the United States, GSN credited \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" with not only single-handedly reviving the game show genre, but also breaking new ground for it. The series revolutionized the look and feel of game shows with its unique", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919997", "score": "1.1305946", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty). The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the \"Who Wants to Be a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919930", "score": "1.1300558", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Are You an Egghead?", "text": "v. Dom Tait: David Edwards, the first male jackpot winner of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", defeated Dom Tait, a former \"University Challenge\" semi-finalist. David won four head-to-head rounds to Dom's one before winning 4–3 in the final round. Match Seven: Shanker Menon v. Isobel Williams: Shanker, a 2008 World Quizzing Championships competitor, beat Isobel Williams 7–6 in the first match to go to sudden death in the final round. Shanker had won 3 head-to-head rounds to Isobel's 2 in a closely fought battle. Isobel was the first contestant on the programme to have no previous quizzing experience. Match", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12602694", "score": "1.1293076", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "2013, when Josina Reaves became the second U.S. \"Millionaire\" contestant to incorrectly answer her $1,000,000 question, but only lost $75,000 as she used her Jump the Question lifelines on her $250,000 and $500,000 questions. Although the syndicated \"Millionaire\" had produced two millionaires in its first season, Nancy Christy's May 2003 win was still standing as the most recent when the program began its eighth season in fall of 2009. Deciding that six-plus years had been too long since someone had won the top prize, producers conducted a tournament to find a third million dollar winner. For the first nine weeks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919992", "score": "1.1199483", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "Western media as the \"real-life \"Slumdog Millionaire\"\". Of all the international versions, the Japanese version has produced the most number (38) of top prize winners, including juniors. The most recent \"Millionaire\" winner is Hansani Kavindi in the Sri Lankan version, who won Rs. 2,000,000 on December 8, 2018. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" debuted in Britain on 4 September 1998, with episodes broadcast on the ITV network. When it began airing, the show was hosted by Chris Tarrant, and became an instant hit – at its peak in 1999, one edition of the show was watched by over 19", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491528", "score": "1.1193622", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)", "text": "and won a million pesos in separate instances in 2001. The money tree used in the IBC version is as follows (bold values indicate guaranteed amounts): In April 2009, plugs about the \"comeback\" of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" started airing on TV5. Vic Sotto was announced as the host of the show. A promo is being sponsored by the network in connection to its comeback. On January 9, 2010, Sharon Cuneta, who appeared in the previous incarnation became the first winner of the series after she correctly answered the final question worth ₱2,000,000. The following winner was Karl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12672961", "score": "1.115243", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "which began airing December 18, 2017. Various special editions and tournaments have been conducted which feature celebrities playing the game and donating winnings to charities of their choice. During celebrity editions on the original ABC version, contestants were allowed to receive help from their fellow contestants during the first ten questions. The most successful celebrity contestants throughout the show's run have included Drew Carey, Rosie O'Donnell, Norm Macdonald, and Chip Esten, all of whom won $500,000 for their respective charities. The episode featuring O'Donnell's $500,000 win averaged 36.1 million viewers, the highest number for a single episode of the show.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919983", "score": "1.1051338", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "by Tommy Cody (who became sole producer in the 2009–10 season). The first 65 shuffle format episodes were produced by McPaul Smith, and as of 2011, the title of producer is held by Bryan Lasseter. The network version had Ann Miller and Tiffany Trigg for its supervising producers; they were joined by Wendy Roth in the first two seasons, and by Michael Binkow in the third and final season. After Rubino's promotion to co-executive producer, the syndicated version's later supervising producers included Sirop (2004–09), Geena Gintzig (2009–10), Brent Burnette (2010–12), Geoff Rosen (2012–14), and Liz Harris (2014–16), who currently serves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919950", "score": "1.1028814", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an answer, and have no time limit to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491506", "score": "1.1026359", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown on the South African TV station SABC 3. Earlier the quiz was aired on M-Net, which also lent its logo in the quiz logo. Four seasons of the show were made. There was a project", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12637771", "score": "1.1011672", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "Host in 2001, while Vieira received one in 2005 and another in 2009, making her the second woman to win an Emmy Award for hosting a game show, and the first to win multiple times. \"TV Guide\" ranked the U.S. \"Millionaire\" No. 7 on its 2001 list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time, and later ranked it No. 6 on its 2013 \"60 Greatest Game Shows\" list. GSN ranked \"Millionaire\" No. 5 on its August 2006 list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time, and later honoured the show in January 2007 on its first,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "491548", "score": "1.1004856", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "game without playing a shot - if their opponent double-faulted on every serve, and the player aced each of their own serves, it would allow them to win with just 12 strokes. Based on their findings, the production staff acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but allowed Kennedy to keep the prize money he won by the end of his game. When Judith Keppel's victory as the first UK jackpot winner on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was announced by ITV on the day of that the corresponding episode was to be broadcast, several allegations were made that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919914", "score": "1.0973272", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)", "text": "Millionaire?\" franchise. The original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999, to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013–14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014–15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015. As the first U.S. network game show to offer a million-dollar top prize, the show made television history by becoming one of the highest-rated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919931", "score": "1.094958", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show) Who wants to be a millionaire? is a Nigerian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It first aired on 8 October 2004 and stopped temporarily on the 25th of June, 2017 with hope of coming back soon better and stronger. On 29th August 2017, a deal was secured with Airoplaycare behind the new sponsor after MTN Nigeria pulled out from the game show. Three lifelines were presented at the beginning of the game in order to aid contestants: On September 11, 2009,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12659549", "score": "1.094424", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand", "text": "history after walking away with NZ$250,000, the highest amount of money ever given to a single person on New Zealand television. The show received wide media coverage after the first ever contestant on the show, Courtney Washington, walked away with nothing after incorrectly answering the question about BMW supplying New Zealand's new fleet of ministerial limousines. As in the syndicated United States' version, contestants were selected for the show through a qualifying test instead of the traditional \"Fastest Finger First\" as seen on the British version. Contestants sit in the \"Hot Seat\" and are asked increasingly difficult general knowledge questions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12578011", "score": "1.0889523", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "the Bowens back to tackle a new question, with their original winnings reinstated; the couple chose not to risk the new question, and left with £500,000 for their charity. In September 2001, British Army Major Charles Ingram became a contestant on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", joined by his wife Diana, and a close friend and college lecturer, Tecwen Whittock. After the first day of filming, the group devised a scheme that would allow Ingram to win the £1 million cash prize when he returned for the second day of recording, on 10 September - for each question he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6919919", "score": "1.0873224", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)", "text": "light - a computer error led the player to being fed all the right answers. The cable feeding the player the answers on the computer screen was supposed to be hooked up the presenter's computer. She had noticed that the right answers were constantly highlighted on her computer screen and won the million by this way. Show's producers took the million away from her. Later she was allowed to play again and she won 25,000 baht in her second play-through. Articles about it were written in many TV stations, newspapers and websites (e.g. BBC and Deutsche Welle). There was also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12709329", "score": "1.0846486", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show)", "text": "silver. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12654920", "score": "1.0835853", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand was a New Zealand game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show was hosted by Mike Hosking. The main goal of the game was to win one million New Zealand dollars by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were four \"lifelines\". It was broadcast on the TVNZ station TV ONE. The show was taped in Melbourne, Australia on the set of the Australian version of the show. One contestant, Kristin Castle, made New Zealand television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12578010", "score": "1.0834612", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?", "text": "Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest Finger First\" round. \"Who Wants to Be Rich?\" is broadcast from October 2009 to today. It is shown on the Ghanaian TV station GTV. When a contestant gets the fifth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13878544", "score": "1.0799564", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen", "text": "was about the first man to travel to space twice, and the correct answer to the question was Gus Grissom. They decided not to risk it this time and walked away with the £500,000. This amount is the highest amount that any celebrity couple has won on any British edition of \"Who Wants To Be a Millionaire?\" The £468,000 they originally lost was also the \"greatest loss\" ever seen on the show, and no other contestant has ever answered the final question incorrectly in the United Kingdom version. The allegedly misleading question was \"Translated from the Latin, what is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2058622", "score": "1.0792451", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)", "text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is an Australian television game show which would offer a maximum cash prize of $1,000,000 for answering 15 successive multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty as a team. The show was based on and follows the same general format of the original version of the show from the United Kingdom, and is part of the international \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" franchise. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" Debuted in Australia on 18 April 1999 on the Nine Network and was hosted by Eddie McGuire.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11064860", "score": "1.0775717", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition", "text": "to fruition. The series was hosted by Pamela Wallin. The Canadian version aired on CTV in September 2000. As in the United Kingdom and the United States, contestants tried to answer 15 multiple-choice questions to win CA$1,000,000 (US$750,000) with three lifelines (50:50, Phone-A-Friend, and Ask The Audience) to help them. Contestants were guaranteed $1,000 for correctly answering the fifth question, and $32,000 for the tenth. Bill Shizas was the first contestant on the Canadian show. He won $1,000 after answering his $8,000 question incorrectly. The biggest winner during the show's run was François Dominic Laramée, a writer from Verdun, Quebec.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12670341", "score": "1.0753512", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Judith Keppel", "long_answer": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.", "chunked_long_answer": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.", "short_answers": [ "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel" ] }

[ "Meira Kumar", "Ram Nath Kovind" ]

[ { "title": "Indian presidential election, 2017", "text": "Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured roughly two thirds of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 Indian vice-presidential election", "text": "the same day. The Vice President is elected by an electoral college which includes members of the \"Rajya Sabha\" (the upper house of Indian parliament) and the members of the \"Lok Sabha\" (lower house of the Indian parliament). The nominated members of the mentioned houses are also eligible to vote in the election process. In the election, voting will be done by a secret ballot and the members of parliament will use a \"special pen\" to mark their preference. For the 2017 election, the electoral college consists of A candidate participating in the election needs the support of at least", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19534955", "score": "1.1295972", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2017 Indian vice-presidential election", "text": "2017 Indian vice-presidential election The elections to the next Vice-President of India, were held on 5 August 2017. The announcement was made by the Election Commission of India. Rajya Sabha Secretary-General Shumsher K. Sheriff served as the Returning Officer for the 15th Vice-Presidential election. Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, completed his second term on 10 August 2017. Venkaiah Naidu won the election and took oath as 13th Vice-President of India on 11 August 2017 at Darbar Hall, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi. The Vice President of India is the exofficio chairperson of the \"Rajya Sabha\" (upper house of the Indian parliament) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19534953", "score": "1.1156697", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2017 Indian presidential election", "text": "of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017. There was initial speculation that the incumbent, Pranab Mukherjee, would seek re-election. However, he decided not to run again in 2017, meaning that his term in office ended on 24 July 2017. The President of India is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of parliament, the elected members of the Legislative assemblies of the 29 states and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19479276", "score": "1.0824366", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "eligible citizen from contesting the presidential elections. The conditions are: Whenever the office becomes vacant, the new President is chosen by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of parliament (M.P.s), the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha) of all States and the elected members of the legislative assemblies (MLAs) of two union territories, i.e., National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi and Union Territory of Puducherry. The election process of President is more extensive process than prime minister who is also elected indirectly (not elected by people directly) by the Lok Sabha members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1267997", "score": "1.0581968", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2017 Indian vice-presidential election", "text": "20 electors who would be the proposers of the candidate and needs to get another additional support of at least 20 seconders. The candidate also has to deposit ₹15000 ($233) as a security deposit. Two candidates were nominated for the election. One candidate was nominated by the National Democratic Alliance and another by United Progressive Alliance. Venkaiah Naidu was nominated by National Democratic Alliance. He was the then Minister of Information and Broadcasting and Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation of India. He had also served as a party president of Bharatiya Janata Party. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19534956", "score": "1.0518341", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2017 Indian presidential election", "text": "the President must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. The election is held by means of a secret ballot under the single transferable vote system. The manner of election of President is provided by Article 55 of the Constitution. The returning officer for the election was Anoop Mishra, the Secretary General of Lok Sabha. At the time of the election the NDA coalition itself was short of a majority by about 25,000 votes, but was expected to be able to rely on other parties to breach the small deficit without difficulty. Although", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19479278", "score": "1.0517318", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2017 Indian vice-presidential election", "text": "functions as its speaker. He also assumes the post of the President of India in case a vacancy and stays in the post for a maximum period of six months and performs all the functions of the President. The Vice President also has a term of five years. During the election, the outgoing vice president was Mohammad Hamid Ansari. He was elected to the post in 2007 and re-elected in 2012. His term ended on 10 August 2017. The Election Commission of India announced that the election would be held on 5 August and the result would be declared on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19534954", "score": "1.0221214", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "only. Whereas President being the constitutional head with duties to protect, defend and preserve the constitution and rule of law in a constitutional democracy with constitutional supremacy, is elected in an extensive manner by the members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and state legislative assemblies in a secret ballot procedure. The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of the president must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. Each candidate has to make a security deposit of in the Reserve Bank of India. The security deposit is liable to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1267998", "score": "1.0134878", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2012 Indian vice-presidential election", "text": "term as Vice-President of India. He has presided over the Rajya Sabha with dignity and distinction. The UPA is honoured to nominate him as its candidate for a second term as Vice-President of India. \" Sonia Gandhi, Mulayam Singh Yadav, Bahujan Samaj Party leader Satish Mishra and INCMP Motilal Vora then submitted one set of papers each to Viswanathan in support of Ansari's candidature. Though Mukul Roy of the All India Trinamool Congress had put before the names of Gopalkrishna Gandhi and Krishna Bose, they declined to contest. Ansari was elected as Vice President for a second term, and became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16691004", "score": "1.0046287", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Vice President of India", "text": "would refer the case to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha for deciding it. Article 66 of the Indian Constitution states the manner of election of the Vice-President. The Vice-President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of Proportional Representation by means of the Single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by election commission. Venkaiah Naidu is the Vice President of India. He defeated UPA's candidate Gopalkrishna Gandhi on 5 August 2017 election. As in the case of the President,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3022229", "score": "1.0009807", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ajay Singh (diplomat)", "text": "1989. He was minister of state for railways in the Indian government in 1989 and 1990. On 14 July 2005, he was also appointed as the High Commissioner of India to the Government of Tuvalu. === Ajay Singh elected as the President of All India On 30 March 2013 from 11.00 am to 4.00 pm.The Akhil Bharatiya Jat Maha Sammelan held at Mavalankar Hall in Vitthal Bhai Patel House at Rafi Marg New Delhi. This was venue where earlier historical Akhil Bharatiya Jat Maha Sammelan took place and Ch. Dara Singh was elected President for All India Jat Mahasabha. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9692813", "score": "1.0009745", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Satya Pal Jain", "text": "He was elected as the Dean of the Faculty of Law, Panjab University Chandigarh in December 2007. He was appointed as the election agent of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat and Nezma Heptullah, the NDA's candidates for the election to the office of the President of India and the Vice-President of India, in July 2007. In June 2010, he was nominated as the All India Incharge of the Legal & Legislative Cell of BJP. In February 2011, he was nominated as a Member of the eight-member high-powered BJP Election Reforms Committee formed by Nitin Gadkari, All India President of BJP to comprehensively", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10655336", "score": "0.9921386", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "President of India. The official state car of the president is a custom-built heavily armoured Mercedes Benz S600 (W221) Pullman Guard. The former presidents and spouses of deceased Presidents are eligible for pension, furnished accommodation, security, various allowances, etc. Supreme court shall inquire and decide regarding all \"doubts\" and \"disputes\" arising out of or in connection with the election of a president per of the constitution. supreme court can remove the president for the electoral malpractices or upon being not eligible to be Lok Sabha member under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Subject to Article 71 (3), parliament", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1268003", "score": "0.9908116", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "on the date on which he enters upon his office as President [Article 59(1)]. Article 57 provides that a person who holds, or who has held, office as President shall, subject to the other provisions of this constitution, be eligible for re-election to that office. Under The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952, a candidate to be nominated for the office of president needs 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders for his name to appear on the ballot. Article 56(1) of the constitution provides that the president shall hold office for a term of five years from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1267994", "score": "0.9866471", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2017 Indian vice-presidential election", "text": "the office on 11 August 2017. Of 790 seats in Parliament, 5 seats were vacant during the election. !style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9\" class=\"unsortable\"| !style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9\" align=center|Candidate<br> !style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9\" |Party<br> !style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9\" |Electoral Votes<br> !style=\"background-color:#E9E9E9\" |% of Votes<br> ! colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:left;\"| Total ! style=\"text-align:right;\"|760 ! style=\"text-align:right;\"|100.00 2017 Indian vice-presidential election The elections to the next Vice-President of India, were held on 5 August 2017. The announcement was made by the Election Commission of India. Rajya Sabha Secretary-General Shumsher K. Sheriff served as the Returning Officer for the 15th Vice-Presidential election. Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, completed his second term on 10 August 2017. Venkaiah Naidu won the election", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19534959", "score": "0.9864069", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Politics of India", "text": "five-year term by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament and members of legislative assemblies of the states. The President is eligible for re-elections; however, in India's independent history, only one president has been re-elected, Rajendra Prasad. The President appoints the Prime Minister of India from the party or coalition which commands maximum support of the Lok Sabha, on whose recommendation he/she nominates the other ministers. The President also appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Court. It is on the President's recommendation that the Houses of Parliament meet, and only the president has the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "191178", "score": "0.9851103", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates. These are: In the event that the vice-president, a state governor or a minister is elected President, they are considered to have vacated their previous office on the date they begin serving as President. A member of parliament or of a State Legislature can seek election to the office of the president but if he is elected as President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in parliament or State Legislature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1267993", "score": "0.98469794", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jai Prakash Janta Dal", "text": "leadership went from Jai Narain Prasad Nishad to B.K. Singh in the year 2012. While in the year 2014 keeping the 16th Lok Sabha elections in mind, Pankaj Sahay was elected the National President of the Jai Prakash Janta Dal who is also serving as the current Party President. Pankaj Sahay is the son of veteran Political Leader of Janata Dal Kailashpati Ranjan Sahay who was a close associate of Jayaprakash Narayan and V.P. Singh the 7th Prime Minister of India and is known for his active role in the popular JP Movement which took place in Bihar in 1974.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18040742", "score": "0.98440605", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Roji M John", "text": "to be elected to the post after Rahul Gandhi introduced the system of election of office bearers. He won the election with 36 of 62 office bearers of NSUI voting in his favour. The 34 state presidents and 28 national office bearers of NSUI across the country, who had the voting right, were a part of election process. In 2016 Roji was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Kerala from Angamaly Roji M John Roji M John (; is an Indian politician from Ernakulam, Kerala and a member of the Indian National Congress. Roji was elected as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19526205", "score": "0.98378676", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sansad Ratna Award", "text": "MPs Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, Gajanan Babar, Shivaji Adhalrao Patil, S. Ramasubbu and Rama Devi received the Awards from N. Gopalaswami, former Chief Election Commissioner of India. On 11 July 2015, 6th Edition of Award ceremony was held at Indian Institute of Technology Madras to honour the top performing Lok Sabha Members of 15th Lok Sabha and 16th Lok Sabha (up to 4th Session). Dr. Justice A. R. Lakshmanan, Former Judge of Supreme Court of India and Chairman of Law Commission of India presented the Awards. Anandrao Adsul, Hansraj Gangaram Ahir and Arjun Ram Meghwal were honoured with 'Sansad Maha Ratna'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17436785", "score": "0.98043704", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Sharad Pawar", "text": "a candidate for the June 2017 Indian presidential election. In 1999, after the 12th Lok Sabha was dissolved and elections to the 13th Lok Sabha were called, Pawar, P. A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar demanded that the Congress party needed to propose someone native-born as the prime ministerial candidate and not the Italian-born Sonia Gandhi, who had entered party politics and replaced Kesri as Congress president. In June 1999, Pawar and Sangma founded the Nationalist Congress Party. This new party had to align with the Congress party to form a coalition government in Maharashtra, as neither party could win an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2423350", "score": "0.97879285", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2018 Indian Rajya Sabha elections", "text": "are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018. From Maharashtra State, 6 members are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018. From Odisha State, 3 members are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 3 April 2018. From Rajasthan State, 3 members are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 3 April 2018. From Telangana State, 3 members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20303344", "score": "0.9787872", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2018 Indian Rajya Sabha elections", "text": "members are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018. From Bihar State, 6 members are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018. From Chhattisgarh State, 1 member is elected for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seat on 23 March 2018, to replace member retiring on 2 April 2018. From Gujarat State, 4 members are elected unopposed for the \"Rajya Sabha\" seats on 15 March 2018, to replace members retiring on 2 April 2018. From Haryana State, 1 member", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20303342", "score": "0.9736993", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "India. However, later, V.V Giri resigned from both posts (Acting President of India and Vice-President of India) as he became a candidate in the 1969 Presidential election in India. In this event, the then Chief Justice of India, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah served as the acting President of India until the next President was elected. The President's role as defender of the constitution and the powers as Head of State, especially in relation to those exercised by the prime minister as leader of the government, have changed over time. In particular, Presidents have made a number of interventions into government and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1268011", "score": "0.97363997", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2017 Indian presidential election", "text": "the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. As of 2017, the electoral college comprises 777 MPs and 4,120 MLAs. The system assigns varying numbers of votes to these electoral college members, such that the total weight of MPs and those of MLAs is roughly equal and that the voting power of states and territories are proportional to their population. Overall the members of the electoral college were eligible to cast 1,098,903 votes, yielding a threshold for a majority of 549,452 votes. The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19479277", "score": "0.97311336", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi", "text": "Singh, former Presidents A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, Vice President Hamid Ansari, Congress president Sonia Gandhi were among those who participated. Chief Ministers of all states in India were invited to attend the event. Among them, the Chief Minister of Karnataka, Siddaramaiah (INC) and Chief Minister of Kerala, Oommen Chandy (INC) could not attend the ceremony due to their prior engagements though they gave their best wishes. Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, J. Jayalalithaa (AIADMK), whose party had won the third highest number of seats in the election also declined to attend the event, while Chief Minister", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18064998", "score": "0.97189", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Swapan Dasgupta", "text": "and Toubro as a nominee of the Unit Trust of India. Dasgupta's appointment to this post has given rise to some controversy. He resigned from the position prior to being elected to the Rajya Sabha. In April, 2016, Dasgupta was nominated by the President of India Pranab Mukherjee to the Rajya Sabha. His term would continue till 2022. In spite of being perceived to be close to the Bharatiya Janata Party, he has not joined the party and remains an independent member in the Rajya Sabha. He is married to Reshmi Dasgupta, Lifestyle Editor at The Economic Times, and they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7120842", "score": "0.97008073", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Delhi University Students' Union", "text": "student political activity. Since 1954 gajraj bahadur nagar won 1 president of DUSU, dusu known fr politics and studyU. Rajat chaudhary is the winner of election 2017Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad. Arul Chauhan, a final year student from Satyawati evening college, was the face for president post from AISA. Aditya Baibhav, student pursuing Master of Arts from the North campus, contested for the post of Vice-President. Jaishree from Kirori Mal College (KMC) was nominated for the post of Secretary and Akash Gupta, LLB student from law faculty was nominated for Joint Secretary. Although the RSS backed Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarti Parishad (ABVP),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10762566", "score": "0.9688606", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "2016 Indian Rajya Sabha elections", "text": "2016 Indian Rajya Sabha elections Rajya Sabha elections were held in India on March 14, and June 11, 2016, to elect 13 and 57 members of the Rajya Sabha respectively. The election of March 14, 2016 was held to elect 13 members for duration of 6 years from 6 states to the Rajya Sabha. The seats in following states were up for election with terms of sitting members ending as: Assam - 2 seats, Himachal Pradesh - 1 seat, Kerala - 3 seats, Tripura - 1 seat all term ending on 2 April 201; Nagaland - 1 seat with term", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19887502", "score": "0.96852744", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "Indian presidential election, 2017", "long_answer": "Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured roughly two thirds of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured roughly two thirds of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017.", "short_answers": [ "Meira Kumar", "Ram Nath Kovind" ] }

[ "Bobby Scott", "Bob Russell" ]

[ { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "\"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is a popular music ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been covered by many artists in subsequent years. The Hollies' and Rufus Wainwright's versions of the song were featured in the film Zoolander.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Justice Collective", "text": "Newcastle United. It was then decided that a re-recording of \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" would be made by various artists including The Justice Tonight Band and released as the charity single. Keith Mullen of The Farm recruited Guy Chambers to produce the single and with Chambers offering free use of his Sleeper Studios to record the song. On 25 October, Steve Rotheram, Guy Chambers and Kenny Dalglish announced plans of the single to be recorded by various artists. In 2012, The Justice Collective recorded a new version of \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\", a popular music ballad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16988013", "score": "1.2055593", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "United. It was then decided that a re-recording of this song by various artists including The Justice Tonight Band would be released as the charity single. Keith Mullen of The Farm recruited Guy Chambers to produce the single and with Chambers offering free use of his Sleeper Studios to record the song. On 25 October 2012, Steve Rotheram, Guy Chambers and Kenny Dalglish announced plans of the single to be recorded by various artists such as Robbie Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, Paloma Faith, Beverley Knight, Melanie Chisholm, Holly Johnson, Mick Jones, Glen Campbell, Peter Hooton, Chris Sharrock, Glenn Tilbrook, Ren Harvieu,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637545", "score": "1.1714256", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "on the Hot 100 on 7 November 1970 (UNI Records, 55264, length 4:09). The flip side was \"Free Life\". The song appears on the Neil Diamond album \"Tap Root Manuscript\", which was released November 1970. The song was played by KGB-AM radio, San Diego, California, in late 1970, prior to the then-new Walk for Mankind, in dedication to those who would be walking for donations that day. Bill Medley recorded a version for the soundtrack of the film \"Rambo III\". It was released as a single in the UK and peaked at #25, being in the chart the same time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637542", "score": "1.170079", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Father", "text": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Father He Ain't Heavy, He's My Father, also known as He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother (新難兄難弟), is a 1993 Hong Kong comedy-drama film directed by Peter Chan and Lee Chi-ngai and starring Tony Leung Ka-fai, Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Carina Lau, Anita Yuen and Lawrence Cheng. The title is a pun of \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\", a hit single for The Hollies in 1969 and for Neil Diamond in 1970. Yuen scorns his father, who he thinks is too generous and forgiving. Through a flashback/time travel gimmick, Yuen meets his parents during their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12780067", "score": "1.1269705", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "as best she could a boy younger, but it seemed almost as big as she herself, when one remarked to her how heavy he must be for her to carry, when instantly came the reply: 'He's na heavy. He's mi brither.'\" The first editor of \"Kiwanis\" magazine, Roe Fulkerson, published a column in September 1924 carrying the title \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\", the first use of the phrase exactly as it is rendered in the song title. In the 1940s, the words, adapted as \"He ain't heavy, Father, he's my brother\", were taken as a slogan for Boys", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637539", "score": "1.1225526", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Joker Is Wild (album)", "text": "John Martin on the far left. Leslie Harvey, brother of Alex Harvey, plays guitar on this session. \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is not a tribute to Leslie, who was electrocuted on stage at the Swansea Top Rank Ballroom on 3 May 1972 while playing with Stone The Crows. Alex recorded this song because he used to hang out with members of The Hollies in the 1960s. Jim Condron and George Butler were members of Harvey's flower-power band Giant Moth in 1967. Although they never recorded under this name, they did release two singles for Decca under Alex's own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10713511", "score": "1.1036909", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "Town children's home by founder Father Edward Flanagan. The Hollies' recording, which featured Elton John on piano, was released in the UK on 1 September 1969 and on 1 December 1969 in the US. It reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 7 in the US. The song, paired with rarity \"Carrie\", was re-released in late 1988 in the UK following its use in a television advertisement for Miller Lite beer. It reached the No. 1 spot in the UK chart for two weeks in September 1988. Neil Diamond's version of the song, recorded for his \"Tap Root Manuscript\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637540", "score": "1.0857", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "person only three times, they managed to collaborate on the song. In 1884, James Wells, Moderator of the United Free Church of Scotland, in his book \"The Parables of Jesus\" tells the story of a little girl carrying a big baby boy. Seeing her struggling, someone asked if she wasn't tired. With surprise she replied: \"No, he's not heavy; he's my brother.\" In a 1918 publication by Ralph Waldo Trine titled \"The Higher Powers of Mind and Spirit\", he relates the following anecdote: \"Do you know that incident in connection with the little Scottish girl? She was trudging along, carrying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637538", "score": "1.0810952", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "album, went to No. 20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in late 1970. The Osmonds covered the song on their 1970 album, \"Osmonds\", as well as on the B-side of their chart-topper \"One Bad Apple\". The song is a staple at their concerts. Olivia Newton-John included the song on her 1975 album \"Clearly Love\", and it was released as the B-side of the single \"Let It Shine\" in January 1976. The single went to number one on the US Easy Listening (adult contemporary) chart and number thirty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The Neil Diamond version entered at #68", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637541", "score": "1.0796633", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "as the Hollies' version in 1988. In 2012, a version of the song was recorded, and was released on 17 December 2012, by musicians and celebrities going under the name The Justice Collective, for various charities associated with the Hillsborough disaster. The song went on to take the coveted Christmas number one position for 2012 on the UK Singles Chart, beating \"The X Factor\" winner James Arthur, who was number one the previous week. After the News International phone hacking scandal, members of The Farm along with Pete Wylie and Mick Jones of The Clash performed at an anti-\"The Sun\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637543", "score": "1.0659537", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "concert at the Liverpool Olympia in September 2011. Following this they formed The Justice Tonight Band and toured the United Kingdom and Europe for the next year in order to raise awareness of the Hillsborough Justice Campaign. Initially, the idea was to re-release the 2009 single \"The Fields of Anfield Road\" by The Liverpool Collective featuring The Kop Choir; however, this idea was rejected by Peter Hooton as only a relatively small number of people would buy it. Inspired by Everton's Hillsborough tribute on 17 September 2012, the song was played at Goodison Park prior to their match against Newcastle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5637544", "score": "1.0254931", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Peter Howarth", "text": "Top\". In 2014 he performed \"He Ain't Heavy - He's My Brother\" at Goodison Park to mark 25 years since the football disaster in Hillsborough. Peter Howarth co-wrote the West End musical, \"Robin, Prince of Sherwood\", with 10cc guitarist Rick Fenn, which was commissioned and produced by Bill Kenwright. He also wrote songs with Fenn under the name 'Circle of 4'. They published a CD album called \"and still I fly...\" featuring 12 original songs. He sang backing vocals on the AOR album by Giant: \"Last of the Runaways\", released in 1989. The single \"I'll see you in my dreams\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8839772", "score": "1.0069367", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle", "text": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the fifth episode of series 7, and was first broadcast on 27 January 1991. The title of the episode is derived from the song \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\". In the episode, Uncle Albert comes home claiming to have been mugged and, thinking he's become a burden, decides to leave Nelson Mandela House. There is an over-60s night happening at the \"Nag's Head\", and Albert wants to dance with Marlene's mother, Dora Lane. Meanwhile,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9536114", "score": "0.99305576", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "1988 in British music", "text": "television advertisement for Miller Lite beer used the 1969 song \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" by The Hollies, which became a number 1 in September 19 years after its original release, and an advert for Coca-Cola gave Robin Beck a number 1 with the ballad \"First Time\". Film and Television actress Patsy Kensit, a teenager in 1988, also reached the Top 10 this year in the band Eighth Wonder. Their Pet Shop Boys-produced UK debut \"I'm Not Scared\" slowly climbed up the Top 40 and peaked at number 7 in May. The band were more popular in Italy and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9397736", "score": "0.98623276", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Bud Green", "text": "(1914 – 1970), who wrote \"Brazil\", \"Frenesi\", \"Don't Get Around Much Anymore\", \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" and many other songs. In his early career, he wrote material for vaudevilles. He was a staff writer for music publishers and wrote Broadway stage scores as well as songs for other musicals. By 1928, he had written \"Alabamy Bound\" and \"That's My Weakness Now\", which became a huge hit for Ukulele Ike and Helen Kane. Kane's version including the suggestive scat phrase \"boop boop ba doo.\" This line and Kane's stage persona made the song synonymous with the flapper era. Kane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8626860", "score": "0.9831822", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Impossible (Shontelle song)", "text": "winner Alexandra Burke (\"Hallelujah\"). On 31 December, it was announced that the track had finished 2012 as the fifth highest-selling single. By February 2013, it had become the second best selling \"The X Factor\" winner's single with 1.25 million copies sold. To date, it has sold over 1.4 million copies in the UK, overtaking Alexandra Burke's \"Hallelujah\" to become the best-selling winners single ever. Arthur's version of \"Impossible\" was also the best-selling single of 2012 in the Republic of Ireland, where it became the 2012 Christmas number one, with \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" peaking at number four. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14223436", "score": "0.980595", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Guy Chambers", "text": "Dalglish called a press conference in the Houses of Parliament to announce the release of the charity single \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" – a cover of the Hollies track which was aiming to raise funds and awareness for the campaign for justice for the Hillsborough families who lost 96 loved ones in the football disaster of 1989. Artists featured on the single included: Paul McCartney, Mick Jones, Robbie Williams, Paloma Faith, Beverley Knight, Pete Wylie, Holly Johnson, Dave McCabe, Ren Harvieu, Paul Heaton, Hollie Cook, Jon McClure, John Power, Gerry Marsden, Rebecca Ferguson, Paul Heaton, Shane MacGowan, Melanie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4047256", "score": "0.9786258", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle", "text": "Albert confidently boasts about how he will beat them all. In a rage, Del attempts to hit Albert, but Rodney restrains him. He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the fifth episode of series 7, and was first broadcast on 27 January 1991. The title of the episode is derived from the song \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\". In the episode, Uncle Albert comes home claiming to have been mugged and, thinking he's become a burden, decides to leave Nelson Mandela", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9536122", "score": "0.97717947", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Father", "text": "joyous courtship. Yuen comes to understand and admire his dad, and reflect on his own moral defects. There was a 2009 TVB Adaption of the film taking place in 2008 and then the 1960s. The father of the main character is played by Sunny Chan while the main character is played by Ron Ng. He Ain't Heavy, He's My Father He Ain't Heavy, He's My Father, also known as He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother (新難兄難弟), is a 1993 Hong Kong comedy-drama film directed by Peter Chan and Lee Chi-ngai and starring Tony Leung Ka-fai, Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Carina Lau,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12780068", "score": "0.95562685", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Hollies", "text": "commercial (for Miller Lite lager) in the summer of 1988, \"He Ain't Heavy\" was reissued in the UK and reached No.1, thus establishing a new record for the length of time between chart-topping singles for one artist of 23 years (the Hollies' only previous UK No.1 having been 1965's I'm Alive). By this time bassist Ray Stiles, formerly a member of 1970s chart-topping glam rock group Mud, had joined the permanent line-up. 1988 also saw the release of compilation album \"All the Hits & More: The Definitive Collection\" which charted in the UK. In 1993 the Hollies had their 30th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2638125", "score": "0.94809294", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "He Ain't No Competition", "text": "\"Get Even\" (from which the track is taken) had by the time of the release of the single already been released in Japan. It was repackaged for its release in the rest of the world, including the two SAW-produced tracks, and omitting two of the band's self-penned songs from the original release. This version was released in November 1988, and the album was also a top 10 hit. He Ain't No Competition \"He Ain't No Competition\" is a 1988 single released by British boyband Brother Beyond. It reached No.6 in the UK charts in September 1988. The song was written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19426619", "score": "0.94444466", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "He Ain't No Competition", "text": "He Ain't No Competition \"He Ain't No Competition\" is a 1988 single released by British boyband Brother Beyond. It reached No.6 in the UK charts in September 1988. The song was written by its three producers, the Stock Aitken Waterman trio. The song is considered the followup to the highly commercially successful \"The Harder I Try\". The band had felt they wanted to move away from the poppy sound of \"The Harder I Try\", so they adopted novel techniques to develop this new sound blending elements of jazz fusion and hip hop, overdubbed with synthesized pop focus. Brother Beyond's album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19426618", "score": "0.9425555", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Allan Clarke (singer)", "text": "and Bobby Elliott (replacing Don Rathbone on drums). In 1966, Bernie Calvert replaced Haydock as bass guitarist. Clarke was The Hollies' original lead singer, but also played occasional guitar and harmonica. In the UK, they enjoyed 30 chart singles, plus two further chart entries with re-releases, 17 of which made the Top 10, with two – \"I'm Alive\" (1965) and \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" (1988 re-issue) – reaching No. 1. In the US charts they achieved 23 chart singles, six of which hit the Top 10. Many of the group's songs were co-written by Clarke, usually with Nash", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7265956", "score": "0.9382433", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Steve Rotheram", "text": "issue an apology on behalf of the government, which he later did. Rotheram was the chief organiser of a charity single designed to raise funds to cover the legal costs of the Hillsborough families which attracted the attention of the award-winning music producer Guy Chambers. In September 2012, along with members of The Farm, Mick Jones, and former Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish, Rotheram arranged for a number of artists to record a cover of \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" as \"The Justice Collective\", in an attempt to reach the coveted Christmas number one. The cover included contributions from artists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14491790", "score": "0.9203459", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Dave Lewis (Northern Irish musician)", "text": "\"He Ain't Heavy He's My Brother\" and \"Taste of Honey\" fame. During this period Lewis also made a private pressing of 500 copies of a promotional album in 1970 entitled \"The Songs of David Lewis\" which was never intended for general release, it was simply a vehicle to showcase his songs. After Andwella split up Lewis pursued a solo career as a singer-songwriter. In May 1975 he supported Don McLean at a concert in London's Hyde Park in front of an audience of 85,000. That same year, he also toured with Fairport Convention playing to packed audiences all over the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17504219", "score": "0.9194982", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hollies Sing Hollies", "text": "single by the same name, while omitting the tracks \"Soldier's Dilemma\" and \"Marigold: Gloria Swansong\". The UK album did not chart, but its U.S. version peaked at #32. The US version of \"Hollies Sing Hollies\" was renamed He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother with a different full cover art, and was released in December 1969 by Epic Records. It included the hit single \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" and omitted two tracks from the UK version, \"Soldier's Dilemma\" and \"Marigold: Gloria Swansong\" (the second was saved for their next US album, \"Moving Finger\"). Hollies Sing Hollies Hollies Sing Hollies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13353939", "score": "0.9181044", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Hollies Sing Hollies", "text": "Hollies Sing Hollies Hollies Sing Hollies is the ninth studio album released in the UK by The Hollies. It was released in November 1969 by Parlophone, their second album that year coming 6 months after an entire album of Bob Dylan covers. It was their first album of original compositions since the departure of Graham Nash and the second album by The Hollies to feature Terry Sylvester, on rhythm guitar and first to feature Terry Sylvester compositions as well as an instrumental composition by bassist Bernie Calvert. The U.S. version, titled \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\", included the hit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13353938", "score": "0.91511816", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Hollies", "text": "the piano playing of Elton John; it reached No.3 in the UK in October 1969, and No.7 in the US in March 1970. The next album \"Hollies Sing Hollies\" did not chart in the UK, but did well in the USA—where it reached No.32 after being retitled \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" and including that song—and in Canada. The Hollies' next single, \"I Can't Tell the Bottom from the Top\", again featured the young Elton John on piano and reached UK No.7 in May 1970, charting in twelve countries. The UK hits continued with \"Gasoline Alley Bred\" (written by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2638110", "score": "0.91369677", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Imhotep Gary Byrd", "text": "from Kurtis Blow’s \"Feelin Good\" to \"I Cry\" for Millie Jackson, which have been sampled dozens of times by a long list of Hip Hop artists including 50 Cent, Nas and several others. Byrd wrote, performed and released his own first single \"Every Brother Ain’t a Brother\" on Real Thing Records after demand for the original poem from his WWRL overnight radio audience, on his overnight show \"The GBE: The Gary Byrd Experience.\" As an artist on RCA Records in the 1970s, Byrd also recorded his first album \"Presenting The Gary Byrd Experience.\" And, later the single \"Soul Traveling\" with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15666884", "score": "0.91083324", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "long_answer": "\"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is a popular music ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been covered by many artists in subsequent years. The Hollies' and Rufus Wainwright's versions of the song were featured in the film Zoolander.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is a popular music ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been covered by many artists in subsequent years. The Hollies' and Rufus Wainwright's versions of the song were featured in the film Zoolander.", "short_answers": [ "Bob Russell", "Bobby Scott" ] }

[ "1977" ]

[ { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devoted to solving the mystery of lupus, one of the world’s cruelest, most unpredictable and devastating diseases, while giving caring support to those who suffer from its brutal impact. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus through programs of research, education, support and advocacy.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "nearly 9 million people through their website annually. The Lupus Foundation of America and its network of lupus activists across the country have worked diligently to stimulate more than $66 million in federal and state funds for lupus research and education programs. The organization works daily with the United States Congress, federal government agencies and state legislatures to make biomedical research and innovation for lupus a priority. The Foundation’s activists successfully stimulated more than $90 million in new funding for lupus research and education programs since 2004. The Foundation stimulated $28 in federal lupus research and education for every $1", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10278059", "score": "1.3262702", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "a charitable organization with tax-exempt status granted under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Foundation is a BBB Accredited Charity and highly rated by Charity Navigator. The Lupus Foundation of America’s National Research Program is focused on identifying the causes of lupus, accelerating development of new treatments and finding cures. It employs a three-pronged approach to advancing the science and medicine of lupus - lead efforts to improve lives today and find cures, fund direct grants to researchers in medical institutions across the U.S. to advance the lupus research field, and advocate for new money and expanded resources", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10278055", "score": "1.3254836", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "invested in advocacy. The Foundation’s signature fundraising program, \"Walk to End Lupus Now\"™, has events in more than 60 communities and 70,000 participants, generating visibility, public understanding and support for people with lupus. Money raised is used to support lupus research, education and advocacy programs that serve to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus. The Foundation’s multi-media campaign, KNOW LUPUS, continues to educate people about lupus and its impact, has resulted in more than $31 million in donated media and 839 million impressions. Lupus Foundation of America The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10278060", "score": "1.2900302", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "from the biggest funders in research-the federal government and the pharmaceutical and biotech industry. The Lupus Foundation of America’s Center for Clinical Trials Education also provides a comprehensive search tool for clinical trials, points to consider before participating in a clinical trial and a guide to clinical research terms. The Foundation’s direct grant programs, combined with their advocacy efforts, have led to a total investment of $80 million for lupus research and education. The Foundation provides answers to questions and gives caring support to people with lupus and their loved ones. The organization works with lupus experts to answer questions,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10278056", "score": "1.2830896", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Alliance for Lupus Research", "text": "Alliance for Lupus Research The Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR) is an American voluntary health organization based in New York City whose mission is to find better treatments and ultimately prevent and cure systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus), a debilitating autoimmune disease, through supporting medical research. It was co-founded by philanthropist Woody Johnson, who is also the organization's chairman. As of 2013 the ALR's cumulative research commitment was $81,000,000. The Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR) was founded in 1999 and is chaired by Woody Johnson, a member of the founding family of Johnson & Johnson and owner of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11267489", "score": "1.2659696", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jeannie Deakyne", "text": "2005 Mrs. International Pageant in Chicago, Illinois. She competed as Mrs. Texas in the U.S. Beauties National Pageant in Chicago, Illinois bringing home the crown to Texas on March 16, 2008. As Mrs. U.S. Beauties, Deakyne works in conjunction with the Lupus Foundation of America the National Spokesperson for their “Living with Lupus” program, promoting Research, Education, Awareness, Communication, and Health Care as it relates to Lupus. The LFA is the nation’s leading nonprofit voluntary health organization dedicated to Lupus. Through its over 300 chapters worldwide, branches and support groups, the LFA conducts programs of research, education and advocacy. Deakyne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12065141", "score": "1.2441334", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "provide tools, resources and referrals to doctors who treat lupus, and help guide all those affected by lupus toward a better quality of life. In 2016, the Foundation conducted a National Needs Assessment on Lupus to take a broad, yet in-depth look at the very specific needs and wants of the diverse lupus patient, caregiver and health care professional communities. In response, the Foundation created the National Resource Center on Lupus – a one-stop resource for all things lupus. The National Resource Center on Lupus aims to connect, empower and educate those whose lives are impacted by lupus by providing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10278057", "score": "1.2310529", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "trustworthy, reliable and high-quality resources, programs and emotional support services. The Foundation also developed more than 600 medically-reviewed resources in English and Spanish about all aspects of lupus. New content is added on a regular basis developed in response to the needs of the lupus community. Children and teens with the disease can find specialized content created just for them based on their input and unique perspectives. . Through their National Health Educator Call Center and programs conducted by their National Network, the organization provides direct education, support and referrals for more than 40,000 people. They also provide information to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10278058", "score": "1.1827306", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Woody Johnson", "text": "led efforts on Capitol Hill and at the National Institutes of Health to increase research funding for these diseases, and personally contributed to causes related to diabetes, after his daughter, Casey, was diagnosed with the disease. He started a research foundation, the Alliance for Lupus Research, after his daughter Jaime was found to have lupus. On January 18, 2000, Johnson purchased the Jets for $635 million, the third-highest price for a professional sports team and the highest for one in New York. Johnson, who also owns courtside seats to the New York Knicks, outbid the $612 million offered by Charles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4190481", "score": "1.1826574", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Alliance for Lupus Research", "text": "New York Jets. The organizations's fundraising efforts include committing money to lupus research and charity walk-a-thons under the \"Walk with Us to Cure Lupus\" program, which raises funds and public awareness of the disease. The hallmark of ALR's operations are an emphasis on multidisciplinary science. A keen focus on research that can be moved quickly from the laboratory to a patient's bedside. Research funded by the ALR has included the 2008 International SLE Genetics Consortium (SLEGEN), which identified several genes associated with lupus. The Alliance for Lupus Research has given more money to lupus research than any non-governmental agency in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11267490", "score": "1.1553137", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation", "text": "their own lupus research. The collection includes DNA, sera, plasma, and data from systemic lupus patients, first degree relatives, and healthy volunteers. Study participation involves completing paperwork and donating a one-time blood sample. In 1956, OMRF established its Sir Alexander Fleming Scholar Program, a summer research training program for Oklahoma high school and college students. Since then, more than 400 students have been named Fleming Scholars. OMRF’s Foundation Scholar Program provides Oklahoma’s high school science teachers with novel tools and instructional techniques to take back to their classrooms. Founded in 1988, the program has since trained more than 75 educators.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5835721", "score": "1.1305126", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation", "text": "therapy for children suffering from life-threatening blood-clotting complications. OMRF’s largest research program is dedicated to the study and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases Autoimmune disease. Led by physician-researchers Judith A. James Robert Scofield and Morris Reichlin this group has identified antibodies that appear in the blood years before the clinical onset of lupus. They also are studying the role a common virus may play in triggering lupus. Their work led the National Institutes of Health to establish the Lupus Family Registry and Repository at OMRF. The LFRR is a resource that scientists worldwide can use in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5835720", "score": "1.1298643", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Terri H. Finkel", "text": "Foundation, Henry Kunkel Society, the Lupus Foundation of America and the Pediatric AIDS Foundation. In 1999, Finkel was recruited by the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to be their Division Chief of Rheumatology, and was an endowed professor of Pediatric Rheumatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. She was attracted to the job as her grandmother had died from rheumatic fever, and Finkel wanted to ensure other people would not suffer similar effects. In 2011, she was recruited by the Nemours Foundation to lead the construction of Nemours Children's Hospital, where she focuses on personalized medicine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19600688", "score": "1.1296691", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Alliance for Lupus Research", "text": "the world. As of 2015 the ALR's cumulative research commitment was over $100,000,000. making it the largest lupus research organization and the only organization the funds lupus biomedical research internationally. One hundred percent of all donations from the public including donations in support of the \"Walk with Us to Cure Lupus\" program go directly to research programs because the ALR Board of directors funds all administrative and fundraising costs. ALR uses a peer review system to make all funding decisions. Alliance for Lupus Research The Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR) is an American voluntary health organization based in New York", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11267491", "score": "1.1202066", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Hibbs Lupus Trust", "text": "for free. It also provides information about lupus and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness of the disease and influencing public policy. The Hibbs Lupus Trust was founded in 2011 by John Hibbs, whose sister Viki was diagnosed with lupus in 2008. In 2014 The Hibbs Lupus Trust set up the UK's first annual lupus walk to celebrate World Lupus Day. In August 2015 The Hibbs Lupus Trust changed its 'colour' to purple in a bid to unite lupus organisations around the world and raise greater awareness. The Hibbs Lupus Trust mission is to: The Hibbs Lupus Trust provides a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19006083", "score": "1.1025057", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Michael D. Lockshin", "text": "for U.S. government research funding in the fields of rheumatology and dermatology. He also served as Senior Advisor to the Director at the NIH's Clinical Center. Dr. Lockshin received the Lupus Foundation of America's 2012 National Leadership Award for Lupus Medical Advancement and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the New York Arthritis Foundation in 2008. He was named a master of the American College of Rheumatology in 2003 and a Research Hero of the Arthritis Foundation in 2001. He is an honorary faculty member of Alpha Omega Alpha. Dr. Lockshin has served on numerous study sections and \"ad hoc\" committees", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12799289", "score": "1.1010385", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases", "text": "lupus. Among other provisions, the bill called for information and education programs. December 2001—The Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance, Research, and Education Amendments of 2001, or the MD-CARE Act (P.L. 107-84), called on several components of the NIH, including the NIAMS, to enhance research on muscular dystrophy, including establishing Centers of Excellence. February 2003—The Omnibus Appropriations Act for FY 2003 (P.L. 108-7) directed Office of the Secretary, HHS, to establish a Federal working group on lupus for the purpose of exchanging information and coordinating Federal efforts regarding lupus research and education initiatives. NIAMS led this Federal working group. The group has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2838407", "score": "1.0825897", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Hibbs Lupus Trust", "text": "The Hibbs Lupus Trust The Hibbs Lupus Trust is a lupus awareness and patient support charity in the United Kingdom, formed on 11 October 2011 by the Hibbs Family and is run entirely by volunteers. The Hibbs Lupus Trust gained full charity status with the Charity Commission in June 2012. It also a member of The Fundraising Standards Board. The Hibbs Lupus Trust's work is entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. There is no membership to The Hibbs Lupus Trust, all of its services and support are provided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19006082", "score": "1.0777123", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jada Pinkett Smith", "text": "School for the Arts in memory of her friend Tupac Shakur. When Pinkett Smith's aunt, Karen Banfield Evans, was diagnosed with lupus, the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation, in association with the Lupus Foundation of America and Maybelline, held the first annual \"Butterflies Over Hollywood\" event on September 29, 2007, at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles. The event raised funds for LFA public and professional educational programs. The Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation was presented with an award in 2007 at the 4th Annual Lupus Foundation of America Awards. In 2012, on behalf of PETA, Pinkett", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1787487", "score": "1.0730447", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System", "text": "personalized care with robust research efforts. The Center's other physicians include medical director Fotios Koumpouras, MD; Amy Kao, MD, MPH; Mary Chester Wasko, MD, MSc; Elliott Goldberg, MD; Angela Stupi, MD; and Anisha Dua, MD. The Center's physicians and scientists have been instrumental in conducting research to improve lupus diagnosis and treatment practices. Their efforts yielded a new combination of blood tests designed to check for the five biomarkers that can most help physicians rule in the diagnosis of lupus while ruling out related rheumatic disorders. The AVISE-SLE test became commercially available across the United States in early 2012. Physicians", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11298304", "score": "1.0690976", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System", "text": "Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System The Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System, based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a comprehensive care center and regional referral center for the treatment and study of lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and related disease. In 2001, Susan Manzi, MD, and Joseph Ahearn, MD, founded Pittsburgh's first center dedicated solely to the treatment of lupus at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. In 2010, Drs. Manzi and Ahearn brought their team of experts to West Penn Allegheny Health System, creating a leading center for lupus care that blends comprehensive,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11298303", "score": "1.066601", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System", "text": "living with rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue. Lupus Center of Excellence physicians also have appointments to advisory committees of the Food and Drug Administration, Alliance for Lupus Research, the Lupus Foundation of America, the American College of Rheumatology and the Arthritis Foundation. The Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System offers care in four outpatient settings: West Penn Hospital in Bloomfield, Allegheny General Hospital-Federal North Building, Allegheny General Hospital-McCandless, and Cranberry. Lupus Center of Excellence at West Penn Allegheny Health System The Lupus Center of Excellence at West", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11298306", "score": "1.0571094", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Eduardo Xol", "text": "a national level. Eduardo has worked with the Lupus Foundation of America to increase public awareness as part of the Band Together for Lupus Campaign. An avid supporter of the Lupus Foundation, Eduardo has been committed to this particular cause as his sister Monica has been living with lupus for the past ten years. He recently created a garden oasis for his sister as part of his web-series for Hayneedle. Eduardo has been an avid supporter of the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) over the years and has shot public service announcements as a part of the “Be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12213807", "score": "1.0506986", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Systemic lupus erythematosus", "text": "the disease led to a third paper, published in 1903, documenting afflictions such as arthritis, pneumonia, the inability to form coherent ideas, delirium, and central nervous system damage as all affecting patients diagnosed with SLE. The modern period, beginning in 1920, saw major developments in research into the cause and treatment of discoid and systemic lupus. Research conducted in the 1920s and 1930s led to the first detailed pathologic descriptions of lupus and demonstrated how the disease affected the kidney, heart, and lung tissue. A major breakthrough was made in 1948 with the discovery of the LE cell (the lupus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12886823", "score": "1.0493362", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Jennifer Lerner", "text": "policy problems especially in decisions involving health, national security, and economic prosperity. An award-winning teacher, she founded and directs the Leadership Decision Making program within Harvard Kennedy School's executive education program. Lerner was diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus at the age of 16. She is an advocate for people with disabilities, especially children with chronic disease. Lerner received her B.A. in psychology from the University of Michigan Honors College in 1990. She received her M.A and Ph.D. in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1994 and 1998, respectively. Her postdoctoral fellowship through a National Institutes of Health National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13864934", "score": "1.0403645", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Robert G. Lahita", "text": "Lahita is the editor of the standard textbook Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (5th edition). and the Senior Editor of the Textbook of Autoimmune Diseases Lahita is the Associate Editor of Lupus, An International Journal and was co-editor of the Yearbook of Rheumatology (out of print). He is the author of four books for the general public, Lupus, Q&A; Everything You Need to Know, The Arthritis Solution Rheumatoid Arthritis: Everything You Need to Know and Women and Autoimmune Disease; The Mysterious Way the Body Betrays Itself On September 11, 2001, Lahita triaged and treated those involved in the disaster that were transported", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20839449", "score": "1.0253793", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Tessanne Chin", "text": "Down\" to encourage attendees to replace poor families’ dilapidated huts in Ganthier, Haiti with safe, permanent houses. Tessanne joined the Lupus Foundation of America and performed at their annual event in Washington on May 20, 2014. The concert celebrated Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa for his public service, extraordinary leadership and contributions to the advancement of science and medicine in supporting Americans with disabilities and chronic diseases, such as lupus. She made a performance at the JDRF \"Toast to Tomorrow\" charity Gala where they had an auction on several items to raise funds for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12317017", "score": "1.0189862", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Hibbs Lupus Trust", "text": "range of services to support those affected by lupus, their friends and family. A selection of these services include a telephone support helpline, online forum and face-to-face support meetings. The Hibbs Lupus Trust host a series of annual fundraising events, which include running, golf and cycling events. The most notable event is annual World Lupus Day Walk. The Hibbs Lupus Trust The Hibbs Lupus Trust is a lupus awareness and patient support charity in the United Kingdom, formed on 11 October 2011 by the Hibbs Family and is run entirely by volunteers. The Hibbs Lupus Trust gained full charity status", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19006084", "score": "1.0156904", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Michael O'Donnell (physician)", "text": "His daughter Lucy O'Donnell was a childhood friend of Julian Lennon and Julian’s drawing of her inspired John Lennon's song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. After her death from lupus in September 2009, Julian recorded a new song \"Lucy\". Proceeds from the sales helped endow a Research Award named after her which he set up in partnership with the Lupus Foundation of America. Proceeds from sales of the song also go to the St Thomas' Lupus Trust in London. In 1995, in recognition of his achievements in medical journalism, O’Donnell was elected an honorary member of the American Alpha", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10543131", "score": "1.0135716", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "long_answer": "The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devoted to solving the mystery of lupus, one of the world’s cruelest, most unpredictable and devastating diseases, while giving caring support to those who suffer from its brutal impact. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus through programs of research, education, support and advocacy.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devoted to solving the mystery of lupus, one of the world’s cruelest, most unpredictable and devastating diseases, while giving caring support to those who suffer from its brutal impact. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus through programs of research, education, support and advocacy.", "short_answers": [ "1977" ] }

[ "comprehend and formulate language", "formulate language" ]

[ { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or several) of the four communication modalities following acquired brain injury or have significant decline over a short time period (progressive aphasia). The four communication modalities are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "from occasional trouble finding words, to losing the ability to speak, read, or write; intelligence, however, is unaffected. Expressive language and receptive language can both be affected as well. Aphasia also affects visual language such as sign language. In contrast, the use of formulaic expressions in everyday communication is often preserved. One prevalent deficit in the aphasias is anomia, which is a deficit in word finding ability. The term \"aphasia\" implies that one or more communication modalities in the brain have been damaged and are therefore functioning incorrectly. Aphasia does not refer to damage to the brain that results in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22164", "score": "1.096529", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Broca's area", "text": "is seen to be associated with underactivity in Broca's area. Aphasia is an acquired language disorder affecting all modalities such as writing, reading, speaking, and listening and results from brain damage. It is often a chronic condition that creates changes in all areas of one's life. Patients with expressive aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia, are individuals who know \"what they want to say, they just cannot get it out\". They are typically able to comprehend words, and sentences with a simple syntactic structure (see above), but are more or less unable to generate fluent speech. Other symptoms that may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "499984", "score": "1.093811", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Aphasiology", "text": "anomic aphasia in the process of recovery. Conduction Aphasia is a rare form of aphasia in which fibres in the arcuate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus are damaged. These fibres are the link between the Wernicke's and Broca's area. Damage to the area connecting comprehension and expression together has the following symptoms: fluent speech, good comprehension, poor oral reading, repetition is poor and transpositions of sounds within words is very common. Primary progressive aphasia is a rare disorder where people slowly lose their ability to talk, read, write, and comprehend what they hear in conversation over a period of time.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1515443", "score": "1.0751587", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Aphasiology", "text": "Aphasiology Aphasiology is the study of language impairment usually resulting from brain damage, due to neurovascular accident—hemorrhage, stroke—or associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including different types of dementia. It is also the name of a scientific journal covering the area. These specific language deficits, termed aphasias, may be defined as impairments of language production or comprehension that cannot be attributed to trivial causes such as deafness or oral paralysis. A number of aphasias have been described, but two are best known: expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia) and receptive aphasia (Wernicke's or sensory aphasia). Acute aphasias are often the result", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1515434", "score": "1.0690761", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Speech and language impairment", "text": "this as well. Aphasia refers to a family of language disorders that usually stem from injury, lesion, or atrophy to the left side of the brain that result in reception, perception, and recall of language; in addition, language formation and expressive capacities may be inhibited. Language-based learning disabilities, which refer to difficulties with reading, spelling, and/or writing that are evidenced in a significant lag behind the individual's same-age peers. Most children with these disabilities are at least of average intelligence, ruling out intellectual impairments as the causal factor. The DSM-5 and the ICD-10 are both used to make specific diagnostic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14115301", "score": "1.058593", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "a person may be able to write but not read, and in pure word deafness, they may be able to produce speech and to read, but not understand speech when it is spoken to them. Although localizationist approaches provide a useful way of classifying the different patterns of language difficulty into broad groups, one problem is that a sizeable number of individuals do not fit neatly into one category or another. Another problem is that the categories, particularly the major ones such as Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia, still remain quite broad. Consequently, even amongst individuals who meet the criteria for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22175", "score": "1.0580345", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "(sentence processing and semantics).<American Speech-Language-Hearing Association> The loss of language before the loss of memory differentiates PPA from typical dementias. People suffering from PPA may have difficulties comprehending what others are saying. They can also have difficulty trying to find the right words to make a sentence. There are three classifications of Primary Progressive Aphasia : Progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), Semantic Dementia (SD), and Logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) Progressive Jargon Aphasia is a fluent or receptive aphasia in which the person's speech is incomprehensible, but appears to make sense to them. Speech is fluent and effortless with intact syntax and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22179", "score": "1.0557544", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Apraxia of speech", "text": "Broca's aphasia) are commonly mistaken as the same disorder mainly because they often occur together in patients. Although both disorders present with symptoms such as a difficulty producing sounds due to damage in the language parts of the brain, they are not the same. The main difference between these disorders lies in the ability to comprehend spoken language; patients with apraxia are able to fully comprehend speech, while patients with aphasia are not always fully able to comprehend others' speech. Conduction aphasia is another speech disorder that is similar to, but not the same as, apraxia of speech. Although patients", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12634882", "score": "1.0524931", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Global aphasia", "text": "include the inability to understand, create, and repeat speech and language. These difficulties also persist in reading, writing, and auditory comprehension abilities. Verbal language typically consists of a few recognizable utterances and words (e.g., hello), overlearned phrases (e.g., how are you), and expletives (e.g., a curse word). However, those affected by global aphasia may express themselves using facial expressions, intonation, and gestures. Extensive lexical (vocabulary) impairment is possible, resulting in an inability to read simple words or sentences. Global aphasia may be accompanied by weakness of the right side of the face and right hemiplegia (paralysis), but can occur with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3724346", "score": "1.0494274", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Conduction aphasia", "text": "Conduction aphasia Conduction aphasia, also called associative aphasia, is a relatively rare form of aphasia. An acquired language disorder, it is characterized by intact auditory comprehension, fluent (yet paraphasic) speech production, but poor speech repetition. They are fully capable of understanding what they are hearing, but fail to encode phonological information for production. This deficit is load-sensitive as patients show significant difficulty repeating phrases, particularly as the phrases increase in length and complexity and as they stumble over words they are attempting to pronounce. Patients will display frequent errors during spontaneous speech, such as substituting or transposing sounds. They will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3343356", "score": "1.046312", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Apraxia of speech", "text": "who suffer from conduction aphasia have full comprehension of speech, as do AOS sufferers, there are differences between the two disorders. Patients with conduction aphasia are typically able to speak fluently, but they do not have the ability to repeat what they hear. Similarly, dysarthria, another motor speech disorder, is characterized by difficulty articulating sounds. The difficulty in articulation does not occur due in planning the motor movement, as happens with AOS. Instead, dysarthria is caused by inability in or weakness of the muscles in the mouth, face, and respiratory system. In cases of acute AOS (stroke), spontaneous recovery may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12634883", "score": "1.0457366", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Conduction aphasia", "text": "of spoken language in general. Conduction aphasia Conduction aphasia, also called associative aphasia, is a relatively rare form of aphasia. An acquired language disorder, it is characterized by intact auditory comprehension, fluent (yet paraphasic) speech production, but poor speech repetition. They are fully capable of understanding what they are hearing, but fail to encode phonological information for production. This deficit is load-sensitive as patients show significant difficulty repeating phrases, particularly as the phrases increase in length and complexity and as they stumble over words they are attempting to pronounce. Patients will display frequent errors during spontaneous speech, such as substituting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3343377", "score": "1.041737", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Aphasiology", "text": "is a non-fluent aphasia, which means the person speaks hesitantly because of a difficulty naming words and/or producing correct syntax. The person struggles to find the right words for speaking and writing. Subjects tend to use circumulations, in which they speak around the word they can not find, to make up for their loss. People also with anomic aphasia tend to know how to use an object, but rather can not name the aforementioned object. Any damage in or near the zone of language can result in anomic aphasia. Other forms of aphasia often transition into a syndrome of primarily", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1515442", "score": "1.0412335", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "characterized by a gradual loss in language functioning while other cognitive domains are mostly preserved, such as memory and personality. PPA usually initiates with sudden word-finding difficulties in an individual and progresses to a reduced ability to formulate grammatically correct sentences (syntax) and impaired comprehension. The etiology of PPA is not due to a stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), or infectious disease; it is still uncertain what initiates the onset of PPA in those affected by it. Epilepsy can also include transient aphasia as a prodromal or episodic symptom. Aphasia is also listed as a rare side-effect of the fentanyl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22170", "score": "1.0407548", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Augmentative and alternative communication", "text": "centres affecting production, comprehension, or both, and can cause severe, chronic language impairment. Individuals with aphasia often communicate using a combination of speech, gestures, and aided communication; the proportion of each may change as the person recovers, and depends on the context and the individual's skills. Depending on their language and cognitive skills, those with aphasia may use AAC interventions such as communication and memory books, drawing, photography, written words, speech generating devices and keyboards. Visual scene displays have been used on communication devices with adults who have chronic, severe aphasia; these feature photos of people, places or events that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5391389", "score": "1.0328944", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Aphasiology", "text": "its modality of expression. Another less commonly known aphasia is global aphasia, which generally manifests itself after a stroke affecting an extensive portion of the brain occurs, including infarction of both divisions of the middle cerebral artery and generally both Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Survivors with global aphasia may have great difficulty understanding and forming words and sentences, and generally experience a great deal of difficulty when trying to communicate. With considerable speech therapy rehabilitation, global aphasia may progress into expressive aphasia or receptive aphasia. A person with anomic aphasia have word-finding difficulties. Anomic aphasia, also known as anomia,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1515441", "score": "1.0327473", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Global aphasia", "text": "or without hemiparesis (weakness). Additionally, it is common for an individual with global aphasia to have one or more of the following additional impairments: apraxia of speech, alexia, pure word deafness, agraphia, facial apraxia, and depression. Persons with global aphasia are socially appropriate, usually attentive, and task-oriented. Some are able to respond to yes/no questions, but responses are more reliable when questions refer to family and personal experiences. Automatic speech is preserved with normal phonemic, phonetic and inflectional structures. Right hemiparesis or hemiplegia, right-sided sensory loss, and right homonymous hemianopsia may manifest as well. Persons with global aphasia may recognize", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3724347", "score": "1.0324464", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Expressive aphasia", "text": "Expressive aphasia Expressive aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia, is a type of aphasia characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language (spoken, manual, or written), although comprehension generally remains intact. A person with expressive aphasia will exhibit effortful speech. Speech generally includes important content words, but leaves out function words that have only grammatical significance and not real-world meaning, such as prepositions and articles. This is known as \"telegraphic speech\". The person's intended message may still be understood but his or her sentence will not be grammatically correct. In very severe forms of expressive aphasia, a person", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "124228", "score": "1.0314932", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lateralization of brain function", "text": "speech production and articulation of thoughts to words and as such lesions to the area result in the specific non-fluent aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia is the result of damage to the area of the brain that is commonly in the left hemisphere above the sylvian fissure. Damage to this area causes primarily a deficit in language comprehension. While the ability to speak fluently with normal melodic intonation is spared, the language produced by a person with Wernicke's aphasia is riddled with semantic errors, and may sound nonsensical to the listener. Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by phonemic paraphasias, neologism or jargon. Another", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6874218", "score": "1.0288274", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Global aphasia", "text": "Global aphasia Global aphasia is a severe form of nonfluent aphasia, caused by damage to the left side of the brain, that affects receptive and expressive language skills (needed for both written and oral language) as well as auditory and visual comprehension. Acquired impairments of communicative abilities are present across all language modalities, impacting language production, comprehension, and repetition. Patients with global aphasia may be able to verbalize a few short utterances and use non-word neologisms, but their overall production ability is limited. Their ability to repeat words, utterances, or phrases is also affected. Due to the preservation of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3724344", "score": "1.0284885", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Broca's area", "text": "be present include problems with fluency, articulation, word-finding, word repetition, and producing and comprehending complex grammatical sentences, both orally and in writing. This specific group of symptoms distinguishes those who have expressive aphasia from individuals with other types of aphasia. There are several distinct \"types\" of aphasia, and each type is characterized by a different set of language deficits. Although those who have expressive aphasia tend to retain good spoken language comprehension, other types of aphasia can render patients completely unable to understand any language at all, unable to understand any spoken language (auditory verbal agnosia), whereas still other types", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "499985", "score": "1.0271639", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "patch, an opioid used to control chronic pain. Aphasia is best thought of as a collection of different disorders, rather than a single problem. Each individual with aphasia will present with their own particular combination of language strengths and weaknesses. Consequently, it is a major challenge just to document the various difficulties that can occur in different people, let alone decide how they might best be treated. Most classifications of the aphasias tend to divide the various symptoms into broad classes. A common approach is to distinguish between the fluent aphasias (where speech remains fluent, but content may be lacking,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22171", "score": "1.0256164", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "The area and extent of brain damage or atrophy will determine the type of aphasia and its symptoms. A very small number of people can experience aphasia after damage to the right hemisphere only. It has been suggested that these individuals may have had an unusual brain organization prior to their illness or injury, with perhaps greater overall reliance on the right hemisphere for language skills than in the general population. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), while its name can be misleading, is actually a form of dementia that has some symptoms closely related to several forms of aphasia. It is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22169", "score": "1.0229698", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Corticobasal degeneration", "text": "Aphasia in CBgD is revealed through the inability to speak or a difficulty in initiating spoken dialogue and falls under the non-fluent (as opposed to fluent or flowing) subtype of the disorder. This may be related to speech impairment such as dysarthria, and thus is not a true aphasia, as aphasia is related to a change in language function, such as difficulty retrieving words or putting words together to form meaningful sentences. The speech and/or language impairments in CBgD result in disconnected speech patterns and the omission of words. Individuals with this symptom of CBgD often lose the ability to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6170399", "score": "1.0225127", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "motor or sensory deficits, which produces abnormal speech; that is, aphasia is not related to the mechanics of speech but rather the individual's language cognition (although a person can have both problems). An individual's \"language\" is the socially shared set of rules as well as the thought processes that go behind verbalized speech. It is not a result of a more peripheral motor or sensory difficulty, such as paralysis affecting the speech muscles or a general hearing impairment. Aphasia affects about 2 million people in the US and 250,000 people in Great Britain. Though nearly 180,000 people in the US", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22165", "score": "1.0213932", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "inability to name objects by using words like \"thing\". So when asked to name a pencil they may say it is a thing used to write. Given the previously stated signs and symptoms the following behaviors are often seen in people with aphasia as a result of attempted compensation for incurred speech and language deficits: Aphasia is most often caused by stroke, but any disease or damage to the parts of the brain that control language can cause aphasia. Some of these can include brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, and progressive neurological disorders. In rare cases, aphasia may also result", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22167", "score": "1.0210181", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Receptive aphasia", "text": "information to missing minor details of a conversation. Many diagnosed with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty with repetition in words and sentences, and or working memory. The following are common symptoms seen in patients with Wernicke's aphasia: Impaired Comprehension: deficits in understanding (receptive) written and spoken language. This is because Wernicke's area is responsible for assigning meaning to the language that is heard, so if it is damaged, the brain cannot comprehend the information that is being received. Poor Word Retrieval: ability to retrieve target words is impaired. This is also referred to as Anomia. Fluent Speech: individuals with Wernicke's aphasia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "352210", "score": "1.0189129", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "reached as to the skills/modules where the most significant impairment lies, therapy can proceed to treat these skills. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative focal dementia that can be associated with progressive illnesses or dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia / Pick Complex Motor neuron disease, Progressive supranuclear palsy, and Alzheimer's disease, which is the gradual process of progressively losing the ability to think. Gradual loss of language function occurs in the context of relatively well-preserved memory, visual processing, and personality until the advanced stages. Symptoms usually begin with word-finding problems (naming) and progress to impaired grammar (syntax) and comprehension", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22178", "score": "1.0185423", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Paul David Wilson", "text": "condition known as Aphasia. Aphasia is the inability to speak, read, write or understand speech. Wilson was hospitalized at West Suburban Hospital Medical Center in Oak Park and Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. Subsequently, he went through rehabilitation at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Willowbrook. Paul wrote: In need of a restful setting for his recuperation, Paul and his wife, Terry, relocated to Maui in Hawaii where they lived for five years. Paul eventually found and studied with Dr. Walter Tokishi, a speech therapist, but the scarcity of expert medical support to help him overcome the limitations imposed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12830117", "score": "1.017854", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Aphasia", "long_answer": "Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or several) of the four communication modalities following acquired brain injury or have significant decline over a short time period (progressive aphasia). The four communication modalities are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication.", "chunked_long_answer": "Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or several) of the four communication modalities following acquired brain injury or have significant decline over a short time period (progressive aphasia). The four communication modalities are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication.", "short_answers": [ "comprehend and formulate language", "formulate language" ] }

[ "Kelly Reno" ]

[ { "title": "Kelly Reno", "text": "Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Black Stallion", "text": "kind. In the film adaption, Mr. Ramsay is on the ship with Alec, but is drowned. Mrs. Ramsay is slender and has a slightly rougher personality than her book counterpart. Steve Duncan - the young man who discovers Flame on an island and later trains and races the red stallion in a match race. He and Alec meet in \"The Black Stallion Challenged\", but his friendship with Alec is complex, due to an obvious competition between the two, and Steve's jealousy towards Alec. Steve is a slightly unhappy, easily annoyed character who Alec strives to befriend but is unable to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7552915", "score": "1.2319429", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion", "text": "novels, which are not included here. Alexander \"Alec\" Ramsay - the red-headed young man is a main character in Walter Farley's books. Alec has a passion for horses and has a close bond with the Black that no other human can explain or understand, even Alec himself. Henry Dailey - a retired race-horse trainer and close friend to Alec. He is a forgotten jockey legend. Henry's career is revived after teaming with Alec to train the Black. Henry later trains many of Hopeful Farm's racehorses. Charles Volence - Owner of Sun Raider, and accompanies Alec and Henry on their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7552913", "score": "1.2164409", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "Garr, Hoyt Axton, Mickey Rooney, and the Arabian horse Cass Ole. The film features music by Carmine Coppola, the father of Hollywood producer Francis Ford Coppola, who was the executive producer of the film. In 1946 Alec Ramsey is aboard the steamer Drake off the coast of North Africa, where he sees a wild black stallion being forced into a makeshift stable compartment and heavily restrained by ropes leading to his halter. Captivated by the horse, Alec later sneaks to the horse to feed him some sugar cubes, but he is caught by the horse's supposed owner, who tells him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430192", "score": "1.2103717", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion", "text": "trip to Arabia. Tony - an Italian immigrant who owns the carthorse gelding, Napoleon, and works as a vegetable salesman in New York City's smaller streets. Both Tony and Napoleon forge a close bond with the Black and a close friendship remains between Tony, Alec, and Henry throughout the series. Napoleon becomes the Black's constant companion. Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay - Alec Ramsay's supportive parents. Mr. Ramsay has a more prominent role in the books than his wife, later helping to run Hopeful Farm's business affairs. He is described as tall and good-featured. Mrs. Ramsay is described as plump and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7552914", "score": "1.2093557", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "with his opponents. Alec now encourages the Black to run as fast as he can, remembering the wild rides on the island, as they catch up. The Black eventually wins by two lengths. Cass Ole, a champion Arabian stallion, was featured in most of the movie's scenes, with Fae Jur, another black Arabian stallion, being his main double. Fae Jur's main scene is the one where Alec is trying to gain the trust of the Black on the beach. Two other stunt doubles were used for running, fighting and swimming scenes. El Mokhtar, an Egyptian Arabian racehorse, was the producers'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430200", "score": "1.1865499", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Adventures of the Black Stallion", "text": "show ran on M6 from Avril 20, 1991. Most of the episodes are set around Canada. During the second and third season, the show moves away from the farm, and has many episodes set in New Zealand, Paris and the United States. \"The Adventures of The Black Stallion\" was filmed on location in British Columbia, Canada, as well as France and New Zealand. 16 horses portrayed The Black across the three countries. The show follows the life of fifteen-year-old horse racer Alec Ramsay (Richard Ian Cox), his wild stallion The Black, and their trainer Henry Dailey (Mickey Rooney). In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5847579", "score": "1.1735079", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion Returns", "text": "to Alec, he decides to leave him in Morocco, where he feels he is more at home. The filming locations for \"The Black Stallion Returns\" took place in Djanet, Algeria, Abiquiu, New Mexico, Italy, Morocco, Santa Clarita & Los Angeles, California and New York City. The role of the Black Stallion was played by Cass Ole (who starred in the first film) and El Mokhtar, who was used in the racing scenes of the film, but he passed away from colic during the making of the movie. \"The Black Stallion Returns\" debuted at #5 at the box office, grossing $2,923,297", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9843788", "score": "1.1640885", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion", "text": "Alec. He is shocked to read, \"but for that, we would have destroyed him.\" She owns her purebred Nejdi horse, Jôhar. Abd-al-Rahman - Young Sheikh from a kingdom not too far from Abu's. Ibn al Khaldun - A fat, wrinkled, one-armed man who travels on the same plane as Alec, Henry, and Volence on their first trip to Arabia. Alec is suspicious of him wanting to do away with the Black. Raj - Brother of Abd-al-Rahman, and friend of Alec Ramsay who lives in Arabia. Pam Athena - a girl who proved to be an excellent jockey and good worker", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7552917", "score": "1.1387403", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion", "text": "The Black Stallion The Black Stallion, known as the Black or Shêtân, is the title character from author Walter Farley's bestselling series about the Arab stallion and his young owner, Alec Ramsay. The series chronicles the story of a sheikh's prized stallion after he comes into Alec's possession, although later books furnish the Black's backstory. Shaytan (under various transliterations) is the Arabic word for \"devil\". The first book in the series, published in 1941, is titled The Black Stallion. The subsequent novels are about the stallion's three main offspring: his firstborn colt, Satan; his second colt, Bonfire; and his firstborn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7552910", "score": "1.1061265", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "home in Alec's backyard, but a garbage man not knowing that there is a wild horse in the backyard is chased by the Black, who races off down the street after being spooked by a passing car. Alec chases after him through every part of town, but loses track of him. The next day, Alec meets Snoe (and Napoleon) who tell him where the Black is. Alec finds the stallion in the barn of Henry Dailey, a retired jockey and racehorse trainer, who apparently spent all night catching the Black. Henry allows Alec to keep the Black in his barn.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430197", "score": "1.090296", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Young Black Stallion", "text": "The Young Black Stallion The Young Black Stallion is a 2003 made-for-IMAX family film from Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Simon Wincer, the film is based on the 1989 novel of the same name by \"Black Stallion\" creator Walter Farley and his son Steven Farley. Noted for its beautiful scenery and wide-angle shots, the 50-minute film was shot on-location in the deserts of Namibia and South Africa. The film stars as Neera, a young girl who befriends a young black stallion, and Patrick Elyas as Aden, although his voice was dubbed by Eric Grucza, who, for his uncredited performance was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10623825", "score": "1.0846908", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "is entered into the race. The race is the most anticipated horse-racing event of the year. Before the two champions and the Black enter the starting gate, the Black gets into a fight with one of his opponents, wounding his leg. Alec does not see the wound until he is in the gate. As he dismounts, the bell rings and the horses take off. Alec desperately tries to stay on his horse and trying to stop him. He falls behind, but the Black won't stop. When Alec regains his balance, the Black is well on his way to catch up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430199", "score": "1.0788774", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "to run off again. By now, Alec decides to try to get closer to the horse and offer him some seaweed. The hungry stallion finds himself unable to resist, but visibly struggles with his distrust for humans. Eventually, the hunger wins and he takes Alec's offer; their bond has been sealed and the two are now inseparable. Alec even manages to ride the unbroken horse, after many times falling off the horse. One day, a fishing ship arrives, rescuing both Alec and the stallion. Back home in Flushing, NY, Alec is given a hero's welcome. The Black has a temporary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430196", "score": "1.0764955", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion Returns", "text": "him as a local Casablancan. They take him to a man named Kurr (Allen Garfield) the leader of a rogue tribe called the Uruk, who is very interested in the horse and the sheik, and allows Alec to go with him and his companion. But after getting a flat tire, they abandon Alec in the desert. He is found by the driver of another truck and given a ride. Aboard the truck, he meets Raj (Vincent Spano), who tells him the Black will probably compete in \"The Great Race.\" The two become friends and travel across the desert on foot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9843783", "score": "1.0761006", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "When Alec wonders how fast the Black is, Alec and Henry decide to train the Black for the racetrack, while Henry teaches Alec how to be a jockey. The Black surprises Henry with his speed. Henry immediately starts plotting to get the Black into a match race between two of the country's current champions, to be held at Santa Anita, California. To do that, he sets up a secret demonstration at night where the press can witness his speed, keeping the identity of Alec and the Black secret. The news about the \"mystery horse\" is soon widespread and the Black", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430198", "score": "1.0736976", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion Returns", "text": "in the \"Great Race\" with his granddaughter Tabari (Jodi Thelen) as jockey. Alec insists the Black can win the race only if he, not Tabari, rides him. Denied the position, he coaches Tabari on riding the horse, but the Black throws her off. Then, the Uruk led by Kurr then captures the Black and Alec and takes them away. Later, Alec escapes with the Black. As they flee, Alec discovers that Meslar is alive and being held prisoner. He gives Meslar his pocket knife to help him get free of his bonds. Alec and the Black escape and go back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9843785", "score": "1.0498927", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "The ship is in flames and has started to sink. Alec's father leaves him by the compartment holding The Black to go help the crew. In the chaos, Alec opens the compartment hatch but is attacked by Shetan's owner who cuts Alec's life jacket off him so he can take it for himself. Alec's father rescues Alec from his attacker but the life jacket is lost and father and son are separated. The black stallion breaks free from his compartment and then jumps into the sea. Alec himself is swept overboard by a gigantic wave. Once in the water, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430194", "score": "1.0498545", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion Returns", "text": "barn fire is followed by the theft of the horse. From the point of view of Ishak (Ferdy Mayne), the sheik who took him, this is property retrieval; the horse was originally his, and the Black's name is Shetan. Although he learns that the horse is being returned to the sheik's kingdom in the Moroccan desert, Alec goes after the sheik, stowing away in a plane to Casablanca. In Morocco, after being found on the plane, Alec is taken to the American embassy, where the police plan on sending him home. At the stables, he makes some friends who disguise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9843782", "score": "1.0456259", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion (film)", "text": "swims toward the stallion and managed to grab hold of the ropes that were previously restraining the stallion. Alec wakes on the shore of a deserted island and starts to explore. He finds the stallion caught in his restraints with the ropes stuck between the rocks. With his knife, Alec manages to free the stallion once again and the stallion runs away. For a time, the two keep their distance. Alec discovers means to survive by catching fish and seaweed. As Alec suddenly faces a cobra eye to eye, the Black comes to the rescue and kills the snake, only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1430195", "score": "1.0364692", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Adventures of the Black Stallion", "text": "ride The Black. He is known for having a violent temper with anyone besides Alec, though he does allow some people around the farm to hold his halter and lead him around, most notably Henry. He only seems to do grudgingly, however, and tends to be far less tolerant of others if Alec isn't around to keep him under control. To help keep the high-strung horse calm at the track, the gelding Napoleon is frequently taken on the road with them. In 1991, the series was nominated for a Young Artist Award in the \"Best Off-Prime Time or Cable Family", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5847581", "score": "1.0262603", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion Returns", "text": "up in his truck and chases Raj and Alec, shooting at them. However, he takes a wrong turn and the truck crashes into a ditch. Alec wins the race, then pleads with Ishak to allow Raj to keep the horse that he rode, despite the condition that the winning rider's sheik is allowed to keep any horses that he wants. Ishak grants the reprieve, which allows Alec to repay Raj for his kindness. Meslar returns with Kurr, his riding companion, and the Uruk rider as his prisoners, and they are taken to face judgement. Although Ishak gives the Black back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9843787", "score": "1.0258191", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Jamie Blackley", "text": "the thriller \"The Fifth Estate\" (2013), and Adam Wilde in the romantic drama \"If I Stay\" (2014). He played Freddie Hamilton in \"The Halcyon\". Jamie Blackley Jamie Alexander Blackley is a Manx-born British actor. He is known for his role as Adam Wilde in the film \"If I Stay\". Blackley was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, and was raised in London, United Kingdom, with his father Martin, mother Marina, and older sister Holly-Anna. His first major appearance was as Hanschen in the London stage production of \"Spring Awakening\". Blackley had a small role as Iain in the fairy tale/action-adventure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17970584", "score": "1.0190526", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Cass Ole", "text": "in the films \"The Black Stallion\" and \"The Black Stallion Returns\", in which he is credited as Cass-Olé. Horse trainers Glen Randall and his sons J.R. and Corky Randall began their international search for a black Arabian to play The Black in the upcoming film. They found Cass Ole at his ranch in San Antonio, and his temperament and appearance suited him for the role. His owners stipulated that he was not to be used in the running or swimming scenes, so three other horses were obtained for use in those shots, as well as for stunts. Cass Ole and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8395574", "score": "1.0168571", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Adventures of the Black Stallion", "text": "The Adventures of the Black Stallion The Adventures of the Black Stallion is a French New Zealand and Canadian-produced television series that starred Mickey Rooney and Richard Ian Cox, as a trainer and a teenaged horse racer and was loosely based on the book series by Walter Farley. The series originally ran on The Family Channel and YTV from September 15, 1990 to May 16, 1993, before cancellation. It has since been shown in re-runs throughout the world. Mickey Rooney is the only original cast member from \"The Black Stallion\" to reprise his role in the show. In France, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5847578", "score": "1.0078585", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion Returns", "text": "with Meslar (Woody Strode), Raj's friend and mentor. Then the Uruk kidnap Meslar, and Raj and Alec defend themselves against the harsh elements. After running out of water, they collapse from dehydration but recover when they find a river. Raj's tribe discovers them, welcoming Raj home and Alec to the tribe. Raj takes Alec to the outskirts of Ishak's home, and he reunites with the Black. While attempting to retrieve the horse, Alec is apprehended by Ishak's men. He pleads his case to Ishak, who is sympathetic but will not give up the horse. He plans to race the Black", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9843784", "score": "1.0048652", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "John Bell (Scottish actor)", "text": "Screenterrier as one of the top 12 British rising stars. In 2012, Bell portrayed Helius in the fantasy film \"Wrath of the Titans\" and then as Angus in the science fiction war film \"Battleship\". He then appeared as Billy Bempsy in TV mini series \"Hatfields & McCoys\". In 2013 and 2014, he portrayed Bain, son of Bard the Bowman, in epic adventure fantasy films \"\" and \"\". Also in 2013, he portrayed Jamie Carr in an episode of TV series \"Midsomer Murders\". Bell is currently playing a teenage \"Young\" Ian Murray in \"Outlander\" Series 3. His character first appears in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17200839", "score": "1.0040896", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Black Stallion", "text": "to Hopeful Farm, and loosened the hardened jockey Alec. She was romantically involved with Alec up until her death in a car accident. Walter Farley based the character on his own daughter and wrote the book that features Pam's death, \"The Black Stallion Legend,\" in grief of his daughter's death. Ziyadah - Sire of the Black and known as \"Firetail\". He is a golden chestnut stallion who is in \"The Black Stallion's Mystery\". The Black Stallion/Shêtân - the black Arabian crossbred stallion who is the main character of the Black Stallion series. He is strong, fast, temperamental, and shares a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7552918", "score": "1.0031009", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Richard Ian Cox", "text": "Richard Ian Cox Richard Ian Cox (born October 3, 1973) is a Welsh-Canadian actor, voice actor, comedian and online radio host best known for his voice acting for English language dubs of anime, mainly for \"InuYasha\". Richard gained prominence for playing the character of Henry Dailey's (played by Mickey Rooney) teenaged traveller and horse rider, Alec Ramsay, in The Family Channel's \"Adventures of the Black Stallion\" during the early 1990s. Cox also gained fame for voicing Ian Kelley, the title character in the animated series \"Being Ian\" and for voicing Scattershot, one of the Autobots in the CGI-Animated series \"\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2493178", "score": "0.99988973", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Adventures of the Black Stallion", "text": "series, Alec's father died before the series start, leaving Alec and his mother to run Hopeful Farm. The show focuses both on life at Hopeful Farm and on the racing circuit. During the first season, most of the races are unprofessional circuit races and match races because The Black's an unpapered horse, meaning there is no proof of his lineage. During the second season, The Black's history is uncovered and Alec is able to obtain his papers, allowing him to be raced on the professional circuits around the world. The series maintained that Alec was the only one who can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5847580", "score": "0.99918383", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Kelly Reno", "long_answer": "Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977.", "chunked_long_answer": "Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977.", "short_answers": [ "Kelly Reno" ] }

[ "Johnny Mercer", "lyrics by Johnny Mercer", "music by Harry Warren", "Harry Warren" ]

[ { "title": "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby", "text": "\"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tony Sokol", "text": "on Training Wheels\" by Spotlight On Productions; \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\", \"The Intervention,\" \"How to Skip Alimony Through Voluntary Manslaughter,\" Produced by The Irish Arts Center/Company of Impossible Dreams, NYC, 1999, and \"Just Us Served\". \"How You Slice It\" was revived by producer Laura Ludwig and performed at Eco Books and was recorded and broadcast by the Museum of Sound. “You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby” has been revived by several theater troupes and was published in its entirety in Criminal Defense Weekly. Sokol was a writer, performer and co-producer of Insightful Riot, an evening of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16690727", "score": "0.91533273", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Hard to Get (1938 film)", "text": "a justice of the peace who is prepared to marry them. After Ben's wife arrives trying to prevent the wedding, Bill finally agrees to marry Margaret. \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" was nominated for the American Film Institute's 2004 list AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs. Hard to Get (1938 film) Hard to Get is a 1938 American romantic comedy film directed by Ray Enright and starring Dick Powell and Olivia de Havilland. Written by Jerry Wald, Maurice Leo, and Richard Macaulay, the film is about a spoiled young heiress who tries to charge some gasoline at an auto court", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17120846", "score": "0.8972745", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Oh, You Beautiful Doll", "text": "\"The Eddie Cantor Story\" (1953) and \"The Taming of the Shrew\" (1969) as well as some Looney Tunes cartoons such as \"Hair-Raising Hare\". The Kidsongs Kids and Billy and Ruby Biggle sang this song with a baby elephant named Belle in their 1995 video and DVD: \"Baby Animal Songs\". The song also appears on the animated series \"Hey Arnold!\" where Grandpa Phil sings the song while taking a shower, as well as in the last Fred Astaire variety special, in which he and dance partner Barrie Chase danced to it. Oh, You Beautiful Doll \"Oh, You Beautiful Doll\" is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12149169", "score": "0.82326126", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "'A' You're Adorable", "text": "the blocks as Jack retrieves them one by one while singing the song again, this time in a harried tone. The Kidsongs sing the song on their \"Baby Animal Songs\" video. The song formed the basis for a Morecambe and Wise sketch, where Eric Morecambe started with \"A you're adorable, B you're so beautiful\" and then randomly chose letters such as J, Q or Z to fox Ernie Wise. In a \"\" DVD extra, Patrick Stewart, as Jean-Luc Picard, sings the song with slightly altered lyrics. In a 1974 public service announcement on volunteerism, Johnny Hart's \"B.C.\" cartoon characters sing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5262115", "score": "0.82189", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "You Are So Beautiful", "text": "You Are So Beautiful \"You Are So Beautiful\" is a song written by Billy Preston and Bruce Fisher that was first released in 1974 on Preston's ninth studio album, \"The Kids & Me\". It was also the B-side of his single \"Struttin'\". Later that same year, English singer Joe Cocker released a slower version of the song on his album \"I Can Stand a Little Rain\". Produced by Jim Price, Cocker's version was also issued as a single in January 1975 and became one of his biggest chart hits, peaking at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6452766", "score": "0.81221724", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Since I Met You Baby (song)", "text": "Honeybears, and Johnny \"Guitar\" Watson. Since I Met You Baby (song) \"Since I Met You Baby\" is an American rhythm and blues song written and recorded by pianist Ivory Joe Hunter. The song, which Hunter recorded in 1956, became an American standard, and saw renewed popularity in 1969 when country music artist Sonny James released his hit version. Hunter had already tasted major success with popular and rhythm and blues audiences with songs such as \"I Almost Lost My Mind\". He moved to Atlantic Records by 1954, and around that time wrote \"Since I Met You Baby.\" The song, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10995777", "score": "0.81089896", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "A Beautiful Child", "text": "A Beautiful Child A Beautiful Child () was published in America in 2004 and in paperback in 2005. It tells the story of a young woman known by many names, including Sharon Marshall, who was kidnapped as a toddler and raised by a convicted felon, Franklin Delano Floyd. Written by author Matt Birkbeck, \"A Beautiful Child\" spurred numerous web sites dedicated to finding Sharon's true identity. Through suggestions from those sites, Birkbeck, in partnership with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, have conducted DNA testing on relatives of several girls who went missing in the early 1970s. Until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12156547", "score": "0.8092215", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "'A' You're Adorable", "text": "the song with new lyrics featuring the letters A-C-T-I-O-N instead of the whole alphabet. 'A' You're Adorable A' You're Adorable\" is a popular song with music by Sid Lippman and lyrics by Buddy Kaye and Fred Wise, published in 1948. The most well-known version was recorded by Perry Como, with The Fontane Sisters on March 1, 1949. This recording was released on single records as follows: Another recording by Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae was also very popular. The recording was released by Capitol Records. The flip side was \"Need You\". The recording first appeared on the \"Billboard\" charts on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5262116", "score": "0.8090539", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Oh, You Beautiful Doll (film)", "text": "Oh, You Beautiful Doll (film) Oh, You Beautiful Doll is a 1949 musical film directed by John M. Stahl (his final film), starring the musical queen June Haver and Mark Stevens. Co-stars included S.Z. Sakall, Charlotte Greenwood, and Gale Robbins. The film is a fictionalized biography of Fred Fisher, a German-born American writer of Tin Pan Alley songs. Tin Pan Alley promoter (Mark Stevens) turns serious composer Fred Breitenbach (S.Z. Sakall) into songwriter Fred Fisher. Fred Fisher is his assumed name in real life and Breitenbach is his birth surname. In the film, many Fisher songs were given a symphonic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15920977", "score": "0.80706424", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Tony Sokol", "text": "York City bands to play various conspirators. After the performances, the band renamed itself The Abstract Four and continued to play New York City area clubs. Sokol has had his plays produced by several New York theatrical troupes. Among these: \"Frankenstein Walks the Wolfman,” which Time Out New York favorably compared to the horror movie Scream; \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby,” \"Baby Jane on Training Wheels\", \"How You Slice It\", \"Death Takes a Valium,\" \"Cosmic Inertia\", \"The Wack\", \"Factually Incorrect\", \"Weight Loss by Vivisection\" by Creative Artists Laboratory\". \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" and \"Baby Jane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16690726", "score": "0.8030264", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "A Beautiful Child", "text": "Floyd suggest that Floyd murdered Michael. A Beautiful Child A Beautiful Child () was published in America in 2004 and in paperback in 2005. It tells the story of a young woman known by many names, including Sharon Marshall, who was kidnapped as a toddler and raised by a convicted felon, Franklin Delano Floyd. Written by author Matt Birkbeck, \"A Beautiful Child\" spurred numerous web sites dedicated to finding Sharon's true identity. Through suggestions from those sites, Birkbeck, in partnership with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, have conducted DNA testing on relatives of several girls who went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12156549", "score": "0.7875431", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "You're Beautiful (Nathaniel Willemse song)", "text": "Chart on 10 March 2014. The official video clip was released on 28 February 2014 via Willemse's VEVO account. You're Beautiful (Nathaniel Willemse song) \"You're Beautiful\" is a song recorded by Australian singer-songwriter Nathaniel Willemse. It was released on 28 February 2014 as the second single from his upcoming debut studio album \"Yours\". Two remixes of the song were released on 13 June 2014. In February 2014, Willemse announced his new single would be titled \"You're Beautiful\" and would be the follow up to the double platinum selling single \"You\". Speaking to Auspop in March, Willemse said, \"We wanted to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17911303", "score": "0.78518057", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia", "text": "in her journal that, while she pitied the family, she could not write directly to the Tsarina because she blamed her for the Revolution. \"If anyone wishes to write us, let them write directly,\" Tatiana wrote to \"my dear dove\" Chebotareva on 9 December 1917, after expressing concern for fellow nurses and a patient they had once treated together. Chebotareva's son, Gregory P. Tschebotarioff, noted the grand duchess's \"firm, energetic handwriting\" and how the letter \"reflected the nature which endeared her so much to my mother.\" Tatiana's English tutor, Sydney Gibbes, recalled that Tatiana had grown razor thin in captivity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "772115", "score": "0.78466177", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Miracle (Celine Dion album)", "text": "of babies. The songs were produced by David Foster, who hadn't worked with Dion since 1999. Among tracks on the album are cover versions of John Lennon's \"Beautiful Boy\", Louis Armstrong's \"What a Wonderful World\", Roberta Flack's \"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face\", Johannes Brahms's \"Brahms' Lullaby\", Nancy Wilson's \"If I Could\", Henri Salvador's \"Le loup, la biche et le chevalier (une chanson douce)\", and Carol Welsman's \"Baby Close Your Eyes\". All other tracks are original songs such as the title track, which was written in 2001 for \"A New Day Has Come\" to celebrate the birth of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3956944", "score": "0.7839419", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)", "text": "\"Live with Regis and Kelly\". Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy) \"Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)\" is a song written and performed by John Lennon. It was released on the 1980 album \"Double Fantasy\", the last album by Lennon and Ono released before his death. Paul McCartney has stated this is one of his favourite songs composed by Lennon, and when he appeared on \"Desert Island Discs\" in 1982 included it as his favourite in his selection, as did Yoko Ono as the only John Lennon song in 2007. It was used as the B-side of \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\" to promote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6644800", "score": "0.7808284", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Oh, You Beautiful Doll (film)", "text": "arrangement that was performed at Aeolian Hall. Among the Fisher songs heard were: Leading actors Other cast Uncredited cast Oh, You Beautiful Doll (film) Oh, You Beautiful Doll is a 1949 musical film directed by John M. Stahl (his final film), starring the musical queen June Haver and Mark Stevens. Co-stars included S.Z. Sakall, Charlotte Greenwood, and Gale Robbins. The film is a fictionalized biography of Fred Fisher, a German-born American writer of Tin Pan Alley songs. Tin Pan Alley promoter (Mark Stevens) turns serious composer Fred Breitenbach (S.Z. Sakall) into songwriter Fred Fisher. Fred Fisher is his assumed name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15920978", "score": "0.7800706", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "'A' You're Adorable", "text": "'A' You're Adorable A' You're Adorable\" is a popular song with music by Sid Lippman and lyrics by Buddy Kaye and Fred Wise, published in 1948. The most well-known version was recorded by Perry Como, with The Fontane Sisters on March 1, 1949. This recording was released on single records as follows: Another recording by Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae was also very popular. The recording was released by Capitol Records. The flip side was \"Need You\". The recording first appeared on the \"Billboard\" charts on March 25, 1949, lasting 13 weeks and peaking at position number 4. Another recording", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5262113", "score": "0.7799012", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ugly Beautiful", "text": "Ugly Beautiful Ugly Beautiful is a 1996 album by Babybird, the band's sixth, though their first for Echo Records. Released on 21 October, the album includes the singles \"Goodnight\", \"Candy Girl\", \"You're Gorgeous\" and \"Cornershop\". \"You're Gorgeous\" was a surprise top-three UK and international hit for the group. The album was written entirely by band-leader Stephen Jones. Many of the songs were written and recorded by Jones alone between 1988 and 1994. Several of the songs had been released in these demo incarnations on Jones' solo lo-fi work as Baby Bird that he did prior to forming the band with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12983704", "score": "0.77850294", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia", "text": "for writing such things to you. But I can't go on any more, I don't know what's the matter with me. Neurasthenia, I think. Don't be angry with me, please don't be angry. I love you terribly. I can't live without you. May the Lord protect you.\" Again, on 9 December 1916, she warned Felix, reporting a foreboding conversation she had had with their 21-month-old daughter: \"Something unbelievable's been going on with Baby. A couple of nights ago she didn't sleep well and kept repeating, \"War, nanny, war!\" The next day she was asked, \"War or peace?\" And Baby answered,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4257823", "score": "0.7778639", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ugly Beautiful", "text": "and composed by Stephen Jones. The US release substitutes \"King Bing\" for \"CFC\". The following credits are adapted from the CD liner notes. Ugly Beautiful Ugly Beautiful is a 1996 album by Babybird, the band's sixth, though their first for Echo Records. Released on 21 October, the album includes the singles \"Goodnight\", \"Candy Girl\", \"You're Gorgeous\" and \"Cornershop\". \"You're Gorgeous\" was a surprise top-three UK and international hit for the group. The album was written entirely by band-leader Stephen Jones. Many of the songs were written and recorded by Jones alone between 1988 and 1994. Several of the songs had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12983706", "score": "0.77750146", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Since I Met You Baby (song)", "text": "Allmusic critic Steve Huey as \"a masterpiece of smooth, bluesy elegance\" and \"decidedly removed from the tide of raucous rock & roll sweeping the country.\" In fact, compared to many of the other uptempo, rock-beat songs of the period, the song was \"augmented by a wordless vocal choir (supervised by Ray Ellis who also did the orchestral arrangement) that's strongly reminiscent of traditional pop recordings of the period,\" wrote Huey. Saxophonist Jesse Powell provided the harmony on the second verse. \"Since I Met You Baby\" topped the \"Billboard magazine\" Rhythm and Blues Records chart for three weeks in 1956, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10995773", "score": "0.7750986", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)", "text": "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy) \"Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)\" is a song written and performed by John Lennon. It was released on the 1980 album \"Double Fantasy\", the last album by Lennon and Ono released before his death. Paul McCartney has stated this is one of his favourite songs composed by Lennon, and when he appeared on \"Desert Island Discs\" in 1982 included it as his favourite in his selection, as did Yoko Ono as the only John Lennon song in 2007. It was used as the B-side of \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\" to promote the compilation album \"The John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6644797", "score": "0.7742231", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Since I Met You Baby (song)", "text": "Since I Met You Baby (song) \"Since I Met You Baby\" is an American rhythm and blues song written and recorded by pianist Ivory Joe Hunter. The song, which Hunter recorded in 1956, became an American standard, and saw renewed popularity in 1969 when country music artist Sonny James released his hit version. Hunter had already tasted major success with popular and rhythm and blues audiences with songs such as \"I Almost Lost My Mind\". He moved to Atlantic Records by 1954, and around that time wrote \"Since I Met You Baby.\" The song, a 12-bar blues, was described by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10995772", "score": "0.77158344", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "You're Beautiful (Nathaniel Willemse song)", "text": "You're Beautiful (Nathaniel Willemse song) \"You're Beautiful\" is a song recorded by Australian singer-songwriter Nathaniel Willemse. It was released on 28 February 2014 as the second single from his upcoming debut studio album \"Yours\". Two remixes of the song were released on 13 June 2014. In February 2014, Willemse announced his new single would be titled \"You're Beautiful\" and would be the follow up to the double platinum selling single \"You\". Speaking to Auspop in March, Willemse said, \"We wanted to make sure that it was in the same realm as 'You', but have points of difference. We looked at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17911301", "score": "0.7628926", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "You Are So Beautiful", "text": "sources credit Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys with contributing to the song's genesis. Wilson performed the song live with the Beach Boys from the late 1970s onwards. Kenny Rankin, Ray Stevens, Kenny Rogers, Bonnie Tyler and Brian Kennedy are also among the artists who have covered \"You Are So Beautiful\". Billy Preston wrote \"You Are So Beautiful\" with one of his regular collaborators, Bruce Fisher.<ref name=\"Tobler/BGO\"></ref> Preston's inspiration was his mother, who worked as a stage actress. According to his friend Sam Moore (who had assumed it was a standard love song), Preston was appalled to learn that Moore", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6452767", "score": "0.7621382", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Had Enough (The Who song)", "text": "Had Enough (The Who song) \"Had Enough\" is a song written by The Who bassist John Entwistle, and featured on their eighth studio album, \"Who Are You\". It was also released as a double A-sided single with \"Who Are You\", making it Entwistle's second single A-side, after \"Postcard\" from \"Odds & Sods\" in 1974. Like \"905\", \"Had Enough\" was planned to feature on a rock opera in the process of being written by Entwistle, but was never finished. It was written a long time before work was started on \"Who Are You\". The lyrics describe the main character of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11662383", "score": "0.76199067", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Baby, You're a Rich Man", "text": "Baby, You're a Rich Man \"Baby, You're a Rich Man\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released in July 1967 as the B-side of their \"All You Need Is Love\" single. It originated from an unfinished song by John Lennon, titled \"One of the Beautiful People\", to which Paul McCartney added a chorus. The song was recorded and mixed at Olympic Sound Studios in London, making it the first of the Beatles' EMI recordings to be entirely created outside EMI Studios. The track features a monophonic keyboard instrument known as a clavioline, which Lennon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5568244", "score": "0.76194155", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "You're Beautiful", "text": "You're Beautiful \"You're Beautiful\" is a song co-written by the British singer James Blunt, Sacha Skarbek, and Amanda Ghost for Blunt's debut album, \"Back to Bedlam\" (2004). It was released as the third single from the album in 2005. In the United Kingdom and Australia, the song reached number one and number two respectively. When released as the debut single from \"Back to Bedlam\" in Canada and the United States, it reached number one on both charts and received widespread airplay. In 2006, the song won an Ivor Novello Award for airplay. The song has sold 625,000 copies in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5257773", "score": "0.7590686", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Pretty Baby (song)", "text": "always sung for her as a child by her beloved uncle. Here is the way early recording star Billy Murray covered it in 1916: Verse 1 Verse 2 Chorus \"Billy Murray Anthology: The Denver Nightingale\", Archeophone Records, 2002 Pretty Baby (song) \"Pretty Baby\" is a song written by Tony Jackson during the Ragtime era. The song and lyrics apparently referred to one of Jackson's male lovers. The song was remembered as being prominent in Jackson's repertory before he left New Orleans in 1912, but was not published until 1916. The background as to how the song came to be published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5869609", "score": "0.7582821", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby", "long_answer": "\"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell.", "short_answers": [ "Harry Warren", "Johnny Mercer", "lyrics by Johnny Mercer", "music by Harry Warren" ] }

[ "Windows Playlist (WPL)" ]

[ { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format called Windows Playlist (WPL). The player is also able to utilize a digital rights management service in the form of Windows Media DRM.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "as data discs with playlists such as an MP3 CD, synchronize content with a digital audio player (MP3 player) or other mobile devices, and enable users to purchase or rent music from a number of online music stores. Windows Media Player replaced an earlier application called Media Player, adding features beyond simple video or audio playback. Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541944", "score": "1.0991354", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "for Windows Media codecs and also WAV and MP3 media formats. On Windows XP and above with WMP 9 Series and later, the Windows Media Audio Professional codec is included which supports multichannel audio at up to 24-bit 192 kHz resolution. Windows Media Player 11 includes the Windows Media Format 11 runtime which adds low bitrate support (below 128 kbit/s for WMA Pro), support for ripping music to \"WMA Pro 10\" and updates the original WMA to version 9.2. Support for any media codec and container format can be added using specific DirectShow filters or Media Foundation codecs (Media Foundation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541957", "score": "1.098326", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "preference. Apart from Windows Media Player, most of the WMA compression formats can be played using ALLPlayer, VLC media player, Media Player Classic, MPlayer, RealPlayer, Winamp, Zune Software (with certain limitations—DSP plugin support and DirectSound output is disabled using the default WMA plugin), and many other software media players. The Microsoft Zune media management software supports most WMA codecs, but uses a variation of Windows Media DRM which is used by PlaysForSure. The FFmpeg project has reverse-engineered and re-implemented the WMA codecs to allow their use on POSIX-compliant operating systems such as Linux. The Rockbox project further extended this codec", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459861", "score": "1.0821664", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "with the portable device. Portable devices appear in the navigation pane of the library where their content can be browsed and searched. Windows Media Player's 'Sync' function has options that allow it to be set to automatically down-convert (transcode) high bit-rate song files to a lower bit-rate. This down-conversion function is switched on by default. This is useful for providing low bit-rate files to those portable devices that need them, and to save space on portable devices with smaller storage capacities. For high bit-rate capable devices with sufficient storage capabilities, the down conversion process can be omitted. In versions 11", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541965", "score": "1.0552304", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "name, and also audio normalization values. This container can optionally support digital rights management (DRM) using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function. See Windows Media DRM for further information. Since 2008 Microsoft has also been using WMA Professional in its Protected Interoperable File Format (PIFF) based on the ISO Base Media File Format and most commonly used for Smooth Streaming, a form of adaptive bit rate streaming over HTTP. Related industry standards such as DECE UltraViolet and MPEG-DASH have not standardized WMA as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459841", "score": "1.0549836", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "VLC media player can also do some encoding. The WMA codecs are most often used with the ASF container format, which has an optional DRM facility. Windows Media DRM, which can be used in conjunction with WMA, supports time-limited music subscription services such as those offered by unlimited download services, including MTV's URGE, Napster, Rhapsody, Yahoo! Music Unlimited, and Virgin Digital. Windows Media DRM, a component of PlaysForSure and Windows Media Connect, is supported on many modern portable audio devices and streaming media clients such as Roku, SoundBridge, Xbox 360, and Wii. Players that support the WMA format but not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459864", "score": "1.0545592", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "were included in old versions of Microsoft Windows for playback of media files. Windows Media Player Windows Media Player (WMP) is a media player and media library application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio, video and viewing images on personal computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, as well as on Pocket PC and Windows Mobile-based devices. Editions of Windows Media Player were also released for classic Mac OS, and Solaris but development of these has since been discontinued. In addition to being a media player, Windows Media Player includes the ability to rip music from and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541991", "score": "1.0537105", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "depending on the quality of the source file that was present on the CD in the first place. The sound quality is much improved over the default rate, although the file size is larger. At the time that Versions 11 and 12 were released, the capabilities and capacities of portable devices typically required down-conversion of the bit-rates of the files placed on the portable devices. Thus, Sync down-conversion was turned on by default. This was to ensure playability of the files and to ensure that the file sizes were small enough to efficiently fit a reasonably large selection of songs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541969", "score": "1.0453265", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "Windows Media Player Windows Media Player (WMP) is a media player and media library application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio, video and viewing images on personal computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, as well as on Pocket PC and Windows Mobile-based devices. Editions of Windows Media Player were also released for classic Mac OS, and Solaris but development of these has since been discontinued. In addition to being a media player, Windows Media Player includes the ability to rip music from and copy music to compact discs, burn recordable discs in Audio CD format or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541943", "score": "1.0414569", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Features new to Windows XP", "text": "Users can script the Compatibility Layer using batch files. Windows XP Setup also includes a compatibility checker that warns users - before setup begins - of incompatible applications and device drivers or of applications that may need reinstallation. Windows XP RTM includes Windows Media Player version 8 (officially called Windows Media Player for Windows XP) and Windows Media 8 codecs. Windows Media Player for Windows XP introduced ID3 support for MP3s, editing media information from within the Library, adding lyrics for MP3 or WMA tracks, file name customization when ripping, new visualizations, support for HDCDs, ability to lockdown the player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6706865", "score": "1.0401886", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "Windows Media DRM cannot play DRM-protected files. Windows Media Audio Windows Media Audio (WMA) is the name of a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as \"WMA\", was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs. \"WMA Pro\", a newer and more advanced codec, supports multichannel and high resolution audio. A lossless codec, \"WMA Lossless\", compresses audio data without loss of audio fidelity (the regular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459865", "score": "1.0358034", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "size used at 88.2/96 kHz sampling rate. Certified PlaysForSure devices, as well as a large number of uncertified devices, ranging from portable hand-held music players to set-top DVD players, support the playback of WMA files. Most PlaysForSure-certified online stores distribute content using this codec only. In 2005, Nokia announced its plans to support WMA playback in future Nokia handsets. In the same year, an update was made available for the PlayStation Portable (version 2.60) which allowed WMA files to be played on the device for the first time. Windows Media Audio Professional (WMA Pro) is an improved lossy codec closely", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459847", "score": "1.0334871", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "12 was released with Windows 7. It included support for more media formats and added new features. With Windows 8, however, the player did not receive an upgrade. On April 16, 2012, Microsoft announced that Windows Media Player would not be included in Windows RT, the line of Windows designed to run on ARM based devices. Windows Media Player supports playback of audio, video and pictures, along with fast forward, reverse, file markers (if present) and variable playback speed (seek & time compression/dilation introduced in WMP 9 Series). It supports local playback, streaming playback with multicast streams and progressive downloads.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541950", "score": "1.0317965", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "a supported audio codec, deciding in favor of the more industry-prevalent MPEG and Dolby audio codecs. Each WMA file features a single audio track in one of the four sub-formats: WMA, WMA Pro, WMA Lossless, or WMA Voice. Each codec is further explained below. Windows Media Audio (WMA) is the most common codec of the four WMA codecs. Colloquial usage of the term \"WMA\", especially in marketing materials and device specifications, usually refers to this codec only. The first version of the codec released in 1999 is regarded as WMA 1. In the same year, the bit stream syntax, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459842", "score": "1.0288967", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "Windows Media Audio Windows Media Audio (WMA) is the name of a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as \"WMA\", was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs. \"WMA Pro\", a newer and more advanced codec, supports multichannel and high resolution audio. A lossless codec, \"WMA Lossless\", compresses audio data without loss of audio fidelity (the regular WMA format is lossy). \"WMA Voice\", targeted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459836", "score": "1.0287163", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "Dolby Digital (AC-3) decoders were included beginning with Windows Media Player 11 on Windows Vista (Home Premium and Ultimate editions only). Windows Media Player 12 adds native support for H.264 and MPEG-4 Part 2 video formats, ALAC, AAC audio and 3GP, MP4 and MOV container formats. Windows Media Player 12 is also able to play AVCHD formats (\".M2TS\" and \".mts\"). As of Windows 10, Windows Media Player 12 can play FLAC , HEVC, ASS and SubRip subtitle, and Matroska container formats. Windows Media Player Mobile 10 on Windows Mobile 6.5 supports MP3, ASF, WMA and WMV using WMV or MPEG-4", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541959", "score": "1.0282199", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "earlier versions of Windows Media Player played WMA files, support for WMA file creation was not added until the seventh version. In 2003, Microsoft released new audio codecs that were not compatible with the original WMA codec. These codecs were \"Windows Media Audio 9 Professional\", \"Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless\", and \"Windows Media Audio 9 Voice\". All versions of WMA released since version 9.0 - namely 9.1, 9.2 and 10 - have been backwards compatible with the original v9 decoder and are therefore not considered separate codecs. The sole exception to this is the WMA 10 Professional codec whose Low", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459839", "score": "1.0265515", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "high bit-rate song files to suitable portable devices (i.e. those capable of using file formats such as WMA Lossless, mp3-360kbs, etc.). For example, some users have created large song libraries on their PCs containing .wma formatted song files using the high bit-rate WMA Lossless (WMA-LL) protocol, or using other high bit-rate song file formats. The WMA-LL protocol is selectable in Windows Media Player as an option when ripping songs from CDs. The resulting bit-rates seen on ripped WMA-LL files are often 3 to 6 times higher than 192kbs, and can typically fall anywhere in the range of 600kbs to 1200kbs,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541968", "score": "1.0172098", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Windows legacy audio components", "text": "available. The Multimedia Extensions were released to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), mainly CD-ROM drive and sound card manufacturers, and added basic multimedia support for audio input and output and a CD audio player application to Windows 3.0. The Multimedia Extensions' new features were not available in Windows 3.0 real mode, only in standard and 386 enhanced mode. Windows 3.1x would later incorporate many of its features. Microsoft developed the Windows Sound System sound card specification to complement these extensions. In Windows 95/ME, MME lacks mixing multiple audio streams during playback and device sharing, so only one audio stream can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8228841", "score": "1.0170243", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "11, it supported static lyrics and \"Synchronized Lyrics\", by which different lines of lyrics can be time-stamped, so that they display only at those times. Synchronized Lyrics also were accessible through the Advanced Tag Editor which was removed in version 12. Since Windows Media Player 9 Series, the player supports crossfading, audio dynamic range (Quiet Mode) for WMA Pro and WMA Lossless, and auto volume leveling for certain media which includes volume level/gain information such as MP3 or Windows Media. The player also supports extensive configurable privacy and security settings. The player has Windows Explorer shell integration to add files", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541974", "score": "1.0161074", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Advanced Systems Format", "text": "playback from digital media servers, HTTP servers, and local storage devices such as hard disk drives. The most common media contained within an ASF file are Windows Media Audio (WMA) and Windows Media Video (WMV). The most common file extensions for ASF files are extension .WMA (audio-only files using Windows Media Audio, with MIME-type codice_1) and .WMV (files containing video, using the Windows Media Audio and Video codecs, with MIME-type codice_2). These files are identical to the old .ASF files but for their extension and MIME-type. The different extensions are used to make it easier to identify the content of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1997547", "score": "1.014828", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "files, the best quality files are obtained by leaving the down-conversion process switched off (unchecked) for that specific device. In Windows Media Player Version 11, switching off the down-conversion function is done in the Quality tab of the Advanced Options of the Sync settings for the device. In Windows Media Player Version 12, switching off the down-conversion function is done in the Quality tab of the Properties for the device in the Select Settings for the device in the Sync Options menu. When set up in such a way, Windows Media Player's 'Sync' function can be used to sync unchanged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541967", "score": "1.0140395", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "File Explorer", "text": "Explorer pane displaying details for the object currently selected, is turned on by default. For certain file types, such as pictures and media files, a preview is also displayed in the left pane. The Windows 2000 Explorer featured an interactive media player as the previewer for sound and video files. However, such a previewer can be enabled in Windows ME through the use of folder customization templates. Windows Explorer in Windows 2000 and Windows ME allows for custom thumbnail previewers and tooltip handlers. The default file tooltip displays file title, author, subject and comments; this metadata may be read from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2571635", "score": "1.0098096", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "Windows Media Player 10 Mobile, newer Toshiba Gigabeat and Motorola devices, and devices running recent versions of the Rockbox alternative firmware. In addition, WMA Pro is a requirement for the WMV HD certification program. On the software side, Verizon utilizes WMA 10 Pro for its V CAST Music Service, and Windows Media Player 11 has promoted the codec as an alternative to WMA for copying audio CD tracks. WMA Pro is supported in Silverlight as of version 2 (though only in stereo mode). In the absence of the appropriate audio hardware, WMA Pro can automatically downmix multichannel audio to stereo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459851", "score": "1.0079222", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "CD will be the same as the file when played back. WMA Lossless uses the same .WMA file extension as other Windows Media Audio formats. It supports 6 discrete channels and up to 24-bit/96 kHz lossless audio. The format has never been publicly documented, although an open source decoder has been reverse engineered for non-Microsoft platforms by the libav and ffmpeg projects. Windows Media Audio Lossless (WMA Lossless) is a lossless audio codec that competes with ATRAC Advanced Lossless, Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio, Shorten, Monkey's Audio, FLAC, Apple Lossless, and WavPack (Since late 2011, the last three have the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459853", "score": "1.0061433", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Windows Media Audio", "text": "all Android devices have native support for WMA files because the core Android platform doesn't support this format, but third-party software that supports it also exists. WMA format can be played in almost all Windows Mobile and later Windows Phone devices. Software that can export audio in WMA format include Windows Media Player, Windows Movie Maker, Microsoft Expression Encoder, Sony Sound Forge, GOM Player, RealPlayer, Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe Audition, and Adobe Soundbooth. Microsoft Office OneNote supports encoding in all WMA codecs, and Windows Media Encoder supports all available bit rate and resolution options as well. Open source players like", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "459863", "score": "1.0026321", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Windows Media Encoder", "text": "Media Video version 7, 8 or 9. Audio encoding uses a number of Windows Media Audio version 9.2 or version 10 (if the version 10 codecs are installed) profiles and a Windows Media Audio 9 Voice speech codec. Content can also be created as uncompressed audio or video. Windows Media Encoder 9 enables two-pass encoding to optimize quality for on-demand (streamed or download-and-play) content. It also supports variable bitrate (VBR) encoding for download-and-play scenarios. True VBR can be applied over the entire duration of a high-motion sequence, ensuring the highest quality. This version also enables scripted encoding with the wmcmd.vbs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6675424", "score": "0.9956032", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "and playlist to the \"Now Playing\" pane and other playlists can be controlled from the Windows Explorer shell itself, via right-click menu. The My Music folder also includes a separate \"My Playlists\" folder where playlists are maintained. When the player is closed and reopened, simply clicking the play button restores the last playlist even if it was not saved. Starting with Windows Media Player 10, the playlist pane is also visible from the Library view. AutoPlay handlers in Windows expose various Windows Media Player tasks. Up to version 11, it featured a taskbar-mounted \"Mini mode\" in which the most common", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541975", "score": "0.99521434", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "64, 96, 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s, WMA lossless (470 to 940 kbit/s) (9 Series on XP and later), WMA variable bitrate (from 40-75 kbit/s up to 240-355 kbit/s), MP3 at 128, 192, 256 and 320 kbit/s, or uncompressed WAV (WAV ripping in WMP 11 and later). Since WMP 9 Series, 20 bit high-resolution CDs (HDCDs) are also supported, if capable audio hardware is present. Audio can be ripped using error correction and ripped audio can be protected with Windows Media DRM. Ripping to MP3 is supported only in Windows Media Player 8 for Windows XP and later if a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "541961", "score": "0.99358845", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Windows Media Player", "long_answer": "Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format called Windows Playlist (WPL). The player is also able to utilize a digital rights management service in the form of Windows Media DRM.", "chunked_long_answer": "Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format called Windows Playlist (WPL). The player is also able to utilize a digital rights management service in the form of Windows Media DRM.", "short_answers": [ "Windows Playlist (WPL)" ] }

[ "1966" ]

[ { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The action of Stoppard's play takes place mainly \"in the wings\" of Shakespeare's, with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original's scenes. Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet, of which they have", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Haymarket in London's West End (June–August 2011). It starred Samuel Barnett and Jamie Parker. Tim Curry was originally scheduled to appear as The Player, but dropped out during preview performances at Chichester Festival Theatre, due to ill health and was replaced by Chris Andrew Mellon. In 2013, an excerpt of the play was performed by Benedict Cumberbatch (Rosencrantz) and Kobna Holdbrook-Smith (Guildenstern) on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the National Theatre. From 25 February to 6 May 2017 the play returned to The Old Vic in a production celebrating its 50th anniversary, directed by David Leveaux and starring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349649", "score": "1.3960977", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead", "text": "Sullivan). The third is Tom Stoppard's \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead\", written in 1964. The final play in the cycle is this one, \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead\", written by Horatio himself under the name Theo Horace, with the purpose of luring the real Hamlet into a final confrontation. Jordan Galland first conceived of the name, \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead\", after playing Rosencrantz in a high school production of Tom Stoppard's play \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead\" at the age of 14. Several years later he was introduced to Stoppard, who encouraged him to pursue the idea. The film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11772375", "score": "1.3619386", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead is a 2009 American independent film written and directed by Jordan Galland. The film's title refers to a fictitious play-within-the-movie, which is a comic reinterpretation of Shakespeare’s \"Hamlet\" and its aftermath and whose title is a reference to the play \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead\". The cast includes Devon Aoki, John Ventimiglia, Kris Lemche, Ralph Macchio, Jeremy Sisto and Waris Ahluwalia. The film stars Jake Hoffman (son of Dustin Hoffman). An original musical score was composed and performed by Sean Lennon. Shooting began in late November, 2007, and principal photography", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11772370", "score": "1.3395734", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead", "text": "ran in a limited cinema release in the United States on 11 June 2010. It is distributed by Indican Pictures. Website Metacritic assigned the film a 45 out of 100, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". \"Variety\" gave the film a fairly positive review stating: \"\"Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Undead\" is one sly slice of the ridiculous.\" Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead is a 2009 American independent film written and directed by Jordan Galland. The film's title refers to a fictitious play-within-the-movie, which is a comic reinterpretation of Shakespeare’s \"Hamlet\" and its aftermath and whose title", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11772377", "score": "1.3065331", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Play, Scenic and Costume Design, and Producer; the director and the three leading actors were nominated for Tonys, but did not win. The play also won Best Play from the New York Drama Critics Circle in 1968, and Outstanding Production from the Outer Critics Circle in 1969. Clive Barnes of \"The New York Times\" described the play as \"very funny, very brilliant, very chilling.\" The play was profiled in the William Goldman book \"\". The play had a 1987 New York revival by Roundabout Theatre at the Union Square Theatre, directed by Robert Carsen and featuring John Wood as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349651", "score": "1.3015902", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "a production directed by Derek Goldby and designed by Desmond Heeley at the Old Vic. It premiered on 11 April 1967, with John Stride as Rosencrantz, Edward Petherbridge as Guildenstern, Graham Crowden as the Player, and John McEnery as Hamlet. The play returned to the National Theatre on 14 December 1995 and this production with Adrian Scarborough as Rosencrantz and Simon Russell Beale as Guildenstern subsequently toured to Belfast, Cork, Bath, Newcastle, Sheffield and Bradford. In 2011 the play was revived in a production directed by Sir Trevor Nunn, opening at Chichester Festival Theatre before transferring to the Theatre Royal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349648", "score": "1.2981194", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Daniel Radcliffe as Rosencrantz and Joshua McGuire as Guildenstern. The Royal National Theatre production of \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern\" had a year-long Broadway run from 9 October 1967, through 19 October 1968, initially at the Alvin Theatre, then transferring to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on 8 January 1968. The production, which was Stoppard's first on Broadway, totalled eight previews and 420 performances. It was directed by Derek Goldby and designed by Desmond Heeley and starred Paul Hecht as the Player, Brian Murray as Rosencrantz and John Wood as Guildenstern. The play was nominated for eight Tony Awards, and won four: Best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349650", "score": "1.2943635", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "has already set sail. The audience is led to believe that the pair has no knowledge of how they got there. At first, they try to determine whether they are still alive. Eventually, they recognize that they are not dead and are on board a boat. They remember that Claudius had given them a letter to deliver to England. After some brief confusion over who actually has the letter, they find it and end up opening it. They realize that Claudius has asked for Hamlet to be killed. While Rosencrantz seems hesitant to follow their orders now, Guildenstern convinces him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349642", "score": "1.2917513", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Derek Goldby", "text": "when he directed \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead\" by the then mostly unknown Tom Stoppard. At that point, the play had been performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, but it was Goldby's 1967 National Theatre production at the Old Vic that brought the play to international attention. \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead\" went on to play on Broadway, where it was nominated for eight Tony Awards and received four, including Best Play. Goldby went on to direct several other productions on Broadway, including \"Loot\" by Joe Orton, and \"Her First Roman\", a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's \"Caesar and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11357342", "score": "1.2820562", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "Trogir, Republic of Croatia), the movie won the Golden Lion at the 47th Venice International Film Festival. The film stars Gary Oldman as Rosencrantz and Tim Roth as Guildenstern, although a running theme throughout has many characters, themselves included, uncertain as to which is which. It also features Richard Dreyfuss as the leading player, Iain Glen as Hamlet, Ian Richardson as Polonius, Joanna Miles as Gertrude, and Donald Sumpter as King Claudius. This was Stoppard's first and, to date, only film as a director. The film, like the play, focuses on Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and their actions (or lack thereof)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897614", "score": "1.2730554", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "on 17 October directed by Gordon House, with Nigel Anthony as Rosencrantz, Nicky Henson as Guildenstern, Jack May as The Player, John Duttine as Hamlet, Peter Vaughan as Claudius, Marcia Warren as Gertrude, Eileen Tully as Ophelia, Cyril Shaps as Polonius and Alex Jennings as a Tragedian. Film rights to the play were originally bought by MGM in 1968 for a reported $350,000 plus 10% of the profits. John Boorman was announced as director with Bob Chartoff and Irwin Winkler to produce. The film was not made, however. The play was eventually adapted for a film released in February 1990,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349653", "score": "1.2688758", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "When the lights come on again, Hamlet has vanished (in \"Hamlet\" it is reported that he was kidnapped by pirates from the ship). Rosencrantz and Guildenstern panic, and re-read the letter to find that it now calls for them to be put to death instead of the prince. Guildenstern cannot understand why he and Rosencrantz are so important as to necessitate their executions. The Player tells Guildenstern that all paths end in death. Guildenstern snaps and draws the Player's dagger from his belt, shouting at him that his portrayals of death do not do justice to the real thing. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349644", "score": "1.2641584", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead", "text": "New York City detectives (Jeremy Sisto and Lou Carbonneau) chase suspects as the movie builds to its climactic sequence. Theo's play, \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead\", is revealed in short segments throughout the movie. Its basic plot points are that Hamlet's friend Horatio (played by Theo) is a master vampire, over 2000 years old, who had once lived in ancient Rome. Through a series of twists and turns, Hamlet and his simple-minded friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, become vampires themselves. When Horatio attempts to turn Hamlet's girlfriend Ophelia into a vampire, she thwarts him by drowning herself first. Hamlet angrily confronts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11772373", "score": "1.260684", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Player, Stephen Lang as Rosencrantz and John Rubinstein as Guildenstern. It ran for 40 performances from 29 April to 28 June 1987. Several times since 1995, the American Shakespeare Center has mounted repertories that included both \"Hamlet\" and \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern\", with the same actors performing the same roles in each; in their 2001 and 2009 seasons the two plays were \"directed, designed, and rehearsed together to make the most out of the shared scenes and situations\". The play has been adapted by Stoppard twice for BBC Radio 3: A 1983 radio adaptation was broadcast on the BBC World Service", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349652", "score": "1.258128", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play)", "text": "was given in 1938 with Grahame Clifford as Claudius, Erik Chitty as Guildenstern, Leonard Sachs as Rosencrantz, and Peter Ridgeway as Hamlet. The play continues to receive occasional productions. It figures in the plot of the 2009 film \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead\". 1874 was a busy year for Gilbert. He illustrated \"The Piccadilly Annual\"; supervised a revival of \"Pygmalion and Galatea\"; and, besides \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern\", he wrote \"Charity\"; a play about the redemption of a fallen woman; a dramatisation of \"Ought We to Visit Her?\" (a novel by Annie Edwardes), an adaptation from the French, \"Committed for Trial\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11834700", "score": "1.2535074", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "on an attacking pirate ship. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern worry about what they are to do now that Hamlet is gone, unaware that Hamlet has altered the letter so that it calls for their deaths rather than his own. The Player finishes the action by reading the letter that sentences them to death. Guildenstern, still trying to struggle against destiny, stabs The Player with the other man's dagger, only to find that the weapon is a theatrical prop. Scenes of the deaths of Ophelia, Laertes, Gertrude, Claudius and Hamlet are shown, and both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, finally accepting their fate, are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897618", "score": "1.251938", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "with screenplay and direction by Stoppard. The motion picture is Stoppard's only film directing credit: \"[I]t began to become clear that it might be a good idea if I did it myself—at least the director wouldn't have to keep wondering what the author meant. It just seemed that I'd be the only person who could treat the play with the necessary disrespect.\" The cast included Gary Oldman as Rosencrantz, Tim Roth as Guildenstern, Richard Dreyfuss as the Player, Joanna Roth as Ophelia, Ian Richardson as Polonius, Joanna Miles as Gertrude, Donald Sumpter as Claudius, and Iain Glen as Hamlet. Rosencrantz", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349654", "score": "1.25064", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "hanged. The film ends with the tragedians packing up their cart and continuing on their way. Critical reaction for the film tended towards the positive, with an overall rating of 64% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 28 reviews. A common criticism in negative reviews was that the material is more suited to the stage than to the screen; examples include Vincent Canby's review, in which he says, \"[Stoppard] delights in sounds and meanings, in puns, in flights of words that soar and swoop as if in visual display. On the stage, this sort of thing can be great", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897619", "score": "1.2504733", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "within the play of \"Hamlet\". The film begins as they travel on horseback to Elsinore, contemplating fate, memory and language. Rosencrantz finds and continually flips a coin which always comes up heads, causing Guildenstern to conclude that something is wrong with reality. They meet a travelling troupe of tragedians on the way, and during their conversation with the lead Player, they are mysteriously transported into the action of \"Hamlet\" at Elsinore. They wander around the castle, trying to catch up to the action and understand what is going on by listening to other parts of the play. They are asked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897615", "score": "1.2483488", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film) Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead is a 1990 comedy-drama film written and directed by Tom Stoppard based on his play of the same name. Like the play, the film depicts two minor characters from William Shakespeare's play \"Hamlet\", Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who find themselves on the road to Elsinore Castle at the behest of the King of Denmark. They encounter a band of players before arriving to find that they are needed to try to discern what troubles the prince Hamlet. Meanwhile, they ponder the meaning of their existence. Filmed in Trogir, Yugoslavia (now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897613", "score": "1.2475991", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead", "text": "was completed on December 23, 2007. It was filmed entirely in New York City with the Red Digital Cinema Camera, an extra-high-definition video camera. Julian Marsh (Jake Hoffman), an unemployed young lothario, is forced by his doctor dad (Chip Zien) to accept a job directing an off-Broadway play called \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead\", which is described as a weird adaptation of \"Hamlet\". The play has been written by a mysterious, pallid Romanian named Theo Horace (John Ventimiglia), a vampire who has just killed a young woman (Bijou Phillips). Unaware of the danger that surrounds Theo's play, Julian casts his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11772371", "score": "1.2415547", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "1991 Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead. In 2011, \"Total Film\" named Oldman's portrayal of Rosencrantz as one of his best, and wrote, \"He's a blitz of brilliant comedy timing and pitch perfect line delivery. Crucially, he's also hysterical.\" The film was released on DVD in the UK in 2003, and in the US in 2005, featuring interviews with Oldman, Roth, Dreyfuss, and Stoppard. Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film) Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead is a 1990 comedy-drama film written and directed by Tom Stoppard based on his play of the same name. Like the play, the film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897621", "score": "1.2375875", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Gonzago\". The play moves beyond the scope of what the reader sees in \"Hamlet\"; characters resembling Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are seen taking a sea voyage and meeting their deaths at the hands of English courtiers, foreshadowing their true fate. Rosencrantz does not quite make the connection, but Guildenstern is frightened into a verbal attack on the Tragedians' inability to capture the real essence of death. The stage becomes dark. When the stage is once again visible, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern lie in the same position as had the actors portraying their deaths. The partners are upset that they have become the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349640", "score": "1.2357452", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "uncle, Claudius, who murdered Hamlet's father to obtain the throne), discovered en route a letter from the King carried by his old but now untrusted friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The letter commanded Hamlet's death upon his arrival in England. Hamlet rewrote the letter to command Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's deaths and escaped back to Denmark. By the end of Shakespeare's play, Prince Hamlet, Laertes, Ophelia, Polonius, King Claudius and Queen Gertrude all lie dead. An ambassador from England arrives to bluntly report \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead\" (\"Hamlet\". Act V, Scene II, line 411) and so they join all the stabbed,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349631", "score": "1.23109", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern", "text": "Hamlet finds and rewrites the letter, instructing the executioner to kill Rosencrantz and Guildenstern instead. When their ship is attacked by pirates, Hamlet returns to Denmark, leaving Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to die; he comments in , Scene 2 that \"They are not near my conscience; their defeat / Does by their own insinuation grow\". Ambassadors returning later report that \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead.\" As agents of the corruption infecting the court, the two contribute to setting up the confrontation between Hamlet and Claudius. Shakespeare expects the audience to appreciate the poetic justice of their deaths: while they are very", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3776838", "score": "1.2306826", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are characters in William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Hamlet\". They are childhood friends of Hamlet, summoned by King Claudius to distract the prince from his apparent madness and if possible to ascertain the cause of it. The characters were revived in W. S. Gilbert's satire, \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern\", and as the alienated heroes of Tom Stoppard's absurdist play, \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead\", which was adapted into a film. \"Rosencrantz\" (\"rosary\") and \"Gyldenstjerne/Gyllenstierna\" (\"golden star\") were names of Danish (and Norwegian, and Swedish) noble families of the 16th century; records of the Danish royal coronation of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3776834", "score": "1.2295446", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Dawud Wharnsby", "text": "\"Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead\". At the age of 19 Wharnsby began performing throughout Southern Ontario as a solo musical artist and as a member of various musical groups. His first professional work as a musician was with folk quartet Crakenthorpe's Teapot, hired to perform on street corners of their hometown. Wharnsby travelled extensively throughout Ontario, England and Scotland during 1993 and 1994 as a solo busker – singing informally on street corners and in parks to market and share his music. In 1993 he started his own independent recording entity, Three Keyed Maple Seeds, which in 1996 was renamed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5500241", "score": "1.2267593", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)", "text": "fun ... In the more realistic medium of film, so many words can numb the eardrums and weigh upon the eyelids like old coins. This is the effect of 'Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead'.\" Similarly, Roger Ebert states that \"the problem is that this material was never meant to be a film, and can hardly work as a film.\" Gary Oldman received critical acclaim for his performance by many critics. The film won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival as well as the Fantasporto Directors' Week Award. For his work in the film, Oldman was nominated for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897620", "score": "1.2256036", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "poisoned, and drowned key characters. By the end of \"Hamlet\", Horatio is the only main figure left alive. A previous, satirical play of a similar nature named \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern\" was written by W. S. Gilbert in 1874 and performed in 1891. The play concerns the misadventures and musings of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two minor characters from William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" who are childhood friends of the prince, focusing on their actions with the events of \"Hamlet\" as background. \"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead\" is structured as the inverse of \"Hamlet\"; the title characters are the leads, not supporting players, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "349632", "score": "1.2197174", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "long_answer": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The action of Stoppard's play takes place mainly \"in the wings\" of Shakespeare's, with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original's scenes. Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet, of which they have no direct knowledge.", "chunked_long_answer": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The action of Stoppard's play takes place mainly \"in the wings\" of Shakespeare's, with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original's scenes. Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet, of which they have", "short_answers": [ "1966" ] }

[ "Kathy Najimy" ]

[ { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know that Eileen has never wanted Lacey to marry a white man. Meanwhile, Eileen decides to get a Christmas tree and cuts down one with a yellow ribbon wrapped around it in the backyard, not knowing that Kim planted the tree in memory of her deceased father. When Eileen learns of this, she expresses no remorse,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "while helping Connor with the farm animals, Madea reveals to Connor and Buddy that she knows Connor and Lacey are together (but not that they are married). When Connor informs Madea of this, also stating that Lacey is planning to tell Eileen about their marriage on Christmas day, Madea warns that Eileen will become upset. While at the school that same day, it is discovered by the mayor and several towns people - including Tanner McCoy - that Oliver's representatives require that if they are going to sponsor the jubilee, it must be a holiday jubilee. This means that there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295881", "score": "1.2522523", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "come by and pick her up. Buddy, Kim, and Madea try to convince her to come back into the house, but to no avail. The three give up on Eileen, resulting in her deciding to walk into town and take a bus back to Atlanta. Connor walks into him and Lacey's bedroom and finds Lacey sitting on the bed, thinking about all that has happened to her that day. Lacey reveals that Tanner caused her to lose her job, setting Connor off. He storms out of the house in a fit of rage, gets into his truck and heads off", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295884", "score": "1.1988727", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "Back at Connor and Lacey's house, Eileen finally accepts Connor and Lacey's marriage. However, not everything has yet been settled, as Tanner and his wife pull up to the house. Connor at first demands that they leave his property, but Tanner apologizes for the things he has done and thanks Eileen for saving him. After the reconciliation, Connor asks Tanner if he wants to help him with the corn, to which Tanner gratefully says yes. At the Christmas Jubilee, Lacey thanks the Sheldon Construction Company for helping to sponsor the event (while at the same time announcing promises to help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295886", "score": "1.1917174", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "the town that were not in the original agreement, knowing that the company would have no choice but to oblige considering the repercussions if they were to back out). Bailey sings \"Mary, Did You Know\", with his parents cheering him on. Lacey also reveals to Oliver that she is married to Connor as the jubilee commences. The soundtrack for the film was released in stores by Motown Records November 25. This was the first soundtrack to a Tyler Perry film since 2010's \"For Colored Girls\" and the first Madea soundtrack since 2006's \"Madea's Family Reunion\" and 2008's \"Meet the Browns\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295887", "score": "1.171723", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "Maria Horsford). Madea gets fed up with the customers and starts speaking rudely, causing herself to get fired on her first day. She then asks for her paycheck, but her boss tells her they will mail it. Infuriated, Madea steals a dress and some money from the cash register, then leaves. Meanwhile, Eileen's daughter, Lacey Williams (Tika Sumpter), who is working as a teacher at a small school in Alabama and married to a white man named Connor (Eric Lively), has many problems on her hands: the school does not have enough money to fund its annual Christmas Jubilee. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295874", "score": "1.1689163", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "angers the townsfolk, thus pressuring Lacey to have her ex-boyfriend, Oliver (JR Lemon), fund the school through his business. Lacey also wants one of her students, Bailey McCoy (Noah Urrea) to sing in the Christmas Jubilee. Stuck with many issues to deal with, she tells her mother that she will not be able to come home for Christmas. Eileen, determined to see her daughter for Christmas, decides to pay Lacey a surprise visit. She brings Madea, who is hesitant at first, with her, and has Oliver, who is on his way with a contract for the sponsorship, as their ride,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295875", "score": "1.1449969", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "A Madea Christmas (film) Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas is a 2013 American Christmas comedy-drama film directed, written, produced by and starring Tyler Perry. This is the first Christmas themed film from the writer-director; and also an adaptation of his play of the same name, though it has a completely different plot. This is the seventeenth film by Perry, and the eighth in the \"Madea\" franchise. It was released in theaters on December 13, 2013. In Atlanta, Georgia, Mabel \"Madea\" Simmons (Tyler Perry) has been talked into getting a job at a local store by her great-niece Eileen Murphy (Anna", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295873", "score": "1.1324252", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "as Eileen feels that Lacey and Oliver could still be a couple. The trio then head to Alabama, where Lacey lives. Following a short run-in with the Ku Klux Klan, the trio eventually make it to Alabama. This makes things awkward, since Lacey was not expecting her mother to come see her, and Eileen has never wanted Lacey to marry a white man. Lacey has made her mother believe that Connor is the \"farm help\" at her house. Lacey's student Bailey is the son of Tanner McCoy, who Connor has had issues with since childhood. Connor is threatened by Tanner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295876", "score": "1.1177802", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "to Tanner's house, Buddy riding along. While walking to town, Eileen discovers Tanner in \"his\" truck, which has been crashed and knocked upside down. Eileen helps Tanner out of the truck before it explodes. Connor and Buddy drive up to this. Connor punches Tanner in the face and demands that Eileen get into his truck. He tells Tanner to stay away from him and Lacey and says that he is planting the corn that Tanner told him not to plant. Connor, Buddy and Eileen then drive away, while Tanner, now with a change of heart, walks back to his house.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295885", "score": "1.1076111", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (musical play)", "text": "A Madea Christmas (musical play) A Madea Christmas is a 2011 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Perry as Madea and Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam. The members of the Mansell family—who can be identified without fear of stereotyping as mean mother Lilian (Chandra Currelley-Young), pompous father John (Maurice Lauchner), restless daughter China (Támar Davis), and virginal son Japan (Zuri Craig)—prepare for the holiday feast with the help of their saintly maid Margaret (Cheryl Pepsii Riley) and their mouthy chef Hattie (Patrice Lovely). Eager to impress China's super-rich beau/presumed fiancé Bobby (Shannon Williams),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15526903", "score": "1.1031857", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Madea", "text": "was the ghost of Christmas past, present, and future. In this form, she tried to teach him a lesson about his killjoy behavior. In the episode \"Wife Swap\", Curtis' wife Ella chastises him for taking her for granted. That night, Curtis has an extended nightmare where he is married to Madea instead of Ella. On another TBS series, \"Meet the Browns\", Madea is said to be the mother of Cora Simmons as a result of a one-night stand with the show's lead character, She is an unseen character throughout the series. On January 21, 2015, Madea made a special guest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5842011", "score": "1.0785487", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (musical play)", "text": "is only connected to the stageplay via name-only. Otherwise, it has a completely different storyline and different characters. A Madea Christmas (musical play) A Madea Christmas is a 2011 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Perry as Madea and Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam. The members of the Mansell family—who can be identified without fear of stereotyping as mean mother Lilian (Chandra Currelley-Young), pompous father John (Maurice Lauchner), restless daughter China (Támar Davis), and virginal son Japan (Zuri Craig)—prepare for the holiday feast with the help of their saintly maid Margaret (Cheryl Pepsii", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15526905", "score": "1.07387", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "may not be any references to Jesus, God, or the Bible. The company that is sponsoring the event is Sheldon Construction Company, which caused the jobs of many of the citizens in the town to shut down. Angered at these facts, Tanner and the other citizens convince the mayor to fire Lacey. This upsets Bailey, and he complains to his father, who does not take what his son (or his wife) says into consideration. Later that day, Buddy and Kim learn of Eileen's beliefs and become offended. Kim threatens Eileen, causing Eileen to try and kick Connor's parents out of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295882", "score": "1.0458686", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Matreya Fedor", "text": "music video for the song Never Too Late by Three Days Grace. She also appeared in a commercial for Carnival Cruise Lines. Matreya was cast as Ava in the 2015 UpTV Network movie \"My One Christmas Wish\" starring \"Glee\" actress Amber Riley. Matreya Fedor Matreya Natasha Fedor (born March 11, 1997) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Echo Zizzleswift in \"Mr. Young\", and for her recurring roles as Phoebe Collins in \"The Troop\" and as Allison Weston in \"Cedar Cove\". Matreya Fedor was born on March 11, 1997 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Since 2006,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16664444", "score": "1.0435171", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Tika Sumpter", "text": "in the Christmas comedy-drama film \"A Madea Christmas\" by Tyler Perry. In same year, Sumpter began starring as Candace Young, a lead villainess, in the Oprah Winfrey Network soapy drama series \"The Haves and the Have Nots\", also created by Tyler Perry. The series received negative reviews from critics, like other of Perry's works, but was the biggest hit in ratings for Oprah Winfrey Network, to date. Sumpter played the female lead in \"Ride Along\", the 2014 action comedy film directed by Tim Story, opposite Kevin Hart and Ice Cube. She returned to the role in its sequel \"Ride Along", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5707524", "score": "1.029248", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Madea", "text": "those plays. In the TBS comedy-drama \"House of Payne\" pilot episode \"Bully and the Beast\", Madea was the foster mother of Nikki. She factored into the plot through a school altercation between her adopted daughter and Curtis Payne's (the series' protagonist) great-nephew Malik. Curtis takes a particular disliking to Madea, who is not in the least bit intimidated by Curtis at all. Rather conversely, Curtis became intimidated by Madea and had nightmares about her. In the episode \"The Wench Who Saved Christmas\", Curtis tries to discourage everyone from having the Christmas spirit. He later fell asleep and dreamt that Madea", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5842010", "score": "1.0287803", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Alicia Witt", "text": "in 2013: the feature film \"Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas\", \"A Snow Globe Christmas\" for Lifetime Channel, and \"A Very Merry Mix-Up\" for Hallmark Channel, and in 2014 Hallmark Channel's \"Christmas at Cartwright's\". Also in 2014, Witt appeared in a major guest starring role on the DirecTV series \"Kingdom\", which aired that October. Witt was a regular part of the cast of \"Justified\" in Season 5, which began airing in January 2014. In April 2016, Witt appeared in two episodes of the hit series \"The Walking Dead\"; the same month, it was announced that she would also be reprising her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3048402", "score": "1.0219114", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Raquel Monteza", "text": "\"Sana Ikaw na nga\" (2001) starring Dingdong Dantes and Tanya Gomez, \"Te Amo\" (2004) as Mercy, Undang's bubbly mother, starring Iza Calzado, \"Marimar\" (2007) as Innocencia stariing Marian Rivera and Dingdong Dantes aired in GMA Network, and (2012) starring Arci Munoz, Ahron Villena and Carla Humphries, \"Ang Panday\" (2016) as Tiya Flor starring Richard Gutierrez. aired in TV5. Monteza was born to an American father and a Filipino mother. She is married to former actor Jun Soler and is the mother of actors Ryan Soler (a FAMAS Best Child Actor awardee) and Symon Soler, who also became the lead singer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17480355", "score": "1.0168687", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Elijah Connor", "text": "Elijah Connor Elijah Connor (born July 20, 1988 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American pop singer, songwriter and actor. He is best known for his role on Donald Trump's reality television series \"The Ultimate Merger\". He landed a minor role in the movie \"Sparkle\" starring Whitney Houston, Mike Epps, and Jordin Sparks. He played himself in the NBC/Oxygen drama series \"Player Gets Played\". His latest single \"Playa\" is currently #68 on the Billboard Charts and #17 on the charts in Europe and South Africa. Connor graduated from Oakland County’s Oak Park High school. He was studying medicine in college, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19977990", "score": "1.0153018", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Connor Walsh (character)", "text": "by Annalise, Oliver proposes to Connor asking to marry him and \"make a million babies\". Connor spends most of his time with the Keating 5 and Oliver, his husband. It is shown that he is closest with Michaela (Aja Naomi King). After learning about Connor applying for Stanford, Michaela asks him to stay back saying \"I can't survive here without you\". She also lets Connor crash at her place after Oliver breaks up with him and defends him after learning about Connor's role on the night Wes was murdered, even though Asher (Matt McGorry) and Laurel (Karla Souza) don't believe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19666845", "score": "1.0129135", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "on November 25, 2014. The DVD contains a first look at the opening of the then-upcoming animated feature \"Madea's Tough Love\". On November 8,2018 it was announced that a sequel is in the works. Tyler Perry after doing \"Boo! 2: A Madea Halloween\" planned on making a sequel for another film. The sequel is set to be released in 2020. A Madea Christmas (film) Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas is a 2013 American Christmas comedy-drama film directed, written, produced by and starring Tyler Perry. This is the first Christmas themed film from the writer-director; and also an adaptation of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295889", "score": "1.0123309", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Alice Connor", "text": "Alice Connor Alice Rose Connor (born 2 August 1990) is a British actress, born in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known for her roles in the television adaptation of Jacqueline Wilson's novel \"The Illustrated Mum\", in the children's television series \"The New Worst Witch\" (a spin-off from \"The Worst Witch\"), and in the film \"The Thief Lord\" as Hornet. She first started acting as \"Alice\" in \"Fun Song Factory\" when she was 8. She also had a small part in the 2001 movie \"A Knight's Tale\" when she was 9. In 2007 she began filming for a new television series,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8928091", "score": "1.0123259", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dad (Angel)", "text": "his son, Connor. Gunn arrives with a stroller, and the gang head home where they hope to be safe for a while. Angel's son Connor - a traditional Irish name meaning 'counsellor' - is played by a set of identical triplets, Connor Hanley, Jake Matthew and Trenton Lee Tupen, so that no individual baby would have to be on set for too long. They were born on August 9, 2001 at Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center to Julie and Matt Tupen. Dad (Angel) \"Dad\" is episode 10 of season 3 in the television show \"Angel\". After Darla sacrifices herself", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6514211", "score": "1.0106863", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Nicole Gale Anderson", "text": "Nicole Gale Anderson Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series \"Beauty & the Beast\". She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series \"Jonas\", and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series \"Make It or Break It\" and \"Ravenswood\". Anderson was born in Rochester, Indiana. Her father is an American who served as a Commander in the United States Navy, and her mother is of Filipino ethnicity. As a child,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13140539", "score": "1.0072054", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "not to plant corn, which \"he\" wants to do, saying he will beat him up, as he did frequently when they were children, if he is not coerced. Lacey goes to the meeting with the school principal, Oliver, and the town mayor to go over the contract for Oliver's representatives' sponsorship of the jubilee. While she is out, Madea looks after Lacey's class. Bailey walks into the class late and begins to get bullied by the girls of his class. Madea tells the meanest of them to leave Bailey alone and that they need to learn to be nicer to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17295877", "score": "1.0048796", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A Christmas Melody", "text": "A Christmas Melody A Christmas Melody, also known under its working title of \"Mistletoe & Melody\", is a 2015 American Christmas television film and the feature film directorial debut of Mariah Carey, who co-stars with Lacey Chabert. It was filmed in October 2015, and debuted on the Hallmark Channel on December 19, 2015. The film was viewed by 3.95 million people upon its debut. Widowed mother Kristin (Lacey Chabert) has recently moved back to her home town of Silver Falls, Ohio with her daughter Emily (Fina Strazza) after her fashion business in Los Angeles folded. The process has been difficult", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19158312", "score": "1.0020641", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Madea's Neighbors from Hell", "text": "Madea's Neighbors from Hell Madea's Neighbors From Hell is a 2014 parodic comedy-drama play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Mabel \"Madea\" Simmons, and Madea's neighborhood takes a turn for the worse when a foster mother moves in with her unruly kids. The play starts out as Patti (Alexis Hollins) is checking out her house when she is dropping off Ruth's (Rhonda Davis) new foster children, Tay (Kimani Jackson), Karen (Chelsea Reynolds) and Shannon (Jayna Brown). Patti tries to talk Ruth into getting more foster children since she moved in a bigger house.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18393055", "score": "1.0016251", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Irma Adlawan", "text": "Cervantes' \"Angkan\", and Mario O'Hara's \"Mama\". Later on, she would appear frequently in primetime teleseryes such as \"Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan\", \"Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay\", \"Mga Anghel na Walang Langit\", and \"Encantadia\". In 2006, she was cast in the recurring role of Imelda Magsaysay, the mother of Celine Magsaysay (played by Anne Curtis), in the highly successful ABS-CBN teleserye, Maging Sino Ka Man. Her other TV credits include Clara Rivero in Lobo, Margarita Fortalejo-Cervantes in \"Precious Hearts Romances Presents: Kristine\" in 2010, Mantal in \"Amaya\" in 2011, and numerous guest appearances in ABS-CBN and GMA Network's respective drama anthologies,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17554787", "score": "0.9996589", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ion Overman", "text": "corrupt fiance in Tyler Perry's 2009 comedy-drama \"Madea Goes to Jail\". In 2013, Ion starred in the \"Tunnel Vision\" as the detective trying to find the murderer and who befriends the murdered family's patriarch, who also barely survived being murdered. Overman had a recurring role on \"Ghost Whisperer\" from 2008 to 2010 playing Det. Sam Blair. She also had a recurring arc on \"Desperate Housewives\" playing Maria Scott during season five. She also has appeared on \"Two and a Half Men\", \"Castle\" and \"NCIS\". From 2017 to 2018, Overman co-starred as Det. Elena Ruiz on the CBS drama series, \"Wisdom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9827465", "score": "0.99935555", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "long_answer": "Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know that Eileen has never wanted Lacey to marry a white man. Meanwhile, Eileen decides to get a Christmas tree and cuts down one with a yellow ribbon wrapped around it in the backyard, not knowing that Kim planted the tree in memory of her deceased father. When Eileen learns of this, she expresses no remorse, upsetting Kim. That night, Eileen walks in on Buddy and Kim, seeing Buddy with a sheet over his head, convincing her that Buddy is in the KKK. Now scared, she bars the door to the room that she and Madea are sharing.", "chunked_long_answer": "Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know that Eileen has never wanted Lacey to marry a white man. Meanwhile, Eileen decides to get a Christmas tree and cuts down one with a yellow ribbon wrapped around it in the backyard, not knowing that Kim planted the tree in memory of her deceased father. When Eileen learns of this, she expresses no remorse,", "short_answers": [ "Kathy Najimy" ] }

[ "Augustus Waters" ]

[ { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "following afternoon, they go to Van Houten's house, but are shocked to find he is a mean-spirited alcoholic. Lidewij arranged the meeting and their dinner without Van Houten knowing anything about it. Angered by his assistant's actions, he taunts Hazel for seeking serious answers to a piece of fiction and belittles her medical condition. She leaves, utterly distraught. Lidewij invites them to go sightseeing to make up for their ruined experience. The three visit the Anne Frank House, where Hazel struggles to climb the house's many stairs. They spend that night together in their hotel and have sex for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324991", "score": "1.3587735", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "gave the film 4 stars. He said Woodley's performance as Hazel was \"transcendent, pure and authentic\", stating that, \"she's that memorable.\" Scott Mendelson of \"Forbes\" magazine said the film is \"exceptionally high-quality mainstream entertainment\" and called it \"a genuine work of art.\" Anna Smith of \"Empire\" said it was a, \"touching romance and Shailene Woodley's best performance yet.\" Emma Dibdin of Digital Spy wrote \"\"The Fault in Our Stars\" is a sharp and emotionally-sophisticated weepie that imbues its teenage characters with rare intelligence, and tackles its bleak subject matter with acerbic wit and tenderness.\" Andy Lea of the \"Daily Star\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325009", "score": "1.339612", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "plays the father of a young girl who asks about Hazel's cannula while at the airport. Green said: \"They cut [the scene] because it was totally unnecessary to the movie-slash-I was terrible.\" Principal photography began on August 26, 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Film locations included Oakmont, Pennsylvania, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the historic The Mansions on Fifth hotel. The church scenes were filmed at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in the Pittsburgh suburb of Mt. Lebanon. Filming in Pennsylvania continued until October 10, then the production moved to Amsterdam, where filming began on October 14. Filming was officially completed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324998", "score": "1.3352177", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "and Oscar winner A.R. Rahman will compose its music. Actress Sanjana Sanghi was announced as the female lead later that month. The Fault in Our Stars (film) The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic tragedy film directed by Josh Boone, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by John Green. The film stars Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, Laura Dern, Sam Trammell, Nat Wolff, and Willem Dafoe playing supporting roles. Woodley plays Hazel Grace Lancaster, a sixteen-year-old cancer patient who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she meets and subsequently falls", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325019", "score": "1.2929366", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "drunk. Horrified by Van Houten's behavior, Lidewij confesses to having arranged the meeting on his behalf, angering Van Houten, who proceeds to insult Hazel's cancer, starting an argument and causing Hazel and Augustus to flee from his home. Then, they go to the Anne Frank House, where Augustus and Hazel share their first kiss. Later that night they have sex in Augustus's hotel room, the first time for both of them. During their intimacy, Hazel tells Augustus she loves him. Augustus confesses to Hazel that his cancer has returned. The two affirm their love and support for one another. Upon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724376", "score": "1.2774482", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "but we do get to choose whom we allow to hurt us, and that he is happy with his choice, and hopes she likes hers too. The book closes with Hazel stating that she is happy with her choice. On December 21, 2011, Barnes & Noble accidentally shipped 1,500 copies of \"The Fault in Our Stars\" before the release date to people who had pre-ordered the book. Green released a statement saying, \"Mistakes happen. The people who made this error were not bad or incompetent people, and they were not acting maliciously. We all make mistakes, and it is not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724378", "score": "1.2756239", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "she use the \"cancer wish\" she received from Make-A-Wish Foundation but Hazel explains that she has already used hers to visit Walt Disney World. Augustus and Hazel go on a picnic date and begin to fall in love. Augustus surprises Hazel with tickets to Amsterdam. After a medical setback, Hazel's doctors eventually agree to allow the trip, since they expect that she will soon become incapable of doing anything at all. Hazel and Augustus arrive in Amsterdam and are presented with reservations at an expensive restaurant, pre-paid by Van Houten. During the meal, Augustus confesses his love for Hazel. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324990", "score": "1.273006", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ansel Elgort", "text": "\"The Fault in Our Stars\", opposite Woodley who would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. The film followed the story of Hazel, a teenage cancer patient, who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she subsequently meets and falls in love with Waters, an ex-basketball player. The film, directed by Josh Boone, was released on June 6, 2014. Elgort next co-starred in the comedy film \"Men, Women & Children\", directed by Jason Reitman and released in October 2014. In 2014, Elgort was named one of the best actors under twenty years of age. Elgort reunited with Chloë Grace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17284179", "score": "1.2681731", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "first time. The next day Augustus tells Hazel that his cancer has returned and spread throughout his body and is terminal. Hazel is heartbroken, expressing how unfair life can be. After their return to Indianapolis, Augustus' health worsens. He is taken to the ICU and realizes he is close to death. Augustus invites his blind best friend Isaac and Hazel to his pre-funeral, where they deliver eulogies that they have both prepared. Hazel tells him she would not trade their short time together for anything, since he \"gave me a forever within the numbered days.\" Augustus dies eight days later", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324992", "score": "1.2535484", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "sentence). Hazel explains that the novel's mysterious author, Peter Van Houten (Willem Dafoe), retreated to Amsterdam following the novel's publication and has not been heard from since. Weeks later, Augustus tells Hazel he has traced Van Houten's assistant, Lidewij, and has corresponded with Van Houten by email. She writes to him to find out more about the novel's ambiguous ending. Van Houten replies that he is only willing to answer her questions in person. Hazel asks her mother if she can travel to Amsterdam to visit him, but Frannie kindly refuses because of financial and medical constraints. Augustus suggests that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324989", "score": "1.2410753", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "28, author John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick. On September 6, he tweeted that Willem Dafoe would play Peter van Houten. Prior to these announcements, author John Green had tweeted that he would be happy if Mae Whitman played Hazel, and in February 2013, there had been speculation that Shailene Woodley and Hailee Steinfeld were among those being considered for the lead role. John Green filmed a cameo appearance; his scene was cut from the film but is included in the deleted scenes section of the film's DVD and Blu-ray releases. In the cut scene, Green", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324997", "score": "1.2388232", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "said: \"as teen romances go, this is powerful stuff.\" Wilson Morales at \"BlackFilm.com\" praised Woodley and Elgort's performances, saying they: \"are so captivating and genuine in their performances, they manage to make this intensely poignant film very moving, romantic and highly entertaining.\" \"Time\" magazine's Richard Corliss wrote: \"Hazel and Augustus will live in film lore because of the young actors who play them.\" Chris Vongar of \"Dallas Morning News\" gave the film a B+ as \"the movie is witty and alive and only very occasionally maudlin.\" \"USA Today\"s Claudia Puig called the film \"well-written, well-acted, acerbic, funny and wisely observed\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325010", "score": "1.2365746", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "and Hazel is astonished to find Van Houten at the funeral. He tells her that Augustus had demanded he attend his funeral to make up for the spoiled trip. Van Houten tells her that the novel is based on the experiences of his daughter Anna, who died from leukemia at a young age. He gives Hazel a piece of paper which she crumples up asking him to leave. Later, talking with Isaac, Hazel learns that Augustus had asked Van Houten to help him write a eulogy for her. She retrieves the crumpled paper and reads his words accepting his death", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324993", "score": "1.2276169", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "meeting to support Isaac, his friend who has eye cancer. They meet after the support group and begin to talk. When everything seems to be going well, Augustus pulls out a cigarette and puts it between his lips. Hazel is disgusted by this and yells at him saying that he's already got cancer and he wants to pay money for more cancer, Augustus explains that he does not actually light the cigarette. Hazel, impressed by this, goes to his house to watch a movie. Hazel and Augustus strike a bond immediately and agree to read each other's favorite novels. Augustus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724373", "score": "1.2055991", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (soundtrack)", "text": "The Fault in Our Stars (soundtrack) The Fault in Our Stars (Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack for the American romantic comedy-drama film \"The Fault in Our Stars\". The full track list was released on April 13, 2014, and arranged by Nate Walcott and Mike Mogis of Bright Eyes. It includes a few high-profile artists like Kodaline, Birdy and Ed Sheeran, the last of whom wrote the song for the end credits (\"All of the Stars\"). The soundtrack was released in North America on May 19, 2014, and in the United Kingdom in June 23, 2014. The lead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18206681", "score": "1.204806", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "Hazel that he has tracked down Van Houten's assistant, Lidewij, and, through her, has managed to start an e-mail correspondence with Van Houten. The two write to Van Houten with questions regarding the novel's ending and the fate of the mother of Anna. Van Houten eventually replies, explaining that he can only answer Hazel's questions in person. At a picnic, Augustus surprises Hazel with tickets to Amsterdam to meet Van Houten. While on the plane to Amsterdam, Augustus confesses his love for Hazel. Hazel and Augustus finally meet Van Houten but are shocked to find that he is a mean-spirited", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724375", "score": "1.2004168", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "The Fault in Our Stars The Fault in Our Stars, published in January 2012, is the sixth novel by author John Green. The title is inspired by Act 1, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's play \"Julius Caesar\", in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with thyroid cancer that has affected her lungs. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724371", "score": "1.1950002", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "Robbie Collin writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\" said: \"Gus is something of a manic pixie dreamboat: the lesser-spotted male version of the kooky, adoring girlfriend-type sometimes played by Kirsten Dunst, Natalie Portman, and Zooey Deschanel.\" David Edelstein of NPR said: I know people who cried at the trailer of the romantic teen cancer movie \"The Fault in Our Stars\"at the movie they'll need a life preserver to keep from drowning in a flood of tears. Me, I didn't cry, though at times my tear ducts tingled; I was on the verge. The film is a little slick for my taste,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325013", "score": "1.1633648", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "gives Hazel \"The Price of Dawn\", and Hazel recommends \"An Imperial Affliction\", a novel written by Peter Van Houten, who lives in Amsterdam, about a cancer-stricken girl named Anna that parallels Hazel's own experience. After Augustus finishes reading her book, he is frustrated upon learning that the novel ends abruptly without a conclusion. The novel ends in the middle of a sentence, which means she either died or became too sick to continue telling the story. Hazel explains the novel's author had retreated following the novel's publication and has not been heard from since. A week later, Augustus reveals to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724374", "score": "1.1632653", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "me about \"The Daily Mail\" piece was that it was a bit condescending to teenagers. I'm tired of adults telling teenagers that they aren't smart, that they can't read critically, that they aren't thoughtful, and I feel like that article made those arguments.\" In January 2012, Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, optioned the rights to adapt the novel into a feature film. Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber wrote the adapted screenplay. Josh Boone signed on to direct a year later, in February 2013. Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen produced the film. Shailene Woodley stars as Hazel,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724391", "score": "1.1590959", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "their return to Indianapolis, Augustus's health worsens and he ends up in the ICU for a few days. Fearing his death, Augustus invites Isaac and Hazel to his pre-funeral, where they give eulogies. Augustus dies soon after, leaving Hazel heartbroken. Van Houten shows up at Augustus's funeral to apologize to Hazel, but Hazel does not forgive him. Hazel learns that Augustus was not writing a sequel to \"An Imperial Affliction\" like he told her, but an obituary for her, and reads it after Lidewij discovers it amidst Van Houten’s letters. It states that getting hurt in this world is inevitable,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724377", "score": "1.1472799", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "on her.\" Green said he used the word \"okay\" in the book and the film because Hazel and Augustus used it to express their love for each other; it becomes a special word between them. The original novel was inspired by the late author Esther Earl, who used the word \"okay\" with her sister Abigail. The first trailer was released on January 29, 2014. The trailer had over 3 million views in less than 24 hours, and more than 15 million views in its first seven days. A video clip was shown before the show at the 2014 MTV Movie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325004", "score": "1.1464639", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "play.\" Two Christian reviewers and some theologians have mentioned the presence of Christian themes in the film. Writing for Catholic News Agency, Robert Barron said: I don’t think it is the least bit accidental that Waters (Gus’s last name) and Grace (Hazel’s middle name) met in the sacred heart of Christ and thereby, despite their shared suffering, managed to give life to one another ... [and so] Hazel effectively repudiates her nihilism and materialism as she responds across the barrier of death to Gus’s 'okay'.\" He also noted: \"[Is] this film a satisfying presentation of Christianity? Hardly. But for those", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325015", "score": "1.1418219", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "but turned it down because of its similarity to \"Perks\". On February 19, 2013, Josh Boone was hired as director; Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber were hired to adapt the novel into a screenplaytheir second adaptation for Fox, following \"Rosaline\". On March 19, 2013, \"Entertainment Weekly\" announced that Shailene Woodley (who had recently been cast in, and was filming, \"Divergent\") would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. Director Josh Boone said: \"We read close to 150 actresses for the role, and I saw about 50 of those. Within ten or fifteen seconds of Shailene's audition, I knew she was Hazel. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324995", "score": "1.1356807", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "while Ansel Elgort plays Augustus. Nat Wolff was cast as Isaac, the friend who introduces them, and Laura Dern stars as Hazel's mother. Sam Trammell was cast as Mr. Lancaster, Hazel's father. On August 29, 2013, John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick, and on September 6, 2013, Green announced that Willem Dafoe would portray Peter Van Houten. Principal photography began on August 26, 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which doubled for the novel's setting of Indianapolis, Indiana, with a few days in Amsterdam, before concluding October 16, 2013. The film was released on June 6, 2014, in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724392", "score": "1.1265438", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "the screenplay. The film was also a blockbuster, becoming number one at the box office during its opening weekend, and grossing over $307 million worldwide against a budget of $12 million. It was released on Blu-ray and DVD on September 16, 2014, and grossed over $42 million in total domestic video sales. Hazel Grace Lancaster is a teenager living in Indianapolis, who has terminal thyroid cancer that has spread to her lungs. Believing she is depressed, her mother Frannie urges her to attend a weekly cancer patient support group to help her make friends with individuals who are going through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324987", "score": "1.1232178", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "book called it \"a blend of melancholy, sweet, philosophical and funny\" and said that it \"stays the course of tragic realism\", while noting that the book's unpleasant plot details \"do nothing to diminish the romance; in Green's hands, they only make it more moving.\" NPR's Rachel Syme noted that \"[Green's] voice is so compulsively readable that it defies categorization,\" saying that the \"elegantly plotted\" book \"may be his best.\" \"Time\" called \"The Fault in Our Stars\" \"damn near genius.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote, \"[Augustus and Hazel's] love story is as real as it is doomed, and the gut-busting laughs that come", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15724384", "score": "1.1222768", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "and about his love for her. She lies on her back on her lawn looking up at the stars, smiling as she remembers Augustus and says: \"Okay.\" On January 31, 2012, it was announced that Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, had optioned the rights to adapt John Green's novel \"The Fault in Our Stars\" for a feature film. Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen were due to produce the film with their production company, Temple Hill Entertainment. Stephen Chbosky, who directed \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (also filmed in Pittsburgh), was in talks to direct the film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17324994", "score": "1.1208432", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars (film)", "text": "Fault in Our Stars\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 16, 2014. \"The Fault in Our Stars: Little Infinities\" Blu-ray edition features the theatrical 126-minute and extended 133-minute versions of the film, a number of deleted scenes including the John Green cameo, and featurettes. The home video release grossed over $42.6 million in total domestic video sales. \"The Fault in Our Stars\" received generally positive reviews, with praise aimed at Woodley's and Elgort's performances, and the screenplay. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 80% based on 213 reviews, with an average rating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17325006", "score": "1.1194667", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "long_answer": "The Fault in Our Stars is the sixth novel by author John Green, published in January 2012. The title is inspired by Act 1, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film adaptation were met with strong critical and commercial success.", "chunked_long_answer": "Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film", "short_answers": [ "Augustus Waters" ] }

[ "10 June 1940" ]

[ { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staff, Marshal Badoglio:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "World War II by country", "text": "the D-day landings was decided by an Atlantic ocean weather report from Blacksod Bay, County Mayo Ireland. Italy had completed conquests (Ethiopia and Albania) prior to its entry into World War II. After the initially successful campaigns of Nazi Germany, Italy joined in the war in June 1940, planning to get a share of Allied territory with the defeat of France. Italy's war effort went poorly, resulting in defeats in Greece and North Africa. The Allies started to invade Italy in the summer of 1943 and Mussolini's government collapsed. The new royal government of Marshal Pietro Badoglio signed an armistice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4432485", "score": "1.1579581", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "Britain, Italy contributed an expeditionary force, the Corpo Aereo Italiano, which took part in the Blitz from October 1940 until April 1941, at which time the last elements of the force were withdrawn. In November 1942, the Italian Royal Army occupied south-eastern Vichy France and Corsica as part of Case Anton. From December 1942, Italian military government of French departments east of the Rhône River was established, and continued until September 1943, when Italy quit the war. This had the effect of providing a \"de facto\" temporary haven for French Jews fleeing the Holocaust. In January 1943 the Italians refused", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636203", "score": "1.1486092", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "to work independently, focusing only on their fields, with little inter-service cooperation. Discrepancies in pay existed for personnel who were of equal rank, but from different units. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, marked the beginning of World War II. Despite being an Axis power, Italy remained non-belligerent until June 1940. Following the German conquest of Poland, Mussolini hesitated to enter the war. The British commander for land forces in the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean, General Sir Archibald Wavell, correctly predicted that Mussolini's pride would ultimately cause him to enter the war. Wavell would compare", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636199", "score": "1.1466084", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Virginio Gayda", "text": "My second choice, however, is Virginio Gayda.\" Despite this, Gayda twice came into conflict with Mussolini. In the first incident, in a 1939 article titled \"\"Che farà l'Italia?\"\" (\"What Will Italy Do?\") written when Germany invaded Poland, Gayda cast doubt on the wisdom of Italy entering the world war on the side of Germany. Mussolini, who was at that time planning to enter the war, criticised this article strongly. Mussolini raised no publicized objection when Gayda warned against the likelihood of a swift victory one week after the June 1941 Axis invasion of Russia began. But on 17 February 1943", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17079753", "score": "1.1442164", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Foreign relations of Italy", "text": "invaded Albania and incorporated it into the Fascist state. During the Second World War (1939–45), Italy formed the axis alliance with Japan and Germany and occupied several territories (such as parts of France, Greece, Egypt and Tunisia) but was forced in the final peace to abandon all its colonies and protectorates. Following the civil war and the economic depression caused by World War II, Italy enjoyed an economic miracle, promoted European unity, joined NATO and became an active member of the European Union. Italy was granted a United Nations trust to administer Somaliland in 1950. When Somalia became independent in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "193051", "score": "1.142463", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "Military history of Italy during World War II The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. Italy joined the war as one of the Axis Powers in 1940, as the French surrendered, with a plan to concentrate Italian forces on a major offensive against the British Empire in Africa and the Middle East, while hoping for the collapse of the UK in the European theatre. The Italians bombed Mandatory Palestine, invaded Egypt and occupied British Somaliland with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636171", "score": "1.1418475", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Royal Italian Army during World War II", "text": "in Africa (Egypt, Kenya, and the Sudan). Italian forces invaded into Egypt, Kenya, and the Sudan. In August, the Royal Army obtained the only Italian victory in World War II without German intervention when it successfully carried out the conquest of British Somaliland. Indeed, in the first six months of war Italy obtained only minor conquests, as Mussolini mistakenly waited for a quick end of the war. But soon Britain struck back at the end of that year. In December 1940, British and Commonwealth forces launched Operation Compass which, by February 1941, ended in the conquering of all of Cyrenaica", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10948967", "score": "1.1348722", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Italy–United Kingdom relations", "text": "Germany, in 1940 Italy joined the Second World War on the side of Germany. Britain and Italy were thus at war through the early 1940s, until the Allied invasion of Sicily ended with Italy's defeat in 1943. The Italian government overthrew Mussolini in 1943, switch sides, and joined the Allied cause. Germany meanwhile invaded the northern half of Italy, released Mussolini, and set up the Italian Social Republic a puppet regime that helped Germany fight against the Allies until it collapsed in spring 1945. The United Kingdom and Italy now generally enjoy a warm and friendly relationship. Queen Elizabeth II", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9694017", "score": "1.1327424", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Italian invasion of France", "text": "entered the war. A potent symbol of Fascist modernisation, it was the most prestigious of Italy's service branches, as well as the most recently battle-hardened, having participated in the Spanish Civil War. The 1 Squadra Aerea in northern Italy, the most powerful and well-equipped of Italy's \"squadre aeree\", was responsible for supporting operations on the Alpine front. Italian aerial defences were weak. As early as August 1939 Italy had requested from Germany 150 batteries of 88-mm anti-aircraft (AA) guns. The request was renewed in March 1940, but declined on 8 June. On 13 June, Mussolini offered to send one Italian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11572671", "score": "1.1313442", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Least of the Great Powers", "text": "In 1935–36, in its second invasion of Ethiopia Italy was successful and merged its new conquest with its older east African colonies. In 1939, Italy invaded Albania and incorporated it into the Fascist state. During the Second World War (1939–45), Italy formed the axis alliance with Japan and Germany and occupied several territories (such as parts of France, Greece, Egypt and Tunisia) but was forced in the final peace to abandon all of its protectorates. Following the civil war and the economic depression caused by World War II, Italy enjoyed an economic miracle, promoted European unity, joined NATO and became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20061650", "score": "1.1306224", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "act, which brought no military follow-up, was mainly to persuade the Allies that the new government of Italy deserved to be invited to the San Francisco Peace Conference, as a reward for its co-belligerence. However, the British Prime Minister Churchill and John Foster Dulles were resolutely against the idea, and so Italy's new government was left out of the Conference. Italy and Japan negotiated the resumption of their respective diplomatic ties after 1951, and later signed several bilateral agreements and treaties. Nearly four million Italians served in the Italian Army during the Second World War and nearly half a million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636252", "score": "1.1293632", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "since the Mediterranean was Italy's only conduit to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In 1935, Italy initiated the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, \"a nineteenth-century colonial campaign waged out of due time\". The campaign gave rise to optimistic talk on raising a native Ethiopian army \"to help conquer\" Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The war also marked a shift towards a more aggressive Italian foreign policy and also \"exposed [the] vulnerabilities\" of the British and French. This in turn created the opportunity Mussolini needed to begin to realize his imperial goals. In 1936, the Spanish Civil War broke out. From the beginning, Italy played an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636178", "score": "1.1289642", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy", "text": "Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, but Italy remained neutral for the following ten months even though it was one of the Axis powers. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's Under-Secretary for War Production, Carlo Favagrossa, had estimated that Italy could not possibly be prepared for such a war until at least October 1942. This had been made clear during Italo-German negotiations for the Pact of Steel whereby it was stipulated that neither signatory was to make war without the other earlier than 1943. Although considered a major power, the Italian industrial sector was relatively weak compared to other European major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8610810", "score": "1.1253654", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of Italy", "text": "the Allied armed forces and the Kingdom of Italy joined the Allies in their war against Nazi Germany. Donald Detwiler notes that, \"Italy's entrance into the war showed very early that her military strength was only a hollow shell. Italy's military failures against France, Greece, Yugoslavia and in the African Theatres of war shook Italy's new prestige mightily.\" Historians have long debated why Italy's military and its Fascist regime were so remarkably ineffective at an activity - war - that was central to their identity. MacGregor Knox says the explanation, \"was first and foremost a failure of Italy's military culture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "725585", "score": "1.1253289", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)", "text": "notifying Mussolini in advance, the Italian dictator decided to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III criticized the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk. On April 7, 1939, Italy invaded Albania; in a short campaign, the country was occupied and joined Italy in personal union. Italy strengthened its ties with Germany on May 22, 1939, when both nations signed the Pact of Steel. This document solidified the alliance between the two regimes. At the beginning of World War II Italy remained neutral (with the consent of Hitler), but it declared war on France", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4074286", "score": "1.12523", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II", "text": "began the Italian invasion of Albania and within two days had occupied the country. In May 1939, Italy formally allied to Nazi Germany in the Pact of Steel. Italian foreign policy went through two stages during the Fascist regime. Until 1934–35, Mussolini followed a \"modest ... and responsible\" course and following that date there was \"ceaseless activity and aggression\". \"Prior to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Mussolini had made military agreements with the French and formed a coalition with the British and French to prevent German aggression in Europe.\" The Ethiopian War \"exposed vulnerabilities and created opportunities that Mussolini seized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4971317", "score": "1.1241422", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Umberto Sclanizza", "text": "the Second World War approached, Umberto Sclanizza attempted to evacuate his family to a quiet part of the Middle East (his mother had gone to live in Egypt after her divorce, where she had given birth to a daughter, Ida Ruffato, in 1900). But as the British Embassy was about to issue Visas for Egypt, Italy entered the war on the side of the Axis. In an ironic twist, this gave him the opening into film for which he is remembered. Films included: \"Un' Avventura di Salvator Rosa\" (\"The Adventure of Salvator Rosa\") (1939); \"Sei bambine ed il Perseo\" (\"Perseus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9700068", "score": "1.1187102", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Royal Italian Army during World War II", "text": "the Kingdom of Italy. King Victor Emmanuel III remained Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Royal Armed Forces. Hence, Mussolini needed the consent of the King (who always looked at France as the center of European politics) to declare war and enter the Second World War. Initially the King and his staff (conscious of the Italian lack of preparation to war) did not approve Mussolini's intentions, but when France was clearly defeated in June 1940, the Italian Royal Army (\"Regio Esercito\") was abruptly sent to war. Mussolini made the mistake to believe that the United Kingdom would accept", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10948965", "score": "1.117796", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy", "text": "his mind repeatedly as to whether he would enter the war. The British commander in Africa, General Archibald Wavell, correctly predicted that Mussolini's pride would ultimately cause him to enter the war. Wavell would compare Mussolini's situation to that of someone at the top of a diving board: \"I think he must do something. If he cannot make a graceful dive, he will at least have to jump in somehow; he can hardly put on his dressing-gown and walk down the stairs again.\" Some historians believe that Italian leader Benito Mussolini was induced to enter the war against the Allies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8610822", "score": "1.1157421", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Benito Mussolini", "text": "as they were eager to attack Italy in Libya. In September 1939, France swung to the opposite extreme, offering to discuss issues with Italy, but as the French were unwilling to discuss Corsica, Nice and Savoy, Mussolini did not answer. Historian Alexander Gibson stated that the Allies were certain that Italy would join the war on the Axis side, and tried to provoke Italy into fighting while she was still unprepared. In late November 1939, Adolf Hitler declared: \"So long as the Duce lives, one can rest assured that Italy will seize every opportunity to achieve its imperialistic aims.\" Convinced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12445121", "score": "1.1145511", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Kingdom of Italy", "text": "power to dismiss the Prime Minister on the advice of the Grand Council—which is what happened in 1943. When Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 beginning World War II, Mussolini publicly declared on 24 September 1939 that Italy had the choice of entering the war or to remain neutral which would cause the country to lose its national dignity. Nevertheless, despite his aggressive posture, Mussolini kept Italy out of the conflict for several months. Mussolini told his son in law Count Ciano that he was personally jealous over Hitler's accomplishments and hoped that Hitler's prowess would be slowed down", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9808575", "score": "1.1131985", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "World War II by country", "text": "in the conflict. The Kingdom of Afghanistan maintained its neutrality. It was neither invaded nor sent an invasion force from or to a foreign nation, and was relatively unaffected during the war. After the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939, 100,000 Italian soldiers and 11,000 Italian colonists who wanted to integrate Albania into the Italian Empire settled in the country. Initially the Albanian Fascist Party received support from the population, mainly because of the unification of Kosovo and other Albanian-populated territories with Albania proper after the conquest of Yugoslavia and Greece by the Axis in Spring 1941. Benito Mussolini", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4432397", "score": "1.1111016", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "was focused on Adolf Hitler's aggression against Czechoslovakia, Mussolini looked to the Kingdom of Albania, across the Adriatic Sea from Italy. Italian forces invaded Albania on 7 April 1939 and swiftly took control of the small country. Even before the invasion, Albania had been politically dominated by Italy; after the invasion it was formally made part of Italy and the Italian king took the Albanian crown. Along with the intervention in the Spanish Civil War and the invasion of Abyssinia, the invasion of Albania was part of the Italian contribution to the disintegration of the collective security the League of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636221", "score": "1.1070523", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "Nations instituted after World War I. As such, it was part of the \"prelude to World War II\". On 28 October 1940, Italy started the Greco-Italian War by launching an invasion of the Kingdom of Greece from Albania. In part, the Italians attacked Greece because of the growing influence of Germany in the Balkans. Both Yugoslavia and Greece had governments friendly to Germany. Mussolini launched the invasion of Greece in haste after the Kingdom of Romania, a state which he perceived as lying within the Italian sphere of influence, allied itself with Germany. The order to invade Greece was given", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636222", "score": "1.1070461", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Benito Mussolini", "text": "1939 with the German invasion of Poland eliciting the response of the United Kingdom and France declaring war on Germany, Italy did not become involved in the conflict. However, when the Germans incarcerated 183 professors from Jagiellonian University in Kraków on 6 November 1939, Mussolini personally intervened to Hitler against this action, leading to the freeing of 101 Poles. As World War II began, Ciano and Viscount Halifax were holding secret phone conversations. The British wanted Italy on their side against Germany as it had been in World War I. French government opinion was more geared towards action against Italy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12445120", "score": "1.1064808", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander) and regain the initiative in April. The Allies completed the defeat of the Axis armies in North Africa in May 1943. In addition to the well-known campaigns in the western desert during 1940, the Italians initiated operations in June 1940 from their East African colonies of Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland, and Eritrea. As in Egypt, Italian forces (roughly 70,000 Italian soldiers and 180,000 native troops) outnumbered their British opponents. Italian East Africa, however, was isolated and far from the Italian mainland, leaving the forces there cut off from supply and thus severely limited in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636216", "score": "1.1049213", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "On 7 April, Italian forces landed in the country and within three days had occupied the majority of the country. Albania represented a territory Italy could acquire for \"'living space' to ease its overpopulation\" as well as the foothold needed to launch other expansionist conflicts in the Balkans. On 22 May 1939, Italy and Germany signed the Pact of Steel joining both countries in a military alliance. The pact was the culmination of German-Italian relations from 1936 and was not defensive in nature. Rather, the pact was designed for a \"joint war against France and Britain\", although the Italian hierarchy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636185", "score": "1.1038144", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Military history of Italy", "text": "by secret negotiations with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, with whom he had an active mail correspondence between September 1939 and June 1940. The journalist Luciano Garibaldi wrote that \"in those letters (which disappeared at Lake Como in 1945) Churchill may have extorted Mussolini to enter the war to mitigate Hitler's demands and dissuade him from continuing hostilities against Great Britain as France was inexorably moving toward defeat. In light of this, Mussolini could urge Hitler turn against the USSR, the common enemy of both Churchill and Mussolini\". Initially, the entry into the war was clearly political opportunism, which led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8610823", "score": "1.1032668", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Italian invasion of France", "text": "draw Mussolini away from an alliance with Germany, but Germany's rapid successes in the early phase of the war made Italian intervention on the German side inevitable by May 1940. Italy declared war on France and Britain on the evening of 10 June, to take effect just after midnight. The two sides exchanged air raids on the first day of war, but little transpired on the Alpine front, since both France and Italy had adopted a defensive posture along their frontier. There was some skirmishing between patrols and the French forts of the \"Ligne Alpine\" exchanged fire with their Italian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11572629", "score": "1.1017954", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "long_answer": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staff, Marshal Badoglio:", "chunked_long_answer": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staff, Marshal Badoglio:", "short_answers": [ "10 June 1940" ] }

[ "Michael Christopher McDowell" ]

[ { "title": "Michael McDowell (racing driver)", "text": "Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mike Wheeler (NASCAR)", "text": "chief for the organization's No. 95 entry, driven by Matt DiBenedetto. Born on November 4, 1978 in Southold, New York, Wheeler attended Kettering University to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering. He graduated from the college in 2002, and currently resides in Huntersville, North Carolina. Mike Wheeler (NASCAR) Michael \"Mike\" Wheeler (born November 4, 1978), also known by his nickname 'Wheels', is an American racing crew chief for the No. 95 Toyota Camry, which Matt DiBenedetto drives in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He was named crew chief to start the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season. He also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19523895", "score": "1.1748905", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Regan Smith", "text": "a pit reporter for Cup and Xfinity races in 2018. On September 6, 2018, it was announced by Leavine Family Racing that Smith would be driving the No. 95 Chevrolet as a substitute for Kasey Kahne starting at the Brickyard 400. Smith has three top-20 finishes with the team, with 12th place at the fall Las Vegas race being his highest finish. Smith received the blessing of his Fox NASCAR superiors to take the ride with LFR. He said during the LFR stint that he never considers himself retired when looking for a ride, just not in the seat. Smith", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6330738", "score": "1.0989392", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Kasey Kahne", "text": "where he didn't lead a lap at all. Kahne announced he would drive the 95 Leavine Family Racing Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 in 2018, replacing Michael McDowell. On September 19, 2017, Kahne announced he would be driving the No. 95 for Leavine Family Racing in 2018. In the offseason, Leavine announced he would pair up with Hendrick Motorsports team engineer Travis Mack who previously substituted for Greg Ives when he Crew Chiefed for Dale Earnhardt Jr. to his best run in 2017. Kahne finished 10th in the All Star race after going 4 laps down from a wreck. After a very", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3441629", "score": "1.0849094", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Mike Wheeler (NASCAR)", "text": "Mike Wheeler (NASCAR) Michael \"Mike\" Wheeler (born November 4, 1978), also known by his nickname 'Wheels', is an American racing crew chief for the No. 95 Toyota Camry, which Matt DiBenedetto drives in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He was named crew chief to start the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season. He also has crew chief experience in the Xfinity Series. Wheeler became the No. 11 team's engineer in 2005 with Jason Leffler. Even when Leffler left JGR, he stayed on the team with new driver Hamlin until the end of 2015. Wheeler was made crew chief of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19523892", "score": "1.0802804", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mike Dillon (racing driver)", "text": "is the son-in-law of Richard Childress. Mike Dillon (racing driver) Mike Dillon is a former NASCAR Busch Series race car driver for Richard Childress Racing, and the current general manager for the team after having raced in all three national series. He is the son-in-law of Richard Childress. Dillon made one Cup Series start in his career. Subbing for the injured Mike Skinner, he qualified the #31 Lowe's Chevrolet in the 27th position in the 1998 Fontana race. Dillon struggled in the race, finishing 35th, 11 laps down. Dillon also competed in the 1997 Mountain Dew Southern 500 as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7587013", "score": "1.0761367", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Number (sports)", "text": "owned by that team. Jeff Burton, for example, raced for three teams from 1994 to 2013, and had four numbers in that time. In 1994 and 1995 he raced the Number 8 car, then owned by the Stavola Brothers. From 1996 to mid-2004 he raced for Roush Racing, and drove the Number 99 car. After leaving Roush Racing for Richard Childress Racing, he changed to car Number 30 (for the rest of the 2004 season) and drove Number 31 (also an RCR car) from 2005 to 2013. The Number 99 car he used to drive for Roush was driven by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6516786", "score": "1.0670887", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Derrike Cope", "text": "Landon Cassill was hired. Cope announced that they would hopefully run his No. 99 car at Texas Motor Speedway, though the team did not attempt to make that race. Cope and the 99 would make their 2018 debut at Dover International Speedway, the site of Cope's second Cup win in 1990. Season still in progress<br> Derrike Cope Derrike Wayne Cope (born November 3, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He is known for his win in the 1990 Daytona 500. He currently competes part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5522517", "score": "1.0605819", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Richard Childress", "text": "drivers' strike at Talladega Superspeedway left NASCAR President William France Sr. looking for scab drivers. Childress started his first race as a scab. By 1971, Childress began racing on the top level as an independent driver, using the number 96. He changed to number 3 in 1976 as a tribute to Junior Johnson's past as a driver. Although he never won as a driver, he proved to be average behind the wheel registering six top-5, seventy-six top-10 finishes, with a career-best of third in 1978. He retired from driving in 1981 after Rod Osterlund sold his NASCAR team to J.D.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6301432", "score": "1.0529552", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Leavine Family Racing", "text": "Falk brought a charter granted to him, to the No. 95 team, guaranteeing the 95 its first full season of racing. The team formed an alliance with Richard Childress Racing. The No. 95 attempted all 36 races, with McDowell returning to run in at least 26 events with sponsorship from K-Love and Thrivent, and Ty Dillon driving in at max 10 races, with sponsorship from General Mills and AstraZeneca. McDowell ran the majority of the events, and ran the Daytona 500 in a second entry, the No. 59. On September 19, 2017, LFR announced former Hendrick Motorsports driver Kasey Kahne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16604807", "score": "1.0498333", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "D. J. Kennington", "text": "progress<br> D. J. Kennington Douglas James \"D. J.\" Kennington (born July 15, 1977) is a Canadian professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Pinty's Series, driving the No. 17 Dodge Challenger for his own team DJK Racing. He won the 2010 and 2012 Pinty's Series championships. Kennington also competes part-time in Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 96 Toyota Camry for Gaunt Brothers Racing and the No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Premium Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 49 Chevrolet Silverado for Premium Motorsports. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10538374", "score": "1.0452932", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Stan Mullis", "text": "Stan Mullis Stan Mullins (born October 17, 1976) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the Nos. 13 and 66 Chevrolet Camaro and Toyota Camry for MBM Motorsports. Stan Mullis regularly drives at Las Vegas Motor speedway in the No. 20 Port City Racecar Sponsored By TLC Resorts Vacation Club In 2017, Mullis made his NASCAR debut in the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro for MBM Motorsports at Iowa. He started 39th and finished 32nd. In 2018, Mullis returned to MBM Motorsports, but drove the No. 66 Chevrolet instead at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20806498", "score": "1.0426534", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "D. J. Kennington", "text": "the son of Doug Kennington, a CASCAR driver and founder of St. Thomas Raceway Park. Kennington made his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut at the 2016 Can-Am 500 at Phoenix in the No. 55 for Premium Motorsports, where he finished 35th. In 2017, he joined newly-formed Gaunt Brothers Racing to run the Daytona 500 in the No. 96 Toyota Camry. He qualified in 28th after racing his way in during the second Can-Am Duel qualifying race, but got collected in a 16-car crash on lap 129. He attempted to qualify again for the team at Talladega, but failed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10538367", "score": "1.040988", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mike Skinner (racing driver)", "text": "drive the No. 3 GM Goodwrench-sponsored Chevrolet Silverado for the first NASCAR SuperTruck Series season. He won the first race in the series, and collected seven more victories en route to winning the first championship. He equaled his win total the following season, but fell to third in the standings. That year, he ran five races for RCR in the Winston Cup Series, qualifying in the top-ten three times and having a best finish of twelfth in the No. 31 Realtree-sponsored car. He also filled in for teammate Dale Earnhardt when Earnhardt was recovering from injuries suffered in a wreck", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4782644", "score": "1.039505", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "David Starr", "text": "51 car at the 2018 Brickyard 400, finishing 39th in the race. Starr is scheduled to drive the No. 97 Toyota Camry in Obaika Racing's Cup debut at the 2018 1000Bulbs.com 500 at Talladega. Season still in progress<br> David Starr David Starr (born October 11, 1967) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 52 Chevrolet Camaro for Jimmy Means Racing and part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 51 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Rick Ware Racing and the No. 97 Toyota Camry for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7490366", "score": "1.0378765", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Alex Bowman", "text": "of 12 after the fall Kansas race and finished 16th in points. Season still in progress.<br> Alex Bowman Alexander Michael Bowman (born April 25, 1993) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 88 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 23 Chevrolet Camaro for GMS Racing. He has competed in the ARCA Racing Series and the NASCAR Xfinity Series, finishing 11th in the latter series' 2013 standings. He is nicknamed Bowman the Showman, though he does", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16801269", "score": "1.0378699", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Mike Skinner (racing driver)", "text": "after a Cup event. Mike has two sons from his previous marriage, Jamie and Dustin, who both appeared in NASCAR races. Ineligible for series points Mike Skinner (racing driver) Michael Skinner (born June 28, 1957) is an American former stock car racing driver. He has competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, Busch Series and Camping World Truck Series. He has most recently driven the No. 98 Ford Fusion for Phil Parsons Racing in the Cup Series. He is the father of former NASCAR drivers Jamie Skinner and Dustin Skinner. He was born in Susanville, California. Skinner starred as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4782662", "score": "1.0377216", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Richard Boswell", "text": "Richard Boswell Richard Boswell (born April 14, 1984 in Friendship, Maryland) is a stock car driver. He currently works for Stewart-Haas Racing as a crew chief for the number #98 Xfinity team, which has been driven by Aric Almirola, Chase Briscoe, and Kevin Harvick. The son of former NASCAR Busch Series driver Dickie Boswell, Richard Boswell was selected to replace current Busch Series driver Shane Huffman in the USAR Hooters Pro Cup. He won the World Karting National Championship in 1998, and captured the World Karting Grand National Championship in the same year (at Lowe's Motor Speedway). He is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8730728", "score": "1.0365827", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Mike Dillon (racing driver)", "text": "Mike Dillon (racing driver) Mike Dillon is a former NASCAR Busch Series race car driver for Richard Childress Racing, and the current general manager for the team after having raced in all three national series. He is the son-in-law of Richard Childress. Dillon made one Cup Series start in his career. Subbing for the injured Mike Skinner, he qualified the #31 Lowe's Chevrolet in the 27th position in the 1998 Fontana race. Dillon struggled in the race, finishing 35th, 11 laps down. Dillon also competed in the 1997 Mountain Dew Southern 500 as a relief driver for Dale Earnhardt, finishing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7587005", "score": "1.0359926", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Leavine Family Racing", "text": "would be replacing McDowell in the No. 95 for the 2018 season. On August 16, 2018, Kahne announced that he will step away from full time competition at the end of the year. On September 6, 2018, after heat exhaustion from the Southern 500, Kahne announced that he would sit out the Brickyard 400, which became the first race he missed since he began his full-time Cup Series career. Regan Smith currently drives the No. 95 car in Kahne's absence. On October 9, Kahne announced that he will miss the rest of the season due to lingering medical conditions. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16604808", "score": "1.0353284", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Mike Potter (racing driver)", "text": "last in the #0 Chevrolet, a Johnny Davis Motorsports secondary car. After Kertus Davis left the team, Potter took over the reins of the #01 SponsorDavis.com Chevrolet, the team's primary entry, for a couple of races. Mike ended up finishing a respectable 29th at the Camping World RV Sells 200 in June. Besides NASCAR, Potter also has experience in many other forms of stock car racing, including Hooters Pro Cup. Mike Potter (racing driver) Mike Potter is a NASCAR veteran. He was born on July 4, 1949 and currently resides in Johnson City, Tennessee. Over the course of his Winston", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6323721", "score": "1.0347891", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ronnie Silver", "text": "with the team due to business obligations in his hometown of Asheville, North Carolina. Ronnie Silver Ronnie Silver (born July 20, 1951) is a former American stock car racer and crew chief. He raced in the NASCAR Busch Series for eight seasons, winning two races. A native of Asheville, North Carolina, Silver's career started in the Whelen All-American Series, in which he finished fourth in the 1982 Mid-Atlantic Region season. Eventually, Silver joined the Busch Series in its inaugural season as an owner driver, and finished 7th in the Southeastern 150 at Bristol Motor Speedway. Silver ended the season 15th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17499858", "score": "1.0347733", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jesse Little", "text": "Jesse Little Jesse Little (born April 15, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Son of Chad Little, he currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 97 Ford F-150 for JJL Motorsports, and part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Premium Motorsports and the No. 96 Toyota Camry for Gaunt Brothers Racing. A native of Sherrills Ford, North Carolina and a third-generation racer, Little began his racing career in quarter midgets at the age of 7, moving up to Bandoleros in 2007 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11563630", "score": "1.0341165", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Derrike Cope", "text": "Derrike Cope Derrike Wayne Cope (born November 3, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He is known for his win in the 1990 Daytona 500. He currently competes part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 99 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for StarCom Racing. Cope also serves as team manager. Cope was born in San Diego, California, and was raised in Spanaway, Washington. In high school, he enjoyed auto racing and baseball. He was a catcher on the Bethel High School baseball team, and later attended Whitman College to continue his baseball", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5522497", "score": "1.0338537", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Justin Hobgood", "text": "at Talladega Superspeedway in the fall where he ended up 9th in a wild race. Justin Hobgood Justin Hobgood (born July 31, 1979 in Winnsboro, South Carolina) is an American race car driver in the NASCAR Nationwide Series and Camping World Truck Series. Chapman drove the No. 91 Chevy Monte Carlo part-time for MSRP Motorsports, a start and park team in the Nationwide series. His career best finish (27th) came in his first start in the 2003 Sam's Town 250 on October 18. He has made a handful of starts In 2003, 2008 and 2009 in the Nationwide Series. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13340468", "score": "1.0314829", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Bill Davis (NASCAR owner)", "text": "Bill Davis (NASCAR owner) Bill Davis is a former NASCAR car owner that won the Daytona 500 with Ward Burton in 2002, and the 2001 Southern 500, also with Burton. His former team, Bill Davis Racing, fielded the #22 Caterpillar Inc. Toyota Camry and the #23 & #27 Camrys in the Sprint Cup series, as well as Toyotas in the Camping World Truck Series for Mike Skinner, Tyler Walker, Johnny Benson, Bill Lester, and others. Davis was listed as owner of the #77 Penske Dodge in the Sprint Cup series, driven by Sam Hornish Jr in 2008. Davis built his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5952703", "score": "1.031349", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "1994 NASCAR Winston Cup Series", "text": "Woodland Jr., 92w-John Krebs, 22w-St. James Davis, 95w-Lance Wade, 58w-Wayne Jacks The Hooters 500 was held November 13 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. The No. 77 of Greg Sacks won the pole. Top ten results Failed to qualify: 55-Tim Fedewa, 98-Jeremy Mayfield, 64-Gary Wright, 47-Billy Standridge, 32-Dick Trickle, 45-Rich Bickle, 71-Dave Marcis, 80-Joe Ruttman, 35-Bill Venturini, 53-Brad Teague, 61-Rick Carelli, 34-Bob Brevak, 50-Brian Bonner Jeff Burton, driving the No. 8 Ford for Stavola Brothers Racing, was named Rookie of the Year for 1994, posting two top-five finishes. He was followed by fellow Busch Series graduates Steve Grissom and Joe Nemechek, each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7271939", "score": "1.0307949", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Bobby Labonte", "text": "and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports. On January 13, 2009, Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No. 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing, now in a partnership with Yates Racing. In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race, the Shelby 427, Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing, and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006. However, that was his only Top 5 run for the year. With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season, Labonte was replaced for Erik Darnell for 7 of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1992229", "score": "1.0306909", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Mike Harmon", "text": "Mike Harmon Michael \"Mike\" Joseph Harmon (born January 24, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 74 Dodge Challenger and Chevrolet Camaro for Mike Harmon Racing and part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 50 Chevrolet Silverado for Beaver Motorsports, the No. 74 Silverado for MHR, and the No. 15 Silverado for Premium Motorsports. In the past, he drove in the NASCAR Slim Jim All Pro Series, finishing 8th in points in 1997. Harmon made his NASCAR debut in 1996 driving the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6395739", "score": "1.0300999", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Gaunt Brothers Racing", "text": "where Kennington drove the No. 96. The team announced its Pinty's Series involvement in May 2010, initially setting John Gaunt as driver of the No. 11 entry. Gaunt started seven of the twelve events in the series that year. In 2011, Jason Bowles joined the team for two races, winning the pole in one. Gaunt Brothers Racing Gaunt Brothers Racing is a Canadian professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. The team currently fields the No. 96 Toyota Camry part-time for D. J. Kennington, Parker Kligerman, Jeffrey Earnhardt, and Jesse Little. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19950112", "score": "1.0300949", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Michael McDowell (racing driver)", "long_answer": "Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.", "chunked_long_answer": "Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.", "short_answers": [ "Michael Christopher McDowell" ] }

[ "Omar Khayyam" ]

[ { "title": "Omar Khayyam", "text": "Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام  (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Omar Khayyam", "text": "Nishapur owing to his declining health. Upon his return, he seemed to have lived the life of a recluse. Khayyam died in 1131, and is buried in the Khayyam Garden. Khayyam was famous during his life as a mathematician. His surviving mathematical works include: \"A commentary on the difficulties concerning the postulates of Euclid's Elements\" (, completed in December 1077), \"On the division of a quadrant of a circle\" (, undated but completed prior to the treatise on algebra), and \"On proofs for problems concerning Algebra\" (, most likely completed in 1079). He furthermore wrote a treatise on extracting the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "922500", "score": "1.1172878", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi", "text": "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī (‎ 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right. He was a Twelver Muslim. The Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) considered Tusi to be the greatest of the later Persian scholars. Nasir al-Din Tusi was born in the city of Tus in medieval Khorasan (northeastern Iran) in the year 1201 and began his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16042887", "score": "1.1088973", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Mu'izzi", "text": "Mu'izzi Amīr ash-Shu‘arā’ Abū Abdullāh Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Malik Mu‘izzī (also written \"Mu'ezzi\") of Neyshāpūr (born Nisa 1048 CE, died 1125) was a Persian poet. He ranks as one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric form known as \"qasideh\". Mu‘izzī's father, ‘Abd al-Malik Burhānī, was poet laureate of Sanjar under Malik Shāh I and Sultān Sanjar. His son followed, self-consciously, in his footsteps, styling himself as his father's deputy (\"nāyib\") and inheriting his role. He was renowned both in his own time and to later scholarship. His surviving \"divan\" extends to 18,000 distichs. Anvari accuses Mu'izzi of copying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6835634", "score": "1.0875099", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Abu Nasr Mansur", "text": "on math, but some of his writings were on astronomy. In mathematics, he had many important writings on trigonometry, which were developed from the writings of Ptolemy. He also preserved the writings of Menelaus of Alexandria and reworked many of the Greeks theorems. He died in the Ghaznavid Empire (modern-day Afghanistan) near the city of Ghazna. Abu Nasr Mansur Abu Nasri Mansur ibn Ali ibn Iraq (; c. 960 – 1036) was a Persian Muslim mathematician and astronomer. He is well known for his work with the spherical sine law. Abu Nasr Mansur was born in Gilan, Persia, to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2553971", "score": "1.0831354", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jabir ibn Aflah", "text": "Jabir ibn Aflah Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ (, ; 1100–1150) was an Arab Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work \"Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi\" (Correction of the \"Almagest\") influenced Islamic, Jewish, and Christian astronomers. This work is a commentary and reworking of Ptolemy's \"Almagest\" and is the first criticism of it in the Islamic West. He particularly criticized the mathematical basis of the work. For example, he replaced the use of Menelaus' theorem with ones based on spherical trigonometry, in what seems to be an attempt to increase the mathematical precision of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9939580", "score": "1.0744991", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari", "text": "the first book in the history of mathematics to devote a whole chapter to combinatorial problems. Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Munim al-Abdari (; died 1228) was a mathematician, originally from Dénia in Andalusia. He lived and taught in Marrakesh where he was known as one of the best scholars in geometry and number theory. He is often confused with Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Mun'im, a different mathematician who worked in the court of Roger II of Sicily. Only three of his many mathematical texts are known today; one on magic squares, one on geometry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14866913", "score": "1.0707974", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam", "text": "Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam Abu Kamil made important contributions to algebra and geometry. He was the first Islamic mathematician to work easily with algebraic equations with powers higher than formula_1 (up to formula_2), and solved sets of non-linear simultaneous equations with three unknown variables. He wrote all problems rhetorically, and some of his books lacked any mathematical notation beside those of integers. For example, he uses the Arabic expression \"māl māl shayʾ\" (\"square-square-thing\") for formula_3 (i.e., formula_4). The muslim encyclopedist Ibn Khaldūn classified Abū Kāmil as the second greatest algebraist chronologically after al-Khwarizmi. Almost nothing is known about the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5824084", "score": "1.0691035", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i", "text": "'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i Abd al-'Aziz ibn Muhammad al-Qahiri al-Wafa'i known as Ibn al-Aqba'i (1408–1471) was an Egyptian astronomer and mathematician in the 15th century. He was born in 811 H.E. (1408 AD) and died in 876 H.E (1471 AD). Some sources say that he died in 874 or 879 H.E. He was a student of Ibn al-Majdi and Nur al-din al-Naqqash. He became a time keeper at the Mu'ayyad Mosque in Cairo. He also became the chief of the time keepers of the Azhar mosque and the Maridani Mosque. He was interested in the calculation of the local times of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17041479", "score": "1.0685289", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Science in the medieval Islamic world", "text": "By the second half of the ninth century, Islamic mathematicians were already making contributions to the most sophisticated parts of Greek geometry. Islamic mathematics reached its apogee in the Eastern part of the Islamic world between the tenth and twelfth centuries. Most mathematical works were written in Arabic, others in Persian. al-Khwarizmi (8th–9th centuries), considered the greatest mathematician of Islamic civilization, was instrumental in the adoption of the Indian numbering system. He developed algebra, which also had Indian antecedents, introduced methods of simplifying equations, and used Euclidean geometry in his proofs. Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (801–873) worked on cryptography for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1929243", "score": "1.0655113", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi", "text": "of Technology in Iran and Observatory of Shamakhy in the Republic of Azerbaijan are also named after him. In February 2013, Google celebrated his 812th birthday with a doodle, which was accessible in its websites with Arabic language calling him \"al-farsi\" (the Persian). Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī (‎ 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16042901", "score": "1.0612065", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Abu-Mahmud Khojandi", "text": "n = 3, but his attempted proof of the theorem was incorrect. The spherical law of sines may have also been discovered by Khujandi, but it is uncertain whether he discovered it first, or whether Abu Nasr Mansur, Abul Wafa or Nasir al-Din al-Tusi discovered it first. Abu-Mahmud Khojandi Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn Khidr Khojandi (known as Abu Mahmood Khojandi, Alkhujandi or al-Khujandi, Persian: ابومحمود خجندی, c. 940 - 1000) was a Central Asian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory, near the city of Ray (near today's Tehran), in Iran. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4709433", "score": "1.0545683", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ahmad al-Buni", "text": "Ahmad al-Buni Ahmad ibn ‘Ali al-Buni (), also called Sharaf al-Din or Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Buni al-Maliki al-ifriqi (born in Annaba, Algeria died 1225) was an Arab mathematician and a well known Sufi and writer on the esoteric value of letters and topics relating to mathematics, \"sihr\" (sorcery) and spirituality, but very little is known about him. Al-Buni lived in Egypt and learned from many eminent Sufi masters of his time. A contemporary of Ibn Arabi, he is best known for writing one of the most important books of his era; the \"Shams al-Ma'arif\", a book", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7786060", "score": "1.054483", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Abu al-Jud", "text": "Abu al-Jud Abū al-Jūd, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. al-Layth was an Iranian mathematician. He lived during 10th century and was a contemporary of Al-Biruni. Not much is known about his life. He seems to have lived in the east of Khurasan, within Samanid territory. Sa'id al-Andalusi claimed that he lived in Valencia (Balansiya) and died in 1014 or 1015, but other sources didn't mention these information. It is likely that he became a scribe after acquiring basic knowledge on mathematics. In the 10th century, Abu al-Jud used conics to solve quartic and cubic equations, a century before the more famous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20021974", "score": "1.0529943", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mathematics in medieval Islam", "text": "name of which is derived from the Arabic word meaning completion or \"reunion of broken parts\", flourished during the Islamic golden age. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, is along with the Greek mathematician Diophantus, known as the father of algebra. In his book \"The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing\", Al-Khwarizmi deals with ways to solve for the positive roots of first and second degree (linear and quadratic) polynomial equations. He also introduces the method of reduction, and unlike Diophantus, gives general solutions for the equations he deals with. Al-Khwarizmi's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6589129", "score": "1.051975", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ibn Sahl (mathematician)", "text": "Ibn Sahl (mathematician) Ibn Sahl (full name \"Abū Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ ibn Sahl\" ; c. 940–1000) was a Muslim Persian mathematician and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age, associated with the Buwayhid court of Baghdad. Nothing in his name allows us to glimpse his country of origin. He is known to have written an optical treatise around 984. The text of this treatise was reconstructed by Roshdi Rashed from two manuscripts (edited 1993).: Damascus, al-Ẓāhirīya MS 4871, 3 fols., and Tehran, Millī MS 867, 51 fols. The Tehran manuscript is much longer, but it is badly damaged, and the Damascus ms.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5539134", "score": "1.0513574", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ibn al-Yasamin", "text": "important work is \"Talqih al-afkar bi rushum huruf al-ghubar\" (Fertilization of Thoughts with the Help of Dust Letters (Hindu Numerals)). It is a book of two hundred folios about (among other things) the science of calculation and geometry. He also wrote three poems (urzaja), one on algebra, one on irrational quadratic numbers and one on the method of false position. Ibn al-Yasamin Abu Muhammad 'Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Hajjaj ibn al-Yasmin al-Adrini al-Ishbili (died 1204) more commonly known as ibn al-Yasmin, was Berber mathematician. His place of birth is unknown, but he received his education in Sevilla, Spain. Little is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14868305", "score": "1.0511769", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Abū al‐ʿUqūl", "text": "Yemen during the time of the Rasulid Sultan al-Ashraf Umar II and was contemporary to another famous astronomer Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al‐Fārisī. Abū al‐ʿUqūl Abū al‐ʿUqūl Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al‐Ṭabarī (flourished in Yemen during the 14th century) was a leading astronomer in Ta'izz and the first teacher of astronomy at the Muʾayyadiyya Madrasa. Of Iranian origin, he is known for compiling the largest single corpus of tables for astronomical timekeeping in a specific latitude during medieval times, with over 100,000 entries. Another interesting feature of his work was determining the latitude of Ta'izz as 13° 37' (where the actual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16526386", "score": "1.0500517", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi", "text": "the calculator's craving\"). He included sections on arithmetic and algebraic methods. He is also the author of \"Kulliyat\", a short work on legal questions and judgements in the Maliki madhab. Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi Abu Abdallah Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad Ibn Ghazi al-'Utmani al-Miknasi (1437–1513) was a Moroccan scholar in the field of history, Islamic law, Arabic philology and mathematics. He was born in Meknes from banu uthman, a clan in the Berber kutama tribe, but spent his life in Fez. Ibn Ghazi wrote a three-volume history of Meknes and a commentary to the treatise of Ibn al-Banna, \"Munyat al-hussab\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14880541", "score": "1.0499187", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Al-Muqtadir", "text": "many names that would become famous in the world of literature and science lived during this and the following reigns. Among the best known are: Ishaq ibn Hunayn (d. 911) (son of Hunayn ibn Ishaq), a physician and translator of Greek philosophical works into Arabic; ibn Fadlan, explorer; al Battani (d. 923), astronomer; Tabari (d. 923), historian and theologian; al-Razi (d. 930), a philosopher who made fundamental and lasting contributions to the fields of medicine and chemistry; al-Farabi (d. 950), chemist and philosopher; Abu Nasr Mansur (d. 1036), mathematician; Alhazen (d. 1040), mathematician; al-Biruni (d. 1048), mathematician, astronomer, physicist; Omar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3950426", "score": "1.0496827", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mathematics in medieval Islam", "text": "on the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world. His \"Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing\" presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. In Renaissance Europe, he was considered the original inventor of algebra, although it is now known that his work is based on older Indian or Greek sources. He revised Ptolemy's \"Geography\" and wrote on astronomy and astrology. However, C.A. Nallino suggests that al-Khwarizmi's original work was not based on Ptolemy but on a derivative world map, presumably in Syriac or Arabic. The spherical law of sines was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6589135", "score": "1.0490466", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mu'izzi", "text": "the verses of other poets (which cannot be proven for certain), yet Anvari himself is known to have copied Mu'izzi's verses. Mu'izzi is said to have died by the arrow shot at him by the King's son in 1125 CE for reasons unknown. He was accidentally shot by Sanjar. Mu'izzi Amīr ash-Shu‘arā’ Abū Abdullāh Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Malik Mu‘izzī (also written \"Mu'ezzi\") of Neyshāpūr (born Nisa 1048 CE, died 1125) was a Persian poet. He ranks as one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric form known as \"qasideh\". Mu‘izzī's father, ‘Abd al-Malik Burhānī, was poet laureate of Sanjar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6835635", "score": "1.0453378", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī", "text": "Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī Tusi was probably born in Tus, Iran. Little is known about his life, except what is found in the biographies of other scientists. Around 1165, he moved to Damascus and taught mathematics there. He then lived in Aleppo for three years, before moving to Mosul, where he met his most famous disciple Kamal al-Din ibn Yunus (1156-1242). This Kamal al-Din would later become the teacher of another famous mathematician from Tus, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. According to Ibn Abi Usaibi'a, Sharaf al-Din was \"outstanding in geometry and the mathematical sciences, having no equal in his time\". Sharaf al-Din", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4957189", "score": "1.0449063", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mathematics in medieval Islam", "text": "Mathematics in medieval Islam Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important progress was made, such as the full development of the decimal place-value system to include decimal fractions, the first systematised study of algebra (named for \"The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing\" by scholar Al-Khwarizmi), and advances in geometry and trigonometry. Arabic works also played an important role in the transmission of mathematics to Europe during the 10th to 12th centuries. The study of algebra, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6589128", "score": "1.043963", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī", "text": "\"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\", into Arabic as \"Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab\"., or the \"Sindhind\". This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numerals were transmitted from India to Islam. Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari (died 796 or 806) was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer and mathematician. Some sources refer to him as an Arab, other sources state that he was a Persian. Al-Fazārī translated many scientific books into Arabic and Persian. He is credited to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4922710", "score": "1.0438069", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Muhammad I Tapar", "text": "I had Ahmad imprisoned for ten years. Muhammad I died in 1118 and was succeeded by Mahmud II, although after Muhammad II's death Sanjar was clearly the chief power in the Seljuq realms. <br> Muhammad I Tapar Muhammad I (also known as Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad or Muhammad Tapar, died 1118) was a son of Seljuq Sultan Malik Shah I. In Turkish, Tapar means \"he who obtains, finds\". He succeeded his nephew, Malik Shah II, as Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad, and thus was theoretically the head of the dynasty, although his brother Ahmed Sanjar in Khorasan held more practical power. Muhammad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3340538", "score": "1.0435276", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Bahmanyār", "text": "Bahmanyār Abul-Ḥasan Bahmanyār ibn Marzubān Salari 'Ajamī Aḍarbāyijānī, known as Bahmanyār (died 1067) lived during the Sallarid Dynasty and was a famous pupil of Avicenna. He was of Persian Zoroastrian background, though he later converted to Islam. His knowledge of Arabic was not perfect. His correspondence with Avicenna and his master's answers to his questions were compiled in the book \"Mubahathat\" (dialogues). His main work, the \"Ketab al-tahasil,\" which summarises Avicenna's logic, physics and metaphysics was written in Isfahan between 1024 and 1037 and dedicated to his uncle, the Zoroastrian Abu Mansur b. Bahram b. Khurshid b. Yazdyar. Bayhaqi also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10186327", "score": "1.0418355", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī", "text": "horoscopes and planetary conjunctions used to tell the future. Muhyi al-Din is most known for his works in trigonometry, \"Book on the theorem of Menelaus\", \"Treatise on the calculation of sines\". He is also known for his commentaries on classic Greek mathematical works, in particular, his commentary on Book XV of \"Elements\" about measurements of the regular polyhedra. His writings on trigonometry \"contain certain original elements\". Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī Muḥyī al‐Milla wa al‐Dīn Yaḥyā Abū ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī al‐Shukr al‐Maghribī al‐Andalusī (; died 1283 CE) was an Andalusī astronomer, astrologer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9353802", "score": "1.0417609", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Al-Khazini", "text": "Al-Khazini Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (, flourished 1115–1130) was an astronomer of Greek origin from Seljuk Persia. His astronomical tables written under the patronage of Sultan Sanjar (\"\", 1115) is considered to be one of the major works in mathematical astronomy of the medieval period. He provided the positions of fixed stars, and for oblique ascensions and time-equations for the latitude of Marv in which he was based. He also wrote extensively on various calendrical systems and on the various manipulations of the calendars. He was the author of an encyclopedia on scales and water-balances.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10393370", "score": "1.0417395", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Bahmanyār", "text": "writes that he wrote a book on logic and one on music and other works are attributed to him. Bahmanyār Abul-Ḥasan Bahmanyār ibn Marzubān Salari 'Ajamī Aḍarbāyijānī, known as Bahmanyār (died 1067) lived during the Sallarid Dynasty and was a famous pupil of Avicenna. He was of Persian Zoroastrian background, though he later converted to Islam. His knowledge of Arabic was not perfect. His correspondence with Avicenna and his master's answers to his questions were compiled in the book \"Mubahathat\" (dialogues). His main work, the \"Ketab al-tahasil,\" which summarises Avicenna's logic, physics and metaphysics was written in Isfahan between 1024", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10186328", "score": "1.0414977", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Omar Khayyam", "long_answer": "Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام  (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.", "chunked_long_answer": "Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام  (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.", "short_answers": [ "Omar Khayyam" ] }

[ "J.P. Zenger High" ]

[ { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he's not in classes with his friends since he's carrying all honors and college prep classes.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "\"most readers will find plenty of amusing, accurate observations about freshman life, from the insecurities of first dates to the dangers of walking the hall between classes\". Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie is a 2005 young adult novel by David Lubar. It is a story about the high school experiences of a fourteen-year-old boy named Scott Hudson. The book was one of the ALA's book picks for 2006. \"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie\" follows the character of Scott Hudson as he attempts to survive high school and attract the attention of his crush Julia, a girl who recently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040210", "score": "1.1048543", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie is a 2005 young adult novel by David Lubar. It is a story about the high school experiences of a fourteen-year-old boy named Scott Hudson. The book was one of the ALA's book picks for 2006. \"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie\" follows the character of Scott Hudson as he attempts to survive high school and attract the attention of his crush Julia, a girl who recently became beautiful. If dealing with school activities and growing up isn't stressful enough, Scott's mother has announced that she's going to have a baby. In an attempt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040192", "score": "1.0756888", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "book was \"Fresh, funny and perfectly plausible as a demonstration of various writing exercises for classroom use, but only if you like laughter.\" AudioFile praised the production values of the audio version. The School Library Journal called \"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie\" \"an excellent choice for public and school libraries\". Publishers Weekly wrote that the book \"strains too hard to be clever\" and that \"most readers will breathe a sigh of relief when the gimmicks start to fade\". Booklist criticized \"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie\", stating that it \"delivers too many messages as Scott learns one important lesson after another\" but that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040209", "score": "1.0384965", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he is not in classes with his friends since he is carrying all honors and college prep classes. He tries his best from the very start to get the attention of Julia Baskins, a girl who was in his kindergarten class and has recently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040194", "score": "1.0264758", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "comes to school in October. She sports bright green short chopped hair, lots of piercings, some of which are actually safety pins, and wears all black. Her and Scott start to get along after bonding about poetry and literature talked about in their honors English class. She is misunderstood by everyone in school and is often bullied for her appearance. Scott protects her when there is a threat posted on her locker and each time after in the book. She proves to be the best friend Scott has because of their similar interests. Wesley Cobble: A senior who is feared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040202", "score": "1.0013397", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dorm Life", "text": "lives of actual college freshmen. It takes place almost entirely within their dorm floor, 5 South. Each character has a webcam for the purpose of individual reflection or addresses to the audience. There are also separate webcam clips aside from those of the main episodes, as well as profiles maintained by each character on the website's \"community lounge,\" with interactions between them and with fans on the website's forum. Dorm Life Dorm Life is a mockumentary web series created by former students of UCLA. It follows the fictional lives of the inhabitants of the college dorm floor 5 South. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12231727", "score": "0.9629115", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "his sibling, and growing apart from his friends as they find their own space in high school. Scott learns a lot about himself throughout his freshmen year as well. He learns about standing up for himself and what it means to be a good friend. Actions have Consequences: Another theme is that actions have consequences. Scott has to grow up to be able to make the decisions in life, yet sometimes it can lead to consequences. Critical reception for \"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie\" was mixed to positive, with TeenReads praising the character of Scott Hudson. Kirkus Reviews wrote that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040208", "score": "0.95274556", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "much to say. Halfway through their freshmen year, he has to move away to Texas and then to Japan because of his father's job. Mouth: A kid who has been in Scott's classes since kindergarten. Louden is his real name, but nobody ever mentions him by anything other than Mouth. He is called Mouth because he never stops talking and often finds himself in sticky situations because of this word vomit. He thinks he is always doing what is best but it often will get someone in trouble because he doesn't know better. Due to stress and rejection, Mouth tries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040205", "score": "0.9438832", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "wins a seat, only to find out that she has not won. Because of this, Scott resigns from his position on the student council. It turns out that a lot of other members also resigned including the president, meaning Julia who happened to have the second most votes is now president. He also auditions for the school play and is selected as a member of the crew, thinking that Julia is also auditioning for the play. However, Julia has not been selected as a member of the cast or crew. Soon, a new girl named Lee arrives at school, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040196", "score": "0.9315326", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "There are several brothers in the book as well as bonds that are like brothers.There is the weak bond between Scott and his older brother Bobby; the hate bond that Scott has with his soon-to-be baby brother or sister; the bond between Scott and his childhood friends that slowly diminishes; the new bond between Scott and Wesley; and the faint bond between Scott and his AP English teacher. Growing Up: An obvious theme for a book about going from middle school to high school. Scott deals with fitting in, dealing with stress, a new baby on the way to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040207", "score": "0.9000951", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Digital Exploration of Interior Design", "text": "is in a sleep lab, and Troy and Abed are in the dorms with plans to construct a pillow fort. Pierce comes across information in the Greendale bylaws and calls the Dean over. The rules states that a Greendale student must have partial ownership of any commercial business on campus. A young man then introduces himself as Subway and explains that he is both a student and corporate representative. Later, Jeff is following Annie and asking her to let him in on the sleep lab as he believes it to be another blow off class. He is surprised to learn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16478377", "score": "0.8957138", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Saint Mary's College of California", "text": "shared bathrooms). The only exceptions are Aquinas hall which has students live in suites with their own bathroom, and the first floor of Assumption, which is coeducational with separate bathrooms for each sex. Currently, first years living on campus are guaranteed a spot on campus for their second year. Sophomores live in Becket Hall, More Hall, North and South Claeys Halls, and Ageno A, B, and C Halls. All of these halls are \"suite\" style living and each suite comes with three or four bedrooms, accommodates six students, and has its own bathroom and shower. Floors on suite buildings are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2103669", "score": "0.8945807", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "become very beautiful over the summer. Because of her beauty she quickly blends in with the popular girls and is attracted to the football players who are often bullying Scott. Scott is also connected to another classmate named Louden, who is better known as Mouth. Scott tries every attempt to get Julia's attention such as joining the school paper, because he thinks that she is part of the staff, only to discover that she has written only a single column for the paper. He then runs for student council, after finding out that Julia is also running as well, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040195", "score": "0.89410067", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "in honors classes while his childhood friends are in less advanced classes, becomes involved in many activities in school and ends up making some very interesting friends throughout his freshmen year. Julia Baskins: A girl who was in kindergarten with Scott. Scott refers to her at first sight as \"an honest-to-goodness goddess\". She shares an honors English course with Scott and often says the things he is thinking which only increases his admiration for her. She is extremely intelligent and kind but finds her place with the popular girls and pays no attention to Scott. Lee: A new girl that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040201", "score": "0.89362013", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "UIUC Residence Halls", "text": "these halls are not required to purchase a meal plan. In lieu of privately owned apartments, the housing department also offers apartments instead of traditional dormitories. These apartments are most commonly utilized by graduate students, students with families, and faculty. Freshman cannot live in these apartments. Orchard Downs is located about a mile from campus, Goodwin-Green is located near the Illinois Street Residence Halls, and Ashton Woods is located near the university's research park. There are a number of private residence halls around campus, as well as a few houses that are outside of the Greek system and offer a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8162823", "score": "0.89068615", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Someone Else's Summer", "text": "sleeping at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Cameron and Anna head there but Anna is surprised when she contacts her aunt and learns that despite being accepted into her dream college Storm never sent the cheque to secure her down payment on the university. She and Cameron go to the Carolina Beach Lake Park to the dive-in theatre and learn that it was destroyed by Hurricane Irene and never rebuilt. Sleeping in the dorm, Anna is suspicious about why Storm wanted to spend a night there despite the fact that she was supposed to spend the following year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20739962", "score": "0.88835967", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "by most of the other students in the school. He often shakes down freshmen for their loose change and lunch money. Wesley befriends Scott after Scott lies to him about why he was in the principal's office. He then bonds with Scott over good books and unexpected food favorites like hot cocoa with little marshmallows. He becomes an older brother figure for Scott. Bobby Hudson: Scott's older brother. He comes and goes, often looking like he was dragged through the mud whenever he shows up again. He is a good brother to Scott but never very present. Used to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040203", "score": "0.88750863", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "University of Notre Dame residence halls", "text": "cookie contest, and a horse-drawn carriage from LaFortune student center all the way to Carroll. Previously, into the mid-1990s, Carroll Hall held an annual haunted house on the Friday closest to Halloween. Cavanaugh Hall is located directly south of Zahm Hall and is directly north of Lafortune Student Center. Cavanaugh houses around 200 undergraduate students. Even in the cold of winter, girls need not trek far to make their way around campus since the dorm is centrally located. The dorm boasts rooms with private bathrooms as well as a stellar view of the golden dome. Cavanaugh was originally built as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11598384", "score": "0.8814714", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "to commit suicide by hanging himself, but survives, and is then transferred to a different school. Mitch: One of Scott's three childhood friends. He quickly gets a girlfriend coming into high school and ignores his friends from that point on. Vernon: A member of the school football team and Julia's boyfriend, Vernon is tough and sometimes bullies other people. He gets angry when there is no mention of him in the school paper. He then beats Scott up when he finds out about his crush on Julia. Because of this however, Julia dumps him and starts dating someone else. Brotherhood:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040206", "score": "0.88082063", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "starts dating a nicer guy, though she is now close to Scott enough to give him a kiss on the cheek. Scott Hudson: Scott is the main protagonist and narrator. A young boy who starts off in the novel transitioning from middle school to high school. At the start he struggles to keep up with the level of homework, dealing with upperclassmen, and maintaining a relationship with his friends. On top of all that, he also finds himself crushing on a girl who he previously didn't notice. Scott is very well-read and smart. He starts off in high school being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040200", "score": "0.88041633", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "to it. In his entries to the baby, he often shows disdain by using degrading terms to talk to it such as \"Smelly\" or \"Blob of unformed goo\". But he writes it to be a good older brother to this new baby since Scott's own brother was rarely present. As time goes by, Scott tries to find his place, but he starts to lose his best friends. Mitch finds a girlfriend and soon forgets the group, Patrick moves to Texas, then to Japan, and Kyle joins the wrestling team and soon puts Scott down for having a crush on Julia.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040198", "score": "0.87675506", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Campus of New York University", "text": "placed in the halls closest to the main campus area. Therefore, historically, most of the students who lived in dorms found off-campus were sophomores. However, beginning in the fall 2006 semester, sophomores received priority housing, giving them first choice of residence halls. The purpose of this initiative was to keep the sophomore class together in the Union Square area. As a result, the junior class (class of 2008) and the senior class (class of 2007) never benefited from first choice as sophomores or seniors. The university operates its own transit system to transport its students, by bus or trolley, to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10206284", "score": "0.8761455", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Penn State Erie, The Behrend College", "text": "Behrend freshmen live in Lawrence, Niagara or Perry Halls. Some students live in Senat Hall, which is reserved for upperclassmen. Honors students live in Ohio Hall and Almy Hall. In 2018 the campus saw the addition of the newest building, Trippe Hall. Sophomores, juniors, and seniors often opt to live in 8 person/4 bedroom suites in Tiffany, Tigress, and Porcupine Halls. On-campus apartments are also available at the Behrend Apartments, located in the upper section of the main campus area. These apartment buildings include Ariel Hall, Caledonia Hall, Champlin Hall, Elliott Hall, Packet Hall, Scorpion Hall, Somers Hall, Turner Hall,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6186227", "score": "0.87329334", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "wears face pins and weird clothes, and has wildly colored hair. Both soon realize that they share the same interests, but he cannot get past his crush on Julia. Scott suddenly has another \"friend\" named Wesley, a high school senior. Though they share some interests, they have little in common. Then to put the cherry on top of all this excitement going on in his life, his mother announces that she is pregnant. He copes with all of this by creating a tip book for his soon-to-be baby sibling to help him, or her, survive high school when they get", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11040197", "score": "0.8691807", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Christopher Newport University", "text": "Campus\" and is primarily used to house upper-class students. Residence halls on campus are usually segregated into the class of student living in them. In the recent years, new policies have been enacted that require all freshman and sophomore students to live in an on campus housing facility, unless they live in the commuting zone. Starting with the class of 2014, all students must live on campus during the junior year in addition to their freshman and sophomore years. The oldest housing facility on campus is Santoro Hall. Opened in 1992, the hall was named in honor of then President", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3573470", "score": "0.86886835", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Princeton University", "text": "are comparable, but only residential colleges have dining halls. Nonetheless, any undergraduate may purchase a meal plan and eat in a residential college dining hall. Recently, upperclassmen have been given the option of remaining in their college for all four years. Juniors and seniors also have the option of living off-campus, but high rent in the Princeton area encourages almost all students to live in university housing. Undergraduate social life revolves around the residential colleges and a number of coeducational eating clubs, which students may choose to join in the spring of their sophomore year. Eating clubs, which are not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "324623", "score": "0.86624986", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "New York University residence halls", "text": "the lottery system and are by tradition placed in the halls closest to the main campus area. Therefore, historically, most of the students who lived in halls found far from Washington Square were sophomores. However, beginning in the fall 2006 semester, sophomores received priority housing, giving them first choice of residence halls. The purpose of this initiative was to keep the sophomore class together in the Union Square area. As a result, that year's junior class (class of 2008) and senior class (class of 2007) never benefited from having first choice, either as seniors under the old system or sophomores", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5899239", "score": "0.8648567", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Freshmen (comics)", "text": "Freshmen (comics) Freshmen is a comic book series published by Top Cow, co-created by Seth Green and Hugh Sterbakov. The publication is marketed as \"The adventures of college freshmen with extraordinary powers.\" Issue #1 was dated June 8, 2005. \"Freshmen II\" was released between November 2006 and July 2007. Fourteen college freshmen are cast out of the main dormitory and forced to live in temporary housing in the Boughl Science Building where they are given superhuman powers by the \"ax-cell-erator\" after an explosion. Dr. Theodore Tomlinson asks for the help of the super-powered freshmen to repair the device. Kenneth \"Norrin\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5593897", "score": "0.864094", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Saint Benedict's Preparatory School", "text": "Acting, Physics, Intense Exercising, karate, and cooking. Freshmen don't have a choice. At the end of the Freshmen Year, Freshmen spend a week together. They sleep in tents. Freshman team members take turns cooking for one another, preparing food they have carried on their backs. The Backpacking Project is a five-day trek over of the Appalachian Trail in the mountains of western New Jersey. Freshmen form themselves into 16 teams of eight members each and elect a leader. Upon selecting a leader they also make decisions for the rest of available positions, which are the camping specialists(2), the cooks (2),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10612384", "score": "0.8630589", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "long_answer": "Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he's not in classes with his friends since he's carrying all honors and college prep classes. He tries his best from the very start to get the attention of Julia Baskins, a girl who was in his kindergarten class and has recently become very beautiful over the summer. Because of her beauty she quickly blends in with the popular girls and is attracted to the football players who are often bullying Scott. Scott is also connected to another classmate named Louden, who is better known as Mouth. Scott tries every attempt to get Julia's attention such as joining the school paper, because he thinks that she is part of the staff, only to discover that she has written only a single column for the paper. He then runs for student council, after finding out that Julia is also running as well, and wins a seat, only to find out that she has not won. Because of this, Scott resigns from his position on the student council. It turns out that a lot of other members also resigned including the president meaning Julia who happened to have the 2nd most amount of votes is now president. He also auditions for the school play and is selected as a member of the crew, thinking that Julia is also auditioning for the play. However, Julia has not been selected as a member of the cast or crew. Soon, a new girl named Lee arrives at school, who wears face pins and weird clothes, and has wildly colored hair. Both soon realize that they share the same interests, but he can't get past his crush on Julia. Scott suddenly has another \"friend\" named Wesley, a high school senior. Though they share some interests, they have little in common. Then to put the cherry on top of all this excitement going on in his life, his mother announces that she is pregnant. He copes with all of this by creating a tip book for his soon-to-be baby sibling to help him, or her, survive high school when they get to it. In his entries to the baby, he often shows disdain by using degrading terms to talk to it such as \"Smelly\" or \"Blob of unformed goo\". But he writes it to be a good older brother to this new baby since Scott's own brother was never very present. As time goes by, Scott tries to find his place, but he starts to lose his best friends. Mitch finds a girlfriend and soon forgets the group, Patrick moves to Texas, then to Japan, and Kyle joins the wrestling team and soon puts Scott down for having a crush on Julia. Soon, Julia's boyfriend Vernon beats up Scott after finding out from Kyle (who lost a fight with Scott) that Scott has a crush on his girlfriend. Scott realizes that what a person says and does can affect the life of another after Mouth attempts to commit suicide. Later, he learns that not everything is what it seems once he finds out that his older brother, Bobby, who is struggling to find a job, can barely read. Scott's mother eventually gives birth to a new baby boy, whom they name Sean. Meanwhile, Bobby finds a job through guitar-playing and Julia eventually starts dating a nicer guy, though she is now close to Scott enough to give him a kiss on the cheek.", "chunked_long_answer": "Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he's not in classes with his friends since he's carrying all honors and college prep classes.", "short_answers": [ "J.P. Zenger High" ] }

[ "United States", "1958", "Houghton Mifflin" ]

[ { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "brief stop in Saybrook, a small town just downriver from Wethersfield, where four new passengers board the \"Dolphin\", the ship on which Kit is traveling. As the small rowboat returns to the ship, a small girl named Prudence accidentally drops her doll in the water and begs her mother to get it back for her. Her mother, Goodwife Cruff, harshly strikes Prudence and tells her not to be foolish. Impulsively, Kit jumps into the water and retrieves the doll. She nearly freezes in the frigid water because she was used to the pleasantly warm water in Barbados, her old home.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012516", "score": "1.30918", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "says that they would welcome her because she is family. When she arrives in Wethersfield, Kit finds Wethersfield very different from Barbados. In her previous home, she had servants, but here she is expected to work along with the rest of the family. There is none of the luxury to which she was accustomed, and even the weather is miserably cold. She has two cousins, Mercy (who is crippled) and Judith. She is required to attend church meeting services twice each Sunday, which she finds long and dull. She meets the rich, 25-year-old William Ashby, who begins courting her, though", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012518", "score": "1.2570529", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "is Prudence herself who wrote her name in the book, as she does not wish Prudence to get in trouble with her parents. Then, just as the case seems to be decided, Nat appears with Prudence, who testifies that she herself wrote her name in the hornbook. To demonstrate her literacy, Prudence reads a Bible passage and writes her name, thus convincing her father both that she is intelligent and that no witchcraft could be involved, as the devil would be foolish to allow a child to be taught to use the Bible against himself. While Nat is initially in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012524", "score": "1.2453119", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Elizabeth George Speare", "text": "It features a colonial New Hampshire family kidnapped by Native Americans in 1754. The next year she completed her second historical novel, \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond\", which won numerous awards including the Newbery Medal. Ideas and inspiration for both books came to Speare while she was researching the history of New England and Connecticut, respectively. She earned her second Newbery Medal for her third book, \"The Bronze Bow\", published in 1961. \"The Sign of the Beaver\" (1984) was a Newbery Honor winner and won the Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction and the Christopher Award. Biographer Marilyn Fain Apseloff", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2532100", "score": "1.2150202", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "When she returns to the rowboat, she is met with astonished suspicion, as few people in Connecticut could swim so well. Goodwife Cruff is the most cynical of them all, believing Kit is a witch, saying, \"No respectable woman could stay afloat like that.\" But Kit knew how to swim because she lived in the islands. On the slow trip upriver, Kit befriends John Holbrook, another passenger coming to Wethersfield to study with Reverend Gershom Bulkeley. After the \"Dolphin\" reaches Wethersfield, Kit admits to the captain of the ship that neither her aunt nor uncle knows she is coming. She", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012517", "score": "1.1972994", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "trouble for returning and evades capture, Matthew Wood intervenes on his behalf and gets the sentence remitted because Nat came back to see justice done, not to cause further mayhem. Soon after, two engagements are announced: Mercy to John Holbrook and Judith to William Ashby. Kit decides to return to Barbados. However, she soon realizes that she is truly in love with Nat, and she waits for him to return. Nat returns to Wethersfield with his half bought ship, the \"Witch\", named after for Kit. Kit asks to come on board the \"Witch\" but Nat says no, not until he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012525", "score": "1.1963615", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "get out of hand. He is outraged at Kit for having the audacity to act out something from the Bible and shuts down the school. Heartbroken, Kit flees to the meadows where she meets and befriends the kind, elderly Hannah Tupper, who was outlawed from the Massachusetts colony because she is a Quaker, and does not attend Meeting. As fellow outcasts, Kit and Hannah develop a deep bond, and even after her uncle forbids Kit to continue the friendship, Kit keeps visiting Hannah. During one of her visits, she again meets the handsome Nathaniel (Nat) Eaton, son of the captain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012520", "score": "1.1960392", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "of the \"Dolphin\". Without realizing it, she falls in love with him, and though he doesn't say so, Nat loves her as well. Unfortunately, Nat is banished from Wethersfield after setting lit jack-o-lanterns in the windows of William Ashby's unfinished home with two of his shipmates out of jealousy; he will get 30 lashes if he returns to Wethersfield. Kit also begins secretly teaching Prudence to read and write; Goodwife Cruff claims the child is a halfwit and refuses to allow her to attend the dame school. When a deadly illness sweeps through Wethersfield, a mob gathers to kill Hannah", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012521", "score": "1.1906997", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "by burning her house, since everyone believes she is a witch who has cursed the town. Kit risks her life to warn Hannah, and the two women escape to the river just as the \"Dolphin\" appears from the early morning mist. Kit flags it down, and she explains to Nat the events of the night. Hannah refuses to leave without her cat, so Nat courageously dashes ashore, risking trouble with the town council for stepping foot in Wethersfield. After taking Hannah aboard, Nat then invites Kit to come with them. She refuses, explaining how Mercy is gravely ill, though Nat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012522", "score": "1.1872367", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "believes Kit fears risking her engagement to William Ashby. After the \"Dolphin\" sails away, Kit returns home to find that Mercy's fever has broken. In the middle of the same night, the townspeople come for Kit; Goodwife Cruff's husband has accused Kit of being a witch. The next day, after a night in the sheriff's freezing shed, she is asked to explain the presence of her hornbook in Hannah's house and a copybook with Prudence's name written throughout, as the townspeople fear that she and Hannah had been casting a spell over the girl. Kit refuses to explain that it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012523", "score": "1.15622", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "she does not care for him; originally, her cousin Judith had hoped to marry William, but soon sets her sights on John Holbrook, now a divinity student studying with local minister Gershom Bulkeley. Kit's life improves when she and Mercy begin teaching the dame school for the young children of Wethersfield who are preparing for traditional school. Everything goes well until one day, bored with the normal lessons, Kit decides the children will act out a part from the Bible, the tale of the Good Samaritan. Mr. Eleazer Kimberly, the head of the school, enters the house just as things", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6012519", "score": "1.1294458", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Buttolph–Williams House", "text": "role in the Newbery Medal-winning book \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond\", by Elizabeth George Speare. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1968. Connecticut Landmarks also operates other historic house museums, including: Buttolph–Williams House The Buttolph–Williams House is a historic house museum at 249 Broad Street in Wethersfield, Connecticut. Built in 1711, it is one of the oldest surviving houses in the town. It is owned by Connecticut Landmarks, a historic preservation organization, and is open for regular tours between May and October. it was designated a National Historic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10980805", "score": "1.1099297", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Louisa Venable Kyle", "text": "each story is provided at the end of the story. \"The Witch of Pungo\" is based on Grace Sherwood, a woman who was accused of witchcraft in February 1706 and tried by ducking: \"If Grace would float in consecrated water, as she did after being ducked in the Lynnhaven River off what is now called Witchduck Point, then she was deemed guilty of witchcraft\". Sherwood spent seven years in jail and then lived on a farm granted by Governor Alexander Spotswood. The book was published in 1973 by Printcraft Press, Portsmouth, Virginia, reissued in 1978 in Four O'Clock Farms Publishing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17613749", "score": "1.1006801", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Wethersfield, Connecticut", "text": "the setting for the children's novel \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond\" by Elizabeth George Speare, as well as the setting of the one-act play \"The Valiant\" by Holworthy Hall and Robert Middlemas. Actor-turned-author Thomas Tryon used his native Wethersfield as the setting for his action/romance novels \"The Wings of the Morning\" and \"In the Fire of Spring\", as well as a mystery/horror novel \"The Other\" and a film of the same name. The short film \"Disneyland Dream\" features the Barstow family from Wethersfield, including footage of their neighborhood. In the autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley Malcolm X recounts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1883753", "score": "1.0850172", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "B.P.R.D.: The Soul of Venice and Other Stories", "text": "draining of the town pond in Shiloh, Massachusetts reveals the perfectly preserved corpses of three sisters killed during a witch-hunt in 1693 Sapien and Roger are sent to investigate. Pastor Blackwood a descendant of the town’s original Witchfinder General becomes possessed by the cursed water and attempts to destroy the bodies but Sapien is able to initiate a proper Christian funeral service for the sisters that sends them to their eternal rest taking Blackwood with them. This story written by Geoff Johns and Scott Kolins with art by Scott Kolins and Dave Stewart was published in \"B.P.R.D.: Night Train\" (September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13064983", "score": "1.0202252", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Marilyn Fain Apseloff", "text": "\"They Wrote for Children Too: An Annotated Bibliography of Children's Books by Famous Writers for Adults\". Apseloff's third book, \"Elizabeth George Speare\", published in 1991, focused on the American writer and Newbery Medal winner's works for children, including \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond\" and \"The Sign of the Beaver\". Apseloff contributed articles entitled \"Literature for Children\" to the \"World Book Year Book\" every year from 1984 through 2004. Marilyn Fain Apseloff Marilyn Fain Apseloff (March 18, 1934 - February 22, 2018) was an American author and a professor at Kent State University, known for her study of children's literature. Apseloff", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20616735", "score": "1.0180758", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Redd's Pond", "text": "Redd's Pond Redd's Pond is a pond located in Marblehead, Massachusetts. It was named after Wilmot Redd. In 1692, in Salem Village (now Danvers), several hysterical girls were said to have been “afflicted” by witchcraft. Wilmot Redd was among those accused. She was a crusty old woman, not popular with the womenfolk. Married to fisherman Samuel Redd, local fisherman knew her as “Mammy.” A warrant for her arrest was issued in Salem, signed by Magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. On May 31, Wilmot was taken to Salem Village for a preliminary examination. She was indicted and then placed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18300317", "score": "1.0112395", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Lois the Witch", "text": "raised in a parsonage in Barford, Warwickshire but as she becomes a young woman both her parents die. In 1691 she crosses the Atlantic to live with her uncle and his family in Salem, Massachusetts and then becomes involved in the Salem witch trials. The book's second-longest story \"The Grey Woman\" is a Gothic tale of a young woman who, with her lady's maid, escapes from the castle of her rich, but abusive, husband Monsieur de la Tourelle. The stories \"The Doom of the Griffiths\" and \"The Half-Brothers\" were published in the 1859 collection \"Round the Sofa\" after previous publication", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19823766", "score": "1.0079672", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Molly Leigh", "text": "of cows to travellers and passers-by. She was an eccentric person who kept a pet blackbird. The bird often sat on her shoulder when she brought milk into Burslem to sell to the dairy. She was known for her quick temper, and the people of Burslem were suspicious of her. This was not surprising as, throughout the country, women, particularly elderly women, who lived on their own in remote places were often labelled as witches. In Leigh’s case it was the local parson, Rev. Spencer, who made the accusation. He claimed that Leigh sent her blackbird to sit on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6868763", "score": "1.0076222", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Gershom Bulkeley", "text": "where he served for roughly 5 years. He then became minister of the Congregational church in the town of Wethersfield, Connecticut where he served until 1677. He left the ministry and practiced as a physician in Glastonbury, CT. He is mentioned in \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond\" as a tutor of a student named John Holbrook who is learning to be a minister. Gershom Bulkeley Gershom Bulkeley was a Christian minister and physician who was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1635 to Reverend Peter Bulkeley and Grace Chetwoode Bulkeley. His father, a graduate of St. John’s College, Cambridge was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18628668", "score": "1.0070753", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lois the Witch", "text": "in periodicals. \"The Crooked Branch\" was first published as \"The Ghost in the Garden Room\" in the 1859 extra Christmas issue of \"All the Year Round\" as part of the \"portmanteau\" story \"The Haunted House\". The original manuscripts of \"The Grey Woman\" and \"The Crooked Branch\" are in the Elizabeth Gaskell Manuscript Collection of the John Rylands Library of the University of Manchester. Lois the Witch Lois the Witch and Other Tales is an 1861 collection of five stories by Elizabeth Gaskell. The book was published by Bernhard Tauchnitz in Leipzig. The 1861 book's five stories are \"Lois the Witch\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19823767", "score": "1.0005819", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Water-Witch", "text": "The Water-Witch The Water Witch is an 1830 novel by James Fenimore Cooper. Set in 17th century New York and the surrounding sea, the novel depicts the abduction of a woman, Alida de Barbérie, by the pirate captain of the brigantine \"Water Witch\", and the subsequent pursuit of that elusive ship by her suitor, Captain Ludlow. Cooper wrote the novel, while on an extended tour of Europe, during his stay in the villa Palazzu detta del Tasso near Naples. Cooper tried to print the novel while he was in Italy in 1829 but Papal censors forbade its publication in Italy.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18974978", "score": "1.0004466", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lois the Witch", "text": "Lois the Witch Lois the Witch and Other Tales is an 1861 collection of five stories by Elizabeth Gaskell. The book was published by Bernhard Tauchnitz in Leipzig. The 1861 book's five stories are \"Lois the Witch\" (124 pages), \"The Grey Woman\" (78 pages), \"The Doom of the Griffiths\" (52 pages), \"The Half-Brothers\" (20 pages), and \"The Crooked Branch\" (63 pages). \"Lois the Witch\" is a long short story or novella of historical fiction, which first appeared in 3 parts in October 1859 in the weekly \"All the Year Round\" edited by Charles Dickens. The story's protagonist Lois Barclay is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19823765", "score": "0.99933416", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Lady of the Lake (Sapkowski novel)", "text": "The Lady of the Lake (Sapkowski novel) The Lady of the Lake (Polish original title: \"Pani Jeziora\") is the fifth novel in the Witcher Saga written by Polish fantasy writer Andrzej Sapkowski, first published in Poland in 1999. It is a sequel to the fourth \"Witcher \"novel, \"The Swallow's Tower\" (\"Wieża Jaskółki\"). The story opens with Ciri bathing in a pond in an unknown world. As she does so, Sir Galahad of the Arthurian legend stumbles upon her. After mistaking her for the Lady of the Lake, they then talk and Ciri recounts her story. The story cuts to a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17813598", "score": "0.9885339", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Worst Witch", "text": "over to Ethel's desk, where she drinks an invisibility potion. Taking advantage of her invisibility, the frog-Mildred hops out of the academy and lands in the lily pond on the castle grounds. There, Mildred meets another frog who also was a human once called Algernon Rowan-Webb. Algernon reveals that he was turned into a frog by a fellow magician after an argument. Algernon also reveals that the one thing he craves is some toast and crumpets with butter. Promising to return for him, Mildred hops back up to the academy. Maud and Enid instantly recognise her and take her to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3476276", "score": "0.9872711", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Blakemere Pond", "text": "He wore a frogman's suit. Blakemere Pond Blakemere Pond, also known as Black Mere Pool or Mermaid's Pond, is a small, natural lake in Staffordshire, England. It is situated six miles north-west of Leek. The pond is the subject of an enduring legend that claims that the water is haunted by the ghost of a mermaid. The earliest known record of the lake is from 1686, when Robert Plot wrote about it in his book \"The Natural History of Staffordshire\". According to this text, the pond used to be much larger than its current diameter of . There is some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18123639", "score": "0.98499346", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Worst Witch", "text": "of her fourth year. Its writing was delayed when Murphy underwent cancer treatment. The stories mainly take place within the walls of Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches, a girls-only boarding magic school that is described in the books as a stone castle on top of a mountain, surrounded by pine forest. The school year is divided into two terms: the Winter term (September–January) and the Summer term (March–July), with a month's holiday between them. Students starts at Cackle's at the age of 12, and finish at the age of 17, for a total of five school years. The students arrive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3476305", "score": "0.9849235", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Worst Witch", "text": "him back to his human form. As a last request from Mildred, Mr Hellibore magics up a pot of tea along with some toast and crumpets with butter. The three head off to enjoy the supper. \"The Worst Witch All at Sea\" () was published in 1993. It is the only book in the series not set in Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches, but by the sea instead. Mildred Hubble returns to Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches for the Summer Term of her second year. Instead of the usual black-and-grey-checked dresses, Miss Hardbroom persuaded Miss Cackle to change them to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3476279", "score": "0.98308307", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Lady of the Lake (Sapkowski novel)", "text": "hands. It was published in Czech (Leonardo, 2000), Russian (AST, 2000), Spanish (Bibliopolis, 2006), Lithuanian (Eridanas, 2007), French (Bragelonne, 2011), German (DTV, 2011), Italian (Editrice_Nord, 2015), Finnish (WSOY, 2016) and Dutch (Luitingh-Sijthoff 2016). The English translation was released by Victor Gollancz on March 14, 2017 (Orbit/US) and March 16, 2017 (Orion/UK). The Lady of the Lake (Sapkowski novel) The Lady of the Lake (Polish original title: \"Pani Jeziora\") is the fifth novel in the Witcher Saga written by Polish fantasy writer Andrzej Sapkowski, first published in Poland in 1999. It is a sequel to the fourth \"Witcher \"novel, \"The Swallow's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17813620", "score": "0.98193955", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "long_answer": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959.", "short_answers": [ "1958" ] }

[ "1961", "1962" ]

[ { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, bilateral relations deteriorated substantially. In 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic ties with Cuba and began pursuing covert operations to topple the Communist regime. Moreover, the U.S. imposed and subsequently tightened a comprehensive set of restrictions and bans vis-à-vis the Cuban regime as retaliation for the nationalization of U.S. corporations' property by Cuba. Meanwhile, several organizations, including a nearly unanimous United Nations General Assembly, have called for \"an end to the United States' decades-long economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba.\"", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of Cuba", "text": "rooted in Cuba, the U.S. tariff system was adjusted accordingly to strengthen trade between the nations. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1903 lowered the U.S. tariff on Cuban sugar by 20%. This gave Cuban sugar a competitive edge in the American marketplace. At the same time, it granted equal or greater concessions on most items imported from the United States. Cuban imports of American goods went from $17 million in the five years before the war, to $38 million in 1905, and eventually to over $200 million in 1918. Likewise, Cuban exports to the United States reached $86 million in 1905", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "66040", "score": "1.0060642", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Bay of Pigs Invasion", "text": "their neighbor. Previous to the events at Playa Girón the US government imposed embargoes that limited trade with Cuba. An article that appeared in \"The New York Times\" on 6 January 1960 called trade with Cuba \"too risky\" and about six months later in July 1960, the US reduced the import quota of Cuban sugar, which left the US to increase its sugar supply using other sources. Just following the Bay of Pigs invasion the Kennedy Administration considered complete trade restrictions with Cuba. Five months later the president was authorized to do so. After Cuba's declaration of Marxism, the Kennedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1550965", "score": "1.0047897", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Latin America–United States relations", "text": "countermeasures, resulting in the prohibition of all exports to Cuba on October 19, 1960. Consequently, Cuba began to consolidate trade relations with the Soviet Union, leading the US to break off all remaining official diplomatic relations. Later that year, U.S. diplomats Edwin L. Sweet and Wiliam G. Friedman were arrested and expelled from the island, having been charged with \"encouraging terrorist acts, granting asylum, financing subversive publications and smuggling weapons\". The U.S. began the formulation of new plans aimed at destabilizing the Cuban government, collectively known as \"The Cuban Project\" (aka \"Operation Mongoose\"). This was to be a co-ordinated program", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9704721", "score": "0.9986547", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cuban Democracy Act", "text": "with Cuba All countries trading with Cuba should discontinue doing so as well as cancel any economic activity with the country Any country trading with Cuba risks not being eligible for aid from the U.S. Supporting the Cuban People The donation of food will not be restricted to individuals or organizations not associated with the government Medical supplies and medicine will also be freely traded as long as the intention of the supplies is to help the Cuban people Sanctions Imposed Any vessel which has traded goods or services with Cuba cannot within 180 days dock at a U.S. portCurrency", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8468702", "score": "0.99542284", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "out of Cuba as a result of these mysterious health issues. Under the Trade Sanctions Reform and Enhancement Act of 2000, exports from the United States to Cuba in the industries of food and medical products are permitted with the proper licensing and permissions from the U.S. Department of Commerce and the United States Department of the Treasury. The Obama administration eased specific travel and other restrictions on Cuba in January 2011. A delegation from the United States Congress called on Cuban president Raúl Castro on 24 February 2012 to discuss bilateral relations. The Congress delegation included Patrick Leahy, Democratic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7860749", "score": "0.9946973", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "1960s. According to the United States Chamber of Commerce, the embargo is currently costing the United States economy $1.2 billion per year due to the legal structures that are preventing U.S. based exporters from entering Cuban markets. The Cuba Policy Foundation (CPF) has provided more extreme data. Their estimates put the cost that the embargo has had on the U.S. at $4.84 billion per year while costing Cuba $685 million per year.[3] As of today, Cuba is estimated to have lost over $28.6 billion in trade according to Cuba's Institute of Economic Research. Between 1954 and 1958, trade between Cuba", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972870", "score": "0.98347735", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "one of the world's leading sugar exporters at the time. By 1989, with the collapse of the Soviet bloc, Cuba witnessed its most devastating economic crises. Cuba's GDP plummeted 34% and trade with the nations apart of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) declined by 56%. Between 1989 and 1992 the termination of traditional trade partnerships with the Soviet bloc caused the total value of Cuba's exports to fall by 61% and imports to drop by approximately 72%. This period is known as the Special Period. Supporters of the embargo and many international economists believed that the dissolution of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972872", "score": "0.97852254", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "6, 1960 that called on the US to use every tool at its disposal to bring down Fidel Castro through hunger and disease. On May 1, 2009, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, while speaking about his meeting U.S. President Barack Obama at a summit days earlier, stated \"if President Obama does not dismantle this savage blockade of the Cuban people, then it is all a lie, it will all be a great farce and the U.S. empire will be alive and well, threatening us.\" In June 2009, Moisés Naím wrote in \"Newsweek\": \"The embargo is the perfect example used by anti-Americans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972888", "score": "0.9778594", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Doha Development Round", "text": "Because of the controversial nature of reforming laws on intellectual property, trade in services and subsidising crops for Food Security, the talks focused on trade facilitation, which means lowering cross-border tariffs and other regulations which impede international trade. However, there was still some controversy over this, with Cuba threatening to oppose any deal which did not affect the US embargo on Cuba. The trade facilitation measures agreed in Bali could cut the cost of shipping goods around the world by more than 10%, by one estimate, raising global output by over $400 billion a year, with benefits flowing disproportionately to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5059351", "score": "0.97633547", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "interview, George P. Shultz, who served as Secretary of State under Reagan, called the embargo \"insane\". Daniel Griswold, director of the Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies, criticized the embargo in a June 2009 article: Some American business leaders openly call for an end to the embargo. They argue, as long as the embargo continues, non-U.S. foreign businesses in Cuba that violate the embargo, do not have to compete with U.S. businesses, and thus, will have a head start when and if the embargo is lifted. José Azel, a Senior Research Associate at the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972891", "score": "0.97557324", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "lift the embargo. In May 1960, the Cuban government began to openly purchase regular armaments from the Soviet Union, citing the US arms embargo. In July 1960, the United States reduced the import quota of brown sugar from Cuba to 700,000 tons, under the \"Sugar Act of 1948\"; and the Soviet Union responded by agreeing to purchase the sugar instead. In October 1960 a key incident occurred, Eisenhower's government refused to export oil to the island, leaving Cuba reliant on Soviet crude oil, that the American companies in Cuba refused to refine. This led the Cuban government to nationalize all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972855", "score": "0.9722011", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "China–Cuba relations", "text": "ceremonial trade gathering in Havana in early 2006, China’s ambassador to Cuba said “Our government has a firm position to develop trade co-operation between our countries. The policy, the orientation, has been determined. What’s left is the work to complete our plans.” Cuba and China are both ruled by a communist party, however, they were on different sides during the Cold War, with Cuba being an ally of the Soviet Union while China opposed it since it had different views on communism. China has bailed-out Cuba with loans of billions of dollars, and as a result has access to much", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7950243", "score": "0.9678998", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Bay of Pigs Invasion", "text": "Cuba – the exceptions being medicines and certain foodstuffs – marking the start of an economic embargo. In retaliation, the Cuban National Institute for Agrarian Reform took control of 383 private-run businesses on 14 October, and on 25 October a further 166 US companies operating in Cuba had their premises seized and nationalized, including Coca-Cola and Sears Roebuck. On 16 December, the US then ended its import quota of Cuban sugar. The US government was becoming increasingly critical of Castro's revolutionary government. At an August 1960 meeting of the Organization of American States (OAS) held in Costa Rica, the US", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1550874", "score": "0.9663706", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "January 2015, and the limited import of items like Cuban cigars and rum to the United States is allowed, as is the export of American computer and telecommunications technology to Cuba. On 14 April 2015, the Obama administration announced that Cuba would be removed from the United States \"State Sponsors of Terrorism\" list. The House and Senate had 45 days from 14 April 2015 to review and possibly block this action, but this did not occur, and on 29 May 2015, the 45 days lapsed, therefore officially removing Cuba from the United States' list of state sponsors of terrorism. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7860745", "score": "0.9649357", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "the United States Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has become more lenient with some of the sanctions imposed upon Cuba by introducing new streamlined procedures to expedite processing of license applications for exporting eligible agricultural commodities to Cuba. As a result, annual U.S. exports to Cuba have risen from $6 million to about $350 million between 2000 and 2006. Over this period U.S. exports to Cuba have totaled to more than $1.5 billion. As of 2006 agricultural products have comprised 98% of total U.S. exports to Cuba. Cuban Assets Control Regulations require that persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972874", "score": "0.9620511", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Cuba–Soviet Union relations", "text": "American neighbors and non-aligned countries, as the only Marxist nation within the Western Hemisphere, Cuba was no longer able to maintain their political status. After the shift to world market prices under the 1991 trade agreement and the dissolution of CMEA, which had once accounted for almost 85 percent of Cuban trade, trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent. The Soviet Union alone imported 80% of all Cuban sugar and 40% of all Cuban citrus. Oil imports dropped from 13 million tons in 1989 to about 3 million tons in 1993 from Russia. The end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8307514", "score": "0.9600285", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "China–Cuba relations", "text": "of their oil in the Gulf of Mexico. Bilateral trade between China and Cuba in 2005 totaled US$777 million, of which US$560 million were Chinese exports to Cuba. Bilateral trade between China and Cuba in 2014 totaled US$1.6 billion. China is sending a growing amount of durable goods to Cuba. Chinese goods have become the primary tools both in the planned revitalization of Cuban transport infrastructure and in the “Energy Revolution” of 2006 to provide electricity to the Cuban population. Some large-scale transactions include: As of mid-2006, Cuba had purchased 100 locomotives from China for US$130 million. As of early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7950244", "score": "0.9592719", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Cuban Revolution", "text": "on the Bay of Pigs with the aim of ousting Castro, but the counterrevolutionaries were swiftly defeated by the Cuban military. The U.S. Embargo against Cuba – the longest-lasting single foreign policy in American history – is still in force as of 2018, although it has undergone a partial loosening in recent years, although it was recently strengthened in 2017. The U.S. began efforts to normalize relations with Cuba in the mid-2010s, and formally reopened its embassy in Havana after over half a century in August 2015. Castro's victory and post-revolutionary foreign policy had global repercussions. Influenced by the expansion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1933000", "score": "0.9590558", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "as ships docking at Cuban ports are not allowed to dock at U.S. ports for six months. It's important to note that this title includes waiver authority, so that the President might suspend its application. This waiver must be renewed every six months and traditionally it has been. In response to pressure from some American farmers and agribusiness, the embargo was relaxed by the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act, which was passed by the Congress in October 2000 and signed by President Bill Clinton. The relaxation allowed the sale of agricultural goods and medicine to Cuba for humanitarian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972865", "score": "0.95689154", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "James G. Blaine wrote in 1881 of Cuba, \"that rich island, the key to the Gulf of Mexico, and the field for our most extended trade in the Western Hemisphere, is, though in the hands of Spain, a part of the American commercial system ... If ever ceasing to be Spanish, Cuba must necessarily become American and not fall under any other European domination.\"After some rebel successes in Cuba's second war of independence in 1897, U.S. President William McKinley offered to buy Cuba for $300 million. Rejection of the offer, and an explosion that sank the American battleship USS \"Maine\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7860708", "score": "0.95673174", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "like the Guantánamo Bay tract was one of the requirements of the Platt Amendment, conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba following the Spanish–American War. Over time, the United States' laws and foreign policy regarding Cuba has changed drastically due to strained relationship. Beginning with opposition to the Castro led Independence Revolution in Cuba, the Spanish–American War, naval use of Guantanamo Bay Trade restrictions imposed by Nixon, and a trade embargo opened in the year 2000. Since the 1990s, American public opinion of Cuba has overall become more favorable, and people became more supportive of ending", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7860752", "score": "0.9538687", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Puerto Rican Campaign", "text": "commercial commodity which the United States lacked: sugar. On February 15, 1898 the USS Maine exploded and sunk in Havana Harbor, Cuba. According to the Navy's leading weapons expert, Philip Alger, the explosion was due to a coal fire igniting a reserve magazine of six tons of gunpowder, much of which was already degrading due to the humid climate. However, the United States forwarded an ultimatum to Spain to withdraw from Cuba following the sinking of the \"Maine\". In response, Spain broke off diplomatic relations with the United States, and on April 23, 1898 Spain declared war. On April 25,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4164344", "score": "0.95362705", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "and the United States was at a higher level than what it is today. 65% of Cuba's total exports were sent to the United States while imports from the U.S. totaled to 74% percent of Cuba's international purchases. After the formal implementation of the embargo and the passage of Proclamation 3355, there was a 95% decrease in Cuba's sugar quota, which canceled roughly 700,000 tons of the 3,119,655 tons previously allotted to the United States. A year later, Cuba's sugar quota was reduced to zero when President Eisenhower issued Proclamation 3383. This substantially affected Cuba's total exports as Cuba was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972871", "score": "0.95143664", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "History of Cuba", "text": "referred to as the \"Special Period\". When the Soviet Union, the country's primary source of trade, was dissolved in late 1991, a major supporter of Cuba's economy was lost, leaving it essentially paralyzed because of the economy's narrow basis, focused on just a few products with just a few buyers. National oil supplies, which were mostly imported, were severely reduced. Over 80% of Cuba's trade was lost and living conditions declined. A \"Special Period in Peacetime\" was declared, which included cutbacks on transport and electricity and even food rationing. In response, the United States tightened up its trade embargo, hoping", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "66102", "score": "0.94846857", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Cuban peso", "text": "peso lost value by the United States embargo against Cuba and the suspension of the sugar quota. The suspension was the principal economic force driving Cuba to seek out a new economic partner, the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, the peso lost much of its value and the exchange rate fell to 125 pesos to the US dollar. Recently, it has become more valuable and fluctuated between 23 and 25 pesos to the US dollar. In 1993, during the period of economic austerity known as the Special Period, the US dollar was made legal tender to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4039226", "score": "0.9480727", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "the trade embargo as well as re-establishing diplomatic ties to Cuba. Gallup's poll that asked, \"Is your overall opinion of Cuba very favorable, mostly favorable, mostly unfavorable or very unfavorable?,\" began in 1997 with only 10% of people voting favorable, or mostly favorable and in 2015, Cuba's favorability reached 46%, almost half of the population believing Cuba to be very or mostly favorable, the highest percentage since the question has been asked. That question has a had a constant rise in favorability, while asking whether or not Cuba was a serious threat had a constant decrease. According to the Roper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7860753", "score": "0.94737005", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Spanish–American War", "text": "had wished to avoid. President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20, 1898. In response, Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21. On the same day, the U.S. Navy began a blockade of Cuba. On April 23, Spain stated that it would declare war if the U.S. forces invaded its territory. On April 25, Congress declared that a state of war between the U.S. and Spain had de facto existed since April 21, the day the blockade of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "380290", "score": "0.9467131", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "the Soviet Union and the resultant economic crisis would lead to the downfall of Fidel Castro’s government. Cuba's government however instituted a campaign of macroeconomic adjustment and liberalization which helped significant economic recovery. According to a report released in 2001 by the U.S. International Trade Commission in response to a request made by the U.S. House of Representatives, the total value of U.S. exports of selected agricultural products, intermediate goods, and manufactured goods to Cuba in the absence of U.S. sanctions was estimated to be at $146 and $658 million for U.S. imports from Cuba between 1996 and 1998. Recently,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972873", "score": "0.94508404", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "United States embargo against Cuba", "text": "States. , the embargo, which limits American businesses from conducting trade with Cuban interests, remains in effect and is the most enduring trade-embargo in modern history. Despite the existence of the embargo, the United States is the fifth-largest exporter to Cuba. (6.6% of Cuba's imports come from the US.) Cuba must, however, pay cash for all imports, as credit is not allowed. The UN General Assembly has, since 1992, passed a resolution every year condemning the ongoing impact of the embargo and declaring it in violation of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law. In 2014, out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3972852", "score": "0.9441883", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "long_answer": "Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, bilateral relations deteriorated substantially. In 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic ties with Cuba and began pursuing covert operations to topple the Communist regime. Moreover, the U.S. imposed and subsequently tightened a comprehensive set of restrictions and bans vis-à-vis the Cuban regime as retaliation for the nationalization of U.S. corporations' property by Cuba. Meanwhile, several organizations, including a nearly unanimous United Nations General Assembly, have called for \"an end to the United States' decades-long economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, bilateral relations deteriorated substantially. In 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic ties with Cuba and began pursuing covert operations to topple the Communist regime. Moreover, the U.S. imposed and subsequently tightened a comprehensive set of restrictions and bans vis-à-vis the Cuban regime as retaliation for the nationalization of U.S. corporations' property by Cuba. Meanwhile, several organizations, including a nearly unanimous United Nations General Assembly, have called for \"an end to the United States' decades-long economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba.\"", "short_answers": [ "1961" ] }

[ "Mitch Murray" ]

[ { "title": "How Do You Do It?", "text": "The song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first record. The Beatles recorded the song but opposed releasing it, feeling that it did not fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. They recorded the song in September, 1962;", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "Gerry and the Pacemakers Gerry and the Pacemakers is an English beat group prominent in the 1960s Merseybeat scene. In common with the Beatles, they came from Liverpool, were managed by Brian Epstein, and were recorded by George Martin. They are most remembered for being the first act to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart with their first three single releases: \"How Do You Do It?\", \"I Like It\" and \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". This record was not equalled for 20 years, until the mid-1980s success of fellow Liverpool band Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Another of their most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447292", "score": "1.4285309", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Gerry Marsden", "text": "Gerry Marsden Gerard Marsden MBE (born 24 September 1942) is an English musician and television personality, best known for being leader of the Merseybeat band Gerry and the Pacemakers. Marsden was born at 8 Menzies Street, Toxteth, Liverpool, and his interest in music began at an early age. He remembers standing on top of an air raid shelter singing \"Ragtime Cowboy Joe\" and getting a great reception from onlookers. Gerry and the Pacemakers was the second group signed by Brian Epstein and remained among his favourite artists. Their first single was \"How Do You Do It,\" recommended by George Martin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634916", "score": "1.312392", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "From Me to You", "text": "The Pacemakers, who also hailed from Liverpool, were very much rivals of the Beatles in their early days—Gerry and the Pacemakers attained the first number one (\"How Do You Do It\") before the Beatles, and also claimed their second and third number ones before the Beatles did, slowly losing steam afterwards as Beatlemania launched and the Beatles dominated music worldwide in 1964. A true indication of how successful the Beatles became thanks to \"From Me to You\" (though it would soon be overshadowed by \"She Loves You\" and \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\") was expressed by McCartney: \"The first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3709960", "score": "1.169038", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Mitch Murray", "text": "lack of enthusiasm was clear in the recording, which remained officially unreleased until it appeared on \"Anthology 1\" in 1995. Martin let them release \"Love Me Do\" instead, passing \"How Do You Do It?\" to another young Liverpool based group, Gerry and the Pacemakers. Their version - essentially a copy of The Beatles' recording - launched their career with a UK Number 1 single the following spring. Thus encouraged, Murray sent them another of his songs, \"I Like It\", which became their second single and also topped the UK Singles Chart. He had further success throughout the next ten years,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7943331", "score": "1.1549444", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "with \"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)\" (Laurie 3271) with some success. By late 1965, their popularity was rapidly declining on both sides of the Atlantic. They disbanded in October 1966, with much of their latter recorded material never released in the UK. Gerry Marsden became a popular cabaret and children's TV entertainer. He reformed the Pacemakers in 1972 with prominent Liverpool musicians Jose McLaughlin, Billy Kinsley and Pete Clarke. This second version of the group, as well as touring internationally, became the only 'Merseybeat' band to ever record for \"The John Peel Show\" on BBC Radio 1in April 1973. The tracks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447298", "score": "1.1507425", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "How Do You Do It?", "text": "fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. They recorded the song in September, 1962; although Murray disliked their changes, the decision not to release the Beatles' version was primarily a business one. \"Love Me Do\" was their first single instead. The recording was officially released in November 1995 on the Beatles retrospective \"Anthology 1\" album. Gerry and the Pacemakers' version, also produced by Martin, became a number-one hit in the UK until it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10833144", "score": "1.1346059", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "How Do You Do It?", "text": "was replaced by \"From Me to You\" (the Beatles' third single). It was the title song of a seven-inch EP record also featuring \"Away From You\", \"I Like It\" and \"It's Happened to Me\" (Columbia SEG8257, released July 1963). The single entered the US charts on 5 July 1964, eventually reaching number nine. How Do You Do It? \"How Do You Do It?\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10833145", "score": "1.124001", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "that he was \"ill\". Gerry Marsden announced his retirement along with his band on 29 November 2018 to spend more time with his Family. In the United States, a different series of Gerry and the Pacemakers' singles was issued, as their Laurie Records label created more albums, and at least two singles, which were never issued in Britain. This was a standard practice at the time; it also happened with the Beatles and the Dave Clark 5. † – Soundtrack, includes other artists In 1963, Gerry Marsden was quoted as saying – \"NME\" – August 1963 Gerry and the Pacemakers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447300", "score": "1.1035893", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "reached number one in the UK Singles Chart, the latter recorded instead of the Beatles' \"Hello Little Girl\". \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" had been a favourite of Marsden's since seeing \"Carousel\" growing up. It quickly became the signature tune of Liverpool Football Club and, later, other sports teams around the world. The song remains a football anthem. The group narrowly missed a fourth consecutive number one when \"I'm the One\" was kept off the top spot for two weeks in February 1964 by fellow Liverpudlians' The Searchers \"Needles and Pins\". Despite this early success, Gerry and the Pacemakers never had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447295", "score": "1.0978764", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "famous songs, \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\", refers to the River Mersey that flows past Liverpool. Gerry Marsden formed the group in 1959 with his brother Fred, Les Chadwick, and Arthur McMahon. They rivalled the Beatles early in their career, playing in the same areas of Hamburg, Germany and Liverpool. McMahon (known as Arthur Mack) was replaced on piano by Les Maguire around 1961. They are known to have rehearsed at Cammell Laird shipping yard at Birkenhead. The group's original name was Gerry Marsden and the Mars Bars, but they were forced to change this when the Mars Company, producers of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447293", "score": "1.0934434", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "You'll Never Walk Alone", "text": "1963 by the Liverpudlian Merseybeat group Gerry and the Pacemakers, peaking at number one on the UK singles chart for four consecutive weeks. Sung by Liverpool fans in 1963, the song quickly became the anthem of Liverpool F.C. and is sung by its supporters moments before the start of each home game with the Gerry and the Pacemakers version played over the public address system. According to former player Tommy Smith, lead vocalist Gerry Marsden presented Liverpool manager Bill Shankly with a recording of his forthcoming cover single during a pre-season coach trip in the summer of 1963. \"Shanks was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1972390", "score": "1.0933268", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Gerry Marsden", "text": "after it was initially given to the Beatles. This was the first number one hit for the Pacemakers. It was recorded at Abbey Road Studios and was released on EMI's Columbia label. Marsden said the recording took four or five takes. The group's second number one was \"I Like It\", followed by \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". Other singles included \"It's Gonna Be Alright\", \"I'm the One\", \"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying\" and \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\". In 1965 Gerry married Pauline Behan and they have two daughters, Yvette and Victoria. After leaving the Pacemakers—his brother Fred Marsden, Les", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634917", "score": "1.088054", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hillsborough disaster", "text": "of the Gerry and the Pacemakers song \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\" was released in aid of those affected. The song featured Liverpool musicians Paul McCartney, Gerry Marsden (of the Pacemakers), Holly Johnson, and the Christians, and was produced by Stock Aitken Waterman. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 1 on 20 May, remaining at the top for a total of three weeks. Although Gerry and the Pacemakers' earlier hit \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" had stronger ties to Liverpool FC, it was not used because it had recently been rerecorded for the Bradford City stadium fire appeal. By the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "704618", "score": "1.0822198", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "from that show have now been included on the album: 'Gerry and the Pacemakers Live at the BBC', released on Parlophone Records in October 2018. Since then Gerry has occasionally toured with various line-ups of the band on the oldies circuit. Drummer Freddie Marsden died on 9 December 2006 in Southport, age 66. On 15 March 2017 Gerry Marsden collapsed onstage at a Gerry and the Pacemakers concert in Newport, South Wales, UK, and was helped offstage after telling the audience he was scheduled to undergo knee surgery the next week. Marsden did not return, and a spokesperson said only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447299", "score": "1.0662925", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying", "text": "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying \"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying\" is a song written and originally performed by British beat group Gerry and the Pacemakers. The songwriting is credited to Gerry Marsden and the other band members, Freddie Marsden, Les Chadwick and Les Maguire. It was first recorded by Louise Cordet, and then recorded by the group themselves in early 1964. The song was given first to Louise Cordet, a singer who had previously toured with the group as well as with The Beatles. Her version was produced by Tony Meehan and released on Decca Records", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16903357", "score": "1.0527955", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "another number one single in the UK. Marsden began writing most of their songs, including \"I'm the One\",\"It's Gonna Be All Right\" and \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\", as well as their first and biggest US hit, \"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying\", which peaked at No.4. The band also starred in an early 1965 film, \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\" (sometimes referred to as \"Gerry and the Pacemakers' version of \"A Hard Day's Night\"\"), for which Marsden wrote much of the soundtrack. The title song was revived in 1989 as a charity single for an appeal in response to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447296", "score": "1.0509354", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Gerry and the Pacemakers", "text": "Hillsborough football crowd disaster, giving Marsden – in association with other Liverpool stars, including Paul McCartney and Frankie Goes to Hollywood's Holly Johnson – another British number one. In the US, their recordings were released by the small New York City record label Laurie in 1963, with whom they issued four singles without success. When the Beatles broke through in January 1964, Laurie's next regular single release of \"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying\" became a big hit and during 1964 Laurie coupled \"How Do You Do It?\" with \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" (Laurie 3261) and \"I Like It\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447297", "score": "1.0501984", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying", "text": "in February 1964. The group then decided to issue their own version. The record, like the group's earlier releases, was produced by George Martin. It was released in April 1964 as Gerry and the Pacemakers' fifth single in Britain, and spent 11 weeks on the United Kingdom's \"Record Retailer\" chart, reaching No. 6. In the US, it was the breakthrough single for the group, spending 12 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, reaching No. 4. The song debuted at No. 4 in the first issue of Canada's \"RPM\" \"Top Forty-5s\" chart, while reaching No. 5 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16903358", "score": "1.048162", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The JuJus", "text": "Radio, where it reached number two on the station's \"Favorite 40\" chart in the fall of 1965. After a performance, in which the group capitalized on the success of Gerry and the Pacemakers, The JuJus recorded two cover versions of their songs, though they would not be released until 2009. In late-1965, the group added guitarist Rick Stevens soon after receiving an award by Adderly for the success of \"You Treat Me Bad\". It appeared the band was primed to achieve popularity on a national stage when Drummond Records offered a contract to distribute the group's single. However, as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18843431", "score": "1.0374551", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Les Maguire", "text": "vocalist Karl Terry from the Cruisers with Maguire on saxophone. Gerry and the Pacemakers achieved immediate success in the British chart and later in the United States. Maguire remained with the group until it faded from the public eye towards the end of the 1960s. He briefly fronted the Mississippi blues band, Hog Owl in 1970, and teamed up with the Pacemakers for occasional reunion performances. Les Maguire Leslie Charles \"Les\" Maguire (born 27 December 1941, Wallasey, Cheshire) is an English pianist. Maguire started his career, playing tenor saxophone in a Liverpool pop group, the Vegas Five, which later changed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13402640", "score": "1.0267754", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Dick James", "text": "J. Kramer and Gerry and the Pacemakers. James lived in Anson Road, Cricklewood, north-west London, in the 1960s. He was involved, along with Brian Epstein, in offering Bobby Willis a singing contract which he turned down on his future wife, Cilla Black's, insistence. Willis was a backing singer on Cilla Black's \"You're My World.\" James signed Reg Dwight and his lyricist Bernie Taupin as untried unknowns in 1967 after his son Stephen, who had been working with his father since 1963, found Dwight using their recording studios late at night without permission. Stephen, who had started the recording studios and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2914929", "score": "1.01512", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Beat music", "text": "name, combining it with a pun on the beat in their music), and to a lesser extent by British rock and roll groups such as the Shadows. After the national success of the Beatles in Britain from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including Gerry & The Pacemakers, the Searchers, and Cilla Black. The first act who were not from Liverpool or managed by Brian Epstein to break through in the UK were Freddie and the Dreamers, who were based in Manchester, a short distance away, as were Herman's Hermits and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2544057", "score": "1.0110166", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying", "text": "(1989), Gloria Estefan (1994), Jeff Buckley (1998), Paul Carrack (2010), and Nellie McKay (2015). Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying \"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying\" is a song written and originally performed by British beat group Gerry and the Pacemakers. The songwriting is credited to Gerry Marsden and the other band members, Freddie Marsden, Les Chadwick and Les Maguire. It was first recorded by Louise Cordet, and then recorded by the group themselves in early 1964. The song was given first to Louise Cordet, a singer who had previously toured with the group as well as with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16903360", "score": "0.99687433", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "George Martin", "text": "to release it, not being one of their own compositions or style. Martin was correct: Gerry & the Pacemakers' version, which Martin produced, spent three weeks at No. 1 in April 1963, before being displaced by \"From Me to You\". On 11 September 1962, the Beatles re-recorded \"Love Me Do\" with session player Andy White playing drums. Ringo Starr was asked to play tambourine and maracas, and although he complied, he was definitely \"not pleased\". Due to an EMI library error, a 4 September version with Starr playing drums was issued on the British single release; afterwards, the tape was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "826290", "score": "0.9803941", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ferry Cross the Mersey", "text": "two weeks. Ferry Cross the Mersey \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\" (sometimes written Ferry 'Cross the Mersey) is a song written by Gerry Marsden. It was first recorded by his band Gerry and the Pacemakers and released in late 1964 in the UK and in 1965 in the United States. It was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic, reaching number six in the United States and number eight in the UK. The song is from the film of the same name and was released on its soundtrack album. In the mid-1990s a musical theatre production also titled \"Ferry Cross", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6386210", "score": "0.97610426", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Les Chadwick", "text": "substantial role as Gerry Marsden's sidekick \"Chad\". Like many British bassists of the era, he used a plectrum and favoured short scale hollow body basses such as the Epiphone and a Höfner Verythin. On 19 October 1961, the Beatles and Gerry and the Pacemakers merged to become the 'Beatmakers', for a one-off performance in Litherland Town Hall. The line-up comprised Gerry Marsden, George Harrison, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Les Maguire, Pete Best, Freddy Marsden, plus vocalist Karl Terry from the Cruisers with Chadwick on bass guitar. When the Pacemakers split up in 1966, he bought a garage with fellow former", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6994406", "score": "0.97025734", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Gerry Lindgren", "text": "an 8-laps to a mile banked track, Lindgren's only slightly slower time is all the more remarkable, as it was run 49 years earlier on a wooden 11-laps to a mile track which is no longer in use because of its tighter turns and inferior results. Lindgren was coached by Tracy Walters in high school, where Walters was responsible for inspiring Gerry to the heights he reached. In the summer following high school graduation and his historic 13:44 5k, Lindgren ran 200 miles a week for 6 weeks in preparation for the US-USSR meet. After that victory, he also set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3952687", "score": "0.9692866", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Gerry Lindgren", "text": "Gerry Lindgren Gerald \"Gerry\" Paul Lindgren (born March 9, 1946) is an American track and field runner who set many long-standing high school and national records in the United States. In 1965, Lindgren and Billy Mills both broke the world record for the six-mile run when they finished in an extremely rare tie at the AAU National Championships, both running exactly 27:11.6. Lindgren went on to win a record 11 NCAA collegiate championships with Washington State University. In 1964, in his senior year at Rogers High School, Lindgren ran 5000 meters in 13 minutes and 44 seconds flat, on a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3952685", "score": "0.95101845", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Gerry Marsden", "text": "Cross the Mersey\". In 1993, Marsden published his autobiography, \"I'll Never Walk Alone\", co-written with former \"Melody Maker\" editor Ray Coleman. On 15 September 2003, Marsden had triple bypass heart surgery at Broad Green Hospital in Liverpool. He had a second heart operation in 2016, and announced his retirement in November 2018. Gerry Marsden Gerard Marsden MBE (born 24 September 1942) is an English musician and television personality, best known for being leader of the Merseybeat band Gerry and the Pacemakers. Marsden was born at 8 Menzies Street, Toxteth, Liverpool, and his interest in music began at an early age.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634920", "score": "0.9509584", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "How Do You Do It?", "long_answer": "The song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first record. The Beatles recorded the song but opposed releasing it, feeling that it did not fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. They recorded the song in September, 1962; although Murray disliked their changes, the decision not to release the Beatles' version was primarily a business one. \"Love Me Do\" was their first single instead. The recording was officially released in November 1995 on the Beatles retrospective Anthology 1 album.", "chunked_long_answer": "The song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first record. The Beatles recorded the song but opposed releasing it, feeling that it did not fit their sound, but worked out changes from Murray's demo-disc version. These included a new introduction, vocal harmony, an instrumental interlude, small lyric changes and removal of the half-step modulation for the last verse. They recorded the song in September, 1962;", "short_answers": [ "Mitch Murray" ] }

[ "1837", "1834" ]

[ { "title": "Reaper", "text": "The McCormick Reaper was designed by Robert McCormick in Walnut Grove, Virginia. However, Robert became frustrated when he was unable to perfect his new device. His son Cyrus asked for permission to try to complete his father's project. With permission granted, the McCormick Reaper was patented by his son Cyrus McCormick in 1837 as a horse-drawn farm implement to cut small grain crops. This McCormick reaper machine had several special elements:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Raphine, Virginia", "text": "of Cyrus McCormick (1809-1884). He became famous as the inventor of the mechanical reaper in 1831. He moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1847, and was the founder, with his brother Leander, of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company which became part of International Harvester Corporation in 1902. The McCormick farm became a test farm for Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (better known as \"Virginia Tech\"). In addition to Walnut Grove, the Kennedy-Lunsford Farm and Kennedy-Wade Mill are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Notable residents of Raphine include Christopher Young who was awarded worlds ugliest man in 2017.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4567069", "score": "1.3412424", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "Cyrus McCormick Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became prominent residents of Chicago. McCormick has been simplistically credited as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. However, he was one of several designing engineers who produced successful models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than two decades of work by his father Robert McCormick Jr., as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822954", "score": "1.3270215", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "streets at the time, but the city had the best water transportation from the east over the Great Lakes for his raw materials, as well as railroad connections to the farther west where his customers would be. When McCormick tried to renew his patent in 1848, the US Patent Office noted that a similar machine had already been patented by Obed Hussey a few months earlier. McCormick claimed he had really invented his machine in 1831, but the renewal was denied. William Manning of Plainfield, New Jersey had also received a patent for his reaper in May 1831, but at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822960", "score": "1.3239264", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "Washington, DC to get his 1845 patent, he heard about a factory in Brockport, New York, where he contracted to have the machines mass-produced. He also licensed several others across the country to build the reaper, but their quality often proved poor, which hurt the product's reputation. In 1847, after their father's death, Cyrus and his brother Leander (1819–1900) moved to Chicago, where they established a factory to build their machines. At the time, other cities in the midwestern United States, such as Cleveland, Ohio, St. Louis, Missouri, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, were more established and prosperous. Chicago had no paved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822959", "score": "1.3037387", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick Farm", "text": "where meat was dried and smoked to preserve it through the winter. Refrigeration was not introduced until the late 19th century. The McCormick family also maintained a school on their property for neighboring children. The McCormick Farm at Walnut Grove is known as the birthplace of the mechanical reaper, the predecessor to the combine harvester. Cyrus McCormick reportedly designed, built, and tested his reaper all within six weeks at Walnut Grove, although the design may have been merely an improvement upon the similar device developed by his father and his brother Leander over 20 years. Shortly after constructing his first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7221246", "score": "1.290741", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "the time, Manning was evidently not defending his patent. McCormick's brother William (1815–1865) moved to Chicago in 1849, and joined the company to take care of financial affairs. The McCormick reaper sold well, partially as a result of savvy and innovative business practices. Their products came onto the market just as the development of railroads offered wide distribution to distant markets. McCormick developed marketing and sales techniques, developing a wide network of salesmen trained to demonstrate operation of the machines in the field, as well as to get parts quickly and repair machines in the field if necessary during crucial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822961", "score": "1.2869518", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick Farm", "text": "of the 19th century, McCormick's company had built a primitive combine, which could harvest grain even faster and cheaper than older reapers. Prior to inventing the reaper, farmers could only harvest a day; after the reaper was invented, farmers could harvest a day using less manual labor. The mechanical reaper did not require a family to toil all day to harvest crops. Instead, a single farmer merely operated the machine and the reaper would do the rest of the work. His work in mechanical reapers and harvesting techniques allowed farmers to cultivate plots of land bigger than ever thought possible.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7221248", "score": "1.2814021", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Reaper", "text": "did not experience mainstream success and acceptance until at least 20 years after it was patented by Cyrus McCormick. This was because the McCormick reaper lacked a quality unique to Obed Hussey's reaper. Hussey's reaper used a sawlike cutter bar that cut stalks far more effectively than McCormick's. Only once Cyrus McCormick was able to acquire the rights to Hussey's cutter-bar mechanism (around 1850) did a truly revolutionary machine emerge. Other factors in the gradual uptake of mechanized reaping included natural cultural conservatism among farmers (proven tradition versus new and unknown machinery); the poor state of many new farm fields,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2276218", "score": "1.2804055", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "other living man.\" The Wisconsin Historical Society holds Cyrus McCormick's papers. Cyrus McCormick Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became prominent residents of Chicago. McCormick has been simplistically credited as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. However, he was one of several designing engineers who produced successful models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822974", "score": "1.2603788", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "still thought the machine was unreliable. He did sell one in 1840, but none for 1841. Using the endorsement of his father's first customer for a machine built by McPhetrich, Cyrus continuously attempted to improve the design. He finally sold seven reapers in 1842, 29 in 1843, and 50 in 1844. They were all built manually in the family farm shop. He received a second patent for reaper improvements on January 31, 1845. As word spread about the reaper, McCormick noticed orders arriving from farther west, where farms tended to be larger and the land flatter. While he was in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822958", "score": "1.2570136", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick Farm", "text": "reaper he went on to harvest his first crop with it later that year. After building his first reaper, Cyrus constantly went back to the drawing board to revise and improve his basic design, coming out with new models almost every decade. After his father's death, Cyrus McCormick moved his base of operations from Rockbridge County, Virginia to Chicago, Illinois in 1847 because of the fertile prairie soil in the midwestern United States. In 1859, Cyrus was joined by his brothers Leander James McCormick and William Sanderson McCormick to form the company Cyrus H. McCormick and Brothers. By the end", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7221247", "score": "1.2558206", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "times in the farm year. A company advertisement was a take-off of the \"Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way\" mural by Emanuel Leutze; it added to the title: \"with McCormick Reapers in the Van.\" In 1851, McCormick traveled to London to display a reaper at the Crystal Palace Exhibition. After his machine successfully harvested a field of green wheat while the Hussey machine failed, he won a gold medal and was admitted to the Legion of Honor. His celebration was short-lived after he learned that he had lost a court challenge to Hussey's patent. Another McCormick Company competitor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822962", "score": "1.2550361", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Anita McCormick Blaine", "text": "Working upon lessons learned from failed efforts by his father, the Virginia-born Cyrus McCormick had worked to construct a mechanical grain-harvesting device from an early age, fabricating his first crude machine in 1831, when he was just 22 years old. After putting down the project for a time, McCormick returned to refine his mechanical reaper in 1842, beginning to sell the first few commercial machines in that year. McCormick moved his operation to Chicago in 1848 and within five years was well on his way to becoming a prosperous industrialist. By the time of Anita's birth, the family fortune exceeded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19480531", "score": "1.249491", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Reaper", "text": "Made in Baltimore, Maryland, Hussey's design was a major improvement in reaping efficiency. The new reaper only required two horses working in a non-strenuous manner, a man to work the machine, and another person to drive. In addition, the Hussey Reaper left an even and clean surface after its use. The \"McCormick Reaper\" was designed by Robert McCormick in Walnut Grove, Virginia. However, Robert became frustrated when he was unable to perfect his new device. His son Cyrus asked for permission to try to complete his father's project. With permission granted, the McCormick Reaper was patented by his son Cyrus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2276215", "score": "1.2425742", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Market Revolution", "text": "cheaply without having to make repairs as often. In the 1830s, Cyrus McCormick invented a mechanical mower-reaper that quintupled the efficiency of wheat farming. Prior to the mower-reaper, wheat farming had been too difficult, so farmers had instead produced corn, which was less profitable. As in the South after the cotton gin, farmers in the West raked in huge profits as they acquired more lands to plant more and more wheat. More important, farmers for the first time began producing more wheat than the West could consume. Rather than let it go to waste, they began to transport crop surpluses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12641863", "score": "1.2416507", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Obed Hussey", "text": "of the slot in the guards for the escape of particles of straw or grass that might get in between the blades and guards. This served to prevent choking of the blades in the guards. Hussey saw his 1847 improvements as \"perfecting\" his reaper. In 1848, Cyrus McCormick also faced the expiration of his original patent and he sought an extension through the patent office. Hussey and others opposed this extension. Hussey took the position that he opposed McCormick's extension as a matter of self-defense, because McCormick had petitioned Congress against Hussey's extension. On March 29 of that year, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7770322", "score": "1.2274284", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "was John Henry Manny of Rockford, Illinois. After the Manny Reaper beat the McCormick version at the Paris Exposition of 1855, McCormick filed a lawsuit against Manny for patent infringement. McCormick demanded that Manny stop producing reapers, and pay McCormick $400,000. The trial, originally scheduled for Chicago in September 1855, featured prominent lawyers on both sides. McCormick hired the former US Attorney General Reverdy Johnson and New York patent attorney Edward Nicholl Dickerson. Manny hired George Harding and Edwin M. Stanton. Because the trial was set to take place in Illinois, Harding hired the local Illinois lawyer Abraham Lincoln. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822963", "score": "1.2267064", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "well as the aid of Jo Anderson, a slave held by his family. He also successfully developed a modern company, with manufacturing, marketing, and a sales force to market his products. Cyrus McCormick was born on February 15, 1809 in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. He was the eldest of eight children born to inventor Robert McCormick Jr. (1780–1846) and Mary Ann \"Polly\" Hall (1780–1853). As Cyrus' father saw the potential of the design for a mechanical reaper, he applied for a patent to claim it as his own invention. He worked for 28 years on a horse-drawn mechanical reaper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822955", "score": "1.2246473", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mechanised agriculture", "text": "each of Cyrus McCormick's horse-pulled reapers (ca. 1830s) freed up five men for military service in the US Civil War. Later innovations included raking and binding machines. By 1890 two men and two horses could cut, rake and bind 20 acres of wheat per day. In the 1880s the reaper and threshing machine were combined into the combine harvester. These machines required large teams of horses or mules to pull. Steam power was applied to threshing machines in the late 19th century. There were steam engines that moved around on wheels under their own power for supplying temporary power to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5339974", "score": "1.1893477", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "W. W. Marsh", "text": "the machine with ease. The Marsh design was deemed the most effective reaper, and the brothers set to manufacture the product. Marsh Brothers was founded in 1858. William Marsh was the inventor of the company while his brother Charles handled the financial aspects. Marsh's inventions were responsible for thirty-five approved patents, expanding the company line with products such as corn huskers, wire stretchers, and plows. The first company factory was opened in Plano, where they met prominent settler Lewis Steward, who invested in the company. Oringially capable of producing 100 harvesters in a year, Steward's capital allowed the company to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17766780", "score": "1.1878157", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Obed Hussey", "text": "McCormick refused to try his machine there, while Hussey, this time with his larger machine, put his reaper to the task. The result was that he broke his sickle and rake. No winner was declared; nevertheless, the owner of the field concluded that Hussey's machine was better for use in heavy wheat. Hussey sold only two reapers following these contests, while McCormick sold twenty-nine. In 1844, Hussey sought to show that his machine could cut hemp in Kentucky, and in 1845, Hussey reapers were used in the middle seaboard states, New York, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and probably in Ohio and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7770312", "score": "1.1781309", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Obed Hussey", "text": "England in 1852 to promote his reaper. He had success in at least two contests early in the 1852 harvest, but when he took his reaper to Scotland, the Scottish juries awarded prizes to their own. Hussey returned to England for several months in 1853 and was apparently satisfied with his success. By 1855, however, the McCormick reaper had been adapted to English conditions and English buyers had shifted toward McCormick's machine. Nevertheless, by the late 1850s, Hussey had manufacturers in the British Isles making a version of his machine. These Hussey machines, priced lower than McCormick's, gained increasing favor,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7770317", "score": "1.1664999", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Frederick Watts", "text": "Iron Works on South Mountain near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. In 1840, with the help of Cyrus McCormick he demonstrated the operation of McCormick’s reaper for the first time in Pennsylvania. On the day appointed for the test, between 500 and 1,000 people showed up at Watts' farm to watch the \"new-fangled\" machine be put through its paces. When the farmhand sent to collect the cut grain was having difficulty managing his task, a stranger stepped out of the crowd to demonstrate the proper technique; it was none other than Cyrus McCormick himself. His reaper proved to be one of the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10601820", "score": "1.1657158", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Obed Hussey", "text": "thus began the first \"war of the reapers.\" The field of battle was to be a farm near Richmond, Virginia in the region of the lower James River. The contest was planned for June 30, 1843, but on June 27, Hussey learned that McCormick was operating his machine in the area, so Hussey brought his reaper to the same field and challenged McCormick to a competitive trial. With a small crowd of neighbors looking on, McCormick began cutting first. Before Hussey got started, a shower drenched the wheat. Hussey's machine could not cut the wet wheat, leaving McCormick the winner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7770310", "score": "1.1639442", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "to harvest grain; however, he was never able to reproduce a reliable version. Cyrus took up the project. He was aided by Jo Anderson, an enslaved African American on the McCormick plantation at the time. A few machines based on a design of Patrick Bell of Scotland (which had not been patented) were available in the United States in these years. The Bell machine was pushed by horses. The McCormick design was pulled by horses and cut the grain to one side of the team. Cyrus McCormick held one of his first demonstrations of mechanical reaping at the nearby village", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822956", "score": "1.1614614", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Obed Hussey", "text": "iron and glass, beginning May 1. On July 24, a head-to-head trial of reapers by Hussey and McCormick, as well a third of English design, was held. Hussey and McCormick were both absent and Hussey's machine was operated by an agent who had never seen it work. When its cutter clogged, the operator did not know how to clear it, nor did he know how to adjust its platform, resulting in a failure of the rake. The English machine was also unsuccessful, but McCormick's reaper performed well enough to cut an estimated twenty acres a day. At a second trial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7770315", "score": "1.1610868", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "McCormick family", "text": "McCormick family The McCormick family of Chicago and Virginia is an American family of Scots-Irish descent that attained prominence and fortune starting with the invention of the McCormick Reaper a machine that revolutionized agriculture, helped break the bonds of slavery, and established the modern grain trade by beginning the mechanization of the harvesting of grain. Through the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and later, the International Harvester Company and other investments, the McCormicks became one of the wealthiest families in America. The name became ubiquitous in agriculture starting in the 19th century and the press dubbed the McCormicks the \"Reaper Kings\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12716087", "score": "1.1600558", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "helped his cause. McCormick decided to seek help from the US Congress to protect his patent. In 1871, the factory burned down in the Great Chicago Fire, but McCormick heeded his wife's advice to rebuild, and it reopened in 1873 even as McCormick's health declined, so she took a greater role in the family's business as well as philanthropic affairs. In 1879, brother Leander changed the company's name from \"Cyrus H. McCormick and Brothers\" to \"McCormick Harvesting Machine Company\". He wanted to acknowledge the contributions of others in the family to the reaper \"invention\" and company, especially their father. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822965", "score": "1.1569836", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Cyrus McCormick", "text": "Various members of the McCormick family continued involvement with the corporation until Brooks McCormick, who died in 2006. Numerous prizes and medals were awarded McCormick for his reaper, which reduced human labor on farms while increasing productivity. Thus, it contributed to the industrialization of agriculture as well as migration of labor to cities in numerous wheat-growing countries (36 by McCormick's death). The French government named McCormick an Officier de la Légion d'honneur in 1851, and he was elected a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1878 \"as having done more for the cause of agriculture than any", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822973", "score": "1.1565278", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "Reaper", "long_answer": "The McCormick Reaper was designed by Robert McCormick in Walnut Grove, Virginia. However, Robert became frustrated when he was unable to perfect his new device. His son Cyrus asked for permission to try to complete his father's project. With permission granted, the McCormick Reaper was patented by his son Cyrus McCormick in 1837 as a horse-drawn farm implement to cut small grain crops. This McCormick reaper machine had several special elements:", "chunked_long_answer": "The McCormick Reaper was designed by Robert McCormick in Walnut Grove, Virginia. However, Robert became frustrated when he was unable to perfect his new device. His son Cyrus asked for permission to try to complete his father's project. With permission granted, the McCormick Reaper was patented by his son Cyrus McCormick in 1837 as a horse-drawn farm implement to cut small grain crops. This McCormick reaper machine had several special elements:", "short_answers": [ "1837" ] }

[ "15", "18", "13" ]

[ { "title": "This Is Us (season 2)", "text": "The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, began airing on September 26, 2017, on NBC. This Is Us will serve as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 2)", "text": "This Is Us (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season was produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A second and third season of \"This Is Us\" were ordered in January 2017, with production for season two beginning that July. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20330102", "score": "1.0396601", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 2)", "text": "on NBC in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. \"This Is Us\" served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 91% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.09/10, and an average episode score of 92%, based on 21 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"This is Us\" continues to tug at heartstrings with an emotional exploration of family that ensures viewers will want to keep the tissues close -- and their loved ones closer.\" General references This Is Us (season 2) The second season of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20330107", "score": "1.0106419", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 1)", "text": "intimate series of portraits and stitch them together. But at the same time, waves of cloying sentiment threaten to submerge everything.\" \"This Is Us\" was included on multiple Best/Top TV Shows of 2016 lists; these are listed below in order of rank. \"This Is Us\" premiered on September 20, 2016, in the U.S. on NBC. The series premiered on CTV in Canada on September 21, 2016, on TVNZ 2 in New Zealand on September 27, 2016, and in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 on December 6, 2016. The series premiered in Australia on Channel Ten on February 8, 2017.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966684", "score": "0.9672462", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 3)", "text": "Production on the season officially began on July 10, 2018, in Los Angeles. General references This Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966689", "score": "0.9650254", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 3)", "text": "This Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966686", "score": "0.9498354", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 1)", "text": "This Is Us (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" follows the family lives and connections of several people who all share the same birthday and the ways in which they are similar and different. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Fogelman and Don Todd serving as showrunners. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, and Ron Cephas Jones. The season, which premiered on NBC on September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966685", "score": "0.9436929", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 1)", "text": "full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, \"This Is Us\" will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since \"Parenthood\" went off the air.\" On Metacritic, the season has a normalized score of 76 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". TVLine gave the series \"A-\" saying, \"With emotionally resonant dialogue and top-notch performances, \"This Is Us\" should fill that Braverman-sized hole in your heart.\" \"TV Guide\" placed \"This Is Us\" at ninth among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–2017 season and called it, \"a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966678", "score": "0.9389734", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "This Is Us (TV series)", "text": "the season a score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Season 2 received a 94% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews. \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the first few episodes of \"This Is Us\" a rating of B, calling it \"a refreshing respite from the relational violence and pessimism that marks the other buzz soaps that have bubbled forth from a culture of divisiveness\". Moreover, they praised all the actors, specifically Sterling K. Brown, for being able to navigate \"his scenes with such intelligence, authenticity, and charisma\". Outside of the regular Tuesday", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19510486", "score": "0.92702705", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)", "text": "stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, manipulations and a bitch slap or two.\" Recognizing the show's increasing popularity, OWN renewed the drama series for a 2nd season midway into the first season. The 2nd season was originally to consist of 16 episodes and bring the series to 32 in total by the completion of season 2; however on August 21, it was announced that the network had ordered 4 additional episodes for the 2nd season, which will bring the series to 36 episodes in total by season 2's completion. Season 2 of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17014840", "score": "0.91782576", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Wild 'n Out", "text": "The 2nd season contains a total of 10 episodes which were broadcast from February 2 to April 6, 2006 on MTV. The 3rd season contains a total of 8 episodes which were broadcast from August 10 to October 5, 2006 on MTV. The 4th season contains a total of 20 episodes which were broadcast from May 12 to September 6, 2007 on MTV. The 5th season contains a total of 12 episodes which were broadcast from July 9 to September 24, 2013 on MTV2. The 6th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from July 2, 2014", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5789132", "score": "0.9136102", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "One Day at a Time (season 2)", "text": "One Day at a Time (season 2) The second season of the American comedy-drama web television series \"One Day at a Time\" premiered on Netflix on January 26, 2018, at 12:00 am PST worldwide. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 26–35 minutes. The series is a re-imagination of the original CBS sitcom of the same name (1975–1984). It was developed by Gloria Calderon Kellett and Mike Royce, with Norman Lear serving as an executive producer. Pamela Fryman directed the first episode of the season \"This Is It\". It was filmed in Los Angeles, California at Sony Pictures Studios in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20642405", "score": "0.9097332", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Numbers (season 2)", "text": "Numbers (season 2) Season two of Numbers, an American television series, premiered on September 23, 2005 and its season finale was on May 19, 2006. Season two sees several changes to Don's FBI team: Terry Lake is reassigned to Washington DC and two new members join Don and David Sinclair: Megan Reeves and Colby Granger. Charlie is challenged on one of his long-standing pieces of mathematical work and also starts work on a new theory, Cognitive Emergence Theory. Larry sells his home and lives a nomadic lifestyle, while he becomes romantically involved with Megan. Amita receives an offer for an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8169089", "score": "0.90710163", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Arthur (season 2)", "text": "found on \"Series 3.\" <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Arthur (season 2) The 2nd season of the television series \"Arthur\" was originally broadcast on PBS in the United States from October 20, 1997 to April 17, 1998 and contains 20 episodes. This season, like seasons 1 and 3, was released on DVD in Europe only; due to the fact that this was actually two production seasons (the first ten episodes encompassing the first and the last ten encompassing the second) combined into one long season for US airings, the first ten episodes for this season can be found on the \"Series 2\" DVD and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14358282", "score": "0.9060012", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "American Dad!", "text": "reports and models as to the number of seasons \"American Dad!\" has had. (A): One of the reports upholds a one-season-fewer numbering model: Under this arrangement, season 1 is a combination of both the first 7 episodes and the following 16 episodes, despite the separation of these two episode collections by a summer hiatus. Under this system, season 1 is uncharacteristically longer in contrast to the rest of the show's seasons, consisting of 23 episodes. (B): The other report upholds a one-season-more numbering model: Under this arrangement, season 1 ended after the program's first 7 episodes leading into the summer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3609392", "score": "0.9057837", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 1)", "text": "<onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Dan Fogelman and Don Todd served as the season's showrunners. In 2015, Mandy Moore, Milo Ventimiglia, Justin Hartley, Sterling K. Brown, and Ron Cephas Jones were the first to be cast in Dan Fogelman’s pilot. Chrissy Metz was later cast in the pilot, followed by Susan Kelechi Watson. Jon Huertas joined the cast in 2016. The first season of \"This Is Us\" received positive reviews, with critics praising cast performances and series plot. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 91% based on 64 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.68/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Featuring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966677", "score": "0.9056918", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Arthur (season 2)", "text": "Arthur (season 2) The 2nd season of the television series \"Arthur\" was originally broadcast on PBS in the United States from October 20, 1997 to April 17, 1998 and contains 20 episodes. This season, like seasons 1 and 3, was released on DVD in Europe only; due to the fact that this was actually two production seasons (the first ten episodes encompassing the first and the last ten encompassing the second) combined into one long season for US airings, the first ten episodes for this season can be found on the \"Series 2\" DVD and the last ten can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14358281", "score": "0.8931681", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Seth MacFarlane", "text": "bringing the total number to 35 episodes. The announcement was made on May 3, 2009 before the first season even premiered. Due to strong ratings, Fox picked up the back nine episodes of season 2, making a 22-episode season and bringing the total episode count of the show to 44. The series ended on May 19, 2013, with a total of 4 seasons and 88 episodes, and the character of Cleveland returned to \"Family Guy\" in the episode \"He's Bla-ack!\". This is the only animated series created by MacFarlane that does not have him voicing the main character. Seth MacFarlane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2357594", "score": "0.88979733", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "This Is Us (season 1)", "text": "all works out' seems to be the main takeaway from the pilot, but where things specifically go from here is one whopping question mark. Perhaps if this was an episodic anthology series with new characters flooding in every week and new arcs every season, \"This Is Us\" could repeat the mysterious highs of its subjectively mediocre pilot (depending on how you like that ending).\" In a moderate review for \"Variety\", Sonia Saraiya said, \"It's deceptively difficult to build a surprising and complete story in just 40 minutes with so many characters. Yet \"This Is Us\" manages to both craft an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19966683", "score": "0.8889258", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Frasier (season 2)", "text": "of the 100 Greatest Episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Frasier (season 2) The second season of the American sitcom \"Frasier\" commenced airing in the United States on September 20, 1994 and concluded on May 23, 1995. It continues to follow Dr. Frasier Crane's experiences as a radio psychiatrist and efforts of getting closer with his father and brother. The second season aired Tuesdays at 9:00 pm in the United States, after moving from its previous Thursday night time slot. The season was released on DVD as a four-disc boxed set on January 6, 2004 by Paramount Home Entertainment. In 1997, TV Guide ranked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9616687", "score": "0.8872999", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Wild 'n Out", "text": "to February 4, 2015 on MTV2. The 7th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from June 10, 2015 to January 6, 2016 on MTV2. There are also stand up specials after the episodes in this season are finished. The 8th season contains a total of 21 episodes which were broadcast from August 4, 2016 to April 20, 2017 on MTV, marking the first time in almost a decade that the show aired new episodes on its original network. The 9th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from June 29 to October 5,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5789133", "score": "0.8872937", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Numbers (season 2)", "text": "assistant professor position at Harvard University, but is plagued by doubt as her relationship with Charlie is challenged and her career is in upheaval. Alan begins working and dating again, though he struggles with the loss of his wife. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> NOTE: Refs Need Archive Backup URLs @ https://archive.org/web/ Numbers (season 2) Season two of Numbers, an American television series, premiered on September 23, 2005 and its season finale was on May 19, 2006. Season two sees several changes to Don's FBI team: Terry Lake is reassigned to Washington DC and two new members join Don and David Sinclair: Megan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8169090", "score": "0.8872693", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Lost Girl (season 2)", "text": "announcing \"record-breaking ratings\" and the \"number one scripted series for Adults 25-54 across all specialty channels\" in Canada. On July 7, 2011, Showcase announced that the Season Two premiere would be on September 4, 2011, and that an additional nine episodes had been ordered to make the season a total of 22 episodes. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Season Two premiered on Syfy (UK) on January 12, 2012. In Australia, Season Two premiered on Sci Fi on February 23, 2012. In the United States, Season Two premiered on Syfy on April 16, 2012; one week after the end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17851193", "score": "0.88725597", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Hot in Cleveland (season 2)", "text": "2011, Part 1 features the first 10 episodes of the season. Part 2 which features the rest of the 12 episodes was scheduled to be released on DVD on November 19, 2012, along with a Complete Season 2 box-set with all episodes of Season 2 released on the same date, but got delayed to December 31, 2012, and then again to February 25, 2013. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hot in Cleveland (season 2) The second season of the TV Land original sitcom \"Hot in Cleveland\" premiered on January 19 and ended on August 31, 2011. Twenty episodes were initially ordered, but the order", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15129518", "score": "0.8844775", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "El barco (TV series)", "text": "viewers, the show was renewed for a second season consisting of 17 episodes, but eventually the last 3 episodes were allocated to the third season, leaving season 2 with 14 episodes instead. The second season aired between September 8, 2011 and January 5, 2012. Season 2 continues with the Captain Montero deciding to help the astronauts who are about to land, while an approaching hurricane of unprecedented strength endangers the ship and all aboard. After getting through the danger, the crew is able to rescue the space capsule but finds no astronauts inside. Later, the North Star discovers 4 sole", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15248887", "score": "0.88076895", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "ICarly (season 2)", "text": "\"iChristmas\". The second season consisted of 45 episodes, with 25 of them airing as part of the second season before the remaining 20 were marketed as the third season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> ICarly (season 2) The second season of \"iCarly\" aired on Nickelodeon from September 27, 2008 to August 8, 2009. The season continues the stories of Carly Shay (Miranda Cosgrove), Sam Puckett (Jennette McCurdy), and Freddie Benson (Nathan Kress) as they produce their own web show called \"iCarly.\" Jerry Trainor co-stars as Carly's big brother Spencer. This season is the first to have a major plot twist, as it sees", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13212450", "score": "0.8794223", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Erotas (TV series)", "text": "May 30, 2008 with a total of 250 episodes. This season would have had 100 episodes, however this was extended to 250 episodes on October 10, 2007 due to outstanding ratings performance. This lead many to believe it would be the last season, since it was being given an increasingly extended run. These people were proven corrected, as the series was cancelled on May 26, 2008. The start of the third season begins where Season 2 left off. Everybody has boarded Myrto's cruise, and Angello is murdered. A wedding occurs, and some beloved faces from Mirto's past return. On April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10101750", "score": "0.87811863", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "One Day at a Time (season 1)", "text": "One Day at a Time (season 1) The first season of the American comedy-drama web television series \"One Day at a Time\" premiered on Netflix on January 6, 2017, at 12:00 am PST worldwide. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 26–31 minutes. The series is a reboot of the original CBS sitcom of the same name (1975–1984). It was developed by Gloria Calderon Kellett and Mike Royce, with Norman Lear, the developer of the original series, serving as an executive producer. Pamela Fryman directed the first episode of the season, \"This Is It\". It was filmed in Los Angeles,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20589672", "score": "0.87696826", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "South of Nowhere", "text": "is only available in selected countries. It is not available in Canada. Episodes can also be viewed on Logo's official website. Season 2 was released on September 16, 2008, through \"Amazon.com\". Season 1 was released on October 21, 2008. These contain the same edits as used on Amazon Unbox. Season 1 does not feature opening credits for the majority of the episodes, though the accompanying music track, \"Life Me Up,\" is used in the closing credits for each. Season 3 was released on June 16, 2009 through \"Amazon.com\". \"South of Nowhere\" received positive reviews. Ratings for the second season were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6184180", "score": "0.8743205", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Reed Timmer", "text": "his TVN Team. He has created 2 seasons so far: a 2012 season, and a 2013 season, He is unsure whether the series will return at all. Season 1 was released with a total of 12 episodes. 2012 was a very quiet season, and so very few tornadoes were seen. In one episode, they ended up having their SUV's windows shattered by the large hail. It can be seen in episode 12 of the Season. Timmer and his team also attended a science fair that year. Season 2 had far more tornadoes and exciting footage than season 1, the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14142201", "score": "0.8742242", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "This Is Us (season 2)", "long_answer": "The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, began airing on September 26, 2017, on NBC. This Is Us will serve as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018.", "chunked_long_answer": "The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, began airing on September 26, 2017, on NBC. This Is Us will serve as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018.", "short_answers": [ "18" ] }

[ "1977", "in 1977" ]

[ { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "Seattle Slew (February 15, 1974 – May 7, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred race horse who won the Triple Crown in 1977—the tenth of twelve horses to accomplish the feat. He is the only horse to have won the Triple Crown while having been undefeated in any race previous. Honored as the 1977 Horse of the Year, he was also a champion at age two, three and four. In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century Seattle Slew was ranked ninth.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "before, he had been the sole living Triple Crown winner. At the horse's death, there were no living Triple Crown winners for the first time since Sir Barton won the first Triple Crown in 1919. This phenomenon continued until American Pharoah's Triple Crown in 2015. The Taylors remained close to Seattle Slew throughout his life and were with him at the time of his death. \"He had the greatest heart,\" said Karen Taylor. \"He was a fighter to the end.\" John Sikura of Hill 'n' Dale commented, \"To be near greatness is what everyone in this business aspires to, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637551", "score": "1.2732033", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "his right hand triumphantly some 20 yards before the finish line, leading some to criticize him for the \"emotional flourish\". Cruguet described his feelings as \"happiness, just happiness\" before hurrying off to ride in the next race. Turner was harder hit. \"I ducked into a stall and broke down and cried,\" he said. \"It was such a relief, because the pressure was off.\" After the Triple Crown, Seattle Slew was sent to Hollywood Park Racetrack, which increased the purse for the Swaps Stakes to over $300,000 to lure him to run on July 3. In the Swaps, Seattle Slew was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637529", "score": "1.2391739", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "for home though, Dr. Patches made his move and slowly drew past. Seattle Slew tried to fight back but lost by a neck in a major upset. Jean Cruguet lost the mount after the race, after expressing doubt if the horse had been sufficiently trained. The 1978 Marlboro Cup, run on September 16, was the first time that two Triple Crown winners raced each other. Affirmed had won the Triple Crown in a thrilling showdown with Alydar, and had won all but one of his starts that year, that loss coming by disqualification. Taylor was not concerned by Affirmed's reputation.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637537", "score": "1.2359766", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "move into second place, raising concerns about Slew's ability to complete the distance. Seattle Slew responded to the challenge in the final quarter-mile when he opened up daylight between himself and the rest of the field. Down the stretch, Cruguet tapped him with the whip a few times to keep the colt's mind on the race and Seattle Slew won comfortably by four lengths over Run Dusty Run. He became the tenth American Triple Crown winner and (with his nine-for-nine record) was the first Triple Crown winner to finish the series undefeated. Cruguet stood up in the stirrups and raised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637528", "score": "1.2334952", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "William H. Turner Jr.", "text": "Belmont Stakes and Slew was voted U.S. Horse of the Year. Seattle Slew was the only undefeated triple crown winner in history until this feat was emulated in 2018 by Justify. After the Triple Crown, a disagreement between Turner, who wanted to give Slew a rest, and the owners, who wanted to run him in the Swaps Stakes in California led to a parting of ways and Seattle Slew was sent to trainer Doug Peterson. Two years after Slew's historic run, Turner trained a chestnut colt, Czaravich, who won or showed in all of his 13 starts. His campaign included", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8173389", "score": "1.2288543", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "race, after Ruthless in 1867 and Tanya in 1905. The victory earned jockey John Velazquez and trainer Todd Pletcher their first wins in any Triple Crown race. Seattle Slew sired 1,103 named foals, of which 537 (48.7%) were winners and 111 (10.1%) were stakes winners. Major winners by Seattle Slew include: The primary conduit for the continuation of Seattle Slew's male line has been through A.P. Indy, who was the leading sire in North America of 2003 and 2006. A.P. Indy sired the 2003 Horse of the Year, Mineshaft, Preakness Stakes winner Bernardini and Belmont Stakes winner Rags to Riches.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637547", "score": "1.2217546", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "1973 Marlboro Cup. \"I knew when we were able to go to the lead that we could win it,\" Cordero said. \"Slew is such a nice horse and I was able to relax him on the backstretch. There isn't a horse in the world that could have beaten him today.\" Two weeks later, Seattle Slew was entered in the Woodward Stakes, then held at Belmont Park over the American classic distance of miles. Affirmed skipped the race, making Exceller the main contender in a field of five. Seattle Slew coasted through the first quarter in seconds, then picked up the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637540", "score": "1.2028382", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "the year, Turner was fired and replaced by Douglas Peterson. Meanwhile, Seattle Slew was given time off to recover, then resumed training in August for a fall campaign. However, he was sidelined by a suspension to Hill, whose ownership share had been previously undisclosed. Despite the disappointing end to the season, Seattle Slew was the easy winner in the voting for champion three-year-old at the annual Eclipse Awards. The voting for American Horse of the Year honors was closer, with Seattle Slew prevailing over Forego by 105 votes to 84. In early 1978, Seattle Slew was stabled at Hialeah and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637532", "score": "1.1988189", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "one mile, then a stakes record. Despite starting just three times, Seattle Slew was named Champion Two-Year-Old of 1976. Turner scheduled three races for Seattle Slew leading up to the Kentucky Derby, which was then considered to be a light campaign. Turner felt that the main threat to Seattle Slew was his health, because the horse ran so fast and hard every time. Hill later said that Turner used the prep races as workouts and did as little as possible in between. Turner scheduled only 19 breezes for Seattle Slew before and during his Triple Crown campaign, instead trying to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637514", "score": "1.1863241", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "he became the subject of intense media scrutiny. His owners considered entering him in the Gotham Stakes on April 9 but Turner was against it because heavy rains had rendered the main track unusable, meaning the colt had not been able to properly work out. Instead, Seattle Slew made his third start of the year on April 23 in the Wood Memorial Stakes. Going off as the 1-10 favorite, he went to the early lead, challenged by Fratello Ed. Cruguet got the colt to relax and they set sensible fractions, then coasted to a length win. The time of 1:49", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637517", "score": "1.1842048", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "was defeated by another great-grandson of Seattle Slew, Tonalist, by Tapit. Tapit also sired the winners of the 2016 and 2017 Belmont Stakes, Creator and Tapwrit respectively. Seattle Slew was also a notable broodmare sire, leading the North American list in both 1995 and 1996. His daughters produced (among others) Cigar, the leading North American money-earner of his day. Seattle Slew underwent spinal fusion surgery at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital for a neurological condition in 2000, followed by a second surgery in 2002. Upon recovery from the second surgery, he was moved to Hill 'n' Dale Farm to recover:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637549", "score": "1.1839733", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "William H. Turner Jr.", "text": "the Thoroughbred racehorse Salerno, who won the Remsen Stakes in 1967. In 1975, Karen and Mickey Taylor gave their $17,500 colt to Billy Turner for training. Turner started the colt, named Seattle Slew, at Mrs. Henry Obre's Andor Farm in Monkton, Maryland. At 2, Seattle Slew moved to the racetrack and, under Turner, went undefeated in his two-year-old racing season and was honored with the 1976 Eclipse Award. The following year, Turner became only the ninth trainer in American racing history to win the Triple Crown when he saddled Seattle Slew to victories in the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8173388", "score": "1.182142", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hoist The Flag", "text": "I'd never even heard of it. If he hadn't broke down (early in his three-year-old season but eventually saved for stud duties), Hoist the Flag would have been 1-9 to win the Triple Crown. \"Seattle Slew was a top miler, and because he was so much better than everyone else that year he was able to win the Triple Crown, but Hoist the Flag would have beat everyone else going any distance at any time. He was just that much better than everyone else.\" Hoist The Flag Hoist The Flag (1968–1980) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. He was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13448727", "score": "1.1629436", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tony Vega (jockey)", "text": "entered in the 1988 Martha Washington Handicap at Laurel Park after her impressive allowance victory at Aqueduct two weeks prior. Another jockey who rode in The Martha Washington, was Hall of Fame Jockey Jean Cruget, best known for winning the Triple Crown aboard Seattle Slew. Cruget tried to intimidate Vega in the jockey's room before the race, but Vega did not back down and had the last word by winning the race easily, paying $58 to win. Other prominent riders who rode in the race were Hall of Fame jockeys Julie Krone and Kent Desormeaux, Greg MacCaron, Vincent Braciale (rider", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19892626", "score": "1.1608657", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "in White Swan, Washington. Jim Hill, a veterinarian, picked out Seattle Slew at the sale, though the original budget was only $12,000. Karen Taylor, liking the look of the colt, urged her husband to go higher. They named the colt for the city of Seattle and the sloughs which loggers once used to transport heavy logs. Karen felt that the pronunciation of \"slough\" — a slow-moving channel of the Pacific Northwest — would be too hard for people to remember, so the spelling was changed to \"Slew\". A later co-owner was Glenn Rasmussen, the accountant for the equine partnerships. Seattle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637509", "score": "1.1607021", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "and was never challenged, winning by lengths. He completed the -mile race in 1:47, just off the track and stakes record set by Riva Ridge in 1973. Watching the race were Turner and Cruguet, who both expressed regret that they'd had to part ways with the horse. \"Even now,\" said Cruguet, \"he should be undefeated.\" Seattle Slew retired with 14 wins in 17 races and earnings of $1,208,726. He was named Champion Older Horse in 1978 but lost the Horse of the Year balloting to the horse he defeated in the Marlboro Cup, Affirmed. An asterisk before the odds means", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637545", "score": "1.1564845", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "Champagne Stakes, then the most important race for two-year-olds in the United States. His biggest rival was For the Moment, who had won four straight races including the Belmont Futurity and was a full-brother to champion Honest Pleasure. Nonetheless, Seattle Slew went off as the almost even-money favorite. Jockey Jean Cruguet sent him straight to the lead and opened up a lead down the backstretch. None of the other riders chose to challenge him, perhaps believing the colt would tire down the stretch. Instead Seattle Slew continued to draw away, eventually winning by lengths in a time of 1:34 for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637513", "score": "1.1539004", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "predicted speed duel with Cormorant would jeopardize the Derby winner's chances; Andrew Beyer picked Cormorant to win in his \"Washington Post\" column. Other highly rated contenders were J. O. Tobin, the English champion two-year-old colt of 1976, and Iron Constitution, who had won the Withers Stakes. For the first time, Turner chose to have the colt given butazolidin before the race, fearing that Seattle Slew might suffer a minor injury in his final workout. Seattle Slew broke from post position 8 with Cormorant to his inside on a track with a definite bias for runners on the rail. As expected,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637524", "score": "1.1536103", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "his old stall at Three Chimney's was too close to the breeding shed, and he became agitated whenever mares arrived at the farm. On May 7, 2002, 25 years to the day after he won the Kentucky Derby, Seattle Slew died in his sleep at age 28. He was buried whole at Hill 'n' Dale, the highest honor for a winning race horse, with his favorite blanket and a bag of peppermints. Three Chimneys Farm erected a statue of Seattle Slew near the stallion barn in his honor. Since fellow Triple Crown winner and rival Affirmed had died the year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637550", "score": "1.1532484", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "\"We've watched every one of his races this year and watched them carefully,\" he said. \"He's an outstanding horse, but so is Slew. Affirmed had better be ready when the Marlboro Cup comes up, because he's going to see one big, black butt in front of him.\" For the only time in his career, Seattle Slew was not the favorite, going off at 2-1 compared to Affirmed at 1-2. Affirmed and Seattle Slew were both known as front-runners but Seattle Slew's new jockey Angel Cordero Jr. felt that Affirmed had benefited from setting slow early fractions in his early races.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637538", "score": "1.1522689", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "was expected to make three or four starts in Florida, followed by a full campaign in New York's major stakes races. He was scheduled to make the first start of his four-year-old campaign on January 16, 1978 in the Tallahassee Handicap. However, he was scratched from the race on January 14 when he lost his appetite and was found to have a fever of 102. His condition then went quickly downhill, marked by weakness, dehydration and a sharp decrease in his white blood cell count. It was later revealed that his jugular vein had collapsed when a pre-race injection of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637533", "score": "1.146408", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century Seattle Slew was ranked ninth. Joe Hirsch of the \"Daily Racing Form\" wrote of his three-year-old campaign: \"Every time he ran he was an odds-on favorite, and the response to his presence on the racetrack, either for a morning workout or a major race, was electric. 'Slewmania' was a virulent and widespread condition.\" Seattle Slew later became an outstanding sire and broodmare sire, leading the North American sire list in 1984 when his son Swale won the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes. Another son, A.P. Indy, won the Belmont Stakes and continued the sire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637505", "score": "1.145774", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "a graceful front-running style with an acceleration that was compared to \"a falcon in a dive.\" At maturity, he stood high at the withers with strong hind legs and a powerful shoulder. However, his right forefoot was noticeably turned out. Seattle Slew was purchased for just $17,500 (equivalent to $ in ) at the 1975 Fasig-Tipton yearling auction. His new owners, later known as \"the Slew Crew\", were Karen and Mickey Taylor and Jim and Sally Hill. Horse owners since the early 1970s, Karen Taylor was a former flight attendant, and her husband, Mickey Taylor, was a lumberman. They lived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637508", "score": "1.1420567", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Tourist (horse)", "text": "Slew, meaning Seattle Slew appears once in the fourth generation of the pedigree and once in the fifth generation as the sire of Mysteries. Tourist is also inbred 4 x 5 to Incantation, who is the dam of Seattle Song and Lucky Spell. Tourist (horse) Tourist (foaled April 10, 2011 in Kentucky) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2016 Breeders' Cup Mile. He raced unsuccessfully on dirt before switching to turf, where he quickly established himself as a stakes caliber horse. In addition to the Breeders' Cup Mile, he won the More Than Ready Mile", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19842734", "score": "1.1376653", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "A.P. Indy's grandsons include Tapit. the leading North American sire in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Slew City Slew was also a good sire, whose sons include California champion Lava Man. In 2006, Lava Man became the first horse to win the Santa Anita Handicap, Hollywood Gold Cup and Pacific Classic Stakes in the same year. In 2014, Seattle Slew's great-great grandson, California Chrome, won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness. California Chrome was the second Kentucky Derby winner in a row who was a sire-line descendant of Seattle Slew, following Orb in 2013. California Chrome's bid for the Triple Crown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637548", "score": "1.131924", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "was considered unimpressive, but his connections were pleased by the horse's demeanor. \"He doesn't have to run the way he has before,\" said Cruguet. \"He was never really pressed.\" The \"Slew Crew\" then relocated to Churchill Downs where the Taylors set up a camper opposite the colt's stall in Barn 42, which traditionally houses the favorite for the Kentucky Derby. With Mickey Taylor's father acting as chief bodyguard for the colt, the connections dealt with a constant stream of visitors. Showing his growing maturity, Seattle Slew remained relaxed throughout the week leading up to the race. His training did not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637518", "score": "1.1304121", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Chic Anderson", "text": "the stretch far enough in front to ensure a win, Anderson emoted. \"Ladies and gentlemen, here he is, the champion of the world, Seattle Slew!\" For CBS Television, Anderson authored the two most famous calls in horse-racing history—and two of the most famous sportscasts in TV history—the Triple Crown clinchings in the Belmont Stakes of 1973 and 1978. He was behind the CBS mic on June 9, 1973, when Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Secretariat tried to become the first horse in a quarter century to win the Crown. A stunned Anderson punctuated Big Red's powerful move on the final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6532764", "score": "1.1266476", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Seattle Slew", "text": "many felt the colt would be vulnerable at the Derby's distance of miles. The second choice was Run Dusty Run, who had been the second-ranked two-year-old and had run second in several major Derby prep races. For the Moment was also given a strong chance after winning the Blue Grass Stakes. In reaction to the crowd noise, Seattle Slew washed out in the paddock and again during the post parade. Cruguet did little to warm up the colt, instead taking him away from the crowd to relax. He had drawn post position four, and had to wait in the starting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2637520", "score": "1.124169", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Jean Cruguet", "text": "jockey standings for 1972, Cruguet and his wife returned to the United States. In 1976, Cruguet rode the two-year-old colt Seattle Slew to victory in the Champagne Stakes. The following year, he and Seattle Slew won the Wood Memorial Stakes and the Flamingo Stakes en route to winning the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and the Belmont Stakes, thereby capturing American racing's Triple Crown. In a move still written about today, with 20 yards to go to the finish line in the Belmont Stakes, Cruguet stood up in the stirrups, raised his right arm over his head, and jubilantly gave the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8191580", "score": "1.1226735", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "Seattle Slew", "long_answer": "Seattle Slew (February 15, 1974 – May 7, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred race horse who won the Triple Crown in 1977—the tenth of twelve horses to accomplish the feat. He is the only horse to have won the Triple Crown while having been undefeated in any race previous. Honored as the 1977 Horse of the Year, he was also a champion at age two, three and four. In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century Seattle Slew was ranked ninth.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "Seattle Slew (February 15, 1974 – May 7, 2002) was an American Thoroughbred race horse who won the Triple Crown in 1977—the tenth of twelve horses to accomplish the feat. He is the only horse to have won the Triple Crown while having been undefeated in any race previous. Honored as the 1977 Horse of the Year, he was also a champion at age two, three and four. In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century Seattle Slew was ranked ninth.", "short_answers": [ "1977", "in 1977" ] }

[ "Stanford Cardinal" ]

[ { "title": "2014 Rose Bowl", "text": "The 2014 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2014 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 100th Rose Bowl Game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Michigan State Spartans against Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal (the defending Rose Bowl champions), a rematch of the 1996 Sun Bowl. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The first game in the final edition of the Bowl Championship Series, it was sponsored by the Vizio consumer electronics company, and officially titled the Rose Bowl Game presented", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "1988 Rose Bowl", "text": "UCLA back and ran out the clock. The game was a rematch of the season opener in East Lansing, Michigan, that Michigan State won 27–13. The game was dominated by defense; the story was Michigan State linebacker (and game MVP) Percy Snow, who had 17 unassisted tackles, and four USC turnovers. After USC tied the game early in the fourth quarter at 17, Michigan State marched to a game-winning field goal by John Langeloh with four minutes to play. The key play of the drive was a third down play in which Michigan State quarterback Bobby McAllister was nearly sacked,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11110605", "score": "1.245725", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "1955 Michigan State Spartans football team", "text": "Rose Bowl. 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team The 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third season in Big Ten play and their second season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 9–1 overall record (5–1 against Big Ten opponents) and were ranked No. 2 behind Oklahoma in the final AP Poll. Michigan State was named national champion by Boand, an NCAA-designated major selector. Three Michigan State players were selected by the AP as first-team players on the 1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18899328", "score": "1.1842822", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "1966 Rose Bowl", "text": "and began picking up bigger and bigger chunks of yardage on the ground. With six minutes and thirteen seconds remaining in the game, Michigan State began a drive from their own 20-yard line. Juday passed to Gene Washington for 42 yards to the UCLA 38. They finally broke through for a touchdown when their large Samoan fullback Bob Apisa took a lateral from sophomore quarterback Jimmy Raye and scored on a 38-yard run. On the point after, Michigan State faked the kick and went for a two-point conversion. Pressured by UCLA defensive end Jerry Klein, Juday's pass failed and UCLA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11271175", "score": "1.182086", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "1954 Rose Bowl", "text": "returned a punt 62 yards for a touchdown with 4:51 left in the game. In their first official season in the Big Ten, the Spartans led the league in the number of black players. Michigan State's eight black athletes represented nearly a quarter of all African Americans in the entire conference. 1954 Rose Bowl The 1954 Rose Bowl game, played on January 1, 1954, was the 40th Rose Bowl game. The Michigan State Spartans defeated the UCLA Bruins, 28–20. Michigan State halfback Billy Wells was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. This was the first year that Michigan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11834418", "score": "1.1735785", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "1966 Rose Bowl", "text": "led 14–6. Michigan State got the ball back at the UCLA 49 after Bubba Smith partly blocked a punt by UCLA punter Larry Cox. The Spartans began to march down field in the waning moments, switching on this drive to a two-quarterback system. They alternated Juday and Raye with Daugherty sending in the plays. Three times in this final drive the Spartans went for it on fourth down and picked up the first down. A pass to fullback Eddie Cotton brought the ball to the one-yard line. With thirty-one seconds to play, Juday scored on a quarterback sneak. Trailing 14–12,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11271176", "score": "1.171762", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "1954 Rose Bowl", "text": "1954 Rose Bowl The 1954 Rose Bowl game, played on January 1, 1954, was the 40th Rose Bowl game. The Michigan State Spartans defeated the UCLA Bruins, 28–20. Michigan State halfback Billy Wells was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. This was the first year that Michigan State University was counted in the Big Ten Conference football standings, having been a member since 1950. The 1954 Rose Bowl had the first color television \"colorcast\", viewable on 200 sets across the United States. The Michigan State Spartans had joined the Big Ten in 1950, but did not play a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11834414", "score": "1.1678331", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1988 Rose Bowl", "text": "in East Lansing, Michigan in a nationally televised game on Labor Day night. Michigan State took advantage of three USC turnovers to defeat the Trojans, 27–13. Michigan State, led by former Pittsburgh Steelers assistant coach George Perles, had its best team in many years, beat traditional Big 10 powers Michigan and Ohio State, and won the Big Ten by 1½ games over Indiana and Iowa, who tied for second place. The Spartans followed up the USC win by a 31–8 loss at Notre Dame, and then a 31–3 home loss to Florida State. The season got back on track with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11110601", "score": "1.165346", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "1966 Notre Dame vs. Michigan State football game", "text": "did not accept bowl bids between 1926 and 1969 (see below), and Michigan State was the victim of two Big Ten rules that would be rescinded a few years later: The same school could not represent the league in the Rose Bowl in back-to-back seasons, and no Big Ten school could play in a bowl game other than the Rose Bowl. So despite being Big Ten Champions and undefeated in the regular season, the Spartans could not play in the Rose Bowl, or indeed any bowl game. Players for both schools earned tremendous accolades for the season including All American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8803591", "score": "1.1593026", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "1966 Rose Bowl", "text": "32–7 win over Ohio State that ultimately decided the Big Ten Conference title as the Spartans finished one game ahead of the Buckeyes. The Spartans featured future College Football Hall of Fame members split end Gene Washington, defensive end Charles \"Bubba\" Smith, roverback George \"Mickey\" Webster, and halfback Clint Jones. Webster is credited with creating the roverback position. In the first round of the 1967 NFL/AFL Draft, the first overall pick was Bubba Smith by the Baltimore Colts, the second was Clint Jones by the Minnesota Vikings, the fifth was George Webster by the Houston Oilers, and the eighth pick", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11271166", "score": "1.1555488", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "1956 Rose Bowl", "text": "left Michigan State to be accepted. Ohio State was ranked #4 with a 7–2 record, and Michigan State was ranked #2 with a 9–1 record. The teams did not play each other during the regular season. Michigan State opened with a 20–13 win at Indiana before losing to in-state rival Michigan 14-7, their only loss of the season. They won 38–14 over then-#20 Stanford, and defeated then-#4 Notre Dame 21-7. The Spartans did not play Northwestern, Iowa, or Ohio State. Ohio State's two losses were to Duke 20-14, and Stanford 6-0. UCLA was the defending National Champion and had an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11699966", "score": "1.155148", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "1988 Rose Bowl", "text": "then scrambled and at the last instant found receiver Andre Rison at the sideline for a first down that kept the drive alive. USC had time to try to come back, and Trojan quarterback Rodney Peete led USC on a drive to the Spartan 29-yard line with two minutes to play. But Peete fumbled the next snap, Michigan State recovered, and the Spartans ran out the clock. 1988 Rose Bowl The 1988 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1988. It was the 74th Rose Bowl Game. The Michigan State Spartans defeated the USC Trojans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11110606", "score": "1.147703", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "1988 Rose Bowl", "text": "a 19–14 win at Iowa. A dramatic 17–11 win over in state rival Michigan occurred on October 10. On October 31, the Spartans defeated Ohio State, making this the first season since the 1966 National Championship when the Spartans defeated both Michigan and Ohio State. The Indiana Hoosiers also had beaten Michigan and Ohio State, and the meeting between Michigan State and Indiana on November 14 determined the Big Ten championship. Michigan State won 27–3 to clinch their first Rose Bowl appearance since the 1965 season. Note that they are the only team in college history to not only beat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11110602", "score": "1.1462407", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "1998 Rose Bowl", "text": "defensive side, linemen Dorian Boose and Leon Bender both became NFL draftees the following spring, though Bender died before ever playing a pro game. Linebacker Steve Gleason and safety Lamont Thompson also went on to play in the NFL. In the first quarter, Washington State downed a punt at the 1 and forced a punt without a first down. After regaining possession at the Wolverines 47, Leaf connected with McKenzie on a 15-yard play to take a 7–0 lead with 3:07 remaining. Michigan moved the ball to the Washington State 37 before punting. Leaf marched the Cougars to the Michigan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10887458", "score": "1.1462284", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2013 Michigan State Spartans football team", "text": "appearance since 1988 where they defeated USC 20–17. Although Michigan State technically would have been able to get invited to the Rose Bowl even if they lost (as long as they were ranked within the top 14 in the BCS standings), the Spartans wanted to win the Big Ten outright. Needless to say, motivation and incentive for both teams were high. Ohio State would win the coin toss and defer possession until the second half. Several Ohio State Pass Interference penalties kept the Michigan State offense on the field on the opening drive, where the Spartans stalled at the Buckeye", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16027170", "score": "1.1405628", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "1997 Michigan Wolverines football team", "text": "Conference selections, and running back Anthony Thomas was named the Big Ten Freshman of the Year. Head coach Lloyd Carr won the Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award, the George Munger Award, and the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award. As the Big Ten champion, Michigan faced the Pac-10 champion Washington State Cougars in the 1998 Rose Bowl. The game matched the nation's best defense against the number two offense. Michigan's defense allowed an average of 206.9 yards per game through the regular season, while Washington State averaged 42.5 points and 502.1 yards a game. Washington State, which featured quarterback Ryan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9222081", "score": "1.139174", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "1965 Rose Bowl", "text": "Rose Bowl, in which the Bruins defeated Michigan State. 1965 Rose Bowl The 1965 Rose Bowl, played on January 1, 1965, was the 51st Rose Bowl Game. The Michigan Wolverines defeated the Oregon State Beavers by a score of 34–7. Michigan fullback Mel Anthony was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The Wolverines had finished seventh in the Big Ten Conference the previous year, and had placed no higher than a tie for fifth under coach Bump Elliott. Michigan had not been to the Rose Bowl since 1951, but in 1964, they ran up an 8–1 conference record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12715753", "score": "1.137672", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "1973 Rose Bowl", "text": "and so began the first of four Rose Bowl appearances for Archie Griffin. Ohio State had one loss at Michigan State, 19–12 on November 11. USC had demolished the Spartans 51–6 only five weeks earlier in a night game at the Coliseum. Against rival Michigan, the Rose Bowl was on the line for both teams; the Big Ten had rescinded its long-time \"no repeat\" rule, so Michigan was eligible to play in the Rose Bowl for a second straight year, and the unbeaten Wolverines were a slight favorite over the Buckeyes in Columbus. However, Ohio State used a defensive goal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11510733", "score": "1.1363356", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1976 Rose Bowl", "text": "Ohio State would finish 3rd, and UCLA Fifth. Woody Hayes would finish with a 4–4 record in the Rose Bowl, and would be denied by Bo Schembechler, Rick Leach, and the rest of the Michigan Wolverines from reaching the Rose Bowl and winning the Big Ten championship again. Dick Vermeil was able to move to the Philadelphia Eagles, whom he would lead to the Super Bowl in five years. This was the second time UCLA had defeated the #1 team in the Rose Bowl after having lost to that same team during the season. The other time was in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11250781", "score": "1.1347556", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1956 Rose Bowl", "text": "1956 Rose Bowl The 1956 Rose Bowl game, played on January 2, 1956, was the 42nd Rose Bowl game. The Michigan State Spartans defeated the UCLA Bruins, 17–14. Michigan State halfback Walt Kowalczyk was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The game was played on January 2, because New Year's Day was a Sunday. It featured two of the most racially integrated college football teams of the day with six African American players for the Bruins and seven for the Spartans. This stood in stark contrast to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, where there was controversy over whether Bobby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11699964", "score": "1.1345664", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "1964 Big Ten Conference football season", "text": "Rose Bowl. In its three prior appearances (1902, 1948, and 1951), Michigan was 3–0 and had outscored opponents 112–6. Michigan was selected as an 11-point favorite over Oregon State. After a scoreless first quarter, Oregon State took a 7–0 lead with a five-yard touchdown pass from Paul Brothers to Doug McDougal. Later in the second quarter, Michigan scored its first touchdown of the game on an 84-yard run by Mel Anthony. Anthony's run broke the Rose Bowl record for the longest run from scrimmage. Dick Sygar missed the extra point, and Oregon State led 7–6. On Michigan's next drive, Carl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19818988", "score": "1.132748", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "1947 Rose Bowl", "text": "of the nation. The first team to appear was Michigan in the 1902 Rose Bowl when they defeated Stanford 49-0. The Rose Bowl began to be hosted by the Pacific Coast Conference when it was revived in the 1916 Rose Bowl, and permanently with the 1920 Rose Bowl. Ohio State was the next Big Ten team to participate what they lost to California 28-0 in the 1921 Rose Bowl. The Big Ten did not participate in bowl games following that game. The University of Chicago discontinued its football program in 1939 and withdrew from the conference in 1946, leaving the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11474904", "score": "1.1318867", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Rex Kern", "text": "Michigan and Kern was third in balloting for the 1969 Heisman Trophy. He was also named a first-team All-American. Ohio State did not play in a bowl game, because prior to the 1975 season, the Big Ten and Pac-8 conferences allowed just one bowl team each, to the Rose Bowl. The super sophomores rebounded as seniors in 1970 to win the Big Ten title outright, gaining revenge against Michigan. The Buckeyes finished the regular season undefeated earning another trip to Pasadena. However, they were upset by the led by quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Heisman Trophy winner. Kern, a team captain,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8783166", "score": "1.1318077", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "1976 Rose Bowl", "text": "advance to Pasadena. With less than three minutes remaining, Michigan's freshman quarterback Rick Leach was intercepted by sophomore safety Ray Griffin, who returned it thirty yards down to the 3-yard line, and fullback Pete Johnson ran it in for the winning touchdown. Michigan was the Big Ten runner-up for a fourth straight year; in the previous three, they stayed home during bowl season because of conference rules. This year, #5 Michigan (8–1–2) was invited to the Orange Bowl to face #3 Oklahoma, the Big Eight champion. Ohio State was a heavy favorite to win the Rose Bowl, by two touchdowns", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11250774", "score": "1.1317335", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "1973 Rose Bowl", "text": "line stand in the first half and another in the second half to beat number 3 ranked Michigan, 14–11. The Buckeyes and Wolverines shared the Big Ten title, and the conference's athletic directors voted to give Ohio State the Rose Bowl bid. Because the Big Ten and the Pac-8 still did not permit teams to play in any postseason game except the Rose Bowl, the Wolverines didn't participate in any bowl games. The two conferences allowed multiple bowl teams starting with the 1975 season. At the half, the score was tied at seven. USC running back Sam Cunningham exploded for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11510734", "score": "1.1300743", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "1974 Rose Bowl", "text": "voted to send Ohio State to the Rose Bowl. Michigan head coach Bo Schembechler called it a gross injustice. USC was the defending national champion and began the season ranked first. But a 7–7 tie vs. Oklahoma and a 23–14 loss to Notre Dame dropped the Trojans to #9. They then needed a miracle comeback to beat Stanford getting a touchdown and field goal sandwiched around an onside kick in the last minute of the game. They went into the Rose Bowl decider as a slight underdog against #8 UCLA, but forced six turnovers and knocked off the Similar to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12543674", "score": "1.1285744", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "1974 Rose Bowl", "text": "nine opponents 361–33, including three straight shutouts of Northwestern, Illinois, and Michigan State. The Buckeyes and Wolverines then battled to a 10–10 tie, making it uncertain who would win the vote among Big Ten athletic directors to determine the league's Rose Bowl representative. Although the Big Ten had done away with its \"no repeat\" rule a year earlier, many projected that Michigan would win the vote since Ohio State had gone to Pasadena the prior year. But Michigan starting quarterback Dennis Franklin had broken his collarbone late in the Ohio State game; perhaps influenced by the injury, the athletic directors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12543673", "score": "1.1283698", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "1956 Rose Bowl", "text": "Michigan State put together an 11-play, 80-yard drive to pull even at 7. Walt Kowalczyk's 30-yard run to the UCLA 17 set up Morrall's 13-yard touchdown toss to Clarence Peaks. On the second play of the fourth quarter, the Spartans took their first lead at 14–7 on Peaks’ 67-yard touchdown pass to John Lewis, who caught the ball on the 50 and took it the distance. Five minutes later, The UCLA Bruin passing game produced a big play as UCLA quarterback Ronnie Knox connected with Jim Decker with a 47-yard pass play to the Spartan 7-yard line. Three plays later,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11699969", "score": "1.1279894", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1973 Michigan Wolverines football team", "text": "Both teams were undefeated, with the winner to play the Rose Bowl. When the game ended in a tie, the Big Ten Conference athletic directors voted to send Ohio State to the Rose Bowl. Michigan athletic officials and fans were outraged, with even the Vice President of the United States speaking out against the decision. On offense, the team was led by quarterback Dennis Franklin who completed 36 of 67 passes for 534 yards and rushed 101 times for 425 yards. Four Michigan running backs, Ed Shuttlesworth, Chuck Heater, Gil Chapman, and Gordon Bell, combined for 2,417 rushing yards. Shuttlesworth,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13852257", "score": "1.1272957", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Michigan State Spartans football", "text": "moving them to #1 in both polls. The Irish did not accept bowl bids until 1969, and Michigan State was the victim of a pair of Big Ten rules that would be rescinded a few years later: The same school could not represent the league in the Rose Bowl in back-to-back seasons, and only the league Champions could accept a bowl bid, unless they refused the Rose Bowl bid or, because it was on probation, were prohibited from accepting the bid, which, in either case, would then go to the second-place team. So despite being Big Ten Champions and undefeated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8381461", "score": "1.1267015", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "2014 Rose Bowl", "long_answer": "The 2014 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2014 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 100th Rose Bowl Game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Michigan State Spartans against Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal (the defending Rose Bowl champions), a rematch of the 1996 Sun Bowl. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The first game in the final edition of the Bowl Championship Series, it was sponsored by the Vizio consumer electronics company, and officially titled the Rose Bowl Game presented by Vizio.", "chunked_long_answer": "The 2014 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2014 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. This 100th Rose Bowl Game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Michigan State Spartans against Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal (the defending Rose Bowl champions), a rematch of the 1996 Sun Bowl. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The first game in the final edition of the Bowl Championship Series, it was sponsored by the Vizio consumer electronics company, and officially titled the Rose Bowl Game presented", "short_answers": [ "Stanford Cardinal" ] }

[ "1984" ]

[ { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "text": "The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad television with Laird. Using money from a tax refund, together with a loan from Eastman’s uncle, the young artists self-published a single-issue comic intended to parody four of the most popular comics of the early 1980s: Marvel Comics’ Daredevil and New Mutants, Dave Sim’s Cerebus, and Frank Miller’s Ronin. The TMNT comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "Ploszek, Alan Ritchson, Noel Fisher, Jeremy Howard, Tony Shalhoub, Gary Anthony Williams, Sheamus and Brad Garrett. Principal photography on the film began on April 27, 2015, in New York City. It was released on June 3, 2016, in 3D, RealD 3D, 4DX and in IMAX 3D. It received mixed reviews from critics, being considered by many an improvement over its predecessor, but was not as successful, grossing $245 million against a $135 million budget. Two years after their battle with Shredder and Eric Sacks, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Leonardo, Donatello, Raphael, and Michelangelo, still live beneath the sewers of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234133", "score": "0.9798616", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "an expected release date sometime in 2012. In late May 2010, it was announced that Paramount and Nickelodeon had brought Michael Bay and his Platinum Dunes partners Bradley Fuller and Andrew Form on to produce the next film that will reboot the film series. Bay, Fuller, and Form would produce alongside Walker and Mednick. For the script, the studio originally hired Art Marcum and Matt Holloway to write the film for close to a million dollars. According to TMNT co-creator Kevin Eastman, the John Fusco version was a little too edgy for what Paramount wanted. A year later, the studio", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398641", "score": "0.97345626", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "us? It's something to actively avoid.\" On August 16, 2014, Noel Fisher stated in an interview that he and the other Turtle actors have signed on for three more films. Megan Fox has also signed on for three films. On May 20, 2016, Tyler Perry said that if a third film is to be made, his character, Baxter Stockman, would probably mutate into his fly form during the movie. Pete Ploszek has also expressed his interests in reprising his role in a third film as Leonardo. On October 29, 2016, producer Andrew Form indicated that no plans were underway for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234164", "score": "0.97013736", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figures", "text": "story in the ad. During post movie success, many commercials relied on live-action, animatronic Ninja Turtles similar to those seen in the \"Coming Out of their Shells\" Tour. Prime examples of these include 1992 spots for the Bubble Bomber vehicle featuring Raphael in military fatigues and \"Bodacious Birthday\" figures where a surprise party was thrown in the Turtles' sewer lair. By 1996, the cartoon series that lasted nearly a decade had come to an end. The following year, a new live-action series premiered entitled \"\". The series was somewhat short-lived but managed to make for an extensive action figure line.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8513952", "score": "0.9666091", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "Austria on August 11 as well as Japan on August 26, 2016. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 37% based on 161 reviews, with a rating average of 4.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows\" is a slight improvement over its predecessor, but still lacks the wit or anarchic energy of the comics that birthed the franchise.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 40 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234160", "score": "0.96617055", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "Production Weekly revealed the film would start filming in April 2013 in New York. The following month, the studio pushed back the film's release date until June 6, 2014, and a new writer, Evan Daugherty, was brought on board. On August 15, 2013, Paramount postponed the release date to August 8, 2014, in order to avoid competition with family-friendly films released in June 2014 as well as one of Paramount and Michael Bay's other releases, \"\". In mid-February 2013, actress Megan Fox was reported to be cast as April O'Neil, marking her first collaboration with Bay since her remark comparing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398652", "score": "0.96394086", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)", "text": "a live-action and CGI hybrid film, with the Turtles rendered in CGI and Sarah Michelle Gellar and Chris Evans reprising their \"TMNT\" roles in live-action. In late April 2009, it was announced a new live-action film would be in the works for a 2011 release. Mirage Studios was partnering with producers Scott Mednick and Galen Walker, with Peter Laird, Gary Richardson, Frederick Fierst, Eric Crown would serve as executive producers, and 4Kids Entertainment would handle the film's merchandising, with Lightbox Productions, LLC. funding the project. The film would have used animatronic suits whose facial expressions would be digitally enhanced in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12589509", "score": "0.9629408", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "and a new trailer from the film. New footage of the film was also shown during that week at WonderCon. On April 1, 2016, another Bebop and Rocksteady poster was released. On April 8, 2016, another teaser trailer was released. Another trailer with brand new footage debuted on April 11, 2016, along with a new poster. Two new TV spots were released on April 18, 2016. The next day, another TV spot was released. Two days later, another TV spot debuted. On May 3, 2016, another trailer debuted. From May 12–16, 2016, six new TV spots debuted. On May 19,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234152", "score": "0.9617325", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)", "text": "2012, minus the fourth film \"TMNT\". Warner Home Video released the film separately on Blu-ray on December 18, 2012. Following the huge success of \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" at the box office, several sequels were created. A year later, \"\" was released in theaters, and was a commercial success. In 1993, \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\" was released in theaters, to a smaller box office take. After a 14-year absence from theaters, a fourth film, \"TMNT\", was released in 2007, though unlike the first three, this was a CGI animated film. Seven years later, a reboot, also with the title", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651090", "score": "0.96029365", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "Paramount Pictures’ CinemaCon panel on April 22, 2015. A 14-second teaser of the trailer was released by Stephen Amell on December 9, 2015. The full trailer debuted the following day. On January 5, 2016, a toy catalog for the film was leaked online. The toys debuted at the 2016 Toy Fair in February. A 30-second TV spot premiered at the 2016 Super Bowl 50 on February 7, 2016. A 7-second sneak preview of the TV spot was released three days prior. On February 12, 2016, a second TV spot was released. On February 17, 2016, Paramount released four character posters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234150", "score": "0.9586457", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)", "text": "by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies, released on August 8, 2014. The was released on June 3, 2016. The first film, \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", closely follows the storyline from the Mirage comic books, in addition to some of the more lighthearted elements of the cartoons. The film tells the origin story of Splinter and the Turtles, their initial encounters with April O'Neil (Judith Hoag) and Casey Jones (Elias Koteas), and their first confrontation with The Shredder and his Foot Clan. Directed by Steve Barron and released by New Line Cinema, the film showcases the innovative puppetry techniques of Jim", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12589501", "score": "0.9585757", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)", "text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a film series based on the comic book characters of the same name created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. The first film in the series, titled \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", was released in 1990 at the height of the franchise's popularity and was a commercial success. The success of the film garnered two direct sequels, respectively released in and 1993, and a CGI animated film in 2007 billed as \"TMNT\" building on the success of the 2003–09 TV series. The series was rebooted in a new film made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12589500", "score": "0.95717144", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)", "text": "Good for the young at heart, irritating for everyone else.\" It is the highest rated of the series. On Metacritic it has a score of 51 based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". The film opened in North America on March 30, 1990, coming in at #1 at the box office over the weekend, with more than $25 million. The film turned out to be a huge success at the box office, eventually making over $135 million in North America, and over $66 million outside North America, for a worldwide total of over $200 million, making", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651087", "score": "0.9561429", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series) (season 7)", "text": "TMNT movie. Its description was as follows: The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are back in New York, ready to race across the rooftops and take on all challengers! Not only are Casey and April back and ready to bust some bad guy butt, but a brand new, super advanced Turtle Lair is under construction (thanks to some hi-tech know-how Donatello garnered from the future), and of course there are all sorts of new heavy duty Turtle vehicles gearing up to roar down the streets of NYC and give the Foot a taste of some serious Turtle. The stakes have never", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11655362", "score": "0.95408857", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "text": "Nickelodeon announced a new 2D animated series based on the franchise, which debuted on September 17, 2018. The Turtles have appeared in six feature films. The first three are live-action features produced in the early 1990s: \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (1990), \"\" (1991), and \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\" (1993). The Turtles were played by various actors in costumes featuring animatronic heads, initially produced by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The fourth film is a CGI-animated film titled simply \"TMNT\" and released in 2007. A reboot, titled \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" produced by Platinum Dunes, Nickelodeon Movies, and Paramount Pictures, directed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "544162", "score": "0.9490051", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "featuring the four turtles. On February 25, 2016, Megan Fox and Stephen Amell announced a sweepstakes for the film. On March 2, 2016, Paramount released four more ninja turtle posters. Will Arnett debuted the first official clip from the film at the 2016 Kids' Choice Awards, on March 12, 2016. That same evening, the awards show and Brian Tee gave fans the first look at Shredder in full armor. On March 24, 2016, it was announced that the toys from the film will be released in stores in April. The following day, Paramount released two more Bebop and Rocksteady posters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234151", "score": "0.94735336", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "Pizza Hut announced a new advertising campaign for the film, which included the return of the chain’s Cheesy Bites Pizza, social media contests themed around the film, and a television advertisement featuring the new movie incarnations of the characters. On July 10, 2014, four motion posters of the turtles were released and new TV spot debuted that day as well. Another new TV spot was released on July 15, 2014. An extended behind-the-scenes featurette was shown after the 2014 Kids' Choice Sports Awards. On July 21, 2014, a single titled \"Shell Shocked\" by Juicy J, Wiz Khalifa, and Ty Dolla", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398662", "score": "0.9451249", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures", "text": "comic version of the 2012 CGI series' Turtles. Author Matthew K. Manning (\"Beware the Batman\") and artist Jon Sommariva (\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Amazing Adventures\") were named as participants in the project. The concept was first introduced at the San Diego Comic Con in late July 2016, and was released in six issues starting November 9, 2016. When villains start to mysteriously escape Arkham, Batman seeks to track them down. What happens when he discovers that they have left Gotham completely... and entered the TMNT’s New York City? One day, several inmates of Arkham Asylum have mysteriously gone missing from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19834738", "score": "0.9436023", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "turned to writers Josh Appelbaum and André Nemec to rewrite the script. In February 2012, Jonathan Liebesman began negotiations to direct the film, beating out Brett Ratner. Later in March, it was announced that Paramount had pushed back the film's release date to Christmas Day 2013. In early March 2012, Bay revealed at Nickelodeon's 2012 upfront presentation that the film will be simply titled \"Ninja Turtles\" and that the turtles would be \"from an alien race\". News of Bay's creative change was met with criticism from within the fan community. In response to the announcement, actor Robbie Rist, who voiced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398642", "score": "0.94304776", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)", "text": "\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", was released in 2014, and a sequel titled \"\" was released in theaters on June 3, 2016. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a 1990 American martial arts superhero comedy film directed by Steve Barron. Based on the fictional superhero team of the same name, the story follows Splinter and the turtles, their meeting April O'Neil and Casey Jones, and their confrontation with Shredder and his Foot Clan. It stars Judith Hoag, Elias Koteas, and the voices of Brian Tochi, Robbie Rist, Corey Feldman, and Josh Pais. The film is an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651091", "score": "0.9424137", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "$ign featuring Kill the Noise and Madsonik was released, as it is part of the movie's soundtrack. An extended TV spot debuted the following day. Paramount promoted the film on July 24, 2014, at San Diego Comic-Con International. Five new TV spots were released that day as well. The music video for the song, \"Shell Shocked\" debuted on July 28, 2014. On August 1, 2014, Paramount debuted eleven new TV spots for the film. On August 4, 2014, Pentatonix released a new song titled \"We Are Ninjas\" and a music video as part of the promotion for the film. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398663", "score": "0.94154537", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "a series of keywords.\" Mark Olsen of the \"Los Angeles Times\" said \"There is something half-hearted about the entire film, as if those behind it were involved not because they wanted to make it, not because they should make it, but just because they could.\" Kyle Anderson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a C+, saying \"Too-brief thrills only shine a harsher light on the film's laborious pacing and cringeworthy one-liners spilling from the maws of the ninja teens.\" Nancy Churnin of \"The Dallas Morning News\" gave the film a B, writing \"The turtles (engagingly voiced by Alan Ritchson, Noel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398670", "score": "0.9410473", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "in Midtown Manhattan and moved out to Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. Filming in Buffalo began on May 4, 2015, along the Kensington Expressway and ended May 17, 2015. Filming wrapped up in August 2015. Additional filming occurred in New York City on January 30, and ended on February 1. Farelly and Williams recorded additional dialogue for the film in February 2016. The film premiered in New York City on May 22, 2016, and was released in the United Kingdom on May 30, 2016, and the United States on June 3, 2016. Concept art of Bebop and Rocksteady was shown at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234149", "score": "0.94058037", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (video game)", "text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (video game) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows is a 2013 hack and slash video game developed by Red Fly Studio and published by Activision based on the Mirage Studios characters of the same name. The game was released on August 28, 2013 for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. The game features a four-player online mode and offline two-player co-op. The PlayStation 3 version was delayed, to polish the game more before release and to address issues from the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows versions of the game. On April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17179374", "score": "0.94057864", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows", "text": "2016, Paramount debuted two additional TV spots. The final full trailer for the film was released the following day. Paramount released a trailer, which focused primarily on Bebop and Rocksteady, on May 26, 2016, which also aired during the May 30th episode of \"WWE Raw\" since Sheamus was in the film as Rocksteady. Four new TV spots then debuted from May 28–30, 2016. \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows\" was released on Digital HD on September 6, 2016, and on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on September 20, 2016. The film debuted in first place", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18234153", "score": "0.93964195", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "film was released in IMAX 3D for a one-week limited engagement. A teaser trailer for the film was shown at Cinema Con on March 24, 2014, before its public release on March 27. The trailer reached over 31.4 million views on YouTube in its first week. On April 13, 2014, the first TV spot for the movie was released. A second version of the teaser trailer was released on April 30, 2014. Footage of the film was shown at CineEurope with an introduction from Megan Fox. On June 18, 2014, Playmates Toys announced they have a new product line of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398660", "score": "0.9378862", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "text": "the next few years. The latest issue of TMNT volume 4 was issue #32 which came out in print May 4, 2014, and online on May 9, 2014, almost 4 years after issue #31 was last released. \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures\" was a comic-book series published from August 1988 to October 1995 by Archie Comics. The initial storylines were close adaptations of the 1987 TV series, but with the fifth issue, Eastman and Laird decided to hand the series over to Mirage Studios employees Ryan Brown and Stephen Murphy, who immediately abandoned the animated series adaptations and took the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "544147", "score": "0.936074", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)", "text": "York Post\" gave the film one out of four stars, saying \"The comedy-action mash-up is as weird as if the Dark Knight took a break from belting the Joker to plug Pizza Hut and bang out a hiphop beat on his nunchucks.\" Sandie Angulo Chen of the \"Washington Post\" gave the film two out of four stars, saying \"While this reboot is fun, it's also forgettable and occasionally infuriating.\" Joe Neumaier of the \"New York Daily News\" gave the film zero stars, saying \"Even youngsters may wonder why any hint of charm or fun has scurried away. Those new to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16398668", "score": "0.93464744", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)", "text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a 1990 American martial arts superhero comedy film directed by Steve Barron. Based on the fictional superhero team of the same name, the story follows Splinter and the turtles, their meeting April O'Neil and Casey Jones, and their confrontation with Shredder and his Foot Clan. It stars Judith Hoag, Elias Koteas, and the voices of Brian Tochi, Robbie Rist, Corey Feldman, and Josh Pais. The film is an adaptation of the early \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" comics, with several elements taken from the animated TV series airing at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5651068", "score": "0.93447113", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "long_answer": "The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad television with Laird. Using money from a tax refund, together with a loan from Eastman’s uncle, the young artists self-published a single-issue comic intended to parody four of the most popular comics of the early 1980s: Marvel Comics’ Daredevil and New Mutants, Dave Sim’s Cerebus, and Frank Miller’s Ronin. The TMNT comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad television with Laird. Using money from a tax refund, together with a loan from Eastman’s uncle, the young artists self-published a single-issue comic intended to parody four of the most popular comics of the early 1980s: Marvel Comics’ Daredevil and New Mutants, Dave Sim’s Cerebus, and Frank Miller’s Ronin. The TMNT comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984.", "short_answers": [ "1984" ] }

[ "In the season seven premiere", "the season seven premiere" ]

[ { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "In the season seven premiere, Morgan captures Doyle and Emily returns to the BAU to assist the team in finding who kidnapped Doyle's son. The team comes under fire from the judiciary panel for their retaliatory actions to avenge Prentiss's death, but everyone stands their ground to protect the team. Section Chief Erin Strauss later reveals to them that the committee was persuaded by Prentiss' defense and eventually decided to lift the BAU's suspensions although they will still be \"keeping a close eye\" on the members. Reid, who is still angry over her 'death' refuses to speak to her or", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "David Rossi", "text": "in the face by an unsub pretending to be a victim of human trafficking; however, Morgan's quick reaction saves his life. Later he meets JJ in his office after solving the case. She meets him to let him know that she is returning to the team. In season seven, Rossi is just as surprised as the others to learn that Prentiss is alive. However, in \"Proof\", he mentions to Hotch that he had an inkling that Prentiss wasn't dead. As he has no children from his previous marriage, Rossi has adopted the BAU team as his own family and invites", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965615", "score": "1.2688031", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Derek Morgan (Criminal Minds)", "text": "the hospital, J.J. tells the team that Prentiss, \"never made it off the table\", and everyone dropped their heads in sadness. Everyone, except Hotch and J.J. think Prentiss is dead as they attend her funeral, unaware that she is alive and went into hiding from Doyle once again and that she is living in France, specifically Paris. In season seven, Morgan's summer investigation leads him to be the first to discover that Prentiss is alive. When she returns to the BAU they share an emotional moment and a hug. Later, Morgan tells her he was never upset nor does he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9092407", "score": "1.248125", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "and Prentiss then go after Hastings after he manages to escape to the roof. JJ and Prentiss catch up with him fight him but during the fight, Hastings falls off the roof, killing him. The team then reunite with JJ while Cruz is sent to the hospital to have his stab wound and other injuries treated. The team, along with Prentiss and Will, gather at a bar to celebrate and also to say farewell to Prentiss before she heads back to London. On September 30, 2013, it was announced that former cast member Paget Brewster would return for the 200th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908800", "score": "1.2201613", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "alive, and that she staged photos of executing the boy in order to get Doyle to break under interrogation in North Korea. After an intense fight, Doyle manages to stab Prentiss in the abdomen with a broken table leg. Even though she is dying, she refuses to tell him where his son is hiding, and Doyle escapes shortly before Morgan reaches her. In the hospital, the BAU team is notified that Prentiss has died. They are seen attending her funeral. The last scene, however, reveals she is alive and in Paris, where JJ meets her and gives her an envelope", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965747", "score": "1.1809756", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "screen, with the code word “Blackbird”. Prentiss then arrives to the BAU and tells them that \"Blackbird\" is JJ. Garcia and Kevin are then apprehended for hacking into the system, but not before relaying the information on the location of their missing friend and co-worker. Prentiss then joins the team to help rescue JJ, who has been tortured through such forms as waterboarding, electrocution and attempted rape. The team splits up and takes out Hastings team. Meanwhile, Prentiss and Hotch search for JJ and end up finding her just in time and kill Askari before he could kill JJ. JJ", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908799", "score": "1.1770381", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Penelope Garcia", "text": "by the look on JJ's face. In \"Hanley Waters\", she is interviewed by Hotch about Prentiss' \"apparent death\" and says she wants to talk about the times when Prentiss made her happy instead of about her being gone. Garcia is extremely and emotionally excited when she learns that Prentiss is alive and shocked when she returns. She's also quick to forgive her, JJ, and Hotch for the deception. It is also revealed that she has been taking care of Emily's cat, Sergio, and when Emily inquires about him, Garcia promptly demands visitation rights. Garcia is afraid of losing a partner,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965677", "score": "1.1740915", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "Korean prison. Prentiss tracks down Doyle in Boston and tries to kill him, but he takes her hostage. Later, Rossi realized that she left their team meeting suddenly in order to protect them from Doyle as it was Prentiss that Doyle was after. Hotch says they will treat Doyle as an unsub and Prentiss as his victim, and profile them just as they would in any other case. They eventually track them down to an abandoned building in Boston and arrive with a SWAT team. Prentiss reveals to Doyle that his son, whom Doyle believed had been killed, is actually", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965746", "score": "1.1700835", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "the only two female agents in the BAU in the field for several seasons. When Prentiss has to fake her death for the team's safety, JJ is the only one (aside from Hotchner) who knows the truth. JJ also flies to Paris and is involved in getting fake passports and setting up bank accounts for Prentiss to stay incognito. JJ expresses the most happiness when Prentiss came back from the dead and tells Prentiss how much she has missed her while she was gone. Prentiss later mentions to Hotchner that while she was away from the BAU and work, she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965738", "score": "1.1463125", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Penelope Garcia", "text": "episode \"Compromising Positions\", Garcia volunteered to replace JJ as their new Media Liaison, but soon discovered that she was not suited for the job. She returned to her analyst duties after the case was closed, but was given the option to travel to crime scenes with the team as needed. She was also emotional in the episode \"Lauren\" when Prentiss is stabbed by her nemesis, Ian Doyle. JJ joins the team waiting in the hospital lounge for results to inform them that Prentiss \"never made it off the table\". We see that Garcia can tell the news is not good", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965676", "score": "1.1257981", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "on the members. Reid, who is still angry over her 'death' refuses to speak to her or JJ or even look them in the eye. At the end of \"Proof\", Prentiss talks it through with him and they make amends. In the premiere it is also revealed that Garcia has been taking care of her cat, Sergio, and when she inquires about him, Garcia jokingly states that she wants visitation rights. In the season seven finale, Prentiss receives an offer to run Interpol's London office. While still pondering her decision on the offer, Prentiss decides to leave the BAU. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965749", "score": "1.1165783", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Spencer Reid", "text": "wrong with him. He tells Prentiss that he has not told any of the team members because he is afraid that they will \"make him feel like a baby.\" In \"Lauren\", it is Reid and Garcia who react most strongly to the news of Emily's death. Reid's reaction is to run out of the room, and he ends up sobbing into JJ's shoulder telling her that he \"never got a chance to say goodbye.\" In season seven, when Emily returns and Reid discovers Hotch and JJ faked her death, he is upset, especially with JJ. He tells her he feels", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7846707", "score": "1.1163872", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sam Cooper", "text": "that he took her and Cooper promises that he will find her and goes into a chopper and finds the killer and the daughter. When the killer was surrounded, he tells the pilot not to \"blind his agents\" as they are negotiating him to let the daughter go. When it appeared that the killer jumped off, Prentiss checks to see if he died. But the killer was still alive and was about to kill Prentiss, then shots came from Rawson, who is a sniper. Cooper then smiles, now that he knows that Prentiss is safe and that Rawson saved her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15551988", "score": "1.1152407", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "trust her more. Before leaving to be with the BAU on a case despite his suspension from the field, Hotchner stops by Prentiss's apartment to convince her to get on the plane with him to help their team catch the UNSUB. In \"52 Pickup\", Hotchner is seen asking Prentiss for advice on how to deal with JJ's temporary substitute, Agent Jordan Todd, and acts on her suggestions, even giving Agent Todd another chance to prove herself. For the most part, Prentiss has also developed friendly relationships with the other members of the BAU team. Prentiss immediately bonds with Agent Derek", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965735", "score": "1.1152151", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "is all right and that is not his fault. Prentiss is also the only one Reid tells about his recurring headaches. Reid is one of the most affected by Prentiss's death, sobbing on JJ's shoulder because he never got to say goodbye, and even thought about giving up since he felt the BAU had failed at protecting a member of their team. Later, when Prentiss comes back, Reid feels betrayed by Prentiss for not telling him the truth, but Prentiss confronts him and they eventually reconcile. Prentiss is often seen hanging out with Jareau and Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia outside", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965741", "score": "1.1020572", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "David Rossi", "text": "also attempted to return the charm bracelet to the children, but they requested that he keep it. Although he had identified the need to solve this case as his reason for returning to the BAU, Rossi remained with the team after it was solved. In \"Hanley Waters\", as he is being interviewed about Prentiss' \"apparent death\" by Hotch instead of Strauss, he reveals that he feels more married to his job than to his three ex-wives. He even proposes a toast with Hotch, to commemorate Prentiss and Hotch's deceased wife Haley. In the season six finale, he is almost shot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965614", "score": "1.0587136", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "of narcotics to cope with his recent trauma). However, the agents eventually gain a mutual respect and even share light-hearted moments. Prentiss sometimes joins in with Morgan in good-natured teasing of Reid's genius. She also amazes Reid when she beats him at poker even though he is from Las Vegas and never loses. Another turning point in their relationship is when Prentiss and Reid are held captive by a cult group and Prentiss admits she is the FBI agent, causing her to suffer a beating from the cult leader. As a result, Reid feels guilty, but Prentiss reassures him everything", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965740", "score": "1.0571139", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jennifer Jareau", "text": "the true enemy to be Michael Hastings, a man she worked with on the task force. He threatened to rape JJ in order to get Cruz to give up his access code. She is rescued by Hotch and Prentiss, and she proceeds to chase after Hastings. Prentiss accompanies her and they both take on Hastings, resulting in Hastings falling off a roof to his death. JJ is left traumatized by the situation and promises to stop the lies and give only the truth. A year after her kidnapping and torture, she starts experiencing PTSD, something that Reid notices. When she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9092450", "score": "1.0540222", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "example, volunteering to enter into the unsub's house to rescue his young boy, and sacrifice herself for her teammates, as she did for Spencer Reid once in the season 4 episode, \"Minimal Loss\". She does not act rashly and there was only one rare occasion where she allowed her personal feelings interfere with investigations. It has been mentioned by Morgan that she has problems trusting others, preferring to handle things independently instead of asking others to help, but it was revealed that this reluctance is due to her long background as an undercover agent. In the sixth season, Agent Prentiss", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965743", "score": "1.0508652", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "of work. Garcia looks up to Prentiss and never fails to vocalize her admiration, whether it is for Prentiss's fluency in Arabic, wit or the fact she took up salsa dancing classes. Garcia also notes that after four years with the team, Prentiss is a part of the “BAU family;” they hold a close friendship. Prentiss is shown to be an extremely competent, level-headed agent. She is not as affected by the nightmares that come with the job and manages to keep her cool in hostile confrontations. She is also shown to put herself in the line of fire, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965742", "score": "1.0504926", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "Morgan due to their mutual love of Kurt Vonnegut books and they develop a close relationship. Their strong bond is most evident in the episodes leading up to and after Prentiss's death. Morgan is able to detect that Prentiss is worried about something and tries to get her to tell him what is bothering her. He also feels betrayed when Prentiss does not reveal the extent of her involvement with Doyle and the case and assumes she does not trust him enough. Rossi later tries to reason with him that Prentiss is merely trying to protect the BAU team. Morgan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965736", "score": "1.0470446", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Alex Blake (Criminal Minds)", "text": "or even gave them a phone call because she felt that by doing so, she would be reminded of their late mother and brother. The two then make amends as they have a barbecue with Damon and the entire BAU team. In the episode \"200\", she assisted the rest of the team in finding JJ and FBI Section Chief Director Mateo Cruz when both go missing. During the search, the BAU resorts to the help of Prentiss, whom Blake replaced, and the two of them met for the first time. At the end of the episode, Blake expresses her happiness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18045366", "score": "1.0446035", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "the season eight premiere, Morgan and Garcia mention seeing her while they were in London and that Emily is doing fine. Brewster returned for guest appearances in the season 9 episode \"200\" in 2014 and the season 11 episode \"Tribute\" in early 2016 before returning as a regular cast member in the season 12 episode \"Taboo\" later in the year. She is now the Unit Chief of the BAU, following the departure of Aaron Hotchner. Emily Prentiss Emily Prentiss is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama \"Criminal Minds\", portrayed by Paget Brewster. Prentiss first appeared in \"The Last", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965750", "score": "1.0349623", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Spencer Reid", "text": "and trusts her enough to back him up and not shoot at Owen as he tries talking Owen down. Although not shown, it is implied Reid and Prentiss spend time together outside of work heavily, along with riding the train home together when they return from cases. Prentiss is the only one who has beat Reid at poker, even correcting his statistic about her particular poker move. Reid and Prentiss are held hostage by a cult led by Benjamin Cyrus (portrayed by Luke Perry). Though he is not injured, Reid struggles with guilt over \"allowing\" Prentiss's beating at the hands", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7846704", "score": "1.0318098", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Derek Morgan (Criminal Minds)", "text": "friendship with Agent Emily Prentiss. As she joined the team in season 2, they immediately bonded due to their mutual love of Kurt Vonnegut books. Morgan is protective of Prentiss, but their relationship is never shown beyond outside of the bureau. In the episode 6x17 \"Valhalla\", Morgan tells Prentiss that she can \"trust him\", and that he is there for her no matter what. In Prentiss's final episode as a series regular, 6x18 \"Lauren\", she disappears after walking out of the BAU to go and confront her nemesis, Ian Doyle. At the end of the episode after being stabbed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9092405", "score": "1.0300722", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Matt Simmons (Criminal Minds)", "text": "and Emily Prentiss was kidnapped by notorious serial killer Peter Lewis (\"Mr. Scratch\"). When asked what he was doing at the BAU headquarters, he vaguely mentioned that he was awaiting a new assignment as the IRT had been dissolved as a result of events in the \"Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders\" episode \"\" – in which the IRT was targeted by Assistant Director Linda Barnes, who herself would have the BAU shut down temporarily – and is offered a position on the BAU team by Prentiss by the end of the episode. As he and JJ are the only two members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19634713", "score": "1.0104502", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "episode and reprise her role as Emily Prentiss. On January 21, 2014, it was announced that \"Battlestar Galactica\" star Tahmoh Penikett had been cast in a key role as Michael Hastings. Speaking about the 200th episode, A.J. Cook revealed that the episode will delve in to JJ's time away from the BAU during Season 6 \"We're going to use the serendipitous gift of Season 6 to explain with flashbacks what happened when she was working for the Pentagon and why she came back as a much tougher character. I've never had a chance to flex my acting muscles like this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908801", "score": "1.0104467", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Emily Prentiss", "text": "Emily Prentiss Emily Prentiss is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama \"Criminal Minds\", portrayed by Paget Brewster. Prentiss first appeared in \"The Last Word\" (episode nine of season two), replacing Agent Elle Greenaway, who had quit in \"The Boogeyman\". Her role in the show's sixth season was reduced, for what Brewster believed to be financial reasons. Brewster returned to her role for the show's seventh season. Her final episode as a main cast member was the May 16, 2012 episode \"Run\". Brewster reprised the role again in 2014 for the 200th episode. She returned as Prentiss following the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13965729", "score": "1.0088971", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Roswell (TV series)", "text": "company has been going through the trash to obtain Michael's DNA. When the owners find out he is an alien, they kill one of Michael's co-workers \"Munk\" to see if Michael is \"the healer\". But of course Max is the healer, not Michael, so he is powerless to save his dying colleague. Michael and Former Sheriff Valenti find a room with all of Michael's things and realize what the company has discovered; Valenti, however, is captured. Michael enlists the help of Max and Isabel in order to rescue Valenti. During the escape attempt Valenti is shot near the heart from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3553077", "score": "1.0015678", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Aaron Hotchner", "text": "Rossi, Morgan, Reid, and Garcia are all shocked. Later, in \"Proof\", Hotch witnesses Reid's hostile behavior towards JJ and tells him to take his anger out on him and not JJ. Reid only replies that it wasn't to Hotch whom he spent ten weeks crying over Prentiss, it was JJ, and she never said a word. In addition to being a BAU Special Agent and also the BAU Unit Chief, Hotch has been promoted to Section Chief because Erin Strauss, the former Section Chief, resigned in the episode \"Self-Fulfilling Prophecy\" because she had been drinking on the job. This was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9093655", "score": "1.0006672", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Emily Prentiss", "long_answer": "In the season seven premiere, Morgan captures Doyle and Emily returns to the BAU to assist the team in finding who kidnapped Doyle's son. The team comes under fire from the judiciary panel for their retaliatory actions to avenge Prentiss's death, but everyone stands their ground to protect the team. Section Chief Erin Strauss later reveals to them that the committee was persuaded by Prentiss' defense and eventually decided to lift the BAU's suspensions although they will still be \"keeping a close eye\" on the members. Reid, who is still angry over her 'death' refuses to speak to her or JJ or even look them in the eye. At the end of \"Proof\", Prentiss talks it through with him and they make amends. In the premiere it is also revealed that Garcia has been taking care of her cat, Sergio, and when she inquires about him, Garcia jokingly states that she wants visitation rights.", "chunked_long_answer": "In the season seven premiere, Morgan captures Doyle and Emily returns to the BAU to assist the team in finding who kidnapped Doyle's son. The team comes under fire from the judiciary panel for their retaliatory actions to avenge Prentiss's death, but everyone stands their ground to protect the team. Section Chief Erin Strauss later reveals to them that the committee was persuaded by Prentiss' defense and eventually decided to lift the BAU's suspensions although they will still be \"keeping a close eye\" on the members. Reid, who is still angry over her 'death' refuses to speak to her or", "short_answers": [ "In the season seven premiere", "the season seven premiere" ] }

[ "uninhabited" ]

[ { "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "text": "Despite the immediate area of Jamestown being uninhabited, the settlers were attacked less than two weeks after their arrival on May 14, by Paspahegh Indians who succeeded in killing one of the settlers and wounding eleven more. Within a month, James Fort covered an acre on Jamestown Island. By June 15, the settlers finished building the triangular James Fort. The wooden palisaded walls formed a triangle around a storehouse, church, and a number of houses. A week later, Newport sailed back for London on Susan Constant with a load of pyrite (\"fools’ gold\") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving behind", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "John Casor", "text": "an Angolan colonist, one of the original indentured \"20 and odd negroes\" brought to Jamestown after arriving at Cape Comfort in August 1619. By 1623, Johnson had completed his indenture and was a \"free Negro\". During the late 1640s, Johnson moved with his family to Northampton County on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. He acquired property on Pungoteague Creek and began raising livestock. He was the first known African landowner in the colony. By July 1651, he had expanded his holdings, which he referred to in a court record as \"myne owne ground,\" to , then a considerable tract by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9472062", "score": "1.1169307", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Elanor Allerton", "text": "Elanor Allerton Elanor Allerton (born March 30, 1639) was a notable colonist who became a victim of the Indian attacks around the original Jamestown settlement in the time leading up to Bacon's Rebellion. She became an important figure in history when her diary was discovered during the excavation of Jamestown. Elanor was born in Whitby, England out of wedlock to John Allerton and Margaret Smith in 1639. John Allerton fled Holland in 1635 due to an outbreak of the Bubonic Plague. When he reached England, he entered into a brief affair with Margaret Smith and began to restart his shipbuilding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15253132", "score": "1.1011014", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "text": "were residing at Passapatanzy, a village of the Patawomecks, a Powhatan Confederacy tribe which did some trading with Powhatans. They lived in present-day Stafford County on the Potomac River near Fredericksburg, about from Werowocomoco. She was abducted by Englishmen whose leader was Samuel Argall, and transported about south to the English settlement at Henricus on the James River. There, Pocahontas converted to Christianity and took the name \"Rebecca\" under the tutelage of Reverend Alexander Whitaker who had arrived in Jamestown in 1611. She married prominent planter John Rolfe, who had lost his first wife and child in the journey from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13257839", "score": "1.1009154", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Elanor Allerton", "text": "colonist that felt unsafe from Indian attacks. Elanor Allerton Elanor Allerton (born March 30, 1639) was a notable colonist who became a victim of the Indian attacks around the original Jamestown settlement in the time leading up to Bacon's Rebellion. She became an important figure in history when her diary was discovered during the excavation of Jamestown. Elanor was born in Whitby, England out of wedlock to John Allerton and Margaret Smith in 1639. John Allerton fled Holland in 1635 due to an outbreak of the Bubonic Plague. When he reached England, he entered into a brief affair with Margaret", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15253139", "score": "1.0985757", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "John Rolfe", "text": "Elizabeth, in 1620, who married John Milner of Nansemond, Virginia, and died in 1635. Rolfe died in 1622 and his widow Jane married Englishman Captain Roger Smith three years later. The land given by Powhatan (now known as Smith's Fort Plantation, located in Surry County) was willed to Rolfe's son with Pocahontas, Thomas, who in 1640 sold at least a portion of it to Thomas Warren. Smith's Fort was a secondary Fort to Jamestown, begun in 1609 by John Smith. Thomas, who had grown up in England, married Jane Poythress. Her English parents were Francis Poythress and Alice Payton. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2237642", "score": "1.0786712", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Stafford County, Virginia", "text": "The colonists took her from the eastern part of this county, to a secondary English settlement, known as Henricus (or Henrico Town). Alexander Whitaker converted Pocahontas to Christianity during her captivity. He renamed her as \"Rebecca\" at her baptism. Rebecca/Pocahontas married English colonist John Rolfe on April 5, 1614 in Jamestown. Their mixed-race descendants were among the First Families of Virginia. The English colonial government of Virginia imposed its own order on the land and peoples. In 1664 it established Stafford County from territory previously part of Westmoreland County (which had been created from Northumberland County in 1653). It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "910490", "score": "1.076042", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Captain Thomas Graves", "text": "Ann, Verlinda, Katherine and Francis. His daughter, Verlinda, eventually married governor of Maryland, William Stone. Captain Thomas Graves Thomas Graves (c. 1580-1635) was one of the original Adventurers (stockholders) of the Virginia Company of London, and one of the very early Planters (settlers) who founded Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was also the first known person named Graves in North America. Captain Thomas Graves is listed as one of the original Adventurers as \"Thomas Grave\" on page 364, \"Records of the Virginia Company of London\", vol. IV. Graves arrived in Virginia in October 1608", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8901386", "score": "1.0726902", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Bennett Creek (Nansemond River tributary)", "text": "confluence of the Nansemond River. Prior to the Jamestown landing, the Bennett Creek area was populated by Nansemond Indians. A series of land grants beginning June 26, 1635, handed the land around Bennett Creek to a group of Puritans led by Richard and Robert Bennett. Richard Bennett later became the first Puritan governor of Virginia after the English Civil War. His home was located on Bennett Creek; today a historical marker indicates the location. In 1637 Nansemond County was formed including the Bennett Creek area. The county was first called Upper Norfolk County, but in 1646 it was renamed Nansemond", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10670287", "score": "1.0720395", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Raleigh Croshaw", "text": "Raleigh Croshaw Captain Raleigh Croshaw (c.1584-1624) was an Ancient planter and a representative in the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth City County in the Colony and Dominion of Virginia. Croshaw is believed to be from the Crashaw family of Crawshawbooth, Lancashire, England; his parentage and date of birth are not known. He arrived in Jamestown, Virginia on the \"Mary & Margrett\", with the Second Supply in September 1608. His wife came over on the \"Bona Nova\" in 1620 but, as she is not mentioned in 1623 Census, she was likely dead by 1623. He was a member of the Virginia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9242323", "score": "1.0703717", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Thomas Willoughby", "text": "in the fishery and was allowed to return to England in 1613. The winter prior to his departure back to England he tried to make amends for his troublesome ways in a letter to his family, where he stated: \"indever [my] selfe in all goodnesse, that I hope in time you may live to se[e] mee become a newe man.\" Thomas Willoughby was a founder of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1610 and from the family who were sheriffs of Kent, England. Thomas Willoughby Thomas Willoughby (1593– ?) colonist, born Wollaton, Nottingham, England was one of the first settlers in John Guy's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8799558", "score": "1.0642333", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Edward Bennett (colonist)", "text": "Bennett's plantation. The census of 1623 lists thirty-three living at Warrosquoyacke and twenty at Basse's Choice. In 1625, there were only thirty-one persons living on the two plantations. Although settlements occurred in the present day Isle of Wight County, Virginia prior to the Indian Massacre, they were destroyed on 22 March 1622 and any real settlement must be dated from that time forward. Warrosquoyake was resettled sometime after the Indian Massacre of 22 March 1622. The census of 1623 and a similar count in 1625 show the presence of settlers at both Basse's Choice and Edward Bennett's plantation which came", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14894150", "score": "1.0612084", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Roger Delk", "text": "In any case, shortly after his arrival in the colony, he married Alice Davenport who had arrived on the same boat as he did. Roger was indentured to John Chew and employed in 1624 on his plantation on Hog Island. He worked out his indenture by 1626, for he had relocated Jamestown by September 18th 1626, and in 1628 Francis West, \"Governor and Captaine Generall\", granted him 1,000 acres (4 km²) on Lawne's Creek which flows into the James River just below Hog Island. The size of this patent suggests the possibility of some influence having been exerted in his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3041268", "score": "1.0584416", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "John Rolfe", "text": "James River from Jamestown. They never lived on the land, which spanned thousands of acres, and instead lived for two years on Rolfe's plantation, Varina Farms, across the James River from the new community of Henricus. Their marriage created a climate of peace between the Jamestown colonists and Powhatan's tribes for several years; in 1615, Ralph Hamor wrote that \"Since the wedding, we have had friendly commerce and trade not only with Powhatan but also with his subjects round about us.\" Their son Thomas was born on 30 January 1615. John and Rebecca Rolfe traveled to England on the \"Treasurer\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2237640", "score": "1.0572517", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Grove, Virginia", "text": "at the time of encounter with the English. When the English settlers established Jamestown in 1607, the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom included most Native tribes in the area. There were a few that were unaffiliated. The paramount chief, known as the Powhatan, had created his powerful empire in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He conquered or affiliated by agreement with approximately 30 tribes whose territory covered much of southeastern Virginia. This was called \"Tenakomakah\". A capital of this confederacy, \"Werowocomoco\", was located near the north bank of the York River in present-day Gloucester County, about as the crow flies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6188815", "score": "1.0537868", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Willoughby, Lincolnshire", "text": "was 16 years old his father George Smith died and was buried at the same church on 3 April 1596. Smith was connected to the Native American girl Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan confederacy tribes. Smith met her when settling Jamestown in the 17th century. There have been many fictional representations of their encounter and surrounding events, including Disney's animated musical film \"Pocahontas\" and its . The cottage where Smith lived still exists and is situated in one of the village lanes. On the anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown settlement hundreds of Americans come to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4813016", "score": "1.0521027", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Gloucester County, Virginia", "text": "site has been preserved.) When English settlers founded Jamestown in 1607 on the James River to the north, they soon came into conflict with local Indians. The newcomers competed for land, game and other resources in the Powhatan territory, and the two cultures did not understand each other's concepts of property, particularly in land use. In late 1607, John Smith was captured and taken to Chief Powhatan at Werowocomoco, his eastern capital. According to legend, Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas saved John Smith from being executed by the natives; however, some historians question the accuracy of much of Smith's account of that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "903813", "score": "1.0454654", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jamestown, Virginia", "text": "Third Supply was John Rolfe, who carried with him a cache of untested new tobacco seeds from Bermuda, which had grown wild there after being planted by shipwrecked Spaniards years before. In 1614, Rolfe began to successfully harvest tobacco. Prosperous and wealthy, he married Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, bringing several years of peace between the English and natives. However, at the end of a public relations trip to England, Pocahontas became sick and died on March 21, 1617. The following year, her father also died. Powhatan's brother, a fierce warrior named Opchanacanough, became head of the Powhatan Confederacy. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822246", "score": "1.04334", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "text": "brought by Captain Newport. These were: Matthew Scrivener (First Supply), and Peter Winne (Second Supply). On October 1, 1608, 70 new settlers arrived aboard the English \"Mary and Margaret\" with the Second Supply, following a journey of approximately three months. Included in the Second Supply were Thomas Graves, Thomas Forrest, Esq and \"Mistress Forrest and Anne Burras her maide.\" Mistress Forrest and Anne Burras were the first two women known to have come to the Jamestown Colony. Remains unearthed at Jamestown in 1997 may be those of Mistress Forrest. Also included were the first non-English settlers. The company recruited these", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13257826", "score": "1.0428598", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "text": "of Southampton were eventually accomplished. Although the life of Chief Powhatan's young daughter, Pocahontas, would be largely tied to the English after legend credits her with saving John Smith's life after his capture by Opechancanough, her contacts with Smith himself were minimal. However, records indicate that she became something of an emissary to the colonists at Jamestown Island. During their first winter, following an almost complete destruction of their fort by a fire in January 1608, Pocahontas brought food and clothing to the colonists. She later negotiated with Smith for the release of Virginia Indians who had been captured by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13257837", "score": "1.0414474", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "text": "Thomas Dale sailed up the James River (also named after King James) to the area now known as Chesterfield County. He was apparently impressed with the possibilities of the general area where the Appomattox River joins the James River, until then occupied by the Appomattoc Indians, and there are published references to the name \"New Bermudas\" although it apparently was never formalized. A short distance further up the James, in 1611, he began the construction of a progressive development at Henricus on and about what was later known as Farrars Island. Henricus was envisioned as possible replacement capital for Jamestown,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13257856", "score": "1.0408714", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "James City County, Virginia", "text": "by Captain Christopher Newport. Upon reaching the New World at Cape Henry, they selected a site to settle about inland from the coast along a river to be better protected from attacks by sea from other Europeans. Soon after the establishment of Jamestown in 1607 in the new Colony of Virginia, English settlers first explored and then began settling more of the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads and along the James River. The first five years were very difficult, and the majority of the colonists perished. In 1612, imported strains of tobacco cultivated in Virginia by colonist John Rolfe were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "911303", "score": "1.040701", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Adam Thoroughgood", "text": "of 17, he became an indentured servant to pay for passage to the Virginia Colony, a project of the Virginia Company of London at the time. Around 1622, he settled in an area south of the Chesapeake Bay and a few miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean. This area had been passed by when the earlier settlements such as Jamestown were established beginning in 1607 in favour of locations further inland which would be less susceptible to attacks by other European forces, such as the Spanish. Having served his period of indenture, he returned to England, to return to Virginia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7696073", "score": "1.0401049", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jane Rolfe", "text": "her great-grandson, John Bolling. Rolfe's interment was near her father in the Kippax Plantation, but her birth year was never engraved on her headstone. Jane Rolfe Jane Rolfe (October 10, 1650 – January 27, 1676) was the granddaughter of Pocahontas and English colonist John Rolfe, (credited with introducing a strain of tobacco for export by the struggling Virginia Colony). Her husband was Colonel Robert Bolling, who lived from 1646 to 1709. Robert and Jane had one son, John Bolling (1676–1729). Pocahontas, who adopted the Christian name of Rebecca, married John Rolfe on April 5, 1614 in Jamestown. Rolfe's longtime friend,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4171465", "score": "1.0400372", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Powhatan", "text": "had with the Spanish prior to their arrival). Within two weeks of the English arrival at Jamestown, deaths had occurred. The settlers had hoped for friendly relations and had planned to trade with the Virginia Indians for food. Captain Christopher Newport led the first English exploration party up the James River in 1607, when he met Parahunt, \"weroance\" of the Powhatan proper. The English initially mistook him for the paramount Powhatan (\"mamanatowick\"), his father Wahunsunacawh, who ruled the confederacy. On a hunting and trade mission on the Chickahominy River in December 1607, Captain John Smith, later president of the colony,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2764624", "score": "1.0396198", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Virginia Beach, Virginia", "text": "at Jamestown. Adam Thoroughgood (1604–1640) of King's Lynn, Norfolk, England is one of the earliest Englishmen to settle in this area, which was developed as Virginia Beach. At the age of 18, he had contracted as an indentured servant to pay for passage to the Virginia Colony in the hopes of bettering his life. He earned his freedom after several years and became a leading citizen of the area. In 1629, he was elected to the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth Cittie , one of four \"citties\" (or incorporations) which were subdivided areas established in 1619. In 1634, the Colony", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "910423", "score": "1.0382724", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Doeg people", "text": "based in what is now King George County, but about 50 years before the founding of Jamestown (ca. 1557), they split into three sections, with groups going to Caroline County and Prince William County, and one remaining in King George. When Captain John Smith visited the upper Potomac River in 1608, he noted that the \"Taux\" lived there above Aquia Creek, with their capital \"Tauxenent\" located on \"Doggs Island\" (also known as \"Miompse\" or \"May-Umps\", now Mason Neck, Virginia.) They gathered fish and also grew corn. Other hamlets were at \"Pamacocack\" (later anglicized to \"Quantico\"), along Quantico Creek; \"Yosococomico\" (now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11453044", "score": "1.0381452", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Powhatan", "text": "more than thirty by 1607, when the English settlers established their Virginia Colony at Jamestown. The original six tribes under Wahunsunacock were: the Powhatan (proper), the Arrohateck, the Appamattuck, the Pamunkey, the Mattaponi, and the Chiskiack. He added the Kecoughtan to his fold by 1598. Some other affiliated groups included the Rappahannocks, Moraughtacund, Weyanoak, Paspahegh, Quiyoughcohannock, Warraskoyack, and Nansemond. Another closely related tribe of the same language group was the Chickahominy, but they managed to preserve their autonomy from the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom. The Accawmacke, located on the Eastern Shore across the Chesapeake Bay, were nominally tributary to the Powhatan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2764622", "score": "1.0369889", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shelton Hall (Norfolk)", "text": "James Shelton was a resident of Jamestown, Virginia in 1620 and that he was a member of the court from 1619-1624. Smith writes that the Sheltons owned property in Virginia and did a large business with Bermuda. As soon as trade opened between Bermuda and Virginia, James Shelton moved from Virginia to Bermuda where he had large grants of land, and died there in 1668. The current house, dating from the 17th century, with 18th and 19th century additions, stands within the original moat on the site of the Tudor mansion of the Sheltons, which was destroyed by fire. Evidence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8261159", "score": "1.0355268", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "text": "England several years earlier, which served to greatly improve relations between the Virginia Native Americans and the colonists for several years. However, when she and John Rolfe took their young son Thomas Rolfe on a public relations trip to England to help raise more investment money for the Virginia Company, she became ill and died just as they were leaving to return to Virginia. Her interment was at St George's Church in Gravesend. What became known as the \"Starving Time\" in the Virginia Colony occurred during the winter of 1609–10, when only 60 of 500 English colonists survived. The colonists,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13257840", "score": "1.0350003", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)", "long_answer": "Despite the immediate area of Jamestown being uninhabited, the settlers were attacked less than two weeks after their arrival on May 14, by Paspahegh Indians who succeeded in killing one of the settlers and wounding eleven more. Within a month, James Fort covered an acre on Jamestown Island. By June 15, the settlers finished building the triangular James Fort. The wooden palisaded walls formed a triangle around a storehouse, church, and a number of houses. A week later, Newport sailed back for London on Susan Constant with a load of pyrite (\"fools’ gold\") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving behind 104 colonists and Discovery.", "chunked_long_answer": "Despite the immediate area of Jamestown being uninhabited, the settlers were attacked less than two weeks after their arrival on May 14, by Paspahegh Indians who succeeded in killing one of the settlers and wounding eleven more. Within a month, James Fort covered an acre on Jamestown Island. By June 15, the settlers finished building the triangular James Fort. The wooden palisaded walls formed a triangle around a storehouse, church, and a number of houses. A week later, Newport sailed back for London on Susan Constant with a load of pyrite (\"fools’ gold\") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving behind", "short_answers": [ "uninhabited" ] }

[ "Ben Savage", "Cory Matthews" ]

[ { "title": "List of Girl Meets World characters", "text": "Cory Matthews (Ben Savage) is Riley and Auggie's father and Topanga's husband. He has taken a job as a history teacher at John Quincy Adams Middle School for the first two seasons and then Abigail Adams High School beginning the third season. In both settings, his class consists of his daughter and her friends and his history lessons relate to their lives, becoming life lessons for them. In addition to being Riley's father, he often acts as a father figure to Maya. He also acts as a mentor to his students, much like Mr. Feeny was to Cory, Topanga, and", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ben Savage", "text": "in an episode of the Fox series \"Bones\". He also guest starred on the Disney Channel series \"Shake It Up\" playing Andy Burns. In November 2012, Savage announced via his Twitter account that he had signed on to the \"Boy Meets World\" spin-off series, \"Girl Meets World\". The series premiered on Disney Channel on June 27, 2014, and features Savage's character Cory and his \"Boy Meets World\" love interest Topanga (Danielle Fishel) married in their adult years with two children. The series follows Cory and Topanga's daughter Riley (Rowan Blanchard) as she enters middle school and tries to navigate through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129549", "score": "1.0197117", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Girl Meets World", "text": "who assists her in learning to cope with the social and personal issues of adolescence. Several \"Boy Meets World\" cast members reprise their roles in the series. It has been several years since Cory and Topanga Matthews moved to New York City. The series follows their daughter, Riley Matthews, and her best friend, Maya Hart, as they navigate the challenges of life and school. Following along with them are their classmates, Lucas Friar and Farkle Minkus, and Riley's younger brother, Auggie. In November 2012, it was reported that Disney Channel was in the early stages of development of a follow-up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16956249", "score": "0.97860104", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "William Russ", "text": "crew, and directed one episode, being the only cast member to direct episodes of both \"Boy Meets World\" and \"Girl Meets World\". Russ is married to actress Clare Wren and has a daughter and son. His son is currently attending a military school in Waynesboro, Virginia. Russ enjoys downhill skiing and windsurfing. Independent Spirit Awards William Russ William Russ (born October 20, 1950) is an American actor and television director. He is perhaps best known for his role as Alan Matthews on the sitcom \"Boy Meets World\" (1993–2000). Russ is also notable for his roles in the television series \"Wiseguy\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3875706", "score": "0.971416", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Boy Meets World", "text": "Savage and Danielle Fishel reprise their roles as Cory and Topanga. Philadelphia area native Sabrina Carpenter plays Riley's best friend Maya Hart. Several cast members from \"Boy Meets World\" appear in recurring guest roles. Most prominently: Rider Strong (Shawn Hunter), Will Friedle (Eric Matthews), Danny McNulty (Harley Keiner), Lee Norris (Stuart Minkus), and William Daniels (Mr. Feeny). \"Girl Meets World\" ran three seasons before being canceled in 2017. Boy Meets World Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom created and produced by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly. The show aired on the ABC network from September 24, 1993 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "890855", "score": "0.9693465", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Michelle Hendley", "text": "Michelle Hendley Michelle Hendley (born March 23, 1991) is an American actress and YouTube personality. She is known for her role as Ricky in the 2014 film \"Boy Meets Girl\". Hendley was discovered by filmmaker Eric Schaeffer, who sought a transgender actress to play the lead role in \"Boy Meets Girl\". Hendley had been documenting her transition on her YouTube video blog. After watching some of the videos, Schaeffer contacted Hendley to discuss the role. Hendley had not previously pursued a career as a performer, but reading the script and discussing the project with the director convinced her that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18972688", "score": "0.9592814", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Michelle Hendley", "text": "opportunity made sense. Michelle Hendley Michelle Hendley (born March 23, 1991) is an American actress and YouTube personality. She is known for her role as Ricky in the 2014 film \"Boy Meets Girl\". Hendley was discovered by filmmaker Eric Schaeffer, who sought a transgender actress to play the lead role in \"Boy Meets Girl\". Hendley had been documenting her transition on her YouTube video blog. After watching some of the videos, Schaeffer contacted Hendley to discuss the role. Hendley had not previously pursued a career as a performer, but reading the script and discussing the project with the director convinced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18972689", "score": "0.9576379", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Peyton Meyer", "text": "Peyton Meyer Peyton Meyer (born November 24, 1998) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Lucas Friar on the Disney Channel television series \"Girl Meets World\", and his earlier recurring role as Wes Manning on Disney Channel's \"Dog with a Blog\". In 2013, Meyer made his debut with Disney Channel Original Series \"Dog with a Blog\". In 2014, he landed a main role in the Disney Channel Original Series \"Girl Meets World\", spinoff of \"Boy Meets World\" where he plays the role of Lucas Friar. Meyer also guest starred on \"Best Friends Whenever\", where he reprised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18516075", "score": "0.946683", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Anthony Tyler Quinn", "text": "Anthony Tyler Quinn Anthony Tyler Quinn (born July 25, 1962) is an American actor best known for his role as Jonathan Turner on \"Boy Meets World\" from 1994–1997, a role he reprised in 2015 in \"Girl Meets World\". Anthony Tyler Quinn was born July 25, 1962 in New London, Connecticut. At age 19 Quinn moved to Los Angeles to look for work. He is best known for his stint as high school teacher Mr. Jonathan Turner on the hit ABC sitcom, \"Boy Meets World\", from 1994 to 1997. Quinn married his high school sweetheart Margaret on June 15th, 1985. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3440655", "score": "0.94553006", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Girl Meets World", "text": "in mid-November 2012 for the lead roles of Riley Matthews, the daughter of Cory and Topanga, Maya, a witty friend of Riley's who has a troubled past, and Elliot, Riley's older brother. By the end of January 2013, Rowan Blanchard and Sabrina Carpenter were cast as Riley and Maya, respectively. Teo Halm was tapped for the role of Elliot in early March. Filming of the pilot began on March 20, 2013, and concluded on March 22, 2013. Rider Strong and Will Friedle made a surprise visit to the set, sparking rumors of a return, or at least a cameo appearance,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16956253", "score": "0.9349699", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Danielle Fishel", "text": "Danielle Fishel Danielle Christine Fishel (born May 5, 1981) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her role as Topanga Lawrence-Matthews on the 1990s teen sitcom \"Boy Meets World\", and its 2014 successor \"Girl Meets World\" on Disney Channel. She is also known for being the host of Style Network's \"The Dish\". Fishel also appears in \"National Lampoon's Dorm Daze\" and its sequel, and was a spokeswoman for Nutrisystem. She is also a resident reporter on \"PopSugar\", and their spin-off YouTube channel, PopSugar Girls Guide. Fishel was born in Mesa, Arizona, the daughter of Jennifer, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1316166", "score": "0.9326427", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Will Friedle", "text": "Will Friedle William Alan Friedle (; born August 11, 1976) is an American actor, writer and comedian. He is best known for his comedic roles, most notably the underachieving elder brother Eric Matthews on the long-running TV sitcom \"Boy Meets World\" from 1993 to 2000. More recently, he has voiced a number of animated characters such as Terry McGinnis/Batman, the title character of \"Batman Beyond\", and Ron Stoppable of \"Kim Possible\". He voices Deadpool in \"Ultimate Spider-Man\" and Star-Lord in the animated version of \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", replacing Chris Cox. He also performed the voices of Doyle in \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3180379", "score": "0.9293182", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Anthony Tyler Quinn", "text": "have two children, a daughter named Andie Tyler and a son named Roman Gabriel. Quinn is a Christian. Anthony Tyler Quinn Anthony Tyler Quinn (born July 25, 1962) is an American actor best known for his role as Jonathan Turner on \"Boy Meets World\" from 1994–1997, a role he reprised in 2015 in \"Girl Meets World\". Anthony Tyler Quinn was born July 25, 1962 in New London, Connecticut. At age 19 Quinn moved to Los Angeles to look for work. He is best known for his stint as high school teacher Mr. Jonathan Turner on the hit ABC sitcom, \"Boy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3440656", "score": "0.9291936", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Amors Baller", "text": "film, 'boy meets girl' set in a football environment.\" Metcalfe expressed his satisfaction with securing \"such an experienced and skilled young actor\" as Kåre Hedebrant, known for his performance in \"Let the Right One In\", in the leading role. \"This feels much easier [than \"Let the Right One In\"]. The atmosphere is lighter, also away from the camera,\" Hedebrant told \"Aftenposten\". Many other roles were filled by actors without prior experience. Eira K. Stuedahl, who plays the \"dream girl\" Susanna, was stopped in the street and invited to audition. Howard emphasized that he wanted to give the actors a lot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14729845", "score": "0.9224926", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Rider Strong", "text": "Rider Strong Rider King Strong (born December 11, 1979), is an American actor, director, voice actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as Shawn Hunter on the 1990s sitcom \"Boy Meets World\" and its 2014 sequel \"Girl Meets World\". He is also known for his role in the 2002 horror film \"Cabin Fever\" and as the voice of Tom Lucitor in \"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\". Rider King Strong was born in San Francisco, California, the second of two boys born for Lin (née Warner), a teacher and nutritionist, and King Arthur Strong, a firefighter.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5105240", "score": "0.91603386", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "William Russ", "text": "William Russ William Russ (born October 20, 1950) is an American actor and television director. He is perhaps best known for his role as Alan Matthews on the sitcom \"Boy Meets World\" (1993–2000). Russ is also notable for his roles in the television series \"Wiseguy\", the soap operas \"Another World\" and \"The Young and the Restless\" and the feature films \"The Right Stuff\" (1983), \"Pastime\" (1990) and \"American History X\" (1998). Russ was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, and is the son of a naval officer. He attended the University of Michigan, where he was a member of the Michigan Cheer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3875701", "score": "0.91445637", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Matthew Lawrence", "text": "Silent Night and This Dame, Matt also played guitar on the remaining three. In 2011, Lawrence guest-starred on his brother's sitcom ABC Family's \"Melissa & Joey\". In 2015, he reprised his role as Jack Hunter in the series \"Girl Meets World\", a spin-off/sequel of \"Boy Meets World\". In 2017 Matt started a band with Joey and Andy called Still Three. They released their debut single \"Lose Myself\". He was previously engaged to Heidi Mueller from 2004 to 2006. He has been dating professional dancer Cheryl Burke since February 2017. On May 3, 2018, they got engaged. Matthew Lawrence Matthew William", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3413657", "score": "0.9058312", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Faye Windass", "text": "secretly contacting her biological dad, she wants a fresh start for Faye that doesn't include Tim, and puts her foot down.\" Spoiler pictures that were released on 13 January 2013, revealed that Joe Duttine had been cast in the role of Tim Metcalfe, Faye's dad. Tim arrived on 21 January 2013, following weeks of contact with Faye. In March 2013, it was revealed that Faye would tell headteacher Brian Packham that Anna hits her in a bid to live with Tim. Ella-Grace Gregoire is introduced as Faye's friend Grace Piper in September 2013 and the two of them are involved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16279396", "score": "0.905269", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Boy Meets World (season 7)", "text": "\"Girl Meets World\" where Cory and Topanga are shown to be raising their two children, Riley (Rowan Blanchard) and Auggie (August Maturo). Riley is the series' protagonist, with Cory as a co-lead, and Topanga in a reduced role. Shawn and Eric appear in recurring guest roles, as do many other characters that have appeared over the course of \"Boy Meets World\"'s run. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Boy Meets World (season 7) The seventh and final season of the television comedy series \"Boy Meets World\" aired between September 24, 1999 and May 5, 2000, on ABC in the United States. The season was produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17124272", "score": "0.9016073", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Danielle Fishel", "text": "this, Jensen Karp announced that he is now dating Fishel. On March 22, 2018, Fishel and Karp got engaged. Karp and Fishel got married on November 4, 2018. Danielle Fishel Danielle Christine Fishel (born May 5, 1981) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her role as Topanga Lawrence-Matthews on the 1990s teen sitcom \"Boy Meets World\", and its 2014 successor \"Girl Meets World\" on Disney Channel. She is also known for being the host of Style Network's \"The Dish\". Fishel also appears in \"National Lampoon's Dorm Daze\" and its sequel, and was a spokeswoman for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1316175", "score": "0.89846027", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Shiloh Strong", "text": "He appeared in the commercial with Alexandra Barreto and his brother Rider Strong. The commercial won Moveon.org's contest for funniest commercial and aired on Comedy Central. In 2015, Shiloh started working on \"Girl Meets World\", co-directing episodes with his brother Rider. Girl Meets World Shiloh Strong Shiloh Strong (born June 12, 1978) is an American actor, screenwriter, photographer and film director whose roles include \"Zelos Wilder\" from \"Tales of Symphonia\", \"David Scott\" from \"Dinotopia\", and \"Grant\" from \"Buck Naked Arson\". At the age of 16, Shiloh won a Dramalogue Award for writing the play \"Shades of Blue\". He wrote, directed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6242479", "score": "0.89569914", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "John Bregar", "text": "John Bregar John Francis Bregar (born March 1, 1985) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as Dylan Michalchuk on \"\". He also played Cody Flowers in \"Family Biz\". His professional acting debut was starring in the music video \"Father\" by Knights of the Realm. He played Jason Valentine in the Canadian Film Center short film, \"Todd And The Book Of Pure Evil\". He and Adamo Ruggiero were nominated for a GLAAD Media Award at the 15th Annual GLAAD Media Awards and featured in \"The Advocate\" for their roles in \"\", as teenage boyfriends. Bregar also played Bobby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4509550", "score": "0.8956819", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jesse Lee Soffer", "text": "Ryan Bailey\". In September 2018, Soffer began dating \"Chicago Med\" star Torrey DeVitto. The Gunnery, Soffer's \"alma mater\" Jesse Lee Soffer Jesse Lee Soffer (born April 23, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Will Munson on the CBS soap opera \"As the World Turns\" for which he received three Emmy nominations. Since 2014, he has starred as Det. Jay Halstead on the NBC drama \"Chicago Fire\", in a recurring role, and its police procedural spin-off \"Chicago P.D.\", as part of the main cast. He is also known for his role as Bobby Brady in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6885437", "score": "0.89452076", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "George Eldredge", "text": "innumerable police officers. However Eldredge sometimes was cast against type, as in his role as the traitorous Dr. Tobor in the ‘B’ Movie\", .\" Arguably his best known film role came in the 1945 cult exploitation film \"Mom and Dad\" where Eldredge portrayed Dan Blake, the father of a teenage girl who accidentally becomes pregnant because her parents withhold knowledge about sex from her. Although the mores of the time prevented most advertising for this film, it still became the number two moneymaker for 1945. In 2005 it received a National Film Preservation award from the Library of Congress. Throughout", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11923277", "score": "0.89016485", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Paul Dano", "text": "in the TV movie \"Too Young to Be a Dad\" as a high school student whose life is disrupted when his girlfriend becomes pregnant. In 2004 he played a small role as young Martin Asher in \"Taking Lives\" with Angelina Jolie and Ethan Hawke. In 2005, he played supporting roles in \"The King\" with Gael Garcia Bernal, and \"The Ballad of Jack and Rose\" with Daniel Day-Lewis. He came to greater attention in 2006, when he played as Dwayne, a voluntarily mute teenager as part of an ensemble in the comedic drama \"Little Miss Sunshine\", which received critical acclaim and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8375392", "score": "0.8899205", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Scott Porter", "text": "\"Altar Boyz\" in 2004. In 2006, he temporarily took over the role of Casey Hughes in the soap opera \"As the World Turns\", a role originally performed by Zach Roerig. Porter also played the role of Colin Thompson, the more visible part of the duo that fronts the fictional band PoP!, in the movie \"Music and Lyrics\" (2007). Porter also played the character Rex in the film \"Speed Racer\" (2008), which was directed and written by the Wachowskis. He played Bobby in the remake of \"Prom Night\" and Ben Wheatly in \"Bandslam\", released in August 2009. In the latter film,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9544871", "score": "0.885159", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Boy Meets Girl (2009 TV series)", "text": "Boy Meets Girl (2009 TV series) Boy Meets Girl is an ITV comedy-drama television miniseries starring Rachael Stirling and Martin Freeman. In the show, Danny Reed (Freeman) is struck by lightning. When he wakes up from the attack, he is inside the body of a woman, fashion journalist Veronica Burton (Stirling). Written by David Allison, the series began on 1 May 2009. Danny Reed (Martin Freeman) is directionless and dissatisfied with his lot in life. Working at a DIY superstore, he vents his frustrations on the customers when not pining for his co-worker Fiona (Angela Griffin), or foisting his encyclopedic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11691208", "score": "0.8844346", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Michael Jacobs (producer)", "text": "now that is speaking to the audience I have always spoken to and care very much about.\" \"Girl Meets World\" premiered on June 27, 2014 and was picked up for its second season on August 6, 2014 as the number one television show for kids. In 2018, all episodes of Boy Meets World along with Dinosaurs began their run on the streaming service, Hulu. Michael is also the writer or co-writer of the theme songs for \"Charles In Charge\", \"My Two Dads\", \"The Torkelsons\" and \"Lost at Home\". Michael Jacobs (producer) Michael Jacobs (born June 28, 1955) is an American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9364978", "score": "0.88182473", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Jay Johnson (ventriloquist)", "text": "father from \"Soap\", Richard Mulligan) and \"Dave's World\". In 1999, he reprised his role of Chuck (and Bob) Campbell in an episode of \"That '70s Show\". Post-2000 appearances include the 2001 TV Movie \"What's Up, Peter Fuddy?\", an appearance on \"Reno 911!\", and the role of Christopher Davis—biological father of \"The Miniature Killer\" Natalie Davis—in the \"\" episode \"Living Doll\". \"Jay Johnson: The Two & Only!\" written and performed by Jay Johnson, opened on Broadway to rave reviews at the Helen Hayes Theatre on September 28, 2006. This was preceded by an acclaimed off-Broadway run at the Atlantic Theatre Company", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8530107", "score": "0.8816943", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Will Friedle", "text": "the role because of a previous commitment to the UPN series \"The Random Years\". The role ended up going to Eddie Kaye Thomas. Friedle voiced Seifer Almasy in the English version of the video game \"Kingdom Hearts II\", Gideon Wyeth in the English version of the video game \"Advent Rising\", and Jaster Rogue in the English version of the video game \"Rogue Galaxy\". In December 2013, it was announced that Friedle would reprise his \"Boy Meets World\" role of Eric Matthews on the continuation series \"Girl Meets World\". In April 2014, it was confirmed that Friedle reprised his \"Batman Beyond\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3180382", "score": "0.88096833", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "List of Girl Meets World characters", "long_answer": "Cory Matthews (Ben Savage) is Riley and Auggie's father and Topanga's husband. He has taken a job as a history teacher at John Quincy Adams Middle School for the first two seasons and then Abigail Adams High School beginning the third season. In both settings, his class consists of his daughter and her friends and his history lessons relate to their lives, becoming life lessons for them. In addition to being Riley's father, he often acts as a father figure to Maya. He also acts as a mentor to his students, much like Mr. Feeny was to Cory, Topanga, and Shawn in Boy Meets World.", "chunked_long_answer": "Cory Matthews (Ben Savage) is Riley and Auggie's father and Topanga's husband. He has taken a job as a history teacher at John Quincy Adams Middle School for the first two seasons and then Abigail Adams High School beginning the third season. In both settings, his class consists of his daughter and her friends and his history lessons relate to their lives, becoming life lessons for them. In addition to being Riley's father, he often acts as a father figure to Maya. He also acts as a mentor to his students, much like Mr. Feeny was to Cory, Topanga, and", "short_answers": [ "Ben Savage", "Cory Matthews" ] }

[ "third-person perspective", "an Abstergo agent" ]

[ { "title": "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag", "text": "The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control. The framing story is set in the 21st century and describes the player as an Abstergo agent. The main story is set in the 18th century Caribbean during the Golden Age of Piracy, and follows notorious Welsh pirate Edward Kenway, grandfather and father of Assassin's Creed III protagonist and antagonist Ratonhnhaké:ton and Haytham Kenway respectively, who stumbles upon the Assassin/Templar conflict. The attempted establishment of", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed III", "text": "Assassin's Creed III Assassin's Creed III is a 2012 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, and Microsoft Windows. It is the fifth major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, and a direct sequel to 2011's \"\". The game was released worldwide for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, beginning in North America on October 30, 2012, with a Wii U and Microsoft Windows release following in November 2012. A remastered version will be released for PC, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in March 2019. The plot is set in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14028144", "score": "0.9357234", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (video game)", "text": "Sinan, who was the leader of the Syrian branch of the Hashshashin in 1191 and was nicknamed \"The Old Man of the Mountain\". Al Mualim was referred to as Sinan in \"\". The game was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on November 13, 2007, in North America, November 16 in Europe, and November 21 in Australia and New Zealand. It was made public in April 2008 that \"Assassin's Creed\" would be sold digitally and available for pre-order through Valve's software distribution Steam. The PC version of \"Assassin's Creed\" was released on April 8, 2008, in North America. Four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7765757", "score": "0.9092343", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (video game)", "text": "Assassin's Creed (video game) Assassin's Creed is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the first installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series. The game was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2007 and was made available on Microsoft Windows in April 2008. Also, the game can be played on Xbox One consoles via backward compatibility. The plot is set in a fictional history of real-world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7765725", "score": "0.90751415", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed Identity", "text": "the Assassin is in Wanted status, in which all guards attack the Assassin on sight. Assassins can lower statuses by either breaking hostile guards' lines of sight for an extended period of time or by blending. However, the Assassin will always be attacked on sight in Restricted Areas, and by some Templar enemies. During combat, the player can also summon hirelings, which depending on class, have a skill and passive upgrade. However, if the player uses the hireling's skill, the hireling can no longer be used for the mission, and passive upgrade is nullified. Players can also use the iconic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18494221", "score": "0.902544", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood", "text": "the player's own pursuer or pursuers. Players are indistinguishable from some of the NPC's throughout the maps. If the player kills an NPC by mistake or otherwise breaks cover, they are more easily spotted by pursuer or target alike, sometimes resulting in a chase. The player with the highest score at the end of the session wins. Players will lose their contract if they kill an NPC, are stunned by their target or their target is killed by another player. A player cannot kill another player who is not the target, but they can stun their hunter. \"Advanced Wanted\" mode", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14552556", "score": "0.8985604", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed III", "text": "III\" protagonist a female character because the game's setting is not a strong match. Hutchinson said while many people wanted to see female assassins in the series, the American Revolution setting makes it difficult this time round. Ubisoft recommends the PC version of the game to be played with a controller even though it will still support keyboard and mouse setup. Ubisoft Montreal's creative director Alex Hutchinson admitted: \"We're definitely supporting PC, we love PC, but I think it'll be PC with a controller. I don't see us investing hugely in a mouse and keyboard setup. I think if you", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14028180", "score": "0.89656883", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (video game)", "text": "the player minimal knowledge about the target and requires them to perform additional reconnaissance missions before attempting the assassination. These missions include eavesdropping, interrogation, pickpocketing, and completing tasks for informers and fellow Assassins. Additionally, the player may take part in any number of side objectives, including climbing tall towers to map out the city and saving citizens who are being threatened or harassed by the city guards. There are also various \"additional memories\" that do not advance the plot, such as hunting down and killing Templars and flag collecting. After completing each assassination, the player is returned to the Brotherhood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7765729", "score": "0.8963202", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (film)", "text": "Assassin's Creed (film) Assassin's Creed is a 2016 American action film based on the video game franchise of the same name. The film is directed by Justin Kurzel, written by Michael Lesslie, Adam Cooper and Bill Collage, and stars Michael Fassbender (who also produced), Marion Cotillard, Jeremy Irons, Brendan Gleeson, Charlotte Rampling and Michael K. Williams. The film is set in the same universe as the video games but features an original story that expands the series' mythology, taking place during the Spanish Inquisition. Filming began in late August 2015 and concluded in January 2016. \"Assassin's Creed\" was released on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18286089", "score": "0.8955455", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed III", "text": "as a downloadable add-on to \"Assassin's Creed Odyssey\". \"Assassin's Creed III\" is a third-person action-adventure title set in an open world in which the player uses a combination of stealth, parkour, and combat to complete various missions. The player takes the role of three characters during the course of the game. The main character is Desmond Miles, a 21st-century Assassin, working to uncover the secrets of a mysterious Precursor Vault that will protect the Earth from an upcoming solar flare on December 21, 2012. To uncover the secrets, Desmond uses the Animus to live out memories of two of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14028148", "score": "0.8906994", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed: Revelations", "text": "Assassin's Creed: Revelations Assassin's Creed: Revelations is a 2011 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the fourth major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, a direct sequel to 2010's \"\", and the third and final chapter in the 'Ezio trilogy'. The game was released on PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows in November and December 2011. The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15568285", "score": "0.88824195", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed Identity", "text": "Assassin's Creed Identity Assassin's Creed Identity is an action-adventure video game developed by Blue Byte and published by Ubisoft. It is the second mobile-exclusive game in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series to be released after \"Assassin's Creed Pirates\", and the first on mobile to incorporate the third-person urban traversal-style gameplay as seen in the main console titles. It was initially soft-launched in 2014 as a free-to-play game for New Zealand and Australian App Stores. The game was released worldwide on iOS on 25 February 2016. The Android version released on 18 May 2016 along with a new DLC which is now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18494218", "score": "0.8854182", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (video game)", "text": "game primarily takes place during the Third Crusade in the Holy Land in 1191, with the plot revolving around the Secret Order of Assassins, based upon the Hashshashin sect. The player is, in reality, playing as a modern-day man named Desmond Miles, who, through the use of a machine named the \"Animus\", is allowed the viewing and controlling of the protagonist's genetic memories of his ancestors, in this case, Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, a member of the Assassins. Through this plot device, details emerge of a struggle between two factions: the Knights Templar and the Assassins, over an artifact known as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7765726", "score": "0.8839474", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed", "text": "assassins as Dorian attempts to avenge his foster father's death, as well as discover Templar infighting as a result of the Revolution. On March 19, 2014, images leaked for the next game, titled or code-named \"\"Unity\"\", showing a new assassin in Paris. On March 21, Ubisoft confirmed the game's existence, having been in development for more than three years, by releasing pre-alpha game footage. The game features up to four player co-op, a first for the series. It was released in North America for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows on November 11, 2014 and in Europe and Australasia on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13663618", "score": "0.88362336", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed: Revelations", "text": "As of February 15, 2012, the game has shipped 7 million copies worldwide. Assassin's Creed: Revelations Assassin's Creed: Revelations is a 2011 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the fourth major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, a direct sequel to 2010's \"\", and the third and final chapter in the 'Ezio trilogy'. The game was released on PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows in November and December 2011. The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15568333", "score": "0.881707", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed Unity", "text": "AI was paramount to keeping the game locked at 30 frames per second. Assassin's Creed Unity Assassin's Creed Unity is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released in November 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the eighth major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, and the successor to 2013's \"\". It also has ties to \"Assassin's Creed Rogue\" which was released for the previous generation consoles, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on the same date. The plot is set in a fictional history of real world", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17938701", "score": "0.8809011", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed Unity", "text": "Assassin's Creed Unity Assassin's Creed Unity is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released in November 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the eighth major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, and the successor to 2013's \"\". It also has ties to \"Assassin's Creed Rogue\" which was released for the previous generation consoles, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on the same date. The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17938654", "score": "0.88073367", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (video game)", "text": "is kidnapped by agents of Abstergo Industries, the world's largest pharmaceutical conglomerate. Under the guidance of Dr. Warren Vidic and his assistant Lucy Stillman, Desmond is forced to participate in a series of trials revolving around the \"Animus\", a machine capable of translating the genetic memories of his ancestors into a simulated reality. Vidic instructs him to relive the early years of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, a senior member of the Assassin Brotherhood during the time of the Third Crusade. His investigation reveals that Altaïr, blinded by arrogance, botched an attempt by the Assassins to retrieve an artifact, the Piece of Eden,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7765734", "score": "0.8788564", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed", "text": "the franchise moving to the current generation PlayStation 4 and Xbox One with \"Assassin's Creed Unity\". On August 5, Ubisoft officially announced the game as \"Assassin's Creed Rogue\". It was released in North America on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on November 11, 2014 and in Europe and Australasia on November 13, 2014. It was released on Windows in March 2015. In January 2018, a remastered version was announced for release on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2018. The story is set in Paris on the eve of the French Revolution and follows Arno Dorian and his fellow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13663617", "score": "0.8787575", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag", "text": "characters to the multiplayer mode. These characters are The Shaman, The Siren and The Stowaway. It was not released for the Wii U. The PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 releases both contain an exclusive DLC, \"Aveline\". As an exception it is available on PC in the Uplay Digital Deluxe Edition and Jackdaw Edition only. A Game of The Year version, called the Jackdaw Edition, was released in the UK for sale exclusively on Amazon.com. It was made available for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 consoles as well as PC. The edition includes all previously released downloadable content. No comparable editions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17123813", "score": "0.8768736", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (film)", "text": "Connor/Ratonhnhaké:ton's bow (\"Assassin's Creed III\"); Edward Kenway's flintlock pistols (\"\"); the cane sword of the twins Jacob and Evie Frye (\"Assassin's Creed Syndicate\") and the axe and guillotine gun of Arno Dorian (\"Assassin's Creed Unity\"). Fassbender also stated that Ubisoft was \"very keen\" about elements being created for the film, and were considering incorporating them into future games. The film also features the games' signature \"Leap of Faith\" jump, performed by Fassbender's stunt double, Damien Walters, rather than a digital double, as the production team wanted to make many of the elements in the film as \"real\" as possible, without", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18286105", "score": "0.876057", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed Identity", "text": "calls them the Corvix Blades. Demetrio then reveals information on Cesare Borgia and the men with the crow feathers. Demetrio explains that after realizing that his guards cannot use the Corvix Blades, Cesare decides to make his own Assassins. Cesare finds a group of young men in an orphanage and sends them to Vallombrosa, an abbey near Firenze. He then uses his contacts to trick a Spanish Assassin named into training the men by making Raphael believe that it was the Assassin's Brotherhood that contact him. After the training is complete, Cesare sends a bald man to Vallombrosa. The bald", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18494229", "score": "0.8756849", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed Rogue", "text": "The game was officially announced on August 5, 2014, following a leak of the title. Game director Martin Capel described the game as finishing the series' \"North American saga\" and that the game was designed to accommodate specific fan requests, such as taking on the role of a Templar. The game is intended to \"fill the gaps\" of the story between \"Assassin's Creed III\" and \"Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag\" and has \"a crucial link\" to the events of the previous games. In addition to Ubisoft Sofia's work on the game, contributions are also being made by Ubisoft studios in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18201702", "score": "0.87478757", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed", "text": "Assassin's Creed Assassin's Creed is an action-adventure stealth video game franchise created by Patrice Désilets, Jade Raymond and Corey May, developed and published by Ubisoft using the game engine Anvil Next. It depicts in the centuries-old struggle, now and then, between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control. The series features historical fiction, science fiction and characters, intertwined with real-world historical events and figures. For the majority of time players would control an Assassin in the past history, while they also play as Desmond Miles or an Assassin Initiate in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13663569", "score": "0.8747236", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed III", "text": "material days before. Titled \"Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag\", it serves as a sequel to \"Assassin's Creed III\"s modern story and a prequel to its ancestral storyline. The game is set in the Caribbean islands during the Golden Age of Piracy, and centers around Edward Kenway; the father of Haytham Kenway, and grandfather of Ratonhnhaké:ton, the playable characters of \"Assassin's Creed III\". Assassin's Creed III Assassin's Creed III is a 2012 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, and Microsoft Windows. It is the fifth major installment in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14028210", "score": "0.8723799", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed (film)", "text": "2016, it was announced that Jed Kurzel, the brother of director Justin Kurzel, would score the film. Aymar Azaïzia, head of \"Assassin's Creed\" content at Ubisoft, stated that the film, which is \"a brand new story, [with] new characters set in our universe,\" had the possibility to feature \"some familiar faces,\" and that the present day element would feature Abstergo. Fassbender said, \"We really want to respect the game[s] and the elements to it. But we also wanted to come up with our own thing. And one thing I've sort of learned from doing the franchises like \"X-Men\" is that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18286103", "score": "0.87128913", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood", "text": "is a variant of \"Wanted\" mode, with differences including an increased amount of NPCs on the map to make it difficult to pick out targets and a less accurate compass. There is generally more stealth involved in this mode than in basic \"Wanted\". The \"Assassinate\" mode is similar to \"Wanted\", but instead of target contracts being assigned to players, all players are fair game. Players must identify other player characters and lock on before assassinating. Because two players can kill each other, whoever locks on first becomes the hunter and the other becomes the target. The standard compass found in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14552557", "score": "0.87100166", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed II", "text": "Assassin's Creed II Assassin's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the second major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, a sequel to 2007's \"Assassin's Creed\", and the first chapter in the \"Ezio trilogy\". The game was first released on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2009, and was later made available on Microsoft Windows in March 2010 and OS X in October 2010. Several minor game related features could be redeemed on Uplay and three downloadable expansion packs were released on Xbox Live. The plot is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13244679", "score": "0.8704138", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed II", "text": "Templar. The game's primary antagonist is Cesare Borgia, Rodrigo Borgia's son. Assassin's Creed II Assassin's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the second major installment in the \"Assassin's Creed\" series, a sequel to 2007's \"Assassin's Creed\", and the first chapter in the \"Ezio trilogy\". The game was first released on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2009, and was later made available on Microsoft Windows in March 2010 and OS X in October 2010. Several minor game related features could be redeemed on Uplay and three", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13244732", "score": "0.8680897", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Assassin's Creed", "text": "Kojima. Kojima later repaid the favor, by letting Ubisoft borrow the outfit of the \"Metal Gear Solid\" character Raiden as an unlockable in \"Assassin's Creed Brotherhood\". In \"\", the player can jump into a bale of hay from a rooftop (which also includes the \"Eagle\" sound effect used in the \"Assassins' Creed\" games) and use it to attract and subdue enemies. The Assassin order is also referenced by a character. In downloadable contents, Ubisoft collaborated with Square Enix to held a limited-time \"Assassin's Creed\"-themed festival event crossover into the \"Final Fantasy XV\" on consoles under the title \"Assassin's Festival\", starting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13663676", "score": "0.86785126", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag", "long_answer": "The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control. The framing story is set in the 21st century and describes the player as an Abstergo agent. The main story is set in the 18th century Caribbean during the Golden Age of Piracy, and follows notorious Welsh pirate Edward Kenway, grandfather and father of Assassin's Creed III protagonist and antagonist Ratonhnhaké:ton and Haytham Kenway respectively, who stumbles upon the Assassin/Templar conflict. The attempted establishment of a Republic of Pirates utopia (free from either British or Spanish rule) is a significant plot element.", "chunked_long_answer": "The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins, who fight for peace with free will, and the Templars, who desire peace through control. The framing story is set in the 21st century and describes the player as an Abstergo agent. The main story is set in the 18th century Caribbean during the Golden Age of Piracy, and follows notorious Welsh pirate Edward Kenway, grandfather and father of Assassin's Creed III protagonist and antagonist Ratonhnhaké:ton and Haytham Kenway respectively, who stumbles upon the Assassin/Templar conflict. The attempted establishment of", "short_answers": [ "an Abstergo agent" ] }

[ "Nebuchadnezzar" ]

[ { "title": "Babylonian captivity", "text": "Despite warnings by Jeremiah and others of the pro-Babylonian party, Zedekiah revolted against Babylon and entered into an alliance with Pharaoh Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar returned, defeated the Egyptians, and again besieged Jerusalem, resulting in the city's destruction in 587 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the city wall and the Temple, together with the houses of the most important citizens. Zedekiah and his sons were captured, the sons were executed in front of Zedekiah, who was then blinded and taken to Babylon with many others (Jer 52:10–11). Judah became a Babylonian province, called Yehud, putting an end to the independent Kingdom of Judah. (Because", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Babylonian captivity", "text": "called Yehud, putting an end to the independent Kingdom of Judah. (Because of the missing years in the Jewish calendar, rabbinic sources place the date of the destruction of the First Temple at 3338 HC (423 BCE) or 3358 HC (403 BCE)). The first governor appointed by Babylon was Gedaliah, a native Judahite; he encouraged the many Jews who had fled to surrounding countries such as Moab, Ammon and Edom to return, and he took steps to return the country to prosperity. Some time later, a surviving member of the royal family assassinated Gedaliah and his Babylonian advisors, prompting many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "687389", "score": "1.0810481", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Second Temple", "text": "Second Temple The Second Temple (, \"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon. The Second Temple was originally a rather modest structure constructed by a number of Jewish exile groups returning to the Levant from Babylon under the Achaemenid-appointed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777258", "score": "1.0579071", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jewish history", "text": "record accounts for the ultimate fate of the ten northern tribes, sometimes referred to as the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, although speculation abounds. After revolting against the new dominant power and an ensuing siege, the Kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Babylonian army in 587 BCE and the First Temple was destroyed. The elite of the kingdom and many of their people were exiled to Babylon, where the religion developed outside their traditional temple. Others fled to Egypt. After the fall of Jerusalem, Babylonia (modern day Iraq), would become the focus of Judaism for more than a thousand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2053971", "score": "1.043023", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Second Temple Judaism", "text": "(the \"Babylonian exile\"). In 539 BCE Babylon itself fell to the Persian conqueror Cyrus, and in 538 BCE the exiles were permitted to return to Yehud medinata, as the Persian province of Judah was known. The Temple is commonly said to have been rebuilt in the period 520–515 BCE, but it seems probable that this is an artificial date chosen so that 70 years could be said to have passed between the destruction and the rebuilding, fulfilling a prophecy of Jeremiah. The end of the Persian period is conventionally dated from Alexander the Great's conquest of the Mediterranean coast in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622127", "score": "1.0364206", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Zerubbabel", "text": "Isaiah, and descendant of the Davidic Dynasty. Zerubbabel According to the biblical narrative, Zerubbabel was a governor of the Persian Province of Judah (Yehud Medinata) and the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate king of Judah. Zerubbabel led the first group of Jews, numbering 42,360, who returned from the Babylonian captivity in the first year of Cyrus, King of Persia. The date is generally thought to have been between 538 and 520 BC. Zerubbabel also laid the foundation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem soon after. In all of the accounts in the Hebrew Bible that mention Zerubbabel, he is always associated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "775660", "score": "1.028424", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Book of Enoch", "text": "Jews. \"And forthwith I saw how the shepherds pastured for twelve hours, and behold three of those sheep turned back and came and entered and began to build up all that had fallen down of that house\". \"Cyrus allowed Sheshbazzar, a prince from the tribe of Judah, to bring the Jews from Babylon back to Jerusalem. Jews were allowed to return with the Temple vessels that the Babylonians had taken. Construction of the Second Temple began\"; this represents the history of ancient Israel and Judah; the temple was completed in 515 BC. The first part of the next section of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2385580", "score": "1.0192107", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Tribe of Judah", "text": "1000 years. The first Jewish communities in Babylonia started with the exile of the Tribe of Judah to Babylon by Jehoiachin in 597 BCE as well as after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BCE. Many more Jews migrated to Babylon in CE 135 after the Bar Kokhba revolt and in the centuries after. Ethiopia's traditions, recorded and elaborated in a 13th-century treatise, the \"Kebre Negest\", assert descent from a retinue of Israelites who returned with the Queen of Sheba from her visit to King Solomon in Jerusalem, by whom she had conceived the Solomonic dynasty's founder,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "778508", "score": "1.018964", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Zerubbabel", "text": "Zerubbabel According to the biblical narrative, Zerubbabel was a governor of the Persian Province of Judah (Yehud Medinata) and the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate king of Judah. Zerubbabel led the first group of Jews, numbering 42,360, who returned from the Babylonian captivity in the first year of Cyrus, King of Persia. The date is generally thought to have been between 538 and 520 BC. Zerubbabel also laid the foundation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem soon after. In all of the accounts in the Hebrew Bible that mention Zerubbabel, he is always associated with the high priest who returned with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "775617", "score": "1.0162759", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Temple in Jerusalem", "text": "of Egypt. Although efforts were made at partial reconstruction, it was only in 835 BCE when Jehoash, King of Judah, in the second year of his reign invested considerable sums in reconstruction, only to have it stripped again for Sennacherib, King of Assyria c. 700 BCE. The First Temple was totally destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, when they sacked the city. According to the Book of Ezra, construction of the Second Temple was authorized by Cyrus the Great and began in 538 BCE, after the fall of the Babylonian Empire the year before. It was completed 23 years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "413551", "score": "1.0149735", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Bnei Menashe", "text": "the first temple, Israel was divided into two kingdoms. The southern one, known as the Kingdom of Judah, was made up mostly of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi. Most Jews today are descended from the southern kingdom. The northern Kingdom of Israel was made up of the remaining ten tribes. In approximately 721 B.C.E., the Assyrians invaded the northern kingdom, exiled the ten tribes living there, and enslaved them in Assyria (present-day Iraq). According to Lal Dena, the Bnei Menashe have come to believe that the legendary Hmar ancestor Manmasi was the Hebrew Menasseh, son of Joseph. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4829656", "score": "1.0118196", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Manasseh of Judah", "text": "also mentioned in Jeremiah 15:4. Manasseh was the first king of Judah who was not contemporary with the northern kingdom of Israel, which had been destroyed by the Assyrians in c. 720 BC, with much of its population deported. He re-instituted polytheistic worship and reversed the religious changes made by his father Hezekiah, for which he is condemned by several Biblical texts. He was married to Meshullemeth, daughter of Haruz of Jotbah, and they had a son Amon, who succeeded him as king of Judah upon his death. Hezekiah, Manasseh and Amon are mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2655555", "score": "1.010925", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jews", "text": "ended the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE, the year after he captured Babylon. The exile ended with the return under Zerubbabel the Prince (so-called because he was a descendant of the royal line of David) and Joshua the Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple) and their construction of the Second Temple in the period 521–516 BCE. The Cyrus Cylinder, an ancient tablet on which is written a declaration in the name of Cyrus referring to restoration of temples and repatriation of exiled peoples, has often been taken as corroboration of the authenticity", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14233296", "score": "1.0084144", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Israeli Jews", "text": "the Kingdom of Israel. After the destruction of these kingdoms and the destruction of the first Temple, the Israelites were exiled to Babylon. After about 70 years parts of the Israelites were permitted to return to the region and soon thereafter they built the Second Temple. Later on they established the Hasmonean Kingdom. The region was conquered by the Roman Empire in 63 BC. During the 2nd century CE a series of rebellions against the Roman Empire ended up with the destruction of the second temple and a general expulsion of Jews from their homeland. The area was later conquered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11080316", "score": "1.0076687", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Zerubbabel", "text": "him, Joshua (Jeshua) son of Jozadak (Jehozadak). Together, these two men led the first wave of Jewish returnees from exile and began to rebuild the Temple. Old Testament theologian John Kessler describes the region of Judah as a small province that contained land extending 25 km from Jerusalem and was independently ruled prior to the Persian rule. Zerubbabel was the governor of this province. King Darius I of Persia appointed Zerubbabel governor of the Province. It was after this appointment that Zerubbabel began to rebuild the Temple. Elias Bickerman speculates that one of the reasons that Zerubbabel was able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "775618", "score": "1.0060899", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Second Temple Judaism", "text": "remnant left behind when Israel was deceived by the wicked priest Eli to leave Gerizim and worship at Jerusalem. Second Temple Judeans regarded them as foreign converts and the offspring of mixed marriages, and therefore of impure blood. Relations between the two communities were often strained, but the definitive break dates from the destruction of the Gerizim temple and of Shechem by a Hasmonean king in the late 2nd century BCE; before that the Samaritans seem to have regarded themselves as part of the wider Jewish community, but afterwards they denounced the Jerusalem temple as completely unacceptable to God. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622132", "score": "1.0048728", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Second Temple", "text": "religion, of the synagogue and of apocalyptic expectations for the future all developed in the Judaism of this period. Second Temple The Second Temple (, \"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon. The Second Temple was originally a rather", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777295", "score": "1.0031056", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jerusalem", "text": "Israel broke with the United Monarchy to form their own nation, with its kings, prophets, priests, traditions relating to religion, capitals and temples in northern Israel. The southern tribes, together with the Aaronid priesthood, remained in Jerusalem, with the city becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Judah. In 538 BCE, the Persian King Cyrus the Great invited the Jews of Babylon to return to Judah to rebuild the Temple. Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple. Sometime soon after 485", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "206402", "score": "1.001715", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "History of ancient Israel and Judah", "text": "of \"Zion theology,\" the idea that the god of Israel had chosen Jerusalem for his dwelling-place and that the Davidic dynasty would reign there forever. The fall of the city and the end of Davidic kingship forced the leaders of the exile community – kings, priests, scribes and prophets – to reformulate the concepts of community, faith and politics. The exile community in Babylon thus became the source of significant portions of the Hebrew Bible: Isaiah 40–55; Ezekiel; the final version of Jeremiah; the work of the hypothesized priestly source in the Pentateuch; and the final form of the history", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183399", "score": "0.99834555", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Kingdom of Judah", "text": "deported to Babylon and those who made their way to Egypt and the remnant that remained in the land and in surrounding countries is subject to academic debate. The Book of Jeremiah reports that 4600 were exiled to Babylonia. The Books of Kings suggest that it was ten thousand, and later eight thousand. In 539 BCE the Achaemenid Empire conquered Babylonia and allowed the exiles to return to Yehud Medinata and rebuild the Temple, which was completed in the sixth year of Darius (515 BCE) () under Zerubbabel, the grandson of the second to last king of Judah, Jeconiah. Yehud", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "235624", "score": "0.9982922", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Sephardi Jews", "text": "first exiles driven away from the land of Israel during the Babylonian captivity refused to return, for they had seen that the Second Temple would be destroyed like the first. In yet another teaching, passed down later by Moses ben Machir in the 16th century, an explicit reference is made to the fact that Jews have lived in Spain since the destruction of the First Temple: Now, I have heard that this praise, \"emet weyaṣiv\" [which is now used by us in the prayer rite] was sent by the exiles who were driven away from Jerusalem and who were not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1324236", "score": "0.9919399", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Second Temple", "text": "governor Zerubbabel. However, during the reign of Herod the Great, the Second Temple was completely refurbished, and the original structure was totally overhauled into the large and magnificent edifices and facades that are more recognizable. Much like the Babylonians destroyed the First Temple, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple and Jerusalem in 70 CE as retaliation for an ongoing Jewish revolt. Jewish eschatology includes a belief that the Second Temple will be replaced by a future Third Temple. The accession of Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in 559 BCE made the re-establishment of the city of Jerusalem and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777259", "score": "0.98761165", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Genealogy of Jesus", "text": "who led the Jews back from Babylon about 520 BC, governed Judah, and rebuilt the temple. Several times he is called a son of Shealtiel. He appears once in the genealogies in the \"Book of Chronicles\", where his descendants are traced for several generations, but the passage has a number of difficulties. While the Septuagint text here gives his father as Shealtiel, the Masoretic text instead substitutes Shealtiel's brother Pedaiah—both sons of King Jeconiah, according to the passage. Some, accepting the Masoretic reading, suppose that Pedaiah begot a son for Shealtiel through a levirate marriage, but most scholars now accept", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4921647", "score": "0.98686147", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Iran–Israel relations", "text": "wrote that \"appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control.\" According to the Bible, Cyrus ordered rebuilding the Second Temple in the same place as the first; however, he died before it was completed. Darius the Great came to power in the Persian empire and ordered the completion of the temple. According to the Bible, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah urged this work. The temple was ready for consecration in the spring of 515 BCE, more than twenty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6337668", "score": "0.9854624", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel", "text": "the end of Davidic kingship forced the leaders of the exile community – kings, priests, scribes and prophets – to reformulate the concepts of community, faith and politics. The exile community in Babylon thus became the source of significant portions of the Hebrew Bible: Isaiah 40–55, Ezekiel, the final version of Jeremiah, the work of the Priestly source in the Pentateuch, and the final form of the history of Israel from Deuteronomy to 2 Kings Theologically, they were responsible for the doctrines of individual responsibility and universalism (the concept that one god controls the entire world), and for the increased", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9039896", "score": "0.9851228", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Messianic Judaism", "text": "Judah\" in scripture refers to Jews, while \"the House of Israel\" refers to the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, or Ephraim. Where scripture states the House of Israel and Judah will again be \"one stick\" (), it is believed to be referring to the End Times, immediately prior to the Second Coming, when many of those descended from Israel will come back to Israel. Advocates of this theology postulate that the reason so many \"gentiles\" are converting to Messianic Judaism is that the vast majority of them are truly Israelites. Like One Law groups, the Two House movement has many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "786963", "score": "0.9822422", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Second Temple Judaism", "text": "ancient royal line, or in Zerubbabel and the first High Priest, Joshua (Zechariah writes of two messiahs, one royal and the other priestly). These early hopes were dashed (Zerubabbel disappeared from the historical record, although the High Priests continued to be descended from Joshua), and thereafter there are merely general references to a Messiah of (meaning descended from) David. Wisdom, or \"hokmah\", implied the learning acquired by study and formal education: \"those who can read and write, those who have engaged in study, and who know literature, are the wise \"par excellence\"\" (Grabbe, 2010, p.48). The literature associated with this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622142", "score": "0.9802077", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Second Temple", "text": "The Second Temple also included many of the original vessels of gold that had been taken by the Babylonians but restored by Cyrus the Great. According to the Babylonian Talmud (\"Yoma\" 22b), however, the Temple lacked the \"Shekinah\", the dwelling or settling divine presence of God, and the \"Ruach HaKodesh\", the Spirit of Holiness, present in the first. Traditional rabbinic literature state that the Second Temple stood for 420 years and based on the 2nd-century work \"Seder Olam Rabbah\", placed construction in 350 BCE (3408 AM), 166 years later than secular estimates, and destruction in 70 CE (3829 AM). The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "777268", "score": "0.9791875", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Biblical Hebrew", "text": "Babylonian captivity and Solomon's Temple was destroyed. Later the Persians made Judah a province and permitted Jewish exiles to return and rebuild the Temple. According to the \"Gemara\", Hebrew of this period was similar to Imperial Aramaic; in Pesahim, Tractate 87b, Hanina bar Hama said that God sent the exiled Jews to Babylon because \"[the Babylonian] language is akin to the \"Leshon Hakodesh\"\". Aramaic became the common language in the north, in Galilee and Samaria. Hebrew remained in use in Judah; however the returning exiles brought back Aramaic influence, and Aramaic was used for communicating with other ethnic groups during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3350952", "score": "0.97879076", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Prophecy of Seventy Weeks", "text": "a second revolt in 586 BCE, he destroyed the city of Jerusalem along with the Temple of Solomon, carrying away much of the population to Babylon. Accordingly, the subsequent period from 586 BCE to 538 BCE is known as the Babylonian exile, which came to an end when Babylon was conquered by the Persian king Cyrus the Great, who allowed the Jewish exiles to return to Judah via his famous edict of restoration. The Persian period, in turn, came to an end in the first half of the fourth century BCE following the arrival of Alexander the Great, whose vast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5117634", "score": "0.9777257", "original_retrieval_index": 52 } ]

{ "title": "Babylonian captivity", "long_answer": "Despite warnings by Jeremiah and others of the pro-Babylonian party, Zedekiah revolted against Babylon and entered into an alliance with Pharaoh Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar returned, defeated the Egyptians, and again besieged Jerusalem, resulting in the city's destruction in 587 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the city wall and the Temple, together with the houses of the most important citizens. Zedekiah and his sons were captured, the sons were executed in front of Zedekiah, who was then blinded and taken to Babylon with many others (Jer 52:10–11). Judah became a Babylonian province, called Yehud, putting an end to the independent Kingdom of Judah. (Because of the missing years in the Jewish calendar, rabbinic sources place the date of the destruction of the First Temple at 3338 HC (423 BCE) or 3358 HC (403 BCE)).", "chunked_long_answer": "Despite warnings by Jeremiah and others of the pro-Babylonian party, Zedekiah revolted against Babylon and entered into an alliance with Pharaoh Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar returned, defeated the Egyptians, and again besieged Jerusalem, resulting in the city's destruction in 587 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the city wall and the Temple, together with the houses of the most important citizens. Zedekiah and his sons were captured, the sons were executed in front of Zedekiah, who was then blinded and taken to Babylon with many others (Jer 52:10–11). Judah became a Babylonian province, called Yehud, putting an end to the independent Kingdom of Judah. (Because", "short_answers": [ "Nebuchadnezzar" ] }

[ "in Cherry Hill" ]

[ { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "Investment banker Harold Lee is persuaded by his colleagues to do their work while they leave for the weekend. Kumar Patel attends a medical school interview, but intentionally botches it to prevent getting accepted. Harold is attracted to his neighbor, Maria, but is unable to admit his feelings. After smoking marijuana with Kumar, and seeing an advertisement for White Castle, the pair decide to get hamburgers. After traveling to the nearest White Castle in New Brunswick, they find it replaced by \"Burger Shack\" but learn of another White Castle in Cherry Hill.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "ride it to White Castle, but Harold goes unconscious after hitting his head on a branch. After encountering a group of extreme sports punks who have been harassing the pair, Harold and Kumar steal their truck. A police officer spots the speeding truck and chases them. They are trapped when they reach the edge of a cliff. Spotting the White Castle below, Harold and Kumar use a hang glider from the truck to reach their destination. The pair place their orders but are disheartened to find they have no money. Harris suddenly appears, and pays for their meal as an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532275", "score": "1.5902429", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle is a 2004 American stoner comedy film and the first installment of the \"Harold & Kumar\" series. The film was written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg, and directed by Danny Leiner. The story follows Harold Lee (John Cho) and Kumar Patel (Kal Penn) as they decide to go to the fast food chain White Castle after smoking marijuana, but end up on a series of comical misadventures along the way. The film also features Fred Willard, Paula Garcés, Anthony Anderson, Dan Bochart, Ethan Embry, Jamie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532270", "score": "1.5557055", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "character is portrayed by John Cho in all three films. In \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\", Harold is a hard-working man from the northern part of New Jersey. His lazy best friend and roommate is Kumar Patel. At times, Harold lets go of his obligations, but only during moments of extreme coercion, to the point where he amazes his laid-back friend Kumar. Harold is the yin to Kumar's yang, with the both of them being united through their enjoyment of cannabis smoking after a long day's work and or leisurely fun (such as aboard an airplane in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243788", "score": "1.5065374", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "disgust. Kumar picks up a hitchhiker, Neil Patrick Harris, who is high on ecstasy. Harold and Kumar go into a convenience store to get directions and Harris drives away in their car. The duo are then harassed by a racist police officer for jaywalking. Harold attempts to punch Kumar for antagonizing the officer, but ends up punching the officer instead, resulting in his arrest. Kumar fakes a 911 call to distract the police and breaks into the station to free Harold. After Harold and Kumar flee the pair encounters an escaped cheetah. After smoking marijuana with it, they decide to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532274", "score": "1.5015676", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "badges to obtain medical marijuana, but after being mistaken for his brother, Kumar is forced to perform surgery on a gunshot victim and, after the surgery, the patient tells them how to reach White Castle. Kumar spots Maria at a movie theatre, and decides to get her attention so Harold can talk to her, but Harold panics and crashes the car. They are rescued by Freakshow, a tow-truck driver, who takes them to his house to repair their car. Harold and Kumar are propositioned by Freakshow's surprisingly alluring wife, but after Freakshow suggests a foursome, Harold and Kumar flee in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532273", "score": "1.4946843", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "as himself in the script without asking him first. Harris liked the script and agreed to appear in the film. During casting, both Kal Penn and actor Sendhil Ramamurthy were being considered for the role of Kumar. After auditioning seven times, Penn eventually won the part. \"Harold & Kumar\" began filming on May 12, 2003. The film is set in New Jersey, but was mainly filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Scenes set at Princeton University were actually filmed at the University of Toronto's Victoria College and Knox College. The production design team had to build a White Castle franchise especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532279", "score": "1.4765723", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "apology for stealing their car. Kumar realizes he wants to be a doctor, but is afraid of conforming to the stereotype of Indians becoming doctors. Harold then notices his co-workers pull up with two women and gets angry at them because they said they had to work with clients but were actually out partying. He tells them off and threatens to get them fired and humiliated if it happens again. After returning to their apartment they encounter Maria. Harold professes his feelings for her and they kiss. She informs Harold that she is leaving for Amsterdam but will return in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532276", "score": "1.4593899", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "events of Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, Harold Lee and Kumar Patel fly to Amsterdam so Harold can pursue a budding romance with his vacationing neighbor. The pair run into Vanessa, Kumar's ex-girlfriend, and her fiancé Colton, another old college buddy who helped Harold with getting a job at Brewster-Keagan, at the airport. During the plane flight, an elderly woman sees Kumar lighting a hand-crafted smokeless bong, who thinks that it is a bomb, and screams \"Terrorist!\". After a confusion of the words \"bong\" and \"bomb\", two undercover air marshals tackle Kumar, who accidentally drops the bong on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243783", "score": "1.4560187", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "Kumar trying to get to Amsterdam to find Maria, but when the two are mistaken for terrorists on the plane, they are sent to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. Both Hurwitz and Schlossberg announced plans to write a third \"Harold and Kumar\" film, with Greg Shapiro returning as producer, and Kal Penn and John Cho returning in their title roles, while Todd Strauss-Schulson directed the film. \"A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas\", was released on November 4, 2011 in 2D and 3D. Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle is a 2004", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532284", "score": "1.4540222", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "ten days. Kumar convinces Harold to go with him to Amsterdam to pursue Maria, reminding him that marijuana is legal in the Netherlands. While living in Los Angeles, screenwriters Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg decided to write a low-budget stoner film and base the main characters on their high school friends from Randolph High School. They based the character of Harold on their real-life friend Harold Lee. Hurwitz got the idea to base the film around White Castle from his own experience craving White Castle burgers when he lived in Pennsylvania for several years. At the time, Pennsylvania did not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532277", "score": "1.4410776", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "Harold & Kumar Harold & Kumar is the name for a series of American stoner comedy films starring John Cho (Harold) and Kal Penn (Kumar). The first film, \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\", was released on July 30, 2004, by New Line Cinema and spawned a sequel titled \"Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay\", released four years later. \"A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas\", the third installment of the series, opened nationwide in the U.S. on November 4, 2011. The three films, produced on a total budget of US$40 million, grossed $116 million worldwide. In addition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243781", "score": "1.4135683", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "Kennedy, Bobby Lee, Christopher Meloni, Ryan Reynolds, Shaun Majumder, David Krumholtz, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Malin Åkerman, and Neil Patrick Harris, who plays a fictionalized version of himself. Investment banker Harold Lee is persuaded by his colleagues to do their work while they leave for the weekend. Meanwhile, Kumar Patel attends a medical school interview, but intentionally botches it to prevent getting accepted. Harold is attracted to his neighbor, Maria, but is unable to admit his feelings. After smoking marijuana with Kumar, and seeing an advertisement for White Castle, the pair decide to get hamburgers to satisfy their hunger. After traveling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532271", "score": "1.4027901", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "promotions in tandem with the film's release. The restaurant chain featured beverage cups with pictures of Harold and Kumar. They also provided free hamburgers to moviegoers attending the film's premiere. Cho and Penn were inducted into the company's White Castle Cravers Hall of Fame in 2004. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $5,480,378 in 2,135 theatres in the United States and Canada. In total it had a worldwide gross of $23,936,908. The film was positively received by critics, with a 74% rating at Rotten Tomatoes based on 147 reviews; the consensus states, \"The likable leads and subversion of racial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532281", "score": "1.3881146", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "Harold that arrived at their old apartment. Inside the package is a marijuana joint, which winds up burning down Harold's Christmas tree; after an eventful night of looking for a replacement tree, it is revealed that the package was a gift from Santa Claus, who wanted the two to become friends again. Kumar Patel is an Indian American student residing in New Jersey. His family includes his father and brother Saikat Patel. The character was created by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg, and is portrayed by Kal Penn in all three films. In \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243791", "score": "1.356204", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "building as Harold and Kumar. They declined to go to White Castle with Harold and Kumar as they chose Hot Dog Heaven instead, but in the third movie did go to White Castle. In the third movie, Goldstein has a son named Christian and stated he had converted to Christianity after marrying his wife, and even wished to uncircumcise himself, which all aggravated Rosenberg who still practices Judaism. Harold & Kumar Harold & Kumar is the name for a series of American stoner comedy films starring John Cho (Harold) and Kal Penn (Kumar). The first film, \"Harold & Kumar Go", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243797", "score": "1.354793", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "to their box office grosses, the films were successful on home video. The series has been released on both Blu-ray and DVD. Harold Lee and Kumar Patel are two Asian-American (Korean and Indian) stoners who get the munchies and embark on a quest throughout New Jersey for White Castle burgers after seeing them advertised on TV. On their way they encounter many obstacles, including a gang of extreme sports punks, a raccoon with an attitude, a group of Asian nerds, a racist police department, a cheetah that has escaped from a zoo, and an out-of-control Neil Patrick Harris. Following the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243782", "score": "1.3508093", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "for the shoot since Canada does not have White Castle restaurants. During filming, Penn ate veggie burgers as he is a vegetarian. \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle: Original Soundtrack\" was released on July 27, 2004. It contains 16 songs from the film. Songs that are in the film but do not appear on the soundtrack include: In the 11 days before the film's release, New Line Cinema turned a parking lot on Sunset Strip into a temporary White Castle. The restaurant served 40,000 burgers to patrons, including Quentin Tarantino, Farah Fawcett and Jay Leno. White Castle launched several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532280", "score": "1.3348998", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay", "text": "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay is a 2008 American stoner comedy film, and the second installment of the \"Harold & Kumar\" series. The film was written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. The story continues where \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\" leaves off, with Harold Lee (John Cho) and Kumar Patel (Kal Penn) flying to Amsterdam, but they are imprisoned after being mistaken for terrorists, and end up on a series of comical misadventures when they escape from Guantanamo Bay. The film also stars Paula Garcés, Neil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6665456", "score": "1.3310814", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay", "text": "Very Harold & Kumar Christmas\" was released on November 4, 2011. Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay is a 2008 American stoner comedy film, and the second installment of the \"Harold & Kumar\" series. The film was written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. The story continues where \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\" leaves off, with Harold Lee (John Cho) and Kumar Patel (Kal Penn) flying to Amsterdam, but they are imprisoned after being mistaken for terrorists, and end up on a series of comical misadventures when they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6665469", "score": "1.2815549", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "a making-of featurette about the Land of Burgers animated segment. The DVD also features two commentaries: one by writers Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg and one by actor Dan Bochart in character as Extreme Sports Punk #1. The film was re-released on DVD in 2007 and a remastered edition was released in 2008. The film was released on Blu-ray on November 13, 2012. As of August 17, 2008, the film had 2,878,770 DVD sales in the United States, grossing $30,609,751. \"Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay\" is the 2008 sequel to \"White Castle\". The movie revolves around Harold and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532283", "score": "1.2809435", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "stereotypes elevate Harold and Kumar above the typical stoner comedy.\" Film critic Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" awarded the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote \"One secret of fiction is the creation of unique characters who are precisely defined. The secret of comedy is the same, with the difference being that the characters must be obsessed with unwholesome but understandable human desires.\" The \"Extreme Unrated\" edition of the DVD was released on January 4, 2005. It includes special features like a mockumentary, \"The Art of the Fart,\" \"The Backseat Interview,\" an interview with Cho and Penn, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532282", "score": "1.2727829", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Biriyani (film)", "text": "in Hindi as \"Dum Biryani\" by Goldmines Telefilms in 2016. The fim received mixed to positive reviews and was a box office success. The movie was reported to be based on the 2004 American movie \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\". The movie starts with Sugan (Karthi) and his friend Parasuram (Premgi Amaren) being chased by cops. The flashback shows Sugan as a womaniser who has a weakness for Biryani and Parasuram who is his childhood friend. Sugans womaniser attitude always gets him into a fight with his girlfriend Priyanka (Hansika Motwani). Sugan and Parasuram attending a function for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16612051", "score": "1.239491", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay", "text": "Patrick Harris, Jon Reep, Rob Corddry, Ed Helms, David Krumholtz, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Jack Conley, Roger Bart, Danneel Harris, Eric Winter, Adam Herschman, and Richard Christy. The film was released on April 25, 2008 by Warner Bros.; this film was the first New Line Cinema title to be distributed by Warner Bros. since New Line Cinema became a division of Warner Bros. It is also the first \"Harold & Kumar\" film made in association with Mandate Pictures. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on July 29, 2008. After returning home from White Castle, Harold Lee and Kumar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6665457", "score": "1.2166739", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "text": "have any White Castle locations and Hurwitz had to have family members bring him frozen White Castle burgers from New Jersey. The filmmakers received permission from White Castle in 2002 to use the chain's name in the film. One scene that depicted a White Castle being closed was changed at the request of the company's director of marketing. The film was also supposed to feature a hunt for Krispy Kreme donuts, but the food was changed to hotdogs when Krispy Kreme refused to allow the film to use their name. Hurwitz and Schlossberg included a role for Neil Patrick Harris", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3532278", "score": "1.2161223", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay", "text": "not on the soundtrack album, include: Hurwitz and Schlossberg—who wrote the original \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\"—were to direct the follow-up from their original script. On January 31, 2007, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" announced that David Krumholtz, Neil Patrick Harris, Rob Corddry, Christopher Meloni, Ed Helms, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Paula Garces, Jack Conley, Roger Bart, Danneel Harris, and Eric Winter will join John Cho and Kal Penn in \"Harold & Kumar 2\". Filming began in the third week of January 2007 in Shreveport, Louisiana. Filming concluded in March 2007, after which Kal Penn was able to start guest teaching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6665462", "score": "1.2012191", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "Kumar tests out his \"smokeless bong\" in the airplane lavatory. Then the two are sent to Guantanamo Bay where they are involved in a series of comedic events. In one of Kumar's flashbacks, it is revealed that Harold used to be an emo and Kumar was a hard working mathematically proficient nerd in college, therefore it is almost as if they swapped personalities later on. In \"A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas\", Harold is married to Maria and hasn't spoken to Kumar in years. The two are reunited and rekindle their friendship after Kumar brings over a package for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243790", "score": "1.196482", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas", "text": "and burn it down. Harold learns that Kumar's new friend Adrian is attending a party with a Fraser Fir Christmas tree, and promises to drive him to the party on the condition that he can have the tree. Harold, Kumar, Adrian, and Todd (Harold's new best friend) arrive at the party, where a girl named Mary attempts to seduce Harold. It turns out that Mary is the daughter of a Russian mob kingpin named Sergei Katsov, who sends two of his men to kill Harold and Kumar, believing that they were trying to rape his daughter. The duo make it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15507630", "score": "1.1714517", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas", "text": "House on June 1, 2010 to reprise his role as Kumar in the third Harold & Kumar installment. Filming took place in Detroit, Michigan, then Los Angeles and New York City from June to August 2010, with the use of Panavision Genesis and Element Technica 3D Rig. The film was released in RealD 3D on November 4, 2011. Animators of Laika created the clay animation scene. After filming was completed, Penn returned to the White House. Cho and Penn went on a tour to promote the film in different college towns. At each stop they had a bus hand out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15507635", "score": "1.1707692", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Harold & Kumar", "text": "sequel, and an after work \"Friday night special\" in the first film). Harold's romantic life centers around John Hughes-like fancies (as is evidenced by his obsession with film classics such as \"Sixteen Candles\"). Harold thinks that he'll wind up with a similarly repressed Korean-American young woman—Cindy Kim—who isn't as repressed as he thinks. The true object of Harold's desire, however, is Maria Perez (played by Paula Garces), who lives down the hall from him in his building. In \"Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay\", when embarking on their trip to Amsterdam they are arrested on the flight there after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11243789", "score": "1.1413367", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "long_answer": "Investment banker Harold Lee is persuaded by his colleagues to do their work while they leave for the weekend. Kumar Patel attends a medical school interview, but intentionally botches it to prevent getting accepted. Harold is attracted to his neighbor, Maria, but is unable to admit his feelings. After smoking marijuana with Kumar, and seeing an advertisement for White Castle, the pair decide to get hamburgers. After traveling to the nearest White Castle in New Brunswick, they find it replaced by \"Burger Shack\" but learn of another White Castle in Cherry Hill.", "chunked_long_answer": "Investment banker Harold Lee is persuaded by his colleagues to do their work while they leave for the weekend. Kumar Patel attends a medical school interview, but intentionally botches it to prevent getting accepted. Harold is attracted to his neighbor, Maria, but is unable to admit his feelings. After smoking marijuana with Kumar, and seeing an advertisement for White Castle, the pair decide to get hamburgers. After traveling to the nearest White Castle in New Brunswick, they find it replaced by \"Burger Shack\" but learn of another White Castle in Cherry Hill.", "short_answers": [ "in Cherry Hill" ] }

[ "1975" ]

[ { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "The Child Benefit Bill was introduced in 1975 by Barbara Castle, introducing for the first time a universal payment, paid for each child, doubling the number of children within its scope. Like the family allowance, which it replaced, the new benefit was not means tested; an attempt by the Callaghan government to introduce this was thwarted in 1976 when cabinet papers were leaked to the Child Poverty Action Group.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "and from October 1956, by the Family Allowances Act and National Insurance Act 1956, to 8\"s\" for the second child with 10\"s\" (= £0.50) for the third and subsequent children. By 1955, some 5,000,000 allowances were being paid, to about 3,250,000 families. It was modified in 1977, with the payments being termed \"child benefit\" and given for the eldest child as well as the younger ones; by 1979 it was worth £4 per child per week. In 1991, the system was further altered, with a higher payment now given for the first child than for their younger siblings. In October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336327", "score": "1.203734", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "child benefit, payable for the first child only, was introduced in 1991. This was £1 higher than the rate payable for subsequent children, which was again frozen, at £7.25/week. From 1991 Child Benefit increased in line with inflation, until 1998, when the new Labour government increased the first child rate by more than 20%, and abolished the Lone Parent rate. Rates increased again in line with inflation until 2010, since which time they have been frozen. Effective from 7 January 2013, Child Benefit, a universal benefit since its introduction, became means tested - those earning more than £50,000 per year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206721", "score": "1.1950101", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "2010, the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government announced that Child Benefit would be withdrawn from households containing a higher-rate taxpayer from January 2013. After some controversy, this was amended so that any household with at least one person with prescribed income over £50,000 would lose Child Benefit by a taper which removed it altogether when the income reached £60,000. This came into force on 7 January 2013. Today, child benefit is administered by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). As of April 2015, this is £20.70 per week for the first child (including the eldest of a multiple birth) and £13.70", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336328", "score": "1.1542678", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "the rejected previous Heath government's Tax Credit proposal that would have replaced PAYE, integrating tax and benefits. Child benefits introduced for the first time a universal payment, paid for each child, doubling the number of children within its scope. Like the family allowance, which it replaced, the new benefit was not means tested; an attempt by the Callaghan government to introduce this was thwarted in 1976 when cabinet papers were leaked to the Child Poverty Action Group. The rate payable was £1/week for the first and £1.50 for each subsequent child. An addition 50p was payable to lone-parent families. Unlike", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206719", "score": "1.1032215", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom Child benefits in the United Kingdom are a series of welfare payments and tax credits made to parents with children in the UK, a major part of the welfare state. The first modern child tax credit was introduced in the 1909 'People's Budget' of Lloyd-George. This introduced a £10 income tax allowance per child, for tax payers earning under £500 per annum. Following extensive Parliamentary debate, the Budget became law as the Finance Act (1909–1910) 1910 on 29 April 1910. Since the income tax rate was then 1 shilling, two pence in the pound", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206712", "score": "1.0782113", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Child's Special Allowance", "text": "rate of £8.05 per eligible child. Payments continued for existing beneficiaries under the scheme of transitional protection. Child's Special Allowance Child's Special Allowance was a payment under the United Kingdom system of Social Security. It was instituted by Harold Macmillan in 1959 for the orphaned children of divorced parents, It was a Contributory non-means tested benefit, paid in addition to Child benefit to a divorced woman whose husband had died, whose ex-partner had been paying maintenance and who had not got a new partner. It was not taxable, but was taken into account for meanstested benefits. It was abolished, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19185897", "score": "1.0579786", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "sole parents - particularly families with children under 5 years of age. In a couple, if the secondary earner's income is above $1,616 a year, payments are reduced by 30 cents for every extra dollar of income. Parents receive therefore some Family Tax Benefit Part B if the secondary earner's income is below $10,416 a year if the youngest child is under 5 years of age, or $7,786 a year if the youngest child is between 5 and 18 years of age. There is no income test on the primary earner's income, so in the case of sole parents the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336310", "score": "1.0508783", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "the family allowance, provision was made for the rate to be uprated, at the Secretary of State's discretion, each year. By the end of 1978 the rate had been increased to £3/week for each child, with an additional £2/week payable to lone-parent families. In 1979 the Child Tax Allowance was removed, the value of the allowance taken up in higher child benefit payments, now £4/week, plus £2.50/week extra for lone-parent families. Child benefit rates were uprated roughly in line with inflation until 1988, but subsequently was frozen until 1990, in order to curb welfare spending. A new higher rate of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206720", "score": "1.0500126", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Widowed Mother's Allowance", "text": "was taken into account in full for all benefits. There was an addition of £11.35 a week for each child after the first, for whom £9.55 was payable. Widowed Mother's Allowance Widowed Mother’s Allowance was part of the United Kingdom system of Social Security benefits. It was established under the National Insurance Act 1946 and abolished and replaced by Widowed Parent's Allowance in 2001. William Beveridge's view was: \"There is no reason why a childless widow should get a pension for life; if she is able to work, she should work. On the other hand, provision much better than at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17769700", "score": "1.0435739", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Child's Special Allowance", "text": "Child's Special Allowance Child's Special Allowance was a payment under the United Kingdom system of Social Security. It was instituted by Harold Macmillan in 1959 for the orphaned children of divorced parents, It was a Contributory non-means tested benefit, paid in addition to Child benefit to a divorced woman whose husband had died, whose ex-partner had been paying maintenance and who had not got a new partner. It was not taxable, but was taken into account for meanstested benefits. It was abolished, as far as new claims were concerned, in April 1987. At that point it was paid at a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19185896", "score": "1.0414244", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "would have part of their benefit withdrawn, and if earning over £60,000, would receive nothing at all. The charge was based on individual, not household income, hence two earners on £49,999 would receive full child benefit, while one earner earning £60,000 would receive none. The following are the rates that apply as of March 2017. Child benefits in the United Kingdom Child benefits in the United Kingdom are a series of welfare payments and tax credits made to parents with children in the UK, a major part of the welfare state. The first modern child tax credit was introduced in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206722", "score": "1.0382819", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Widowed Mother's Allowance", "text": "the time because he or she was abroad when the husband died. The amount was £77.45 a week in 2004 if the husband’s contribution record was sufficient. It was possible to get a reduced rate of benefit and an earnings-related component. The benefit lasted as long as the children qualified her for it. The main benefit was taxable but the increase for children wasn’t. The husband must have paid at least 52 times the minimum National Insurance contributions in any tax year before he died, and he must have paid contributions for sufficient years out of his working life. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17769699", "score": "1.0337029", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "common to count them together as a kind of \"child benefit\". Child Benefit (\"Sochar Leanaí\") is payable to parents of children under 16 years of age, or under 18 years of age if they are in full-time education, Youthreach training or has a disability. The payment is paid by the Department of Social Protection. The monthly payments are as follows: Multiple births are a special case. In the event of twins, 150% of the monthly payment is paid for each child. Triplets, or more, are paid the double (200%) rate each; provided that all of them remain qualified (i.e. stay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336316", "score": "1.0317366", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Baby bonus", "text": "of $5,000 for their 1st child, $10,000 for their second child, and $20,000 per child for all subsequent children. PTR can be used to offset the income tax payable. Any unutilized balance is automatically carried forward to offset the future income tax payable. Any credit balance remaining is not refundable. This rebate may be shared with the spouse. Baby bonus A baby bonus is a government payment to parents of a newborn baby or adopted child to assist with the costs of childrearing. The government of Andrew Fisher introduced a baby bonus of £5 per child in late 1912. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11093481", "score": "1.0299807", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "for various levels of family allowance. These were not immediately adopted, and following the publication of the Beveridge Report, which called for subsistence levels of payments, uprated with the cost of living, the Family Allowances Act 1945 was passed. This provide for a five shilling per week payment for each child, after the first. This was designed to support large families, and was set well below the nine shilling a week subsistence level (further devalued by inflation) recommended by Beveridge. In 1952 the rate was increased to eight shillings per week. In 1956 the rate for the third and subsequent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206715", "score": "1.0295225", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Labour government, 1964–1970", "text": "fell by 13% in real terms between 1964 and 1969. In addition, tax allowances were reduced in 1968 to pay in part for increases in family allowances, and despite inflation were not increased again until 1971. Family allowances were increased for the fourth and subsequent children from 50p to 75p per week in October 1966, and then in April 1967 to 75p for the second child and 85p for each subsequent child. According to one writer, however, this policy did not help single mothers with only one child, Supplementary Benefit payments were reduced \"by the amount of this increase,\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6067018", "score": "1.0223879", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Welfare in Finland", "text": "to those parents who stayed at home to care for small children or who had engaged someone else to do so. A child maintenance allowance is paid when a court-ordered maintenance payment for a child of divorced parents was not being paid. A maternity benefit, based on legislation of the 1930s, was paid for each pregnancy. It came either as a grant or as a much more valuable set of materials, the maternity package, needed to tend a child. It was withheld if the mother did not visit a clinic by the fifth month of pregnancy. In addition to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14791350", "score": "1.0205737", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Two-child policy", "text": "the Conservative Party Iain Duncan Smith. In April 2015, David Cameron denied any such plans to cut child benefits or tax credits. However, three months later, George Osborne, the then Finance Minister, announced that child tax credits would be limited to the first two children only. This was to come into force from the 2017/2018 financial year and apply to children born after that date only. From February 2019 however the policy becomes retrospective. Families making a new benefit claim (or whose circumstances change) will have the 2-child policy applied to them irrespective of when their children were born. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12982294", "score": "1.0112678", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Welfare in New Zealand", "text": "many women gained their first ever independent source of household income. The family benefit was increased to 15 shillings per week per child in 1958–59, and was able to be capitalised up to a maximum of £1000 when buying, altering, or paying off a home from 1959–60. Universal payment of the Family Benefit was abolished to target families most in need and Family Benefit capitalisation limits for first-home seekers were increased (1985). A new family support benefit (introduced as the family care benefit in 1984) raised the incomes of some poor families. In 1986 the guaranteed minimum family benefit was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9185672", "score": "1.0101607", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Family Credit", "text": "there are one or two adults) of £47.65, plus an amount for each child: If the family’s net income, not including Child Benefit, Maternity Allowance or One Parent Benefit is £77.15 or less than they got the maximum. Income was calculated using the same principles as for Housing Benefit, but without a disregard for earnings. Up to £60 was deductible for the cost of childcare providing neither claimant nor partner can care for the children while working. If income is higher than this then deduct 70% of the difference from the maximum to work out entitlement. Add an extra £10.55", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17769466", "score": "1.0076756", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "payment is universal. The previous entry referred to Youth allowance and Parenting Payment. These are income support payments for young people and for parents who are not employed and looking after children respectively. The Canada child benefit (CCB) is a tax-free monthly payment made to eligible families to help them with the cost of raising children under 18 years of age. Basic benefit for July 2016 to June 2018 is calculated as: This amount is reduced for families with adjusted family net income (AFNI) over $30,000, based on AFNI and the number of children. Child benefit scheme was introduced to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336311", "score": "1.0070243", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "A, which assists with the general costs of raising children, and Family Tax Benefit Part B, which is directed to single income and sole parent families. The third programme is Child Care Benefit. The Family Tax Benefit Part A is paid for dependent children up to 20 years of age, and for dependent full-time students up to the age of 24 (who are not getting Youth Allowance or similar payments such as ABSTUDY and Veterans' Children Education Supplement). It is essentially a two-tier but integrated payment directed to most families with children, with a higher rate for lower income families,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336307", "score": "1.0000069", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Widowed Mother's Allowance", "text": "Child Benefit for a child who was either hers and her late husband’s, or a child the husband was entitled to Child Benefit for before his death, or a child of hers by an earlier marriage which ended by her being widowed, if she was living with her late husband when he died, or she was expecting a child of her late husband’s (a child conceived by artificial insemination counts if she was living with her husband after that), Or a person under 19 lives with her who would fit into the previous category, but didn’t get Child Benefit at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17769698", "score": "0.9980453", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "proposed an additional child benefit dependent on parenting activities. In Australia, Child benefit payments are currently called Family Tax Benefit. Family Tax Benefit is income tested and is linked to the Australian Income tax system. It can be claimed as fortnightly payments or as an annual lump sum. It may be payable for dependant children from birth up to the age of 24. Children 16 years or older may alternatively be eligible for Youth Allowance. Parents of dependant children under the age of 16 may also be eligible for Income Support Payments including Parenting Payment and Newstart Allowance for Primary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336305", "score": "0.99775267", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "in further education until 19). In addition, a special 'once-off' grant of €635 is paid on all multiple births. Further 'once-off' grants of €635 are paid when the children are 4 and 12 years old respectively. Fraudulent claims of Child Benefit are treated very seriously, and can result in large fines or prison for up to 3 years. The Luxembourg Government, through the \"Caisse pour l'avenir des enfants\" (Children's Future Fund), pays €265 per month per child. The allowance is universal and is not means-tested. When a child turns 6 years old, the amount increases to €285 per month. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336317", "score": "0.9970806", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage", "text": "of the leave is paid for directly by the employer at the following rates for the 39 weeks: (a) the first 6 weeks—90% of their average weekly earnings (AWE) before tax and (b) the remaining 33 weeks—£136.78 or 90% of their AWE (whichever is lower). Tax and National Insurance need to be deducted from the leave payments. In announcing the changes in November 2013 Deputy Prime Minister Nicholas Clegg said \"We want to create a fairer society that gives parents the flexibility to choose how they share care for their child in the first year after birth. We need to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16314981", "score": "0.9956069", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Child benefit", "text": "eligible for almost all of them. One of them is called \"family allowance\" (\"\") which is corresponding to the social program in other countries under the name \"child benefit\". Its amount depends on the number of children. For families with one child it is 12,200 HUF, for families with two children 13,300 HUF and for families with three or more children it is 16,000 HUF per child per month. For single parents (parents who are raising their children alone) the amount of \"family allowance\" is 1,500 HUF more in the first and second categories and 1,000 HUF more in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2336313", "score": "0.994854", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Maternity Allowance", "text": "of being entitled. No benefit is payable for any day worked. You must have worked for at least 26 weeks out of the 66 weeks ending with the 15th week before your baby is due and been earning at least £30 a week over any 13 week period You cannot get this together with any other Contributory Benefit or Jobseeker's Allowance. It counts in full as income for Income Support or Housing Benefit, but it is ignored for Tax Credits. If you cannot get Maternity Allowance you might get Employment and Support Allowance. Maternity Allowance Maternity Allowance is a United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17762923", "score": "0.99187064", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "text": "Conservative government of Edward Heath, following a child poverty campaign, effective from August 1971, and provided for a payment to families on low wages. Claimants were required to provide payslips, to prove they were in employment, for a minimum of 24 hours per week. Takeup of the benefit was initially poor, with less than half of those eligible claiming. Rates were raised largely in line with inflation to 1979, but several above-inflation increases followed under the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. By November 1984, rates had risen to a maximum £23/week for one child, and an additional maximum of £2/week", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17206717", "score": "0.9867202", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Child benefits in the United Kingdom", "long_answer": "The Child Benefit Bill was introduced in 1975 by Barbara Castle, introducing for the first time a universal payment, paid for each child, doubling the number of children within its scope. Like the family allowance, which it replaced, the new benefit was not means tested; an attempt by the Callaghan government to introduce this was thwarted in 1976 when cabinet papers were leaked to the Child Poverty Action Group.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Child Benefit Bill was introduced in 1975 by Barbara Castle, introducing for the first time a universal payment, paid for each child, doubling the number of children within its scope. Like the family allowance, which it replaced, the new benefit was not means tested; an attempt by the Callaghan government to introduce this was thwarted in 1976 when cabinet papers were leaked to the Child Poverty Action Group.", "short_answers": [ "1975" ] }

[ "Inequality of opportunity" ]

[ { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "Inequality of opportunity was higher in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia than in some other developed economies in Western Europe (except France, where inequality of opportunity was relatively high). The highest inequality of opportunity was found in the Balkans and Central Asia. In terms of legal regulations and access to education and health services, inequality of opportunity related to gender was low in Europe and Central Asia but medium to high in respect of labour practices, employment and entrepreneurship and in access to finance. In Central Asia women also experienced significant lack of access", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Socialist economics", "text": "buy goods and services from other CMEA members. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc, many of the remaining socialist states presiding over centrally planned economies began introducing reforms that shifted their economies away from centralized planning. In Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR the transition from a planned economy to a market economy was accompanied by the transformation of the socialist mode of production to a capitalist mode of production. In Asia (China, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam) and in Cuba market mechanisms were introduced by the ruling communist parties and the planning system", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18107170", "score": "1.1812794", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Michał Rutkowski", "text": "economic and social transition to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union, with a particular emphasis on labor market adjustments and social security system reforms. Before joining the Polish government on leave from the World Bank in 1996, he was closely associated with early work on pension reforms in the Baltic States, Ukraine and Bulgaria, as well as with the reforms of the fiscal federalism in the Russian Federation (see \"Federal Transfers in Russia and their Impact on Regional Revenues and Incomes\", with Ph. Le Houerou, \"Comparative Economic Studies\", 1996 (vol. XXXVIII), No. 2/3 (Summer/Fall),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12865433", "score": "1.1658901", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "much more than expected. The decline in output lasted until 1992-96 for all transition economies. By 1994, economic output had declined across all transition economies by 41 percent compared to its 1989 level. The Central and Eastern European economies began growing again around 1993, with Poland, which had begun its transition programme earliest emerging from recession in 1992. The Baltic States came out of recession in 1994 and the rest of the former Soviet Union around 1996. Inflation remained above 20 percent a year (except in the Czech Republic and Hungary) until the mid-1990s. Across all transition economies the peak", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571912", "score": "1.1546758", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "transition economies. The UN Development Programme calculated that overall poverty in Eastern Europe and the CIS increased from 4 percent of the population in 1988 to 32 percent by 1994, or from 14 million people to 119 million. Unemployment and rates of economic inactivity were still high in the late 1990s according to survey data. By 2007, the year before the global financial crisis hit, the index for GDP had reached 112 compared to 100 in 1989 for the transition economies. In other words, it took nearly 20 years to restore the level of output that had existed prior to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571918", "score": "1.1506834", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "the transition. The index of economic output (GDP) in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe was 151 in 2007; for the Balkans/ South-eastern Europe the index was 111, and for the Commonwealth of Independent States and Mongolia it was 102. Several CIS countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia as well as Moldova and Ukraine had economies that were substantially smaller than in 1989. The global recession of 2008-09 and the Eurozone crisis of 2011-13 destabilized the transition economies, reduced growth rates and increased unemployment. The slowdown hit government revenues and widened fiscal deficits but almost all transition economies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571919", "score": "1.146635", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "to the IMF, Iran is in transition to a market economy, demonstrating early stages of a transition economy. The eight first-wave accession countries, which joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia) and the two second-wave accession countries that joined on 1 January 2007 (Romania and Bulgaria) have completed the transition process. According to the World Bank, \"the transition is over\" for the 10 countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007. It can be also understood as all countries of the Eastern Bloc. \"Transition economics\" is a special branch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571930", "score": "1.0943221", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Michael Kaser", "text": "and general economic equilibrium in the USSR. In \"Planning in East Europe\" (1970) Kaser and Janusz Zieliński describe the management of industry in Eastern Europe as comprising typically several tiers of organisation: the central planning and control authorities, the enterprise or combination (or group) of enterprises, the material-technical supply organisations and the banks, and domestic retail and foreign trade organisations. The authors analyse the scope of planning and of markets, the tension between directives and competition, price-setting and the relations between managers and workers. The book covers the context and options for economic reform in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Eastern Germany,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17670925", "score": "1.0902114", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Gregory Grossman", "text": "\"Notes for a Theory of the Command Economy\". The term \"second economy\" was introduced in his another article, \"The Second Economy of the USSR\" (1977). Gregory Grossman Gregory Grossman (July 5, 1921, Kiev – August 14, 2014) was late professor emeritus at UC Berkeley, an authority on the economy of the Soviet Union. He is credited with the introduction of the terms \"second economy\" and \"command economy\". He received his undergraduate degree in economics from Berkeley in 1942 and his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1952. He spent his entire career, 1952-1993, at Berkeley. He received the lifetime", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18955925", "score": "1.0896456", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Harvard Institute for International Development", "text": "and issued updated versions in 1990 and 1992. Research published in 1989 described the effects of price controls in emerging economies in creating parallel or black markets. As Ukraine started the transition towards a market economy in the early 1990s, the HIID supported a survey on barter in transition economies. In 1993, the HIID managed an education sector assessment in El Salvador under contract from USAID, the purpose being to obtain reliable information for use in setting a national educational policy. The HIID and the Geneva-based World Economic Forum jointly produced the 1997 Global Competitiveness Report based on a late-1996", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670552", "score": "1.089342", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Eastern Bloc", "text": "German labor force remained in agriculture, 47% was in the secondary sector and only 42% in services. Once installed, the economic system was difficult to change given the importance of politically reliable management and the prestige value placed on large enterprises. Performance declined during the 1970s and 1980s due to inefficiency when industrial input costs, such as energy prices, increased. Though growth lagged behind the west, it did occur. Consumer goods started to become more available by the 1960s. Before the Eastern Bloc's dissolution, some major sectors of industry were operating at such a loss that they exported products to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "953256", "score": "1.0872769", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Economy of Europe", "text": "USSR) but it suffered from contraction in the 1990s when the inefficient heavy industry based manufacturing sector crippled after the collapse of communism and the introduction of the market economy. In the 21st century the manufacturing sector in Central and Eastern Europe picked up because of the accession of ten formerly Communist European states to the EU and resulting accession to the European Common Market. This caused firms within the European Union to move jobs from their manufacturing sector to Central European countries such as Poland (see above), which sparked both Central and Eastern European industrial growth and employment. According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3910495", "score": "1.0827917", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Post-Soviet states", "text": "of general economic stagnation, even regression. As the Gosplan, which had set up production chains to cross SSR lines, broke down, the inter-republic economic connections were also disrupted, leading to even more serious breakdown of the post-Soviet economies. Most of the formerly Soviet states began the transition to a market economy from a command economy in 1990-1991 and made efforts to rebuild and restructure their economic systems, with varying results. In all, the process triggered severe economic declines, with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dropping by more than 40% overall between 1990 and 1995. This decline in GDP was much more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4740650", "score": "1.0767514", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Europe", "text": "beginning in the 1960s in what is called the Spanish miracle. The majority of Central and Eastern European states came under the control of the Soviet Union and thus were members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). The states which retained a free-market system were given a large amount of aid by the United States under the Marshall Plan. The western states moved to link their economies together, providing the basis for the EU and increasing cross border trade. This helped them to enjoy rapidly improving economies, while those states in COMECON were struggling in a large part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111470", "score": "1.0759887", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "of the transition economies stemmed from the low level of development, decades of trade isolation and distortions in the socialist planned economies. They have emphasized that the transition strategies adopted reflected the need to resolve the economic crisis besetting the socialist planned economies and the overriding objective was the transformation to capitalist market economies rather than the fostering of economic growth and welfare. But by 2000, the EBRD was reporting that the effects of the initial starting point in each transition economy on the reform process had faded. Although the foundations had been laid for a functioning market economy through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571915", "score": "1.0709211", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "sustained liberalization, comprehensive privatization, openness to international trade and investment, and the establishment of democratic political systems there remained institutional challenges. Liberalized markets were not necessarily competitive and political freedom had not prevented powerful private interests from exercising undue influence. Ten years on, in the \"Transition Report\" for 2010, the EBRD was still finding that the quality of market-enabling institutions continued to fall short of what was necessary for well-functioning market economies. Growth in the transition economies had been driven by trade integration into the world economy with \"impressive\" export performance, and by \"rapid capital inflows and a credit boom\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571916", "score": "1.0704672", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Gregory Grossman", "text": "Gregory Grossman Gregory Grossman (July 5, 1921, Kiev – August 14, 2014) was late professor emeritus at UC Berkeley, an authority on the economy of the Soviet Union. He is credited with the introduction of the terms \"second economy\" and \"command economy\". He received his undergraduate degree in economics from Berkeley in 1942 and his Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1952. He spent his entire career, 1952-1993, at Berkeley. He received the lifetime achievement award from the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies in 1991. The term \"command economy\" was introduced in his seminal 1963 article", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18955924", "score": "1.0699011", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Adrian A. Basora", "text": "(IREX), which conducts academic and leadership exchanges between the U.S. and certain post-Communist countries. He led the Project on Democratic Transitions of the Foreign Policy Research Institute as its director from its launch in January 2005. The Project was a two-year assessment of the economic, political, and social changes in Central and Eastern Europe since the fall of communism, to see if lessons learned could improve reforms in Russia and other countries. In 2006, he published an article identifying 19 of the 28 former communist countries as \"successful\" transitions with a number of similarities He has since written more pessimistically", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12876616", "score": "1.0663004", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "of economics dealing with the transformation of a planned economy to a market economy. It has become especially important after the collapse of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. Transition economics investigates how an economy should reform itself to endorse capitalism and democracy. There are usually two sides: one which argues for a rapid transformation and one which argues for a gradual approach. Gérard Roland's book \"Transition and Economics. Politics, Markets and Firms\" (MIT Press 2000) gives a good overview of the field. A more recent overview is provided in \"Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571931", "score": "1.065534", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Revolutions of 1989", "text": "view was that there was no precedent for moving from socialism to capitalism\", and only some elderly people remembered how a market economy worked. As result the view that Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe would stay poor for decades was common. There was a temporary fall of output in the official economy and an increase in black market economic activity. Countries implemented different reform programs. One example, generally regarded as successful was the \"shock therapy\" Balcerowicz Plan in Poland. Eventually the official economy began to grow. In a 2007 paper, Oleh Havrylyshyn categorized the speed of reforms in the Soviet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7487649", "score": "1.0649248", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Eastern Bloc", "text": "begin to return to pre-reform era levels for approximately 15 years. From the end of the World War II to the mid-1970s, the economy of the Eastern Bloc steadily increased at the same rate as the economy in Western Europe, with the least none-reforming Stalinist nations of the Eastern Bloc having a stronger economy then the reformist-Stalinist states. While most western European economies essentially began to approach the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) levels of the United States during the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Eastern Bloc countries did not, with per capita GDPs trailing significantly behind their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "953249", "score": "1.064908", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Grzegorz Kołodko", "text": "(co-author and editor); “Globalization and Catching-up in Transition Economies”, University of Rochester Press 2002 (published also in 11 other languages); “From Shock to Therapy. The Political Economy of Postsocialist Transformation”, Oxford University Press 2000 (published also in Chinese, Russian, Ukrainian, Japanese, and Polish); “Post-Communist Transition: The Thorny Road”, University of Rochester Press 2000. He has held courses and seminars in political economy, economic policy, comparative economics, development policy, public finance, and economics and politics of post-communist transformation at the Warsaw School of Economics (SGPiS/SGH), and at Kozminski University, as well as at several other universities, particularly in the United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8501894", "score": "1.0631363", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Post-communism", "text": "some became less radical as well. Several communist states had undergone economic reforms from a planned economy towards a more market-oriented economy in the 1980s, notably Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia. The post-communist economic transition was much more abrupt and aimed at creating fully capitalist economies. All the countries concerned have abandoned the traditional tools of communist economic control and moved more or less successfully toward free market systems. Although some (including Charles Paul Lewis) stress the beneficial effect of multinational investment, the reforms also had important negative consequences that are still unfolding. Average standards of living registered a catastrophic fall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "313919", "score": "1.062547", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Economy of Poland", "text": "system imposed in the late 1940s created large and unwieldy economic structures<ref name=\"Poland 11/07\"></ref> operated under a tight central command. In part because of this systemic rigidity, the economy performed poorly even in comparison with other economies in Central Europe. In 1990, the Tadeusz Mazowiecki government began a comprehensive reform programme to replace the centralised command economy with a market-oriented system. While the results overall have been impressive, many large state-owned industrial enterprises, particularly the rail, mining, steel, and defence sectors, have remained resistant to change and the downsizing required to survive in a market-based economy. The total value of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "309250", "score": "1.0616379", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Vladimir Kvint", "text": "he came up with the theory of regional and global emerging markets. In 1986, he wrote the report on the organization of strategic development of scientific-technological process which he brought to the attention of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, explaining that without the activation of these factors, as well as the function of motivation, the Soviet Union would have no economic future. After this predication, Kvint again faced a great deal of pressure from the Soviet power structure.[March 7, 1990 Komsomolskaya Pravda (Moscow)] In 1985, Kvint prepared his second Doctoral dissertation on the “Regional Management of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9134914", "score": "1.0604236", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Solow residual", "text": "production. Although there was always a concern about diminishing returns to this approach because of equipment depreciation, it was a widespread view of the correct industrial policy to adopt. Many economists pointed to the Soviet command economy as a model of high-growth through tireless re-investment of output in further industrial construction. However, some economists took a different view: they said that greater capital concentrations would yield diminishing returns once the marginal return to capital had equalized with that of labour – and that the apparently rapid growth of economies with high savings rates would be a short-term phenomenon. This analysis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5035223", "score": "1.0589814", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Kazimierz Łaski", "text": "of the rate of profit to fall. At the same time he continued studies on Eastern Europe, the main area of his research. Łaski published many papers on the proportions of expanded reproduction and the role of capital imports in socialist economy. In his analysis he took account of inflation, of foreign trade turnovers, and of the “grey economy”. Further topics of his research at that time were the problems of national accounting, and comparisons of consumption volumes between the East and the West, particularly the comparability of price indices in a market and a centrally planned economy. Łaski also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16834868", "score": "1.0516539", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Shrinking cities", "text": "across the Western European economic landscape. The result of these privatization schemes was a movement of capital into American manufacturing and financial markets and out of Western European industrial centers. American loans were also used as political currency contingent upon global investment schemes meant to stifle economic development within the Soviet-allied Eastern Bloc. With extensive debt tying capitalist Europe to the United States and financial blockades inhibiting full development of the communist Eastern half, this Cold War economic power structure greatly contributed to European urban decline. Great Britain, widely considered the first nation to fully industrialize, is often used as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9279573", "score": "1.0515419", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Transition economy", "text": "over a chasm in two leaps\". The many foreign advisers from, principally, the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden were often under contract to the international financial institutions and bilateral or multilateral technical assistance programmes. They favoured free trade and exchange rate convertibility rather than trade protection and capital controls, which might have checked capital flight. They tended to support privatization without prior industrial restructuring; an exception was to be found in Eastern Germany where the Treuhand (Trust Agency) prepared state-owned enterprises for the market at considerable cost to the government. Western technical assistance programmes were established by European", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4571908", "score": "1.0501001", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of Europe", "text": "historians Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen conclude it was, \" History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program.\" They state: The Soviet Union concentrated on its own recovery. It seized and transferred most of Germany's industrial plants and it exacted war reparations from East Germany, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, using Soviet-dominated joint enterprises. It used trading arrangements deliberately designed to favor the Soviet Union. Moscow controlled the Communist parties that ruled the satellite states, and they followed orders from the Kremlin. Historian Mark Kramer concludes: Western Europe began economic and then political integration, with the aim to unite the region and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "164893", "score": "1.0492277", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Transition economy", "long_answer": "Inequality of opportunity was higher in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia than in some other developed economies in Western Europe (except France, where inequality of opportunity was relatively high). The highest inequality of opportunity was found in the Balkans and Central Asia. In terms of legal regulations and access to education and health services, inequality of opportunity related to gender was low in Europe and Central Asia but medium to high in respect of labour practices, employment and entrepreneurship and in access to finance. In Central Asia women also experienced significant lack of access to health services, as was the case in Arab countries. While many transition economies performed well with respect to primary and secondary education, and matched that available in many other developed economies, they were weaker when it came to training and tertiary education.", "chunked_long_answer": "Inequality of opportunity was higher in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia than in some other developed economies in Western Europe (except France, where inequality of opportunity was relatively high). The highest inequality of opportunity was found in the Balkans and Central Asia. In terms of legal regulations and access to education and health services, inequality of opportunity related to gender was low in Europe and Central Asia but medium to high in respect of labour practices, employment and entrepreneurship and in access to finance. In Central Asia women also experienced significant lack of access", "short_answers": [ "Inequality of opportunity" ] }

[ "May 19, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "One More Light", "text": "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. It was released on May 19, 2017 through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop. It is the last Linkin Park record produced before lead vocalist Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "One More Light (song)", "text": "Additional musicians Production One More Light (song) \"One More Light\" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth and title track from their seventh studio album of the same name, as well as their last single with Chester Bennington. The song was co-written with Eg White about a friend of the band, Amy Zarat, who had died of cancer. The song was released to US contemporary hit radio on October 3, 2017 as the album's third single. It is Bennington's second posthumously released single. The music video for this song was also voted #1 in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20006471", "score": "1.2681558", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "One More Light Live", "text": "One More Light Live One More Light Live is the third live CD compilation by American rock band Linkin Park, released on December 15, 2017. Recorded during the band's European leg of their \"One More Light Tour\" in 2017, this is the first release since the death of lead singer Chester Bennington. Linkin Park started their album tour in Buenos Aires, Argentina on May 6, 2017 at the Maximus Festival. They continued on with playing three more shows on the South American run before returning to the United States to play a few promo shows, including a performance on \"Jimmy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20442041", "score": "1.2680937", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "artworks for Deftones and Green Day's \"Revolution Radio\". The album was made available on Linkin Park's official website in five different packages: CD + LPU membership, vinyl + LPU Membership, CD bundle, vinyl bundle, and the \"Just Give Me Everything\" box set. All offers were accompanied by an LPU digital membership. Both the CD bundle and vinyl bundle include a \"One More Light\" T-shirt and a silver Linkin Park logo enamel pin. The box set was bound inside a special \"One More Light\" super deluxe box with a 48-page hardcover book featuring all the best photos from the album package", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004060", "score": "1.218877", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "One More Light (song)", "text": "One More Light (song) \"One More Light\" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth and title track from their seventh studio album of the same name, as well as their last single with Chester Bennington. The song was co-written with Eg White about a friend of the band, Amy Zarat, who had died of cancer. The song was released to US contemporary hit radio on October 3, 2017 as the album's third single. It is Bennington's second posthumously released single. The music video for this song was also voted #1 in a poll of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20006465", "score": "1.208891", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "of identity\". \"Newsday\" gave the album a B+ and praised the band's new direction, comparing it to the works of Coldplay and Owl City and concluding \"\"One More Light\" shows how well Linkin Park has absorbed the current pop scene and applied it to their own music to genuinely reflect who they are today, not who some fans want them to be.\" The band, specifically frontman Chester Bennington, lashed out in response to the negative reception of \"One More Light\"s material. As documented through \"Spin\" magazine, in an interview with \"Music Week\", Bennington, at the accusations that the band had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004070", "score": "1.2036828", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "to Myself\" was sent to alternative radio July 25, 2017, as the album's second official single. The music video for \"Talking to Myself\" was released on July 20, 2017, the same day that band member Chester Bennington died. In early 2017, the band introduced Linkin Park Global Ambassadors, which were selected each for a country. The ambassadors would promote the Linkin Park updates in their respective countries. The Ambassadors were also given various tasks respective to the updates. For promotional purposes, a picture of TV color bars was uploaded to the Instagram by the Linkin Park Global Ambassadors and many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004063", "score": "1.1975851", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "and all the lyrics, a unique 2.4\" × 1.8\" instant photo of the band, and a gold enamel pin set featuring a Linkin Park pin, a LP Hex logo pin, and a \"OML\" logo pin. It also included both the CD and vinyl versions of the album as well as the \"One More Light\" T-shirt. The first single, \"Heavy\", was released via Los Angeles radio station KROQ on February 16, 2017. The track is a duet with American singer and songwriter Kiiara, marking the first time a Linkin Park song from a studio album has featured a female vocalist. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004061", "score": "1.1909428", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "One More Light (song)", "text": "again.\"\". On October 25, 2017, American DJ/Producer and Linkin Park collaborator Steve Aoki released his remix of \"One More Light\", as his second tribute song to Bennington following his mashup, \"Darker Than The Light That Never Bleeds\", which was released a month earlier. The official video was uploaded to Linkin Park's YouTube channel on September 18, 2017, and directed by Joe Hahn and Mark Fiore. It features footage of Chester performing in the middle of fans, footage of him at live shows such as Live in Texas and , and past music videos for their past singles \"Burn It Down\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20006469", "score": "1.1880395", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "One More Light World Tour", "text": "performances One More Light World Tour The One More Light World Tour was the ninth headlining (eleventh overall) concert tour by American rock band, Linkin Park. The tour supported their seventh studio album, \"One More Light\" (2017). Beginning in May 2017, the tour visited 21 cities in South America and Europe. The North American leg of the tour was cancelled by the band on July 21, 2017, following the death of lead vocalist and co-frontman Chester Bennington the previous day, while the final leg of the tour in Japan was cancelled on October 3, 2017. Starting October 2016, the band", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20106649", "score": "1.1781116", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "One More Light World Tour", "text": "One More Light World Tour The One More Light World Tour was the ninth headlining (eleventh overall) concert tour by American rock band, Linkin Park. The tour supported their seventh studio album, \"One More Light\" (2017). Beginning in May 2017, the tour visited 21 cities in South America and Europe. The North American leg of the tour was cancelled by the band on July 21, 2017, following the death of lead vocalist and co-frontman Chester Bennington the previous day, while the final leg of the tour in Japan was cancelled on October 3, 2017. Starting October 2016, the band announced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20106644", "score": "1.1778129", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Linkin Park", "text": "we have one\". The band had released a music video for their single \"Talking to Myself\" earlier that day. One day after Bennington's death, the band canceled the North American leg of their One More Light World Tour. On the morning of July 24, Linkin Park released an official statement on their website as a tribute to Bennington. On July 28, Shinoda announced that donations made to the band's Music for Relief charity would be redirected to the One More Light Fund, which had been set up in Bennington's memory. On August 4, when the band was initially scheduled to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "256729", "score": "1.1717398", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "One More Light Live", "text": "that occurred during Ariana Grande's concert. On July 20, 2017, Bennington died by suicide in his Palos Verdes Estates home. In the wake of his death, Linkin Park cancelled the rest of the \"One More Light\" tour, which was set to begin a week after Bennington's death. The live album captures performances of 16 songs that Bennington played with Linkin Park during their tour in Europe. Linkin Park Additional musicians One More Light Live One More Light Live is the third live CD compilation by American rock band Linkin Park, released on December 15, 2017. Recorded during the band's European", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20442043", "score": "1.1556813", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "later on. The album performed well commercially, debuting at number one in several countries; it became the band's fifth number-one album on the \"Billboard\" 200, as well. It was certified gold in three countries and silver by the BPI in the UK. Despite a positive commercial performance, it received mixed reviews from music critics. This, along with accusations of selling out, prompted an angry response from Bennington. In 2014, Linkin Park released their sixth studio album \"The Hunting Party\". The album, produced by Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, marked a shift from the overall rock sound in their previous albums", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004049", "score": "1.1473293", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Linkin Park and Friends: Celebrate Life in Honor of Chester Bennington", "text": "and Kiiara. Chester Bennington was found dead on July 20, 2017 right after the first leg of Linkin Park's One More Light World Tour to promote their seventh studio album, \"One More Light\". Because of this, the band cancelled the rest of the tour. On August 22, Linkin Park announced plans to host a tribute concert in Los Angeles to honor Bennington. Later, the band confirmed that the concert would take place on October 27 at the Hollywood Bowl, and would feature a number of bands and musicians. On September 23, the band announced that the concert had officially sold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20356373", "score": "1.1333468", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Nobody Can Save Me", "text": "Delson, Jon Green, and Mike Shinoda working on lyrics for a new song. Mike Shinoda went on to say Jon Green really related well with Chester. The song was released from their seventh studio album, \"One More Light\". It was digitally released on May 18, 2017. As of 20 August 2018, the video audio has gained nearly 30 million views. Nobody Can Save Me \"Nobody Can Save Me\" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park, and first track from their seventh studio album \"One More Light\". The song is described as a glitch, representing a rebirth in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20006446", "score": "1.1301223", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Linkin Park", "text": "directed by Joe Hahn. In an interview with Fuse, Shinoda confirmed that Linkin Park had begun recording their sixth studio album in May 2013. The band released the first single from their upcoming album, titled, \"Guilty All the Same\" on March 6, 2014 through Shazam. The single was later released on the following day by Warner Bros. Records and debut at No. 28 on the US Billboard Rock Airplay charts before peaking at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock charts in the following weeks. Shortly after the single's release, the band revealed their sixth album would be titled \"The Hunting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "256721", "score": "1.12556", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "song was written by Linkin Park with Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter, while Emily Wright and Andrew Bolooki handled vocal production. The band released a second track from the album, \"Battle Symphony\", on March 16, 2017, with an accompanying lyric video. A third track from the album, \"Good Goodbye\", was released for download on April 13, 2017, along with an accompanying lyric video followed by a music video. The song features American rapper Pusha T and English hip hop artist Stormzy. On May 10, 2017, the band put out one final pre-release track, \"Invisible\", with an accompanying lyric video. \"Talking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004062", "score": "1.1065344", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Recharged (album)", "text": "to 2013. It became the eighth best selling Dance/Electronic Album and twenty-fifth best selling Hard Rock Album. Original \"Living Things\" credits adapted from \"Living Things\" liner notes. Recharged (album) Recharged is the second remix album of recordings by American rock band Linkin Park. The album was released on October 29, 2013, through Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop Recordings. It is entirely produced by Rick Rubin and Mike Shinoda. The album includes remixes of ten of the songs from the band's fifth studio album \"Living Things\", as well as a new song, \"A Light That Never Comes\" (and a remix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17548742", "score": "1.1034005", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Chester Bennington", "text": "which became a commercial success. The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2005, making it the best-selling debut album of the decade, as well as one of the few albums ever to hit that many sales. Linkin Park's following studio albums, from \"Meteora\" (2003) to \"One More Light\" (2017), continued the band's success. Linkin Park has sold over 100 million records worldwide making them the best-selling band of the 21st century and one of the best-selling artists of all time. Bennington formed his own band, Dead by Sunrise, as a side project in 2005.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1275774", "score": "1.0999581", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "A Light That Never Comes", "text": "a cyber world along with an unnamed actress. A Light That Never Comes (Remixes) is the third extended play released to the public by American rock band Linkin Park and the second released EP by American electro house musician Steve Aoki. It features seven remixes by seven various artists for the collaborated single, \"A Light That Never Comes\". This is one of their few extended plays that were not released by Machine Shop, which was founded by the band's co-vocalist Mike Shinoda. The whole album was available on Aoki's and Dim Mak's official YouTube channel. \"A Light That Never Comes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17553170", "score": "1.0969857", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "One More Light (song)", "text": "\"Waiting for the End\" and \"Powerless\", as well the band themselves through the years. On making the music video, Hahn said: Mike Shinoda commented: Upon its release, the video racked up 3 million views on YouTube in the first 24 hours. As of July 28, 2018, the video has reached over 100 million views. On 3 October 2017, Linkin Park uploaded an official lyric video to YouTube. This video was created by Nicola Drilling and fans of Linkin Park from around the world. As of June 8, 2018, the lyric video has more than 5 million views on YouTube. Band", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20006470", "score": "1.094379", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Linkin Park", "text": "rock, industrial rock, experimental rock, rap rock, and progressive rock. Their fifth album, \"Living Things\", is also an electronic-heavy album, but includes other influences, resulting in a harder sound by comparison. The band returned to a heavier sound compared to their last three albums on \"The Hunting Party\", which was described as an alternative metal, nu metal, hard rock, rap rock, and rap metal album. Their seventh album, \"One More Light,\" was described as pop, pop rock and electropop. Linkin Park's influences include Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Stone Temple Pilots, Jane's Addiction, Nine Inch Nails, Ministry, Skinny Puppy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "256740", "score": "1.0874745", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Heavy (Linkin Park song)", "text": "Heavy (Linkin Park song) \"Heavy\" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park, featuring guest vocals from American singer Kiiara. The song is the first single from their seventh studio album, \"One More Light\". The song was written by Linkin Park members Chester Bennington, Brad Delson, and Mike Shinoda, alongside Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter. The single was released for download on February 16, 2017, and was premiered on radio on February 21. It is the band's last single to be released during Bennington's lifetime. Band members Chester Bennington, Mike Shinoda, and Brad Delson worked with Julia Michaels and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20000242", "score": "1.0861291", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Recharged (album)", "text": "Recharged (album) Recharged is the second remix album of recordings by American rock band Linkin Park. The album was released on October 29, 2013, through Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop Recordings. It is entirely produced by Rick Rubin and Mike Shinoda. The album includes remixes of ten of the songs from the band's fifth studio album \"Living Things\", as well as a new song, \"A Light That Never Comes\" (and a remix of it) with Steve Aoki, which is the album's first single, released on September 16. Although \"Recharged\" received mixed reviews from critics, it is the tenth best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17548736", "score": "1.0857253", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "A Light That Never Comes", "text": "was a remix of the official video of the single, which was an animated video, taken from the official video of the song by the band and Steve Aoki. A Light That Never Comes \"A Light That Never Comes\" is a song written and recorded by American rock band Linkin Park, and is their first collaboration with American musician Steve Aoki. It was included on the band's second remix album, \"Recharged\". It is the twenty-sixth single by the band. The song appears as the opening track on the album while a reboot version produced by Rick Rubin serves as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17553173", "score": "1.0825894", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "Linkin Park did a stripped-down performance with Kiiara at NRG Studios, which was broadcast live on Facebook the same day \"Heavy\" was released along with its lyric video and the album pre-order. The stripped-down version of the song was performed on various occasions. Shinoda and Bennington played the song fourteen times at different venues for the promotion. The band played the song on \"The Late Late Show with James Corden\" and at the ECHO Awards 2017 with Kiiara. Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote \"One More Light\". A few of them included", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004065", "score": "1.0757873", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "A Light That Never Comes", "text": "A Light That Never Comes \"A Light That Never Comes\" is a song written and recorded by American rock band Linkin Park, and is their first collaboration with American musician Steve Aoki. It was included on the band's second remix album, \"Recharged\". It is the twenty-sixth single by the band. The song appears as the opening track on the album while a reboot version produced by Rick Rubin serves as the closing track. In addition to the song being released in advance when \"Recharged\" was partially released early on September 16, 2013, \"A Light That Never Comes\" was released to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17553164", "score": "1.0750211", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "One More Light", "text": "a pop effort; indeed, they get points for a brave attempt so outside of their wheelhouse. The problem is that much of \"One More Light\" is devoid of that visceral charge that previously defined much of their catalog... there's no feral screaming from Chester Bennington, there are barely any riffs, and DJ Hahn has disappeared beneath the textured studio sheen.\" Team Rock criticized the move away from rock music, stating that the album \"makes Ed Sheeran sound like Extreme Noise Terror...With \"One More Light\", Linkin Park have waved goodbye to rock.\" Troy L. Smith at \"The Plain Dealer\" described \"Invisible\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20004068", "score": "1.0723748", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Heavy (Linkin Park song)", "text": "metal sound, catching the attention of many music websites such as Loudwire and Team Rock, the latter of which declared it \"what Linkin Park's Heavy should have sounded like.\" The cover and negative reception even caught the attention of the band, who halfheartedly played a part of it in a rehearsal session video, with Bennington jokingly stating at the end \"There's your fuckin' \"Hybrid Theory\" now shut the... [fuck up]\". The song was released as the first single from their seventh studio album, \"One More Light\". It was released digitally on February 16, 2017. The music video for the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20000249", "score": "1.0662254", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "One More Light", "long_answer": "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. It was released on May 19, 2017 through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop. It is the last Linkin Park record produced before lead vocalist Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. It was released on May 19, 2017 through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop. It is the last Linkin Park record produced before lead vocalist Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "May 19, 2017" ] }

[ "Gibraltar" ]

[ { "title": "Disputed status of Gibraltar", "text": "Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory, located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is the subject of an irredentist territorial claim by Spain. It was captured in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). The Spanish Crown formally ceded the territory in perpetuity to the British Crown in 1713, under Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht. Spain later attempted to recapture the territory during the thirteenth siege (1727) and the Great siege (1779–1783). British sovereignty over Gibraltar was confirmed in later treaties signed in Seville (1729) and the Treaty of Paris (1783).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "meet to talk about it. For us, it is a stone in the shoe all day long\". The United Kingdom and Spain have had several recent disputes over fishing rights, particularly with regards to the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy. When Spain became a member state in 1986, it had the world's sixth largest fishing fleet, and much of the economies of Galicia, Asturias, and Cantabria depended upon catches by Spanish boats outside Spain's national Exclusive Economic Zone, just as they do today. To prevent the fleets of other EU members (particularly Spain) taking up the UK's Common Fisheries Policy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439088", "score": "1.1152699", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain", "text": "of the city, and the rest had no territorial jurisdiction (the literal phrase of the treaty is \"the Catholic King wills, and takes it to be understood that the above-named propriety be yielded to Great Britain without any territorial jurisdiction\"). Therefore, the Treaty would not have ceded any part of the isthmus. Spain considers that such an area was occupied by the UK since the 19th century (1815), and such \"occupation of the isthmus [by the United Kingdom] is illegal and against the principles of the international law\". For said reason, British sovereignty is not acknowledged by Spain, considering itself", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6712047", "score": "1.063478", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Disputed status of Gibraltar", "text": "other articles of this Convention\", and that if a signatory state makes a declaration upon ratification, that declaration must \"not purport to exclude or to modify the legal effect of the provisions of this Convention in their application\" to that state. The dispute over territorial waters, which was rekindled in 2013 following a fishing dispute seems likely to become more important with the discovery of a British treasure ship, HMS Sussex, and the Black Swan Project controversy. Questions about the waters have previously been asked in the House of Commons, and answered as follows: Under international law, States are entitled,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3795707", "score": "1.0450039", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Canada–Spain relations", "text": "Spanish trawlers fishing in the area. Support from the European Union was split during the crisis, with the United Kingdom and Ireland supporting Canada while mainland Europe and Iceland supported Spain. During negations between Canada and the European Union to resolve the issue, the crew of Estai posted a $500,000 bail and returned to Spain. The crisis was resolved when Canada and the European Union agreed to a deal on April 5. Under this agreement Spain was forced to leave the disputed zone and Canada's right to eject foreign fishing vessels from the area using military force was accepted. Under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13082869", "score": "1.0369401", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "Spain–United Kingdom relations Spain–United Kingdom relations, also called Spanish-British relations, are the bilateral international relations between the Kingdom of Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The history of Spanish–British relations is complicated by the political heritage of the two countries. Neither the United Kingdom nor Spain has a unique constitutional ancestor; the United Kingdom was originally created by a union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland (and later joined by Ireland), whilst the Kingdom of Spain was initially created by a union of the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. They have also been complicated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439042", "score": "1.0112692", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "become known as the Factortame case. In total, £55m has been paid out by the British government to Spanish parties (both public and private) for loss of earnings. To this day, the large Spanish fishing fleet does the majority of its fishing outside Spain's EEZ, as far away as Canada and Namibia. Nonetheless, a large part of its business comes from fishing in the waters of northern Europe, particularly those of the United Kingdom and Ireland. At times of debate of the United Kingdom's declining fish stocks, this has caused strained relations between Spain and the UK, and particularly between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439090", "score": "1.0103089", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720), in which Great Britain and France were allies against Spain when Spain attempted to reclaim territories in Italy. In 1719, the Spanish attempted to carry the conflict to the British Isles. An expedition of 29 ships carrying 6,000 soldiers sailed for Scotland, but most of it was scattered in storms and only 327 Spanish regulars managed to land in Scotland, where they were joined by 1,000 Scottish Jacobites. The British routed the invaders at Glen Shiel on June 10. Where continental Europe had been the focus of the conflict between Great Britain and France", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439060", "score": "1.0095503", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute", "text": "of the settlement. France insisted that Spain maintain the colony in Port Louis to prevent Britain from claiming the title to the Islands, and Spain agreed. In 1493 Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal bull, \"Inter caetera\", dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal. The following year, the Treaty of Tordesillas between those countries agreed that the dividing line between the two should be 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. The Falklands lie on the western (Spanish) side of this line. Spain made claims that the Falkland Islands were held under provisions in the 1713 which settled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6093044", "score": "1.0092714", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "Spain The list below is of British and Spanish town twinnings. Spain–United Kingdom relations Spain–United Kingdom relations, also called Spanish-British relations, are the bilateral international relations between the Kingdom of Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The history of Spanish–British relations is complicated by the political heritage of the two countries. Neither the United Kingdom nor Spain has a unique constitutional ancestor; the United Kingdom was originally created by a union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland (and later joined by Ireland), whilst the Kingdom of Spain was initially created by a union of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439094", "score": "1.0062834", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "1789 at Nootka Sound, an unsettled area at the time that is now part of British Columbia, Canada. Spain seized small British commercial ships engaged in the fur trade in an area on the Pacific on an area on the Pacific Coast. Spain claimed ownership based on a papal decree of 1493 that Spain said gave it control of the entire Pacific Ocean. Britain rejected the Spanish claims and used its greatly superior naval power to threaten a war and win the dispute. Spain, a rapidly fading military power, was unable to depend upon its longtime ally France, which was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439069", "score": "1.0040224", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Turbot War", "text": "Turbot War The Turbot War (known in Spain as Guerra del Fletán) was an international fishing dispute between Canada (supported by the United Kingdom and Ireland) and Spain (supported by the European Union and Iceland) in which Canada stopped a Spanish fishing trawler from Galicia in international waters and arrested its crew. Canada claimed that European Union factory ships were illegally overfishing Greenland halibut, also known as Greenland turbot, on the Grand Banks, just outside Canada's declared exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Territorial seas have changed over time, having begun with a \"cannon shot\" territorial sea, followed by the long-standing extension", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4405880", "score": "1.0021485", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Spain–United Kingdom relations", "text": "Spain and the membership of the devolved Scottish institutions, since Scotland is more dependent upon fishing than the rest of the UK. Scotland held a referendum on independence from the UK on 18 September 2014. In November 2013 the Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy had stated that an independent Scotland would have to reapply for membership of the European Union, causing considerable irritation to the Scottish Government. Relations between the Spanish and Scottish governments deteriorated further when the Scottish Government alleged that a senior UK Treasury official visited Spain ostensibly to co-ordinate British and Spanish opposition to the independence movements", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13439091", "score": "0.9966929", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Spain", "text": "from Ceuta and from mainland Spain. Its sovereignty is disputed between Spain and Morocco. It was the subject of an armed incident between the two countries in 2002. The incident ended when both countries agreed to return to the status quo ante which existed prior to the Moroccan occupation of the island. The islet is now deserted and without any sign of sovereignty. Besides the Perejil Island, the Spanish-held territories claimed by other countries are two: Morocco claims the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla and the \"plazas de soberanía\" islets off the northern coast of Africa; and Portugal and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "356951", "score": "0.9896227", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute", "text": "The Commonwealth of Nations listed the islands as a British Overseas Territory in their 2012 yearbook. At the OAS summits Canada has continued to state its support for the islanders' right to self-determination. Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute Sovereignty over the Falkland Islands () is disputed by Argentina and the United Kingdom. The British claim to sovereignty dates from 1690, and the United Kingdom has exercised \"de facto\" sovereignty over the archipelago almost continuously since 1833. Argentina has long disputed this claim, having been in control of the islands for a few years prior to 1833. The dispute escalated in 1982,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6093102", "score": "0.9893185", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Minquiers and Ecrehos case", "text": "1951, the ICJ decided on 17 November 1953 that sovereignty over the islands belonged to the United Kingdom. Minquiers and Ecrehos case France v United Kingdom [1953] ICJ 3 (also called the Minquiers and Ecrehos Case) was an International Court of Justice case concerning sovereignty over seas. The United Kingdom and France requested for the ICJ to determine the country that held sovereignty over the islets and rocks in the Minquiers and Ecrehos groups. France claimed sovereignty because it fished in the waters and it had historic sovereignty over the area from the 11th century's Duchy of Normandy. The United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11517790", "score": "0.9878577", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Guayana Esequiba", "text": "Esequiba or \"Zona en Reclamación\"). This territory of is the subject of a long-running boundary dispute inherited from the colonial powers and complicated by the independence of Guyana in 1966. The status of the territory is subject to the Treaty of Geneva, which was signed by the United Kingdom, Venezuela and British Guiana on February 17, 1966. This treaty stipulates that the parties will agree to find a practical, peaceful and satisfactory solution to the dispute. In 1648 Spain signed the Peace of Münster with the Dutch Republic, whereby Spain recognized the Republic's independence and also small Dutch possessions located", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8710428", "score": "0.9788238", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute", "text": "off limits to both countries, provided (in a secret article) that no third party settled there either. The conventions were unilaterally repudiated by Spain in 1795 but implicitly revived by the Treaty of Madrid in 1814. The sixth article of the convention states: Whether or not this affected sovereignty over the islands is disputed. The British argue that the agreement did not affect the respective claims and only stipulated that neither party would make further establishments on the coasts or \"adjacent\" islands already held by Spain. Argentina argues that \"the islands adjacent\" includes the Falklands and that the UK renounced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6093096", "score": "0.976728", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "Minquiers and Ecrehos case", "text": "Minquiers and Ecrehos case France v United Kingdom [1953] ICJ 3 (also called the Minquiers and Ecrehos Case) was an International Court of Justice case concerning sovereignty over seas. The United Kingdom and France requested for the ICJ to determine the country that held sovereignty over the islets and rocks in the Minquiers and Ecrehos groups. France claimed sovereignty because it fished in the waters and it had historic sovereignty over the area from the 11th century's Duchy of Normandy. The United Kingdom claimed that Jersey had historically exercised legal and administrative jurisdiction over them. Initially requested on 5 December", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11517789", "score": "0.9740051", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Santa Cruz de Nuca", "text": "Islands sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina. Article VI provided that neither party would form new establishments on any of the islands adjacent to the east and west coasts of South America then occupied by Spain. Both retained the right to land and erect temporary structures on the coasts and islands for fishery-related purposes. However, there was an additional secret article which stipulated that Article VI shall remain in force only so long as no establishment shall have been formed by the subjects of any other power on the coasts in question. This secret article had the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16880785", "score": "0.9676534", "original_retrieval_index": 62 }, { "title": "British intervention in Spanish American independence", "text": "the United States, France and the United Kingdom. The Spanish government recognized the United Kingdom as the main adversary state in the dispute of Spanish America. The result of the European Napoleonic wars led to great changes between the alliances of these powers. Between 1806-1807 the United Kingdom invaded the River Plate in South America which were still part of Spain. The first invasion had several contingents, of about one thousand seven hundred soldiers. This was followed up with a second of up to fourteen thousand men, twenty warships and ninety transports. They managed to occupy the city of Buenos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20781066", "score": "0.9603507", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "Political divisions of Spain", "text": "others, the parts that modified the territorial organization. Almost all communities have defined territorial entities (e.g. \"comarcas\" or \"merindades\"), but these do not have administrative powers and are simply geographic or historical designations. One special case of such territorial entities is Western Sahara, formerly the colony of Spanish Sahara up to 1976, is disputed between Morocco, who controls 80% of the territory and administers it as an integral part of its national territory, and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, who controls and administers the remaining 20% as the \"Liberated territories\". The United Nations, however still considers Spain to be the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15050828", "score": "0.9595339", "original_retrieval_index": 73 }, { "title": "Territories claimed by the Philippines", "text": "including a requirement of Protestantism and the denial of other nationals on the island. The arbitrator pointed out that if Spain had actually exercised authority, then there would have been conflicts between the two countries but none are provided in the evidence. Under the Palmas decision, three important rules for resolving island territorial disputes were decided: Firstly, title based on contiguity has no standing in international law. Secondly, title by discovery is only an inchoate title. Finally, if another sovereign begins to exercise continuous and actual sovereignty, (and the arbitrator required that the claim had to be open and public", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8866184", "score": "0.9582366", "original_retrieval_index": 74 }, { "title": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "text": "Moluccas, some sources place the line just east of the Moluccas. The Treaty of Saragossa did not modify or clarify the line of demarcation in the Treaty of Tordesillas, nor did it validate Spain's claim to equal hemispheres (180° each), so the two lines divided the Earth into unequal hemispheres. Portugal's portion was roughly 191° whereas Spain's portion was roughly 169°. Both portions have a large uncertainty of ±4° because of the wide variation in the opinions regarding the location of the Tordesillas line. Portugal gained control of all lands and seas west of the Saragossa line, including all of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "805518", "score": "0.95669925", "original_retrieval_index": 75 }, { "title": "Mauritius v. United Kingdom", "text": "Mauritius v. United Kingdom Mauritius v. United Kingdom was an arbitration case concerning the status of the Chagos Archipelago and the attempts of the United Kingdom government to create a Marine Protected Area in British Indian Ocean Territory. The dispute was arbitrated by a arbitral tribunal constituted under Annex VII of the 1982 United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea. The Permanent Court of Arbitration was asked on the 31st of March 2011 to function as registry in the proceedings. In 2011 the government of Mauritius challenged Sir Christopher Greenwood's role in the arbitration proceedings on the grounds that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16579595", "score": "0.95467556", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict", "text": "2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict The 2007 Morocco–Spain diplomatic conflict was a short lived disturbance of international relations between Morocco and Spain that arose after the announcement of the impending visit of the King of Spain to the Spanish-ruled autonomous cities Ceuta and Melilla, which are claimed by Morocco. The dispute formally began when the Government of Morocco recalled its ambassador to Spain, Omar Azziman. According to a diplomatic note from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Morocco, \"The official announcement on Friday of the unfortunate visit of His Majesty King Juan Carlos I, on 5 and 6 November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16116048", "score": "0.9521017", "original_retrieval_index": 80 }, { "title": "1993 United Kingdom–United States Maritime Boundary Treaties", "text": "Islands boundary: it is about 200 nautical miles long and consists of 49 straight-line segments defined by 50 individual coordinate points. The full name of the treaty is \"Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the United States of America on the Delimitation in the Caribbean of a Maritime Boundary between Puerto Rico/US Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands\". The two treaties entered into force on 1 June 1995 after they had been ratified by both states. 1993 United Kingdom–United States Maritime Boundary Treaties The 1993 United Kingdom–United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14214390", "score": "0.9468207", "original_retrieval_index": 85 }, { "title": "Morocco", "text": "agreed to a US-brokered resolution over the disputed island of Perejil. Spanish troops had taken the normally uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag. There were renewed tensions in 2005, as hundreds of African migrants tried to storm the borders of the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. Morocco deported hundreds of the illegal migrants. In 2006, the Spanish Premier Zapatero visited Spanish enclaves. He was the first Spanish leader in 25 years to make an official visit to the territories. The following year, Spanish King Juan Carlos I visited Ceuta and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "254888", "score": "0.94606066", "original_retrieval_index": 87 }, { "title": "1996 France–United Kingdom Maritime Delimitation Agreements", "text": "1996 France–United Kingdom Maritime Delimitation Agreements The 1996 France – United Kingdom Maritime Delimitation Agreements are two treaties between France and the United Kingdom which establish a number of maritime boundary between French territories and British territories in the Caribbean Sea. Both treaties were signed in London on 27 June 1996. The two treaties entered into force on 30 January 1997 after they had been ratified by both states. The first treaty delimits the boundary in the Anguilla Channel between the British territory of Anguilla and the French territories of Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. The boundary is a simplified", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14214353", "score": "0.9449485", "original_retrieval_index": 88 }, { "title": "Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute", "text": "UN, which annually recommends dialogue to resolve the dispute. The UN General Assembly has passed several resolutions on the issue. In 1988, the General Assembly reiterated a 1965 request that both countries negotiate a peaceful settlement to the dispute and respect the interests of the Falkland Islanders and the principles of UN GA resolution 1514. The United States and the European Union recognise the de facto administration of the Falkland Islands and take no position over their sovereignty; however, the EU classifies the islands as an overseas country or territory of the UK, subject to EU law in some areas.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6093101", "score": "0.94408524", "original_retrieval_index": 89 } ]

{ "title": "Disputed status of Gibraltar", "long_answer": "Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory, located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is the subject of an irredentist territorial claim by Spain. It was captured in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). The Spanish Crown formally ceded the territory in perpetuity to the British Crown in 1713, under Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht. Spain later attempted to recapture the territory during the thirteenth siege (1727) and the Great siege (1779–1783). British sovereignty over Gibraltar was confirmed in later treaties signed in Seville (1729) and the Treaty of Paris (1783).", "chunked_long_answer": "Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory, located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is the subject of an irredentist territorial claim by Spain. It was captured in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). The Spanish Crown formally ceded the territory in perpetuity to the British Crown in 1713, under Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht. Spain later attempted to recapture the territory during the thirteenth siege (1727) and the Great siege (1779–1783). British sovereignty over Gibraltar was confirmed in later treaties signed in Seville (1729) and the Treaty of Paris (1783).", "short_answers": [ "Gibraltar" ] }

[ "Nicklaus", "Jack Nicklaus (6)" ]

[ { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Palmer and Tiger Woods won four each, and five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket); Seve Ballesteros who, in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña, showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room; and Henry Picard, whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established, remained in his closet for a number of years, and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio, where he was the club professional for many years. By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1375373", "score": "1.2969766", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Augusta National Golf Club", "text": "winner of the previous tournament. If the previous champion is either unavailable or has won consecutive tournaments, then the current chairman acts as the presenter. Until 1967, the jackets were manufactured by Brooks Brothers and since have been made by Hamilton of Cincinnati, Ohio, with the imported wool produced at the Victor Forstmann plant in Dublin, Georgia. The current Masters champion is the only owner of a green jacket permitted to remove it from the grounds of Augusta National, and only for a period of one year. Before this time limit was in place, the jacket of a few long-past", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3132468", "score": "1.285531", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "$612,000, and the purse grew by $3,400,000. In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949, and informally acquired by the champions for many years before that. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1375371", "score": "1.2447456", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Augusta National Golf Club", "text": "the Augusta National Women's Amateur Championship in 2019, a 54-hole event for the world's top amateur players. Every member of Augusta National receives a green sport coat with the club's logo on the left breast. The idea of the green jacket originated with club co-founder Clifford Roberts. Many believe it is because he wanted patrons visiting during the tournament to be able to readily identify members. Since Sam Snead's victory in 1949, the winner of each year's Masters Tournament has received a green jacket, although he does not receive membership. The jacket is presented to the new winner by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3132467", "score": "1.2288492", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2001 Masters Tournament", "text": "the hole to win his second green jacket and sixth major championship. It was another hard luck finish for Duval, who finished in the top 10 for the fourth consecutive Masters and it was his second, second-place finish. Phil Mickelson was briefly in contention on the back nine, but was not able to match Woods and Duval with a two-under 70 for the round. It was another disappointing major for Mickelson who earned his 12th top 10 finish, but was still without a major championship. Japan's Toshimitsu Izawa matched Duval's round of the day with a 67 of his own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11736384", "score": "1.2210095", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "18th green in front of the patrons. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit. The tradition began in 1949, when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles. The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player, who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory (although he has always followed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1375372", "score": "1.2139858", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Phil Mickelson", "text": "from deep greenside rough to within a of the cup, and made his birdie to finish at a 4-under-par total of 276, one shot ahead of Steve Elkington and Thomas Bjørn. Mickelson captured his third major title the following spring at the Masters. He won his second green jacket after shooting a 3-under-par final round, winning by two strokes over runner-up Tim Clark. This win propelled him to 2nd place in the Official World Golf Ranking (his career best), behind Woods, and ahead of Vijay Singh and Retief Goosen. After winning two majors in a row heading into the U.S.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2964995", "score": "1.2104386", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Hubert Green", "text": "from 1974 to 1980. At the 1978 Masters he came to the final hole about 30 minutes after Gary Player had finished a round of 64. Player had a 1-shot lead over Green, who hit a good drive and then a great approach to within three feet of the cup. Green had to back away from the putt when he overheard radio announcer Jim Kelly say something. When Green took the stroke, he pushed it a little to the right and the putt slid by. Green never blamed Kelly, however, telling \"Golf Digest\", \"Only an amateur would have been put", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7626762", "score": "1.1779356", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "In addition to the green jacket, winners of the tournament receive a gold medal. They have their names engraved on the actual silver Masters trophy, introduced in 1961, which depicts the clubhouse. This trophy remains at Augusta National; since 1993 winners have received a sterling silver replica. The runner-up receives a silver medal, introduced in 1951. Beginning in 1978, a silver salver was added as an award for the runner-up. In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1375375", "score": "1.1775541", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Augusta National Golf Club", "text": "where it is on display in his personal museum. The second jacket belongs to 1938 champion Henry Picard. Before the traditions surrounding one of golf's greatest awards were well established, the jacket was removed by Picard from Augusta National. It is now currently on display in the \"Picard Lounge\" at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio. Along with Snead, the nine previous winners were also awarded green jackets in 1949, and these became known as the \"original ten\" jackets. Horton Smith's jacket, awarded for his wins in 1934 and 1936, sold at auction in September 2013 for over $682,000; the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3132470", "score": "1.1715745", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "1991 Masters Tournament", "text": "then hit his second shot into a greenside bunker. He chipped out and three-putted for a double bogey. Woosnam then holed an par putt for the green jacket. It was the fourth consecutive year that the Masters champion was from the United Kingdom, which had no winners prior to Sandy Lyle's victory in 1988. Through 2017, Woosnam is the only winner at Augusta from Wales. Olazábal later won two Masters, in 1994 and 1999. Phil Mickelson, a 20-year-old junior at Arizona State, was the low amateur at 290 (+2) and tied for 46th place. Tommy Aaron, George Archer, Seve Ballesteros", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11736276", "score": "1.1629628", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless he needs to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1375354", "score": "1.1619784", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "1985 Masters Tournament", "text": "and 15 when his attempts to reach both greens in two shots found water instead and finished two strokes back. It was Strange's only top-5 finish at Augusta, but he won consecutive U.S. Opens in 1988 and 1989. Langer, age 27 and dressed in red, birdied four of the last seven holes to win the green jacket. The second champion from Europe, he had consecutive rounds of 68 (−4) on the weekend to become the first winner of a major from Germany (then West Germany). Langer won a second green jacket eight years later in 1993. \"Thursday, April 11, 1985\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11733930", "score": "1.1569848", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2003 Masters Tournament", "text": "fifth place. Maggert had no bogeys or double bogeys, but made a triple bogey 7 on the third hole and a quintuple bogey 8 on the twelfth hole. Mickelson's 68 (−4) was only enough for solo third, two strokes behind Weir and Mattiace. It marked Mickelson's third straight third-place finish at the Masters (he would win the green jacket in 2004, 2006, and 2010). Jim Furyk also shot a four-under 68 for a fourth-place finish which equaled his best Masters finish at 284 (−4). (He would win the next major, at the U.S. Open in June.) Ernie Els and Singh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11728796", "score": "1.1532605", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2018 Masters Tournament", "text": "with Matt Kuchar. Four-time champion Tiger Woods, playing the Masters for the first time in three years, was three-over after a bogey on the 12th but rebounded with two birdies to finish with 73 (+1). Defending champion Sergio García hit five consecutive balls onto the green which rolled back into the water on the par-5 15th and carded a one-putt 13, the highest score on that hole in Masters history, and tied for the worst in history on any hole. He birdied the next hole; his 81 (+9) put him in a tie for 85th place. \"Friday, April 6, 2018\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20006786", "score": "1.1531819", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Richard Green (golfer)", "text": "same year he won the MasterCard Masters, which is one of Australia's most prestigious tournaments, and also topped the PGA Tour of Australasia's Order of Merit. In 2007 he won his second European Tour event at the BA-CA Golf Open in Austria. Green holds a share of the course record at Carnoustie with a 64, achieved in the final round of the 2007 Open Championship. The round saw him jump 27 places on the last day of the tournament to finish in a tie for 4th with Ernie Els. He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7856975", "score": "1.152493", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1973 Masters Tournament", "text": "Aaron caught the mistake. This was his third and last victory on the PGA Tour, and after this win, Aaron's best result in a major was a tie for 28th at the Masters in 1979. Gary Player played in 52 Masters from 1957 through 2009; and missed only this one, to recover from leg and abdominal surgery. He returned in 1974 to win the second of his three green jackets. Gay Brewer won the fourteenth Par 3 contest on Wednesday with a seven-under 20. At the previous Masters, the 1967 champion was hospitalized in Augusta for ulcers on Wednesday night", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11728331", "score": "1.1490657", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2009 Masters Tournament", "text": "was just off the green to the right, chipped close, and tapped in for par. Cabrera scrambled after an errant tee shot and a recovery shot that ricocheted off a tree, fortuitously into the fairway. His third shot from ended away and he holed the par putt to extend the playoff. The next hole was the 10th, and Perry failed to get up and down from left of the green; Cabrera two-putted from for par to become the first Argentinian to win the Masters. Rory McIlroy was involved in a controversial incident during the second round. In sixth place on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12315903", "score": "1.1482881", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Danny Willett", "text": "the clubhouse at −5 when he posted a bogey-free final round of 67 and was crowned champion when Spieth finished at −2 alongside Lee Westwood. Willett became the first British player to win the Masters for 20 years, Nick Faldo having won in 1996. After being presented with the green jacket as champion, Willett said: \"It was a very surreal day when you look back at the ebbs and flows.\" After his win, Willett accepted PGA Tour membership and rose to the 9th place of the Official World Golf Ranking. Beside the first major win at the Masters, 2016 proved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14594364", "score": "1.1451793", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hubert Green", "text": "off by the interruption — or would try to make excuses about it.\" At the 1985 PGA Championship, Green won his second major title, two strokes ahead of defending champion Lee Trevino. It was Green's 19th and final victory on the PGA Tour. In 1998, his second season on the Senior PGA Tour (now PGA Tour Champions), Green won the Bruno's Memorial Classic in his hometown of Birmingham, Alabama. He shot a final round of 64, playing the last six holes with an eagle, four birdies, and one par to beat Hale Irwin by one stroke. Green was also active", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7626763", "score": "1.1426804", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2004 PGA Championship", "text": "72nd hole to finish two strokes behind. Tiger Woods bogeyed two of the first four holes and wound up with a 73, his worst finish in the majors this year, and extended his streak to 10 majors without winning, which was the longest drought of his career at that time. He won the next major, his fourth green jacket at the Masters, in 2005. Leonard, playing in the final group at the PGA Championship for the third time, took a two-shot lead with five holes to play with an birdie putt on 13. Leonard missed four putts inside down the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11655962", "score": "1.140481", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2005 Masters Tournament", "text": "since I put that behind me and went out and put a good number on the back nine, I feel very good.\"\" - Chris DiMarco on his final round. \"\"That was a hard-fought week with the rain delays, I didn't get off to the greatest of starts.\"\" - Tiger Woods on the long week of golf. 2005 Masters Tournament The 2005 Masters Tournament was the 69th Masters Tournament, played from April 7–10 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Tiger Woods, 29, won his fourth green jacket on the first hole of a playoff with Chris DiMarco. Rain was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11665705", "score": "1.1398132", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Rickie Fowler", "text": "Scott. After a tie for fifth at the Masters in April, Fowler had his best finish of 2014 at the U.S. Open at Pinehurst No. 2 in North Carolina. Fowler was runner-up with Erik Compton at −1, best finishes for both at a major, but they were eight stroke behind champion Martin Kaymer. Fowler had another second-place finish at the Open Championship at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Hoylake, England. He began the final round six strokes behind Rory McIlroy and finished the day tied for second with Sergio García at −15, two strokes behind McIlroy. At the next major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10728900", "score": "1.137717", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Charl Schwartzel", "text": "at the first hole for birdie and then holed his second shot from the middle of the fairway at the third for eagle. This wiped out the four stroke lead of Rory McIlroy, but then Schwartzel bogeyed the fourth hole to drop one behind. For the rest of the round he maintained this score, until he reached the last four holes where he holed clutch putts to finish with four consecutive birdies, a feat unprecedented in the Masters' 75 years history. It put him back in the lead and he ultimately won the Green Jacket and his first major championship.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4717309", "score": "1.1340077", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2016 Masters Tournament", "text": "Rae's Creek. Willett shot a bogey-free 67 to overtake Spieth when the leader faltered on the back nine. Willett became the first European to win the Masters since 1999, and the first Englishman to do so since Nick Faldo in 1996. This was the final Masters appearance for former champion Tom Watson. The course was formerly a plant nursery and each hole on the course is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated. The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18713489", "score": "1.1319902", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "M.C. Mini Masters", "text": "the winners of the PGA's Masters win the Green Jacket, the winners of the M.C. Mini Masters receive the Ugly Jacket. In 2005, the tournament hosted a professional division for the first time, but due to some turnover in the offices of the USPMGA, the Pro Division did not continue in 2006. The M.C. Mini Masters has made a commitment to remain strictly amateur in the future. Tournament director Mick Cullen announced in March 2007 that Libertyville, the closing course of the Mini Masters for four of five years from 2002-2006, would have to be replaced because the course had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9265055", "score": "1.1296048", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "2016 Masters Tournament", "text": "the par-3 12th and made quadruple bogey, dropping him to a tie for fourth. Willett, meanwhile, made birdie at 13 and 14 to take the lead. Lee Westwood chipped in for eagle at the 15th to get within one of Willett, but then made bogey on 16 while Willett made birdie. Willett made par on the last two holes to post a round of 67 and five-under for the tournament. After rebounding with birdies on 13 and 15, Spieth needed to birdie two of his last three holes to tie but missed a birdie at 16 then bogeyed 17 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18713499", "score": "1.1289682", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "2007 Masters Tournament", "text": "Jim Furyk managed a 75 to keep himself in contention. Gary Player, playing in his 50th Masters, could only manage an 83 (+11); two-time winner Seve Ballesteros was at 86 (+14). Tim Clark, the 2006 runner-up, produced a wonderful shot on the 18th hole. At even par, he pulled his second shot to the left of the green and chose to putt. His ball went all the way round the green before it dropped for a birdie and 71. The leaders after the first round were Justin Rose and Brett Wetterich at 69. Rose set a new lowest putts record,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10012247", "score": "1.1276386", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "2010 Masters Tournament", "text": "with two birdies in his first three holes, but he quickly cooled off and ended up in sixth place. Overnight leader Lee Westwood started erratically, while Phil Mickelson parred his first seven holes. K.J. Choi was briefly tied for the lead at -12 with a birdie at 10 but he eventually fell back to a tie for fourth with playing partner Tiger Woods (they were paired together for all four rounds of the tournament). Twenty-four-year-old Anthony Kim shot a blistering 65, including a -5 run over four holes; he finished third. But down the stretch, Mickelson pulled away from Westwood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13275192", "score": "1.1202875", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

{ "title": "Masters Tournament", "long_answer": "Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Palmer and Tiger Woods won four each, and five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983.", "chunked_long_answer": "Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Palmer and Tiger Woods won four each, and five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983.", "short_answers": [ "Nicklaus" ] }

[ "Thomas Mundy Peterson" ]

[ { "title": "Thomas Mundy Peterson", "text": "Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 – February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African-American to vote in an election under the just-enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Bob Moses (activist)", "text": "White Democrats had disfranchised Mississippi's blacks in their 1890 constitution, which required poll taxes, and other barriers, such as residency requirements, and subjective literacy tests. It was nearly impossible for blacks to register and vote. After decades of violence and repression under Jim Crow, by the 1960s most blacks did not bother trying to register. In 1965, only one African American among 5500 in Amite County was registered to vote. Moses faced nearly relentless violence and official intimidation, and was beaten and arrested in Amite County. He was the first African American to challenge white violence, and filed assault charges", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5876240", "score": "1.1043147", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Robert G. Clark Jr.", "text": "Holmes County, Clark became involved in the civil rights movement, which had been working to register and educate voters since 1963. After passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, he agreed to be a candidate in 1967 of the Freedom Democratic Party. Since assignment of a federal registrar in the county in November 1965, the FDP registered thousands of black voters for the first time since the disfranchisement of their ancestors in 1890. Clark was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1967 by the black majority of the county. He was the first African American elected to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12187802", "score": "1.0994064", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Hartman Turnbow", "text": "April 1963, Turnbow, with a group of 13 other African Americans, including Hollis Watkins, Ozell Mitchell, and Alma Mitchell Carnegie, went to the Holmes County courthouse to register to vote. They became known as the \"First 14.\" There they were approached by the deputy sheriff who, with his weapon drawn, said to the group, \"Alright. Who's first?\" At that point, Turnbow stepped forward and told the deputy sheriff \"Me, Hartman Turnbow. I came here to die to vote. I'm the first.\" Hartman became the first African American to successfully register to vote in Mississippi and the first African American to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18618348", "score": "1.0989733", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Frank Voelker Sr.", "text": "registration of twenty-eight African Americans. They would be the first members of their race registered to vote in East Carroll Parish since 1922. Few blacks had been allowed to register since 1898, when a new state constitution instituted measures that enabled discriminatory administration of barriers to voter registration. Voelker said that Hunter had overstepped his judicial limits by acting in an executive authority in ordering the registration of the black citizens. The East Carroll Parish voter registrar, Cecil Manning, resigned and closed the office on June 14 rather than allow the new registrants to be placed on the rolls. Blacks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17353269", "score": "1.0918132", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rosanell Eaton", "text": "by people like Rosanell Eaton. Rosanell Eaton Rosanell Eaton (April 14, 1921 – December 8, 2018) was an American civil rights worker. She was born on a farm near Louisburg, North Carolina. When she was 21 years old, Eaton became one of the first African Americans to vote in her county after completing a literacy test. She registered more than 4,000 citizens to vote in North Carolina. In August 2015, President Obama, in his response to the New York Times cover story on \"Efforts over the last 50 years to dismantle the protections in the Voting Rights Act of 1965\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18962344", "score": "1.0738649", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era", "text": "registration act that required those who were illiterate to satisfy \"understanding tests\" by correctly answering 20 of 30 questions related to citizenship posed by the voting registrar. Blacks had made substantial advances in education, but the individual white registrars were the sole persons to determine whether individual prospective voters answered correctly. In practice, registrars disqualified most black voters, whether they were educated or not. In Terrell County, for instance, which was 64% black in population, after passage of the act, only 48 black Americans were able to register to vote in 1958. The NAACP's steady progress with individual cases was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9778210", "score": "1.0629334", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Rosanell Eaton", "text": "Rosanell Eaton Rosanell Eaton (April 14, 1921 – December 8, 2018) was an American civil rights worker. She was born on a farm near Louisburg, North Carolina. When she was 21 years old, Eaton became one of the first African Americans to vote in her county after completing a literacy test. She registered more than 4,000 citizens to vote in North Carolina. In August 2015, President Obama, in his response to the New York Times cover story on \"Efforts over the last 50 years to dismantle the protections in the Voting Rights Act of 1965\", wrote that he was inspired", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18962343", "score": "1.057638", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Hollis Watkins", "text": "to six people volunteering to try and register, including Victoria Gray Adams. At the request of Amzie Moore, he next went to Holmes County, Mississippi, where he began to canvass potential voters. He was willing to risk his life for this movement, for instance one day he went to a shack on a plantation to talk to them about voting, but ended up being chased away and shot at by the plantation owner, however, that didn't stop him from going back the next week. Supplied with equipment by CBS News, Watkins went to the clerk of court’s office with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16124241", "score": "1.0546206", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Government of Mississippi", "text": "following passage of the Federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 under President Lyndon Johnson, would most African-American men and women have the chance to register and vote again in Mississippi and other Southern states. In 1967 the first twelve black men ran for office for the first time since Reconstruction in Holmes County; two gained local office and one, teacher Robert G. Clark, was elected to the state house. He continued to be re-elected from Holmes County and in the late 20th century, was elected three times as speaker of the House. On September 26, 2008, presidential candidates Barack Obama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13049789", "score": "1.0523497", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "128th Georgia General Assembly", "text": "of 1965 had opened voter registration to blacks, saw eleven African Americans elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in special elections in 1965 and 1966. By ending the disfranchisement of blacks through discriminatory voter registration, African Americans regained the ability to vote and entered the political process. This was the first time that African-Americans had sat in the House since W. H. Rogers of McIntosh resigned his seat in 1907. Among them were six from Atlanta (William Alexander, Julian Bond, Benjamin Brown, J. C. Daugherty, J. D. Grier, Grace Towns Hamilton, John Hood) and one each from Columbus (Albert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20984298", "score": "1.0474494", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Winson Hudson", "text": "Commission on Civil Rights to speak about harassment of blacks attempting to register to vote. Winson started paying poll taxes in 1937 until it was no longer required after the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. During that time, she only voted for the trustee of Harmony School. When she first tried to register to vote in the National Elections, she was denied several times. Winson began trying to obtain a voter registration card in 1937 and it was not until 1962 when she and her sister, Dovie Hudson, passed a required", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7588632", "score": "1.0416521", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Amite County, Mississippi", "text": "He was beaten by Bill Caston, a cousin to the sheriff, near the county courthouse, and arrested. He was told to leave the county for his own safety. In the 1960s, only one African American of the total of 5,500 in Amite County was a registered voter. Even after the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965, extensive grassroots efforts were required to register eligible voters. Racial violence against blacks in the county escalated during the years of the Civil Rights Movement. On September 25, 1961, at the Westbrook Cotton Gin, about a dozen witnesses, both white and black, saw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "942373", "score": "1.03965", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tuskegee, Alabama", "text": "light on the disparities in the numbers of black people applying for voter registration and those who were successful, even going as far as talking to the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957, activists had made progress in registering black voters in the city. African Americans in Tuskegee and other Alabama cities had been largely disenfranchised after passage of a new state constitution in 1901, which had requirements that were discriminatory in practice, such as poll tax and literacy tests. In 1957 the 400 registered black voters nearly equaled white voters;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "994894", "score": "1.0346526", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Herbert Lee (activist)", "text": "People (NAACP) for the purpose of registering black Americans to vote; Lee became a charter member and attended meetings in a neighboring farmhouse. Mississippi's constitution of 1890 politically disfranchised black Americans, creating barriers such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses to exclude blacks from voting. Only one black person was registered in all of Amite County, though they never actually voted. When Bob Moses of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) arrived in Amite County in 1961 to organize a voter registration movement, Lee served as a chauffeur for him and other SNCC activists. Immediately upon arriving in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21009497", "score": "1.033342", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "A. T. Walden", "text": "exclude blacks from voting. When that was struck down by a United States Supreme Court decision in \"Smith v. Allwright\" (1944), black activists worked to register African-American voters. Walden devoted much of his political career pursuing this objective in Atlanta after blacks were effectively enfranchised again in 1946. He became a founder and co-chair with J. W. Dobbs of the Atlanta Negro Voters League and leader of the All-Citizens Registration Committee. Block-by-block efforts helped increase the number of black registered voters from 1,800 in 1910 to 25,000 by 1939, but individual efforts routinely encountered outright discriminatory practices by white registrars.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17258117", "score": "1.0328679", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Gwendolyn T. Britt", "text": "She was also a Freedom Rider in the 1960s and spent 40 days in jail in Jackson, Mississippi. She was also a voter registration volunteer in McComb, Mississippi, helping African Americans who had been denied the right to register to vote because they could not interpret the Constitution before white registrars. In 2007, Britt co-sponsored a controversial bill with State Delegate Justin Ross that would allow convicted released felons the right to vote, and became lead sponsor of a bill that would legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland. The former bill successfully passed both the houses of the Maryland state legislature,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9755327", "score": "1.0266644", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Florenza Moore Grant", "text": "Florenza Moore Grant Florenza Moore Grant (December 5, 1921 – July 30, 2001) Her family battled against the USDA claiming there was a discriminatory practice against them. Florenza Grant was the first African-Americans to register to vote in Halifax County, North Carolina, in the 1950s. Her family also ran a gas station, barbershop, and other businesses. She had joined the NAACP in her younger years and continued to take part in protests up into her early 30's. Grant was born in Rich Square, North Carolina. She grew up on a farm with her 11 siblings. She graduated high school and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20614236", "score": "1.0253524", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Albert Turner (civil rights activist)", "text": "for four hours in the afternoon. In addition, many potential black voters in the Black Belt are elderly and/or illiterate due to inferior education, again limiting poll access. As a result, local civil rights organizations, including the Perry County Civic League (PCCL), began to register black voters for and assist them with absentee ballots. In 1979, Maggie Bozeman and Julia Wilder were convicted of absentee voter fraud in a 1978 election held in Pickens County. The verdict was reached by an all-white jury, and the pair were sentenced to four (Bozeman) and five (Wilder) years imprisonment, believed to be the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19988030", "score": "1.0249219", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Marie Foster", "text": "Selma\". She tried to register to vote eight times before succeeding. Following her successful registration, Foster began teaching other African Americans how to pass the tests used to bar them. One person showed up to her first class, in which she taught the 70-year-old man how to write his own name. Gradually, the classes drew more and more people. As the Civil Rights Movement grew, Foster became an organizer for the Dallas County area. She participated in the march on March 7, 1965, that became known as Bloody Sunday. As the march approached the Edmund Pettus Bridge, a combined state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13907300", "score": "1.0204377", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Emmett Till", "text": "resident and sharecropper Fannie Lou Hamer was jailed and beaten for attempting to register to vote. The next year, she led a massive voter registration drive in the Delta region, and volunteers worked on Freedom Summer throughout the state. Before 1954, 265 black people were registered to vote in three Delta counties, where they were a majority of the population. At this time, blacks made up 41% of the total state population. The summer Emmett Till was killed, the number of registered voters in those three counties dropped to 90. By the end of 1955, fourteen Mississippi counties had no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2523045", "score": "1.0202144", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Selma to Montgomery marches", "text": "whites were registered. More blacks would register by November, when their goal was to replace County Sheriff Jim Clark; his opponent was Wilson Baker, for whom they had respect. In addition, five blacks ran for office in Dallas County. Rev. P. H. Lewis, pastor of Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church, ran for state representative on the Democratic ticket. David Ellwanger, a brother of Rev. Joseph Ellwanger of Birmingham, who led supporters in Selma in 1965, challenged incumbent state senator Walter C. Givhan (d. 1976), a fierce segregationist and a power in the state senate. First elected to the state senate in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3105834", "score": "1.0195293", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era", "text": "Mississippi Plan until January 1, 1898. Any male citizen could be registered who was able to read a section of the constitution or to satisfy the election officer that he understood it when read to him. Those thus registered were to remain voters for life. Under the new constitution and application of literacy practices, black voters were dropped in great number from the registration rolls: by 1896, in a state where according to the 1890 census blacks numbered 728,934 and comprised nearly sixty percent of the total population, only 5,500 black voters had succeeded in registering. States also used grandfather", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9778188", "score": "1.0195149", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Leander Perez", "text": "for Racial Equality (CORE) came to Plaquemines Parish to run a voter registration drive for African Americans. About 45 members, both black and white, came to work in the parish and organize local people for voter registration classes, peaceful marches, and drives to register. In a short time, 300 CORE activists and local people were arrested for peaceful protest, but CORE leaders negotiated with the local sheriff and mayor to permit some actions. After training and concerted action, a number of local African Americans did succeed in registering to vote, although many were still prevented, on largely specious grounds for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5919168", "score": "1.0170058", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "East Carroll Parish, Louisiana", "text": "John M. Parker, future governor of Louisiana and the vice-presidential choice of the Bull Moose Party ticket in the 1912 presidential election. Since the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, African Americans gradually gained the ability to register to vote and continue to vote at high levels. They have tended to support Democratic Party candidates, as the national party had supported the civil rights movement. President Lyndon B. Johnson helped secure passage of major legislation on civil rights. As East Carroll Parish is majority black, its voters still favor Democratic Party candidates. Most conservative whites have shifted since", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "954952", "score": "1.0152695", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "John Wesley Dobbs", "text": "life). Believing that enfranchisement was the key to overcoming segregation, Dobbs started a voter registration drive in 1936 with a goal of registering 10,000 black voters in Georgia. That year, Dobbs founded the Atlanta Civic and Political League, and in 1946, along with A.T. Walden, he co-founded the Atlanta Negro Voters League. During the 1930s and 1940s, laws keeping blacks from voting, by raising barriers to voter registration or to voting in primaries, were found by the US Supreme Court to be unconstitutional. Between 1936 and 1946, 20,000 African-American voters were registered to vote in Atlanta for the first time.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7005235", "score": "1.0137496", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "British African-Caribbean people", "text": "MP Diane Abbott being the first Black person elected to the House of Commons in 1987. Elected alongside her were two other Afro-Carribbeam Labour MPs, Bernie Grant and Paul Boateng. Linda C. Douglas was the first Black member of the party's National Executive Committee, representing the later expelled Militant tendency. British African-West Indians have long asserted that they encounter discriminatory barriers to most middle- and higher-status occupations, as well as discrimination in hiring practices at all levels of employment. There is also considerable evidence that African-Caribbean people experience differential treatment at the hands of public officials, the British courts and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8047322", "score": "1.0120134", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Benjamin Tillman", "text": "months in advance of the election, in May when laborers had the least cash. Each registrant had to prove to the satisfaction of the county board of elections that he could read or write a section of the state constitution (in a literacy or comprehension test), or that he paid taxes on property valued at $300 or more. This allowed white registrars ample discretion to disenfranchise African Americans. Illiterate whites were shielded by the \"understanding\" clause, that allowed, until 1898, permanent registration to citizens who could \"understand\" the constitution when read to them. This also allowed officials great leeway to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1632358", "score": "1.0059696", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Aaron Henry", "text": "years prior to the time that he voted. Therefore, he tried to get black Mississippians to go down to the courthouse to register to vote. However, several veterans, who were non-white, were unable to register. When Henry went to the circuit clerk's office to register, he was rejected, as had been other black Americans. The clerk asked Henry to bring a certificate showing that he was exempt from the poll tax. Although he brought the certificate, the clerk said that Henry still needed to pass various tests to show that he was qualified to vote. He was finally able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8011140", "score": "1.0044854", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Leander Perez", "text": "failing to answer questions about the state constitution. The movement also worked to get Seymourville and another small community included within the city boundaries; the city was trying to exclude these majority-black communities from being incorporated in order to prevent black votes from being counted for election of the city commission. Voting rights work took place in other nearby parishes as well; in October an African-American man was the first of his race to register to vote in West Feliciana Parish since the early years following disenfranchisement. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal segregation, and the Voting Rights", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5919169", "score": "1.0031958", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Thomas Mundy Peterson", "long_answer": "Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 – February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African-American to vote in an election under the just-enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870.", "chunked_long_answer": "Thomas Mundy Peterson (October 6, 1824 – February 4, 1904) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey was the first African-American to vote in an election under the just-enacted provisions of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. His vote was cast on March 31, 1870.", "short_answers": [ "Thomas Mundy Peterson" ] }

[ "Have I Told You Lately" ]

[ { "title": "Have I Told You Lately", "text": "\"Have I Told You Lately\" is a hit song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded for his album Avalon Sunset (1989). It is a romantic ballad often played at weddings, although it was originally written as a prayer.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?", "text": "50's Masters\", Presley recorded it on January 19, 1957, at RCA's Radio Recorders in Hollywood for his \"Loving You\" album. Session musicians for the song included Presley himself on rhythm guitar, his usual lead guitarist Scotty Moore, with Bill Black on bass, D.J. Fontana on drums, piano by Dudley Brooks, organ by Hoyt Hawkins, and background vocals were of course The Jordanaires. When the song was included on the \"Loving You\" album release in July 1957, it immediately prompted both Ricky Nelson and Eddie Cochran to record cover versions of the song. Nelson's was the \"B\" side of a hit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7005600", "score": "1.0163976", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Love You Lately", "text": "Love You Lately \"Love You Lately\" is the fifth single from Daniel Powter's eponymous second studio album, \"Daniel Powter\". It is also the only additional track to appear on the CD of the 2006 deluxe edition/re-release which also included a DVD with all of the music videos accompanying the preceding four singles ('Bad Day', 'Free Loop (One Night Stand)', 'Jimmy Gets High' and 'Lie To Me'), a selection of live versions of songs on the album filmed in concert at 'Studio A' and a selection of B Sides. The deluxe edition, 'Love You Lately' and Powter's compilation album 'B Sides'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12064414", "score": "0.9945203", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "George in his book \"Post-Soul Nation: The Explosive, Contradictory, Triumphant, and Tragic 1980s\" called it an \"instant dance anthem\". For the 29th annual Grammy Awards of 1987, \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" received one nomination for Best Rhythm & Blues Song but lost to Anita Baker's \"Sweet Love\". \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" was released on January 13, 1986. It debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 95 and climbed moderately and peaked at number four on the \"Billboard\" issue dated May 17, 1986. It spent 21 weeks on the chart and became the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851805", "score": "0.9845594", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Have I Told You Lately", "text": "recorded by numerous artists and bands. In 1993, Rod Stewart's version charted at number five on both the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 as well as on the UK Singles Chart. Composed as a love ballad and built on the framework of \"Someone Like You\", it is preceded on \"Avalon Sunset\" by the song, \"I'd Love to Write Another Song\" proclaiming \"In poetry I'd carve it well/ I'd even make it rhyme.\" Then, in the words of Brian Hinton what follows is: Coney Island Medley with the Chieftains Rod Stewart covered the song for his album \"Vagabond Heart\" (1991). A live", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9568972", "score": "0.98308337", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Love You Lately", "text": "being left on, tribute to the song's lyrics: 'Cause there's a thousand lights that'll make you feel brand new, but if you ever lose your way, I'll leave one on for you.\" Love You Lately was later remixed as a bonus track for Powter's third studio album \"Under the Radar\". The remix contains a cleaner sound, extra keyboard/synthesizer effects, and some extra backing vocals. It was also re-released as a promo single in the US. Love You Lately \"Love You Lately\" is the fifth single from Daniel Powter's eponymous second studio album, \"Daniel Powter\". It is also the only additional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12064417", "score": "0.96976817", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "Lately?'\". The song was also included on Jackson's Unbreakable World Tour (2015–16). During the 2017-2018 State of the World Tour, it was performed interpolating Cardi B's \"Bodak Yellow\". \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is regarded as one of the singer's singles which helped establish her as a known artist. Upon its debut, it was compared favorably to similar recordings of female empowerment released by black women, such as \"New Attitude\" by Patti LaBelle, \"Better Be Good to Me\" by Tina Turner and \"Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves\" by Aretha Franklin. Oprah Winfrey commented: \"What you're seeing in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851818", "score": "0.9660413", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Have You Seen Me Lately", "text": "Have You Seen Me Lately Have You Seen Me Lately is singer-songwriter Carly Simon's seventeenth album, and fifteenth studio album, released in 1990. The album spent 32 weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200, peaking at No. 60. The first single \"Better Not Tell Her\" was hugely successful on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at No. 4, and becoming Simon's biggest hit of the 1990s. The second single \"Holding Me Tonight\" was also successful on this chart, peaking at No. 36. Judy Collins contributed backing vocals on the track \"Fisherman's Song\". Simon made music videos for the singles \"Better Not Tell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6501974", "score": "0.965285", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Better Not Tell Her", "text": "roaring bonfire while she and company dance around and play guitars. Better Not Tell Her \"Better Not Tell Her\" is a song written and performed by Carly Simon, and produced by Frank Filipetti and Paul Samwell-Smith. The song served as the lead single from Simon's fifteenth studio album, \"Have You Seen Me Lately\". A salsa-infused track, the song features a Spanish guitar solo by Jay Berliner. The single was a huge Adult Contemporary hit, remaining on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart for 21 weeks, peaking at #4 and becoming Simon's biggest hit of the entire decade. The second single from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18000890", "score": "0.96499884", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "get it Zach [Ryder] this is a \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" industry. What has Zach Ryder done for Mojo Rawley lately? Nothing!\" Credits adapted from \"Control\" album booklet. What Have You Done for Me Lately \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986). Jackson co-wrote the song with its producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It was released on January 13, 1986 as the album's lead single, by A&M Records. After two unsuccessful albums and a management change, the singer began developing a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851823", "score": "0.94376975", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "What Have You Done for Me Lately \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986). Jackson co-wrote the song with its producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It was released on January 13, 1986 as the album's lead single, by A&M Records. After two unsuccessful albums and a management change, the singer began developing a new album. \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" was originally penned for one of Jam and Lewis's own records, but the lyrics were rewritten to convey Jackson's feelings about her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851791", "score": "0.9361827", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Have I Told You Lately", "text": "Greatest Hits\" contains a remastered version of this song and it was also featured on the compilation album, \"Van Morrison at the Movies - Soundtrack Hits\". A live performance version was included on his 1994 album, \"A Night in San Francisco\". In 1995 Morrison accompanied The Chieftains on a recording of the song for their album \"The Long Black Veil\"; this version was awarded the 1996 Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. A jazz arrangement is featured on the 2018 album Morrison recorded with organist Joey DeFrancesco entitled \"You're Driving Me Crazy\". Filmed performances of the song include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9568974", "score": "0.93489575", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "When You Tell Me That You Love Me", "text": "The Norwegian soprano Sissel Kyrkjebø recorded \"When You Tell Me That You Love Me\" as a duet with Spanish tenor Jose Carreras on her 2007 album, Northern Lights. Sissel sings in English and Carreras sings in Italian. On the album the song is called \"Quando Sento Che Mi Ami\" The 12 American Idol Finalists - Season 4 Finalists got together perform this Diana Ross hit. It was selected as the American Red Cross Disaster Relief Single in 2005 for the American Idol TV show. It also appears on the compilation album. When You Tell Me That You Love Me \"When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9533808", "score": "0.932521", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tell Me You Love Me (song)", "text": "time with it. It also at the same time calls out a big misconception with the line, 'You ain't nobody 'til you got somebody,' which again comes from that vulnerability with mixed emotions.\" Lovato told the BBC the track was her favorite of the album, she later explained, \"It said exactly what I was wanting to tell that person. I wanted to hear them tell me that they loved me.\" Lovato published a black-and-white teaser on August 23, 2017, on social media, announcing the new album, with \"Tell Me You Love Me\" playing in the background. The clip shows Lovato", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20308052", "score": "0.9265014", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Love You Lately", "text": "all share the same sleeve artwork. 'Love You Lately' is also a bonus track on the Japanese Promo release of Powter's third studio album \"Under the Radar\". The music video to \"Love You Lately\" is available on Powter's website and YouTube on the Warner Bros. Records channel. The plot is about a girl (played by Rachael Leigh Cook), from the country-side who moves to the city, seeking a job and possibly a better life. Yet, in doing so, she leaves behind her boyfriend, whom she cannot forget. While in the city, she works as a studio assistant on the set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12064415", "score": "0.9235422", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Have You Seen Me Lately", "text": "album 3 out of 5 stars. All tracks composed by Carly Simon; except where indicated Album - Billboard (North America) Album - International Singles - Billboard (North America) Have You Seen Me Lately Have You Seen Me Lately is singer-songwriter Carly Simon's seventeenth album, and fifteenth studio album, released in 1990. The album spent 32 weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200, peaking at No. 60. The first single \"Better Not Tell Her\" was hugely successful on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at No. 4, and becoming Simon's biggest hit of the 1990s. The second single \"Holding Me Tonight\" was also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6501976", "score": "0.9232948", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "I've Been Loving You Too Long", "text": "number 68 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Aretha Franklin released a version of the song on her 1972 album, \"Young, Gifted and Black. I've Been Loving You Too Long \"I've Been Loving You Too Long\" (originally \"I've Been Loving You Too Long (To Stop Now)\") is a soul music ballad written by Otis Redding and Jerry Butler. Considered by music critics and writers to be one of Redding's finest performances and a soul classic, it is a slow, emotional piece with Redding's pleading vocals backed by producer Steve Cropper's arpeggiated guitar parts and a horn section. Redding recorded the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7579478", "score": "0.9180029", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Tell Me You Love Me (song)", "text": "EP was re-released, and one remix of the song by Matrix & Futurebound was released. \"Tell Me You Love Me\" is written in the key of E minor with a tempo of 72 beats per minute in common time. The song follows a chord progression of Em–D–C, and Lovato's vocals span from A to G. Elias Leight of \"Rolling Stone\" called the song \"a swelling ballad full of horns and handclaps\". Mike Wass of Idolator described the song as \"a fiery mid-tempo anthem\". Jeff Benjamin of Fuse called the song a \"booming ballad\". Deepa Lakshmin of MTV News described Lovato's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20308054", "score": "0.91103953", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I Never Told You", "text": "performed moderately well, it has peaked at #48 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #3 on the Adult Pop Songs. In 'I Never Told You,' Colbie Caillat reveals she still has feelings for a previous love and misses him. Caillat originally penned this song while touring Europe in her hotel bathroom. She told Starpulse.com: \"I wrote it about someone I had broken up with that I was missing at the time.\" Later, the song was completed during a three-week \"writing camp\" in Hawaii that Caillat organized with fellow singer/songwriter Jason Reeves and American Idol judge Kara DioGuardi. In the review", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14381442", "score": "0.91025335", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "I Almost Told You That I Loved You", "text": "another girl trying to escape and drops a ring that on the inside says \"I Love You\". I Almost Told You That I Loved You \"I Almost Told You That I Loved You\" is the third single from Californian rock band Papa Roach's fifth album, \"Metamorphosis\", and twelfth released single in total. The video is set in a brothel filled with strippers with the band playing in the middle of it. The scenes flick off in many places to acts of sexual intercourse. There are three versions of the video: the one for public viewing (without Jacoby Shaddix being whipped", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13276549", "score": "0.9098152", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "I'll Always Love You (Taylor Dayne song)", "text": "but I just have to tell you. I love your voice.\" This single was her first crossover hit, being her first song on the adult contemporary radio format and her only song to chart on the R&B chart. It reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on September 24, 1988. I'll Always Love You (Taylor Dayne song) \"I'll Always Love You\" is a song by American singer Taylor Dayne and the third single from her debut album, \"Tell It to My Heart\". The song is a romantic ballad, showcasing Dayne's softer side—after the first two singles released were mainly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9029823", "score": "0.9086722", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "I Never Told You", "text": "I Never Told You \"I Never Told You\" is a song by the American pop singer-songwriter Colbie Caillat from her second album \"Breakthrough\" (2009). The song was released on February 16, 2010 in the United States as the second single. The song is a power ballad in E-flat major and was written by Caillat, Jason Reeves and Kara DioGuardi and produced by DioGuardi. The song talks about the love the singer still has for her lover they felt strongly about at one point in their life. The song received positive reviews from music critics. In the charts, the song has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14381441", "score": "0.9035189", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "Jackson's first two albums. According to William Ruhlmann of AllMusic, Jackson was an \"aggressive, independent woman\" on the song. Connie Johnson from \"Los Angeles Times\" gave the song a positive review, emphasizing her \"spunky authority\". Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine praised the song, calling it \"female-empowering\" and wrote, \"'What Have You Done for Me Lately' predates TLC's 'No Scrubs' by over a decade\". For \"Spin\" magazine's J.C. Stevenson, most of the album's power is in its dance floor authority, with songs such as \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\". \"Blues & Soul\" considered it \"supreme in its execution\". Nelson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851804", "score": "0.9027194", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It also peaked at number two on the US Dance Club Songs and topped the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. Outside of the US, it topped the singles chart in the Netherlands and peaked within the top ten in Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video for \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" was directed by Brian Jones and Piers Ashworth and choreographed by singer Paula Abdul. In it, Jackson goes to a diner with her friends to talk about her relationship problems.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851793", "score": "0.9017006", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "what you say. Life is also about what you do\". \"Vibe\" noted that with \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\", Jackson stands up to men. \"New York\" magazine's Chris Smith called the song's chorus \"fully belligerent\". In a \"Billboard\" publication, Nelson George noted its \"taunting, tigerish\" beat. Ed Gonzalez from Slant Magazine commented, \"Nothing sends me into a trembling, corner-cowering stupor than a giggly, under-enunciated Janet Jackson jam.\" Critical reviews for \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" were positive. \"Rolling Stone\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Rob Hoerburger expressed that \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" erased the former \"pop-ingénue image\" of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851803", "score": "0.8992408", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "Jackson the title question. Lyrically, it involves the singer asking why her lover was not as attentive as he once was. He was not treating her as well as he used to, and she calls him a \"loser\" in response. \"I never ask for more than I deserve, you know it's the truth. You seem to think you're God's gift to this earth. I'm telling you no way\", Jackson sings. Veda A. McCoy in the book \"Lifepower: Six Winning Strategies to a Life of Purpose, Passion & Power\" expressed that the song reminded that \"life is about more than just", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851802", "score": "0.89887804", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "recent divorce from James DeBarge in January 1985. It revolves around a woman's frustration with her partner in a relationship. Critical reviews for \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" were positive, with music critics believing it erased the former \"pop-ingénue image\" of Jackson's first two albums, reestablishing her as an \"independent woman\" figure. The song has been featured in critic lists as one of the greatest songs of all times and received one nomination for Best Rhythm & Blues Song on the 29th annual Grammy Awards of 1987. The song peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851792", "score": "0.89327645", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Have You Ever Been in Love (song)", "text": "Have You Ever Been in Love (song) \"Have You Ever Been in Love\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Celine Dion, included first on her seventh English studio album \"A New Day Has Come\" (2002) and later, on her eight English studio album \"One Heart\" (2003). The song is a power ballad, written by Anders Bagge, Peer Åström, Tom Nichols, Daryl Hall and Laila Bagge, while production was handled by Bagge & Peer. \"Have You Ever Been in Love\" builds from a gentle, piano-laced opening into a theatrical, string-framed climax. The song received acclaim from music critics, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9261414", "score": "0.8928516", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "text": "founded by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis in Minneapolis. Jackson recorded the whole album, but A&M label executive and manager John McClain wanted one more uptempo song to compose the album. She then went back to Minneapolis to record one more track, titled \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\", which was originally penned for one of Jam and Lewis's own records. Jam remembered, \"She was sitting outside in the lounge and said, 'Man, that's a funky track. Who's that for?' And we said, 'It's for you', and she said, 'Oh, cool'. I think she was very pleased when she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4851799", "score": "0.8905591", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Baby I Love You (TEE song)", "text": "many people's wedding days. A writer for the Music Lounge branded it a classic wedding song. Che'Nelle's version won the Most Popular Song / Artist award at the ISUM Bridal Music Award 2014. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Luv Songs - Special Edition\". Two remixed versions of the song by DJ Kaori and DJ Komori were featured on Che'Nelle's 2013 Special Edition of \"Luv Songs\". In 2016, Che'Nelle recorded a reggae-fushion version with Jamaican artist Shifta and it features on their collaborative album \"You and I\". A new version of the song titled \"Baby I Love You (Last", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20829627", "score": "0.88923645", "original_retrieval_index": 41 } ]

{ "title": "Have I Told You Lately", "long_answer": "\"Have I Told You Lately\" is a hit song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded for his album Avalon Sunset (1989). It is a romantic ballad often played at weddings, although it was originally written as a prayer.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Have I Told You Lately\" is a hit song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded for his album Avalon Sunset (1989). It is a romantic ballad often played at weddings, although it was originally written as a prayer.", "short_answers": [ "Have I Told You Lately" ] }

[ "31 December 1600" ]

[ { "title": "East India Company", "text": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies. Before them the Portuguese Estado da India had traded there for much of the 16th century and the first of half a dozen Dutch Companies sailed to trade there from 1595, which amalgamated in March 1602 into the United East Indies Company (VOC), which introduced the first permanent joint stock from 1612 (meaning investment into shares did not need to be returned, but could be traded on a stock exchange). Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the EIC's shares.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Imperialism", "text": "India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to other empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy. By the year 1670 Britain's imperialist ambitions were well off as she had colonies in Virginia, Massachusetts, Bermuda, Honduras, Antigua, Barbados, Jamaica and Nova Scotia. Due to the vast imperialist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "201357", "score": "1.10743", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "1857 and the company ceased to exist when the company dissolved through the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873. In the 18th century, Britain had a huge trade deficit with Qing dynasty China and so, in 1773, the company created a British monopoly on opium buying in Bengal, India, by prohibiting the licensing of opium farmers and private cultivation. The monopoly system established in 1799 continued with minimal changes until 1947. As the opium trade was illegal in China, Company ships could not carry opium to China. So the opium produced in Bengal was sold in Calcutta on condition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538303", "score": "1.063045", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "\"Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies\", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, spices, saltpetre, tea, and opium. The company also ruled the beginnings of the British Empire in India. In his speech to the House of Commons in July 1833, Lord Macaulay explained that since the beginning, the East India company had always been involved in both trade and politics, just as its French and Dutch counterparts had been. The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538256", "score": "1.0556548", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "India Office", "text": "the India Office was closed down. Responsibility for the United Kingdom's relations with the two new countries was transferred to the Commonwealth Relations Office (formerly the Dominions Office). The East India Company was established in 1600 as a joint-stock company of English merchants who received, by a series of charters, exclusive rights to English trade with the \"Indies\", defined as the lands lying between the Cape of Good Hope and the Straits of Magellan; the term \"India\" had been derived from the name of the Indus River, long important to commerce and civilisation in the region. The Company soon established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5635671", "score": "1.0507748", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom", "text": "East India Company had been trade, not the building of an empire in India. Company interests turned from trade to territory during the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined in power and the British East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, the \"La Compagnie française des Indes orientales\", during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. The British, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French and their Indian allies in the Battle of Plassey, leaving the Company in control of Bengal and a major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "432659", "score": "1.048405", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Company rule in India", "text": "Raj. The English East India Company (\"the Company\") was founded in 1600, as \"The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies\". It gained a foothold in India with the establishment of a factory in Masulipatnam on the Eastern coast of India in 1611 and the grant of the rights to establish a factory in Surat in 1612 by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. In 1640, after receiving similar permission from the Vijayanagara ruler farther south, a second factory was established in Madras on the southeastern coast. Bombay island, not far from Surat, a former Portuguese outpost gifted to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2017336", "score": "1.0456812", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Madras Presidency", "text": "England (1533–1603) granted a group of English merchants a charter to establish a joint-stock company which became known as the East India Company. Subsequently, during the reign of King James I (1567–1625), Sir William Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe were sent to negotiate with the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (1569–1627) to permit the establishment of trading factories in India on behalf of the Company. The first of these were built at Surat on the west coast and at Masulipatam on the country's eastern seaboard. Masulipatam is thus the oldest English trading post on India's east coast, dating back to 1611. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4005470", "score": "1.0432147", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Joint-stock company", "text": "(later British) East India Company was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created \"Honourable East India Company\" a 15-year monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one that ruled India and exploited its resources, as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution. Soon afterwards, in 1602, the Dutch East India Company issued shares that were made tradable on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. That invention enhanced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2278844", "score": "1.0399843", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "India", "text": "gave rise to new Indian commercial and political elites along the coasts of southern and eastern India. As the empire disintegrated, many among these elites were able to seek and control their own affairs. By the early 18th century, with the lines between commercial and political dominance being increasingly blurred, a number of European trading companies, including the English East India Company, had established coastal outposts. The East India Company's control of the seas, greater resources, and more advanced military training and technology led it to increasingly flex its military muscle and caused it to become attractive to a portion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "190212", "score": "1.0349742", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "India–United Kingdom relations", "text": "in 1757 led to the conquest of Bengal while by 1857, following various treaties and wars with Indian kingdoms (such as the Anglo-Mysore Wars with Tipu Sultan, the Anglo-Maratha Wars and the Anglo-Sikh wars), the East India Company controlled most of the Indian subcontinent. Following the Indian Mutiny of 1857, where Indian sepoys rebelled against their British officers, the East India Company was dissolved the following year. The assets of the British East India Company became so huge that the British government decided to step in. India served as the main base for the British Empire's expansion across Asia and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12488531", "score": "1.0321436", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Pitt's India Act", "text": "set up for political activities and Court of directors for financial activities. By 1773 the East India Company was in dire financial straits and asked for assistance from the British Government. Faced with corruption and nepotism amongst the company officials in India, the British Government enacted the Regulating Act in 1773 to control the activities of the Company. The Act set up a system whereby it supervised (regulated) the work of the Company but did not take power for itself. This act was the stepping stone for the rule of British in India. The Act provided for not more than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8124623", "score": "1.0298797", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "profits because the financial backers in England took high risks: their money for possible profits or losses through shipwrecks, wars or calamities. The increasingly large territory the Company was annexing and collecting taxes was also run by the local Nawabs. In essence, it was a dual administration. Between 1765 and 1772 Robert Clive gave the responsibility of tax collecting, diwani, to the Indian deputy and judicial and police responsibilities to other Indian deputies. The Company concentrated its new power of collecting revenue and left the responsibilities to the Indian agencies. The East India Company took the beginning steps of British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538329", "score": "1.0282078", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "a big pension but lose the throne. The British East India Company gradually took over most of India by threat, intimidation, bribery or outright war. The East India Company was the first company to record the Chinese usage of orange-flavoured tea, which led to the development of Earl Grey tea. The East India Company introduced a system of merit-based appointments that provided a model for the British and Indian civil service. Widespread corruption and looting of Bengal resources and treasures during its rule resulted in poverty. Famines, such as the Great Bengal famine of 1770 and subsequent famines during the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538332", "score": "1.0274826", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "text": "in power and the East India Company battled for the spoils with the French East India Company (\"Compagnie française des Indes orientales\") during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. Victories at the Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar by Robert Clive gave the Company control over Bengal and made it the major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the extent of territories under its control, ruling either directly or in cooperation with local princes. Although Britain itself only had a small standing army, the Company had a large and well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1380739", "score": "1.0257019", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "and establish sprawling estates and businesses, and to obtain political power. The company developed a lobby in the English parliament. Under pressure from ambitious tradesmen and former associates of the company (pejoratively termed \"Interlopers\" by the company), who wanted to establish private trading firms in India, a deregulating act was passed in 1694. This allowed any English firm to trade with India, unless specifically prohibited by act of parliament, thereby annulling the charter that had been in force for almost 100 years. By an act that was passed in 1698, a new \"parallel\" East India Company (officially titled the \"English", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538284", "score": "1.0248464", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of colonialism", "text": "various regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they would eventually lose all their territories in India to the British, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondicherry and Chandernagore, the Dutch port in Travancore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman, and Diu. The English East India Company had been given permission by the Mughal emperor Jahangir in 1617 to trade in India. Gradually the Company's increasing influence led the \"de jure\" Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar to grant them \"dastaks\" or permits for duty-free trade in Bengal in 1717. The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8906662", "score": "1.0182445", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Company rule in India", "text": "England as dowry in the marriage of Catherine of Braganza to Charles II, was leased by the Company in 1668. Two decades later, the Company established a presence on the eastern coast as well; far up that coast, in the Ganges river delta, a factory was set up in Calcutta. Since, during this time other \"companies\"—established by the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and Danish—were similarly expanding in the region, the English Company's unremarkable beginnings on coastal India offered no clues to what would become a lengthy presence on the Indian subcontinent. The Company's victory under Robert Clive in the 1757 Battle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2017337", "score": "1.0174193", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia", "text": "East India Company led by Josiah Child, had little interest in or impact on the region, and were effectively expelled following the Siam–England war (1687). Britain, in the guise of the British East India Company, turned their attention to the Bay of Bengal following the Peace with France and Spain (1783). During the conflicts, Britain had struggled for naval superiority with the French, and the need of good harbours became evident. Penang Island had been brought to the attention of the Government of India by Francis Light. In 1786, the settlement of George Town was founded at the northeastern tip", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19807579", "score": "1.0161963", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "had by then rendered it vestigial, powerless, and obsolete. The official government machinery of British India assumed the East India Company's governmental functions and absorbed its navy and its armies in 1858. Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, the captured Spanish and Portuguese ships with their cargoes enabled English voyagers to potentially travel the globe in search of riches. London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The aim was to deliver a decisive blow to the Spanish and Portuguese monopoly of Far Eastern Trade. Elizabeth granted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538261", "score": "1.0137744", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Dharmaśāstra", "text": "(Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs). In 18th century, the earliest British of the East India Company acted as agents of the Mughal emperor. As the British colonial rule took over the political and administrative powers in India, it was faced with various state responsibilities such as legislative and judiciary functions. The East India Company, and later the British Crown, sought profits for its British shareholders through trade as well as sought to maintain effective political control with minimal military engagement. The administration pursued a path of least resistance, relying upon co-opted local intermediaries that were mostly Muslims and some Hindus in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4642320", "score": "1.013587", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Modern history", "text": "and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj. In 1819 Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a key trading post for Britain in their rivalry with the Dutch. However, their rivalry cooled in 1824 when an Anglo-Dutch treaty demarcated their respective interests in Southeast Asia. From the 1850s onwards, the pace of colonization shifted to a significantly higher gear. The Dutch East India Company (1800) and British East India Company (1858) were dissolved by their respective governments, who took over the direct administration of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3563868", "score": "1.0133414", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "British Empire", "text": "with the Treaty of Union, establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain. At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "52553", "score": "1.0129831", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Economic history of the United Kingdom", "text": "jewel was India, where in the 1750s a private British company, with its own army, the East India Company (or \"John Company\"), took control of parts of India. The 19th century saw Company rule extended across India after expelling the Dutch, French and Portuguese. By the 1830s the Company was a government and had given up most of its business in India, but it was still privately owned. Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the government closed down the Company and took control of British India and the Company's Presidency Armies. Free trade (with no tariffs and few trade barriers)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16043223", "score": "1.0124737", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of India", "text": "European powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondichéry and Chandernagore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu. In 1617 the British East India Company was given permission by Mughal Emperor Jahangir to trade in India. Gradually their increasing influence led the \"de jure\" Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar to grant them \"dastaks\" or permits for duty-free trade in Bengal in 1717. The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah, the \"de facto\" ruler", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "183709", "score": "1.0124314", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "East India Company", "text": "and had only indirect control until 1657 when permanent joint stock was established. During its first century of operation, the focus of the company was trade, not the building of an empire in India. Company interests turned from trade to territory during the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined in power and the East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, the French East India Company (\"Compagnie française des Indes orientales\") during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. The battles of Plassey and Buxar, in which the British defeated the Bengali powers, left the company in control", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538258", "score": "1.008836", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century", "text": "started during the reign of Akbar the Great, his son Jahangir was the one to strengthen this economic activity in the Indian subcontinent. The English and Dutch were granted 21-year permission of monopoly in the “East Indies”, which followed by the retorted answer from the Indian landlords – they encouraged the establishment of coastal posts for trade. Half a century afterwards, the competition for trade in the Indian Ocean was enhanced by the setting up of the British East India Company in 1664. It followed Jean-Baptiste Colbert's theory of Mercantilism that claimed to keep the national exports greater than the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10251029", "score": "1.005996", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Indians in Kenya", "text": "the Arabs. By the early part of the 19th century, small numbers of Indian merchants could be found settled across the trading posts of East Africa. Their interests were enhanced when Said bin Sultan the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, subjected to the emergence of British naval supremacy in the Indian ocean and direct British political support for Indian merchants along the East African coast, adopted a series of favourable policies towards Indians in the region. In 1887 the British East Africa Association was founded with its base in Bombay. The following year the Association was given a royal charter,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11504963", "score": "1.0059011", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "India Office Records", "text": "early 18th century, and eventually came to hold large swaths of land in the subcontinent. In the mid-18th century, the Company began to undertake a governmental role in large parts of India, in order to organize the nascent colony to better facilitate trade. In an effort to increase its own involvement in the administration of India, the British Government passed Pitt's India Act in 1784, which established the Board of Control to direct the East India Company in its governing role. In 1858, in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British government abolished the East India Company's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9067118", "score": "1.0057546", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "History of colonialism", "text": "India Company to trade with India and eastern Asia. The English landed in India in Surat in 1612. By the 19th century, they had assumed direct and indirect control over most of India. During the five decades following 1770, Britain, France, Spain and Portugal lost many of their possessions in the Americas. After the conclusion of the Seven Years' War in 1763, Britain had emerged as the world's dominant power, but found itself mired in debt and struggling to finance the Navy and Army necessary to maintain a global empire. The British Parliament's attempt to raise taxes from North American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8906654", "score": "1.0053619", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "East India Company", "long_answer": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies. Before them the Portuguese Estado da India had traded there for much of the 16th century and the first of half a dozen Dutch Companies sailed to trade there from 1595, which amalgamated in March 1602 into the United East Indies Company (VOC), which introduced the first permanent joint stock from 1612 (meaning investment into shares did not need to be returned, but could be traded on a stock exchange). Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the EIC's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control until 1657 when permanent joint stock was established.", "chunked_long_answer": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies. Before them the Portuguese Estado da India had traded there for much of the 16th century and the first of half a dozen Dutch Companies sailed to trade there from 1595, which amalgamated in March 1602 into the United East Indies Company (VOC), which introduced the first permanent joint stock from 1612 (meaning investment into shares did not need to be returned, but could be traded on a stock exchange). Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the EIC's shares.", "short_answers": [ "31 December 1600" ] }

[ "September 9, 2012" ]

[ { "title": "David Akers", "text": "On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field. The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "David Akers David Roy Akers (; born December 9, 1974) is a former American football placekicker. He played college football at Louisville, and was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 1997. Akers also played for the Carolina Panthers, Washington Redskins, Berlin Thunder, Philadelphia Eagles, San Francisco 49ers, and Detroit Lions. He was selected for the Pro Bowl six times in his career and was at one point tied for the longest field goal in NFL history when he kicked a 63-yard field goal with the San Francisco 49ers. His retirement on October 23, 2017 made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634932", "score": "1.1397989", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "a 57-yarder against the New England Patriots at the new Lincoln Financial Field. (The only longer field goals in Eagles' history have been Jake Elliott's 61-yard field goal in 2017 and Tony Franklin's 59-yard field goal in 1979.) In 2004, Akers continued his consistent kicking with an 84.4% field goal percentage, and he made his third Pro Bowl. Injuries got to Akers in 2005 when he tore the hamstring in his non-kicking leg during the opening kickoff against the Oakland Raiders on September 25, 2005. Akers left the game, but returned in the second half with a heavily taped leg", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634936", "score": "1.0999391", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2013 Detroit Lions season", "text": "last game as well, ending the season at 7–9. Notes The Vikings scored first, and quickly. After the Lions failed on a field goal attempt when new punter/holder Sam Martin fumbled the snap, the Vikings took over on their own 22. On the first play from scrimmage, Adrian Peterson scampered 78 yards for a touchdown. David Akers made it 7–3 on a 33-yard field goal, though the Lions missed out on seven points that series when a touchdown reception by Calvin Johnson was reversed. In the second quarter, Akers connected on a 42-yard field goal to make the score 7–6.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16977524", "score": "1.0877446", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2005 Pro Bowl", "text": "the play was negated after a penalty on Marcus Stroud. Akers ended up kicking a 33-yard field goal to bring the score to 28–10, which is how the first half ended. The third quarter was all NFC, who started off the half by scoring within the first 3 minutes, when Michael Vick hit Holt with a 27-yard pass to make the score 28–17. They later picked off Tom Brady when Lito Sheppard intercepted a pass on the NFC 31. The drive ended when Vick ran it in from 3 yards out, making the score 28–24. Adam Vinatieri and Akers then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5302060", "score": "1.087421", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2010 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "kicker David Akers nailing a 45-yard field goal. It soon disappeared after QB Jay Cutler completed a 10 and a 20-yard TD pass to wide receivers Earl Bennett and Johnny Knox respectively. The Eagles tried to cut the lead with QB Michael Vick getting an 8-yard TD pass to WR Jeremy Maclin, followed by Akers hitting a 36-yard field goal. But they fell further behind as Cutler got a 6 and a 9-yard TD pass to Bennett and Greg Olsen. This was followed by kicker Robbie Gould making a 23-yard field goal. The Eagles tried to narrow the lead as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14005267", "score": "1.0838842", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2013 Pittsburgh Steelers season", "text": "the board as David Akers nailed a 35-yard field goal to make the score 14–3. The Steelers managed to pull away by 2 touchdowns as Shaun Suisham nailed a 25-yard field goal for a 17–3 lead. The Lions drew closer as Matthew Stafford found Calvin Johnson on a 79-yard TD pass shortening the lead to 17–10 not long before Suisham nailed a 34-yard field goal to make the score 20–10. Just then, the Lions managed to take the lead scoring 17 straight points when Stafford found Calvin Johnson again on a 19-yard pass making the score 20–17 and with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16977149", "score": "1.0815274", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "51-yard field goal at Giants Stadium, his longest of the season. In the same game he had two field goals blocked, one of which was returned for a touchdown. At the end of the 2008 regular season, Akers again set the team single-season scoring record with an NFC-best 144 points. He connected on 33 of 40 field goals (82.5 pct), his best percentage since 2004. On January 11, 2009, Akers kicked three field goals in three attempts during a divisional playoff win over the New York Giants. The second of these set an NFL record for consecutive field goals without", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634938", "score": "1.0777867", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2003–04 NFL playoffs", "text": "period, an interception by Brian Dawkins set up another Akers field goal to win the game. Midway through the first quarter, Packers lineman Nick Barnett recovered a fumble from McNabb on the Eagles 40-yard line, and Brett Favre threw a 40-yard touchdown pass to Robert Ferguson on the next play. James Thrash returned the ensuing kickoff 36 yards to the 44-yard line. Then McNabb made up for his mistake with a 41-yard run to the Packers 15. But the drive stalled at the 14-yard line and ended with no points when Akers missed a 31-yard field goal attempt. After the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4554437", "score": "1.077098", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "to make two extra points and then kick the game-winning 28-yard field goal before collapsing in pain as his teammates mobbed him. He missed the next four games and finished the season 16 for 22. In 2006, Akers was injury-free, but made only 18 of 23 attempts (78.3%), his second worst season statistically. On December 16, 2007, in a 10–6 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Akers set the Philadelphia Eagles franchise record for most points and on Thanksgiving in 2008, Akers passed 1,000 career points during a 48–20 win over the Arizona Cardinals. On December 7, 2008, Akers kicked a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634937", "score": "1.0729957", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2010 Chicago Bears season", "text": "Knox respectively. The lead was narrowed with QB Michael Vick getting an 8-yard TD pass to WR Jeremy Maclin, followed by Akers hitting a 36-yard field goal. The Bears increased their lead as Cutler got a 6 and a 9-yard TD pass to Bennett and Greg Olsen. This was followed by kicker Robbie Gould making a 23-yard field goal. The Eagles tried to narrow the lead as Akers got a 22 and a 36-yard field goal, followed by Vick throwing a 30-yard TD pass to TE Brent Celek, but they failed to recover the onside kick which could have given", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14154495", "score": "1.0721647", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "4th and 26", "text": "but the officials gave him some extra yards. The play set up David Akers' 37-yard field goal attempt after McNabb ran for another first down. The field goal was good, and the game went into overtime, when Eagles safety Brian Dawkins was able to intercept an errant Brett Favre pass and return it 35 yards, setting up another Akers field goal try. The 31-yard kick was good, giving the Eagles a dramatic 20–17 victory and sent them to their third straight NFC Championship Game, which they lost to the Carolina Panthers. 4th and 26 4th and 26 was an American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6011413", "score": "1.0712435", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2008–09 NFL playoffs", "text": "threw a 31-yard touchdown pass to Celek. Rather than try to cut their deficit to three points, Philadelphia decided to kick the extra point, but Akers' kick was no good, keeping the score at 24–19. It was the first time Akers had missed an extra point all season. Early in the fourth quarter, Philadelphia took their first lead of the game with McNabb's 62-yard touchdown pass to Jackson, giving his team a 1-point lead after the two-point conversion attempt failed. But the Cardinals responded with a 14-play, 74-yard drive to retake the lead for good, featuring a 6-yard run by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11342778", "score": "1.0615222", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2004 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "a wounded Carolina Panthers team that had beaten them in the 2003 NFC Championship Game. A long kick return by J.R. Reed set up a 48-yard field goal by David Akers to begin things for the Eagles. A 53-yard catch and run to Terrell Owens led to a 1-yard plunge by veteran running back Dorsey Levens. Another long completion to Owens set the stage for another field goal, and it was 13–0 Eagles. Akers kicked his third field goal in the third quarter before Lito Sheppard's exciting 64-yard interception return for a touchdown. Panthers quarterback Jake Delhomme, who was picked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9403874", "score": "1.0576242", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2010 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "Akers got a 22 and a 36-yard field goal, followed by Vick throwing a 30-yard TD pass to TE Brent Celek, but the Bears' defense prevented any more scoring chances. With the loss, the Eagles fell to 7–4. Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Bears, the Eagles went home for a Week 13 interconference duel with the Houston Texans on Thursday night. Philadelphia delivered the opening strike in the first quarter as quarterback Michael Vick found running back LeSean McCoy on a 1-yard touchdown pass. The Texans replied with kicker Neil Rackers getting a 48-yard field goal,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14005268", "score": "1.0568912", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "Shaolin Kempo. On April 27, 2018, Akers was selected to announce a draft pick during the 2018 NFL Draft, which took place at AT&T Stadium. Akers made a dramatic speech, reminiscent to what Drew Pearson did the previous year in Philadelphia. Akers announced Dallas Goedert as the 49th overall pick. David Akers David Roy Akers (; born December 9, 1974) is a former American football placekicker. He played college football at Louisville, and was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 1997. Akers also played for the Carolina Panthers, Washington Redskins, Berlin Thunder, Philadelphia Eagles, San", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634945", "score": "1.0537512", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2009 Oakland Raiders season", "text": "goal while Akers gave the Eagles a 43-yard field goal. After a scoreless third quarter, the Raiders turned to Janikowski again in the fourth quarter as he booted a 46-yard field goal. Philadelphia tried to make a comeback, but Oakland would only allow a 45-yard field goal from Akers. With the win, the Raiders improved to 2–4. Coming off their upset win over the Eagles, the Raiders stayed at home, donned their throwbacks, and played a Week 7 AFL Legacy game with the New York Jets. Oakland would trail early in the first quarter as early turnovers led to a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12844629", "score": "1.0532384", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2005 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "for a 62-yard gain, and he made the touchdown reception four plays later. Akers again kicked the extra point and the Philadelphia lead increased to 20–10. The Raiders rallied in the fourth quarter, getting a Sebastian Janikowski field goal and a Doug Gabriel 27-yard touchdown reception to tie the game with four minutes left. Using a series of short passes to Westbrook and Owens, McNabb guided the Eagles to the Oakland 5-yard line. The injured Akers came on and booted the 23-yard field goal with :12 left before collapsing in pain. The game had been won in courageous fashion, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960123", "score": "1.0526805", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2004 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "Bears got on the board with a field goal before the half ended, but Akers' fourth field goal made it 19–3. Akers missed his next two field goals in the increasingly windy conditions, but the Eagles hung on for the 19–9 victory. Brian Westbrook had a career-high 23 rushes for 115 yards and Owens caught his sixth touchdown in just four games. With the victory, the Eagles completed a four-game sweep of their schedule preceding their Week 5 bye. weather= 56 °F (Mostly Cloudy) Undefeated and fresh off of an early season bye, the Eagles sought to take revenge against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9403873", "score": "1.0520284", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "July 29, 2011. He kicked a 59-yard field goal just before halftime in a preseason game against the New Orleans Saints on August 12, 2011. On September 18, 2011, he kicked a 55-yard field goal against the Dallas Cowboys, setting a record for the longest field goal made at Candlestick Park. Akers broke the 49ers' record for most points scored in a season in a 20–3 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers in a Monday Night Football matchup on December 19, 2011. The record was formerly held by the 49ers' Hall of Fame wide receiver, Jerry Rice. In that same game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634940", "score": "1.0455194", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "the 64-yarder by Prater were at Sports Authority Field at Mile High. In track and field, the IAAF denotes any records set 1,000 metres (about 3,937 feet) or more above sea level as altitude-assisted records, and the Dempsey (Tulane Stadium) and Akers (Lambeau Field) records were set below the 1,000m threshold. The 49ers advanced to Super Bowl XLVII following the 2012 season, marking Akers' second appearance in the game. In the game, Akers went 3 for 3 in field goal attempts, but San Francisco narrowly lost to the Baltimore Ravens by a 34–31 score. On March 6, 2013, Akers was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634943", "score": "1.0434828", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "success rate), and had a team-record 121 points. Akers earned the NFC Special Teams Player of the Month award in November 2000. He made the Pro Bowl for the first time in 2001 as he went 26-for-31, making a team-record seventeen consecutive field goals during the season. Akers' best statistical season was 2002 when he connected on 30 of 34 field goals (88.2%), scored a team-record 133 points, and made another Pro Bowl. He got fewer chances in 2003, but still made 24 of 29 field goals. He made the third-longest field goal in Eagles' history on September 14, 2003,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634935", "score": "1.0387733", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2008–09 NFL playoffs", "text": "a 34-yard reception by Jackson set up Akers' third field goal. Then on Minnesota's next drive, defensive back Asante Samuel intercepted a pass from Tarvaris Jackson and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, giving the Eagles a 16–7 lead. With less than two minutes left in the first half, Peterson scored his second touchdown on a 3-yard run to cut the deficit to 16–14. But after a scoreless third quarter, Westbrook's 71-yard touchdown reception put the Eagles back up by nine points. Then with less than three minutes left in the game, a low snap by center Matt Birk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11342751", "score": "1.0291868", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "him the last Eagle from the Super Bowl XXXIX team to retire from the NFL. Akers attended Tates Creek High School in Lexington, Kentucky. Akers attended college at the University of Louisville and played for the Louisville Cardinals football team. During his four-year college career, Akers kicked a school-record 36 field goals (with a long of 51 yards against Texas A&M University), and ranks second on Louisville's all-time scoring list, with 219 points. Between 1997 and 1998, as an undrafted free agent, Akers spent time trying to make the team with the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers. Akers was signed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634933", "score": "1.028362", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2010 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "struck back with kicker David Akers getting a 39-yard field goal. The Eagles took the lead again in the fourth quarter with Akers booting a 50-yard field goal, followed by Vick completing a 91-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver DeSean Jackson and Akers making a 28-yard field goal. Dallas tried to rally as Kitna hooked up with Witten again on a 22-yard touchdown pass, yet the Eagles held on for the win. With the loss, the Cowboys fell to 4–9, and were officially eliminated from postseason contention, assuring them not playing the Super Bowl on their own home turf (something", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14196887", "score": "1.0276897", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2011–12 NFL playoffs", "text": "downs. The first was awarded as the result of a defensive foul, as Kenny Phillips was flagged for illegal use of hands, while the following two were earned by Smith and Kendall Hunter on running plays. Three plays later, Akers was called on to kick the game-tying field goal as the drive stalled at the New York 8-yard line. Akers converted tying the game at 17-17. The rest of the fourth quarter was uneventful as the teams traded possessions six times. The Giants punted three times while the 49ers did so twice, and regulation ended on a play where tight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15169273", "score": "1.026744", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2003 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "one to Muhsin Muhammad, but kicker John Kasay missed the extra point, leaving the score 22–16. Trying to burn the clock, McNabb slowly marched the Eagles down the field and Akers came on to kick his fourth field goal, giving the Eagles a nine-point lead. While Akers was 4-for-4 on field goals and won NFC Special Teams Player of the Week, Kasay was 1-for-4 with a missed extra point. Staley, Correll Buckhalter, and Brian Westbrook combined for 118 rushing yards, while McNabb was efficient, completing 18-of-26 passes. The big win moved Philadelphia to 9–3, with the top record in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12317184", "score": "1.0266011", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Miracle at the New Meadowlands", "text": "completed a pass downfield to Celek, who blew by a missed tackle from Phillips and made his way into the end zone for a 65-yard touchdown that brought the score to 31–17 with 7:28 left in the game. On the ensuing kickoff, after both teams lined up in regular kickoff formations, Akers placed an onside kick on the left side of the field, which was caught by WR Riley Cooper and advanced to the Eagles' 43-yard line. Particularly noteworthy about the play was the fact that the Eagles only had 10 men on the field – four to Akers' right", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15164452", "score": "1.0261772", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "David Akers", "text": "by the Washington Redskins in 1998 and played in one game for them, making two extra points but missing two field goal attempts of 48+ yards each. He was waived by the Redskins during the 1999 season. After Washington cut Akers, the Philadelphia Eagles claimed him off waivers and allocated him to NFL Europe. A solid season with the Berlin Thunder helped him earn the kicking job for the Eagles in 2000. Akers proved to be one of the biggest special teams surprises in all of the NFL that season. He made 29 out of 33 field goals (an 87.9%", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634934", "score": "1.0249267", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2006 Philadelphia Eagles season", "text": "Akers booting a 21-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Philadelphia took advantage of a Niners miscue, as DT Mike Patterson returned a fumble 98 yards for a touchdown. San Francisco would get a touchdown, ona a 1-yard run by rookie RB Noah Robinson. In the fourth quarter,Noah Robinson would get another 1-yard TD run, but the Eagles managed to put the game away with Brian Westbrook getting an 8-yard TD run. The 49ers would get one more TD, as QB Alex Smith completed a 15-yard pass to TE Eric Johnson, but fortunately, the Eagles would avenge last week's collapse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8724193", "score": "1.0237788", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "David Akers", "long_answer": "On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field. The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013.", "chunked_long_answer": "On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field. The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013.", "short_answers": [ "September 9, 2012" ] }

[ "John Calipari", "John Vincent Calipari" ]

[ { "title": "John Calipari", "text": "John Vincent Calipari (born February 10, 1959) is an American basketball coach. Since 2009, he has been the head coach of the University of Kentucky men's team, with whom he won the NCAA Championship in 2012. He has been named Naismith College Coach of the Year three times (in 1996, 2008 and 2015), and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2015.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Joe B. Hall", "text": "Joe B. Hall Joe Beasman Hall (born November 30, 1928) was the head basketball coach at the University of Kentucky from 1972 to 1985. He previously coached at Central Missouri State University and Regis University before returning to Kentucky in 1965 to serve as an assistant coach under Adolph Rupp. Hall was given a difficult task—to follow in the footsteps of his legendary predecessor, Adolph Rupp. In the 1978 NCAA Tournament, he coached the Wildcats to their fifth NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. He was named National Coach of the Year in 1978 and Southeastern Conference Coach of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4760729", "score": "1.069565", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball", "text": "the University of Kentucky retired a jersey in his honor in the rafters of Rupp Arena, a 23,500-seat arena named after him, dedicated in 1976. Joe B. Hall was the head basketball coach at Kentucky from 1972 to 1985. Although he had been an assistant at Kentucky since 1965, Coach Hall was given a difficult task: to follow in the footsteps of his legendary predecessor, Adolph Rupp. In the 1978 NCAA Tournament, he coached the Wildcats to their fifth NCAA championship. He was named National Coach of the Year in 1978 and SEC Coach of the Year on four different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10877320", "score": "1.0491662", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jim Richards (basketball)", "text": "Jim Richards (basketball) Jim Richards is the former men's basketball head coach at Western Kentucky University, coaching the team for seven seasons from 1971 to 1978. He was inducted into the Western Kentucky University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2005. Richards was born in rural Adair County, Kentucky, and played basketball for one year at Adair County High School. He was recruited to play baseball at Western by Coach E. A. Diddle (better known as the basketball coach). Diddle got Richards into officiating high school basketball. After graduation, Richards was hired as head basketball coach at Auburn High School. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10699726", "score": "1.0389675", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rick Stansbury", "text": "Rick Stansbury Richard Lee Stansbury (born December 23, 1959), is an American college basketball and the current head coach of the Western Kentucky University basketball team. He was previously the head coach at Mississippi State. He was hired as the WKU head coach on March 28, 2016. He is a member of the Campbellsville University Athletics Hall of Fame. Born in Battletown, Kentucky, Stansbury played high school basketball for Meade County High School in Brandenburg, Kentucky from which he graduated in 1977. From 1977 to 1981, he played college basketball at Campbellsville College (now Campbellsville University) in Campbellsville, Kentucky. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9384088", "score": "1.0295678", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rick Stansbury", "text": "coach at Western Kentucky University, replacing Ray Harper who resigned March 17, 2016. Seven of Coach Stansbury's former players moved on to professional careers in the National Basketball Association. Rick Stansbury Richard Lee Stansbury (born December 23, 1959), is an American college basketball and the current head coach of the Western Kentucky University basketball team. He was previously the head coach at Mississippi State. He was hired as the WKU head coach on March 28, 2016. He is a member of the Campbellsville University Athletics Hall of Fame. Born in Battletown, Kentucky, Stansbury played high school basketball for Meade County", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9384094", "score": "1.0184157", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jim Rose (basketball)", "text": "last season. He was a first team all-stater in 1965 and 1967 and slipped to the Cage Standout second team, in 1966. He was named to the Kentucky All-State Tournament Kentucky team as a freshman and was a fourth team All-American this year.\" Rose played college basketball at Western Kentucky University, from 1967 to 1971 under Coach John Oldham. He averaged 14.0 points, 5.3 rebounds and 2.8 assists for his career. As a Senior, Rose averaged 15.4/4.8/2.9 and he helped lead the Hilltoppers to the NCAA Final 4 in 1971, along with teammates Clarence Glover (#10 pick in 1971 NBA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20657717", "score": "1.011803", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Tom Parker (basketball)", "text": "Tom Parker (basketball) Tom Parker (born July 1, 1950) is an American former standout basketball player at the University of Kentucky who played for the Wildcats between 1969 and 1972. As a senior in 1971–72 he was named the co-Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year. As of 2011 he is a teacher at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School in Lexington, Kentucky. Parker grew up in Collinsville, Illinois and attended Collinsville High School. Standing at and weighing , he played the center position and dominated his opponents. In three seasons of varsity basketball he scored 2,041 career points and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15994166", "score": "1.0088382", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tom Parker (basketball)", "text": "resides in Lexington, Kentucky. Tom Parker (basketball) Tom Parker (born July 1, 1950) is an American former standout basketball player at the University of Kentucky who played for the Wildcats between 1969 and 1972. As a senior in 1971–72 he was named the co-Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year. As of 2011 he is a teacher at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School in Lexington, Kentucky. Parker grew up in Collinsville, Illinois and attended Collinsville High School. Standing at and weighing , he played the center position and dominated his opponents. In three seasons of varsity basketball he scored", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15994171", "score": "0.9979906", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Dick Parsons (coach)", "text": "Dick Parsons (coach) James R. \"Dick\" Parsons is a former American college baseball and college basketball coach. He was the coach of the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team from 1970 to 1972 and was also an assistant coach for the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team from 1970 to 1980 under Joe B. Hall. He attended the University of Kentucky from 1957 to 1961 where he played both baseball and basketball. Parson was born in Yancey, Kentucky and attended Harlan High School where he ran track and played baseball, basketball and football. He attended the University of Kentucky where he was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18225064", "score": "0.99681723", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Chris Mack (basketball)", "text": "annually to become the next head coach at the University of Louisville. Chris Mack (basketball) Chris Mack (born December 30, 1969) is an American college basketball coach and current head coach of the University of Louisville. Chris Mack was born in Cleveland, Ohio and grew up in North College Hill, Ohio, a suburb of Cincinnati. He graduated in 1988 from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati, where he was named 1987–88 \"Cincinnati Post\" Metro Player of the Year. Mack continued on to the University of Evansville, where he played basketball for two seasons. He then transferred to Xavier University in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13265747", "score": "0.9953594", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Niya Butts", "text": "tournament. On May 14, 2016, the University of Kentucky announced that Butts would be returning to the women's basketball program as an assistant coach under head coach Matthew Mitchell. Niya Butts Niya Denise Butts (born January 10, 1978) is an American women’s college basketball coach, currently as assistant at the University of Kentucky. She is the former head coach at the University of Arizona. As a player, she was a part of two national championships at the University of Tennessee. Butts, a 6'0\" forward from Americus, Georgia, played college basketball for Hall of Fame coach Pat Summitt at Tennessee from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16156939", "score": "0.99364734", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Tom Marshall (basketball)", "text": "Tom Marshall (basketball) John Thomas Marshall (born January 6, 1931) is an American former basketball player and coach. He graduated from Mount Juliet High School in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee. He was a star at Western Kentucky University in the 1950s, where he was a two-time All-American. His number 41 is one of only six retired at Western Kentucky. He was named to the OVC Half-Century Team and the OVC 40th Anniversary team. A 6'4\" forward, he was drafted by the Rochester Royals with the seventh pick of the 1954 NBA draft. After a promising rookie season, he was drafted into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7241877", "score": "0.9932654", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Matthew Mitchell (basketball)", "text": "Matthew Mitchell (basketball) Matthew LaMont Mitchell (born December 16, 1970) is an American college basketball coach, currently head coach for University of Kentucky women's basketball. Mitchell became the head coach of UK on April 23, 2007, succeeding former UK coach Mickie DeMoss. Prior to becoming the coach at Kentucky, Mitchell spent two years as the head coach at Morehead State. Mitchell started his coaching career as graduate assistant under Pat Summitt at Tennessee, and he also spent time as an assistant coach at Florida and Kentucky before becoming a head coach. Following the 2009–10 season, Mitchell was named the SEC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10111201", "score": "0.9910066", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tubby Smith", "text": "centers in the greater Lexington area bear the moniker \"Tubby's Klubhouse\" due to his work within the centers. Tubby Smith Orlando Henry \"Tubby\" Smith (born June 30, 1951) is an American college basketball coach. He was recently hired as the men's basketball coach at High Point University, his alma mater. Smith previously served in the same role at the University of Tulsa, the University of Georgia, the University of Kentucky, the University of Minnesota, Texas Tech University, and the University of Memphis. With Kentucky, he coached the Wildcats to the 1998 NCAA championship. In his 27 years as a head", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4760565", "score": "0.98369825", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Stanley A. Boles", "text": "Stanley A. Boles Stanley Atwood \"Daddy\" Boles (July 25, 1887 – December 4, 1961) was the athletic director of the University of Kentucky from 1917 through 1933. He also served as head coach of the Kentucky Wildcats football and Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball teams for one season each. He was responsible for hiring legendary men's basketball coach Adolph Rupp at Kentucky. Boles was born on July 25, 1887 in Williamstown, Kentucky. He was the Kentucky Wildcats football coach in 1917, compiling a 3–5–1 record. He also served as Kentucky's basketball coach in 1917–18, tallying a mark of 9–2–1 record. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8727072", "score": "0.9830484", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Mike Pollio", "text": "Mike Pollio Mike Pollio (born May 12, 1943) is an American former basketball coach and college athletics administrator. He was the head men's basketball coach at Kentucky Wesleyan College from 1980 to 1985, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) from 1985 to 1989, and Eastern Kentucky University from 1989 to 1992, compiling a career college basketball coaching record of 233–105. At Kentucky Wesleyan, he also served as athletic director, reviving the Kentucky Wesleyan Panthers football program in 1983 after a 53-year hiatus. From 2002 until June 2010, he was the commissioner of the Mid-South Conference. Pollio is a graduate of Bellarmine College.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16225368", "score": "0.9825195", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2014–15 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "from the coaches and the media. Towns was the SEC Freshman of the Year, and he, Booker, Lyles, and Ulis were All-Freshman team selections by the coaches and media. Towns became the sixth straight Wildcat to be named SEC Freshman of the Year (Cousins, Knight, Davis, Noel, Randle). Calipari was named SEC Coach of the Year by the coaches media. Cauley-Stein, Andrew Harrison, and Aaron Harrison were named to the 2015 SEC All-Tournament Team, and Cauley-Stein was named MVP of the tournament. Cauley-Stein was named District IV (Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida) Player of the Year, Calipari was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17973898", "score": "0.9806149", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Chris Mack (basketball)", "text": "Chris Mack (basketball) Chris Mack (born December 30, 1969) is an American college basketball coach and current head coach of the University of Louisville. Chris Mack was born in Cleveland, Ohio and grew up in North College Hill, Ohio, a suburb of Cincinnati. He graduated in 1988 from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati, where he was named 1987–88 \"Cincinnati Post\" Metro Player of the Year. Mack continued on to the University of Evansville, where he played basketball for two seasons. He then transferred to Xavier University in 1990, where he played his final two seasons of eligibility (after redshirting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13265740", "score": "0.97896457", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Phil Cunningham (basketball)", "text": "Phil Cunningham (basketball) Phillip Tucker Cunningham (born ) is an American college basketball coach. He was named head coach at Troy University on March 26, 2013. Previously, he was an assistant coach at Western Kentucky University under Ray Harper for one season. His last head coaching stint was at Sue Bennett College in London, Kentucky from 1992 to 1995, compiling 48 wins during the three seasons that he coached. Cunningham was named the head coach at Troy after coach Don Maestri retired after serving as head coach at Troy for 31 years. Born in Paducah, Kentucky and a native of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17184985", "score": "0.9766553", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Travis Ford", "text": "Travis Ford Travis Ford (born December 29, 1969) is an American college basketball coach, who is currently the head coach of the Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball team. He was also previously the head coach at Campbellsville University, Eastern Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Oklahoma State. Prior to that, he played at the University of Missouri and the University of Kentucky. After attending Madisonville North Hopkins High School, His team lost to Marshall County, led by future Vanderbilt signees Aaron Beth and Dan Hall, in the state quarterfinals. Ford entered the University of Missouri in 1989. He played basketball for the Missouri", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6631669", "score": "0.97649014", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Rick Pitino", "text": "Rick Pitino Richard Andrew Pitino (born September 18, 1952) is a former American basketball coach. He has been the head coach of several teams in NCAA Division I and in the NBA, including Boston University (1978–1983), Providence College (1985–1987), the New York Knicks (1987–1989), the University of Kentucky (1989–1997), the Boston Celtics (1997–2001) and the University of Louisville (2001–2017). Pitino led Kentucky to the NCAA championship in 1996 and Louisville in 2013, although the latter was vacated by the NCAA. He is the only coach to lead three different schools (Providence, Kentucky, and Louisville) to a Final Four. Pitino is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2439711", "score": "0.9763425", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Alvin Brooks", "text": "the Kentucky Wildcats. His son Alvin Brooks III is also a basketball coach at Baylor University. Alvin Brooks Alvin Joseph Brooks Jr. (born August 6, 1959) is a basketball coach and former head coach of the University of Houston's men's team. Prior to heading back to Houston, he most recently served as Director of Basketball Operations for the Kentucky Wildcats. He coached the Houston Cougars from 1993 to 1998. He also served as an assistant coach for the Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team and was at Texas A&M through the '06-'07 season. On July 23, 2007, a Lexington, KY", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9890768", "score": "0.9758401", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Deron Feldhaus", "text": "Deron Feldhaus Deron Feldhaus (born December 16, 1968), is an American former basketball player. He is best known for his collegiate career with the Kentucky Wildcats. He is also one of four seniors on the 1991–92 team known as \"The Unforgettables\". During his senior season at the University of Kentucky, Feldhaus averaged 11.4 Points per game. Feldhaus was born in Maysville, Kentucky. He is a graduate of Mason County High School. During his high school basketball career he played for his father, Coach Allen Feldhaus, Sr. During his senior season at Mason County, Feldhaus, along with teammate Jerry Butler, led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17274798", "score": "0.9755109", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Rick Pitino", "text": "degree from the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) in 1974. College coaching assignments included Boston University, Providence College, and the University of Kentucky, and the University of Louisville. As a collegiate head coach, Pitino has compiled a 629–234 record, for a .732 winning percentage that was ranked 10th among active coaches and 29th all-time among all collegiate basketball coaches entering the 2012 season. Pitino is considered by many to be one of the first coaches to promote fully taking advantage of the 3-point shot, first adopted by the NCAA in 1987. By exploiting the 3-point shot, his teams at Kentucky", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2439716", "score": "0.9747194", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2013–14 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "player in Mississippi. He is the son of the former Missouri and All-American great Melvin Booker. He chose Kentucky over his Dad's alma mater and Michigan. Trey Lyles was the final commitment in the class when he verbally committed on November 5, 2013. After his senior season, he was named Indiana Mr. Basketball, where he led his high school to a state championship. He committed to Kentucky over rivals Indiana and Louisville. He was rated as the No. 6 overall player by ESPN, the No. 11 overall by Scout, and the No. 13 overall by Rivals. The season officially began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17169959", "score": "0.97440606", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2014–15 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "named District IV Coach of the Year and Booker, Cauley-Stein, Aaron Harrison, and Towns were named to the All-District IV team by the USBWA. Cauley-Stein and Towns were listed on the National Association of Basketball Coaches Division I All‐District 21 first team, while Booker was listed on the second team on March 12. Cauley-Stein was a consensus first-team All-American, and Towns was a consensus second-team All-American. The Associated Press named Cauley-Stein as a first-team All-American, and Towns as a second-team All-American. The USBWA named Cauley-Stein a first-team All-American. The NABC named Cauley-Stein a first-team All-American and Towns a second-team All-American.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17973899", "score": "0.97416365", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Jarrod Polson", "text": "Jarrod Polson Jarrod Polson (born May 8, 1991) is a former college basketball player for the University of Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team. He is a 6-foot-2, 189-pound guard. Playing for West Jessamine High School in January 2009, Polson set the KHSAA Kentucky state high school basketball record for free throws attempted and free throws made, in a game in which he also scored 51 points. In April 2012, Polson was a member of the 2012 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament championship team, and was recognized along with the other members of the team by a resolution of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17046718", "score": "0.9725244", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Jack Givens", "text": "Jack Givens Jack \"Goose\" Givens (born September 21, 1956) is a retired American collegiate and professional basketball player. Givens led the University of Kentucky to the 1978 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship and was named that year's Final Four Most Outstanding Player due in most part to his 41-point performance in Kentucky's 94-88 victory over Duke University in the championship game. He was a 6'5\" (1.96 m), 205 lb (93 kg) forward. Givens earned Kentucky Mr. Basketball and Parade All-America honors after his senior year at Lexington's Bryan Station High School in 1974. UK finished Givens' freshman season as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8580491", "score": "0.97244394", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2014–15 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team", "text": "29 overall by Scout and Rivals. As a junior, he was named by Gatorade as the top basketball player in Mississippi. He is the son of the former Missouri and All-American great Melvin Booker. He chose Kentucky over his Dad's alma mater and Michigan. Trey Lyles was the final commitment in the class when he verbally committed on November 5, 2013. After his senior season, he was named Indiana Mr. Basketball, where he led his high school to a state championship. He committed to Kentucky over rivals Indiana and Louisville. He was rated as the No. 6 overall player by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17973848", "score": "0.9716662", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "John Calipari", "long_answer": "John Vincent Calipari (born February 10, 1959) is an American basketball coach. Since 2009, he has been the head coach of the University of Kentucky men's team, with whom he won the NCAA Championship in 2012. He has been named Naismith College Coach of the Year three times (in 1996, 2008 and 2015), and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2015.", "chunked_long_answer": "John Vincent Calipari (born February 10, 1959) is an American basketball coach. Since 2009, he has been the head coach of the University of Kentucky men's team, with whom he won the NCAA Championship in 2012. He has been named Naismith College Coach of the Year three times (in 1996, 2008 and 2015), and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2015.", "short_answers": [ "John Vincent Calipari" ] }

[ "Ajay Tyagi" ]

[ { "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "text": "Ajay Tyagi was appointed chairman on 10 January 2017 replacing U K Sinha. And took charge of chairman office on 1 March 2017. The Board comprises", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "C. B. Bhave", "text": "period, where India made the transition into dematerialised settlement at the depository. After this, Bhave came back to SEBI as chairman for three years. C. B. Bhave Chandrasekhar Bhaskar Bhave is an Indian financial regulator. He was appointed as Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in February 2008 for a period of three years.He was succeeded by Upendra Kumar Sinha as the chairman of SEBI after his tenure. He was SEBI's senior executive director from 1992 - 1996. After that he became Chairman and Managing Director of the then newly created National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11574301", "score": "1.0420653", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "text": "Government of India through an amendment to the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. In April 1988 the SEBI was constituted as the regulator of capital markets in India under a resolution of the Government of India. The SEBI is managed by its members, which consists of following: The chairman who is nominated by Union Government of India.Two members, i.e., Officers from Union Finance Ministry. One member from the Reserve Bank of India. The remaining five members are nominated by Union Government of India, out of them at least three shall be whole-time members. After amendment of 1999,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2554423", "score": "0.979556", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Clause 49", "text": "late 2002, SEBI constituted a Committee to assess the adequacy of current corporate governance practices and to suggest improvements. Based on the recommendations of this committee, SEBI issued a modified Clause 49 on 29 October 2004 (the ‘revised Clause 49’) which came into operation on 1 January 2006. The revised Clause 49 has suitably pushed forward the original intent of protecting the interests of investors through enhanced governance practices and disclosures. Five broad themes predominate. The independence criteria for directors have been clarified. The roles and responsibilities of the board have been enhanced. The quality and quantity of disclosures have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7013197", "score": "0.9750649", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "M. Damodaran", "text": "market. Among his many contributions was the introduction of QIP, an instrument for follow on offerings which until then was going to external markets.While at SEBI, he was elected Chairman of the Emerging Markets Committee of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO),[5] a position he held till he demitted office as Chairman, SEBI. He was the Chairman of Ministry of Corporate Affairs’ Committee for Reforming the Regulatory Environment for facilitating the ease of doing Business in India. He was also the Chairman of Reserve Bank of India’s Committee on Customer Service in Banks. He chaired the Taskforce on Corporate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5760898", "score": "0.9727024", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "D. R. Mehta", "text": "MIT Sloan School of Management. D.R. Mehta joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1961 and held numerous important positions initially in the Government of Rajasthan and later in the Government of India. Mehta served as chairman of SEBI, the regulator of the capital markets in India, from 1995 to 2002. SEBI is the Indian equivalent of the US Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). During Mehta’s tenure, a slew of economic reforms were introduced making the Indian capital market one of the most modern and efficient ones in the world, attracting both the local and foreign investors in large numbers. From 1992", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9186391", "score": "0.97169137", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Zeki Sezer", "text": "as deputy of Ankara to the Parliament and served as a minister of state in the 57th government under the Prime minister Bülent Ecevit Sezer is married and has two children. Zeki Sezer Mehmet Zeki Sezer is a Turkish politician and former chairman of the Democratic Left Party (Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP), he was elected in the 6th ordinary party congress in 2004 after the resignation of Bülent Ecevit. Sezer was born in 1957 in Eskişehir. He graduated from M. Rüştü Uzel Chemistry Vocational High School and then from the School of Chemical Engineering at Gazi Üniversitesi in Ankara. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4176575", "score": "0.968564", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "text": "removing regulatory structures. In one such move, SEBI has increased the application limit for retail investors to ₹ 2 lakh, from ₹ 1 lakh at present. Supreme Court of India heard a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) filed by India Rejuvenation Initiative that had challenged the procedure for key appointments adopted by Govt of India. The petition alleged that, \"The constitution of the search-cum-selection committee for recommending the name of chairman and every whole-time members of SEBI for appointment has been altered, which directly impacted its balance and could compromise the role of the SEBI as a watchdog.\" On 21 November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2554428", "score": "0.9682979", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "C. B. Bhave", "text": "Ministry of Petroleum. When G. V. Ramakrishna became chairman of SEBI, he invited Bhave to join SEBI. This gave a highly successful first stint at SEBI, which ushered in the revolution of the Indian equity market. Bhave had irreconcilable differences with D. R. Mehta, the SEBI Chairman, and strong views about the direction of reforms of the equity market. He left SEBI to lead what was then a startup, the National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL). NSDL had been incubated inside NSE but for all practical purposes, it was a startup when Bhave took over. This was also a highly successful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11574300", "score": "0.94958127", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "text": "Securities and Exchange Board of India The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was established in 1988 and given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992. Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in the year 1988 AQF as a non-statutory body for regulating the securities market. It became an autonomous body by The Government of India on 12 May 1992 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. SEBI has its headquarters at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2554421", "score": "0.9475087", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Precious Sekibo", "text": "on the board of the West African Glass Industry Plc. He established the PreciousLife Medical Centre in Port Harcourt and Abuja. He was appointed a Special Assistant to the Governor of Rivers State, and served as Secretary to the Rivers State Government (1999–2003). He was nominated and screened by the Senate of Federal Republic of Nigeria, and appointed Minister of Transport in July 2003. In August 2003, Sekibo said the Federal Government was considering a scheme to support local shipping in the oil and gas industry. In September that year he spoke out against corruption in the ports, saying the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14100372", "score": "0.9438906", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "C. B. Bhave", "text": "C. B. Bhave Chandrasekhar Bhaskar Bhave is an Indian financial regulator. He was appointed as Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in February 2008 for a period of three years.He was succeeded by Upendra Kumar Sinha as the chairman of SEBI after his tenure. He was SEBI's senior executive director from 1992 - 1996. After that he became Chairman and Managing Director of the then newly created National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL). He is also member of the governments technology advisory group, TAGUP. He is the chairperson of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS). Many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11574298", "score": "0.94154346", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "T. V. Mohandas Pai", "text": "the Board of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) from Sept 12 to July 16. He was a Member of the Empowered Committee for setting up the Tax Information Network of the Government of India. He also works with the Union Government and state governments in the fields of education, IT and business. He has been working with decision makers to improve the quality of education and availability of skilled manpower. He has been recently appointed as the head of the panel formed by SEBI Securities and Exchange Board of India to study the impact of fin-tech on securities", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15526816", "score": "0.94015634", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jackie Selebi", "text": "national commissioner of the South African Police Service, a post he held until 2009. During that time, he was elected vice-president of Interpol (African region) in 2002, as post he held until 2004. In 2004, he was elected as president of Interpol, a post he held until 2008. During his time with Interpol, Selebi also served as Chair of the Anti-Landmine Conference, Oslo, Norway; Chair of Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster; and Chair - Human Rights Commission, United Nations, 54th Session. He resigned both as National Police Commissioner and President of Interpol in 2008 when corruption charges were laid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9241419", "score": "0.939658", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "text": "the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad respectively. It has opened local offices at Jaipur and Bangalore and is planning to open offices at Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar, Patna, Kochi and Chandigarh in Financial Year 2013 - 2014. Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority before SEBI came into existence; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947. Initially SEBI was a non statutory body without any statutory power. However, in 1992, the SEBI was given additional statutory power by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2554422", "score": "0.9381208", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "NSE co-location scam", "text": "the NSE’s then-trading head Suprabhat Lala. After the CBI named Ajay Shah in the co-location scandal in July 2018, SEBI also served show cause notice on him for breaching the data sharing agreement with the NSE. The whistle-blower has alleged that Ajay Shah has also benefited by influencing FIIs and Participatory (PN) Note activities on NSE, and he had profit-sharing contracts with OPG Securities, Alpha Grep and Omnesys. Even on the floor of parliament, 10 August 2018, Pon Radhakrishnan, the minister of state for finance said in response to a question by Dr. Kirit Somaiya that: \"Securities & Exchange Board", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20836617", "score": "0.93757606", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Süleyman Seba", "text": "famous trainers like Christoph Daum, John Benjamin Toshack, and Karl Heinz Feldkamp. In 1998, he was elected as the chairman one more time and he announced that this was going to his final term. He was elected as the honorary chairman in the next financial congress in February 2000. Although he declared his support for Hasan Arat in the next chairman elections, Serdar Bilgili was elected on 27 March 2000 and became his successor. During his retirement, the honorary chairman Seba was one of the most respected figures of Beşiktaş J.K., which became a financially strong club thanks to his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6922451", "score": "0.9293699", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Zeki Sezer", "text": "Zeki Sezer Mehmet Zeki Sezer is a Turkish politician and former chairman of the Democratic Left Party (Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP), he was elected in the 6th ordinary party congress in 2004 after the resignation of Bülent Ecevit. Sezer was born in 1957 in Eskişehir. He graduated from M. Rüştü Uzel Chemistry Vocational High School and then from the School of Chemical Engineering at Gazi Üniversitesi in Ankara. He completed his 4-month short-term military service in 1983. During his high school and university years, Sezer played volleyball for various clubs. He has a special interest in arts. Sezer began his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4176573", "score": "0.9254329", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Zeki Sezer", "text": "career as a chemistry technician in 1975 in the public service and later worked as a chemical engineer. He worked also in the private sector in the same capacity. His political career in the DSP started in 1988. Sezer served as an executive of Çankaya branch of DSP, as deputy-chairman of Ankara branch and became a board member in 1991. He also served twice as the party's secretary-general. Between 2001 and 2004 he was the deputy chairman of DSP. In 2004 party congress succeeded Ecevit. However, in 2009 he lost this post to Masum Türker. In 1999, Sezer was elected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4176574", "score": "0.9222745", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Circular trading", "text": "his position as Joint Managing Director of First Global Stock Broking Limited. Aside from that of Ketan Parekh, the most significant case of circular trading was when SEBI barred 16 people from trading on the Indian stock market for circular trading in 2010. This involved being barred from buying, selling and dealing in securities on the market, as well as having their bank accounts frozen. This was in response to proof that these individuals had created artificially high volume in the market through synchronised trading among themselves. This case gained a level of notoriety because it involved numerous large companies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20932405", "score": "0.9192518", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Interpol", "text": "being charged in January 2008, Selebi resigned as president of INTERPOL and was put on extended leave as National Police Commissioner of South Africa. He was temporarily replaced by Arturo Herrera Verdugo, the National Commissioner of Investigations Police of Chile and former vice president for the American Zone, who remained acting president until October 2008 and the appointment of Khoo Boon Hui. On 8 November 2012, the 81st General Assembly closed with the election of Deputy Central Director of the French Judicial Police Mireille Ballestrazzi as the first female president of the organization. In November 2016, Meng Hongwei, a politician", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11197954", "score": "0.9177588", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Qualified institutional placement", "text": "raise this capital. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced the QIP process through a circular issued on May 8, 2006, to prevent listed companies in India from developing an excessive dependence on foreign capital. Prior to the innovation of the qualified institutional placement, there was concern from Indian market regulators and authorities that Indian companies were accessing international funding via issuing securities, such as American depository receipts (ADRs), in outside markets. The complications associated with raising capital in the domestic markets had led many companies to look at tapping the overseas markets. This was seen as an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11413625", "score": "0.91769624", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sahara India Pariwar", "text": "two group companies. Reports also suggested that between the time that SEBI first initiated the inquiry four years ago and Roy’s eventual detention and it is to note that till today there is not a single charge against him, there has not been a single instance of an investor in either of the two Sahara firms under watch actually filing a police complaint or going to court.. He was granted interim bail by the Supreme Court on 26 March 2014 on the condition that he would deposit the huge bail amount of Rs 10,000 crore. Subrata was eventually taken into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5134396", "score": "0.916991", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Şaban Erden", "text": "Industry Company (SEK) and for the Prime Ministry Housing Development Administration (TOKİ). On 5.5.1994, while he was working at Gebze Institute of Technology as the Construction Works and Technical Department Director, he was assigned to Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality as the Director of the Department of Construction. Erden then became the Director at the Department of Projects in April 2001, and was appointed as Deputy Secretary General responsible from development activities in June 2002. Later, in February 2007, he was assigned as the Deputy Secretary General responsible for projects. Mr.Erden has three sons: İbrahim, Fatih and Salih. He speaks Turkish, Bosnian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11348670", "score": "0.91310596", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Chang Hsien-yao", "text": "Taiwan become more competitive. In early February 2014, Chang was appointed to be the vice chairman and secretary-general of the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF), replacing Kao Koong-lian who had earlier on tendered his resignation. Chang's appointed also made the promotion of SEF Maa Shaw-chang from Deputy Secretary-General to become Deputy Chairman to help Chang share the workload. Chang's first task after assuming SEF post is to prepare for the upcoming 10th Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum. On 16 August 2014, tendered his resignation from both MAC and SEF, citing family reasons as the reason. Lin Chu-chia, MAC Deputy Minister,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17222579", "score": "0.91066843", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "CEFC China Energy", "text": "Fortune Global 500 list. It rose from a rank of 342 in 2015 to 229 in June 2016. Most of the company is owned by Shanghai Energy Fund Investment Ltd (SEFI), which is registered under Ye Jianming, the chairman of CEFC. Czech President Miloš Zeman has appointed CEFC's founder Ye Jianming as his economic adviser. The company is linked to the People's Liberation Army. In May 2015, the company acquired a 5% stake in J&T Finance Group. This increased to 9.9% in September 2015. In 2017 company applied to acquire 50% J&T Finance Group, but the deal has been refused", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19010911", "score": "0.9103032", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Chitra Ramkrishna", "text": "the NSE was set up: an association that helped her take up the new responsibility with confidence. In the late 1980s, Ms. Ramkrishna was closely involved in the drafting of the legislative framework of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the country's capital market regulator. Even today, she continues to be a part of several SEBI committees on different policy issues such as the Secondary Market Advisory Committee and the Committee on Disclosures and Accounting Standards. Over the years, captains of the financial and the corporate sector in India has increasingly recognised Ramkrishna as an institution builder and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17045266", "score": "0.90812993", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "text": "which are already de-recognised as on date, shall make an application for exit within two months from the date of this circular. Upon failure to do so, the de-recognized exchange shall be subject to compulsory exit process. SEBI regulates Indian financial market through its 20 departments. Securities and Exchange Board of India The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was established in 1988 and given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992. Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in the year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2554433", "score": "0.9071344", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lalit Jalan", "text": "Securities and Exchange Board of India ( sebi.gov.in) is the stock market regulator of India and in its consent order no 426/2011 of 14 January 2011 along with Anil Ambani and others including Lalit Jalan based on the application has directed them to pay 250 Million INR (roughly equivalent to 6 Million USD) as per the procedure of Consent Order akin to settlement of Securities Exchange Commission (SEC of United States of America, without the applicant admitting or denying any charges or guilt with respect to allegation of using the funds from External Commercial Borrowings in the Indian stock market.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15081967", "score": "0.90709615", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Zafar Sareshwala", "text": "fraud, for a seven-year period. SEBI took this action against Parsoli and its directors after establishing that the company's directors had defrauded shareholders and transferred shares to themselves. In July 2013 Parsoli's broker registration was cancelled in connection with further violations. Sareshwala's appointment in 2015 as Chancellor of the Maulana Azad National Urdu University was strongly criticised by Muslim groups and other groups affiliated with the university, who alleged that the appointment was a reward for Sareshwala's support of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the BJP. Zafar Sareshwala has three children. Zafar Sareshwala Zafar Sareshwala is an Indian businessman, owner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19817491", "score": "0.9030623", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Securities and Exchange Board of India", "long_answer": "Ajay Tyagi was appointed chairman on 10 January 2017 replacing U K Sinha. And took charge of chairman office on 1 March 2017. The Board comprises", "chunked_long_answer": "Ajay Tyagi was appointed chairman on 10 January 2017 replacing U K Sinha. And took charge of chairman office on 1 March 2017. The Board comprises", "short_answers": [ "Ajay Tyagi" ] }

[ "twelve" ]

[ { "title": "Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions", "text": "Real Madrid had the most success in the European Cup, winning the trophy for a record twelve times. Real was the winner of the inaugural edition of the European Cup and the only club to win the trophy five times in a row (the first five editions). The club has also won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1985 and 1986, the Super Cup four times, in 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017, the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1960, 1998 and 2002, and the FIFA Club World Cup three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Real Madrid, with 24 trophies, is", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions", "text": "Real Madrid had the most success in the European Cup, winning the trophy for a record thirteen times. Real was the winner of the inaugural edition of the European Cup and the only club to win the trophy five times in a row (the first five editions). The club has also won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1985 and 1986, the Super Cup four times, in 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017, the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1960, 1998 and 2002, and the FIFA Club World Cup three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Real Madrid, with 25 trophies, is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10637154", "score": "1.0769551", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "the UEFA Champions League. It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960. After these five consecutive successes, Real was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour. The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367424", "score": "1.0450096", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "European Cup and UEFA Champions League history", "text": "against Juventus made Real Madrid the first team ever to repeat in the Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since A.C. Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup. Real Madrid’s title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is also known as \"La Duodécima\". Real Madrid won their third title in a row in 2018 against Liverpool in Kyiv, with a great overhead bicycle goal by Gareth Bale, joined by a long-range goal from the Welshman too, the match", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6272013", "score": "1.0419571", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Zinedine Zidane", "text": "the 2016 UEFA Champions League final by beating Manchester City 1–0 on aggregate. In La Liga, Real Madrid finished runners up, just one point behind Barcelona. In the Champions League final on 28 May, Real Madrid defeated fellow Madrid club Atlético Madrid in a penalty shootout to grab the 11th European Cup (\"La Undécima\") in club history. Zidane became the seventh man to win the European Cup (now UEFA Champions League) as both a player and a manager, the second man (after Miguel Muñoz) to win the trophy with Real Madrid as both a player and a manager, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "838490", "score": "1.0391363", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2018 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "recent occasion the final featured an English team (Chelsea). Liverpool were the most recent team to defeat Real Madrid in a European Cup Final, winning 1–0 in Paris in 1981. Besides the 1981 final, the two teams have played each other four times in the Champions League era. Liverpool won both matches in the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League round of 16, while Real Madrid won both matches in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League group stage. \"Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).\" The ambassador for the final was former Ukrainian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735452", "score": "1.0384378", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2018 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are only the third team since the competition's rebranding as the Champions League to reach three consecutive finals after Milan in 1995 and Juventus in 1998. They are the first team in the Champions League era, and the fourth overall, to win three straight finals, a feat only achieved by the Real Madrid side of the 1950s, as they went on to win a record five successive finals, as well as the Ajax and Bayern Munich squads of the 1970s in 1973 and 1976, respectively. Liverpool reached their eighth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735450", "score": "1.0379508", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2017 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending twelfth title in the European Cup/Champions League and became the first club to win back-to-back titles in the Champions League era. This was the club's third title win in four seasons; a feat that has only occurred thrice before – Real Madrid (1956–60), Ajax (1971–73) and Bayern Munich (1974–76). Real Madrid has not lost a final in the Champions League era, with their last defeat occurring in 1981. The victory also saw Madrid secure their first League – European Cup double since the 1957–58 season. Madrid's first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18871299", "score": "1.0335646", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2016 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "The all-Madrid final also guaranteed the city of Madrid becoming the most successful city in the European Cup with 11 wins and 17 final appearances, and also in all UEFA club competitions with 16 wins, overtaking the city of Milan with 10 wins and 16 final appearances in the European Cup and 15 wins in all UEFA club competitions. Real Madrid reached a record 14th final after a 1–0 aggregate win against Manchester City, with a chance to win a record 11th title. Previously, they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2014, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18221920", "score": "1.0333858", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "also fired, the seventh coaching change in just three years. Under the guidance of new manager Vicente del Bosque, Real Madrid claimed their eighth European Cup/Champions League title. The Final, held at the newly built Stade de France in Paris, would host the competition's (including the European Cup era) first-ever Spanish final, pitting Madrid against Valencia on 24 May 2000. The game Madrid comfortably defeat \"Los Che\" 3–0, with goals coming from Fernando Morientes, Steve McManaman and Raúl. In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president, vowing to erase the club's debt and modernise the club's facilities, though the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10845079", "score": "1.0331246", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2016 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 18th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Their manager, Zinedine Zidane, who scored the winning goal for Real Madrid in the 2002 final, was aiming to become the seventh man to win the Champions League as both player and manager, joining Miguel Muñoz, Giovanni Trapattoni, Johan Cruyff, Carlo Ancelotti, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola. The team had had a disastrous first half of the season, being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18221921", "score": "1.0319304", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. The club was also awarded Best European Club of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367416", "score": "1.0276842", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2016 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "Belgian to score in a Champions League final. Real Madrid coach Zidane became the first French coach to win the Champions League and the seventh person to win the Champions League as a player and as a coach. Muñoz, the first person to achieve the feat, had also done so by winning the title with Real Madrid as a player (in 1956 and 1957) and as a coach (in 1960 and 1966). During the match, fans at an Iraqi Real Madrid fan club were attacked for the second time, bringing the combined death toll to at least 29. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18221932", "score": "1.0224118", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Spanish football clubs in international competitions", "text": "Cup/UEFA Champions League title and Sevilla won their fourth UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League; during the 2015–16 season as Real Madrid won their eleventh European Cup/UEFA Champions League title and Sevilla won their fifth UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League (first team to win three consecutive editions of this competition). Real Madrid won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960 and then for a sixth time in 1966. La Liga clubs also dominated the early Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. Barcelona, Valencia and Zaragoza won this competition six times between 1958 and 1966, resulting in three all-La Liga finals in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9212013", "score": "1.0216861", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "with Barcelona and \"El Derbi\" with Atlético Madrid. Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367415", "score": "1.0192122", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "1959 European Cup Final", "text": "Stéfano. 1959 European Cup Final The 1959 European Cup Final was the fourth final in the pan-European football competition, the European Cup, now known as the UEFA Champions League. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Reims from France. It was played at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart on 3 June 1959 in front of 80,000 people. The match finished 2–0 to Real Madrid, winning their fourth European Cup in a row and beating Reims in final for the second time in four years, following the 1956 final. Madrid dominated the match with goals by Enrique Mateos and Alfredo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10432692", "score": "1.0189586", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "1956 European Cup Final", "text": "1956 European Cup Final The 1956 European Cup Final was the first ever final in the pan-European football competition, the European Cup, now known as the UEFA Champions League. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Reims from France. It was played at the Parc des Princes in Paris on 13 June 1956 in front of 38,000 people. Real Madrid reached the final by beating the now seven times champions Milan 5–4 on aggregate, whereas Reims beat Scottish club Hibernian 3–0 on aggregate. The match finished 4–3 to Real Madrid, who went on to record an unrivalled five", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10354656", "score": "1.0168803", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2002 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "five minutes later, before Zinedine Zidane scored the winning goal on the stroke of half-time, a left-footed volley into the top corner that has since gone down as one of the greatest goals in the history of the competition, to secure Real Madrid's ninth European Cup. The match pitted Leverkusen, who had beaten Manchester United in the semi-finals to deny Sir Alex Ferguson a homecoming to Glasgow, against Real Madrid. Real Madrid won 2–1, clinching their ninth European Cup title, and their third in five years. However, the match is remembered as a very close one. Real Madrid's Spanish forward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8166899", "score": "1.0156069", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium", "text": "half. This was the second consecutive European Cup for Real Madrid after having won his first trophy one year before, in the Parc des Princes against Stade de Reims. 1969 European Cup Final This year Milan, champions of Italy, played Ajax, champions of the Netherlands, to determine who would be the champions of Europe. Milan defeated Ajax 4–1 to win their second European championship. Ajax made history by being the first Dutch team to reach a final. 1980 European Cup Final In this final, defending champions Nottingham Forest of England faced Hamburger SV, champions of Germany. The match ended with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1744866", "score": "1.0152097", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "UEFA Champions League", "text": "defeat the Italians. In 1958, Milan failed to capitalise after going ahead on the scoreline twice, only for Real Madrid to equalise. The final held in Heysel Stadium went to extra time where Francisco Gento scored the game-winning goal to allow Real Madrid to retain the title for the third consecutive season. In a rematch of the first final, Real Madrid faced Stade Reims at the Neckarstadion for the 1958–59 season final, easily winning 2–0. West German side Eintracht Frankfurt became the first non-Latin team to reach the European Cup final. The 1959–60 season finale still holds the record for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "546627", "score": "1.0123565", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "UEFA Champions League", "text": "ended in a 3–3 draw between Sporting CP and Partizan. The first goal in European Cup history was scored by João Baptista Martins of Sporting CP. The inaugural final took place at the Parc des Princes between Stade de Reims and Real Madrid. The Spanish squad came back from behind to win 4–3 thanks to goals from Alfredo Di Stéfano and Marquitos, as well as two goals from Héctor Rial. Real Madrid successfully defended the trophy next season in their home stadium, the Santiago Bernabéu, against Fiorentina. After a scoreless first half, Real Madrid scored twice in six minutes to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "546626", "score": "1.0088121", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2014 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "He had the chance to join fellow Argentinians Luis Carniglia and Helenio Herrera as the only non-European coaches to win the European Cup/Champions League. If they had won the Champions League, they would have joined Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich, and Chelsea as clubs to have won the three main European club competitions. The only previous Madrid derby matches in European competitions were in the 1958–59 European Cup semi-finals, where Real Madrid defeated Atlético Madrid 2–1 in a replay, after a 2–2 aggregate draw. In the 2013–14 season, Atlético Madrid defeated Real Madrid 1–0 away and drew 2–2 at home in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15754116", "score": "1.0053177", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "1966 European Cup Final", "text": "With this goal Real Madrid sealed their win and became the champions of Europe once again. This was Real's sixth European Cup triumph in the 11 years of the tournament's existence, but it was not until 32 years later in 1998 that Real won their seventh. 1966 European Cup Final The 1966 European Cup Final was a football match held at the Heysel Stadium, Brussels, on 11 May 1966 that saw Real Madrid of Spain defeat Partizan of Yugoslavia 2–1. Despite the best efforts of the continent's top teams, Real Madrid ruled over Europe once again. It was a competitive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9611117", "score": "1.0051877", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Real Madrid Baloncesto", "text": "Szczerbiak, Juan Antonio Corbalán, Dražen Petrović, Mirza Delibašić, Arvydas Sabonis, and Dejan Bodiroga have turned Real Madrid into one of the biggest basketball clubs in the world. Madrid won as many as 7 EuroLeague titles between 1964 and 1980, becoming a European basketball club legend, and even when it took the club 15 years to win it again, it found success in other European competitions, too. Madrid downed Olimpia Milano in the 1984 Cup Winners' Cup, on free throws made by Brian Jackson, then Petrović had 62 points in the 1989 Cup Winners' Cup final, against Snaidero Caserta. Madrid added", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6579747", "score": "1.0047572", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Zinedine Zidane", "text": "first French manager, except the French-Argentinian Helenio Herrera, to win the trophy. In his first full-season as manager, Real Madrid recorded a club-record 16th consecutive La Liga victory by defeating Espanyol 2–0 away on 18 September 2016, overtaking their previous record of 15 set in 1960–61 and equaling the record of consecutive La Liga wins of Barcelona set in 2010–11. On 18 December, Real Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup, with Cristiano Ronaldo scoring a hat-trick. On 12 January 2017, Madrid's draw against Sevilla FC in the second leg", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "838491", "score": "1.0018954", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "History of Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "in 1966 with the team known as the Ye-Ye defeated Yugoslavian club Partizan 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of Spanish-born players, a first in the competition. They were also runners-up in 1962, 1964 and 1981. Winning the competition five consecutive times saw Real permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour. They have also won the UEFA Cup twice and were twice runners-up in the European Cup Winners Cup. In 1996, president Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10845059", "score": "1.0014699", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "1959 European Cup Final", "text": "1959 European Cup Final The 1959 European Cup Final was the fourth final in the pan-European football competition, the European Cup, now known as the UEFA Champions League. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Reims from France. It was played at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart on 3 June 1959 in front of 80,000 people. The match finished 2–0 to Real Madrid, winning their fourth European Cup in a row and beating Reims in final for the second time in four years, following the 1956 final. Madrid dominated the match with goals by Enrique Mateos and Alfredo Di", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10432691", "score": "1.0010916", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2017 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "Real Madrid went into the final as top scorers of the 2016–17 Champions League, having scored 32 goals. This final is their third since 2014, and gives Real a chance to win a record 12th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 and 2016, and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 19th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are looking to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18871289", "score": "1.0006478", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League", "text": "and Italy's Internazionale. The stadium, home of Real Madrid, has hosted three previous European Cup finals, in 1957, 1969 and 1980. It was the first time that a UEFA Champions League final has been played on a Saturday night. England's Howard Webb was appointed to referee the Final. The two clubs competing in the Final had each won their domestic league and cup competitions, meaning that the winner became only the sixth club in Europe to have achieved a continental treble, and the first such club from their respective countries. It was also the second consecutive treble, following that of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11156323", "score": "0.9998336", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2014 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "and Valencia, and the fifth final between teams from the same country, the others being 2003 (Italy), 2008 (England), and 2013 (Germany). Real Madrid reached a record 13th final after a 5–0 aggregate win against defending champions Bayern Munich, making it the first time the club had reached the final since they won their record ninth title in 2002. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, and 2002, and lost in 1962, 1964, and 1981. This was also their 17th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15754113", "score": "0.99964935", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions", "long_answer": "Real Madrid had the most success in the European Cup, winning the trophy for a record twelve times. Real was the winner of the inaugural edition of the European Cup and the only club to win the trophy five times in a row (the first five editions). The club has also won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1985 and 1986, the Super Cup four times, in 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017, the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1960, 1998 and 2002, and the FIFA Club World Cup three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Real Madrid, with 24 trophies, is the most successful European team in international football. They have also been involved in European football ever since they became the first Spanish club to enter the European Cup in 1955, except for the 1977–78 and 1996–97 seasons.", "chunked_long_answer": "Real Madrid had the most success in the European Cup, winning the trophy for a record twelve times. Real was the winner of the inaugural edition of the European Cup and the only club to win the trophy five times in a row (the first five editions). The club has also won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1985 and 1986, the Super Cup four times, in 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017, the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1960, 1998 and 2002, and the FIFA Club World Cup three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Real Madrid, with 24 trophies, is", "short_answers": [ "twelve" ] }

[ "1876", "in 1876" ]

[ { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition. The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches, and in the first half of the 20th century, kudzu was distributed as a high-protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion. It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl. The Soil Erosion Service recommended", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Kudzu (comic strip)", "text": "Kudzu (comic strip) Kudzu was a daily comic strip by Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist Doug Marlette about rural Southerners. Distributed by Universal Press Syndicate, the strip ran from 1981 to 2007. The title came from the kudzu vine which was introduced to the Southern United States (and initially encouraged) as a soil erosion control plant, but soon became an out-of-control invasive species. The daily strip was launched on a Monday, June 15, 1981. At its peak, it was syndicated in 300 newspapers. Marlette was killed in a car accident on July 10, 2007, in Marshall County, Mississippi. \"Kudzu\" is no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7019713", "score": "1.3023953", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Kudzu", "text": "often sprayed with herbicides. The name kudzu describes one or more species in the genus \"Pueraria\" that are closely related, and some of them are considered to be varieties rather than full species. The morphological differences between them are subtle; they can breed with each other, and introduced kudzu populations in the United States apparently have ancestry from more than one of the species. They are: Kudzu spreads by vegetative reproduction via stolons (runners) that root at the nodes to form new plants and by rhizomes. Kudzu also spreads by seeds, which are contained in pods and mature in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "683696", "score": "1.2539632", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kudzu (comic strip)", "text": "adaptation of the strip, \"Kudzu, A Southern Musical\", which was produced in Washington, D.C. in 1998. Kudzu (comic strip) Kudzu was a daily comic strip by Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist Doug Marlette about rural Southerners. Distributed by Universal Press Syndicate, the strip ran from 1981 to 2007. The title came from the kudzu vine which was introduced to the Southern United States (and initially encouraged) as a soil erosion control plant, but soon became an out-of-control invasive species. The daily strip was launched on a Monday, June 15, 1981. At its peak, it was syndicated in 300 newspapers. Marlette was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7019716", "score": "1.2514743", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "in Pennsylvania. When kudzu was first introduced in the southeast, it was initially used as an ornamental vine to shade homes. By the early 20th century, southerners began to use kudzu for purposes other than ornamentation and so kudzu began to come closer in contact with the land which, in turn, encouraged its spread throughout the southeast. In the 135 years since its introduction, kudzu has spread over three million hectares (ha) of the southern United States, and continues to 'consume' the south at an estimated rate of per year, destroying power lines, buildings, and native vegetation in its path.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761026", "score": "1.2331318", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Kudzu", "text": "Gerald Waldron made the Leamington find while walking along the beach. He recognized the kudzu instantly, having read about its destructive expansion in the southeastern United States. During World War II, kudzu was introduced to Vanuatu and Fiji by United States Armed Forces to serve as camouflage for equipment and has become a major weed. Kudzu is also becoming a problem in northeastern Australia, and has been seen in Switzerland and in isolated spots in Northern Italy (Lake Maggiore). In New Zealand, kudzu was declared an \"unwanted organism\" and was added to the Biosecurity New Zealand register in 2002. For", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "683708", "score": "1.220225", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "kudzu as it became a \"structural parasite\" of the South, enveloping entire structures when untreated and often referred to as \"the vine that ate the South\". The word \"kudzu\" comes from the Japanese word for the plant, 葛, or \"kuzu\". Kudzu is believed to have originated in Japan, where the ecosystem (primarily the tendency of kudzu to experience above-ground die back over winter) kept the vine from becoming a nuisance, and it is thought to have been introduced to China and likely Korea. In Japan, kudzu thrives in mountainous regions, ranging from the 44th parallel north (the island of Hokkaido)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761020", "score": "1.2139941", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Kudzu", "text": "areas throughout most of the southeastern United States as far north as rural areas of Pulaski County, Illinois. Estimates of its rate of spreading differ wildly; it has been described as spreading at the rate of annually, although in 2015 the United States Forest Service estimated the rate to be only 2,500 acres per year. Kudzu was discovered July 2009 in a patch wide and across, on a south-facing slope on the shore of Lake Erie near Leamington, Ontario, about southeast of Windsor. Leamington is located in the second warmest growing region of Canada after south coastal British Columbia. Ecologist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "683707", "score": "1.1918762", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "Kudzu in the United States Kudzu is an invasive plant species in the United States. It has been spreading in the southern U.S. at the rate of 150,000 acres (61,000 ha) annually, \"easily outpacing the use of herbicide spraying and mowing, as well increasing the costs of these controls by $6 million annually\". This claim, however, was disputed in 2015 with the United States Forest Service estimating an increase of only 2,500 acres (1,000 ha) per year. Its introduction has produced devastating environmental consequences. This has earned it the nickname, \"The vine that ate the South\". Kudzu is a perennial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761016", "score": "1.1774051", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Kudzu (newspaper)", "text": "Kudzu (newspaper) The Kudzu was a counterculture underground newspaper published in Jackson, Mississippi starting in September 1968. Promising \"Subterranean News from the Heart of Ole Dixie\" and offering a blend of hip culture and radical politics, it was founded by members of the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), a student activist group affiliated with SDS. Founding editors were Cassell Carpenter, David Doggett, and Everett Long, students at Millsaps College in Jackson. Despite harassment by police and city officials it survived until May 1972. Before launching \"Kudzu\" David Doggett, who had been hired as a full-time organizer for Mississippi by SSOC,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14406035", "score": "1.1720921", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "Along the vines are nodes, points at which stems or tendrils can propagate to increase support and attach to structures. As a twining vine, kudzu uses stems or tendrils that can extend from any node on the vine to attach to and climb most surfaces. In addition, the nodes of the kudzu vine have the ability to root when exposed to soil, further anchoring the vine to the ground. The roots are tuberous and are high in starch and water content, and the twining of the plant allows for less carbon concentration in the construction of woody stems and greater", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761018", "score": "1.1717668", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "States allowed the kudzu to grow virtually unchecked. In 1953 the United States Department of Agriculture removed kudzu from a list of suggested cover plants and listed it as a weed in 1970. By 1997, the vine was placed on the \"Federal Noxious Weed List\". Today, kudzu is estimated to cover of land in the southeastern United States, mostly in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Mississippi. It has been recorded in Nova Scotia, Canada, in Columbus, Ohio, and in all five boroughs of New York City. In the United States, kudzu has been used as livestock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761023", "score": "1.171056", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "It has also been suggested that humans can help control the invasive vine by eating it as well. Kudzu in the United States Kudzu is an invasive plant species in the United States. It has been spreading in the southern U.S. at the rate of 150,000 acres (61,000 ha) annually, \"easily outpacing the use of herbicide spraying and mowing, as well increasing the costs of these controls by $6 million annually\". This claim, however, was disputed in 2015 with the United States Forest Service estimating an increase of only 2,500 acres (1,000 ha) per year. Its introduction has produced devastating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761041", "score": "1.167424", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Kudzu Wish", "text": "the continental United States. The band's next step was to record an EP entitled \"En Route\" with respected producer J. Robbins. The album was released by Ernest Jenning on October 7, 2005 and was released post-humously as a 12\" EP by Permaculture Records (now Red String Records). 2005 saw Kudzu wish touring up to Canada and back down to Florida with No Idea Records band, Fifth Hour Hero. 2005 also saw the final Kudzu wish show which took place at the Greene Street Club in Greensboro (A reunion concert was held at Two Art Chicks in 2007). In 2006 No", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11347477", "score": "1.1573392", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Doug Marlette", "text": "the internationally syndicated comic strip \"Kudzu\", which launched June 15, 1981. Marlette collaborated with Bland Simpson and Jack Herrick of the Red Clay Ramblers on a musical comedy adaptation of the strip, \"Kudzu, A Southern Musical\". His work appeared in \"Time\" and \"Newsweek\", along with newspapers such as \"The New York Times\" and \"The Washington Post\". In 1981, Marlette became the first cartoonist ever awarded a Nieman Fellowship. He won every major award for editorial cartooning, including the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning, the National Headliner Award for Consistently Outstanding Editorial Cartoons (three times) and first prize in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6498213", "score": "1.1382444", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "up to 60 feet per season, or about one foot per day. Kudzu is also able to allocate large portions of carbon to root growth, allowing it to acquire sufficient nutrients for rapid growth and to spread clonally. Primary kudzu roots can weigh over 180 kg, grow to 18 cm in diameter, and penetrate soil at a rate of 3 cm in depth per day. Kudzu can also root wherever stems make contact with soil, allowing vines to grow in all directions. Once rooted, most stems lose connection with each other within one year, allowing each stem to become a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761031", "score": "1.1191411", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "concentration in roots, which aids root growth. The roots can account for up to 40% of total plant biomass. Kudzu's primary method of reproduction is asexual vegetative spread (cloning) which is aided by the ability to root wherever a stem is exposed to soil. For sexual reproduction, kudzu is entirely dependent on pollinators. Although kudzu prefers forest regrowth and edge habitats with high sun exposure, the plant can survive in full sun or partial shade. These attributes of kudzu made it attractive as an ornamental plant for shading porches in the southeastern United States, but they facilitated the growth of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761019", "score": "1.1176555", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "a cover plant to prevent soil erosion. It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl. The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government-aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government-funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare. By 1946, it was estimated that of kudzu had been planted. When boll weevil infestations and the failure of cotton crops caused farmers to abandon their farms, kudzu plantings were left unattended. The climate and environment of the Southeastern United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761022", "score": "1.1092823", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "very stress-tolerant plant. Kudzu is drought tolerant and only the above ground portions of the plant are damaged by frost. Kudzu also forms symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) into ammonium which can be used by surrounding plants. Now the dominant nitrogen-fixing plant in the eastern United States, kudzu fixes an estimated 235 kg of nitrogen per hectare per year, which is an order of magnitude higher than the rates of native species. This ability allows it to flourish in nitrogen-poor sites where other plants are unable to grow. In the absence of other plants, nitrogen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761029", "score": "1.1091825", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Kudzu", "text": "Kudzu Kudzu (; also called Japanese arrowroot) is a group of plants in the genus \"Pueraria\", in the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. They are climbing, coiling, and trailing perennial vines native to much of eastern Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands. The name is derived from the Japanese name for the plant East Asian arrowroot (\"Pueraria montana\" var. \"lobata\"), or (\"kuzu\"). Where these plants are naturalized, they can be invasive and are considered noxious weeds. The plant climbs over trees or shrubs and grows so rapidly that it kills them by heavy shading. The plant is edible, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "683695", "score": "1.0967302", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "invaded 190 of the 2,000 total acres of the park and threatens to diminish the historical value of the park. There are several methods for controlling kudzu growth that are used in the Southeastern United States. These include mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. Most mechanical means of kudzu removal practiced in the southeastern United States involve mowing the vine or cutting it back. These methods, though more effective than herbicides, are more time consuming. Vines must be mowed down just above ground level every month or two during the growing season in order to prevent them from growing back. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761034", "score": "1.0901735", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "vine native to Asia, primarily subtropical and temperate regions of China, Japan, and Korea, with trifoliate leaves composed of three leaflets. Five species in the genus \"Pueraria\" (\"P. montana\", \"P. lobata\", \"P. edulis\", \"P. phaseoloides\" and \"P. thomsoni\") are closely related and kudzu populations in the United States seem to have ancestry from more than one of the species. Each leaflet is large and ovate with two to three lobes each and hair on the underside. The leaves have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which can supply up to 95% of leaf nitrogen to the plant in poor soils.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761017", "score": "1.0897286", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Kudzu (comic strip)", "text": "white man in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference) and author. Following Campbell's death in 2013, Marlette's son, Andy, honored Campbell with a final comic strip featuring Will B. Dunn, holding the Holy Bible at Campbell's grave. Marlette's flippant treatment of depression—a character read a magazine called \"Modern Depression\" which featured \"Suicide notes to the editor\"—drew criticism from advocates for the mentally ill. CBS aired a pilot for a \"Kudzu\" sitcom on August 13, 1983, but ended up airing as a TV special instead. Marlette collaborated with Bland Simpson and Jack Herrick of the Red Clay Ramblers on a musical comedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7019715", "score": "1.0896955", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Pueraria montana", "text": "Pueraria montana Pueraria montana is a species of plant in the botanical family Fabaceae. At least three sub-species (alternatively called varieties) are known. It is closely related to other species in the genus \"Pueraria\" (\"P. edulis\" and \"P. phaseoloides\") and the common name kudzu is used for all of these species and hybrids between them. The morphological differences between them are subtle, they can breed with each other, and it appears that introduced kudzu populations in the United States have ancestry from more than one of the species. It is a seasonal climbing plant, growing high where suitable surfaces (trees,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "899474", "score": "1.088747", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Kudzu (comic strip)", "text": "longer in syndication; the last daily was published on August 4, 2007. The Sunday strips ran until August 26, 2007. The cast included Kudzu Dubose, Nasal T. Lardbottom, Rev. Will B. Dunn, Ida Mae Wombat, Veranda Tadsworth and NASCAR Dad. Comics historian Don Markstein described the strip's characters: Will B. Dunn (the name is a play on the phrase \"thy will be done\", spoken by Jesus Christ at the Garden of Gethsemane), was modeled, at least in clothing and appearance, on Will D. Campbell, a preacher, director of religious life at the University of Mississippi, civil rights activist (the only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7019714", "score": "1.0848635", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Game Headwear", "text": "idea to form a separate company was born. As business began booming for A-Star, Davey Allison was killed in a helicopter accident at Talladega Superspeedway. Although this ended what began as a strong start for A-Star, it was also the catalyst for forming Kudzu which became the company that began designing, importing and selling headwear and jackets to NASCAR teams just as The Game had done for college and professional sports. For the formation of Kudzu, Neil teamed with Tommy Allison, Neil’s brother Phil and Neil’s son Jeff. From 1993 through 1998 several key events occurred. First, the W.C. Bradley", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12087753", "score": "1.0844709", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Kudzu (newspaper)", "text": "printer in Jackson, \"Kudzu\" was forced to go to \"The Louisiana Weekly\", a black newspaper in New Orleans, to get the paper printed. The paper had few advertisers and was financed mostly out of the pockets of the editors, who lost the small amount of financial support they were receiving from SSOC when that group disbanded in mid-1969. Kudzu (newspaper) The Kudzu was a counterculture underground newspaper published in Jackson, Mississippi starting in September 1968. Promising \"Subterranean News from the Heart of Ole Dixie\" and offering a blend of hip culture and radical politics, it was founded by members of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14406037", "score": "1.0832374", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Kudzai Sevenzo", "text": "debut album ON A DAY LIKE THIS, produced by producer and friend Andrew Baird. She released her second album CHILD OF AFRICA, also produced by Andrew Baird. Kudzai's star continued to rise as she was selected to anchor for a magazine show on MNET called Studio 53, which saw her travelling Africa and exploring its cuisine, arts and culture. The show allowed her to explore the diversity of Africa, and get to interview Africa's first female president, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. United States of America actor and artist, Nyambi Nyambi Jnr, commended Kudzai Sevenzo as a vastly talented actress he has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18068691", "score": "1.0800753", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "In the United States, kudzu is extensively reported in Alabama, Arkansas, Washington, D.C., Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Jersey, Oregon, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. Of these states, three in the southeast have the heaviest infestations: Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. Kudzu kills or damages other plants by smothering them under a blanket of leaves, encompassing tree trunks, breaking branches, or even uprooting entire trees. Kudzu's ability to grow quickly, survive in areas of low nitrogen availability, and acquire resources quickly allows it to out-compete native", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14761027", "score": "1.0767887", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Kudzu.com", "text": "Kudzu.com Kudzu.com is an online directory that aggregates user reviews and ratings on local businesses, merchants, and service providers. Kudzu.com is owned and operated by Cox Media Group. As of Nov 30, the website shut down. The website originally served the market of Atlanta, and expanded to Arizona, San Diego, and Las Vegas in the fall of 2006. In the fall of 2007, Kudzu.com expanded its listings on a national level, offering business information and the ability for customers to rate and review businesses in all markets across the United States. In August 2010, Kudzu.com partnered with HGTV, in which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10597140", "score": "1.0699589", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "long_answer": "The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition. The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches, and in the first half of the 20th century, kudzu was distributed as a high-protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion. It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl. The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government-aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government-funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare. By 1946, it was estimated that 1,200,000 hectares (3,000,000 acres) of kudzu had been planted. When boll weevil infestations and the failure of cotton crops caused farmers to abandon their farms, kudzu plantings were left unattended. The climate and environment of the Southeastern United States allowed the kudzu to grow virtually unchecked. In 1953 the United States Department of Agriculture removed kudzu from a list of suggested cover plants and listed it as a weed in 1970. By 1997, the vine was placed on the \"Federal Noxious Weed List\". Today, kudzu is estimated to cover 3,000,000 hectares (7,400,000 acres) of land in the southeastern United States, mostly in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Mississippi. It has been recorded in Nova Scotia, Canada, in Columbus, Ohio, and in all five boroughs of New York City.", "chunked_long_answer": "The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition. The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches, and in the first half of the 20th century, kudzu was distributed as a high-protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion. It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl. The Soil Erosion Service recommended", "short_answers": [ "1876", "in 1876" ] }

[ "lamina dura", "alveolar process", "the lamina dura" ]

[ { "title": "Alveolar process", "text": "The alveolar process contains a region of compact bone adjacent to the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is called the lamina dura when viewed on radiographs. It is this part which is attached to the cementum of the roots by the periodontal ligament. It is uniformly radiopaque (or lighter). Integrity of the lamina dura is important when studying radiographs for pathological lesions.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Lacrimal bone", "text": "bones. The boundaries where some of these bones meet with the others are called sutures. Rarely, the lacrimal bones fused with the nasal bones to form a pair of \"nasolacrimal\" crests, which are present in dinosaurs such as \"Dilophosaurus\", \"Megapnosaurus\" and \"Sinosaurus\". Lacrimal bone The lacrimal bone is a small and fragile bone of the facial skeleton; it is roughly the size of the little fingernail. It is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders. Several bony landmarks of the lacrimal bone function in the process of lacrimation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2130953", "score": "1.0953219", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Body of sphenoid bone", "text": "the crest is an irregular opening leading into the corresponding sphenoidal air sinus. These sinuses are two large, irregular cavities hollowed out of the interior of the body of the bone, and separated from one another by a bony septum, which is commonly bent to one or the other side. They vary considerably in form and size, are seldom symmetrical, and are often partially subdivided by irregular bony laminae. Occasionally, they extend into the basilar part of the occipital bone nearly as far as the foramen magnum. They begin to be developed before birth, and are of a considerable size", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8912849", "score": "1.067338", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Calcaneal fracture", "text": "of the foot. However, conventional radiography is limited for visualization of calcaneal anatomy, especially at the subtalar joint. A CT scan is currently the imaging study of choice for evaluating calcaneal injury and has substituted conventional radiography in the classification of calcaneal fractures. Axial and coronal views are obtained for proper visualization of the calcaneus, subtalar, calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints. The calcaneus, also known as the heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones and articulates with the cuboid bone anteriorly and the talus bone superiorly. It is responsible for transmitting the majority of the body's weight from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9471242", "score": "1.0549381", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Palpebral (bone)", "text": "Palpebral (bone) The palpebral bone is a small dermal bone found in the region of the eye socket in a variety of animals, including crocodilians and ornithischian dinosaurs. It is also known as the adlacrimal or supraorbital, although the latter term may not be confused with the supraorbital in osteichthyan fishes. In ornithischians, the palpebral can form a prong that projects from the front upper corner of the orbit. It is large in heterodontosaurids, basal ornithopods such as \"Thescelosaurus\" (as \"Bugenasaura\") and \"Dryosaurus\", and basal ceratopsians such as \"Archaeoceratops\"; in these animals, the prong is elongate and would have stuck", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10495872", "score": "1.0407914", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Lacrimal bone", "text": "The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species. In dinosaurs, the lacrimal bone usually defines the anterior rim of the orbit (eye socket), and the posterior rim of the antorbital fenestra. In some theropods (e.g. \"Allosaurus\", \"Ceratosaurus\", \"Albertosaurus\") the upper part of the lacrimal bone grew in such a manner as to form a horn on the top of the dinosaur's head, usually situated above, and anterior to the eye. In many dinosaurs, the lacrimal bone comes into contact with the nasal bone, the jugal bone, the prefrontal bone, and the maxillary and premaxillary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2130952", "score": "1.0392512", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Squamosal bone", "text": "Squamosal bone The squamosal is a bone of the head of higher vertebrates. It is the principal component of the cheek region in the skull, lying below the temporal series and otic notch and bounded anteriorly by the postorbital. Posteriorly, the squamosal articulates with the posterior elements of the palatal complex, namely the quadrate and pterygoid. The squamosal is bordered anteroventrally by the jugal and ventrally by the quadratojugal. In many mammals, including humans, it fuses with the periotic bone and the auditory bulla to form the temporal bone, then referred to as the squama temporalis. In synapsids (mammal-like reptiles)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7926038", "score": "1.0298635", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Osteoblastoma", "text": "2.0 cm in diameter while osteoid osteomas cannot. Although the tumor is usually considered benign, a controversial aggressive variant has been described in the literature, with histologic features similar to those of malignant tumors such as an osteosarcoma. When diagnosing osteoblastoma, the preliminary radiologic workup should consist of radiography of the site of the patient's pain. However, computed tomography (CT) is often necessary to support clinical and plain radiographic findings suggestive of osteoblastoma and to better define the margins of the lesion for potential surgery. CT scans are best used for the further characterization of the lesion with regard to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9773306", "score": "1.0284952", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Jugal bone", "text": "Jugal bone The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the malar or Zygomatic. It is connected to the quadratojugal and maxilla, as well as other bones, which may vary by species. This bone is considered key in the determination of general traits of the skull, in the case of creatures, as with dinosaurs in paleontology, whose entire skull has not been found. The jugal bone forms the cheek area in dinosaurs, and is part of the series of bones termed the circumorbital series, as they define the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3454492", "score": "1.0258844", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Zhuchengtitan", "text": "the bottom of the bone, the two condyles that articulate respectively with the radius and ulna are separated by a broad but shallow intercondylar groove, and there is a low but robust ridge on either side of the groove. These structures are more prominent in \"Saltasaurus\" and \"Opisthocoelicaudia\". The condyles are expanded towards the front of the bone; viewed from the bottom, the surface of the condyles is very roughened. On account of the inward and downward expansion of the deltopectoral crest, the localized swelling of the bone surrounding the crest, and the presence of a projecting process of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20430799", "score": "1.023347", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Transandinomys", "text": "the lacrimal bones, which are in contact with both the maxillary and frontal bones. The zygomatic notch is moderately developed and the jugal bone is small, so that when seen from the side the maxillary and squamosal parts of the zygomatic arch (cheekbone) overlap. Usually, the suture (line of fusion) between the frontal and the squamosal is continuous with that between the frontal and the parietal bone. In \"T. talamancae\", the parietals usually extend from the roof of the braincase broadly on to the sides, but in \"T. bolivaris\" they are more commonly restricted to the roof. The incisive foramina", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13943265", "score": "1.021012", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Mandibular fracture", "text": "examined with two views at perpendicular angles. Panoramic radiographs are tomograms where the mandible is in the focal trough and show a flat image of the mandible. Because the curve of the mandible appears in a 2-dimensional image, fractures are easier to spot leading to an accuracy similar to CT except in the condyle region. In addition, broken, missing or malaligned teeth can often be appreciated on a panoramic image which is frequently lost in plain films. Medial/lateral displacement of the fracture segments and especially the condyle are difficult to gauge so the view is sometimes augmented with plain film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12606778", "score": "1.0194547", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Running room", "text": "marginal crest of bone, which lies approximately 2 mm apical to the CEJ, is smaller. The tooth has the apico-coronal distance from the marginal crest of bone to the contact point in order to increase from the much narrower mesial-distal dimension to the greater mesial-distal dimension, and this distance is partially subgingival (below the gum line) and partially supragingival (above the gun line). \"Running room\" refers to this subgingival apico-coronal distance. In general, it is recommended that implants be given approximately 3mm of running room in compliance with the rule of thumb that implants should be placed as deep as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15059294", "score": "1.0180392", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Thalassodromeus", "text": "from in thickness; it thickened at the contact between the premaxillae and the frontoparietal part, and became gradually thinner toward the top and back (except for the lower part behind the occiput, where it had a thick base). Despite its size, the crest was lightly built and essentially hollow; some areas indicate signs of skeletal pneumatisation and a well-developed trabecular system uniting the bones. The crest's surface had a system of channels of varying size and thickness, probably the impressions of extensive blood vessels. A small, opening was present above the orbit (eye socket), piercing the basal part of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7945792", "score": "1.0119405", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Alveolar process", "text": "the most cervical rim of the alveolar bone proper. In a healthy situation, the alveolar crest is slightly apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) by approximately 1.5 to 2 mm. The alveolar crests of neighboring teeth are also uniform in height along the jaw in healthy situation. The supporting alveolar bone consists of both cortical bone and trabecular bone. The cortical bone, or cortical plates, consists of plates of compact bone on the facial and lingual surfaces of the alveolar bone. These cortical plates are usually about 1.5 to 3 mm thick over posterior teeth, but the thickness is highly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6314614", "score": "1.0116222", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dental radiography", "text": "and mandibular information. The occlusal view reveals the skeletal or pathologic anatomy of either the floor of the mouth or the palate. The occlusal film, which is about three to four times the size of the film used to take a periapical or bitewing, is inserted into the mouth so as to entirely separate the maxillary and mandibular teeth, and the film is exposed either from under the chin or angled down from the top of the nose. Sometimes, it is placed in the inside of the cheek to confirm the presence of a sialolith in Stenson's duct, which carries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9722895", "score": "1.009048", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Osteomyelitis of the jaws", "text": "of the mandible. Osteomyelitis of the jaws Osteomyelitis of the jaws is osteomyelitis (which is infection and inflammation of the bone marrow, sometimes abbreviated to OM) which occurs in the bones of the jaws (i.e. maxilla or the mandible). Historically, osteomyelitis of the jaws was a common complication of odontogenic infection (infections of the teeth). Before the antibiotic era, it was frequently a fatal condition. Former and colloquial names include Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ), cavitations, dry or wet socket, and NICO (neuralgia-inducing Cavitational osteonecrosis). The current, more correct, term, osteomyelitis of the jaws, differentiates the condition from the relatively", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17222512", "score": "1.0079074", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Occipital bone", "text": "Occipital bone The occipital bone () is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. At the base of skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a flat bone. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2087276", "score": "1.0074178", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Rhinoplasty", "text": "nasal bones in the midline (above) to the bony septum in the midline (posteriorly), then down along the bony floor. The septum is quadrangular; the upper half is flanked by two (2) triangular-to-trapezoidal cartilages: the upper lateral-cartilages, which are fused to the dorsal septum in the midline, and laterally attached, with loose ligaments, to the bony margin of the pyriform (pear-shaped) aperture, while the inferior ends of the upper lateral-cartilages are free (unattached). The internal area (angle), formed by the septum and upper lateral-cartilage, constitutes the internal valve of the nose; the sesamoid cartilages are adjacent to the upper lateral-cartilages", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1970265", "score": "1.0053728", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Osteoblastoma", "text": "the presence of a nidus and matrix mineralization. MRI aids in detection of nonspecific reactive marrow and soft tissue edema, and MRI best defines soft tissue extension, although this finding is not typical of osteoblastoma. Bone scintigraphy (bone scan) demonstrates abnormal radiotracer accumulation at the affected site, substantiating clinical suspicion, but this finding is not specific for osteoblastoma. In many patients, biopsy is necessary for confirmation. The first route of treatment in Osteoblastoma is via medical means. Although necessary, radiation therapy (or chemotherapy) is controversial in the treatment of osteoblastoma. Cases of postirradiation sarcoma have been reported after use of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9773307", "score": "1.0020596", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Beak", "text": "a thin sheet of nasal bones is attached to the skull at the nasofrontal hinge, which gives mobility to the upper mandible, allowing it to move upwards and downwards. The base of the upper mandible, or the roof when seen from the mouth, is the palate, the structure of which differs greatly in the ratites. Here, the vomer is large and connects with premaxillae and maxillopalatine bones in a condition termed as a \"paleognathous palate\". All other extant birds have a narrow forked vomer that does not connect with other bones and is then termed as neognathous. The shape of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1617311", "score": "0.9980494", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Osteopoikilosis", "text": "Osteopoikilosis Osteopoikilosis is a benign, autosomal dominant sclerosing dysplasia of bone characterized by the presence of numerous bone islands in the skeleton. The radiographic appearance of osteopoikilosis on an x-ray is characterized by a pattern of numerous white densities of similar size spread throughout all the bones. This is a systemic condition. It must be differentiated from blastic metastasis, which can also present radiographically as white densities interspersed throughout bone. Blastic metastasis tends to present with larger and more irregular densities in less of a uniform pattern. Another differentiating factor is age, with blastic metastasis mostly affecting older people, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11337887", "score": "0.9976879", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Accessory bone", "text": "Accessory bone An accessory bone or supernumerary bone is a bone that is not normally present in the body, but can be found as a variant in a significant number of people. They pose a risk of being misdiagnosed as bone fractures on radiography. The \"os ulnostyloideum\" is an ulnar styloid process that is not fused to the rest of the ulna bone. On X-rays, an \"os ulnostyloideum\" is sometimes mistaken for an avulsion fracture of the styloid process. However, the distinction between these is extremely difficult. It is alleged that the os ulnostyloideum has a close relationship with or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12920892", "score": "0.99751663", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Anatomical terms of bone", "text": "to their fine and complex structure. A \"sinus\" refers to a bony cavity, usually within the skull. A joint, or articulation is the region where adjacent bones contact each other, for example the elbow, shoulder, or costovertebral joint. Terms that refer to joints include: Bones are commonly described with the terms \"head\", \"neck\", \"shaft\", \"body\" and \"base\" The \"head\" of a bone usually refers to the proximal end of the bone. The shaft refers to the elongated sections of long bone, and the \"neck\" the segment between the head and shaft (or body). The end of the long bone opposite", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17760734", "score": "0.9964146", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Quadratojugal bone", "text": "Quadratojugal bone The quadratojugal is a cranial bone that is present in many tetrapods and their close relatives. It forms the rear lower corner of the skull, typically connecting to the jugal (cheek bone) from the front and the squamosal from above. The inner face of the quadratojugal also connects to the quadrate bone which forms the cranium's contribution to the jaw joint. Many living and extinct reptiles and amphibians possess a quadratojugal, but the bone has been lost or fused to other bones in several lineages. Modern examples of tetrapods without a quadratojugal include salamanders, mammals, birds, and squamates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3454465", "score": "0.9962226", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Osteitis fibrosa cystica", "text": "will show extremely thin bones, which are often bowed or fractured. However, such symptoms are also associated with other bone diseases, such as osteopenia or osteoporosis. Generally, the first bones to show symptoms via X-ray are the fingers. Furthermore, brown tumors, especially when manifested on facial bones, can be misdiagnosed as cancerous. Radiographs distinctly show bone resorption and X-rays of the skull may depict an image often described as \"ground glass\" or \"salt and pepper\". Dental X-rays may also be abnormal. Cysts may be lined by osteoclasts and sometimes blood pigments, which lend to the notion of \"brown tumors.\" Such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6465056", "score": "0.99611783", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Interparietal bone", "text": "Interparietal bone An interparietal bone (os interparietale or Inca bone or os Inca. Var.) is a dermal bone situated between the parietal and supraoccipital. In humans, it corresponds to the upper portion of the squama of the occipital bone that lies superior to the highest nuchal line and is completely fused to the supraoccipital. However, in some individuals this portion remains separate from the rest of the occipital bone throughout life. In such cases, this separate bone is particularly referred as Inca bone. Inca bones in humans were first found in the skulls of contemporary indigenous peoples of the southern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16251216", "score": "0.9957994", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Alveolar osteitis", "text": "bone, osteopetrosis, cemento-osseous dysplasia, a history of previously developing a dry socket with past extractions and inadequate oral hygiene. Other factors in the postoperative period that may lead to loss of the blood clot include forceful spitting, sucking through a straw, and coughing or sneezing. \"Alveolar\" refers to the alveolus, the alveolar processes of the mandible or maxilla; \"osteitis\" is derived from \"oste-\", from Greek, \"osteon\" meaning \"bone\"; and \"-itis\" means a disease characterized by inflammation. Osteitis generally refers to localized inflammation of bone with no progression through marrow spaces (compare with osteomyelitis). Often, the term alveolar osteitis is considered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4385454", "score": "0.99564344", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Thyroid cartilage", "text": "English but earlier works preferred the etymologically correct \"thyreoid cartilage\". The official Latin veterinary nomenclature, \"Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria\" has the form \"cartilago thyroidea\", in common with the human Nomina Anatomica/Terminologia Anatomica, but allows (in contrast to the latter) \"cartilago thyreoidea\" as an alternative spelling. An unfortunate mishap is the resemblance between Latin thyroidea and English thyroid on the one side and Ancient Greek θυροειδής on the other side, as the latter does not mean \"shield-like\", but actually means \"like a door\", derived from θύρα, door. Θυροειδής is however used in anatomic nomenclature in the expression θυροειδές τρῆμα (τρῆμα = hole,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5385719", "score": "0.99552524", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Skull roof", "text": "Skull roof The skull roof, or the roofing bones of the skull, are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates. The bones are derived from dermal bone and are part of the dermatocranium. In comparative anatomy the term is used on the full dermatocranium. In general anatomy, the roofing bones may refer specifically to the bones that form above and alongside the brain and neurocranium (i.e., excluding the marginal upper jaw bones such as the maxilla and premaxilla), and in human anatomy, the skull roof often refers specifically to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14091053", "score": "0.9950474", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Alveolar process", "long_answer": "The alveolar process contains a region of compact bone adjacent to the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is called the lamina dura when viewed on radiographs. It is this part which is attached to the cementum of the roots by the periodontal ligament. It is uniformly radiopaque (or lighter). Integrity of the lamina dura is important when studying radiographs for pathological lesions.", "chunked_long_answer": "The alveolar process contains a region of compact bone adjacent to the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is called the lamina dura when viewed on radiographs. It is this part which is attached to the cementum of the roots by the periodontal ligament. It is uniformly radiopaque (or lighter). Integrity of the lamina dura is important when studying radiographs for pathological lesions.", "short_answers": [ "lamina dura", "the lamina dura" ] }

[ "Austin", "Pflugerville" ]

[ { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "All five seasons of Friday Night Lights were filmed in Austin and Pflugerville. With the show yielding roughly $33 million a year in revenue, other states courted the production company after the state of Texas failed to pay all the rebates it had promised to the show's producers. The Texas legislature authorized funding to match the offers of other states, and the production company preferred to stay near Austin, so the show remained in Texas.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "Friday Night Lights (TV series) Friday Night Lights is an American drama television series about a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. It was developed by Peter Berg and executive produced by Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey and Jason Katims, based on by H. G. Bissinger, adapted as the 2004 film of the same name. The series' primary setting, Dillon, is a small, close-knit community in rural Texas. Team coach Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler) and his family, Tami, Julie and Grace, are featured. The show uses this small-town backdrop to address many issues facing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042699", "score": "1.0676095", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "it was confirmed by Berg that a film would not be moving forward. Friday Night Lights (TV series) Friday Night Lights is an American drama television series about a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. It was developed by Peter Berg and executive produced by Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey and Jason Katims, based on by H. G. Bissinger, adapted as the 2004 film of the same name. The series' primary setting, Dillon, is a small, close-knit community in rural Texas. Team coach Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler) and his family, Tami, Julie and Grace,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042774", "score": "1.0594399", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Attic Lights", "text": "and interview and had their Somerset House gig filmed and broadcast live on Channelbee. In October 2008 the band began to tour with Paul Heaton and Cerys Matthews. On 21 October 2008, Attic Lights invited fans via their MySpace page to be in their music video for their single \"Late Night Sunshine\". On 13 October 2008, the band's debut album, \"Friday Night Lights\", was released to positive reviews. The CD single version of \"Bring You Down\" featured remixes by fellow Glaswegians Mogwai and Camera Obscura. Attic Lights saw in 2009 by playing at the Edinburgh Princes Street Hogmanay celebrations. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11481237", "score": "1.0198478", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "Odessa c. 1988. Once filming on the movie was completed, Berg began to explore adapting the story for television. Berg later said he had regretted having to jettison many of the interpersonal topics from the book because of the time constraints of a feature film. Creating a TV series, particularly one based on fictional characters, allowed him to address many of those elements in-depth. He decided to set the series in a fictional town of Dillon, Texas, with some characteristics of Odessa. The football team was given the Panthers name. Berg deliberately carried elements from the film to the series,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042703", "score": "1.0184082", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "at a sports agency in New York City, after visiting a former Panthers player who is now playing professionally, and moves to the northeast to be close to his girlfriend and newborn baby. Matt is pushed back into his former football role in the playoffs. While Eric Taylor and Buddy Garrity were making a visit to a possible recruit who just moved into town, the coach learns of a plot to have him replaced as head coach of the Dillon Panthers. They learn that Joe McCoy wants Taylor replaced with Wade Aikman, J.D.'s personal coach. After the school's administration meets", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042734", "score": "1.0149755", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream", "text": "the Grain\" (1993), starring a young Ben Affleck. A movie version of \"Friday Night Lights\" was made and then released in the United States on October 6, 2004. It starred Billy Bob Thornton as Permian Coach Gary Gaines. The film was a box office and critical success and, in turn, spawned the NBC television series of the same name, which ran five seasons from 2006–2011. Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream is a 1990 non-fiction book written by H. G. Bissinger. The book follows the story", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11274304", "score": "1.0042739", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (film soundtrack)", "text": "double vinyl version of the album was released exclusively through Hip-O Select records and was limited to only 2500 copies. Friday Night Lights (film soundtrack) Friday Night Lights is the soundtrack for the 2004 film \"Friday Night Lights\", mostly written by post-rock band Explosions in the Sky in June and August 2004. It also features music by Daniel Lanois, Bad Company, and David Torn. The film's score was composed and conducted by Cliff Eidelman. Explosions in the Sky joined the project after receiving an email from producer Brian Reitzell that said \"he was working on a new movie and he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8883667", "score": "1.0005431", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream", "text": "going to Harvard. His father Tony is a successful lawyer originally from El Paso, Texas. Tony had enlisted in the United States Army after high school. After he was discharged, he took his GI Bill money and decided to take law classes at Texas Tech in Lubbock eventually graduating with a law degree in 1978. He supported the family by working as a police officer in El Paso. On his trips between the two cities, he drove through Odessa and thought it was dirty, seedy and trashy, and so decided to work in Midland. However, once he graduated, he got", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11274284", "score": "1.0002488", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Brad Leland", "text": "Brad Leland Brad Leland (born September 15, 1954) is an American film and television actor best known for his role as Buddy Garrity in the NBC/DirecTV series \"Friday Night Lights\". He has appeared in 20 feature films, 25 television shows and numerous theater performances. Leland was born in Lubbock, Texas, but moved to Plano during his sophomore year in high school. While in Plano, Leland played football for Plano High School. He sustained a serious knee injury the year the Wildcats won the 1971 AAA State Championship. In 1980, Leland graduated from Texas Tech with a bachelor's degree in acting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11137038", "score": "0.99401957", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (film soundtrack)", "text": "Friday Night Lights (film soundtrack) Friday Night Lights is the soundtrack for the 2004 film \"Friday Night Lights\", mostly written by post-rock band Explosions in the Sky in June and August 2004. It also features music by Daniel Lanois, Bad Company, and David Torn. The film's score was composed and conducted by Cliff Eidelman. Explosions in the Sky joined the project after receiving an email from producer Brian Reitzell that said \"he was working on a new movie and he was wondering if [the band] would be interested in doing music for it.\" The members were familiar with the book", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8883665", "score": "0.9913559", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (film)", "text": "of practice. Under rules of the University Interscholastic League (UIL), the governing body for Texas public school sports, teams cannot use pads or hit until the 4th day of practice (however, in the deleted scenes included in the DVD, a non-pad practice was shown). The soundtrack for the film predominantly featured post-rock band Explosions in the Sky. Music by Daniel Lanois and rock band Bad Company were also included. Other songs in the film were \"Just Got Paid\" by ZZ Top during the montage of the Panthers' road to the finals; the pump up song featured as the team ran", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3902976", "score": "0.9856503", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Eric Taylor (Friday Night Lights)", "text": "Eric Taylor (Friday Night Lights) Eric Taylor is a fictional character in the NBC/DirecTV (The 101 Network) drama television series \"Friday Night Lights\" played by Kyle Chandler. He is introduced as the head coach of the Dillon High School football team, the Dillon Panthers. At the end of the first season, he accepts a position as the quarterback coach at the fictional Texas Methodist University (TMU), where he had served as an assistant coach. After the birth of his second daughter, he leaves TMU in the second season to return to Dillon and once again coach the Panthers. Following a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10463834", "score": "0.98212373", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "In July 2011, it was revealed that creator and executive producer Peter Berg was interested in continuing the series, as a feature film. In August 2011, Berg said at a Television Critics Association panel that the \"Friday Night Lights\" film is in development. Berg was quoted as saying \"We're very serious about trying to do it\", adding that the script is currently being written. Universal Pictures and Imagine Television would produce the film, with Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton set to return. In May 2013, executive producer Brian Grazer confirmed the continued development to make a film. In December 2013,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042773", "score": "0.9819516", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights Vol. 2 (television soundtrack)", "text": "footage from the fourth season of the show. Friday Night Lights Vol. 2 (television soundtrack) Friday Night Lights Vol. 2 is the second soundtrack for the NBC television series \"Friday Night Lights\", a program inspired by the film of the same name. It was released by Arrival Records/Scion Music Group and is distributed by Fontana Distribution. The soundtrack consists of 12 songs featured on the television show, \"Friday Night Lights\". It was released digitally on May 4, 2010 with the CD release following on May 18, 2010. For the soundtrack's release, a new version of the music video for \"Percussion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14417081", "score": "0.98004675", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (film)", "text": "Friday Night Lights (film) Friday Night Lights is a 2004 American sports drama film, directed by Peter Berg. The film follows the coach and players of a high school football team in the Texas city of Odessa, which supported and was obsessed with them. The book on which it was based, \"\" (1990) by H. G. Bissinger, followed the story of the 1988 Permian High School Panthers football team as they made a run towards the state championship. A television series of the same name premiered on October 3, 2006 on NBC. The film won the Best Sports Movie ESPY", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3902968", "score": "0.97807014", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights)", "text": "While the movie was set in 1988, the television series takes place in the present. Peter Berg – who is Bissinger's cousin – co-wrote and directed the movie, and also wrote and directed the \"Friday Night Lights\" pilot. In addition to writing the script of the pilot, he also executively produced the entire project together with Sarah Aubrey and John Cameron. Berg expressed regret in interviews about having to sacrifice certain story lines in the movie, due to time restraints. The television series allowed interpersonal issues to be addressed more in depth. \"The idea was to create a television show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14639099", "score": "0.9757521", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream", "text": "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream is a 1990 non-fiction book written by H. G. Bissinger. The book follows the story of the 1988 Permian High School Panthers football team from Odessa, Texas, as they made a run towards the Texas state championship. While originally intended to be a \"Hoosiers\"-type chronicle of high school sports that holds together a small town, the final book ended up being critical about life in the town of Odessa. It was later adapted for television and film. Bissinger was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11274267", "score": "0.9673236", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (season 1)", "text": "aired Wednesdays at 8:00 pm for the rest of its season. The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set on August 28, 2007, in the United States and Canada, and October 29, 2007, in the United Kingdom. The season was produced by NBC Universal Television, Imagine Television, and Film 44 and was aired on NBC in the United States. The executive producers were developer Peter Berg, Sarah Aubrey, David Nevins, Brian Grazer, and Jason Katims, with Jeffrey Reiner, and John Cameron serving as co-executive producers. Writers included Berg, Katims, producers David Hudgins and Bridget Carpenter, consulting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9929089", "score": "0.9649198", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Friday Night Videos", "text": "Friday Night Videos Friday Night Videos (later becoming Friday Night and then Late Friday) is an American music video show that was broadcast on NBC from July 29, 1983 to May 24, 2002. It was the network's attempt to capitalize on the emerging popularity of music videos as seen on MTV. Belinda Carlisle was the guest host for the first episode. \"Friday Night Videos\" was initially produced by Dick Ebersol. From 1974 until 1981, in his role as Director of Late Night Programming at NBC, he co-produced \"The Midnight Special\" with that series' creator Burt Sugarman. Ebersol departed from \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6805369", "score": "0.9623044", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Friday Night Videos", "text": "with Darryl M. Bell (who was later replaced by Tonight Show Bandleader Branford Marsalis in 1993). In January 1994, after years of falling ratings and seemingly becoming more and more insignificant in the wake of the cable television boom that allowed more households to have access to MTV, the show was retooled in an attempt to stay relevant. Moving to NBC Studios in Burbank from New York, the name was shortened to \"Friday Night\", and became less of a music video show and more of a general entertainment and variety program, featuring celebrity interviews, stand-up comedy, movie reviews, live performances,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6805377", "score": "0.96185017", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Attic Lights", "text": "in the Park festival, led to a bidding war between major labels. The band signed with Island Records, and released their debut album, \"Friday Night Lights\", in October 2008. Attic Lights began by rehearsing and recording demos in (vocalist / bassist) Colin McArdle's attic in Springburn, Glasgow. In 2006 the band composed and performed the theme tune for BBC Scotland series 'The Music Show.' They played the Glasgow circuit and toured small venues throughout the UK before being signed to Island Records in 2007. In July 2008, Attic Lights appeared on the BBC's The Culture Show in a live performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11481236", "score": "0.95819926", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "again when Buddy Jr., who developed problems in California, is sent back to Dillon to get help from his father. He's pleased when his son becomes a Lions football player. Julie looks for support first from her parents, and then from her old boyfriend Matt Saracen, who is living in Chicago and attending art school. Julie drives up to spend some time with him, but leaves still confused about her future. Tim is up for parole, and with the help of Coach Taylor and Buddy Garrity, is approved for early release. Buddy gives him a job as a bartender at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042746", "score": "0.9564041", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "wife to Philadelphia as she accepts the job as Dean of Admissions at a prestigious school, and the show ends showing them living happily. Tim and Tyra talk about their dreams and a potential future at his new home site. Julie is engaged to Matt and lives with him in Chicago. Vince is the quarterback of the Dillon Panthers \"Superteam\", consisting of both East and West Dillon High School athletes, joined by Buddy Jr., Tinker, and possibly Hastings. Jess is living in Dallas, and helping to student coach a team and is following her dreams. Billy is expecting twins with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042748", "score": "0.95603997", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Zach Gilford", "text": "Zach Gilford Zachary Michael \"Zach\" Gilford (born January 14, 1982) is an American actor best known for his role as Matt Saracen on the NBC sports drama \"Friday Night Lights\". Gilford was born in Evanston, Illinois, the son of Anne and Steve Gilford. He is of half Swedish and half Russian Jewish descent. He graduated from Northwestern University and Evanston Township High School. He served as a Trip Leader for Adventures Cross-Country and has led wilderness and adventure trips for teenagers to Alaska, British Columbia, California, Hawaii, and the South Pacific. Gilford also worked as a staff member for YMCA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9544838", "score": "0.950063", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Taylor Kitsch", "text": "edition coffee table book \"About Face\" by celebrity photographer John Russo. In 2006, Kitsch was cast in his breakout role on the NBC sports teen drama television series \"Friday Night Lights\", based on Peter Berg's 2004 film of the same name and set in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas. For five seasons, Kitsch portrayed the role of Tim Riggins, a high school student who is the fullback/running back of the Dillon Panthers. The series premiered in October 2006 to universal critical acclaim from critics and over 7.7 million viewers. Kitsch has ruled out reprising his role in a potential", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8826932", "score": "0.9497732", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Aaron Rahsaan Thomas", "text": "Lights\". Thomas additionally has been nominated for two NAACP Image Awards for his work on \"Friday Night Lights\". Aaron Rahsaan Thomas Aaron Rahsaan Thomas is an American television and film screenwriter and producer, as well as an adjunct professor at the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts. Thomas was born and raised in Kansas City, Kansas, and attended the Pembroke Hill School in nearby Kansas City, Missouri. Thereafter, he attended the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles, where he remained afterward and lives today. Thomas began his professional career as a writer's assistant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12801850", "score": "0.94491184", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (season 5)", "text": "series, as a feature film. In August 2011, Berg said at a Television Critics Association panel that the \"Friday Night Lights\" film is in development. Berg was quoted as saying \"We're very serious about trying to do it\", adding that the script is currently being written. Universal Pictures and Imagine Television would produce the film, with Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton set to return. In May 2013, executive producer Brian Grazer confirmed the continued development to make a film. In December 2013, it was confirmed by Berg that a film would not be moving forward. Friday Night Lights (season 5)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15122697", "score": "0.9435611", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "Jason Street to Mexico to look for a treatment for Jason's paralysis. On returning to Dillon, Tim finds that a neighbor woman, with whom he had a brief affair, is now seeing his brother Billy and has all but moved into their house. Tim moves out but has trouble finding another place to live and ultimately returns. Coach Taylor allows him to rejoin the team after he shows up at practice and on his own initiative apologizes to everyone on the team for his lack of commitment. Lyla Garrity becomes increasingly involved in an organization for young Christians. As part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042726", "score": "0.9426323", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "the first time; however, these releases lacked the previously included special features. Two soundtracks with music featured on the show were released. The first, \"Friday Night Lights\", was released in 2007, and included music from The Killers, OutKast, and Explosions in the Sky, who had produced the score for the film. The second soundtrack, \"Friday Night Lights Vol. 2\", was released in 2010, and included the main \"Friday Night Lights Theme\" by W. G. Walden. The score for both the film and television show, along with all background music and all instrumental music is performed by Explosions in the Sky.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8042772", "score": "0.9394208", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "long_answer": "All five seasons of Friday Night Lights were filmed in Austin and Pflugerville. With the show yielding roughly $33 million a year in revenue, other states courted the production company after the state of Texas failed to pay all the rebates it had promised to the show's producers. The Texas legislature authorized funding to match the offers of other states, and the production company preferred to stay near Austin, so the show remained in Texas.", "chunked_long_answer": "All five seasons of Friday Night Lights were filmed in Austin and Pflugerville. With the show yielding roughly $33 million a year in revenue, other states courted the production company after the state of Texas failed to pay all the rebates it had promised to the show's producers. The Texas legislature authorized funding to match the offers of other states, and the production company preferred to stay near Austin, so the show remained in Texas.", "short_answers": [ "Austin", "Pflugerville" ] }

[ "George Washington", "Comte de Rochambeau" ]

[ { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown, German Battle or the Siege of Little York, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, the siege proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in the North American theater, as the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cornwallis in North America", "text": "the place where he died. Cornwallis in North America Charles, Earl Cornwallis (1738–1805) was a military officer who served in the British Army during the American War of Independence. He is best known for surrendering his army after the 1781 Siege of Yorktown, an act that ended major hostilities in North America and led directly to peace negotiations and the eventual end of the war. Born into an aristocratic family with a history of public service, Cornwallis was politically opposed to the war, but agreed to serve when it became clear that Britain would require a significant military presence in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14596592", "score": "0.99851006", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Cornwallis in North America", "text": "Cornwallis in North America Charles, Earl Cornwallis (1738–1805) was a military officer who served in the British Army during the American War of Independence. He is best known for surrendering his army after the 1781 Siege of Yorktown, an act that ended major hostilities in North America and led directly to peace negotiations and the eventual end of the war. Born into an aristocratic family with a history of public service, Cornwallis was politically opposed to the war, but agreed to serve when it became clear that Britain would require a significant military presence in the Thirteen Colonies. First arriving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14596533", "score": "0.9975321", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Walter Stewart (general)", "text": "the addition of one light infantry and two Pennsylvania battalions, the Americans walked into a British ambush. Outnumbered seven-to-one, Wayne ordered a counterattack. This bold action and the approach of nightfall allowed the Americans to escape with only 28 killed, 99 wounded, and 12 missing. The British suffered 75 casualties. In October 1781, Stewart participated in the Siege of Yorktown as commander of the 1st Pennsylvania Battalion in General Wayne's brigade of Von Steuben's division. Stewart retired from the army on January 1, 1783. However, Washington convinced him to stay on as Inspector General of the Northern Department. Soon after,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16143642", "score": "0.98519933", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Battle of the Chesapeake", "text": "Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. The French were able to achieve control of the sea lanes against the British and provided the Franco-American army with siege artillery and French reinforcements. These proved decisive in the Siege of Yorktown, effectively securing independence for the Thirteen Colonies. Admiral de Grasse had the option to attack British forces in either New York or Virginia; he opted for Virginia, arriving at the Chesapeake at the end of August. Admiral Graves learned that de Grasse had sailed from the West Indies for North America and that French Admiral de Barras had also sailed from Newport, Rhode", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "472504", "score": "0.9735004", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War", "text": "landing forces near Yorktown. The Royal Navy attempted to dispute this control in the key Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September but Rear-Admiral Thomas Graves was defeated. Protected from the sea by French ships, Franco-American forces surrounded, besieged and forced the surrender of British forces commanded by General Cornwallis, concluding major operations in North America. When the news reached London, the government of Lord Frederick North fell, and the following Rockingham ministry entered into peace negotiations. These culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, in which King George III recognised the independence of the United States of America.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2976552", "score": "0.97255266", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Yorktown campaign", "text": "Yorktown campaign The Yorktown or Virginia campaign was a series of military maneuvers and battles during the American Revolutionary War that culminated in the decisive Siege of Yorktown in October 1781. The result of the campaign was the surrender of the British Army force of General Charles Earl Cornwallis, an event that led directly to the beginning of serious peace negotiations and the eventual end of the war. The campaign was marked by disagreements, indecision, and miscommunication on the part of British leaders, and by a remarkable set of cooperative decisions, at times in violation of orders, by the French", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6883238", "score": "0.96824336", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Guilford County, North Carolina", "text": "the field at the end of the battle, his losses were so severe that he decided to withdraw to the Carolina coastline, where he could receive reinforcements from the British Royal Navy at the port in Wilmington and his battered army could be protected by the British naval power. His decision ultimately led to his leading his finished ravaged army north into Virginia leading eventually to his defeat and surrender later in October 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia after a long siege, by a combined force of American and French Royal troops and blockading French Navy warships on the Chesapeake Bay.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "924074", "score": "0.9647118", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Peter Muhlenberg", "text": "Virginia using mainly militia units. At the Battle of Yorktown, he commanded the first brigade in Lafayette's Light Division. His brigade was part of the Corps of Light Infantry, consisting of the light infantry companies of the line regiments of Massachusetts (ten companies), Connecticut (five companies), New Hampshire (five companies), and Rhode Island and New Jersey (one each). They held the right flank and manned the two trenches built to move American cannons closer to Cornwallis' defenses. The battalion commanded by American Lt. Colonel Alexander Hamilton and French Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Joseph Sourbader de Gimat led the night bayonet attack that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1748364", "score": "0.9644823", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Yorktown order of battle", "text": "states, or were German immigrants to America; this has led the siege to be known in German historiography as \"die Deutsche Schlacht\" (\"the German battle\"). The following units and commanders of the British, American, and French forces fought in the Siege of Yorktown, or provided significant local support. The British Army forces present at Yorktown arrived in Virginia in four separate detachments. The first was sent from New York City in December 1780 under the command of the turncoat Brigadier General Benedict Arnold. The second was sent from New York in March 1781 under the command of Major General William", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8107199", "score": "0.9637037", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "the redoubt. The Americans forced their way into the redoubt falling into giant shell holes from the bombardment of the redoubts. The British fire was heavy, but the Americans overwhelmed them. Someone in the front shouted, \"Rush on boys! The fort's ours!\" The British threw hand grenades at the Americans with little effect. Men in the trench stood on the shoulders of their comrades to climb into the redoubt. The bayonet fight cleared the British out of the redoubt and almost the entire garrison was captured, including the commander of the redoubt, Major Campbell. In the assault, the Americans lost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381951", "score": "0.9635328", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "American guns there were three twenty-four pounders, three eighteen pounders, two eight-inch (203 mm) howitzers and six mortars, totaling fourteen guns. At 3:00 pm, the French guns opened the barrage and drove the British frigate, HMS \"Guadeloupe\" across the York River, where she was scuttled to prevent capture. At 5:00 pm, the Americans opened fire. Washington fired the first gun; legend has it that this shot smashed into a table where British officers were eating. The Franco-American guns began to tear apart the British defenses. Washington ordered that the guns fire all night so that the British could not make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381944", "score": "0.9626744", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Yorktown order of battle", "text": "January 1781 sent the Marquis de Lafayette to Virginia with 900 men. He was to be followed promptly by troops from the Pennsylvania Line under the command of Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, but Wayne did not arrive in Virginia until June. Lafayette's force included a substantial number of Virginia militia, and he shadowed Cornwallis during the movements that ended at Yorktown, with a skirmish at Spencer's Ordinary and a larger battle at Green Spring being their only significant encounters. The main Continental Army of General Washington was at first stationed outside New York City, which Washington hoped to besiege with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8107203", "score": "0.9580523", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "surround Yorktown. The French took the positions on the left while the Americans took the position of honor on the right. Cornwallis had a chain of seven redoubts and batteries linked by earthworks along with batteries that covered the narrows of the York River at Gloucester Point. That day, Washington reconnoitered the British defenses and decided that they could be bombarded into submission. The Americans and the French spent the night of the 28th sleeping out in the open, while work parties built bridges over the marsh. Some of the American soldiers hunted down wild hogs to eat. On September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381937", "score": "0.9572673", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Yorktown, Virginia", "text": "of the earthworks dug by the besieging American and French forces. The Yorktown Victory Monument – commemorating the victory, the alliance with France that brought it about, and the resulting peace with Great Britain after the war - is located just outside the current town. Designed by New York architect Richard Morris Hunt, the monument was installed in 1884 and topped by a figure of Liberty sculpted by John Quincy Adams Ward. That element was destroyed by lightning in 1942. It was replaced in 1957 by a figure of Victory by Oskar J. W. Hansen. A memorial to the French", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1244601", "score": "0.95689553", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Charles Scott (governor)", "text": "Washington's generals, he ultimately prevailed upon Washington to conduct the attack. On October4, 1777, the 4th Virginia attacked the British in the Battle of Germantown. Because of their circuitous route to the battle, the field was already covered by heavy smoke from muskets and a fire set by the British in a dry buckwheat field when they arrived; they and the other colonial forces were lost in the smoke and retreated. After the defeat at Germantown, Washington's troops took a position in the hills surrounding Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania, about from Philadelphia. Scott and four other generals initially favored an attack on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5462752", "score": "0.9517479", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Yorktown campaign", "text": "a measure, [...] the one would have been turned out, and the other would have been hung: no wonder they succeeded and we failed.\" The principal points of commemoration of the events of this campaign are managed by the National Park Service in the Colonial National Historical Park. In addition to the battlefield at Yorktown, the park includes the Cape Henry Memorial, where the French naval victory by de Grasse is remembered. Yorktown campaign The Yorktown or Virginia campaign was a series of military maneuvers and battles during the American Revolutionary War that culminated in the decisive Siege of Yorktown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6883306", "score": "0.9488131", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "29, Washington moved the army closer to Yorktown and British gunners opened fire on the infantry. Throughout the day, several British cannon fired on the Americans but there were few casualties. Fire was also exchanged between American riflemen and Hessian Jägers. Cornwallis pulled back from all of his outer defenses, except for the Fusilier's redoubt on the west side of the town and redoubts 9 and 10 in the east. Cornwallis had his forces occupy the earthworks immediately surrounding the town because he had received a letter from Clinton that promised relief force of 5,000 men within a week and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381938", "score": "0.94727653", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Yorktown, Virginia", "text": "further west, into the Piedmont and beyond to Kentucky, Tennessee and what became the Northwest Territory. During the 1862 Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War (1861–1865), the town was captured by the Union following the Siege and Battle of Yorktown. It was used as a base by the Union Army of the Potomac under General George B. McClellan to launch an attack on Richmond. One of Yorktown's sister cities is Zweibrücken, Germany. During the American Revolutionary War, the Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment was commanded by Comte Christian de Forbach (son of Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, and the deputy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1244596", "score": "0.9469906", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "theater, as the surrender by Cornwallis, and the capture of both him and his army, prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the conflict. The battle boosted faltering American morale and revived French enthusiasm for the war, as well as undermining popular support for the conflict in Great Britain. In 1780, about 5,500 French soldiers landed in Rhode Island to help their American allies fight the British troops who controlled New York City. Following the arrival of dispatches from France that included the possibility of support from the French West Indies fleet of the Comte de Grasse, Washington", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381922", "score": "0.94694793", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "served at Yorktown with each of the British and French armies, and more than 3,000 German-Americans were in Washington's army. Four Army National Guard units (113th Inf, 116th Inf, 175th Inf and 198th Sig Bn) and one active Regular Army Field Artillery battalion (1–5th FA) are derived from American units that participated in the Battle of Yorktown. There are thirty current U.S. Army units with lineages that go back the colonial era. Five days after the British surrendered, Congress passed a resolution agreeing to erect a structure dedicated to commemorating those who participated in the battle. Construction of the monument", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381967", "score": "0.945194", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Yorktown order of battle", "text": "Petersburg, Cornwallis was joined by a fourth detachment from New York that was under the command of the Hessian Colonel August von Voigt. With this force, numbering about 7,200, Cornwallis first chased after the army of the Marquis de Lafayette, a much smaller force of Continental Army and local militiamen that had provided some resistance to the movements of Phillips and Arnold. Cornwallis was eventually ordered by General Clinton to establish a fortified deep-water port at either Yorktown or Portsmouth. Cornwallis chose Yorktown, and began constructing fortifications there and Gloucester Point, just across the York River from Yorktown, in August", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8107201", "score": "0.94466245", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "George Washington in the American Revolution", "text": "the French army moved south to face Cornwallis, and a cooperative French navy under Admiral de Grasse successfully disrupted British attempts to control of the Chesapeake Bay, completing the entrapment of Cornwallis, who surrendered after the Siege of Yorktown in October 1781. Although Yorktown marked the end of significant hostilities in North America, the British still occupied New York and other cities, so Washington had to maintain the army in the face of a bankrupt Congress and troops that were at times mutinous over conditions and pay. The army was formally disbanded after peace in 1783, and Washington resigned his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9436083", "score": "0.9446261", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Virginia in the American Revolution", "text": "trap, and Wayne was very nearly caught by the much larger, 5,000 soldier, main body of Cornwallis' forces at the Battle of Green Spring on July 6, 1781. Wayne ordered a charge against Cornwallis in order to feign greater strength and stop the British advance. Casualties were light with the Americans losing 140 and the British 75, but the ploy allowed the Americans to escape. Cornwallis moved his troops across the James to Portsmouth to await Clinton's orders. Clinton decided that a position on the peninsula must be held and that Yorktown would be a valuable naval base. Cornwallis received", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15691178", "score": "0.9416826", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "line, movements were made as if preparing for an assault on Yorktown itself, which caused the British to panic. With bayonets fixed, the Americans marched towards Redoubt No. 10. Hamilton sent Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens around to the rear of the redoubt to prevent the British from escaping. The Americans reached the redoubt and began chopping through the British wooden defenses with their axes. A British sentry called a challenge, and then fired at the Americans. The Americans responded by charging with their bayonets towards the redoubt. They hacked through the abatis, crossed a ditch and climbed the parapet into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381950", "score": "0.9410171", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Violet Bank Museum", "text": "ended in Cornwallis' capitulation at the Siege of Yorktown. There were two American Revolutionary War actions fought on the hillside. The first was in March 1781 under von Steuben and his Virginia Militia; the second in April 1781, under Lafayette. Both of these were actions against British Major General William Phillips, who mentioned the property in a dispatch: \"We assaulted the enemy's work across the river and attempted to gain the high ground adjacent to Thomas Shore's house, but were repulsed with heavy losses.\" The British casualties were approx. 200. Phillips' objectives were to capture the crucial river crossing on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17423951", "score": "0.9409386", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Battle of Cowan's Ford", "text": "Battle of Cowan's Ford The Battle of Cowan's Ford was a battle in the Southern Theater of Cornwallis's 1780–1782 Campaign that eventually led to the British Army's surrender at Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War. It was fought on at Cowan's ford on the Catawba River in northwestern Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, between a force of about 5,000 British and fewer than a thousand Americans who were attempting to slow the British advance across the river. The American general William Lee Davidson was killed in this battle. After the British victory at the Battle of Camden, General Nathanael Greene replaced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9782679", "score": "0.94076115", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "but threw down their arms and surrendered when the French prepared a bayonet charge. With the capture of redoubts 9 and 10, Washington was able to have his artillery shell the town from three directions and the allies moved some of their artillery into the redoubts. On October 15, Cornwallis turned all of his guns onto the nearest allied position. He then ordered a storming party of 350 British troops under the command of Colonel Robert Abercromby to attack the allied lines and spike the American and French cannon (i.e., plug the touch hole with an iron spike). The allies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381953", "score": "0.9406929", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "North Carolina", "text": "Loyalists). The American victory at Kings Mountain gave the advantage to colonists who favored American independence, and it prevented the British Army from recruiting new soldiers from the Tories. The road to Yorktown and America's independence from Great Britain led through North Carolina. As the British Army moved north from victories in Charleston and Camden, South Carolina, the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia prepared to meet them. Following General Daniel Morgan's victory over the British Cavalry Commander Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, southern commander Nathanael Greene led British Lord Charles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "293630", "score": "0.9382134", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": "more allied guns were in line and the fire intensified. In desperation, Cornwallis attempted to evacuate his troops across the York River to Gloucester Point. At Gloucester Point the troops might be able to break through the allied lines and escape into Virginia and then march to New York. One wave of boats made it across but a squall hit when they returned to take more soldiers across, making the evacuation impossible. The fire on Yorktown from the allies was heavier than ever as new artillery pieces joined the line. Cornwallis talked with his officers that day and they agreed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1381955", "score": "0.9376851", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "long_answer": "The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown, German Battle or the Siege of Little York, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, the siege proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in the North American theater, as the surrender by Cornwallis, and the capture of both him and his army, prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the conflict. The battle boosted faltering American morale and revived French enthusiasm for the war, as well as undermining popular support for the conflict in Great Britain.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown, German Battle or the Siege of Little York, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, the siege proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in the North American theater, as the", "short_answers": [ "Comte de Rochambeau", "George Washington" ] }

[ "Continental drift" ]

[ { "title": "Continental drift", "text": "Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to \"drift\" across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Earth", "text": "helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. A crust formed when the molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's interior. Over the period of hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have assembled and broken apart. Roughly (Mya), one of the earliest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111069", "score": "1.0286082", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Continent", "text": "a period of 2.0–1.8 billion years ago and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago. The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents). The following table lists the seven continents with their highest and lowest points on land, sorted in decreasing highest points. † The lowest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12539147", "score": "0.97858775", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Geological history of Earth", "text": "crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as a result of the impact of a planetoid with the Earth. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans. As the surface continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke apart. They migrated across the surface, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly , the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, , then finally Pangaea, which broke apart . The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10358312", "score": "0.97495604", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Nature", "text": "or all of which came from ice delivered by comets, produced the oceans and other water sources. The highly energetic chemistry is believed to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago. Continents formed, then broke up and reformed as the surface of Earth reshaped over hundreds of millions of years, occasionally combining to make a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia which broke apart about 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart about 180 million years ago. During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289885", "score": "0.9625704", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Earth science", "text": "is known as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the Earth is resurfaced. As the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithosphere is created by the flow of magma from the mantle to the near surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called \"divergent boundaries\", those where it is brought back into the Earth are \"convergent boundaries\" and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12790512", "score": "0.96178967", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Geochemistry", "text": "differentiation occurs at mid-ocean ridges through partial melting, with more refractory materials remaining at the base of the lithosphere while the remainder rises to form basalt. After an oceanic plate descends into the mantle, convection eventually mixes the two parts together. Erosion differentiates granite, separating it into clay on the ocean floor, sandstone on the edge of the continent, and dissolved minerals in ocean waters. Metamorphism and anatexis (partial melting of crustal rocks) can mix these elements together again. In the ocean, biological organisms can cause chemical differentiation, while dissolution of the organisms and their wastes can mix the materials", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "511361", "score": "0.95387065", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Geological history of Earth", "text": "heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about . The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10358345", "score": "0.95322746", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Paleocontinent", "text": "not very dense so neither continent would sink or sub duct. This causes the formation of Fold and Thrust belts, similar to the Himalayas today. Rodinia lasted for 250 mya and then began to come apart between 850 and 800 mya. The continent began to break part at a single point but then fractured and ripped open in three different directions. Two of the three rifts that were created were successful and the third failed. The breaking up Rodinia caused the formation of Gondwana or Gondwanaland and Laurentia. Rodinia’s breakup created many shallow coastal shelves that were not there before.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14162949", "score": "0.948648", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rise of the Continents", "text": "Rise of the Continents Rise of the Continents is a British documentary television series that premiered on BBC Two on 9 Jun 2013. The four-part series is presented by geologist Iain Stewart. The series hypothesizes how 250 million years in the future, all of the continents will collide together once more, forming a new Pangea, with Eurasia right at its heart. Using clues like Africa's spectacular landmarks, mineral wealth and wildlife, Iain Stewart shows how the continent of Africa was formed from the wreckage of a long lost supercontinent. It features, among other things, creation of Victoria Falls, diamond mines", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17903233", "score": "0.9479501", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Geological history of Earth", "text": "by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas. During the Eocene ( - ), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10358344", "score": "0.94182074", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Future of Earth", "text": "of the Paleomap Project. In their scenario, 50 million years from now the Mediterranean sea may vanish and the collision between Europe and Africa will create a long mountain range extending to the current location of the Persian Gulf. Australia will merge with Indonesia, and Baja California will slide northward along the coast. New subduction zones may appear off the eastern coast of North and South America, and mountain chains will form along those coastlines. To the south, the migration of Antarctica to the north will cause all of its ice sheets to melt. This, along with the melting of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13750929", "score": "0.94086236", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Land", "text": "the molten outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid mass as the accumulated water vapor began to act in the atmosphere. Once land became capable of supporting life, biodiversity evolved over hundreds of million years, expanding continually except when punctuated by mass extinctions. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the Earth's interior. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17458193", "score": "0.9407253", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Earth", "text": "known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia , then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart . The present pattern of ice ages began about and then intensified during the Pleistocene about . High-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating about every . The last continental glaciation ended ago. Chemical reactions led to the first self-replicating molecules about four billion years ago. A half billion years later, the last common ancestor of all current life arose. The evolution of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "111070", "score": "0.9404789", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Paleocontinent", "text": "into one giant continent there was a giant ocean to match. Pangea broke apart after 70 million years. The supercontinent was torn apart through fragmentation, which is where parts of the main landmass would break off in stages. There were two main events that led to the dispersal of Pangea. The first was a passive rifting event that occurred in the Triassic period. This rifting event caused the Atlantic Ocean to form. The other event was an active rifting event. This happened in the Lower Jurassic and caused the opening of the Indian Ocean.This breakup took 17 million years to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14162965", "score": "0.9392625", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Future of Earth", "text": "to collide with Asia. In an extroversion model, the closure of the Pacific Ocean would be complete in about 350 million years. This marks the completion of the current supercontinent cycle, wherein the continents split apart and then rejoin each other about every 400–500 million years. Once the supercontinent is built, plate tectonics may enter a period of inactivity as the rate of subduction drops by an order of magnitude. This period of stability could cause an increase in the mantle temperature at the rate of every 100 million years, which is the minimum lifetime of past supercontinents. As a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13750932", "score": "0.9377204", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Future of Earth", "text": "the Greenland ice sheets, will raise the average ocean level by . The inland flooding of the continents will result in climate changes. As this scenario continues, by 100 million years from the present the continental spreading will have reached its maximum extent and the continents will then begin to coalesce. In 250 million years, North America will collide with Africa while South America will wrap around the southern tip of Africa. The result will be the formation of a new supercontinent (sometimes called Pangaea Ultima), with the Pacific Ocean stretching across half the planet. The continent of Antarctica will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13750930", "score": "0.93472767", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Continental drift", "text": "\"continental creep\". In a later paper he proposed that this occurred by their being dragged towards the equator by tidal forces during the hypothesized capture of the moon in the Cretaceous, resulting in \"general crustal creep\" toward the equator. Although his proposed mechanism was wrong, he was the first to realize the insight that one of the effects of continental motion would be the formation of mountains, and attributed the formation of the Himalayas to the collision between the Indian subcontinent with Asia. Wegener said that of all those theories, Taylor's, although not fully developed, had the most similarities to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "75444", "score": "0.9342663", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ice age", "text": "process is very slow—at a rate of about 1 cm/year near the center of rebound area today. During glaciation, water was taken from the oceans to form the ice at high latitudes, thus global sea level dropped by about 110 meters, exposing the continental shelves and forming land-bridges between land-masses for animals to migrate. During deglaciation, the melted ice-water returned to the oceans, causing sea level to rise. This process can cause sudden shifts in coastlines and hydration systems resulting in newly submerged lands, emerging lands, collapsed ice dams resulting in salination of lakes, new ice dams creating vast areas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "203648", "score": "0.9306736", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Continental drift", "text": "polarity and the adjoining stripes reversed polarity. The best explanation was the \"conveyor belt\" or Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis. New magma from deep within the Earth rises easily through these weak zones and eventually erupts along the crest of the ridges to create new oceanic crust. The new crust is magnetized by the earth's magnetic field, which undergoes occasional reversals. Formation of new crust then displaces the magnetized crust apart, akin to a conveyor belt — hence the name. Without workable alternatives to explain the stripes, geophysicists were forced to conclude that Holmes had been right: ocean rifts were sites of perpetual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "75457", "score": "0.92879593", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Land", "text": "time scales lasting hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have formed and broken apart three times. Roughly (million years ago), one of the earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–, then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart . \"Land mass\" refers to the total surface area of the land of a geographical region or country (which may include discontinuous pieces of land such as islands). It is written as two words to distinguish it from the usage \"landmass\", the contiguous area of land surrounded by ocean. Earth's total land mass", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17458194", "score": "0.9252794", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Geological history of Earth", "text": "starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age. Throughout the early Paleozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents. Toward the end of the era the continents gathered together into a supercontinent called Pangaea, which included most of the Earth's land area. The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10358321", "score": "0.9244666", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Front Range", "text": "earth was producing massive amounts of molten rock that would one day amalgamate, drift together and combine, to ultimately form the continents we live on today. In the Colorado region, this molten rock spewed and cooled, forming what we now know as the Precambrian Pikes Peak Granite. Over the next 500 million years, little is known about changes in the sedimentation (sediment deposition) after the granite was produced. However, at about 500 – 300 million years ago, the region began to sink and sediments began to deposit in the newly formed accommodation space. Eroded granite produced sand particles that began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2631396", "score": "0.92407703", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Flood geology", "text": "geological forces it states that the shaping of the Earth has occurred by means of mostly slow-acting forces that can be seen in operation today. By applying these principles, geologists have determined that the Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old. They study the lithosphere of the Earth to gain information on the history of the planet. Geologists divide Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, epochs, and faunal stages characterized by well-defined breaks in the fossil record (see Geologic time scale). In general, there is a lack of any evidence for any of the above effects proposed by flood geologists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2847221", "score": "0.9237969", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Geological history of Earth", "text": "drift toward their present positions, moving from positions possibly as far as from their present locations to positions only 70 km from their current locations. South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic cooling cycle began, with cold Arctic and Antarctic waters dropping temperatures in the now-isolated Atlantic Ocean. Africa's collision with Europe formed the Mediterranean Sea, cutting off the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10358350", "score": "0.9237343", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Future of Earth", "text": "flux, whereby the oceanic crust moves under a continent. In the introversion model, the younger, interior, Atlantic ocean becomes preferentially subducted and the current migration of North and South America is reversed. In the extroversion model, the older, exterior, Pacific ocean remains preferentially subducted and North and South America migrate toward eastern Asia. As the understanding of geodynamics improves, these models will be subject to revision. In 2008, for example, a computer simulation was used to predict that a reorganization of the mantle convection will occur over the next 100 million years, causing a supercontinent composed of Africa, Eurasia, Australia,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13750927", "score": "0.9226912", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Paleocontinent", "text": "those that were once the same now have evolved to their new climate. The constant movement of these landmasses greatly determines the distribution of organisms on the Earth's surface. This is evident with how similar fossils are found on completely separate continents. Also, as continents move, mountain building events (orogenies) occur, causing a shift in the global climate as new rock is exposed and then there is more exposed rock at higher elevations. This causes glacial ice expansion and an overall cooler global climate. Which effects the overall global climate trend of the Earth. The movement of the continents greatly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14162946", "score": "0.9204967", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Continental drift", "text": "course of known geological time the continents and great oceans had, again and again, changed places with each other.\" He quotes Charles Lyell as saying, \"Continents, therefore, although permanent for whole geological epochs, shift their positions entirely in the course of ages.\" and claims that the first to throw doubt on this was James Dwight Dana in 1849. In his \"Manual of Geology\" (1863), Dana wrote, \"The continents and oceans had their general outline or form defined in earliest time. This has been proved with respect to North America from the position and distribution of the first beds of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "75439", "score": "0.91823477", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Plate tectonics", "text": "Columbia or Nuna formed during a period of and broke up about . The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around . The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents). The Himalayas, the world's tallest mountain range, are assumed to have been formed by the collision of two major plates. Before uplift, they were covered by the Tethys", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "336044", "score": "0.91579056", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Geological history of Earth", "text": "as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated. The Ordovician came to a close in a series of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10358323", "score": "0.9155264", "original_retrieval_index": 44 } ]

{ "title": "Continental drift", "long_answer": "Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to \"drift\" across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.", "chunked_long_answer": "Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to \"drift\" across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, but his theory was rejected by some for lack of a mechanism (though this was supplied later by Arthur Holmes). The idea of continental drift has been subsumed by the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the continents move.", "short_answers": [ "Continental drift" ] }

[ "Spacewar!", "Steve Russell", "Wayne Wiitanen", "Martin Graetz" ]

[ { "title": "Spacewar!", "text": "Spacewar! is a space combat video game developed in 1962 by Steve Russell, in collaboration with Martin Graetz and Wayne Wiitanen, and programmed by Russell with assistance from others including Bob Saunders and Steve Piner. It was written for the newly installed DEC PDP-1 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After its initial creation, Spacewar was expanded further by other students and employees of universities in the area, including Dan Edwards and Peter Samson. It was also spread to many of the few dozen, primarily academic, installations of the PDP-1 computer, making Spacewar the first known video game to be", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Early history of video games", "text": "the device was invented, the earliest known written computer game was developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne in 1948, a chess simulation called Turochamp, though it was never actually implemented on a computer as the code was too complicated to run on the machines of the time. Turing tested the code in a game in 1952 where he mimicked the operation of the code in a real chess game against an opponent, but was never able to run the program on a computer. The earliest known publicly demonstrated electronic game was created in 1950. \"Bertie the Brain\" was an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12624254", "score": "0.9704714", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Bertie the Brain", "text": "developed for research computers such as Alan Turing and Dietrich Prinz's chess program for the Ferranti Mark 1 at the University of Manchester, \"Bertie\" was the first computer-based game to feature a visual display of any sort. \"Bertie\" is considered under some definitions in contention for the title of the first video game. While definitions vary, the prior cathode-ray tube amusement device was a purely analog electrical game, and while \"Bertie\" did not feature an electronic screen it did run on a computer. Another special-purpose computer-based game, \"Nimrod\", was built in 1951, while the software-based tic-tac-toe game \"OXO\" and a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18406284", "score": "0.95210606", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Bertie the Brain", "text": "draughts program by Christopher Strachey were in 1952 the first computer games to display visuals on an electronic screen rather than light bulbs. Bertie the Brain Bertie the Brain was an early computer game, and one of the first games developed in the early history of video games. It was built in Toronto by Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. The four meter tall computer allowed exhibition attendees to play a game of tic-tac-toe against an artificial intelligence. The player entered a move on a lit keypad in the form of a three-by-three grid, and the game played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18406285", "score": "0.9511092", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Nigel Roberts", "text": "Nigel Roberts Nigel Roberts FBCS FRSA is a British computer scientist. Educated at Wigan and Prescot Grammar Schools, his first degree is in Computer Science from Essex University. Whilst at Essex, he was one of the group of students who conceived and developed the world's first multi-user computer game (MUD). In 2008 he was awarded a First in Law from the OU and the College of Law (now known as the University of Law). His first job was with Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) as a software engineer, where (among other projects) he subsequently worked on the pioneering ALL-IN-1 email and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18555185", "score": "0.9375266", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Bertie the Brain", "text": "Bertie the Brain Bertie the Brain was an early computer game, and one of the first games developed in the early history of video games. It was built in Toronto by Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. The four meter tall computer allowed exhibition attendees to play a game of tic-tac-toe against an artificial intelligence. The player entered a move on a lit keypad in the form of a three-by-three grid, and the game played out on a grid of lights overhead. The machine had an adjustable difficulty level. After two weeks on display by Rogers Majestic, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18406275", "score": "0.9324927", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Raymond Redheffer", "text": "Raymond Redheffer Raymond Moos Redheffer (April 17, 1921 – May 13, 2005) was an American mathematician. Some say that he was the creator of one of the first electronic games known, the knowledge game called Nim. He earned his PhD in 1948 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the supervision of Norman Levinson, and taught as a Peirce Fellow at Harvard from 1948 to 1950 where his teaching skills were gratefully remembered 6 decades later by one of his students. He taught for 55 years at the University of California, Los Angeles. writing more than 200 research papers and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13184617", "score": "0.91897404", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "John Burgeson", "text": "twelve grandchildren, and three great grandchildren. John Burgeson John Burgeson (19 August 1931 – 12 September 2016) is a former IBM engineer who created the first computer baseball simulation game in 1961 on an IBM 1620 Computer in Akron, Ohio. A baseball fan and long-time member of SABR, Burgeson initially wrote the program on his own time for enjoyment, He shared the program with the company, and they included it as part of the software that shipped with the 1620, for which it was the only game. The game was run by placing a deck of punch cards into a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16901827", "score": "0.918815", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of video games", "text": "in the industry. For the same reason, it is impossible to be certain who developed the first computer game or who originally modeled many of the games or play mechanics introduced during the decade, as there are likely several games from this period that were never publicized and are thus unknown today. The earliest known chess computer program was developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne called \"Turochamp\", which was completed in 1950 but not actually implemented by them on a computer. The earliest known idea for a fully electronic game is a \"Cathode-Ray Tube Amusement Device\" in US patent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "443386", "score": "0.91664904", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Early history of video games", "text": "computer or memory device or execute a program. It was patented by Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. and Estle Ray Mann in 1947. While the idea behind the game was potentially to use a television set as the display and thus sell the invention to consumers, as Goldsmith and Mann worked at television designer DuMont Laboratories, the patent, the first for an electronic game, was never used and the device never manufactured beyond the original handmade prototypes. This, along with the lack of electronic logic circuits, keeps the device from being considered the first video game. Around the same time as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12624253", "score": "0.9141386", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "John Burgeson", "text": "John Burgeson John Burgeson (19 August 1931 – 12 September 2016) is a former IBM engineer who created the first computer baseball simulation game in 1961 on an IBM 1620 Computer in Akron, Ohio. A baseball fan and long-time member of SABR, Burgeson initially wrote the program on his own time for enjoyment, He shared the program with the company, and they included it as part of the software that shipped with the 1620, for which it was the only game. The game was run by placing a deck of punch cards into a card reader, which in turn read", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16901825", "score": "0.9113567", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Allan Alcorn", "text": "Allan Alcorn Allan Alcorn (born January 1, 1948 in San Francisco) is an American pioneering engineer and computer scientist best known for creating \"Pong\", one of the first video games. Alcorn grew up in San Francisco, California, and attended the University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences in 1971. He worked for the pioneering video company Ampex, where he met Ted Dabney and several other people that would end up being constants through the Atari, Inc., Apple, Cyan Engineering and Pizza Time Theater (now known as Chuck E. Cheese's) companies.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4721013", "score": "0.910836", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Early history of video games", "text": "rather than a machine specifically made for the game like \"Bertie\". Strachey's program inspired Arthur Samuel to develop his own checkers game in 1952 for the IBM 701; successive iterations developed rudimentary artificial intelligence by 1955 and a version was shown on television in 1956. Also in 1951, Dietrich Prinz wrote the first limited program of chess for the University of Manchester's general-purpose Ferranti Mark 1 computer, one of the first commercially available computers. The program was only capable of computing \"mate-in-two\" problems as it was not powerful enough to play a full game, and it had no video output.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12624259", "score": "0.9093571", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Michael H. Albert", "text": "Mellon University. Albert has been at the University of Otago since 1998. Together with J.P. Grossman and Richard Nowakowski, Albert invented the game Clobber. Albert has also contributed to the Combinatorial Game Suite game analysis software, and is a coauthor of \"Lessons in Play: An Introduction to Combinatorial Game Theory\". Another significant topic of his research has been permutation patterns. Albert is a keen bridge player, and has won tournaments internationally. Michael H. Albert Michael Henry Albert (born September 20, 1962) is a mathematician and computer scientist, originally from Canada, and currently a professor and the head of the computer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10315250", "score": "0.9092456", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sandy Douglas", "text": "Sandy Douglas Alexander Shafto \"Sandy\" Douglas CBE (21 May 1921 – 29 April 2010) was a British professor of computer science, credited with creating the first graphical computer game OXO (also known as \"Noughts and Crosses\") a tic-tac-toe computer game in 1952 on the EDSAC computer at University of Cambridge. Douglas was born on 21 May 1921 in London. At age eight, his family moved to Cromwell Road, near what would become the London Air Terminal. A 74 bus ride for one old penny took me to Exhibition Road, from which I could go towards South Kensington station to my", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6378488", "score": "0.9059094", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "John Horton Conway", "text": "John Horton Conway John Horton Conway FRS (born 26 December 1937) is an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He has also contributed to many branches of recreational mathematics, notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life. Conway is currently Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Princeton University in New Jersey. Conway was born in Liverpool, the son of Cyril Horton Conway and Agnes Boyce. He became interested in mathematics at a very early age; his mother has recalled that he could recite the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "210949", "score": "0.905579", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Josef Kates", "text": "the next four years in the development and manufacturing of radar and radio tubes. He then began work in 1948 at the University of Toronto Computation Centre, where he participated in the design and building of UTEC, the first pilot model of a computer built in Canada. Kates also built the first digital game playing machine, the 13-foot tall Bertie the Brain, which was exhibited at the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. The game was a version of Tic Tac Toe, with adjustable difficulty levels. The game machine controlled the lighting of an overhead display to show the progress of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6225949", "score": "0.8969589", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Marienbad (video game)", "text": "by Department of Mathematical Apparatus programmer Bogdan Miś in 1960 for the computer, using a chess-sized grid. Michał Nowicki of Gram.pl asserted that Kluska's research, in contrast with the previous and more imprecise Polish video gaming text \"Dawno temu w grach (Once upon a time in games)\", allows Marienbad's claim as the first Polish computer or video game to be made with almost 100% certainty. An article by retailer Empik further asserts that \"Marienbad\"s simplicity and lack of video output means that the term \"computer game\" is a somewhat exaggerated term to describe it, much less \"video game\". Garda's paper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20630429", "score": "0.8964802", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Culture of the United Kingdom", "text": "battleship the \"Bismarck\" in May 1941. In 1952, \"OXO\" (or \"Noughts and Crosses\"), created by computer scientist Alexander S. Douglas, is regarded as a contender for the first video game. In \"OXO\", the computer player could play perfect games of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent. In the 1960s, John Shepherd-Barron invented the cash machine (ATM) and James Goodfellow invented Personal identification number (PIN) technology, and on 27 June 1967, the first cash machine was established outside a branch of Barclays Bank in Enfield, north London. Dolly the sheep, the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell (by scientists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1951264", "score": "0.8954518", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of video games", "text": "#2,455,992. The earliest known electronic computer games actually implemented were two custom built machines called \"Bertie the Brain\" and Nimrod, which played tic-tac-toe and the game of Nim, respectively. \"Bertie the Brain\", designed and built by Josef Kates at Rogers Majestic, was displayed at the Canadian National Exhibition in 1950, while Nimrod, conceived by John Bennett at Ferranti and built by Raymond Stuart-Williams, was displayed at the Festival of Britain and the Berlin Industrial Show in 1951. Neither game incorporated a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. Before these, automated games like the simple chess simulator El Ajedrecista (1914) and Nimrod's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "443387", "score": "0.89537334", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Video game industry", "text": "the New York World's Fair, \"Bertie the Brain\", an arcade game of tic-tac-toe, built by Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition, and Nimrod created by engineering firm Ferranti for the 1951 Festival of Britain, The development of cathode ray tube—the core technology behind televisions—created several of the first true video games. In 1947 Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann filed a patent for a \"cathode ray tube amusement device\". Their game, which uses a cathode ray tube hooked to an oscilloscope display, challenges players to fire a gun at target. Between the 1950s and 1960s, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2314386", "score": "0.8913505", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ralph H. Baer", "text": "2014, according to family and friends close to him. Baer is considered to have been the inventor of video games, specifically of the concept of the home video game console. In 1966, while an employee at Sanders Associates, Baer started to explore the possibility of playing games on television screens. He first got the idea while working at Loral in 1951, another electronics company, however, they wanted nothing to do with it at the time. In a 2007 interview, Baer said that he recognized that the price reduction of owning a television set at the time had opened a large", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2005402", "score": "0.88690317", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Antony Crowther", "text": "Antony Crowther Antony Crowther is a former designer, programmer, and musician of Commodore 64 games. During the 1980s he worked for Alligata, Gremlin Graphics and later his own company, Wizard Development. The first computer game he created was a version of the board game \"Mastermind\", which was written for the PET 4032. Following the acquisition of a VIC-20 Crowther began to learn machine code and wrote several games which he showed to software house Superior Systems. The company gave him a Commodore 64 on loan which he utilised to produce his first commercial title, \"Lunar Lander\". He gained high status", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8588799", "score": "0.8863819", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Simon (game)", "text": "taught computer science at Temple University and also wrote one of the first books on the theory of computer programming. \"Simon\" was launched in 1978 at Studio 54 in New York City and was an immediate success, becoming a pop culture symbol of the 1970s and 1980s. Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison were first introduced to Atari's game \"Touch Me\" at the Music Operators of America (MOA) trade show in 1976. Baer said of the product, \"Nice gameplay. Terrible execution. Visually boring. Miserable, rasping sounds.\" The original prototype, built by Baer, included the Texas Instruments TMS 1000 microcontroller", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2966651", "score": "0.8859421", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Nolan Bushnell", "text": "In 2012 he founded an educational software company called Brainrush, that is using video game technology in educational software. Nolan is credited with Bushnell's Law, an aphorism about games \"easy to learn and difficult to master\" being rewarding. Bushnell enrolled at Utah State University in 1961 to study engineering and then later business. In 1964, he transferred to the University of Utah College of Engineering, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He was one of many computer science students of the 1960s who played the historic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "833403", "score": "0.8836359", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Georgy Adelson-Velsky", "text": "Along with Evgenii Landis, he invented the AVL tree in 1962. This was the first known balanced binary search tree data structure. Beginning in 1963, Adelson-Velsky headed the development of a computer chess program at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow. His innovations included the first use of bitboards (a now-common method for representing game positions) in computer chess. The program defeated Kotok-McCarthy in the first chess match between computer programs, also in 1966, and it evolved into Kaissa, the first world computer chess champion. In August 1992, Adelson-Velsky moved to Israel, and he resided in Ashdod.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4366465", "score": "0.8835778", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pier Giorgio Perotto", "text": "machine, the Programma 101, the world’s very first personal computer. The 12222 Perotto, a main belt asteroid, discovered in 1982 at the Osservatorio San Vittore in Bologna, is named after him. The innovative computer, also known as Perottina, named after its inventor, was the first computer in history purposely designed to be on a desktop. It made possible to use a computer at home, office and places previously not reached by huge mainframes of the time. Programma 101 was officially launched at the 1964 New York World's Fair, attracting major interest from the public and the press. Volume production started", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17867434", "score": "0.87992394", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ralph H. Baer", "text": "Ralph H. Baer Ralph Henry Baer (born Rudolf Heinrich Baer; March 8, 1922 – December 6, 2014) was a German-born American inventor, game developer, and engineer. Baer's family had fled Germany just before World War II and Baer served the American war effort, following which he gained an interest in electronics. Through several jobs in the electronics industry, he was working as an engineer at Sanders Associates, later acquired by BAE Systems, when he conceived of the idea of playing games on a television screen around 1966. With support of his employers, he worked through several prototypes until he arrived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2005395", "score": "0.8778093", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Vladimir Arlazarov", "text": "program, despite playing on slower hardware. By 1971, Mikhail Donskoy joined with Arlazarov and Uskov to program its successor on an ICL System 4/70 at the Institute of Control Sciences, called Kaissa, which became the first World Computer Chess Champion in 1974 in Stockholm. Arlazarov is one of the inventors of the Method of Four Russians. Vladimir Arlazarov Vladimir L’vovich Arlazarov () is a Russian computer scientist born in Moscow. In 1965 at Alexander Kronrod’s laboratory at the Moscow Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Vladimir Arlazarov co-developed the ITEP Chess Program, together with Georgy Adelson-Velsky, Anatoly Uskov and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15618090", "score": "0.8777449", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Nimrod (computing)", "text": "video games, as it was one of the first computer games to have any sort of visual display of the game. It appeared only four years after the 1947 invention of the cathode-ray tube amusement device, the earliest known interactive electronic game to use an electronic display, and one year after \"Bertie the Brain\", a computer similar to the Nimrod which played tic-tac-toe at the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. The Nimrod's use of light bulbs rather than a screen with real-time visual graphics, however, much less moving graphics, does not meet some definitions of a video game. In the summer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8209246", "score": "0.8758128", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Spacewar!", "long_answer": "Spacewar! is a space combat video game developed in 1962 by Steve Russell, in collaboration with Martin Graetz and Wayne Wiitanen, and programmed by Russell with assistance from others including Bob Saunders and Steve Piner. It was written for the newly installed DEC PDP-1 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After its initial creation, Spacewar was expanded further by other students and employees of universities in the area, including Dan Edwards and Peter Samson. It was also spread to many of the few dozen, primarily academic, installations of the PDP-1 computer, making Spacewar the first known video game to be played at multiple computer installations.", "chunked_long_answer": "Spacewar! is a space combat video game developed in 1962 by Steve Russell, in collaboration with Martin Graetz and Wayne Wiitanen, and programmed by Russell with assistance from others including Bob Saunders and Steve Piner. It was written for the newly installed DEC PDP-1 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After its initial creation, Spacewar was expanded further by other students and employees of universities in the area, including Dan Edwards and Peter Samson. It was also spread to many of the few dozen, primarily academic, installations of the PDP-1 computer, making Spacewar the first known video game to be", "short_answers": [ "Martin Graetz", "Spacewar!", "Steve Russell", "Wayne Wiitanen" ] }

[ "Jermaine Jackson", "Rockwell" ]

[ { "title": "Somebody's Watching Me", "text": "\"Somebody's Watching Me\" is a song by American singer Rockwell from his debut studio album Somebody's Watching Me (1984). It was released as Rockwell's debut single and lead single from the album on January 14, 1984, by Motown. It features former Jackson 5 members Michael Jackson (vocals in the chorus) and Jermaine Jackson (additional backing vocals).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Somebody's Watching Me (album)", "text": "track, \"Somebody's Watching Me\" and believed it was a song worthy of recording. When Motown staff producer Curtis Anthony Nolen took an interest in the song, he was hired as the producer on the project. While working on the song in the studio, Kennedy got the idea to get Michael Jackson to sing on the track. Without indicating his plans, Kennedy picked Jackson up and drove him into the studio. Once Jackson was in the studio, Kennedy asked him to record the chorus with him. Jackson agreed. Once the track was mixed, Singleton couldn't wait to play it for Berry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13343658", "score": "1.4278761", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song) \"Who Is It\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on August 31, 1992, as the fifth single from Jackson's eighth studio album, \"Dangerous\" (1991). The song was written and composed by Jackson, and produced by Jackson and Bill Bottrell. The song's lyrics pertain to despair over being left by someone you love; some critics noted a comparison to the lyrics of the song to Jackson's single, \"Billie Jean\", from the album \"Thriller\". As part of the promotion for the song, two music videos were released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576552", "score": "1.1432664", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Someone's Watching Over Me", "text": "climax in front of the students, staff and parents. Musically, \"Someone's Watching Over Me\" is a moderately paced pop song, moving at a tempo of 78 beats per minute. Written in the key of C# Minor, the song has the sequence of C#m—F#m—B—B/A—Abm—Ab/C as its chord progression. Lyrically, the song speaks about \"holding on no matter what happens in life, believing that someone's watching over\". According to Paul Broucek, executive vice president of music for New Line Cinema, in November 2004, \"Someone's Watching Over Me\" was one of the studio's possible contenders for an Academy Award nomination for Best Original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6023500", "score": "1.1093233", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "the fifth single from \"Dangerous\" on August 31, 1992, by Jackson's record label, Epic Records. The lyrics of the song tell of a man who is left in despair when his lover suddenly leaves him. He learns that she was unfaithful to him and wants to know with whom she cheated. Several music critics compared \"Who Is It\" to Jackson's 1983 single \"Billie Jean\". Jon Pareles, a writer for \"The New York Times\", described \"Who Is It\" as an \"imitation\" of \"Billie Jean\". Chris Willman of the \"Los Angeles Times\" claimed that the track \"recaptures some of the slinky, insinuating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576554", "score": "1.1082826", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Somebody's Watching Me", "text": "Due in part to the popularity of the music video, the song is sometimes used for Halloween celebrations, with cover versions found in various collections of Halloween music. DJ BoBo based his 1992 single \"Somebody Dance with Me\" on \"Somebody's Watching Me\" with new lyrics and rap. The DJ BoBo single reached No. 1 in Sweden and Switzerland, and the Top 5 in Austria, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Norway. In 2012, a remix of the hit was made by Remady titled \"Somebody Dance With Me (Remady 2013 Mix)\" by DJ BoBo featuring Manu-L. Released early in 2013, it charted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4648999", "score": "1.0991392", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "death in June 2009, his music experienced a surge in popularity. \"Who Is It\" re-entered the Switzerland music charts for the first time in over 17 years, hitting number 49 on July 12, 2009. Directed by David Fincher, the music video for \"Who Is It\" was released in 1993. It begins with Jackson in what seems to be a hotel, singing about his girlfriend. He is distressed because he found a silver card in with the name \"Alex\" on it. It implies that his girlfriend is cheating on him with someone else. As the story in the video unfolds, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576558", "score": "1.0951456", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Scream (Michael Jackson album)", "text": "said songs, but he praised the inclusion of lesser-known tracks (including \"Somebody's Watching Me\"). It debuted at number 28 in France, selling 3,300 units. In the United States, it debuted with 14,000 units, including 11,000 from pure album sales, in its first week of release, charting at number 33 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Scream (Michael Jackson album) Scream is a compilation album by American singer Michael Jackson, released on September 29, 2017. The album compiles songs around a Halloween theme. A 17-second teaser was released on Michael Jackson's official Facebook page and YouTube Vevo page on September 6, 2017, just", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20330830", "score": "1.0931555", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Who's Lovin' You", "text": "Who's Lovin' You \"Who's Lovin' You\" is a Motown soul song, written in 1960 by William \"Smokey\" Robinson. The song has been recorded by many different artists including The Miracles, who recorded the 1960 original version, The Temptations, The Supremes, Terence Trent D'arby, Brenda and The Tabulations, John Farnham, Human Nature, En Vogue, Michael Bublé and Giorgia Todrani and Jessica Mauboy. The most famous version is attributed to The Jackson 5. Twelve-year-old singer Shaheen Jafargholi performed the song at Michael Jackson's public memorial service in July 2009. The song was written by Smokey Robinson for his group The Miracles, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4785343", "score": "1.091306", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "to her callgirl existence again. Her employer slaps her in the face and she is then seen being prepared for a new identity. This version did not initially air in the USA but was included on the video albums: \"\" and \"Michael Jackson's Vision\". Another version of the video features footage from past music videos and live performances. This is the version that first aired in the USA. Who Is It (Michael Jackson song) \"Who Is It\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on August 31, 1992, as the fifth single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576561", "score": "1.0869288", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Whatzupwitu", "text": "over a blue sky, before Jackson appears and begins to sing along with him. The music video also features the Harlem Boys Choir singing and dancing around them. Video with making of this clip leaked on YouTube. Whatzupwitu \"Whatzupwitu\" (pronounced \"what's up with you\") is a 1993 R&B song by Eddie Murphy, featuring Michael Jackson. It is included as the sixth track on Murphy's third studio album \"Love's Alright\". Jackson decided to participate in the song and video since he thought the lyrics had a positive message. Allmusic editor Steven McDonald wrote that despite being a featured artist, Jackson \"steals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13622068", "score": "1.0847964", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "song debuted on the United Kingdom music chart at number 12 on July 25, 1992, and the following week reached its peak position, number 10. It remained within the top 100 positions for seven consecutive weeks from July to September 1992. In France, the track peaked at number eight on August 29. \"Who Is It\" reached its lowest peak position at number 34 in Australia. In Austria, the track debuted at its peak position, number five; the song remained within the top 30 chart positions from August to October. \"Who Is It\" debuted in Switzerland on August 2, at number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576556", "score": "1.0786319", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Michael Jackson's This Is It", "text": "sings with Judith Hill, one of his backup singers, on his duet song \"I Just Can't Stop Loving You\" in which he sings at full strength, directing his partner as he goes. The filming for the \"Thriller\" vignette is then shown with Jackson and Ortega watching with 3D glasses. Jackson is then seen rehearsing \"Thriller\" with the vignette intertwined like that in \"Smooth Criminal.\" Footage of the show's aerialists rehearsing to the instrumental of \"Who Is It\" is shown next. During the dance sequence, puppets are suspended in the audience aisles while Jackson emerges from a robotic spider originally seen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13657276", "score": "1.0776862", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Someone's Watching Over Me", "text": "Someone's Watching Over Me \"Someone's Watching Over Me\" is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for her self-titled third studio album (2004). It was released by Hollywood Records as the second single. The song was written by Kara DioGuardi and John Shanks, who also produced the song. The song was written by DioGuardi and Shanks for the film \"Raise Your Voice\", in which Duff stars. In the movie, which is set at a performing arts summer school, Duff's character, Terri, writes the song with her fellow student Jay, played by Oliver James, and performs it at the film's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6023499", "score": "1.0634236", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Someone's Watching Over Me", "text": "Broadband in mid January 2005. Someone's Watching Over Me \"Someone's Watching Over Me\" is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for her self-titled third studio album (2004). It was released by Hollywood Records as the second single. The song was written by Kara DioGuardi and John Shanks, who also produced the song. The song was written by DioGuardi and Shanks for the film \"Raise Your Voice\", in which Duff stars. In the movie, which is set at a performing arts summer school, Duff's character, Terri, writes the song with her fellow student Jay, played by Oliver James, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6023503", "score": "1.0547352", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "With U", "text": "like Michael on the verses and then gets her voice obviously treated for the choruses, dipping into the feminine whirl that she's so famous for.\" Glenn Gamboa, writer for \"Newsday\", expressed a positive reaction, calling it \"a nice quiet-storm ballad.\" Adversely, Angus Batey of Yahoo! Music wrote that Jackson \"sounds disturbingly like her most famous sibling\" and \"seems oblivious\" on the track. \"With U\" debuted at number seventy-four on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart the week ending December 30, 2006, peaking at number sixty-five. With U \"With U\" is a song recorded by American singer Janet Jackson for her ninth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9229764", "score": "1.0537088", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Another Part of Me", "text": "Another Part of Me \"Another Part of Me\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. Produced by Quincy Jones (and co-produced by Jackson), it was released as the sixth single on July 11, 1988 for the singer's seventh studio album, \"Bad\" (1987). The song was originally featured in Jackson's 1986 3D film \"Captain EO\". It is the sixth song on the album. The song also appeared as a dance attack and level song for the later revisions of \"Michael Jackson's Moonwalker\" video game (originally the first revision used excerpts of Thriller). As with earlier songs in his career", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5842346", "score": "1.0519313", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Michael Davidson (singer)", "text": "Michael Davidson (singer) Michael Davidson (born 1963 as Michael Jay Davidson in New Jersey) is a singer and songwriter. Michael Davidson contributed to the Madonna movie Who's That Girl with the track \"Turn it up\" in (1987) (produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and Phil Harding) for Sire Records, which became a huge dance hit in the worldwide charts. Unlike the movie, the soundtrack to Who's That Girl became a big international success spending many weeks in the Top Ten Album Chart in the United States, Europe and Asia. Released on July 21, 1987 the album sold almost 5 million copies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12535219", "score": "1.0504104", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Damita Jo (album)", "text": "was reported for Michael's forthcoming studio album shortly after the album's release, produced by Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins. Jackson was approached to record a cover of \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\" with English boy band Blue, but could not proceed due to scheduling conflicts. A re-release intended to include six new tracks was reportedly planned. During a radio interview, entertainment producer Jonathan Murray was rumored to confirm additional details, saying a collaboration with Usher was initially planned after Jackson had met with him in London. Murray was also rumored to reveal some of the new tracks would be produced by Jermaine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4509870", "score": "1.0430464", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Michael J. Parlett", "text": "You\", featuring many UK session musicians and singers including Incognito's Joy Rose, UK singer Wayne Hernandez and George Michael's keyboardist Luke Smith. In 2012 he released his second solo project with Michael Jackson's drummer Ricky Lawson, Smooth Jazz superstar Chris Standring and many other prominent session musicians. The album is called 'Keep it Moving' The album was recorded at Talented Studios in Los Angeles. While residing in Los Angeles, he has mentored many college sound engineer interns, both at the community college and university levels. Relocating to the US in 2006, by the following year Michael performed alongside Peabo Bryson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13137803", "score": "1.038081", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "This Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "\"New York Post\", who described the song as \"an optimistic, R&B ballad with an upbeat, percolating rhythm that has all the bombast and power of the New Jack Swing period of the early '90s.\" James Montgomery, of MTV News, felt that the song was the \"perfect MJ tune\" and that Jackson \"was a hell of a singer.\" He also stated that he felt that Jackson had a \"wonderous voice,\" and the song \"a prime showcase for Jackson's prodigious pipes.\" Montgomery went on to say that when he ignored the negative elements surrounding the song and focused, that he felt it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13826867", "score": "1.0370449", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "40, and peaked at number 14 two weeks later. The song debuted at number 94 in the Netherlands, and the following week moved up 60 positions, eventually peaking at number 13. In Sweden, the track entered the country's music chart at its peak position, number 24 and, after four weeks, fell out of the top 50. In Norway, the track debuted at its peak position, number 10 on the 30th week of 1992; the song charted at its peak position for two weeks before falling off the chart. The song also peaked at number 16 in New Zealand. After Jackson's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576557", "score": "1.0305288", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Paul Laurence", "text": "go on to co-write with Ondrea Dawkins-Duverney the enchanting ballad \"I'm Not Gonna Let You Go.\" Jackson was one of Moore's background singers. He also sang on demos of Laurence's songs. In 1985, Jackson had signed as a Hush artist and began recording his debut album. Laurence wrote a swaying ballad, \"Rock Me Tonight (For Old Times Sake),\" especially for Jackson and played keyboards and programmed drums on the track. Also on the date was bassist Timmy Allen, guitarist Mike \"Dino\" Campbell, and background vocalist Reggie King. Huggins got Jackson a record deal with Capitol Records, the same label Melba", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17431411", "score": "1.0298511", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Love Songs (Michael Jackson album)", "text": "mix of Michael's \"Call on Me\". Love Songs (Michael Jackson album) Love Songs is a compilation album by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released on January 15, 2002 by Motown Records as a part of \"Motown's Love Songs\" line. The album contains 14 love songs and ballads Michael Jackson recorded, either by himself or with The Jackson 5, during his Motown tenure. In this case there are many hits from Michael, such as \"Got to Be There\", and The Jackson 5 hits, such as \"Who's Lovin' You\". It also includes an unreleased version of The Jackson 5 hit,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15860791", "score": "1.0293709", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Somebody (Aerosmith song)", "text": "Somebody (Aerosmith song) \"Somebody\" is the B-side to Aerosmith's first single, \"Dream On\", from their 1973 debut album, \"Aerosmith\". Written by lead singer Steven Tyler and his friend Steven Emspak and released in June 1973, its A-side peaked at number 59 nationally but hit big in the band's native Boston, where it was the number 1 single of the year on the less commercial top 40 station, WBZ-FM, number 5 for the year on highly rated Top 40 WRKO-AM, and number 16 on heritage Top 40 WMEX-AM. \"Somebody\" is driven by a basic blues guitar riff and Tyler's lyrics tell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16736664", "score": "1.0260024", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Call on Me (Janet Jackson song)", "text": "Call on Me (Janet Jackson song) \"Call on Me\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson with guest vocals from American rapper Nelly from Jackson's ninth studio album, \"20 Y.O.\" (2006). It was written by Jermaine Dupri, Johnta Austin, James Phillips, Cornell Haynes Jr., James Harris III and Terry Lewis, and produced by Dupri, Phillips, Jam and Lewis, in addition to Jackson. \"Call on Me\" was released as the album's lead single in June 19, 2006, by Virgin Records. The song is a mid-tempo ballad which talks about calling on a person when a friend or somebody to listen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7717940", "score": "1.0259805", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Brian K. Jackson", "text": "first notable signing was writer/producer, Fitzgerald Scott who soon after penned multiple songs for Keith Sweat, including the single, \"Nobody\". He was promoted to Creative Director in 1995. In that same year, Jackson crossed paths with producer Rodney Jerkins, made him an offer, and signed him to his first major publishing deal. Jackson watched the performance of a young 16-year-old singer named Alicia Cook (aka Lellow) at B. Smith's restaurant in Manhattan. Upon completing her performance, Jackson approached her and the following day he contacted her manager, Jeff Robinson, to discuss signing her to EMI as a writer. Several days", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15224359", "score": "1.0221878", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "feel of 'Billie Jean.'\" Jonathan Bernstein, a writer for \"Spin\", wrote that \"Who Is It\" was \"close skin to \"Billie Jean\". Alan Light of \"Rolling Stone\" noted that unlike his previous efforts, it is about betrayal. \"Who Is It\" was commercially successful worldwide, generally peaking within the top 30 positions on national music charts. The song peaked at number 14 on the United States' \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, while peaking at number six on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, as well as topping the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play. Internationally, \"Who Is It\" reached the top 20 in several countries. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576555", "score": "1.0212606", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)", "text": "in 1992. The song was not performed by Jackson on any of his world concert tours. He did, however, perform a small segment of the song in his interview with Oprah Winfrey in early 1993. An instrumental portion of the song was supposed to be used during the \"This Is It\" comeback concerts in London, which were canceled due to Jackson's death. \"Who Is It\" was recorded by Michael Jackson in 1990 for his eighth studio album, \"Dangerous\", which was released the following year. Jackson wrote and composed the track, and produced it with Bill Bottrell. It was released as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5576553", "score": "1.0204498", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Who's Lovin' You", "text": "b-side to The Jackson 5's first single, \"I Want You Back\", which went to #1 on both the pop and R&B charts. A shortened version was included on the first Jackson 5 LP, \"Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5\". The original single version was twenty seconds longer, with fewer backing vocals and sparser instrumentation than the album version. The mono single mix was released on Michael's \"Love Songs\" compilation release in 2002. The Jackson 5 performed this on their first Ed Sullivan Show appearance. When the group performed the song during their concerts and live performances, Michael usually gave an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4785347", "score": "1.0195978", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "Somebody's Watching Me", "long_answer": "\"Somebody's Watching Me\" is a song by American singer Rockwell from his debut studio album Somebody's Watching Me (1984). It was released as Rockwell's debut single and lead single from the album on January 14, 1984, by Motown. It features former Jackson 5 members Michael Jackson (vocals in the chorus) and Jermaine Jackson (additional backing vocals).", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Somebody's Watching Me\" is a song by American singer Rockwell from his debut studio album Somebody's Watching Me (1984). It was released as Rockwell's debut single and lead single from the album on January 14, 1984, by Motown. It features former Jackson 5 members Michael Jackson (vocals in the chorus) and Jermaine Jackson (additional backing vocals).", "short_answers": [ "Jermaine Jackson", "Rockwell" ] }

[ "Darlene Cates" ]

[ { "title": "Darlene Cates", "text": "Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film What's Eating Gilbert Grape, in which she played the title character's housebound mother.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Darlene Cates", "text": "gained an additional 149 pounds. Hedges offered her the role of a morbidly obese mother in the 1993 film \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", which she accepted. Television roles followed on the shows \"Picket Fences\" in 1994 and \"Touched by an Angel\" in 1996. She had a small role in the 2001 film \"Wolf Girl\". Producer J. Miles Dale flew a small crew and the film's stars from Romania to Texas to shoot their scenes with Cates. Her performance in \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", her first attempt at acting in any form, received critical acclaim and was lauded by her costars", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9330252", "score": "1.1847023", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Laura Harrington", "text": "Laura Harrington Laura Harrington (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress. Harrington is perhaps best known for her role as the main character's sister in the 1993 film \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\". Her character was aged around 20 though the actress herself was 35 at the time. She has also had a prominent role in the 1986 film \"Maximum Overdrive\", written and directed by horror novelist Stephen King, in which she played the love interest to Emilio Estevez's character. She had a supporting role in the 1997 film \"The Devil's Advocate\", alongside Keanu Reeves and Al Pacino. Harrington has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9546383", "score": "1.1610228", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", "text": "his mother's death, as Gilbert and his brother Arnie wait by the side of a road for Becky, who arrives with her grandmother, and picks them up. \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\" was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located. \"Film Review\" quoted actor Leonardo DiCaprio: The film had a limited release on December 17, 1993 and wide release on March 4, 1994. The wide release garnered $2,104,938 on its first weekend. Total domestic gross for the film was $10,032,765.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3140063", "score": "1.1594884", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", "text": "his sisters Amy (Laura Harrington) and Ellen (Mary Kate Schellhardt) do the rest. The relationship between the brothers is of both care and protection, as Gilbert continually enforces the \"nobody touches Arnie\" policy. A new FoodLand supermarket has opened, threatening the small Lamson's Grocery where Gilbert works. In addition, Gilbert is having an affair with a married woman, Betty Carver (Mary Steenburgen). The family is looking forward to Arnie's 18th birthday. A young woman named Becky (Juliette Lewis) and her grandmother are stuck in town when the International Harvester Travelall pulling their trailer breaks down. Gilbert's unusual life circumstances threaten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3140058", "score": "1.1201694", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Laura Harrington", "text": "also appeared in television series including \"Quantum Leap\". She co-wrote the script for the film \"The Moon and the Sun\". Laura Harrington Laura Harrington (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress. Harrington is perhaps best known for her role as the main character's sister in the 1993 film \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\". Her character was aged around 20 though the actress herself was 35 at the time. She has also had a prominent role in the 1986 film \"Maximum Overdrive\", written and directed by horror novelist Stephen King, in which she played the love interest to Emilio Estevez's character.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9546384", "score": "1.1088718", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", "text": "The film received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film was given an 89% \"Certified Fresh\" score and an average rating of 7.3/10 based on 45 reviews. The site's consensus states that the film is \"sentimental and somewhat predictable, but those are small complaints, given the tender atmosphere and moving performances at the heart of \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\".\" \"The New York Times\" film critic Janet Maslin praised DiCaprio's performance, writing \"the film's real show-stopping turn comes from Mr. DiCaprio, who makes Arnie's many tics so startling and vivid that at first he is difficult to watch… The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3140064", "score": "1.0965718", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Melissa Gilbert", "text": "Melissa Gilbert Melissa Ellen Gilbert (born May 8, 1964) is an American actress and television director. Gilbert began her career as a child actress in the late 1960s, appearing in numerous commercials and guest starring roles on television. From 1974 to 1984, she starred as Laura Ingalls Wilder, the second oldest daughter of Charles Ingalls (played by Michael Landon) on the NBC series \"Little House on the Prairie\". During the run of \"Little House\", Gilbert appeared in several popular television films, including \"The Diary of Anne Frank\" and \"The Miracle Worker\". As an adult, she continued her career mainly in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2483043", "score": "1.0457506", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Sara Gilbert", "text": "announced that she and Adler had separated amicably. Following the breakup, Gilbert began a relationship with songwriter, music producer and former 4 Non Blondes frontwoman Linda Perry. Gilbert announced their engagement in April 2013, and the pair married on March 30, 2014. Gilbert gave birth to their son, Rhodes Emilio Gilbert Perry, on February 28, 2015. Sara Gilbert Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress, best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom \"Roseanne\" (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She is also co-host and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2495539", "score": "1.044592", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Leonardo DiCaprio filmography", "text": "Leonardo DiCaprio filmography Leonardo DiCaprio is an American actor and producer who started his career performing as a child on television. He appeared on the shows \"The New Lassie\" (1989) and \"Santa Barbara\" (1990) and also had long running roles in the comedy-drama \"Parenthood\" (1990) and the sitcom \"Growing Pains\" (1991), before making his film debut in the 1991 direct-to-video release \"Critters 3\". Two years later, he played Tobias Wolff opposite Robert De Niro in \"This Boy's Life\" (1993). He followed this with a supporting role in \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\" (1993), which earned him a nomination for the Academy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16543073", "score": "1.0306151", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Gracie Gilbert", "text": "Gracie Gilbert Gracie Gilbert (born 20 October 1992) is an Australian actress, best known for her role as Tammy Lane in the Fox8 teen drama series, \"SLiDE\", as Vicki in \"Lockie Leonard\", and as Annie in \"Love Child\". Gilbert grew up in Perth, Western Australia. She attended Mercedes College and the University of Western Australia, where she began a combined Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degree, majoring in English and Women's Studies. She has since trained in acting at the 16th Street Actors Studio in Melbourne, Ali Robert Screen Studio in Perth, and with Tom McSweeney. She currently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10766356", "score": "1.028979", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Melissa Gilbert", "text": "television films. Gilbert has also continued with guest starring roles on television and has done voice work for animation such as \"\" as Barbara Gordon / Batgirl. From 2009 to 2010, Gilbert appeared as Caroline \"Ma\" Ingalls in the touring production of \"Little House on the Prairie, the Musical\". In 2012, she was a contestant on season fourteen of the popular reality dance competition show \"Dancing with the Stars\" on ABC. Gilbert served as the President of the Screen Actors Guild from 2001 to 2005. In 2009, her autobiography \"Prairie Tale: A Memoir\", was released. In 2014, she wrote a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2483044", "score": "1.0280068", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Nora Kirkpatrick", "text": "with a degree in Theatre, Film, and Television. After graduating, Kirkpatrick went to Africa to volunteer and teach in Nakuru, Kenya. Nora Kirkpatrick Nora Kirkpatrick (born December 6, 1984) is an American actress, writer and musician. She is probably best known for her role as Katherine, the stern president of Panhellenic, on the ABC Family TV series \"Greek\", or for her recurring role on the ninth season of \"The Office\" as Esther Bruegger, a neighboring farmer's daughter who becomes Dwight's girlfriend. Kirkpatrick starred in the 2015 film \"Pink Grapefruit\", which won the SXSW Grand Jury Award. She has played many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15236515", "score": "1.0276202", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Gracie Gilbert", "text": "studies producing at the Australian Film, Television and Radio School. Gracie Gilbert Gracie Gilbert (born 20 October 1992) is an Australian actress, best known for her role as Tammy Lane in the Fox8 teen drama series, \"SLiDE\", as Vicki in \"Lockie Leonard\", and as Annie in \"Love Child\". Gilbert grew up in Perth, Western Australia. She attended Mercedes College and the University of Western Australia, where she began a combined Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degree, majoring in English and Women's Studies. She has since trained in acting at the 16th Street Actors Studio in Melbourne, Ali Robert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10766357", "score": "1.0264904", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", "text": "she has become to the family, and he forgives her. He introduces her to Becky—something he had been reluctant to do earlier. Following Arnie's 18th birthday party, Bonnie climbs the stairs to her bedroom for the first time since her husband's suicide. Arnie later tries to wake her but discovers that she has died. The children, not willing to let their mother become the joke of the town by having her corpse lifted from the house by crane, empty their family home of possessions and set it on fire. A year later, Gilbert describes what happened to his family after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3140062", "score": "1.0114945", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sara Gilbert", "text": "Harry Crane. Gilbert has four older half-siblings. Her two siblings on her mother's side, Melissa Gilbert and Jonathan Gilbert, were stars of \"Little House on the Prairie\". In 1984, Sara took the last name Gilbert for Paul Gilbert, her mother's first husband. Gilbert also has two siblings on her father's side, sister Patrice and brother Joseph. Gilbert graduated from Yale University in 1997 with honors, majoring in art with an emphasis on photography. Following appearances in television movies and a commercial for Kool-Aid, at 13 she landed the role of Darlene Conner, the sarcastic middle child, in \"Roseanne\". Gilbert was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2495531", "score": "1.0014983", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sara Gilbert", "text": "medical student Jane Figler on the long-running hospital drama \"ER\"; her appearances spanned seasons 11-13. Gilbert returned to prime time television in the fall of 2005 in the sitcom \"Twins\" on The WB network. The sitcom was canceled after one season, when the WB and UPN networks merged as The CW and dropped a number of shows. She also had a recurring role on the short-lived CBS sitcom \"The Class\" as Fern Velch. From 2007 to 2010, Gilbert appeared in episodes of the CBS TV series \"The Big Bang Theory\" as Leslie Winkle, a scientist friend of Leonard Hofstadter played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2495533", "score": "0.9995148", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Melissa Gilbert", "text": "lower spine. The surgery was described as a complete success. In January 2015, Gilbert decided to have her breast implants removed for health reasons. Melissa Gilbert Melissa Ellen Gilbert (born May 8, 1964) is an American actress and television director. Gilbert began her career as a child actress in the late 1960s, appearing in numerous commercials and guest starring roles on television. From 1974 to 1984, she starred as Laura Ingalls Wilder, the second oldest daughter of Charles Ingalls (played by Michael Landon) on the NBC series \"Little House on the Prairie\". During the run of \"Little House\", Gilbert appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2483059", "score": "0.9977559", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cameron Finley", "text": "and Brink's Security. Finley acted in the films \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", \"A Perfect World\", \"8 Seconds\", and appeared as a guest on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" on three separate occasions. In 1997, after beating out more than 5,000 other boys in a nationwide search, Finley played the title character in the \"Leave It to Beaver\" film. He then appeared in \"Hope Floats\" as Travis, a sad child who dresses up as a dozen different characters ranging from Barney the Dinosaur to Charlie Chaplin. Finley also starred in the 2000 direct-to-video Disney movie \"Perfect Game\", in which he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7831632", "score": "0.99299663", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Melissa Sue Anderson", "text": "in the television film \"James at 15\". She was nominated for a 1978 Primetime Emmy Award for Best Leading Actress in a Drama Series for her work on \"Little House on the Prairie\" and won the Emmy Award for her performance in \"Which Mother Is Mine?\", which aired as an \"ABC Afterschool Special\" in 1979. Also in 1979, she played the title role of Dana Lee Gilbert, a North Dakota transfer student to Los Angeles' San Fernando Valley in CBS's television film \"Survival of Dana\". In 1980, Anderson earned a 'TP de Oro' Award (considered to be Spain's most prestigious", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "474415", "score": "0.99159396", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", "text": "word. Arnie also runs out and goes to Becky's, who takes care of him for the evening until he is picked up by his sisters. After some soul searching aided by Becky, Gilbert returns home during the birthday party to make amends to his family for running out and to be forgiven by Arnie which, with only the slightest hesitation, he is. He apologizes to his mother for his behavior and promises that he is not ashamed of her and that he will not let her be hurt any more. She admits to Gilbert her knowledge of what a burden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3140061", "score": "0.98996544", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Juliette Lewis", "text": "for a Golden Globe Award, as well as an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Over the next few years, she appeared in Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\", Peter Medak's \"Romeo Is Bleeding\", and opposite Brad Pitt in \"Kalifornia\". In 1993, she acted alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Johnny Depp in the drama film \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\". She played Mallory Knox in Oliver Stone's \"Natural Born Killers\". She played a rock singer in the film \"Strange Days\", doing her own singing on covers of two songs written by PJ Harvey. She received an Emmy nomination for her performance in \"Hysterical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2692751", "score": "0.98995674", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sara Gilbert", "text": "Sara Gilbert Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress, best known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom \"Roseanne\" (1988–1997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She is also co-host and creator of the CBS daytime talk show \"The Talk\" and has had a recurring role as Leslie Winkle on CBS's \"The Big Bang Theory\". Gilbert was born Sara Rebecca Abeles in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Barbara Cowan (née Crane) and Harold Abeles. Both her parents are Jewish. Her maternal grandfather is \"The Honeymooners\" creator", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2495530", "score": "0.98687273", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Paul Gilbert (actor)", "text": "\"The Spike Jones Show\" in 1954. He played the role of murder victim Harrison Boring in the 1964 \"Perry Mason\" episode, \"The Case of the Blonde Bonanza.\" Gilbert also appeared in other early television shows such as \"The NBC Comedy Hour\", \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\", and \"Lux Video Theatre\". In the 1960s Gilbert was seen on several network television series including \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\", \"The Hollywood Palace\", \"Gomer Pyle U.S.M.C.\", \"Good Morning, World\", \"The Dean Martin Show\" and \"Rowan and Martin's Laugh In\". Gilbert and his wife Barbara Crane adopted Melissa Gilbert who played Laura Ingalls Wilder and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10356168", "score": "0.981099", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Rebecca Balding", "text": "Rebecca Balding Rebecca Balding (born September 21, 1955) is an American actress who is probably best known for her appearances on \"Soap\" and \"Charmed\". Balding was born in Little Rock, Arkansas. She attended the University of Kansas. She had the role of Carol David, mother of Jodie Dallas' child, on \"Soap\", appearing in 19 episodes from 1978 through 1980. Balding played Corky Crandall in 1979 in the sitcom \"Makin' It\", as well as the original female reporter Carla Mardigian during the first three episodes of the inaugural 1977 season of the drama series \"Lou Grant\", starring Ed Asner, before that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7476363", "score": "0.98102057", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Paul Gilbert (actor)", "text": "her brother Jonathan Gilbert who played Willie Oleson on the NBC TV series \"Little House on the Prairie\". Gilbert was believed to have died suddenly of a stroke on February 13, 1976. In her autobiography, his daughter, actress Melissa Gilbert wrote that, due to his suffering from constant pain from injuries incurred during WWII, he committed suicide. Actress and producer Sara Gilbert (\"née\" Sara Rebecca Abeles), the daughter of Paul's wife Barbara and her second husband, Harold Abeles, took the Gilbert surname in 1984 although she had no blood or legal ties to Paul Gilbert. Paul Gilbert (actor) Paul Gilbert", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10356169", "score": "0.9787848", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Melissa Gilbert", "text": "Gilbert (born Ed MacMahon, he changed his name to Paul Gilbert to get a Screen Actors Guild card) and his wife, dancer and actress Barbara Crane, the daughter of \"The Honeymooners\" creator Harry Crane. The couple later adopted a son, Jonathan, who co-starred on \"Little House on the Prairie\". Gilbert's adoptive parents divorced when she was 8 years old. Barbara Crane Gilbert then married Harold Abeles, and together they had biological daughter Sara Rebecca Abeles (the actress known professionally as Sara Gilbert) on January 29, 1975. On February 13, 1976, Paul Gilbert died. Although 11-year-old Melissa was told that he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2483046", "score": "0.9780104", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jessica Walter", "text": "Ava Marshall. Since then, she has worked most frequently in television and theater, though she did appear in some films including \"The Flamingo Kid\" (1984) and the film \"PCU\" (1994). In the 1990s, she voiced Fran Sinclair on the ABC comedy \"Dinosaurs\", and appeared on \"Just Shoot Me!\" as Eve Gallo, the mother of Maya and the ex-wife of magazine publisher Jack Gallo. From 2003 to 2006, she appeared in a regular role as the scheming alcoholic socialite matriarch Lucille Bluth on Fox's critically acclaimed comedy series \"Arrested Development\". In 2005, she received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634036", "score": "0.97699606", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Ana Gasteyer", "text": "also starred as Frisco Kate Fothergill in the City Centers Encores! production of \"Girl Crazy,\" running from November 19 to November 22, 2009. She returned to \"Saturday Night Live\" for a special Mother's Day episode on May 8, 2010, and for another Mother's Day episode on May 11, 2012. Gasteyer appeared in season eight of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" as Larry David's girlfriend. From 2011 to 2014, Gasteyer co-starred as Sheila Shay on the ABC comedy series \"Suburgatory,\" and as of March 2013, she was a spokeswoman for the Weight Watchers diet plan. In 2014, taking advantage of her training as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3633767", "score": "0.97574395", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Nicole Sullivan", "text": "of her own Lifetime television series \"Rita Rocks\". From 2008 to 2013, she voiced Marlene in \"The Penguins of Madagascar\". Sullivan played Jules' (Courteney Cox) therapist, Lynn Mettler, on the comedy \"Cougar Town\". She portrayed Lyla in the Disney Channel original movie \"Let It Shine\" in 2012. In 2013, she starred in the short-lived Nickelodeon sitcom \"Wendell and Vinnie\" as Wilma Basset. Sullivan was born in Manhattan. She is the daughter of Edward C. Sullivan, a New York State assemblyman. She took dance classes at age 7 and performed in Off Broadway and Broadway productions with the First All-Children's Theatre.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8038772", "score": "0.9744363", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Darlene Cates", "long_answer": "Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film What's Eating Gilbert Grape, in which she played the title character's housebound mother.", "chunked_long_answer": "Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film What's Eating Gilbert Grape, in which she played the title character's housebound mother.", "short_answers": [ "Darlene Cates" ] }

[ "November 30, 2016" ]

[ { "title": "Vikings (season 4)", "text": "The fourth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 30, 2016. The season follows the battles between Ragnar and Rollo in Francia, Bjorn's raid into the Mediterranean, and the Viking invasion of England. It concluded in its entirety on February 1, 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Vikings (2013 TV series)", "text": "episodes. In the UK, \"Vikings\" premiered on May 24, 2013, where it was exclusively available on the streaming video-on-demand service LoveFilm. The second season premiered on March 24, 2015. The third season began airing on February 20, 2015, on Amazon Video. In Australia, the series premiered on August 8, 2013, on SBS One. It was later moved to FX, which debuted the second season on February 4, 2015. Season three of Vikings began broadcasting in Australia on SBS One on March 19, 2015. Season four of Vikings began broadcasting in Australia on SBS One on February 24, 2016. The first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16635211", "score": "1.0591991", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 4)", "text": "performed by Hilda Örvarsdóttir. The track was released as a single on October 20, 2017 together with a second version solely performed by Selvik. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.3/10 based on twelve reviews. Vikings (season 4) The fourth season of the historical drama television series \"Vikings\" premiered on February 18, 2016 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18678562", "score": "1.0362036", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 2)", "text": "on 11 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Vikings (season 2) The second season of the historical drama television series \"Vikings\" premiered on February 27, 2014 on History in Canada, and concluded on May 1, 2014, consisting of ten episodes. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The second season follows Ragnar's struggles with rival Vikings and his rise from Earl to King. The Vikings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521133", "score": "1.0326827", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 5)", "text": "Vikings (season 5) The fifth season of the historical drama television series \"Vikings\" premiered on November 29, 2017 on History in Canada. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The fifth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 28, 2018. The premise of the fifth season differs from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19396347", "score": "1.017117", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 2)", "text": "production designers Tom Conroy for the first to sixth episodes, and Mark Geraghty for the seventh to tenth episodes, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth episodes, and Don Cassidy for the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth episodes, and cinematographer Pj Dillon. The musical score for the second season was composed by Trevor Morris in collaboration with Einar Selvik, Steve Tavaglione and Brian Kilgore. The opening sequence is again accompanied by the song \"If I Had a Heart\" by Fever Ray. The soundtrack was released on June 13, 2014 by Sony Classical Records. Additional non-original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521131", "score": "1.0104134", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 3)", "text": "Vikings (season 3) The third season of the historical drama television series \"Vikings\" premiered on February 19, 2015 on History in Canada, and concluded on April 23, 2015, consisting of ten episodes. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The third season follows the development of Ragnar's family, and the Vikings as they become more entwined in English affairs, and also begin to raid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18016747", "score": "0.9964127", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 5)", "text": "fourth, sixth, eighth and thirteenth episodes, Michele Conroy for the seventh, ninth and eleventh episodes, and Dan Briceno for the twelfth episode, and cinematographers Pj Dillon for the first and second episodes, Peter Robertson for the third, fourth, and seventh to thirteenth episodes, and Suzie Lavelle for the fifth and sixth episodes. At the same time that the series was renewed for a fifth season, it was announced that Irish actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers would be joining the cast, as Heahmund, a \"warrior bishop\". Vikings creator Michael Hirst, explained: \"I was looking at the history books, and I came across", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19396350", "score": "0.99223375", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 2)", "text": "Vikings (season 2) The second season of the historical drama television series \"Vikings\" premiered on February 27, 2014 on History in Canada, and concluded on May 1, 2014, consisting of ten episodes. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season of the series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793. The second season follows Ragnar's struggles with rival Vikings and his rise from Earl to King. The Vikings raid further into England, and for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521129", "score": "0.9919617", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Vikings (2013 TV series)", "text": "the third season as a shaman. Michael Hirst announced plans for the fourth season before the third season had begun airing. The fourth season began production around the Dublin area in April 2015. Finnish actors Peter Franzén and Jasper Pääkkönen, as well as Canadian actress Dianne Doan joined the cast of the fourth season. Franzén played Norwegian King Harald Finehair, a potential rival to Ragnar. Pääkkönen was cast as Halfdan the Black, Finehair's brother. Doan portrays Yidu, a Chinese character who has a major role in the first half of the fourth season. Toronto Blue Jays player Josh Donaldson is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16635206", "score": "0.9849482", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "show hosts and sports analysts were convinced that a red-hot Dallas team was going to end the Vikings' explosive season with Brett Favre. Tony Romo had been throwing more accurately than ever, and because the Vikings had a week off, even their own fans were feeling the pressure of facing a tough Dallas team. Entering the playoffs as the NFC's number 2 seed, the Vikings began their playoff run at home in the NFC Divisional Round against the number 3 Dallas Cowboys. Minnesota delivered the opening strike in the first quarter as quarterback Brett Favre found wide receiver Sidney Rice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843991", "score": "0.97388494", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Vikings (2013 TV series)", "text": "one of Oleg's successors, Vladimir the Great, Prince of Novgorod. Katheryn Winnick, who portrays Lagertha in the show, will direct one of the Season 6 episodes. \"Vikings\" premiered on March 3, 2013, in Canada and the United States. \"Vikings\" was renewed for a fourth season in March 2015 with an extended order of 20 episodes, which premiered on February 18, 2016. On March 17, 2016, History renewed \"Vikings\" for a fifth season of 20 episodes, which premiered on November 29, 2017. On September 12, 2017, ahead of its fifth-season premiere, the series was renewed for a sixth season of 20", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16635210", "score": "0.96814984", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2010 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "formula, the Vikings will play every team in the NFC East and AFC East, the teams from the NFC South and NFC West that finished the same place in their division as the Vikings last year (which were the division winners), as well as their usual NFC North division rivals. The schedule was announced on April 20, 2010: the season began with the Vikings taking on the New Orleans Saints in the NFL Kickoff Game on Thursday, September 9, while the bye week will come in Week 4. The season will culminate with road games against the Philadelphia Eagles and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14206422", "score": "0.9625758", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 4)", "text": "first eight and last four episodes, and Owen McPolin for the ninth to sixteenth episodes. The musical score for the fourth season was composed by Trevor Morris in collaboration with Einar Selvik. The opening sequence is again accompanied by the song \"If I Had a Heart\" by Fever Ray. Additional non-original music by Norwegian music group Wardruna is featured in the episodes \"In the Uncertain Hour Before the Morning\" and \"Crossings\". The featured tracks are \"Bjarkan\", \"Laukr\" and \"Algir — Tognatale\". The episode \"All His Angels\" also features an original song titled \"Snake Pit Poetry\", written by Einar Selvik and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18678561", "score": "0.95964634", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 5)", "text": "Morgan O'Sullivan, Sheila Hockin, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn, John Weber, and Michael Hirst are credited as executive producers. This season was produced by Keith Thompson for the first four episodes, and Liz Gill for the fifth to thirteenth episodes. Bill Goddard and Séamus McInerney act as co-producers. The production team for this season includes casting directors Frank and Nuala Moiselle, costume designer Susan O'Connor Cave, visual effects supervisor Dominic Remane, stunt action designer Richard Ryan, composer Trevor Morris, production designer Mark Geraghty, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, third, fifth and tenth episodes, Tad Seaborn for the second,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19396349", "score": "0.95791805", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 3)", "text": "Aaron Marshall for the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth episodes, and Tad Seaborn for the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth episodes, and cinematographer Pj Dillon. The musical score for the third season was composed by Trevor Morris in collaboration with Einar Selvik and Steve Tavaglione. The opening sequence is again accompanied by the song \"If I Had a Heart\" by Fever Ray. The soundtrack was released on May 15, 2015 by Sony Classical Records. Additional non-original music by Norwegian music group Wardruna is featured in the episodes \"The Wanderer\", \"Paris\", \"To the Gates!\" and \"Breaking Point\". The featured", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18016749", "score": "0.9573316", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 4)", "text": "in Francia, Bjorn's raid into the Mediterranean, and the Viking invasion of England. It concluded in its entirety on February 1, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> \"Vikings\" is an Irish-Canadian co-production presented by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The fourth season was developed and produced by Octagon Films for the first sixteen episodes, TM Productions for the last four episodes, and Take 5 Productions. Morgan O'Sullivan, Sheila Hockin, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn, John Weber, and Michael Hirst are credited as executive producers. This season was produced by Keith Thompson for the first eight and for the last four episodes, and Sanne Wohlenberg for the ninth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18678559", "score": "0.95567375", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 3)", "text": "track \"Battle for the Hill of the Ash\", which plays in the episode \"Warrior's Fate\", while the song \"Howl\" is featured in the episode \"The Dead\". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating, with an average rating of 8/10 based on eleven reviews. On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, it scored 81 out of 100, based on seven reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Vikings (season 3) The third season of the historical drama television series \"Vikings\" premiered on February 19, 2015 on History in Canada, and concluded on April 23, 2015, consisting of ten episodes. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18016751", "score": "0.9538034", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 1)", "text": "season outing.\" Vikings (season 1) \"Vikings\" is a historical drama television series, written and created by Michael Hirst for the television channel History. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season premiered on March 3, 2013 in Canada and concluded on April 28, 2013, consisting of nine episodes. It begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793, and follows Ragnar's quest to become Earl, and his desire to raid England. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> An Irish-Canadian co-production presented by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17950122", "score": "0.95319396", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 1)", "text": "Vikings (season 1) \"Vikings\" is a historical drama television series, written and created by Michael Hirst for the television channel History. The series broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, and later those of his sons. The first season premiered on March 3, 2013 in Canada and concluded on April 28, 2013, consisting of nine episodes. It begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793, and follows Ragnar's quest to become Earl, and his desire to raid England. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> An Irish-Canadian co-production presented by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, \"Vikings\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17950118", "score": "0.94611716", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2016 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "5–0 or better more than once and on both occasions miss the playoffs. The team's new stadium, U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, opened at the start of the season, with a regular season debut victory on September 18 against division rival Green Bay on \"NBC Sunday Night Football\". It was built on the site of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, the team's home from 1982 through 2013. The Vikings played at the outdoor TCF Bank Stadium at the University of Minnesota in 2014 and 2015. On August 30, starting quarterback Teddy Bridgewater suffered a season-ending ACL tear and dislocated knee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19121031", "score": "0.94539505", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Vikings (2013 TV series)", "text": "Hirst, Morgan O'Sullivan, John Weber, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn and Sheila Hockin are credited as executive producers. The first season's budget was reported as US$40 million. The series began filming in July 2012 at Ashford Studios which is a newly built facility in Ireland. This location was chosen for its scenery and tax advantages. On August 16, 2012, longship scenes were filmed at Luggala, as well as on the Poulaphouca Reservoir in the Wicklow Mountains. 70 percent of the first season was filmed outdoors. Some additional background shots were done in western Norway. Johan Renck, Ciarán Donnelly and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16635202", "score": "0.9439404", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Vikings (2013 TV series)", "text": "sons, and their adventures in England, Scandinavia and the Mediterranean. On March 17, 2016, History renewed \"Vikings\" for a fifth season of 20 episodes, which premiered on November 29, 2017. On September 12, 2017, ahead of its fifth-season premiere, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which will consist of 20 episodes. The series is inspired by the tales of the Norsemen of early medieval Scandinavia. It broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, family and descendants, as notably laid down in the 13th-century sagas \"Ragnars saga Loðbrókar\" and \"Ragnarssona þáttr\", as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16635200", "score": "0.94363093", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 1)", "text": "episodes, and Michele Conroy for the second, fourth, sixth and eighth episodes, and cinematographer John Bartley. Pj Dillon served as second unit director of photography. The musical score for the first season was composed by Trevor Morris in collaboration with Steven Richard Davis, Steve Tavaglione, Brian Kilgore, Tina Guo and Mel Wesson. The opening sequence is accompanied by the song \"If I Had a Heart\" by Fever Ray. The soundtrack was released on June 21, 2013 by Sony Music Entertainment. Additional non-original music by Norwegian music group Wardruna is featured in the episodes \"Trial\" and \"Sacrifice\". The featured tracks—which were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17950120", "score": "0.94320405", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 1)", "text": "not included in the soundtrack release—are \"Fehu\", \"Ár var alda\", \"Heimta Thurs\", \"Dagr\", \"Laukr\", and \"Løyndomsriss\". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 81% approval rating with an average rating of 6.9/10 based on 27 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"Vikings makes up for its lack of historical accuracy with a heaping helping of violence, romance, and striking visuals\". Metacritic assigned a score of 71 based on 20 reviews. IGN gave the first season of Vikings an overall score of 7.0 stating \"While parts of the story felt rushed and sparsely told, Vikings still gave us a good first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17950121", "score": "0.9393767", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Vikings (season 4)", "text": "to sixteenth episodes. Bill Goddard and Séamus McInerney act as co-producers. The production team for this season includes casting directors Frank and Nuala Moiselle, costume designer Joan Bergin, visual effects supervisor Dominic Remane, stunt action designers Franklin Henson and Richard Ryan, composer Trevor Morris, production designer Mark Geraghty, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, fourth, seventh, fifteenth and eighteenth episodes, Christopher Donaldson for the second, fifth and eighth episodes, Tad Seaborn for the third, sixth, ninth, eleventh, thirteenth, sixteenth and nineteenth episodes, and Don Cassidy for the tenth, twelfth, fourteenth, seventeenth and twentieth episodes, and cinematographers Pj Dillon for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18678560", "score": "0.9390641", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2018 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "season with a home game against the San Francisco 49ers, their first home game since the Minneapolis Miracle in the divisional round of the 2017–18 NFL playoffs. The game saw quarterback Kirk Cousins and defensive tackle Sheldon Richardson make their regular season debuts for the Vikings, as well as the return of second-year running back Dalvin Cook, who had torn his ACL early in the 2017 season. The two teams traded punts to start the game, before the Vikings put a drive together on their second possession, culminating with a 48-yard field goal by rookie kicker Daniel Carlson. The 49ers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20468602", "score": "0.9368751", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2010 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "Tuesday night. Minnesota trailed in the first quarter as Eagles quarterback Michael Vick completed a 3-yard touchdown pass to tight end Clay Harbor. The Vikings answered in the second quarter with cornerback Antoine Winfield returning a fumble 45 yards for a touchdown. Minnesota took the lead in the third quarter with a 30-yard field goal from kicker Ryan Longwell, followed by a 9-yard touchdown run from rookie quarterback Joe Webb. Philadelphia struck back with Vick getting a 10-yard touchdown run which cut the lead to a field goal, but the Vikings came right back with a 1-yard touchdown run from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14206459", "score": "0.936533", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2007 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "team when he was hired by the Vikings. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Vikings began their 2007 campaign at home against the Atlanta Falcons. In the first quarter, Minnesota scored first with defensive tackle Kevin Williams returning an interception 54 yards for a touchdown. It was the only score of the first half. In the third quarter, kicker Ryan Longwell kicked a 49-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Falcons got their only score of the game, with Matt Prater kicking a 45-yard field goal. From there, the Vikings had the only offense with Tarvaris Jackson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9852289", "score": "0.9332894", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2008 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "would clinch their 17th division title, and their first since 2000. Coming off their road rout of the Cardinals, the Vikings went home for a Week 16 battle with the Atlanta Falcons; a win would give the Vikings their first division title since 2000, and their first NFC North title. Minnesota trailed early in the first quarter as Falcons running back Michael Turner got a 1-yard touchdown run. The Vikings would respond with quarterback Tarvaris Jackson completing a 21-yard touchdown pass to tight end Visanthe Shiancoe. However, Atlanta would answer in the second quarter with quarterback Matt Ryan completing an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11404672", "score": "0.9311837", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Vikings (season 4)", "long_answer": "The fourth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 30, 2016. The season follows the battles between Ragnar and Rollo in Francia, Bjorn's raid into the Mediterranean, and the Viking invasion of England. It concluded in its entirety on February 1, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "The fourth season consists of a double order of twenty episodes, split into two parts of ten episodes; the second half premiered on November 30, 2016. The season follows the battles between Ragnar and Rollo in Francia, Bjorn's raid into the Mediterranean, and the Viking invasion of England. It concluded in its entirety on February 1, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "November 30, 2016" ] }

[ "1939", "1940" ]

[ { "title": "Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor", "text": "Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "countries on November 11, 2011. Mass media stopped covering the question on a daily basis but the opposition movements continued. Recently Mr. Noda revealed that he will not discuss TPP question at the coming talk with U.S. President Obama on April 30. The Potsdam Declaration of 1945, declared that Japan would surrender all of its armed forces, and the Japanese military would be under the control of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers(SCAP). In theory, the economy would be left to the management of the Japanese government. In practice however, the economy was largely influenced by the Occupation policies", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352047", "score": "1.012809", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "China–Japan relations", "text": "its Japan trade and intensified propaganda attacks against Japan as a \"running dog\" (Chinese:\"走狗\") of the United States. Behind the United States of America, China and Japan takes the second and the third position respectively of the largest economies in the world. China and Japan trade approximately $350 billion worth of goods annually with each other (Xing, 2011). This is a huge exchange meaning that the trade ties between these two nations are one of the largest trading partnerships around the world. Economic studies reveal that the economic relationship between China and Japan started a long time ago when China", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10855057", "score": "1.0127851", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "United States' government announced a policy that relaxed trade restrictions to Japan; reopening private exports. Trade was still heavily regulated; as a foreign buyer would need to submit a purchase and sale agreement, and the Japanese exporter also needed to file an application to the Board of Trade, which would then be forwarded to SCAP for final approval. Japanese exports grew rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s, but growth slowed considerably during the 1980s. Over these decades, both the composition and the reputation of products from Japan changed profoundly. Because of the success of certain exports, Japan is often viewed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352049", "score": "1.0075502", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "of the Allied Powers. Initially, the United States' main goal for post-war Japan was to demilitarize the Japanese economy. During the early phase of post-war Japan, private foreign trade had been prohibited by SCAP, and all trade was state conducted. There were restrictions to heavy industry outputs such as steel, aluminium, and copper; which limited Japan's shipbuilding, machinery, and chemical industries. Imports were only allowed when they were judged to be indispensable to the sustenance of the Japanese economy. However, the SCAP policies to Japanese industry would be quickly reversed due to Cold War politics. On August 15, 1947, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352048", "score": "1.0075258", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "chronic trade deficit ended in 1965, and by 1969, with a positive balance of almost US$1 billion, Japan was widely regarded as a surplus trading nation. In 1971 the surplus reached US$4.3 billion, and its rapid increase was a main factor behind the United States decision to devalue the dollar and pressure Japan to revalue the yen—events that led quickly to the end of the Bretton Woods System of fixed exchange rates. By 1972 Japan's surplus had climbed to US$5.1 billion, despite the reevaluation of the yen in 1971. The jump in prices of petroleum and other raw materials during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352069", "score": "0.99705124", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "waned. Japan's fundamental strength in world markets required its fear of vulnerability and opposition to manufactured imports to be reassessed. In the early 1980s, fear of vulnerability remained strong and fed the continuation of policies and behavior that kept manufactured imports unusually low compared with those of the other industrial nations. Only with the large decline in raw material prices and the explosion of trade surpluses did policies and behavior begin to change. After more than 30 years had trade surpluses, in 2011 the trade deficit came to 2.49 trillion yen ($32 billion), but the previous trade deficit came in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352073", "score": "0.97558475", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "the mid-1980s, and that number dropped again late in the decade to twenty-two with further agreements scheduled to come into effect in the early 1990s, which would reduce the number again. But those products still under quota proved to be highly visible and were the object of complaints by exporting countries. The reduction of controlled items in the late 1980s resulted from Japan's loss of a GATT case brought by the United States concerning import restrictions on twelve agricultural products. In addition, heavy pressure from the United States led to an agreement that Japan would end import quotas on beef", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352038", "score": "0.97509027", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Foreign commerce and shipping of Empire of Japan", "text": "trade deficit, selling a total of US$12.85 and buying US$15.25 per capita. This was in part brought on by the purchase of wartime materials. Japan's primary trading partners in order were: Japan exported 32% of its total output to the United States, and purchased 21% of its foreign trade. Japan's imports were as follows: Japan's exports were as follows: Japan's primary exports were raw silk, controlling 80% of the world's production, and tea, controlling 10%. Japan's total foreign trade was equivalent to Belgium, a country with less than 10% of Japan's population. In 1897, the local monetary unit, the yen,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5238839", "score": "0.97339094", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "1973 plunged the balance of trade into deficit, and in 1974 the deficit reached US$6.6 billion. With strong export growth, however, this was reversed to a surplus of US$2.4 billion in 1976. The surplus reached a record US$18.2 billion in 1978, promoting considerable tension between the United States and Japan. In 1979 petroleum prices jumped again, and Japan's trade balance again turned to deficit, reaching US$10.7 billion in 1980. Once again, rapid export growth and stagnant imports returned Japan quickly to surplus by 1981. For the next five years, Japan's trade surplus grew explosively, to a peak of US$82.7 billion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352070", "score": "0.97338325", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Japanese asset price bubble", "text": "case, demands for yen increased, and the yen appreciated significantly. In 1985, the exchange rate of yen per dollar was 238. After the foreign exchange intervention followed by Plaza Accord, the exchange rate dropped to 165 yen per dollar in 1986 as yen appreciated. This impacted exports in Japan to the States significantly, almost halving them in 1992 from their peak in 1986, whereas the trade deficit in the United States shrank after the Plaza Accord and the deficit cleared out in 1991. Due to the appreciation in the yen, Japanese companies suffered from huge losses in exports, as they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6070681", "score": "0.9693138", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Kantokuen", "text": "example, it effectively ended all trade between Japan and those three nations. Even more calamitous, on August 1, the same day Sugiyama appeared before the Emperor, the United States further sanctioned Japan by enacting a total embargo on oil. Since US exports accounted for 80 percent of Japan's oil supply and most of the rest came from the Dutch East Indies (which also refused to sell), the Japanese war machine was virtually cut off; without replenishment it would soon collapse. The oil embargo proved to be the final nail in the coffin for Kantokuen: scarcely a week later on 9", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20000602", "score": "0.9633808", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "this was not revealed until the mid-1990s when it was exposed by \"The New York Times\". The United States has been Japan's largest economic partner, taking 31.5% of its exports, supplying 22.3% of its imports, and accounting for 45.9% of its direct investment abroad in 1990. As of 2013, the United States takes up 18% of Japanese exports, and supplies 8.5% of its imports (the slack having been picked up by China, which now provides 22%). Japan's imports from the United States included both raw materials and manufactured goods. United States agricultural products were a leading import in 1990 (US$8.5", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309467", "score": "0.9616599", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "in 1986. This unprecedented trade surplus resulted from the moderate annual rise in exports and the drop in imports noted earlier. Underlying these trade developments was the weakness of the yen against other currencies, which enhanced export price competitiveness and dampened import demand. After 1986 the dollar value of Japan's trade surplus declined, to US$77.6 billion in 1988. This decline came as the yen finally appreciated strongly against the dollar (beginning in 1985) and as a rapid rise in manufactured imports began to offset the large drop in the value of raw material imports. By 1990 the trade surplus had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352071", "score": "0.96129906", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "of a \"new orthodoxy\" of \"suspicion, criticism and considerable self-justification\", which it said was endangering the fabric of Japan–United States relations. The relative economic power of Japan and the United States was undergoing sweeping change, especially in the 1980s. This change went well beyond the implications of the United States trade deficit with Japan, which had remained between US$40 billion and US$48 billion annually since the mid-1980s. The persisting United States trade and budget deficits of the early 1980s led to a series of decisions in the middle of the decade that brought a major realignment of the value of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309459", "score": "0.9588801", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Economic relations of Japan", "text": "total cumulative investment slipped, from 26.5 percent in 1975 to 17.3 percent in 1988. China is now Japan's largest export market, surpassing the U.S. despite a drop in overall trade, according to recent figures from the Japan External Trade Organization. Japan's exports to China fell 25.3% during the first half of 2009 to $46.5 billion, but due to a steeper drop in shipments to the U.S., China became Japan's largest trade destination for the first time. China is also Japan's largest source of imports. The importance of the Middle East expanded dramatically in the 1970s with the jumps in crude", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6350953", "score": "0.95596564", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Manufacturing in the United States", "text": "so that Japanese products fell in price by 12%. Second, Fed Chair Paul Volcker raised US interest rates such that the US dollar appreciated. This was the opposite policy from that which a rise in Japanese productivity would have dicated, and the US policy action made Japanese products 30% cheaper than American until 1986. The US machine tool sector never recovered from this body blow. Between 1983 and 2005, U.S. exports grew by 340 percent, with exports of manufactured goods increasing by 407 percent over the same period. In 1983, the primary export commodities were transportation equipment, computer and electronic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15257150", "score": "0.9550052", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "Japanese and United States currencies. The stronger Japanese currency gave Japan the ability to purchase more United States goods and to make important investments in the United States. By the late 1980s, Japan was the main international creditor. Japan's growing investment in the United States—it was the second largest investor after Britain—led to complaints from some American constituencies. Moreover, Japanese industry seemed well positioned to use its economic power to invest in the high-technology products in which United States manufacturers were still leaders. The United States's ability to compete under these circumstances was seen by many Japanese and Americans as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309460", "score": "0.9540185", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration", "text": "whom I can have confidence\". However, after the meeting Trump continued to complain about Japan's currency and its auto industry. In January 2017 President Trump formally renounced the Trans-Pacific Partnership, in which Japan would have been a key player, but left open the option of bilateral trade negotiations. During a visit to Japan in January 2017, Defense Secretary Mattis reaffirmed that the U.S. was committed to the defense of Japan. In February 2017 Abe met with Trump in Washington, followed by a Florida golf excursion. Trump promised to strengthen ties between the two nations and said the U.S. is committed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20062345", "score": "0.9533422", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Japanese asset price bubble", "text": "between the countries. At that time, Japan had a huge trade surplus, as the Japanese yen was weaker against U.S. dollar, while the United States suffered from a consistent trade deficit. The reason behind the accord was partially complaints by the States regarding the imbalance in the exchange rate between the yen and the dollar, since most Japanese products imported in the States had higher quality and cheaper prices than the domestic products due to the weaker yen against the dollar. After reaching a settlement in the Plaza Accord, central banks in participated countries started selling U.S. dollars. In Japan's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6070680", "score": "0.95018184", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "Automobiles were by far the largest single category, amounting to US$21.5 billion in 1990, or 24% of total Japanese exports to the United States. Automotive parts accounted for another US$10.7 billion. Other major items were office machinery (including computers), which totaled US$8.6 billion in 1990, telecommunications equipment (US$4.1 billion) and power-generating machinery (US$451 million). From the mid-1960s, the trade balance has been in Japan's favor. According to Japanese data, its surplus with the United States grew from US$380 million in 1970 to nearly US$48 billion in 1988, declining to approximately US$38 billion in 1990. United States data on the trade", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309469", "score": "0.94964933", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "relationship (which differ slightly because each nation includes transportation costs on the import side but not the export side) also show a rapid deterioration of the imbalance in the 1980s, from a Japanese surplus of US$10 billion in 1980 to one of US$60 billion in 1987, with an improvement to one of US$37.7 billion in 1990. Notable outpourings of United States congressional and media rhetoric critical of Japan accompanied the disclosure in 1987 that Toshiba had illegally sold sophisticated machinery of United States origin to the Soviet Union, which reportedly allowed Moscow to make submarines quiet enough to avoid United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309470", "score": "0.94940925", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "up new Guidelines for Japan-United States Defense Cooperation, under which military planners of the two countries have conducted studies relating to joint military action in the event of an armed attack on Japan. On the economic front, Japan sought to ease trade frictions by agreeing to Orderly Marketing Arrangements, which limited exports on products whose influx into the United States was creating political problems. In 1977 an Orderly Marketing Arrangement limiting Japanese color television exports to the United States was signed, following the pattern of an earlier disposition of the textile problem. Steel exports to the United States were also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309446", "score": "0.9478472", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "were subject to such restraints at various times. Japan began the postwar period with heavy import barriers. Virtually all products were subject to government quotas, many faced high tariffs, and MITI had authority over the allocation of the foreign exchange that companies needed to pay for any import. These policies were justified at the time by the weakened position of Japanese industry and the country's chronic trade deficits. By the late 1950s, Japan's international trade had regained its prewar level, and its balance of payments displayed sufficient strength for its rigid protectionism to be increasingly difficult to justify. The IMF", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352035", "score": "0.9477937", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "301\" provision, nations were to be named as unfair trading partners and specific products chosen for negotiation, as appropriate, with retaliation against the exports of these nations should negotiations fail to provide satisfactory results. Japan was named an unfair trading nation in 1989, and negotiations began on forest products, supercomputers, and telecommunications satellites. By the end of the 1980s, however, some internally generated changes in import policy appeared to be under way in Japan. The rapid appreciation of the yen after 1985, which made imports more attractive, stimulated a domestic debate over nontariff barriers and other structural features of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352042", "score": "0.94753504", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Bank of Japan", "text": "reduced the official bank rate from 9.0% to 8.25% in August, to 7.25% in November, and to 5.5% in December in 1981. Reaganomics was set in America, and USD became strong. However, Japan tried to make fiscal reconstruction at that time, so they did not stop their financial regulation. In 1985, the agreement of G5 nations, known as the Plaza agreement, USD slipped down and Yen/USD changed from 240yen/$ to 200yen/$ at the end of 1985. Even in 1986, USD continued to fall and reached 160yen/$. In order to escape deflation, BOJ cut the official bank rate from 5% to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1566601", "score": "0.9435548", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Japan–United States relations", "text": "of Japan-United States currencies in the mid-1980s. The currency realignment resulted in a rapid rise of United States costs in Japan, which the Japanese government, upon United States request, was willing to offset. Another set of examples was provided by Japan's willingness to respond to United States requests for foreign assistance to countries considered of strategic importance to the West. During the 1980s, United States officials voiced appreciation for Japan's \"strategic aid\" to countries such as Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt, and Jamaica. Prime Minister Kaifu Toshiki's pledges of support for East European and Middle Eastern countries in 1990 fit the pattern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6309452", "score": "0.9426455", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "growth. In 1973 Japan's import price index was at essentially the same level as in 1955, partly because of the appreciation of the yen after 1971, which reduced the yen price of imports, but also because of the reduced costs of ocean shipping and stable prices for food and raw materials. For the rest of the 1970s, however, import prices skyrocketed, climbing 219% from 1973 to 1980. This dramatic price rise, especially for petroleum but by no means confined to it, was responsible for the rapid growth of the dollar value of imports during the 1970s, despite the slower growth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352060", "score": "0.9422053", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Japan–Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement", "text": "will immediately remove the tariffs on half of all Japanese steel imports. The remainder will be duty-free by 2017. Over the next few years, Thailand will remove the tariffs on Japanese fruits such as apples, pears and yams. By 2011, Thailand will immediately reduce the tariffs on Japanese automobiles with an engine displacement of 3000 cc or larger to 60 percent from 80 percent. The two countries will hold talks again in 2009 on total tariff elimination for those vehicles in mid-2010s. By 2012, Japanese auto parts except five will become duty-free. The remaining five will become duty-free in over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9999258", "score": "0.941849", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Trade policy of Japan", "text": "declined to US$52.1 billion. Underlying trends throughout the 1970s and 1980s were the fundamental strength of Japan's export sector. Under the fixed exchange rates of the 1960s, exports became progressively more competitive on world markets, lifting the country out of the persistent trade deficits that had continued into the early years of the decade. During the 1970s, rapid export expansion extricated the country from the deficits immediately following the two oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979. Continuing export strength then drove the nation to the extraordinary trade surpluses of the 1980s, as the temporary burden of costly oil imports", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6352072", "score": "0.9400017", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor", "long_answer": "Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.", "chunked_long_answer": "Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.", "short_answers": [ "1939", "1940" ] }

[ "shared" ]

[ { "title": "Premier League Golden Boot", "text": "to win the Golden Boot, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of goals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "TT Pro League Golden Boot", "text": "TT Pro League Golden Boot The TT Pro League Golden Boot is an annual Trinidad and Tobago football award given at the beginning of each TT Pro League calendar year to the top goalscorer for the previous season. The Golden Boot has been awarded since the establishment of the Pro League in 1999. The top-scoring Pro League Golden Boot winner is Arnold Dwarika with 45 goals in 28 games during the league's inaugural season. Devorn Jorsling has won the award the most times (4) having scored the most league goals during the 2008, 2010–11, 2012–13, and 2014–15 seasons, all when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16715858", "score": "1.081504", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "TT Pro League Golden Boot", "text": "the first to win four Golden Boots in 2008, 2010–11, 2012–13, and 2014–15. No player has won the award in consecutive years. TT Pro League Golden Boot The TT Pro League Golden Boot is an annual Trinidad and Tobago football award given at the beginning of each TT Pro League calendar year to the top goalscorer for the previous season. The Golden Boot has been awarded since the establishment of the Pro League in 1999. The top-scoring Pro League Golden Boot winner is Arnold Dwarika with 45 goals in 28 games during the league's inaugural season. Devorn Jorsling has won", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16715863", "score": "1.0750833", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "I-League Golden Boot", "text": "thrice while playing for Churchill Brothers. Aser Pierrick Dipanda of Mohun Bagan is the latest winner of the Golden Boot, his consecutive second. During the 2017–18 season, he scored 13 goals in 18 matches. As of the March 2018 six players have won the golden boot award. Only three player has won the award more than once with Ranti winning the award most times with five wins. Winning the golden boot though might not translate into league success as thrice once in eleven I-League seasons as the team which has the golden boot winner won the league as well and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15976676", "score": "1.0564475", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "MLS Golden Boot", "text": "MLS Golden Boot The MLS Golden Boot (currently the Audi Golden Boot for sponsorship reasons) has been awarded since the 2005 season to Major League Soccer's regular–season leading scorer. The award replaced the MLS Scoring Champion Award that was awarded since the league's inception in 1996. Prior to 2005 MLS used a point system that awarded two points for a goal and one point for an assist to give the MLS Scoring Champion Award. Since 2005 Major League Soccer has awarded the MLS Golden Boot to the player who has scored the most goals outright, with ties being broken by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4829937", "score": "1.0524483", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "TT Pro League Golden Boot", "text": "been an increasing presence of foreign players in the Pro League, there has not been a foreign-born player to win the Golden Boot since 2008. Since the 2009 season, Trinidad and Tobago international players Kerry Baptiste, Marcus Joseph, Devorn Jorsling, and Richard Roy have won the award. Although Arnold Dwarika has the highest number of goals scored to win the Golden Boot with 45, Jerren Nixon has the highest strike rate of 1.76 (37 goals in 21 games) in winning the Golden Boot during North East Stars' championship winning season in 2004. Every winner of the Golden Boot has thus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16715861", "score": "1.0496658", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "MLS Golden Boot", "text": "assists. MLS Golden Boot The MLS Golden Boot (currently the Audi Golden Boot for sponsorship reasons) has been awarded since the 2005 season to Major League Soccer's regular–season leading scorer. The award replaced the MLS Scoring Champion Award that was awarded since the league's inception in 1996. Prior to 2005 MLS used a point system that awarded two points for a goal and one point for an assist to give the MLS Scoring Champion Award. Since 2005 Major League Soccer has awarded the MLS Golden Boot to the player who has scored the most goals outright, with ties being broken", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4829938", "score": "1.0432115", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "I-League Golden Boot", "text": "I-League Golden Boot The I-League Golden Boot is an annual Indian association football award given to the top goalscorer at the end of the I-League season, the top domestic league competition in club Football in India, since its creation in 2007. The top-scoring I-League Golden Boot winner is Ranty Martins Soleye with 32 goals in a 26-game season with Odafe Onyeka Okolie holding the record when the league was an 18-game season with 22 goals. Ranti won the award for most number of times with 5 wins however Odafe has won the award most times for a single club, winning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15976675", "score": "1.0379741", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Premier League Golden Boot", "text": "Premier League Golden Boot The Premier League Golden Boot is an annual association football award presented to the leading goalscorer in the Premier League. For sponsorship purposes, it was called the Carling Golden Boot from 1994 to 2001, from 2001 to 2004 as the Barclaycard Golden Boot, and the Barclays Golden Boot (2005–2016). Since 2017, it is known as the Cadbury Golden Boot. In addition to the trophy, winners of the Golden Boot are usually given £1,000 for every goal they scored throughout the season to donate to a charity of their choice, although Robin van Persie was given £30,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14552430", "score": "1.0007608", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "TT Pro League Golden Boot", "text": "far recorded an average strike rate of at least two goals every three matches, and scored a minimum of 14 goals. In fact, combining the statistics for all winners, a Pro League Golden Boot winner scores an average of 20 goals from 24 games, a strike rate of around 0.83 goals per appearance. The Golden Boot winner has helped his respective team to the TT Pro League championship eight years during the award-winning season. Devorn Jorsling is currently the only player who has been able to win the TT Pro League Golden Boot multiple times with four. Thus, he became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16715862", "score": "1.0004109", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I-League", "text": "each. Odafe Onyeka Okolie and Ranti Martins are both currently the holders of the most golden boot titles with three and four each. The two Nigerians make up the seven golden boots won by Nigerians, the most of any nationality in the league. The I-League has only been awarding a proper trophy to the champion since 2013 when the 2012–13 season champions, Churchill Brothers, won the league. Before 2013 the I-League champions received a basic trophy. The new trophy was designed in Europe and is modeled along the lines of the champion trophies in the top European leagues. Regarding the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10612006", "score": "0.9839134", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "I-League Golden Boot", "text": "the latest was in 2015-16 when scoring leader Sunil Chhetri and his team, Bengaluru won the league. The following table is a list of winners of the I-League Golden Boot per season, detailing their club, goal tally, actual games played, and their strike rate (goals/games). Ever sense the beginning of the I-League in 2007, only one Indian player had been the I-League Golden Boot winner with Sunil Chettri winning the award in 2013-14 season. The following table lists the top Indian goalscorer in each season and their overall ranking in that season's top scorer table. I-League Golden Boot The I-League", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15976677", "score": "0.9827437", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "FIFA World Cup awards", "text": "the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup. While every World Cup had a ranking of the goalscorers, the first time an award was given was in 1982, under the name Golden Shoe. It was rechristened Golden Boot in 2010. FIFA sometimes lists the top goalscorers of previous Cups among the Golden Boot winners. If there is more than one player with the same number of goals, since 1994 the tie-breaker goes to the player without a penalty goal, if none has a penalty then the tie breaker goes to the person with more assists - with the FIFA Technical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6722002", "score": "0.96297204", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot", "text": "each season. Mehmood won the award for most number of times with 5 wins, all of them with WAPDA. Muhammad Rasool of K-Electric is the latest winner of the Golden Boot, his second. During the 2014–15 season, he scored 22 goals in 22 matches. As of the December 2018 six players have won the golden boot award. Only two player has won the award more than once with Mehmood winning the award most times with five wins. The following table is a list of winners of the I-League Golden Boot per season, detailing their club, goal tally, actual games played,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21010909", "score": "0.96046245", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "FIFA Women's World Cup awards", "text": "representatives of the media. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the \"Silver Ball\" and \"Bronze Ball\" awards as the second and third most outstanding players in the tournament respectively. The \"Golden Boot\" or \"Golden Shoe\" Award goes to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup. It was introduced at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup. If more than one player finishes the tournament with the same number of goals, the tie goes to the player who has contributed the most assists (with the FIFA Technical Study Group deciding whether an assist is to be counted as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17761641", "score": "0.9598557", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "CSL Golden Boot", "text": "CSL Golden Boot The Canadian Soccer League Golden Boot is an annual Canadian soccer award given to the top goalscorer for each season in the Canadian Soccer League. The Golden Boot has been awarded since 1998 when the league debuted as the Canadian Professional Soccer League. The highest ranked CSL Golden Boot goalscorer is Gus Kouzmanis with 33 goals during the league's inaugural season. Kouzmanis has also won the award the most times (2) during the 1998, and 2000 seasons. Players from nine countries, other than Canada, have won the Golden Boot including Croatia (Tihomir Maletic, 2010, Dražen Vuković, 2012,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11140938", "score": "0.9584224", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Premier League", "text": "issued annually for Manager of the Season, Player of the Season. and Goal of the Season. The Golden Boot award is given to the top goalscorer of every season, The Playmaker of the Season award is given to the player who make the most assists of every season and the Golden Glove award is given to the goalkeeper with the most clean sheets at the end of the season. From the 2017–18 season, players also receive a milestone award for 100 appearances and every century there after and also players who score 50 goals and multiples thereof. Each player to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "142737", "score": "0.9529147", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot", "text": "the most by any nation. Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot The Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot is an annual association football award presented by the Premier Soccer League to the leading goalscorer in the South African Premier Division. The award, colloquially known as the golden boot or PSL Golden Boot, has been presented since the inception of the post-apartheid format of the league in 1996. It was named in 2003 in honour of Lesley Manyathela, a South African international footballer and former recipient of the award who died in a motor vehicle collision in August of that year. Wilfred Mugeyi was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13070978", "score": "0.9493981", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot", "text": "Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot The Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot is an annual association football award presented by the Premier Soccer League to the leading goalscorer in the South African Premier Division. The award, colloquially known as the golden boot or PSL Golden Boot, has been presented since the inception of the post-apartheid format of the league in 1996. It was named in 2003 in honour of Lesley Manyathela, a South African international footballer and former recipient of the award who died in a motor vehicle collision in August of that year. Wilfred Mugeyi was the first recipient of the award", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13070975", "score": "0.94717586", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot", "text": "Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot The Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot is an annual Pakistani association football award given to the top goalscorer at the end of the Pakistan Premier League season, the top domestic league competition in club Football in Pakistan, since its creation in 2004. The top-scoring Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot winner is Kaleemullah Khan with 35 goals in a 30-game season with Muhammad Rasool holding the record when the league was an 22-game and 26-game season with 22 goals each and Arif Mehmood holding record when league was an 16-game and 18-game season with 20 goals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21010908", "score": "0.9470381", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot", "text": "and their strike rate (goals/games). Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot The Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot is an annual Pakistani association football award given to the top goalscorer at the end of the Pakistan Premier League season, the top domestic league competition in club Football in Pakistan, since its creation in 2004. The top-scoring Pakistan Premier League Golden Boot winner is Kaleemullah Khan with 35 goals in a 30-game season with Muhammad Rasool holding the record when the league was an 22-game and 26-game season with 22 goals each and Arif Mehmood holding record when league was an 16-game and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21010910", "score": "0.9456856", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "FAM Football Awards", "text": "M-League. Formerly known as Supermokh Most Valuable Player (2011), it is now known as \"Most Valuable Players Award\". The Golden Boot award is awarded to the top scorer of Malaysia Super League and Malaysia Premier League in that particular season. Formerly known as Most Favourite Coach (2005-07), it is now known as \"Best Coach Award\". Formerly known as Most Favourite Football Association (2005-06),it is now known as \"Best Football Association/Club Award This category no longer available since 2005-06 This category no longer available since 2005-06 Formerly known as Most Favourite Referee (2005-06),it is now known as \"Best Referee and in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10874546", "score": "0.94490206", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "W-League Golden Boot", "text": "W-League Golden Boot The W-League Golden Boot is an annual association football award presented to the leading goalscorer in the Australian W-League. The W-League was established in 2008 as the top tier of women's football in Australia. There have always been between seven and nine teams in the league (currently nine). The award is given to the top-scorer over the regular season (not including the finals series). The inaugural award was won by Leena Khamis of Sydney FC. Michelle Heyman has won the award twice, the only player to have done so. England's Jodie Taylor is the only foreigner to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19501758", "score": "0.94475025", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "W-League Golden Boot", "text": "have won the award. Khamis scored the fewest to win with seven. W-League Golden Boot The W-League Golden Boot is an annual association football award presented to the leading goalscorer in the Australian W-League. The W-League was established in 2008 as the top tier of women's football in Australia. There have always been between seven and nine teams in the league (currently nine). The award is given to the top-scorer over the regular season (not including the finals series). The inaugural award was won by Leena Khamis of Sydney FC. Michelle Heyman has won the award twice, the only player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19501759", "score": "0.9300433", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup awards", "text": "World Cup. If two or more players are tied on goals, the ranking is decided by the number of assists. If still tied, the players who played the least minutes are ranked first. The players who finish second and third are given the Silver Boot and Bronze Boot respectively. The top ten players were as follows: The adidas Golden Glove is given to the most outstanding goalkeeper at the FIFA World Cup. On 11 July 2014, the FIFA Technical Study Group announced the three-player shortlist for the Golden Glove award. The Hyundai Young Player Award is given to the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18154146", "score": "0.92901886", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Premier League Golden Boot", "text": "Premier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14552433", "score": "0.9284557", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "CSL Golden Boot", "text": "& Marin Vučemilović-Grgić 2014), Trinidad and Tobago (Kevin Nelson, 2001), England (Darren Tilley, 2002), Jamaica (Richard West, 2015), Northern Ireland (Paul Munster, 2004), United States (Aaron Byrd, 2005), Romania (Gabriel Pop, 2006), France (Guillaume Surot, 2014), and Ukraine (Sergiy Ivliev, 2016). The club with the most top goalscorers is the Toronto/Mississauga Olympians with 4 wins followed by London City, and the Trois-Rivières Attak with 2. Canadian Soccer League MVP Award CSL Golden Boot The Canadian Soccer League Golden Boot is an annual Canadian soccer award given to the top goalscorer for each season in the Canadian Soccer League. The Golden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11140939", "score": "0.92567027", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "I-League", "text": "I-League in the league's opening season and he has the most I-League championships at three. Mariano Dias and Khalid Jamil the only other Indian coach to win the I-League. The current head coaches in the I-League are: Season after season, players in the I-League compete for the golden boot title, which is awarded at the end of each season to the top scorer throughout the entire season. The most recent winners of the golden boot are Sunil Chhetri, Darryl Duffy, and Cornell Glenn, who all won the golden boot at the end of the 2013–14 season after scoring 14 goals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10612005", "score": "0.9201246", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "European Golden Shoe", "text": "European Golden Shoe The European Golden Shoe or Golden Boot is an award that is presented each season to the leading goalscorer in league matches from the top division of every European national league. The trophy is a sculpture of a football boot. From its inception in the 1967–68 season, the award, originally called \"Soulier d'Or\", which translates from French as \"Golden Shoe\" or \"Boot\", has been given to the top goalscorer in all European leagues that season, with a weighting in favour of the highest ranked leagues. Originally presented by \"L'Équipe\" magazine, it has been awarded by the European", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4729786", "score": "0.9190139", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Leeds Rhinos", "text": "handed out annually for achievements in rugby league by Rugby League World magazine. The Golden Boot is given, usually in December after the conclusion of all the year's matches, to the player adjudged to be the best in the world, as determined by a ballot of international media representatives. It was decided by the judges that Garry Schofield should be the winner in 1990, but unfortunately the sponsors of the Golden Boot backed out and the award was shelved. After a nine-year hiatus, League Publications Ltd, having bought Rugby League World, brought back the award in 1999. In 2011 they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3959185", "score": "0.91238165", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Premier League Golden Boot", "long_answer": "Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of goals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award, scoring 29 goals in 30 games in 2016–17 for a rate of 0.97.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "to win the Golden Boot, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of goals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award,", "short_answers": [ "shared" ] }

[ "Hon July Moyo" ]

[ { "title": "Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development (Zimbabwe)", "text": "The Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development is a government ministry, responsible for local government in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Hon July Moyo and the deputy minister is Sesel Zvidzai. It oversees:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Martin Moyo", "text": "In 2008 he was elected Councillor for Bulawayo's Ward 3. He retained this seat in the 2013 municipal elections and was elected Mayor of the City of Bulawayo. In 2014 Moyo was elected president of the Urban Councils Association of Zimbabwe (UCAZ). In 2015 Moyo was elected President of the Zimbabwe Local Government Authority (ZILGA). ZILGA is the umbrella or apex association which oversees UCAZ and ARDCZ ( Association of Rural District Councils of Zimbabwe). Martin Moyo Martin K. Moyo is the former Mayor of the City of Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. He was born on 30 December 1952, and is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19746034", "score": "1.1504326", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Elias Mudzuri", "text": "and also holds Masters in Public Administration from the University. Mudzuri is a member of the Movement for Democratic Change, the opposition party led by Morgan Tsvangirai. His election as mayor came about after Harare's citizens sued the national government for autonomous elections, required by the nation's constitution but never held. From 1999 forward, President Mugabe had appointed ministers of the national government to run local government in Harare, which was illegal under the constitution. Mudzuri defeated ZANU-PF candidate Amos Midzi in the March 2002 mayoral election by a large margin, receiving 262,275 votes against 56,796 votes for Midzi. Almost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10276855", "score": "1.1441534", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Ignatius Chombo", "text": "Ignatius Chombo Ignatius Morgen Chiminya Chombo (born 1 August 1952) was a Zimbabwean politician who was Minister of Finance in 2017. Previously he has served in the Cabinet of Zimbabwe as Minister of Home Affairs from 2015-17, Minister of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development from 2000-2015. During his time as Minister of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development, a forcible slum clearance operation, Operation Murambatsvina, was carried out. He claimed the operation was about restoring order. Chombo was nominated as ZANU-PF's candidate for the House of Assembly seat from Zvimba North, in Mashonaland West, in the March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11534501", "score": "1.1348367", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Elias Mudzuri", "text": "as Executive Mayor without pay, and locked him out of his office. His deputy mayor, Sekesai Makwavarara, was appointed as acting mayor by the central government. On 10 February 2009, Mudzuri was selected by Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai to sit as minister of Energy and Power Development in the unity coalition cabinet. Elias Mudzuri Elias Mudzuri is a Zimbabwean engineer and politician. Mudzuri was elected to a four-year term as Mayor of Harare, a city of 1.8 million, in March 2002. He was Acting president of Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T). Trained in Sierre Leone as a civil engineer, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10276857", "score": "1.1121085", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Muchadeyi Masunda", "text": "Muchadeyi Masunda Muchadeyi Masunda is a Zimbabwean businessman and politician. He was the mayor of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, elected in 2008. As chairman of 12 companies and director of two, the 59-year-old is also well known in Zimbabwean cricket, golf and tennis. He is a member of the Court of Arbitration for Sport based in Switzerland. A prominent businessman and lawyer, Masunda was elected unanimously by the Harare council on 2 July 2008 for a five-year term after Emmanuel Chiroto, an MDC member who was previously elected executive mayor by the MDC-majority council on 15 June, voluntarily", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12205463", "score": "1.1102589", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Giles Mutsekwa", "text": "Giles Mutsekwa Giles Mutsekwa (born 14 September 1948) is a Zimbabwean politician. He was appointed to the unity government as one of two co-ministers of Home Affairs by Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai in February 2009 and sworn into office on February 13. He concurrently served as secretary for Security and Intelligence of the MDC-T, and served as MP for Mutare North from 2000 to 2008. In 2010, he was reassigned and became Minister for Housing. Earlier in his political career, he was a member of Zimbabwe Unity Movement and the Manicaland Provincial Chairman. He also joined The Democratic Party and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13031935", "score": "1.1076208", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Francis Nhema", "text": "Francis Nhema Francis Nhema (born 17 April 1959) is a Zimbabwean politician, who served as Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment from 2013 to 2014. He previously was Minister of the Environment and Tourism. He is MP of the Shurugwi District. He was educated at Strathclyde University in Scotland. He benefited from the seizure of land from white farmers, taking over a 10 km² farm, Nyamanda, in the Karoi district about 200 km north of Harare, from farmer Chris Shepherd. During his tenure as Minister for the Environment, national parks have suffered greatly from poaching. He was elected on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10226363", "score": "1.1020808", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Jessie Majome", "text": "& Co. Legal Practitioners. She is a former Zimbabwe Deputy Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs and then Deputy Minister for Women's Affairs, Gender and Community Development (Zimbabwe)|Women's Affairs, Gender and Community Development.She was elected Councillor Ward 1 and Chairperson of Hwange Local Board in 2003 but was dismissed in 2004 by the ruling party Minister of Local Government for not obeying his directive to rescind her suspension of the board's Chief Executive Officer . Her urgent High Court challenge of her removal is still pending. She holds a Master of Laws (L.L.M.) University of South Africa 2004, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13066596", "score": "1.0996934", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Saviour Kasukuwere", "text": "of Parliament for Mount Darwin South Parliamentary Constituency since 2000. From 2005 until February 2009, he served as the Zimbabwean Deputy Minister of Youth Development and Employment Creation. Kasukuwere was Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment from 2009 to 2013. Following President Robert Mugabe's victory in the July 2013 presidential election, he moved Kasukuwere to the post of Minister of the Environment on 10 September 2013. President Mugabe moved Kasukuwere to the post of Minister of Local Government, Public Works and National Housing on 6 July 2015. In October 2017 the ministry was expanded to include Rural Development. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7144257", "score": "1.0974213", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Elias Mudzuri", "text": "Elias Mudzuri Elias Mudzuri is a Zimbabwean engineer and politician. Mudzuri was elected to a four-year term as Mayor of Harare, a city of 1.8 million, in March 2002. He was Acting president of Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T). Trained in Sierre Leone as a civil engineer, the mayor is a Fellow of the Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers. Before becoming mayor, he had worked in local government for fourteen years. He is married to Jabu Mudzuri, a Swazi national, and the couple have five children. Mr. Mudzuri was a Mason Fellow in the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10276854", "score": "1.0907611", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga", "text": "Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga is a Zimbabwean politician and former Minister of State in the Office of former vice-president of Zimbabwe Phelekezela Mphoko. Malinga's first entry into politics was in 2008 after she graduated from the University of Cape Town with a degree in Politics and Gender Studies. She was elected to the National Assembly of Zimbabwe to represent the Mazowe Central constituency in 2013. At that time she was 31 years old. She was subsequently appointed as Deputy Minister of Sports, Arts and Culture making her the youngest member of former President Robert Mugabe’s government. She is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20455339", "score": "1.0840763", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Saviour Kasukuwere", "text": "exile, he finally returned home. Saviour Kasukuwere Saviour Kasukuwere is a Zimbabwean politician who served in the government of Zimbabwe as Minister of Local Government, Rural Development and National Housing between October and November 2017. He was also the ZANU–PF party's national political commissar until December 2017. Before that he was Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment, and Minister of the Environment, Water and Climate. He has been a member of the Pan-African Parliament since 2004. He was Deputy Secretary of Youth Affairs in the Politburo of the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front and subsequently Secretary for the Commissariat.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7144260", "score": "1.0723821", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Nelson Chamisa", "text": "in Bulawayo, he was elected as the Party's Organising secretary, a post which previously belonged to Elias Mudzuri. In Parliament, he is a member of the portfolio committees of Defence and Home Affairs, Public Accounts, Gender and Youth and Transport and Communications. Chamisa is also a member of the Local Government, Public Works & Urban Development and the African Caribbean and Pacific Parliament. He is a former secretary-general of the Zimbabwe National Students Union. In March 2007 he was attacked at Harare International Airport as he attempted to leave the country for Belgium; he was admitted to a hospital with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9988756", "score": "1.0659561", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Muchadeyi Masunda", "text": "stood down from the mayoralty and accepted the position of deputy mayor, after allegations that his wife was captured and tortured by Zanu-PF youth. Masunda is the first non-MDC member to take office as mayor since before the election of Elias Mudzuri in 2002, and chooses not to be associated with any political party. Masunda was chief executive officer for Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe (ANZ), the parent company of \"The Daily News\", which was controversially banned by the government even after the court ruled that the newspaper should be allowed to resume operations. Critics, such as Masunda himself, claim that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12205464", "score": "1.0655394", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Herbert Murerwa", "text": "2017 Zimbabwe coup d'etat, announced the dissolution of the Zimbabwe Cabinet, leaving only Patrick Chinamasa and Simbarashe Mumbengegwi as acting ministers of Finance and Foreign Affairs respectively. Herbert Murerwa Herbert Muchemwa Murerwa (born 31 July 1941) is a Zimbabwean politician. He served as the Minister of Finance in the Government of Zimbabwe from 1996 to 2000, from August 2002 to February 2004, and again from 26 April 2004 to 6 February 2007. He has been Minister of Lands and Land Resettlement since February 2009. In a cabinet reshuffle on 9 February 2004, Murerwa was replaced as Finance Minister by his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5938095", "score": "1.0616701", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Simbarashe Mumbengegwi", "text": "Zimbabwe from the Midlands Province, and he was the Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of the House of Assembly from 1980 to 1981. He joined the Cabinet as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1981, serving in that position until 1982, when he became Minister of Water Resources and Development. Later in the same year, he was moved to the position of Minister of National Housing, in which position he remained for two years. He was then Minister of Public Construction and National Housing from 1984 to 1988 and Minister of Transport from 1988 to 1990. From 1981 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4926003", "score": "1.0609622", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ministry of Women's Affairs, Gender and Community Development (Zimbabwe)", "text": "Ministry of Women's Affairs, Gender and Community Development (Zimbabwe) The Ministry of Women's Affairs, Gender and Community Development is a government ministry, responsible for gender and community issues in Zimbabwe. The most recent minister was Olivia Muchena since February 13, 2009 and the deputy minister was Evelyn Masaiti. It was established in 2005 and was headed by Opa Muchinguri from its inception until January 3, 2009, when she was dismissed from office. Sithembiso Nyoni gained the portfolio of the office until Muchena was sworn into office. On 30 November, incumbent President Emmerson Mnangagwa appointed Sithembiso Nyoni as the minister for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13033185", "score": "1.0565872", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Jessie Majome", "text": "Jessie Majome Fungayi Jessie Majome (born 20 December 1971) is a Member of the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe for Harare West constituency on an MDC-T ticket elected 1st in 2008 and then in 2013. She is Chairperson of its Portfolio Committee on Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs. She is a member of the Parliamentary Legal Committee and the Portfolio Committee on Local Government Rural and Urban Development. Member of National Executive Committee of the Movement for Democratic Change Party (MDC-T) and its Secretary for Constitutional and Parliamentary Affairs. She is the founder and principal at Jessie Majome", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13066595", "score": "1.0551605", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Josiah Tungamirai", "text": "air chief marshal and serve as the commander of the Air Force of Zimbabwe. In 1992 Tungamirai was replaced by Perence Shiri as Air Force commander. In early 2004, Tungamirai was elected to parliament from Gutu North in a by-election. He was soon afterwards appointed to the Cabinet as Minister of State for Indigenisation and Empowerment on 9 February 2004. Following what anonymous members of Tungamirai's family said were problems with rejection of a kidney transplant carried out several years previously, Tungamirai was flown to a South African hospital for emergency treatment. He died there on 25 August 2005. After", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9982871", "score": "1.0551311", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ignatius Chombo", "text": "accusations of corruption and abuse of power during his tenure as Minister of Local Government, Public Works and Urban Development. Per the state prosecutor, he faces three counts of corruption, including attempt to defraud the Zimbabwean central bank in 2004. New charges of corruption were brought against him on 14 December. According to his lawyer Lovemore Madhuku, the case refers to accusations of illegally resettling people evicted by the government on privately owned land and then demanding bribe from the owner to make them leave. Ignatius Chombo Ignatius Morgen Chiminya Chombo (born 1 August 1952) was a Zimbabwean politician who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11534505", "score": "1.0517621", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Emmanuel Chiroto", "text": "Emmanuel Chiroto Emmanuel Chiroto is the deputy mayor of Harare, Zimbabwe. He is also a member of the Harare City Council. In the March 2008 election, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) won 45 of the 46 local council seats in Harare. Chiroto, who is a member of the MDC was elected as Mayor of Harare by the councillors on June 15. Ignatius Chombo, the Minister of Local Government, had not sworn in the new local administrations, and because the elected Harare councillors were not allowed to meet at Harare's Town House, they met elsewhere to elect Chiroto. On the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12109193", "score": "1.0517147", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Obedingwa Mguni", "text": "Obedingwa Mguni Obedingwa Mguni is a Zimbabwean Politician who has been a Member of Parliament since 2013 . He is the former Deputy Minister of Home Affairs in Zimbabwe (2015-2017), and the 9th Parliament of Zimbabwe’s ZANU PF Parliamentary Deputy Chief Whip. He is also ZANU PF’s Provincial Treasurer in Mat. South. He is also the chairperson of Democratisation, Good Governance and Human Rights in Southern African Development Community (SADC) Parliament. He was born on 1 December 1962, he is married to Hlalani Mguni (M. 1993) and together they have three children Doris, Bongani and Simphiwe. Mguni took part in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20119736", "score": "1.051165", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Lazarus Dokora", "text": "Lazarus Dokora Lazarus Dokora was the Zimbabwe Minister of Education, Sport and Culture. On November 27, 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe, announced the dissolution of the Zimbabwe Cabinet, leaving only Patrick Chinamasa and Simbarashe Mumbengegwi as acting ministers of Finance and Foreign Affairs respectively. Dokora was an MP from Rushinga National Assembly, before losing to Wonder Mashange in the general elections in 2013. He was appointed as the Minister of Primary and Secondary Education on November 30, 2017 by President Emmerson Mnangagwa. He was dropped by Mnangagwa as Minister for Primary and Secondary Education on 2", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13066801", "score": "1.0498884", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Saviour Kasukuwere", "text": "Saviour Kasukuwere Saviour Kasukuwere is a Zimbabwean politician who served in the government of Zimbabwe as Minister of Local Government, Rural Development and National Housing between October and November 2017. He was also the ZANU–PF party's national political commissar until December 2017. Before that he was Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment, and Minister of the Environment, Water and Climate. He has been a member of the Pan-African Parliament since 2004. He was Deputy Secretary of Youth Affairs in the Politburo of the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front and subsequently Secretary for the Commissariat. He has been the Member", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7144256", "score": "1.0482976", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Elton Mangoma", "text": "of Democrats and is expected to run as their presidential candidate at the 2018 Zimbabwean General Election. Mangoma has also served in the following posts: Elton Mangoma Elton Steers Mangoma is a Zimbabwean politician, who is a former Minister of Economic Planning and Investment Promotion. and member of the House of Assembly for Makoni North (MDC-T). He currently serves as the president of the Coalition of Democrats. A senior official in Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change, Mangoma was among the party's founding members in 1999. He was one of the country's first black chartered accountants. Before launching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13033355", "score": "1.0471241", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Joseph Chinotimba", "text": "all instilling fear into the hearts of some of Nyoka's militant sons. Chinotimba resigned as chief inspector of the municipal police at the Harare City Council in July 2008 to concentrate on his work in politics and business. Joseph Chinotimba Joseph Chinotimba (born 23 March 1958) is a Zimbabwean political figure. He rose to prominence during the invasions of white-owned commercial farms that started after the 2000 referendum in Zimbabwe. He is widely regarded as a militant ZANU-PF cadre with unquestionable allegiance to the old guard of the ruling party. He is the National Vice-Chairman of the Zimbabwe National Liberation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11535305", "score": "1.0450982", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga", "text": "well remembered for fighting against the corrupt tendencies of the then Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA) board which was led by Cathbert Dube. Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga Tabetha Kanengoni Malinga is a Zimbabwean politician and former Minister of State in the Office of former vice-president of Zimbabwe Phelekezela Mphoko. Malinga's first entry into politics was in 2008 after she graduated from the University of Cape Town with a degree in Politics and Gender Studies. She was elected to the National Assembly of Zimbabwe to represent the Mazowe Central constituency in 2013. At that time she was 31 years old. She was subsequently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20455340", "score": "1.0445148", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Francis Nhema", "text": "11 May 2007 to head the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. When the ZANU–PF–Movement for Democratic Change national unity government was sworn in on 13 February 2009, Nhema was included in the Cabinet as Minister of the Environment. Francis Nhema Francis Nhema (born 17 April 1959) is a Zimbabwean politician, who served as Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment from 2013 to 2014. He previously was Minister of the Environment and Tourism. He is MP of the Shurugwi District. He was educated at Strathclyde University in Scotland. He benefited from the seizure of land from white farmers, taking", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10226364", "score": "1.0422121", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Olivia Muchena", "text": "Olivia Muchena Olivia Nyembezi Muchena (born 18 August 1964) is a Zimbabwean politician and the former Minister of Higher Education in the Cabinet of Zimbabwe. She has also served as the Minister of Science and Technology Development and as the Minister of Women's Affairs. Muchena studied at Iowa State University and graduated with a PhD in agriculture and minors in social change and technology. During the late 1970s she was a faculty member at the University of Rhodesia. When Muchena started her career at the University of Zimbabwe in 1983, she held the positions of Deputy Dean and Senior Lecturer.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11534482", "score": "1.0413406", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development (Zimbabwe)", "long_answer": "The Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development is a government ministry, responsible for local government in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Hon July Moyo and the deputy minister is Sesel Zvidzai. It oversees:", "chunked_long_answer": "The Ministry of Local Government, Rural and Urban Development is a government ministry, responsible for local government in Zimbabwe. The incumbent minister is Hon July Moyo and the deputy minister is Sesel Zvidzai. It oversees:", "short_answers": [ "Hon July Moyo" ] }

[ "Los Angeles Chargers", "the Detroit Lions" ]

[ { "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "text": "The National Football League (NFL) on Thanksgiving Day is a traditional series of games played during the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States. It has been a regular occurrence since the league's inception in 1920. Currently, three NFL games are played every Thanksgiving. The first two are hosted by the Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys; a third game, with no fixed opponents, has been played annually since 2006.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2010 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "in their annual Thanksgiving Day game. The Cowboys trailed early with RB Chris Ivory getting a 3-yard TD run, followed by kicker Garrett Hartley getting a 50-yard field goal, and then by Ivory making a 6-yard TD run. The Cowboys cut the lead as kicker David Buehler got a 21-yard field goal, but the Saints replied as Hartley nailed a 45-yard field goal. The Cowboys tried to come back as Buehler hit a 53-yard field goal, followed by Miles Austin getting a 60-yard TD run. The Cowboys trailed further with Hartley making a 28-yard field goal, but took the lead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14196882", "score": "1.1021909", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "text": "home loss to the Arizona Cardinals 28–17 with backup QB Brandon Weeden. Romo returned in Week 9 to lead a 31–17 victory of the Jacksonville Jaguars which was played at Wembley Stadium in London, England as part of the NFL International Series. Dallas played their traditional Thanksgiving home game against division rival Philadelphia. Both teams were vying for first place in the division with identical 8–3 records. The Eagles got off to a fast start and the Cowboys were unable to catch up, losing 33–10. They would rebound the next week when they defeated Chicago 41–28. Week 15 was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106475", "score": "1.0752907", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Leon Lett", "text": "ESPN fan list, at #2 in the ESPN expert panel, #3 on \"Top 10 Foul-Ups\" (along with the Thanksgiving play), and #9 on \"Top 10 Worst Plays\". The second play occurred during the next season and was more serious as it resulted in a Cowboy defeat. On Thanksgiving Day in 1993, during a rare snow and sleet storm in Dallas, the Cowboys, who came into the game with a 7–3 record, were leading the 8–2 Miami Dolphins by a score of 14–13 with 15 seconds remaining in the game. The Dolphins sent kicker Pete Stoyanovich out to attempt a 41-yard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4534040", "score": "1.067107", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "text": "their regular blue jerseys for their Thanksgiving game, something they have not done at home since Schramm started the white-jersey-at-home tradition. With the Cowboys traditionally hosting Thanksgiving Day games, separate practice uniforms have been used for these games in recent years. Through the 2000 season, the Cowboys continued the usual practice of wearing white at home. In 2001, the Cowboys wore blue at home for the first time in years with was an older design of the blue jersey. Dallas would lose the game, but again wore the older blue jersey at home on Thanksgiving the next year and won.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106502", "score": "1.0614748", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2008 NFL season", "text": "Fox at 4:15 PM EST against the Seattle Seahawks (Dallas Cowboys defeated the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 34–9). A third game on NFL Network, featuring the Arizona Cardinals and the Philadelphia Eagles followed at 8:15 PM EST. It was the first home game for the Eagles on Thanksgiving Day since 1940, and their first Thanksgiving game at any location since the infamous Bounty Bowl Game in 1989; the Eagles defeated the Cardinals by a score of 48–20. (The Cardinals and Eagles would, two months later, rematch in the NFC Championship Game, with Arizona winning this time by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10379950", "score": "1.0610877", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "text": "time since 1963. In 2015, the Cowboys resurrected their 1994 white \"Double-Star\" jerseys only this time wore them with white pants as part of the league's \"Color Rush\", a trial run of specially-designed, monochromatic jerseys to be worn during Thursday games. It has remained a tradition for Dallas and Detroit to host the afternoon games dating back several decades. However, in recent years, other teams have expressed interest in hosting Thanksgiving games. Lamar Hunt, the former owner of the Chiefs (who had hosted Thanksgiving games from 1967–69 as an AFL team prior to the merger), lobbied heavily in favor of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131688", "score": "1.0596249", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "National Football League on television", "text": "Network package that season, with the exception of , when the Cowboys played the Green Bay Packers on week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The Cowboys and Detroit Lions were ineligible for appearing on the NFL Network, due to hosting Thanksgiving games every year. However, the Cowboys played a Thursday night game at the Chicago Bears in 2014, one week after both teams played on Thanksgiving, while the Lions hosted a Thursday night game against the Packers in 2015, one week after their traditional Thanksgiving game. The \"one Thursday game per team\" rule does not include the Kickoff Game, so", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4639850", "score": "1.0458049", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "text": "(and received) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever. Since 1978, Thanksgiving games have been hosted in Detroit and Dallas every year, with Detroit in the early time slot and Dallas in the late afternoon slot. Because of TV network commitments in place through the 2013 season, to make sure that both the AFC-carrying network (NBC from 1965 to 1997, and CBS since 1998) and the NFC-carrying network (CBS from 1956 to 1993, and Fox since 1994) got at least one game each, one of these games was between NFC opponents, and one featured AFC-NFC opponents.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131684", "score": "1.0332043", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "text": "home for Thanksgiving, which has since become an annual tradition. In 2017, the team initially announced that they will wear blue jerseys at home on a more regular basis, only to rescind soon after. In 2015, the Cowboys released their Color Rush uniform, featuring a variation of the 1990s \"Double Star\" alternates with white pants and socks. The uniform was first used in a Thanksgiving game against the Carolina Panthers and in subsequent \"Thursday Night Football\" games during the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The Cowboys also unveiled a navy uniform-white pants combination which was first used on December 10, 2017", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106497", "score": "1.0291312", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "text": "Thanksgiving. Westwood One most recently held national radio broadcast rights to all three games, with Compass Media Networks sharing rights to the Cowboys contest. (Under league rules, only radio stations that carry at least 12 Cowboys games in a season are allowed to carry the Compass broadcast.) The participating teams also air the games on their local flagship stations and regional radio networks. The Cowboys Thanksgiving game has regularly been the most watched NFL regular season telecast each year, with the Lions Thanksgiving game usually in the top five. NFL on Thanksgiving Day Since its inception in 1920, the National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131708", "score": "1.0281997", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "text": "for Thanksgiving), the calls for Detroit and Dallas to be removed have curtailed. \"Of current NFL franchises. This includes American Football League (AFL) games; however, it does not include All-America Football Conference (AAFC) games.\" The last currently active franchise to have never played on Thanksgiving through is the Jacksonville Jaguars, who joined the league in . An idiosyncrasy in the NFL's current scheduling formula, which has been in effect in its basic form since 2002, effectively prevented teams from the AFC North from playing the Lions or Cowboys on Thanksgiving, as the formula had the AFC North playing in Dallas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131692", "score": "1.0237862", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "American football on Thanksgiving", "text": "football games listed above are played on the Friday or Saturday after the holiday. Texas, as previously mentioned, has had more or less of a permanent spot on the night of the holiday itself since at least 2008. Professional football teams and leagues have played on Thanksgiving from the start, with pro leagues and teams having played on Thanksgiving since the 1890s. It carried over when Buffalo and Rochester, two members of the New York Pro Football League which had held its championship on Thanksgiving 1919, and the Ohio League, which traditionally held its marquee matchups on Thanksgiving, combined into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6553507", "score": "1.0209209", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2006 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "in regulation. Romo's five touchdown passes were the most ever for a Thanksgiving Day game. Stats On 27 November 2006, the Cowboys cut kicker Mike Vanderjagt and signed veteran Martin Gramatica in his place. Vanderjagt had made only 13 of 18 field goals in the season, well below his career average. With the win, the Cowboys improved to 7–4. The Cowboys extended their winning streak to four straight wins in a close game when newly signed place kicker Martin Gramatica kicked a 46-yard field goal with one second remaining. The Giants lost their fourth straight game and the Cowboys secured", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8725386", "score": "1.0202094", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2009 NFL season", "text": "team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 35–7. CBS televised this game on a regional basis as the Patriots were the \"visiting\" team. The Thanksgiving Day games were contested on Thursday, November 26, 2009. On Fox, Green Bay won over Detroit, 34–12. The Dallas Cowboys defeated the Oakland Raiders, 24–7 on CBS, and in the prime time NFL Network game, the Denver Broncos were victorious over the New York Giants, 26–6. The second regular-season game of the Bills Toronto Series, in which the Buffalo Bills play in the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, was played December 3 on Thursday Night Football, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11036380", "score": "1.0154717", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of the Dallas Cowboys", "text": "were unable to capitalize on their momentum as they dropped 3 out of their next 4 games. One of those losses was a tight 31–29 game to eventual Super Bowl XLVII Champions the Baltimore Ravens. They entered their annual Thanksgiving home game with a 5–5 record. Their opponent on Turkey Day this year was upstart division rival Washington whom was being led by rookie QB Robert Griffin III. The Redskins got off to a quick start leading 21–3 at halftime. Dallas fought back in the second half but it wasn't enough which led to 38–31 loss. The Cowboys won their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9860144", "score": "1.0135576", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1966 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "game. Every team turned down the offer, except for the Dallas Cowboys. General Manager Tex Schramm recognized this as an opportunity for the franchise to increase its popularity and establish its own Thanksgiving Day game tradition. In 1966, the Cowboys who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought a guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one (since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty). Since", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12098089", "score": "1.0131156", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2006 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "Romo botched the hold on a go-ahead field goal inside the final two minutes. When Romo started the Thanksgiving Day game against Tampa Bay, it marked the 7th different starting Cowboys quarterback in the last 7 Thanksgiving Day games (Troy Aikman, Ryan Leaf, Chad Hutchison, Quincy Carter, Drew Henson, Drew Bledsoe and Romo). This was Bill Parcells' final season as a head coach as he would go on to retire following the end of the season. During the 2006 offseason, the team signed several high-profile players, including kicker Mike Vanderjagt, linebacker Akin Ayodele, offensive linemen Jason Fabini and Kyle Kosier,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8725365", "score": "1.0130005", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "text": "With the 2002 victory, it seems an exception to the theory of the blue jersey jinx is invoked on Thanksgiving. Thus, the Cowboys continued wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving from 2003–2006, however it was always an older-styled alternate blue jersey. In 2007 and 2008, the Cowboys returned to wearing white at home for their Thanksgiving game. Since 2009, the Cowboys returned to wearing blue at home on Thanksgiving only. (From 2009–2012, the team again decided to go with an older-styled blue uniform as they had in previous years on Thanksgiving, and since 2013 have worn the newer-styled blue jersey.)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106503", "score": "1.0101672", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2014 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "Jones later claimed that the brief conversation had nothing to do with contract negotiations. With the 33-10 victory against Dallas, the Eagles are now 2-0 against the Cowboys on Thanksgiving Day and 6-0 overall for Thanksgiving games. Tony Romo's 38 game streak with at least one touchdown pass came to an end against Philadelphia. Romo's 38 game touchdown streak is the longest in franchise history and fifth longest in NFL history and the second-longest among active streaks, behind Peyton Manning's 50. Romo was 18 of 29 for 199 yards and 0 TD's in the loss. It was the fourth loss", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17736431", "score": "1.0059184", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2012 Washington Redskins season", "text": "Stadium to take on their hated rival the Dallas Cowboys for the 2012 edition of the annual Thanksgiving Day game. Washington had reason to be nervous, as they were 1–6 all-time on Thanksgiving, and 0–6 against Dallas. In the first, Washington got the ball first, but went three-and-out. After a Sav Rocca punt, Dallas had decent field position, and quickly reached the red zone. However, Washington's defense then stiffened, and held Dallas to a Dan Bailey 30-yard field goal. The teams then exchanged punts, and the first quarter concluded without any further scoring. In the second, Washington had the ball", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16185935", "score": "1.0044643", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "text": "team also required an extension to prevent a local television blackout. The Lions were routed by Tennessee 47–10, en route to the team's 0–16 season. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell confirmed that the Lions would stay on Thanksgiving for the 2009 season, but kept the issue open to revisit in the future. Conversely, the Dallas Cowboys, who typically represent a larger television draw, have had many fewer public calls to be replaced on Thanksgiving. One issue that has been debated is a perceived unfair advantage of playing at home on Thanksgiving. The advantage is given in the form of an extra", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131690", "score": "1.0041687", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Miracle at the Meadowlands", "text": "year, and the play would instead enter NFL lore as \"The Tackle II\". The play most directly analogous to the Miracle involved a player's, rather than a coach's, questionable decision that cost his team a game. On Thanksgiving Day 1993, the Cowboys were playing their customary holiday contest, this time against the visiting Dolphins, in sleet. As the clock ticked down, Dallas appeared to have won when it blocked a 41-yard Miami field goal. But as several Dolphins players were gathered around the ball, waiting for it to come to rest in order to down it as close as possible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5868544", "score": "1.0000083", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "1966 Dallas Cowboys season", "text": "then, the two \"traditional\" Thanksgiving Day pro football games have been in Detroit and Dallas. 1966 Dallas Cowboys season The 1966 Dallas Cowboys season was the seventh for the franchise in the National Football League. The Cowboys finished the regular season at 10–3–1, their first winning record as a franchise and first Eastern Conference title. They hosted the NFL Championship Game at the Cotton Bowl, but lost to the defending champion Green Bay Packers, who went on to win the first Super Bowl two weeks later. With the growth in popularity of televised NFL games, the league began looking for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12098090", "score": "0.99758965", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Dallas Cowboys", "text": "Cowboys resurrected their original 1960–1963 uniform on Thanksgiving Day. This uniform became the team's alternate or \"third jersey\" and was usually worn at least once a year, primarily Thanksgiving Day. Two exceptions were when the Cowboys wore their normal white uniforms on Thanksgiving in 2007 and 2008. While the team didn't wear the throwback uniform exactly on Thanksgiving Day in those two years, Dallas wore them on a date around Thanksgiving for those two years. In 2007 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November 29, 2007 against the Green Bay Packers. In 2008 Dallas wore the throwback uniform on November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106494", "score": "0.9939139", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2010 New Orleans Saints season", "text": "The Saints played the Thanksgiving Day game at Cowboys Stadium for an NFC duel against the Cowboys. The Saints commanded the first quarter with RB Chris Ivory getting a 3-yard TD run, followed by kicker Garrett Hartley getting a 50-yard field goal, and then by Ivory making a 6-yard TD run. The lead was narrowed as kicker David Buehler got a 21-yard field goal, but the Saints replied as Hartley nailed a 45-yard field goal. The lead was narrowed again as Buehler hit a 53-yard field goal, followed by Miles Austin getting a 60-yard TD run. The Saints scored with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14206630", "score": "0.9934927", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2008 Seattle Seahawks season", "text": "loss, Seattle fell to 2–9. Trying to snap a four-game losing streak, the Seahawks flew to Texas Stadium for a Week 13 Thanksgiving duel with the Dallas Cowboys. In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Cowboys QB Tony Romo completed a 16-yard TD pass to TE Martellus Bennett, along with RB Marion Barber getting a 2-yard TD run. The Seahawks would respond with kicker Olindo Mare getting a 44-yard field goal. In the second quarter, Dallas answered with Romo completing a 7-yard TD pass to TE Jason Witten, while Folk got a 41-yard field goal. Seattle would close out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11466736", "score": "0.9924507", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "National Football League on television", "text": "hosting an NFC team in even years and an AFC team in odd years, Dallas hosting an AFC team in even years and an NFC team in odd years. Detroit is always the early broadcast and Dallas the mid-afternoon broadcast. Following the introduction of \"Thursday Night Football\" in 2006, a third Thanksgiving game was added, a primetime game hosted by one of the remaining 30 NFL teams each year. While the first game featured two AFC teams, conference affiliation has varied since. Starting in 2012, the prime time Thanksgiving game has aired on NBC. Starting in 2014, changes to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4639909", "score": "0.9917195", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2007 New York Jets season", "text": "a fumble recovery, they were able to pressure Roethlisberger throughout the game, resulting in seven quarterback sacks, after having just nine in the team's first nine games. Coming off their home upset victory over the Steelers, the Jets flew to Texas Stadium for a Week 12 Thanksgiving interconference showdown with the Dallas Cowboys. This would be their first Thanksgiving Day appearance since 1985. In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Cowboys RB Marion Barber got a 7-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, Dallas increased its lead with QB Tony Romo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9902999", "score": "0.9895439", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "American football on Thanksgiving", "text": "American football on Thanksgiving American football is one of the many traditions in American culture that is associated with Thanksgiving Day. Virtually every level of football, from amateur and high school to college and the NFL (including the CFL on Canadian Thanksgiving), plays football on Thanksgiving Day (Thursday) or the immediately following holiday weekend (Friday, Saturday, and Sunday). Thanksgiving Day football games in the United States are nearly as old as the game—and the organized holiday—themselves. The first Thanksgiving Day football game took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on Thanksgiving Day of 1869, less than two weeks after Rutgers defeated Princeton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6553490", "score": "0.98552155", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "NFL on Thanksgiving Day", "long_answer": "The National Football League (NFL) on Thanksgiving Day is a traditional series of games played during the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States. It has been a regular occurrence since the league's inception in 1920. Currently, three NFL games are played every Thanksgiving. The first two are hosted by the Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys; a third game, with no fixed opponents, has been played annually since 2006.", "chunked_long_answer": "The National Football League (NFL) on Thanksgiving Day is a traditional series of games played during the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States. It has been a regular occurrence since the league's inception in 1920. Currently, three NFL games are played every Thanksgiving. The first two are hosted by the Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys; a third game, with no fixed opponents, has been played annually since 2006.", "short_answers": [ "the Detroit Lions" ] }

[ "foster global monetary cooperation", "secure financial stability", "to foster global monetary cooperation", "reduce poverty around the world", "facilitate international trade" ]

[ { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., of \"189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.\" Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "Bank, criticises these policies. He argues that by converting to a more monetarist approach, the purpose of the fund is no longer valid, as it was designed to provide funds for countries to carry out Keynesian reflations, and that the IMF \"was not participating in a conspiracy, but it was reflecting the interests and ideology of the Western financial community\". International politics play an important role in IMF decision making. The clout of member states is roughly proportional to its contribution to IMF finances. The United States has the greatest number of votes and therefore wields the most influence. Domestic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200736", "score": "1.0132234", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "evolved largely by way of changes in procedures rather than through the adoption of new obligations. The responsibilities changed from those of guardian to those of overseer of members' policies. The Fund typically analyses the appropriateness of each member country's economic and financial policies for achieving orderly economic growth, and assesses the consequences of these policies for other countries and for the global economy. In 1995 the International Monetary Fund began work on data dissemination standards with the view of guiding IMF member countries to disseminate their economic and financial data to the public. The International Monetary and Financial Committee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200688", "score": "0.98247707", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "International economics", "text": "have abandoned their national currencies in favour of the common currency of a currency area such as the \"\"eurozone\"\" and some, such as Denmark, have retained their national currencies but have pegged them at a fixed rate to an adjacent common currency. On an international scale, the economic policies promoted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have had a major influence, especially upon the developing countries. The IMF was set up in 1944 to encourage international cooperation on monetary matters, to stabilise exchange rates and create an international payments system. Its principal activity is the payment of loans to help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4868052", "score": "0.9653432", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. , the fund had SDR477 billion (about $666 billion). Through the fund, and other activities such as the gathering of statistics and analysis, surveillance of its members' economies and the demand for particular policies, the IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries. The organisation's objectives stated in the Articles of Agreement are: to promote international monetary co-operation, international trade, high employment, exchange-rate stability, sustainable economic growth, and making resources available to member countries", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200681", "score": "0.9624325", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "United States is the IMF's most powerful member, and its influence reaches even into decision-making concerning individual loan agreements. The United States has historically been openly opposed to losing what Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew described in 2015 as its \"leadership role\" at the IMF, and the United States' \"ability to shape international norms and practices\". Reforms to give more powers to emerging economies were agreed by the G20 in 2010. The reforms could not pass, however, until they were ratified by the US Congress, since 85% of the Fund's voting power was required for the reforms to take effect, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200739", "score": "0.96230125", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "capital outflows. Rather than maintaining a position of oversight of only exchange rates, their function became one of surveillance of the overall macroeconomic performance of member countries. Their role became a lot more active because the IMF now manages economic policy rather than just exchange rates. In addition, the IMF negotiates conditions on lending and loans under their policy of conditionality, which was established in the 1950s. Low-income countries can borrow on concessional terms, which means there is a period of time with no interest rates, through the Extended Credit Facility (ECF), the Standby Credit Facility (SCF) and the Rapid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200686", "score": "0.9563813", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "Financial Committee and the Development Committee. The International Monetary and Financial Committee has 24 members and monitors developments in global liquidity and the transfer of resources to developing countries. The Development Committee has 25 members and advises on critical development issues and on financial resources required to promote economic development in developing countries. They also advise on trade and environmental issues. The Board of Governors reports directly to the Managing Director of the IMF, Christine Lagarde. 24 Executive Directors make up the Executive Board. The Executive Directors represent all 189 member countries in a geographically based roster. Countries with large", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200709", "score": "0.95169306", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "United Nations", "text": "Fund) was created in 1946 to aid European children after the Second World War and expanded its mission to provide aid around the world and to uphold the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund (IMF) are independent, specialized agencies and observers within the UN framework, according to a 1947 agreement. They were initially formed separately from the UN through the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944. The World Bank provides loans for international development, while the IMF promotes international economic co-operation and gives emergency loans to indebted countries. The World Health Organization", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "435907", "score": "0.9494035", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "politics often come into play, with politicians in developing countries using conditionality to gain leverage over the opposition to influence policy. The IMF is only one of many international organisations, and it is a generalist institution that deals only with macroeconomic issues; its core areas of concern in developing countries are very narrow. One proposed reform is a movement towards close partnership with other specialist agencies such as UNICEF, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Jeffrey Sachs argues in \"The End of Poverty\" that the IMF and the World Bank have \"the brightest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200737", "score": "0.9468484", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "rates secured at rates that could be adjusted only to correct a \"fundamental disequilibrium\" in the balance of payments, and only with the IMF's agreement. Some members have a very difficult relationship with the IMF and even when they are still members they do not allow themselves to be monitored. Member countries of the IMF have access to information on the economic policies of all member countries, the opportunity to influence other members' economic policies, technical assistance in banking, fiscal affairs, and exchange matters, financial support in times of payment difficulties, and increased opportunities for trade and investment. The Board", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200707", "score": "0.94312304", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Gita Gopinath", "text": "In October 2018, Gita Gopinath was appointed chief economist of the International Monetary Fund. Gita Gopinath is the John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and of Economics at Harvard University. She is co-director of the International Finance and Macroeconomics program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, a member of the economic advisory panel of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Economic Adviser to the Chief Minister of Kerala state (India), a co-editor at the American Economic Review, co-editor of the current Handbook of International Economics and was managing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16223850", "score": "0.9397265", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "James Vreeland", "text": "intermediate regimes. His research is most known for its treatment of international institutions, particularly the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the United Nations Security Council. His first book, entitled \"The IMF and Economic Development\" (Cambridge University Press, March 2003), was critically and favorably reviewed by several scholars. He has more recently published an introductory book about the IMF, entitled \"The International Monetary Fund: Politics of Conditional Lending\" (Routledge, January 2007), which was carefully critiqued in a 20-page review by the deputy director of the IMF’s External Relations Department. He is also the co-editor of \"Globalization and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9183432", "score": "0.9372796", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Global financial system", "text": "institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Collectively referred to as the Bretton Woods institutions, they became operational in 1947 and 1946 respectively. The IMF was established to support the monetary system by facilitating cooperation on international monetary issues, providing advisory and technical assistance to members, and offering emergency lending to nations experiencing repeated difficulties restoring the balance of payments equilibrium. Members would contribute funds to a pool according to their share of gross world product, from which emergency loans could be issued. Member states were authorized and encouraged to employ capital", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1826791", "score": "0.93223345", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Political positions of Noam Chomsky", "text": "According to Chomsky, a primary ploy has been the co-opting of the global economic institutions established at the end of World War II, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which have increasingly adhered to the \"Washington Consensus\", requiring developing countries to adhere to limits on spending and make structural adjustments that often involve cutbacks in social and welfare programs. IMF aid and loans are normally contingent upon such reforms. Chomsky claims that the construction of global institutions and agreements such as the World Trade Organization, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the North American Free", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7058063", "score": "0.9296855", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Foreign internal defense", "text": "such as Brazil, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa) could play a vital role in brokering consensus on a wide range of intractable political and security issues. The G-20 has already established itself as a key voice in global economic policy, and with an elevated profile it could address political and security affairs as well. Especially poor nations are under a crushing debt load, and international organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund have worked on debt relief, within a well-managed economic framework, to allow those countries to reallocate funds from debt service to development activities.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11207118", "score": "0.9292974", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund Managing Director 2011 election", "text": "announced formal candidates were Agustín Carstens, Mexico´s Central Bank Governor, and Christine Lagarde, France´s Minister of Finance. The statements and resumes of the candidates present their personal backgrounds and their perspectives on the role of the IMF. The election was won by Christine Lagarde. International Monetary Fund Managing Director 2011 election International Monetary Fund Managing Director 2011 election The selection process for the new Managing Director of the IMF in 2011 presents characteristics that have never been seen. The balance of power that held the unwritten rule that assigned the leading position of the IMF to a European seems to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15646609", "score": "0.92842627", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in the United States, to discuss a framework for postwar international economic co-operation and how to rebuild Europe. There were two views on the role the IMF should assume as a global economic institution. American delegate Harry Dexter White foresaw an IMF that functioned more like a bank, making sure that borrowing states could repay their debts on time. Most of White's plan was incorporated into the final acts adopted at Bretton Woods. British economist John Maynard Keynes imagined that the IMF would be a cooperative fund upon which member states could draw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200695", "score": "0.92776215", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "a shareholder-controlled organisation: wealthy countries have more say in the making and revision of rules. Since decision making at the IMF reflects each member's relative economic position in the world, wealthier countries that provide more money to the IMF have more influence than poorer members that contribute less; nonetheless, the IMF focuses on redistribution. Quotas are normally reviewed every five years and can be increased when deemed necessary by the Board of Governors. IMF voting shares are relatively inflexible: countries that grow economically have tended to become under-represented as their voting power lags behind. Currently, reforming the representation of developing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200715", "score": "0.92657274", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Global financial system", "text": "rates through macroeconomic policy. The post-Bretton Woods system was decentralized in that member states retained autonomy in selecting an exchange rate regime. The amendment also expanded the institution's capacity for oversight and charged members with supporting monetary sustainability by cooperating with the Fund on regime implementation. This role is called IMF surveillance and is recognized as a pivotal point in the evolution of the Fund's mandate, which was extended beyond balance of payments issues to broader concern with internal and external stresses on countries' overall economic policies. Under the dominance of flexible exchange rate regimes, the foreign exchange markets became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1826804", "score": "0.9254315", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "London Gold Pool", "text": "of the gold bull market which saw the price of gold appreciate rapidly to US$850 in 1980. In July 1944, before the conclusion of World War II, delegates from the 44 allied nations gathered in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to reestablish and regulate the international financial systems. The meeting resulted in the founding of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and was followed by other post-war reconstruction efforts, such as establishing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The IMF was charged with the maintenance of a system of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14018660", "score": "0.9212866", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "global growth and economic stability by providing policy, advice and financing the members, by working with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. The rationale for this is that private international capital markets function imperfectly and many countries have limited access to financial markets. Such market imperfections, together with balance-of-payments financing, provide the justification for official financing, without which many countries could only correct large external payment imbalances through measures with adverse economic consequences. The IMF provides alternate sources of financing. Upon the founding of the IMF, its three primary functions were: to oversee the fixed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200683", "score": "0.9171796", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "Taylor was Under Secretary of the US Treasury for International Affairs. The new Framework became fully operational in February 2003 and it was applied in the subsequent decisions on Argentina and Brazil. Its purpose was to place some sensible rules and limits on the way the IMF makes loans to support governments with debt problem—especially in emerging markets—and thereby move away from the bailout mentality of the 1990s. Such a reform was essential for ending the crisis atmosphere that then existed in emerging markets. The reform was closely related to, and put in place nearly simultaneously with, the actions of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200720", "score": "0.9139657", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "in financial difficulty. IMF funds come from two major sources:quotas and loans. Quotas, which are pooled funds of member nations, generate most IMF funds. The size of a member's quota depends on its economic and financial importance in the world. Nations with larger economic importance have larger quotas. The quotas are increased periodically as a means of boosting the IMF's resources. The current Managing Director (MD) and Chairwoman of the International Monetary Fund is noted French lawyer and former politician, Christine Lagarde, who has held the post since 5 July 2011. According to the IMF itself, it works to foster", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200682", "score": "0.9112445", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Group of 24", "text": "Monetary and Financial Committee and the Joint Development Committee of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The plenary G-24 meetings are addressed by the heads of the IMF and the World Bank Group as well as by senior officials of the UN system. Issues are first discussed by the Deputies and culminate at the Ministerial level by the approval of a document that sets out the consensus views of member countries. The Ministerial document is released as a public Communiqué at a press conference held at the end of the meetings. Decision-making within the G-24 is by consensus.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4926010", "score": "0.9108924", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Indonesia and the International Monetary Fund", "text": "Indonesia and the International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has historically had a large presence in Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest economy. During the Suharto era of the 1960s to 1990s the IMF enjoyed an active presence in the Indonesian economy and politics gaining influence through political sympathizers and technocrats within the Indonesian government. The early years of the Suharto era saw economic growth and modernization in a country that had only recently gained independence form Dutch colonialists. However, as the country modernized and growth slowed corruption became even more rampant particularly amongst the inner circle of the regime.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21007441", "score": "0.9094012", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dominique Strauss-Kahn", "text": "replacement of the dollar as the world's reserve currency. An IMF report from January 2011 called for a stronger role for special drawing rights (SDR) in order to stabilize the global financial system. According to the report, an expanded role for SDRs could help to stabilize the international monetary system. Furthermore, for most countries (except for those using the US dollar as their currency) there would be several advantages in switching the pricing of certain assets, such as oil and gold, from dollars to SDRs. For some commentators that amounts to a call for a \"new world currency that would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4835048", "score": "0.90824234", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Indonesia and the International Monetary Fund", "text": "by a stronger power but over dominance. The Central bank has limits on its power but the agreement of the IMF in its actions gave it credibility. The IMF had given a positive assessment of the Indonesian economy a few months prior and suggested to improve existing rigid labor laws and reduce the influence of state-owned companies to improve the flow of foreign investment. Indonesia and the International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has historically had a large presence in Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest economy. During the Suharto era of the 1960s to 1990s the IMF enjoyed an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21007449", "score": "0.9080166", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "International Monetary Fund", "text": "argues that this system institutionalises global inequality between western countries and the Majority World in a form of global apartheid, in which the IMF is a key pillar. The establishment of globalised economic institutions has been both a symptom of and a stimulus for globalisation. The development of the World Bank, the IMF regional development banks such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and multilateral trade institutions such as the WTO signals a move away from the dominance of the state as the primary actor analyzed in international affairs. Globalization has thus been transformative in terms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "200725", "score": "0.90797997", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Financial sector development", "text": "development. To effectively reassess and re-implement financial policies, publications such as Global Financial Development Report (GFDR) by the World Bank and Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) by the IMF can play an important role. The Global Financial Development Report, a new initiative by the World Bank, highlights issues that have come to the forefront after the crisis and presents policy recommendation to strengthen systems and avoid similar crisis in the future. By gathering data and knowledge on financial development around the world, the GFDR report aims to put into spotlight issues of financial development and hopes to present analysis and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6393587", "score": "0.9024583", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "International Monetary Fund", "long_answer": "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., of \"189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.\" Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. As of 2016, the fund had SDR477 billion (about $668 billion).", "chunked_long_answer": "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., of \"189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.\" Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries", "short_answers": [ "facilitate international trade", "foster global monetary cooperation", "reduce poverty around the world", "secure financial stability", "to foster global monetary cooperation" ] }

[ "1977", "May 25, 1977" ]

[ { "title": "List of Star Wars films and television series", "text": "The Star Wars films include two complete trilogies: the original trilogy released between 1977 and 1983, and the prequel trilogy released between 1999 and 2005. A third trilogy that follows the first two began in 2015. Other films have taken or will take place between the trilogy films. There have also been several Star Wars television series and films, with the first being released in 1978.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "the first of these films and saw its theatrical release in 2012. However, due to \"\", Lucas delayed the releases of the rest of the saga. While both \"\" and \"\" 3D versions were screened at the 2013 and 2015 \"Star Wars\" Celebration, Lucas never released the original trilogy in 3D before Disney bought the franchise in December 2012. \"Star Wars\" remains one of the most financially successful films of all time. The film opened on a Wednesday in 32 theaters expanding to 43 screens on the Friday and earning $2,556,418 in its first six days to the end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630898", "score": "1.0891287", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "broke pre-sales records in the UK, Canada, and Germany. The film is the first live-action \"Star Wars\" film not to be released theatrically by 20th Century Fox; accordingly the film is not introduced with either that company's logo, or its signature fanfare composed by Alfred Newman. Instead, the film is the first in the series to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Shortly following Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm, the studio had indicated that the then-untitled film would be released under the \"Disney|Lucasfilm\" branding, similar to the branding used for \"Star Wars Rebels\", and akin to the \"Disney·Pixar\" co-branding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11305826", "score": "1.0848811", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Making of Star Wars", "text": "Kurtz, and castmembers Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Harrison Ford, and Alec Guinness. Among the behind-the-scenes footage is a brief glimpse of a deleted scene between Luke Skywalker and Biggs Darklighter on Tatooine. The special was the first \"Star Wars\" material to be released to the home video market (in 1979, by Magnetic Video). It was reissued to video in 1980 with a trailer for \"The Empire Strikes Back\", which had been released that year. This trailer was not featured on the DVD box set issued in 2004. In 1982, it was reissued again by 20th Century Fox on VHS, Betamax,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6614840", "score": "1.0838765", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "(2005). \"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\" was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14, 2015, before its wide release in the United States on December 18. The film received positive reviews, with praise for its acting, screenplay, direction, musical score, visual effects, and action sequences, although it received some criticism for being derivative of the original trilogy. The film and became, unadjusted for inflation, the highest-grossing installment in the franchise, the highest-grossing film in North America, the highest-grossing film of 2015, and the third-highest-grossing film of all time,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11305776", "score": "1.0716963", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "THX", "text": "the very first film to show THX was \"Return of the Jedi\", in its theatrical debut on May 25, 1983. THX had certified home media releases beginning in 1993 with \"The Abyss\" on Laserdisc, 1995 with the original \"Star Wars\" Trilogy on VHS, and 1997 on DVD. In 2000, based on the long-lasting \"Broadway\" trailer, a new trailer called \"Broadway 2000\" could be seen in theaters and DVDs. The \"Broadway\" trailer on the DVD releases has a lower-pitched Deep Note, while the VHS/Laserdisc logo has a higher-pitched Deep Note that was similar to the \"Wings\" logo from its theatrical debut", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1466324", "score": "1.060757", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "and Trappola mortale (\"Deadly trap\", the \"Falcon\" being captured by the Death Star). \"Star Wars\" debuted on Betamax, CED, LaserDisc, Video 2000, and VHS between the 1980s and 1990s by CBS/Fox Video. The final issue of the original theatrical release (pre-Special Edition) to VHS format occurred in 1995, as part of \"Last Chance to Own the Original\" campaign, available as part of a trilogy set and as a standalone purchase. The film was released for the first time on DVD on September 21, 2004, in a box set with \"The Empire Strikes Back\", \"Return of the Jedi\", and a bonus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630893", "score": "1.0579381", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)", "text": "Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a 2008 American 3D animated science fiction action-adventure film set within the \"Star Wars\" universe, leading into a produced by Lucasfilm Animation. The film is set during the three-year time period between the films \"\" (2002) and \"\" (2005), and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, who also holds the home media distribution rights to this film, even after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012. The film premiered on August 10, 2008 at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, while screening in wide-release on August 14, 2008 across Australia, and August", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11559055", "score": "1.052927", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "first film of Disney, the third film of 2015 and the fifth film overall to achieve this feat. It topped the international box office chart for five consecutive weekends, becoming the first film since \"\" to have five straight wins, before being dethroned by \"The Revenant\" in its sixth weekend. In Japan, it topped the box office for six straight weekends. On February 5, the fiftieth day of release, \"The Force Awakens\" became the first film to earn over $900 million, unadjusted for inflation, in the United States and Canada. On the following day, it became the third film in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11305854", "score": "1.0483137", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace", "text": "widescreen Collector's Edition version. In its first two days of availability, the regular version sold 4.5 million copies and the limited edition sold 500,000. It was the first \"Star Wars\" film to be officially released on DVD, on October 16, 2001, in a slightly extended cut from the theatrical release. The special features included seven deleted scenes completed specifically for the DVD, a commentary track featuring Lucas and producer Rick McCallum, and several documentariesincluding a full-length documentary entitled \"The Beginning: Making Episode I\". \"The Phantom Menace\" became the fastest selling DVD ever in the U.S.; 2.2 million copies were sold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "613040", "score": "1.0452063", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", "text": "was released in the United States on December 15, 2017. It grossed over $1.3billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 2017, the seventh-highest-ever grossing film in North America and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time during its theatrical run. It is also the second-highest-grossing film of the \"Star Wars\" franchise, and turned a net profit of over $417 million. It was positively received by film critics, who praised the ensemble cast, visual effects, musical score, action sequences and emotional weight. The film received four nominations at the 90th Academy Awards, including Best Original Score and Best Visual Effects, as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18293480", "score": "1.0424305", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", "text": "its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 9, 2017. The European premiere was held at London's Royal Albert Hall on December 12, 2017, with a red carpet event. It was reported that Disney had placed notable conditions on U.S. cinemas screening \"The Last Jedi\", which some operators described as onerous. Disney required that the film be screened in a cinema's largest auditorium for a four-week period (other Disney releases have had similar clauses, but only for two weeks), and was given a 65% cut of ticket sales (a percentage higher than the 55–60% average of other major films, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18293503", "score": "1.0406518", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "18, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It was released in India on December 25 and in China on January 9, 2016. In North America, it had the widest release of December across 4,134 theaters of which 3,300 were 3D locations, a record 392 IMAX screens (13 of which were 70mm), 451 premium large format screens, 146 D-Box locations, as well as releasing in the Dolby Vision format (High dynamic range, Rec. 2020 color) in Dolby Cinema. Worldwide, it was released across 940 IMAX theaters, a new record. On December 18, 2015, the film began playing on every IMAX screen in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11305822", "score": "1.0398877", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "\"Jurassic Park\", Lucas claimed that digital technology had caught up to his \"original vision\" for \"Star Wars\". For the film's 20th anniversary in 1997, \"Star Wars\" was digitally remastered and re-released to movie theaters, along with \"The Empire Strikes Back\" and \"Return of the Jedi\", under the campaign title \"Star Wars Trilogy: Special Edition\". This version of the film runs 124 minutes. The \"Special Edition\" contains visual shots and scenes that were unachievable in the original release due to financial, technological, and time constraints; one such scene involves a meeting between Han Solo and Jabba the Hutt. The process of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630888", "score": "1.0395688", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "aesthetically significant\". At the time, it was the most recent film on the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s. In 2005, the British Film Institute included it in their list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. Its soundtrack was added to the U.S. National Recording Registry in 2004. Today, it is regarded as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures. It launched an industry of tie-in products, including spin-off TV series, novels, comic books, video games, amusement park attractions, and merchandise including toys, games, and clothing.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630803", "score": "1.0381912", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "selected by the Writers Guild of America as the 68th greatest of all time. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress named \"Star Wars\" among its first selections to the National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"; at the time, it was the most recent film to be selected and it was the only film from the 1970s to be chosen. Although Lucas declined to provide the Library with a workable copy of the original film upon request (instead offering the Special Edition), a viewable scan was made of the original copyright deposit print. The soundtrack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630928", "score": "1.0352302", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", "text": "the film to be $417.5 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the most profitable release of 2017. On December 31, 2017, its 17th day of release, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the fourth film of 2017, the fifteenth Disney film, the fourth \"Star Wars\" film and the thirty-second film overall to pass the mark. The film was the highest-grossing film of 2017, the second highest-grossing film in the franchise (behind \"The Force Awakens\"), the fourth highest-grossing film released by Walt Disney Studios, the sixth highest-grossing film in North America and the ninth-highest-grossing film of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18293509", "score": "1.0325556", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "text": "Cannes Film Festival]].]] \"Solo: A Star Wars Story\" had its world premiere on May 10, 2018 at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Los Angeles, and also screened on May 15, 2018 at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. The film debuted in selected countries on May 23 and had its US release on May 25, 2018, the 41st anniversary of the release of the original \"Star Wars\" film (later renamed \"A New Hope\" to distinguish the film from the series), in which [[Harrison Ford]] first appeared as Han Solo. A \"sneak peek\" TV spot was released during [[Super Bowl LII]] on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19825987", "score": "1.0304376", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "text": "\"Solo\" is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"Solo\" had its world premiere in Los Angeles on May 10, 2018, and was screened at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival on May 15, 2018. It was released in the United States on May 25, 2018, in RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. \"Solo\" received generally favorable reviews from critics who praised the film's acting performances (particularly Ehrenreich and Glover), visuals, musical score, and action sequences, while some felt its storyline was predictable. The film is the first in the \"Star Wars\" franchise to be considered a box-office bomb, grossing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19825963", "score": "1.0302444", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", "text": "of films announced after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012. It was produced by Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman, with \"Force Awakens\" director J. J. Abrams as an executive producer. John Williams, composer for the previous films, returned to compose the score. A number of scenes were filmed at Skellig Michael in Ireland during pre-production in September 2015, but principal photography began at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom in February 2016, and ended in July 2016. Post-production wrapped in September 2017. \"The Last Jedi\" had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 9, 2017, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18293479", "score": "1.0299225", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Return of the Jedi", "text": "\"\". All three films in the original unaltered \"Star Wars\" trilogy were later released, individually, on DVD on September 12, 2006. These versions were originally slated to only be available until December 31, 2006, although they remained in print until May 2011 and were packaged with the 2004 versions again in a new box set on November 4, 2008. Although the 2004 versions in these sets each feature an audio commentary, no other extra special features were included to commemorate the original cuts. The runtime of the 1997 Special Edition of the film and all subsequent releases is approximately five", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "612440", "score": "1.0280962", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Return of the Ewok", "text": "said by Davis to have been frequently shown to only close family, friends, and colleagues. Despite viewings of the film by those close to him, he had never shown the film publicly, and many fans had never even heard of it until 1996, when Davis mentioned it in an interview for the \"Star Wars Insider\" magazine. Davis publicly screened the film at the first \"Star Wars Celebration\" in 1999, and was also screened at Celebration II in 2002, and at Celebration III in 2005. The original 16 mm print was said to be lost; according to Davis, his VHS copy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5465915", "score": "1.0277982", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "George Lucas", "text": "anniversary of \"Star Wars,\" Lucas returned to the original trilogy and made numerous modifications using newly available digital technology, releasing them in theaters as the \"Star Wars Special Edition\". For DVD releases in 2004 and Blu-ray releases in 2011, the trilogy received further revisions to make them congruent with the prequel trilogy. Besides the additions to the \"Star Wars\" franchise, Lucas released a \"Director's Cut\" of \"THX 1138\" in 2004, with the film re-cut and containing a number of CGI revisions. The first \"Star Wars\" prequel was finished and released in 1999 as \"\", which would be the first film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "149951", "score": "1.027609", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "of Pixar-produced films released by Walt Disney Pictures. Ultimately, Disney's logo was largely absent from the film's marketing—but nonetheless, appeared on merchandise and the startup sequences of \"Star Wars\" smartphone games—and the film is presented with only Lucasfilm's production logo shown silently before the main titles; Disney chairman Bob Iger explained the change by saying it was \"for the fans\". Disney backed \"The Force Awakens\" with extensive marketing campaigns. On November 28, 2014, Lucasfilm released an 88-second teaser trailer. It was screened in selected cinemas across the United States and Canada and in theaters worldwide in December 2014. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11305827", "score": "1.0262702", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones", "text": "Spain and Italy. It was one of the first motion pictures shot completely on a high-definition digital 24-frame system. The film was released in the United States on May 16, 2002. It received mixed reviews, with some critics hailing it as an improvement over its predecessor \"The Phantom Menace\" and others considering it the worst installment of the franchise. Although the visual effects, costume design, musical score, action sequences and McGregor's performance as Obi-Wan Kenobi were all praised, the romance of Padmé and Anakin, the dialogue, the screenplay and the film's long runtime were all criticized. The film was a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "614580", "score": "1.0260823", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)", "text": "with supervision by Lionel Newman. John Williams himself took over duties as record producer from \"Star Wars\" creator George Lucas. The soundtrack was first released in the United States as a 75-minute double LP five days before the film's premiere but the first Compact Disc release ran only half the length of the 2-LP set. Re-recordings of the score even included music that was not on the original CD soundtrack. A remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on May 4, 2018. In 1980, the disco label RSO Records released the film's original soundtrack in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7833386", "score": "1.0260458", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace", "text": "between April 30 and May 2, 1999. The teaser trailer was released on selected screens accompanying \"Meet Joe Black\" on November 13, 1998, and media reported that people were paying full admission at theaters to see the trailer. To keep fans from leaving before the movie was over, some theaters played the teaser an additional time after the film finished. A second trailer was released on March 12, 1999, with the film \"Wing Commander\". Again, many fans paid full theater admission to watch the new trailer. A bootlegged version of the preview was leaked to the Internet the same day.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "613036", "score": "1.0260379", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "The Empire Strikes Back", "text": "Jedi\", which was released in 1983. In 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States' National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\". Three years after the destruction of the Death Star, the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia, has set up a new base on the ice planet of Hoth. The Imperial fleet, led by Darth Vader, continues to hunt for the new Rebel base by dispatching probe droids across the galaxy. Luke Skywalker is captured by a wampa while investigating one such probe, but manages to escape from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "651572", "score": "1.0248243", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Star Wars (film)", "text": "of 100 (based on 24 reviews), indicating \"universal acclaim\". In his 1997 review of the film's 20th anniversary release, Michael Wilmington of the \"Chicago Tribune\" gave the film four out of four stars, saying, \"A grandiose and violent epic with a simple and whimsical heart.\" A \"San Francisco Chronicle\" staff member described the film as \"a thrilling experience.\" In 2001 Matt Ford of the BBC awarded the film five out of five stars and wrote, \"\"Star Wars\" isn't the best film ever made, but it is universally loved.\" CinemaScore reported that audiences for \"Star Wars\"s 1999 re-release gave the film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "630906", "score": "1.0213029", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "text": "Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the original trilogy films \"The Empire Strikes Back\" (1980) and \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983), rewrote an initial script by Michael Arndt. John Williams, the composer for the previous six films, returned to compose the film's score. Lucas served as creative consultant during the film's early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with principal photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom, and concluded in November 2014. It is the first live-action \"Star Wars\" film since \"\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11305775", "score": "1.0197192", "original_retrieval_index": 45 } ]

{ "title": "List of Star Wars films and television series", "long_answer": "The Star Wars films include two complete trilogies: the original trilogy released between 1977 and 1983, and the prequel trilogy released between 1999 and 2005. A third trilogy that follows the first two began in 2015. Other films have taken or will take place between the trilogy films. There have also been several Star Wars television series and films, with the first being released in 1978.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Star Wars films include two complete trilogies: the original trilogy released between 1977 and 1983, and the prequel trilogy released between 1999 and 2005. A third trilogy that follows the first two began in 2015. Other films have taken or will take place between the trilogy films. There have also been several Star Wars television series and films, with the first being released in 1978.", "short_answers": [ "1977" ] }

[ "Buffalo Bill" ]

[ { "title": "Ted Levine", "text": "After his breakout role in The Silence of the Lambs (as primary antagonist Buffalo Bill), there was a period where he was typecast in villainous roles. Levine was able to remedy this by playing more positive characters, such as a member of Al Pacino's police unit in Heat, astronaut Alan Shepard in the HBO mini-series From the Earth to the Moon, and Paul Walker's police superior Sergeant Tanner in The Fast and the Furious. In the drama Georgia, he played Mare Winningham's husband, one of his most sympathetic roles. His résumé also includes an uncredited role as the voice of", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "was then offered the part based on his performance in \"The Elephant Man\". Other actors considered for the role included Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Dustin Hoffman, Derek Jacobi and Daniel Day-Lewis. Gene Hackman was originally going to play Jack Crawford, the Agent-in-Charge of the Behavioral Science Unit of the FBI in Quantico, Virginia but he found the script \"too violent.\" Scott Glenn was then cast in the role. To prepare for the role, Glenn met with John E. Douglas, after whom the character is modeled. Douglas gave Glenn a tour of the Quantico facility and also played for him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404972", "score": "1.0983617", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)", "text": "as Jesse Pinkman on \"Breaking Bad\". In its original broadcast, \"Silence of the Lamb\" received 2.84 million viewers, ranking 98 of 107 in the weekly rankings. This episode's rating marked an increase of almost 1 million viewers from the previous episode, \"An Echolls Family Christmas\". Price Peterson of \"TV.com\" wrote positively of the episode. In his episode verdict, the reviewer wrote, \"that driveway scene between Mac and her birth mom was some great television, and the serial killer plot line was surprisingly intense for this show…Fortunately both plot lines were balanced pretty well. Great episode.\" \"Television Without Pity\" gave the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7051649", "score": "1.0876958", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)", "text": "episode's title is a semi-joking reference to the 1991 horror thriller \"The Silence of the Lambs\" and the 1988 novel of the same name on which the film was based. The film, the novel, and the episode all deal with serial killers and the brave female detectives who hunt them down (in the case of \"The Silence of the Lambs\", this character is Clarice Starling). Among this episode's guest stars include Tina Majorino, who makes her second appearance on the show (after \"Like a Virgin\") and Aaron Paul, who would later receive three Primetime Emmy Award wins for his performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7051648", "score": "1.0842191", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "American Film Institute named Hannibal Lecter (as portrayed by Hopkins) the number one film villain of all time and Clarice Starling (as portrayed by Foster) the sixth-greatest film hero of all time. In 2011, ABC aired a prime-time special, \"\", that counted down the best films chosen by fans based on results of a poll conducted by ABC and \"People\" magazine. \"The Silence of the Lambs\" was selected as the 1 Best Suspense/Thriller and Dr. Hannibal Lecter was selected as the 4 Greatest Film Character. The film and its characters have appeared in the following AFI \"100 Years\" lists: In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404981", "score": "1.0592636", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "big screen. With Hackman set to direct and possibly star in the role of Crawford, negotiations were made to split the $500,000 cost of rights between Hackman and the studio. In addition to securing the rights to the novel, producers also had to acquire the rights to the name \"Hannibal Lecter\", which were owned by \"Manhunter\" producer Dino De Laurentiis. Owing to the financial failure of the earlier film, De Laurentiis lent the character rights to Orion Pictures for free. In November 1987, Ted Tally was brought on to write the adaptation; Tally had previously crossed paths with Harris many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404968", "score": "1.0464835", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Candy Carol", "text": "\"The Silence of the Lambs\". In a strange twist of fate, Lauren Roselli was cast in the role of Stacy Hubka in the movie. In a 2009 interview, Lauren Roselli Johnson explained, \"We were working on \"Candy Carol\" while Jonathan was working on \"Silence\" [\"of the Lambs\"]. I played him a rough mix of the record and I think he liked \"Sunny Day\" and felt he could use it somewhere in the film.\" The third and final single from the album was \"Counting The Rosaries\", featuring Lauren Roselli on lead vocals, a whistling section, and Marc Roselli, a Jesuit priest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17390840", "score": "1.0383134", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (novel)", "text": "Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay. It stars Jodie Foster as Clarice Starling and Anthony Hopkins as Hannibal Lecter. In 2005, comedian-musicians Jon and Al Kaplan parodied the story, especially the film, in \"Silence! The Musical\". It premiered Off-Off-Broadway and has since had productions in London and Los Angeles. In 2012, the Los Angeles production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle awards for Score, Lead Performance, and Choreography. The Silence of the Lambs (novel) The Silence of the Lambs is a novel by Thomas Harris. First published in 1988, it is the sequel to Harris' 1981 novel \"Red Dragon\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7498593", "score": "1.0359219", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "times, with his interest in adapting \"The Silence of the Lambs\" originating from receiving an advance copy of the book from Harris himself. When Tally was about halfway through with the first draft, Hackman withdrew from the project and financing fell through. However, Orion Pictures co-founder Mike Medavoy assured Tally to keep writing as the studio itself took care of financing and searched for a replacement director. As a result, Orion Pictures sought director Jonathan Demme to helm the project. With the screenplay not yet completed, Demme signed on after reading the novel. From there, the project quickly took off,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404969", "score": "1.0193458", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)", "text": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars) \"Silence of the Lamb\" is the eleventh episode of the first season of the American mystery television series \"Veronica Mars\". Written by Jed Seidel and Dayna Lynne North and directed by John Kretchmer, the episode premiered on UPN on January 4, 2005, as the series' first episode in the new year. The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica helps Cindy \"Mac\" Mackenzie (Tina Majorino) find and reconnect with her birth parents", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7051640", "score": "1.0072896", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "Mob\", Demme's first choice for the role of Starling was Michelle Pfeiffer, who turned it down, later saying, \"It was a difficult decision, but I got nervous about the subject matter\". Still not convinced, he went to Meg Ryan who rejected it as well for its gruesome themes and then to Laura Dern, of whom the studio was skeptical as not being a bankable choice. As a result, Foster was awarded the role due to her passion towards the character. For the role of Dr. Hannibal Lecter, Demme originally approached Sean Connery. After the actor turned it down, Anthony Hopkins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404971", "score": "1.003792", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Brett Ratner", "text": "the prequel to \"Silence of the Lambs\", \"Red Dragon\", about Hannibal Lecter. In the film, Lecter, played by Anthony Hopkins, works with a retired FBI agent played by Edward Norton to find The Tooth Fairy, a serial killer played by Ralph Fiennes. Ratner became director of \"\" (2006), then directed \"Rush Hour 3\", which was released in 2007. Ratner directed a television commercial for Wynn Las Vegas featuring Steve Wynn on top of Encore Las Vegas in 2008. In the same year, Ratner also directed the ensemble comedy caper \"Tower Heist\", starring Ben Stiller and Eddie Murphy leading a gang", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1425970", "score": "0.9941776", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (novel)", "text": "The Silence of the Lambs (novel) The Silence of the Lambs is a novel by Thomas Harris. First published in 1988, it is the sequel to Harris' 1981 novel \"Red Dragon\". Both novels feature the cannibalistic serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter, this time pitted against FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling. Its film adaptation directed by Jonathan Demme was released in 1991 to box office success and critical acclaim. Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, is asked to carry out an errand by Jack Crawford, the head of the FBI division that draws up psychological profiles of serial killers. Starling is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7498580", "score": "0.9895657", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)", "text": "sued the Neptune hospital for 1 million dollars. Veronica finds that Mac was switched at birth. Keith and Sheriff Lamb visit a record shop, but they find nothing. Veronica visits Mac's house, and she shows Veronica her room. Veronica tells her that she was switched at birth with a popular cheerleader, Madison Sinclair. Keith and Sheriff Lamb talk to a suspect, who leads them to a man called \"The Worm\" (Aaron Paul), who responds hesitantly. Both of them think he is the killer given that he had a guitar. Veronica, Mac, and Wallace invite themselves over and crash Madison Sinclair's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7051643", "score": "0.98462445", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)", "text": "and siblings. Meanwhile, Keith (Enrico Colantoni) is temporarily reassigned to the sheriff's department in order to help with a case involving a serial killer. One morning, Veronica talks to Keith about an old case involving a serial killer, the E-String Strangler, who has made a reappearance. Wallace (Percy Daggs III) also complains to her about the panic that's been going throughout the town because of the killer. Meanwhile, another student, Jackson, asks Veronica to track his parents. Sheriff Don Lamb (Michael Muhney) and the mayor of the town meet with Keith. After the conversation, Keith comes out and tells Veronica", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7051641", "score": "0.9843202", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "list of 500 greatest movies of all time. The American Film Institute, ranked it as the 5th greatest and most influential thriller film of all time while the characters Clarice Starling and Hannibal Lecter were ranked as the greatest film heroine and villain respectively. The film is considered \"culturally, historically or aesthetically\" significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011. A sequel titled \"Hannibal\" was released in 2001, in which Hopkins reprised his role. It was followed by two prequels: \"Red Dragon\" (2002) and \"Hannibal Rising\" (2007). FBI", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404959", "score": "0.98217154", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Man from Jupiter", "text": "why [he] became a spy. And [Reynolds is] like, 'Really, I thought that movie sucked.'\" A sequence which features Sterling strapping Reynolds onto a handtruck reflects homage to the thriller film \"The Silence of the Lambs\" (1991). The song \"East Bound and Down\" by Jerry Reed is presented in the episode, while Sterling makes several references to several American cinematic works from the 1970s. Jesse Carp of Cinema Blend wrote: \"I should start by saying that this episode played particularly well for me because I’m a huge fan of 1970s American cinema—the good and the bad—so all of those references", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16278483", "score": "0.98194635", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "near Canonsburg, Pennsylvania served as the setting for Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane. In what was a rare act of cooperation at the time, the FBI allowed scenes to be filmed at the FBI Academy in Quantico; some FBI staff members even acted in bit parts. The musical score for \"The Silence of the Lambs\" was composed by Howard Shore, who would also go on to collaborate with Demme on \"Philadelphia\". Recorded in Munich during the latter half of the summer of 1990, the score was performed by the Munich Symphony Orchestra. \"I tried to write in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404974", "score": "0.97807086", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "as Tally explained, \"[Demme] read my first draft not long after it was finished, and we met, then I was just startled by the speed of things. We met in May 1989 and were shooting in November. I don't remember any big revisions.\" Jodie Foster was interested in playing the role of Clarice Starling immediately after reading the novel. However, in spite of the fact that Foster had just won an Academy Award for her performance in the 1988 film \"The Accused\", Demme was not convinced that she was right for the part. Having just collaborated on \"Married to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404970", "score": "0.9718658", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jay and Silent Bob", "text": "Bill in \"The Silence of the Lambs\", complete with the \"tuck\", although it is alleged Jay has been doing this in real life before \"Silence of the Lambs\" was released. Near the end of the film, they are jailed with Dante, Elias, and Randal, in which the latter hired a donkey show to celebrate Dante moving away. Jay and Silent Bob were charged for possession of drugs, which violated their probation. They bear witness to Dante and Randal's fight in the jailhouse, but at first provide no meaningful help, with Silent Bob unable to come up with his usual wisdom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "964424", "score": "0.97161895", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ted Tally", "text": "Ted Tally Ted Tally (born April 9, 1952) is an American playwright and screenwriter. He adapted the Thomas Harris novel \"The Silence of the Lambs\" into the film of the same name, for which he received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Writers Guild of America Award, the Chicago Film Critics Award, and the Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. Born William Theodore Tally in North Carolina, Tally was educated at Yale College and the Yale School of Drama, and has also taught at each of them. His most notable credit is the screenplay for \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7130684", "score": "0.9678639", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (novel)", "text": "Author David Foster Wallace used the book as part of his curriculum while teaching at Pomona College and later included the book as well as Harris's \"Red Dragon\" on his list of ten favorite novels. John Dunning says of \"Silence of the Lambs\": [it is] \"simply the best thriller I've read in five years\". Following the 1986 adaptation of \"Red Dragon\" (filmed as \"Manhunter\"), \"The Silence of the Lambs\" was adapted by Jonathan Demme in 1991. \"The Silence of the Lambs\" became the third film in Oscar history to win the following five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7498592", "score": "0.96625394", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Silence! The Musical", "text": "album featuring the original nine tracks was made available \"For fun only. Not for sale.\" Silence! The Musical Silence! The Musical is an award-winning 2005 musical created by Jon and Al Kaplan as a parody of the 1991 Academy Award-winning film \"The Silence of the Lambs\". The project began in 2003 as an internet musical made up of nine songs that retold the entire story. The audio tracks became popular to the extent that a live show was conceived and staged. Six additional songs were written by the Kaplans, and the book was written by Hunter Bell, based on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11645283", "score": "0.96522105", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Silence of the Lamb (Veronica Mars)", "text": "09er party. Mac looks around the house and meets her biological sister (Carlie Westerman), with whom she connects. The new police officer tells Keith and Sheriff Lamb that \"The Worm's\" guitar strings match the strings which were used to strangle the victims. Veronica bribes the new police officer and steals the Lily Kane murder files with the help of Weevil (Francis Capra). Veronica listens to the tapes she stole, and doesn't find anything until she hears a suspicious synthesized voice. Keith and Sheriff Lamb talk to \"The Worm\", who sexually abused both the victims. \"The Worm\" demands a lawyer. Veronica", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7051644", "score": "0.96384585", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "assures her that he does not plan to pursue her and asks her to return the favor, which she says she cannot do. Lecter then hangs up the phone, saying that he is \"having an old friend for dinner\", and starts following a newly arrived Chilton before disappearing into the crowd. \"The Silence of the Lambs\" is based on Thomas Harris' 1988 novel of the same name and is the second film to feature the character Hannibal Lecter following the 1986 film \"Manhunter\". Prior to the novel's release, Orion Pictures partnered with Gene Hackman to bring the novel to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404967", "score": "0.96296865", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "way that goes right into the fabric of the movie,\" explained Shore on his approach. \"I tried to make the music just fit in. When you watch the movie you are not aware of the music. You get your feelings from all elements simultaneously, lighting, cinematography, costumes, acting, music. Jonathan Demme was very specific about the music.\" A soundtrack album was released by MCA Records on February 5, 1991. Music from the film was later used in the trailers for its 2001 sequel, \"Hannibal\". \"The Silence of the Lambs\" was released on February 14, 1991, grossing $14 million during its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404975", "score": "0.960623", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Hannibal (film)", "text": "the project, however. De Laurentiis confirmed this after the film's release: \"First and foremost, I knew we had no movie without Anthony Hopkins.\" Regarding her involvement in a sequel to \"The Silence of the Lambs\", Foster confirmed to Larry King in 1997 that she \"would definitely be part of it.\" She told \"Entertainment Weekly\" magazine in 1997 that \"Anthony Hopkins always talks about it. I mean, everybody wants to do it. Every time I see him, it's like: 'When is it going to happen? When is it going to happen?'\" De Laurentiis thought Foster would decline once she read the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3048042", "score": "0.9580338", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "second respectively to feature the characters of Starling and Lecter, and was the second adaptation of a Harris novel to feature Lecter, preceded by the Michael Mann-directed \"Manhunter\" (1986). \"The Silence of the Lambs\" was released on February 14, 1991, and grossed $272.7 million worldwide against its $19 million budget, becoming the fifth-highest grossing film of 1991 worldwide. The film premiered at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival, where it competed for the Golden Bear, while Demme received the Silver Bear for Best Director. Critically acclaimed upon release, it became only the third film, (the other two being \"It Happened", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404957", "score": "0.95444936", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (novel)", "text": "has found; however, Gumb escapes into his basement. Starling, armed only with a revolver but aware that calling for backup will result in Catherine's death, follows him down, and kills him after a protracted chase. Catherine is returned to her family unharmed. Starling receives a congratulatory telegram from Lecter, who hopes that \"the lambs have stopped screaming\" and indicates that he has no plans to pursue her. He also predicts correctly that saving Catherine Martin may have granted Clarice some relief, but that the silence will never become eternal, heralding her motives for a continued career at the FBI. Clarice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7498590", "score": "0.95369005", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Silence of the Lambs (film)", "text": "opening weekend. At the time it closed on October 10, 1991, the film had grossed $131 million domestically with a total worldwide gross of $273 million. It was the 5th-highest grossing film of 1991 worldwide. \"The Silence of the Lambs\" was a sleeper hit that gradually gained widespread success and critical acclaim. Foster, Hopkins, and Levine garnered much acclaim for their performances. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 95% of 86 film critics have given the film a positive review, with an average rating of 8.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads: \"Director Jonathan Demme's smart, taut thriller teeters on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "404976", "score": "0.9525191", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Ted Levine", "long_answer": "After his breakout role in The Silence of the Lambs (as primary antagonist Buffalo Bill), there was a period where he was typecast in villainous roles. Levine was able to remedy this by playing more positive characters, such as a member of Al Pacino's police unit in Heat, astronaut Alan Shepard in the HBO mini-series From the Earth to the Moon, and Paul Walker's police superior Sergeant Tanner in The Fast and the Furious. In the drama Georgia, he played Mare Winningham's husband, one of his most sympathetic roles. His résumé also includes an uncredited role as the voice of the sociopathic trucker \"Rusty Nail\" in 2001's Joy Ride, and his performance as Detective Sam Nico in the 2003 film Wonderland, based on the gruesome murders in the Hollywood Hills. From 2002 to 2009, he co-starred as Captain Leland Stottlemeyer on USA Network's detective series Monk, starring Tony Shalhoub.", "chunked_long_answer": "After his breakout role in The Silence of the Lambs (as primary antagonist Buffalo Bill), there was a period where he was typecast in villainous roles. Levine was able to remedy this by playing more positive characters, such as a member of Al Pacino's police unit in Heat, astronaut Alan Shepard in the HBO mini-series From the Earth to the Moon, and Paul Walker's police superior Sergeant Tanner in The Fast and the Furious. In the drama Georgia, he played Mare Winningham's husband, one of his most sympathetic roles. His résumé also includes an uncredited role as the voice of", "short_answers": [ "Buffalo Bill" ] }

[ "biological agents", "disease conditions in defined populations", "smoking", "stress", "chemicals", "alcohol" ]

[ { "title": "Epidemiology", "text": "Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Epidemiology", "text": "applied to cover the description and causation of not only epidemic disease, but of disease in general, and even many non-disease, health-related conditions, such as high blood pressure and obesity. Therefore, this epidemiology is based upon how the pattern of the disease causes change in the function of everyone. The Greek physician Hippocrates, known as the father of medicine, sought a logic to sickness; he is the first person known to have examined the relationships between the occurrence of disease and environmental influences. Hippocrates believed sickness of the human body to be caused by an imbalance of the four humors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "761330", "score": "1.0135872", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Disease", "text": "factors that cause or encourage diseases. Some diseases are more common in certain geographic areas, among people with certain genetic or socioeconomic characteristics, or at different times of the year. Epidemiology is considered a cornerstone methodology of public health research, and is highly regarded in evidence-based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease. In the study of communicable and non-communicable diseases, the work of epidemiologists ranges from outbreak investigation to study design, data collection and analysis including the development of statistical models to test hypotheses and the documentation of results for submission to peer-reviewed journals. Epidemiologists also study the interaction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "105752", "score": "1.0126562", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Epidemiology", "text": "is reduced by ½. Although epidemiology is sometimes viewed as a collection of statistical tools used to elucidate the associations of exposures to health outcomes, a deeper understanding of this science is that of discovering \"causal\" relationships. \"Correlation does not imply causation\" is a common theme for much of the epidemiological literature. For epidemiologists, the key is in the term inference. Correlation, or at least association between two variables, is a necessary but not sufficient criteria for inference that one variable causes the other. Epidemiologists use gathered data and a broad range of biomedical and psychosocial theories in an iterative", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "761353", "score": "1.0029882", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Environmental epidemiology", "text": "they have poorer health outcomes than subjects who are asked not to smoke. The study types most often employed in environmental epidemiology are: Epidemiologic studies that assess how an environmental exposure and a health outcome may be connected use a variety of biostatistical approaches to attempt to quantify the relationship. Risk assessment tries to answer questions such as \"How does an individual's risk for disease A change when they are exposed to substance B?,\" and \"How many excess cases of disease A can we prevent if exposure to substance B is lowered by X amount?.\" Some statistics and approaches used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11082707", "score": "1.0021902", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Health", "text": "his health status and quality of their life It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors. More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following: An increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "850856", "score": "1.0017941", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Disease", "text": "of diseases in a population, a condition known as a syndemic. Epidemiologists rely on a number of other scientific disciplines such as biology (to better understand disease processes), biostatistics (the current raw information available), Geographic Information Science (to store data and map disease patterns) and social science disciplines (to better understand proximate and distal risk factors). Epidemiology can help identify causes as well as guide prevention efforts. In studying diseases, epidemiology faces the challenge of defining them. Especially for poorly understood diseases, different groups might use significantly different definitions. Without an agreed-on definition, different researchers may report different numbers of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "105753", "score": "0.9856798", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Environmental epidemiology", "text": "Environmental epidemiology Environmental epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology concerned with determining how environmental exposures impact human health. This field seeks to understand how various external risk factors may predispose to or protect against disease, illness, injury, developmental abnormalities, or death. These factors may be naturally occurring or may be introduced into environments where people live, work, and play. The World Health Organization European Centre for Environment and Health (WHO-ECEH) claims that 1.4 million deaths per year in Europe alone are due to avoidable environmental exposures. Environmental exposures can be broadly categorized into those that are proximate (e.g., directly leading", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11082699", "score": "0.98433024", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Genetic epidemiology", "text": "the study of the aetiology, distribution, and control of disease in groups of relatives and of inherited causes of disease in populations.\" As early as the 4th century BC, Hippocrates suggested in his essay “On Airs, Waters, and Places” that factors such as behavior and environment may play a role in disease. Epidemiology entered a more systematic phase with the work of John Graunt, who in 1662 tried to quantify mortality in London using a statistical approach, tabulating various factors he thought played a role in mortality rates. John Snow is considered to be the father of epidemiology, and was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11635297", "score": "0.9814191", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Social epidemiology", "text": "domains of epidemiology. However, intersecting social science fields often use health and disease in order to explain specifically social phenomenon (such as the growth of lay health advocacy movements), while social epidemiologists generally use social concepts in order to explain patterns of health in the population. More recently, the discipline is moving from identifying health inequalities along the social gradient to identifying the policies, programmes and interventions that effectively tackle the observed socioeconomic inequalities in health. Researchers Frank Pega and Ichiro Kawachi from Harvard University have suggested that this may lead to the new discipline of Political Epidemiology, which is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11437147", "score": "0.97202694", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Social epidemiology", "text": "Social epidemiology While epidemiology is \"the study of the distribution and determinants of states of health in populations\", social epidemiology is \"that branch of epidemiology concerned with the way that social structures, institutions, and relationships influence health.\" This research includes \"both specific features of, and pathways by which, societal conditions affect health\". Although health research is often organized by disease categories or organ systems, theoretical development in social epidemiology is typically organized around factors that influence health (i.e., health determinants rather than health outcomes). Many social factors are thought to be relevant for a wide range of health domains. Social", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11437144", "score": "0.9697356", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Psychiatric epidemiology", "text": "Psychiatric epidemiology Psychiatric epidemiology is a field which studies the causes (etiology) of mental disorders in society, as well as conceptualization and prevalence of mental illness. It is a subfield of the more general epidemiology. It has roots in sociological studies of the early 20th century. However, while sociological exposures are still widely studied in psychiatric epidemiology, the field has since expanded to the study of a wide area of environmental risk factors, such as major life events, as well as genetic exposures. Increasingly neuroscientific techniques like MRI are used to explore the mechanisms behind how exposures to risk factors", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7731677", "score": "0.957456", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sleep epidemiology", "text": "to known risk factors for disease such as obesity. Sleep epidemiology draws upon fields such as: sleep medicine, statistics, psychology, epidemiology, economics, biology, and mathematics Sleep epidemiology Sleep epidemiology is an emerging branch of the discipline of epidemiology. It is a growing field of scientific enquiry, with the first documented modern epidemiological survey being conducted in 1979. There is extensive interest in sleep research in the UK, Europe and worldwide. In the UK and US this manifests itself in research centres which often have sleep laboratories where the sleep patterns and conditions of individuals can be observed, as well as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18826714", "score": "0.9574454", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Epidemiology", "text": "is concerned with the incidence of disease in populations and does not address the question of the cause of an individual's disease. This question, sometimes referred to as specific causation, is beyond the domain of the science of epidemiology. Epidemiology has its limits at the point where an inference is made that the relationship between an agent and a disease is causal (general causation) and where the magnitude of excess risk attributed to the agent has been determined; that is, epidemiology addresses whether an agent can cause a disease, not whether an agent did cause a specific plaintiff's disease.\" In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "761356", "score": "0.952923", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Environmental social science", "text": "environmental health risks. Certain environments' affects on humans provides trends that social epidemiologists can investigate to determine if they are related to a divide of social status especially if only a certain part of the population is negatively affected. Epidemiology uses a host-agent-environment triangle framework to understand why humans are falling ill and this three prong approach allows social epidemiologists to explore how the environment is contributing to the decline in health status for a subsection of or the entire population. It promotes the idea that the social, cultural, economic, political and environmental factors are all important factors to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13931539", "score": "0.9516126", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Epidemiology of cancer", "text": "Epidemiology of cancer The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. This area of study must contend with problems of lead time bias and length time bias. Lead time bias is the concept that early diagnosis may artificially inflate the survival statistics of a cancer, without really improving the natural history of the disease. Length bias is the concept that slower growing, more indolent tumors are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13026061", "score": "0.95052904", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Population health", "text": "increasing interest from epidemiologists on the subject of economic inequality and its relation to the health of populations. There is a very robust correlation between socioeconomic status and health. This correlation suggests that it is not only the poor who tend to be sick when everyone else is healthy, heart disease, ulcers, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, certain types of cancer, and premature aging. Despite the reality of the SES Gradient, there is debate as to its cause. A number of researchers (A. Leigh, C. Jencks, A. Clarkwest—see also Russell Sage working papers) see a definite link between economic status", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5715565", "score": "0.94760543", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Social determinants of health in Mexico", "text": "caused by social factors. Social determinants of health are useful when identifying risk factors that affect the health of an individual or group. Health is defined as \"the overall condition of someone's body or mind\". As accessed by the World Health Organization, some major determinants of whether one is healthy or not include \"the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviours\". Social determinants of health, as described by the World Health Organization, include income and social status, education, social support networks, health services, gender, employment status and conditions, and race and ethnicity. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17619183", "score": "0.94156694", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Race and health", "text": "of health. The relation between race and health has been studied from a multidisciplinary perspective, paying attention to how racism influence health disparities and how environmental factors and physiological factors respond to each other and to genetics. Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and health care across racial and ethnic groups. The US Health Resources and Services Administration defines health disparities as \"population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to health care\". Health is measured through variables such as life expectancy and incidence of diseases. How researchers view race is often linked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9816744", "score": "0.93601805", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Total Worker Health", "text": "\"advance\" their health and well-being by targeting the conditions of work. Scientific evidence now supports what many safety and health professionals, as well as workers themselves, have long suspected—that risk factors in the workplace can contribute to health problems previously considered unrelated to work. For example, there are work-related risk factors for abnormal weight fluctuations, sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease, depression, and other health conditions. In recognition of these emerging relationships, the TWH approach focuses on how environmental, workplace factors can both mitigate and enhance overall worker health beyond traditional occupational safety and health concerns. Total Worker Health originated from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16860069", "score": "0.93539774", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "David Hunter (academic)", "text": "both human and nonhuman health conditions. Epidemiologists are responsible for both assessing the proportion of specific diseases associated with particular genotypes and how these genotypes interact with environmental and lifestyle factors in contributing causally to disease conditions. Large, population-based cohort studies can be particularly helpful in studying these issues, and Hunter and colleagues are working with colleagues in the Nurses’ Health Studies, Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and the Physicians’ Health Study, to conduct nested case-control studies of cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other phenotypes. With collaborators at the National Cancer Institute, they conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of breast cancer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18991868", "score": "0.9314602", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Genetic epidemiology", "text": "Genetic epidemiology Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors. Genetic epidemiology seeks to derive a statistical and quantitative analysis of how genetics work in large groups. The use of the term \"Genetic epidemiology\" emerged in the mid 1980s as a new scientific field. In formal language, genetic epidemiology was defined by Newton Morton, one of the pioneers of the field, as \"a science which deals with the etiology, distribution, and control of disease in groups of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11635295", "score": "0.92989314", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Social determinants of health in poverty", "text": "Social determinants of health in poverty The social determinants of health in poverty describe the factors that affect impoverished populations' health and health inequality. Inequalities in health stem from the conditions of people's lives, including living conditions, work environment, age, and other social factors, and how these affect people's ability to respond to illness. These conditions are also shaped by political, social, and economic structures. The majority of people around the globe do not meet their potential best health because of a \"toxic combination of bad policies, economics, and politics\". Daily living conditions work together with these structural drivers to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16410042", "score": "0.9294276", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Sociology of health and illness", "text": "health and illness. Studies of epidemiology show that autonomy and control in the workplace are vital factors in the etiology of heart disease. One cause is an effort-reward imbalance. Decreasing career advancement opportunities and major imbalances in control over work have been coupled with various negative health costs. Various studies have shown that pension rights may shed light on mortality differences between retired men and women of different socioeconomic statuses. These studies show that there are outside factors that influence health and illness. HIV/AIDS is the leading epidemic that affects the social welfare of Africa. Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5046647", "score": "0.92888916", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Psychiatric epidemiology", "text": "found a significant association between vascular white matter disease and depressive symptoms. Psychiatric epidemiology Psychiatric epidemiology is a field which studies the causes (etiology) of mental disorders in society, as well as conceptualization and prevalence of mental illness. It is a subfield of the more general epidemiology. It has roots in sociological studies of the early 20th century. However, while sociological exposures are still widely studied in psychiatric epidemiology, the field has since expanded to the study of a wide area of environmental risk factors, such as major life events, as well as genetic exposures. Increasingly neuroscientific techniques like MRI", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7731688", "score": "0.9281659", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Risk factor", "text": "Risk factor In epidemiology, a risk factor is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection. When evidence is found the term determinant is used as a variable associated with either increased or decreased risk. Risk factors or determinants are correlational and not necessarily causal, because correlation does not prove causation. For example, being young cannot be said to cause measles, but young people have a higher rate of measles because they are less likely to have developed immunity during a previous epidemic. Statistical methods are frequently used to assess the strength of an association and to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3610265", "score": "0.9278007", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Epidemiological transition", "text": "the last of which chronic diseases replace infection as the primary cause of death. These phases are: In 1998 Barrett et al proposed two additional phases in which cardiovascular diseases diminish as a cause of mortality due to changes in culture, lifestyle and diet, and diseases associated with aging increase in prevalence. In the final phase, disease is largely controlled for those with access to education and health care, but inequalities persist. The epidemiological transition occurs when a country undergoes the process of transitioning from developing nation to developed nation status. The developments of modern healthcare and medicine, such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7520707", "score": "0.9272654", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Environmental health policy", "text": "Environmental health policy Environmental health policy is the interplay between the environment and health, and how the environment can affect human health. Policies are created by governments and organizations where they see the issues arising in the health of their jurisdiction related to the environment. There are several environmental factors that can contribute to health including air quality, climate change, toxic drinking water, and toxic chemical exposure. Depending on the region the policy is in, different environmental factors are going to be addressed in the policy. Some effects of the environment on health can include asthma, malaria, cholera, disease, cancer,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20037516", "score": "0.9262521", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Prevention science", "text": "to disrupt processes or situations that give rise to human or social dysfunction. Epidemiology The prevalence, distribution, and determinants of the problem in time and space. Epidemiological investigations can be carried out through surveillance and descriptive studies to determine its extent. Etiology The causes of such positive or negative outcomes, with an emphasis on risk and protective factors. Also known as the Theory of Causation. Efficacy Trials Scientific experiments that test the preventive intervention programs ability to prevent the problem under favorable conditions. Under these optimal conditions, the researcher has control over the intervention and how it is delivered. If", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16445977", "score": "0.9256222", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Inequality in disease", "text": "Inequality in disease Social epidemiology focuses on the patterns in morbidity and mortality rates that emerge as a result of social characteristics. While an individual's lifestyle choices or family history may place him or her at an increased risk for developing certain illnesses, there are social inequalities in health that cannot be explained by individual factors. Variations in health outcomes in the United States are attributed to several social characteristics, such as gender, race, socioeconomic status, the environment, and educational attainment. Inequalities in any or all of these social categories can contribute to health disparities, with some groups placed at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11849805", "score": "0.92522913", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Epidemiology", "long_answer": "Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.", "chunked_long_answer": "Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.", "short_answers": [ "disease conditions in defined populations" ] }

[ "British Columbia, Canada", "January to May 2014", "2014", "London, England", "from January to May 2014" ]

[ { "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", "text": "Principal photography of Secret of the Tomb took place from January to May 2014 in London, England and British Columbia, Canada. The film premiered on December 11, 2014, at New York City's Ziegfeld Theater and was released in the United States on December 19, 2014. Secret of the Tomb grossed over $363 million at the box office. This film was dedicated to the memory of Robin Williams, who died four months before the film's release, and fellow Night at the Museum actor Mickey Rooney, who died before principal photography was finished.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "as director. The film was mostly filmed in Vancouver and Montreal with some scenes filmed in the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C.. A scene was shot at the Lincoln Memorial on the night of May 21, 2008. Scenes were also shot at the American Museum of Natural History in New York on August 18 and 20, 2008. The trailer was released with \"Bedtime Stories\", \"Yes Man\" and \"Marley & Me\" in December 2008. The trailer accompanied the film \"Bride Wars\" in January, \"The Pink Panther 2\" in February, and \"Dragonball Evolution\" in April 2009. The film was also promoted as an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301113", "score": "1.2402394", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "2009. It was fairly well received in comparison to the majority of film-based video-games, netting a 7.5 out of 10 from IGN.com. Ben Stiller admitted that a sequel was \"a possibility\" and on January 22, 2010, co-writer Thomas Lennon said to \"Access Hollywood\", \"That after the success of two \"Night at the Museum\" films, it's no surprise that 20th Century Fox is looking to develop a third and that those suspicions are indeed true and how could you not? I think it's a really outstanding idea to do \"Night at the Museum 3\", in fact,\" he said. \"I wonder if", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301122", "score": "1.1632417", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum", "text": "Night at the Museum Night at the Museum is a 2006 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Shawn Levy and written by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon, based on the 1993 children's book of the same name by Croatian illustrator Milan Trenc. The film stars Ben Stiller as Larry Daley, a divorced father who applies for a job as a night watchman at New York City's American Museum of Natural History and subsequently discovers that the exhibits, animated by a magical Egyptian artifact, come to life at night. It was released on December 22, 2006 by 20th Century Fox. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7213350", "score": "1.1610149", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian is a 2009 American adventure fantasy comedy film written by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon, produced by Chris Columbus, Michael Barnathan and Shawn Levy and directed by Levy. The film stars Ben Stiller, Amy Adams, Owen Wilson, Steve Coogan, Hank Azaria, Bill Hader, Christopher Guest, Alain Chabat, Jon Bernthal, and Robin Williams. It is the second installment in the \"Night at the Museum\" trilogy, and a sequel to the 2006 film \"Night at the Museum\". It is also the last \"Night at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301104", "score": "1.1505665", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "Museum\" film to feature Jake Cherry as Nick Daley, as Cherry aged out of the role. The film was released theatrically on May 22, 2009 by 20th Century Fox, being the only film in the trilogy not to be released theatrically in December. Like its predecessor, it received mixed critical reception and a box office success by grossing over $413 million on a $150 million budget. Two years after the events of the first film, Larry Daley, former night guard at the American Museum of Natural History, now runs his own direct response television company that sells inventions based on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301105", "score": "1.1423596", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game)", "text": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game) Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian - The Video Game (known as Night at the Museum 2 in other countries) is an action-adventure video game developed by Amaze Entertainment and Pipeworks Software, and published by Majesco Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Xbox 360. The video game is based on the . It was released on May 5, 2009. Ben Stiller reprises his role in the film as the voice of Larry Daley. Gameplay will involve Larry exploring certain exhibits in the museum. Platforming involves Larry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13239127", "score": "1.1382717", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sorry's Not Good Enough/Friday Night", "text": "hand and she starts to cry, but secretly manages to pull off the tape. When the video stops, she stands up and opens her arms, like she wants to hug Tom. But when he comes over to her, she kicks him and leaves the room. \"Friday Night\" is featured in the movie \"Night at the Museum\" starring Hollywood actor Ben Stiller, and British comedians Ricky Gervais and Steve Coogan. It was released in North America on 22 December 2006, and in UK cinemas on Boxing Day, 26 December 2006. The video, shot with various handheld cameras, features the band members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9127695", "score": "1.1375418", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum", "text": "2007 in Japan. The film was released under the title of \"Noche en el museo\" in Spain, \"Una note al museo\" in Italy, \"La nuit au musée\" in France, \"Ночь в музее\" in Russia and \"Uma Noite no Museu\" in Brazil. At the end of its box office run, \"Night at the Museum\" earned a gross of $250.9 million in the US and Canada and $323.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $574.5 million against a budget of $110 million. It is the fifth highest-grossing film of 2006 and also the highest-grossing film worldwide of the trilogy.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7213359", "score": "1.1264453", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum", "text": "first installment in the \"Night at the Museum\" trilogy, the film was a box office success despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, grossing over $574 million. Larry Daley is a divorced man from Brooklyn, hoping to find a good job to impress his ten-year-old son Nick, but his ex-wife Erica believes he is a bad example for their son. Larry is hired at the American Museum of Natural History to replace the retiring security guards Cecil Fredericks, Gus, and Reginald. Larry meets the museum's neurotic curator Dr. McPhee, and very attractive museum docent Rebecca Hutman, who plans to write a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7213351", "score": "1.123765", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum (film series)", "text": "divorced father who can't seem to keep a job for more than a week, applies for a job at the American Museum of Natural History, he is assigned as a night guard. However, a seemingly easy job turns out to be a wild ride when he finds that an ancient spell has caused the \"inhabitants\" of the museum to come to life. Two years after the previous film, several of the exhibits are transferred to the Smithsonian in Washington, DC, and Dexter the monkey steals the tablet of Ahkmenrah, Larry must break in and team up with his old friends,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17895873", "score": "1.1232314", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game)", "text": "the Museum of Natural History, where he once worked as a night guard and found out that the exhibits come to life every night, is having renovations, replacing the wax figures and stuffed animals with state-of-the-art 3D holograms. Larry returns to the museum, where he learns from Jedidiah the miniature cowboy and Octavius the Roman general that because of the renovations, they will be shipped to the Federal Archives (Octavius mistakenly calls it the Imperial Archives) under the Smithsonian Museum, aside from Rexy the T-Rex skeleton, Ahkmenrah and his tablet, (which is the source which makes the exhibits come to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13239129", "score": "1.1071749", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", "text": "McPhee his job back, now works as a teacher, and a traveling British Museum exhibit comes to New York. Tilly becomes the new night guard, and gives the tablet to Dr. McPhee, showing him its power and allowing the exhibits to awaken again to celebrate Ahkmenrah's reunion. Outside, Larry watches them party inside. On January 21, 2010, co-writer Thomas Lennon said to \"Access Hollywood\", \"I think it's a really outstanding idea to do \"Night at the Museum 3\", in fact. I wonder if someone's not even already working on a script for that. I cannot confirm that for a fact,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17175505", "score": "1.1037229", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game)", "text": "it: \"A solid choice for couch time with the kids.\" ITReviews acknowledged: \"There are decent moments, but added that the game is ridiculously short, a little too muddled and really quite poor value for money.\" GameSpot also agreed on the longevity issue, saying that: \"A few cute moments can't disguise this movie tie-in's biggest problem: its criminally short length.\" Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game) Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian - The Video Game (known as Night at the Museum 2 in other countries) is an action-adventure video game developed by Amaze Entertainment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13239134", "score": "1.0919111", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Sorry's Not Good Enough/Friday Night", "text": "of \"Night at the Museum\". During the video, Tom is seen eating a meal with a girl (Sai Bennett) while the rest of the band play the song. As the video progresses, it is revealed that the restaurant in which the couple eat is actually just a set up and that the girl has her wrists fastened to the table with duct tape and her legs tied to the chair with duct tape leaving her unable to leave Tom. Then a video about the happy times when the two were together is projected on the wall. Tom takes the girl's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9127694", "score": "1.091264", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "5.1/10, making it just barely the highest reviewed film of the series. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Night at the Museum: Battle at the Smithsonian\" is busy enough to keep the kids interested but the slapstick goes overboard and the special effects (however well executed) throw the production into mania\". Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, gave the film an average score of 42 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Despite mixed reviews from critics, most critics praised Amy Adams' and Hank Azaria's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301118", "score": "1.0908808", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "the movie. Alan Silvestri returned to score the sequel. Varèse Sarabande issued the score on May 19, 2009. A trailer of \"Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian\" was released on December 19, 2008. The film premiered on May 14, 2009 in Washington, D.C.. The film released in UK on May 20, 2009, on May 22, 2009 in United States, and in Japan on August 12, 2009. At the end of its box office run, \"Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian\" earned a gross of $177 million in North America and $236 million in other territories, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301115", "score": "1.083411", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "to open the gate, and Larry finally defeats Kahmunrah, banishing him to the Underworld. Amelia flies Larry and the New York exhibits back home, giving Larry a final kiss before taking off in her plane, knowing she will become dust before reaching the Smithsonian. Two months later, Larry sells his company, donating the money to the museum to renovate it, and the exhibits remain, capable of moving about at night under the pretense of being animatronics. Larry is rehired as a night guard and aids a woman who resembles Amelia during the debut of the museum's new extension of visiting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301111", "score": "1.0747771", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "hours. Writers Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon confirmed to Dark Horizons that they were writing a sequel to \"Night at the Museum,\" originally with the tentative title \"Another Night at the Museum\". The writers said that \"there'll be existing characters and plenty of new ones.\" 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel, \"Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian\", would be released during Memorial Day weekend in 2009. Ben Stiller, Owen Wilson, Steve Coogan, Ricky Gervais, Patrick Gallagher, Jake Cherry, Rami Malek, Mizuo Peck, Brad Garrett and Robin Williams would return for the sequel, with Shawn Levy returning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301112", "score": "1.0718197", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", "text": "the movie's exceptionally clever and fresh final act, which delivers genuine surprise along with many laughs.\" Robbie Collin of \"The Daily Telegraph\" gave the film three out of five stars, saying \"The third \"Night at the Museum\" film starts strongly, with its heart in the past... It's an exciting opening, and perhaps too exciting for the film's own good. It's hard not to be disappointed when the plot moves back to the present and settles into the time-honoured formula of digitised creatures running riot and famous people in fancy dress doing shtick.\" Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" gave the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17175518", "score": "1.0671808", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", "text": "the generally wound-too-tight Ben Stiller – once again playing a bemused Museum of Natural History guard – is easy to tolerate.\" Claudia Puig of \"USA Today\" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying \"Where the previous films felt frenetic and forced, this outing feels breezier, more enjoyable and less contrived.\" Joe Neumaier of the \"New York Daily News\" gave the film three out of five stars, saying \"There's a serenity to museum visits, especially if it's a place you know and love. \"Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb\", amazingly, recaptures that feeling in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17175515", "score": "1.064785", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", "text": "elements that make this \"Night at the Museum\" sequel work better than its predecessor.\" Stephen Whitty of the \"Newark Star-Ledger\" gave the film two out of four stars, saying \"The exhibits in this \"Night at the Museum\" may still come to life nightly. But their latest movie stays stubbornly inert.\" Tom Russo of \"The Boston Globe\" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying \"Seeing Ben Stiller, the late Robin Williams, and their magically roused gang together again, this time in London, is initially all about indulgent, nostalgic smiles rather than new wows. But then comes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17175517", "score": "1.0596644", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Night at the Museum", "text": "version of the book, \"Night at the Museum\", is an expanded version of Trenc's story. However, in this story every exhibit in the museum comes to life. After Larry tells his son about the strange things he sees at work every night, the son spends a night at the museum and finds out that the stories his father tells him are true. This version was included on the New York Times Best Seller list in 2007, and was featured in \"Publishers Weekly\", \"The New York Post\" and \"Newsday\" magazine. The Night at the Museum The Night at the Museum, published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9272845", "score": "1.0541292", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Mirai no Museum", "text": "Mirai no Museum \"Mirai no Museum\" (Translation: \"Future Museum\") is a song by Japanese girl group Perfume from their fourth studio album \"Level 3\" (2013). The song was released as the album's third single on 27 February 2013. It was written, composed and produced by Yasutaka Nakata. The song is a dance pop track, which features instrumentation from synthesizers and keyboards. The track is translated to \"Future Museum\" and was used as the theme song for the Doraemon film, \"Nobita no Himitsu Dougu Museum\". \"Mirai no Museum\" received negative reviews from music critics, who felt it was childish and interrupted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17060092", "score": "1.048348", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Night at the Museum", "text": "The Night at the Museum The Night at the Museum, published in 1993, is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Croatian illustrator Milan Trenc. This book is Trenc's best known title, and in 2006 was produced as a feature film titled \"Night at the Museum\". In 2006, the movie was novelized by Leslie Goldman as a book for young adults. Trenc's original book, \"The Night at the Museum\", is a picture story book for children about Hector, a night watchman at the Museum of Natural History in New York City, New York. On his first night at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9272843", "score": "1.0475881", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "performances. Michael Phillips of the \"Chicago Tribune\" awarded the film 3 stars stating that \"[Adams]'s terrific -- a sparkling screen presence.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B+ stating \"\"Battle of the Smithsonian\" has plenty of life. But it's Adams who gives it zing.\" Also, many reviews noted the costume worn by Amy Adams during the movie. Perry Seibert of \"TV Guide\" gave the film 2 stars despite honoring that \"thanks to Azaria, a master of comic timing. His grandiose, yet slightly fey bad guy is equally funny when he's chewing out minions as he is when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301119", "score": "1.0454049", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game)", "text": "a guard and enters the Federal Archive, and gets the tablet. However, night comes (Larry calls it \"magic time\" throughout the video game), causing everything to come to life. This brings the evil Kahmunrah, who is Ahkmenrah's evil brother, to life, imprisoning Jed, Dexter and the others. Larry is threatened by Kahmunrah, and is forced to give him the tablet. Kahmunrah smashes the tablet to pieces (an event that did not happen in the film), giving the ingots in the tablet to several other exhibits who are on his side (such as Napoleon, Ivan the Terrible and Al Capone) who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13239131", "score": "1.0447267", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (video game)", "text": "to the Underworld. Like the movie, the game ends with the museum being open late at night and Larry telling his boss Dr. McPhee that he stuck motors in the exhibits, while he actually just brought the tablet home, and having the exhibits come back to life. The game received mixed reviews in general, with a Metacritic average of 50%. IGN were the most positive source, saying that the game is: \"Not exhilarating, not mind-blowing, but surprisingly solid. Good job, Pipeworks, you made a game that's educational, simple, and, best of all, never outstays its welcome.\" \"Official Xbox Magazine\" called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13239133", "score": "1.0438032", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian", "text": "opening skit on \"American Idol,\" where a replica of the \"Idol\" judge seats are being held at the real Smithsonian Institution. An alternate ending included on the DVD and Blu-ray releases featured the return of Dick Van Dyke as Cecil Fredericks, Bill Cobbs as Reginald, and Mickey Rooney as Gus. As of 2009, numerous artifacts which inspired the movie were on display at Smithsonian Museums along the National Mall. Many of the artifacts are labeled with \"Night at the Museum\" logos. Gift shops at the Smithsonian also sell a replica of the Einstein Bobble-head, created specifically as a tie-in to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12301114", "score": "1.0397971", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Mirai no Museum", "text": "by Japanese director Yusuke Tanaka and premiered on Perfume's YouTube channel in June 2013. It features Perfume inside a comic book, trying to defeat a heavily armored warrior. They are accompanied by a mysterious mascot man, who tries to hide away from the warrior when it attacks. Details adapted from the liner notes of the \"Mirai no Museum\" CD single. Mirai no Museum \"Mirai no Museum\" (Translation: \"Future Museum\") is a song by Japanese girl group Perfume from their fourth studio album \"Level 3\" (2013). The song was released as the album's third single on 27 February 2013. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17060098", "score": "1.0385625", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb", "long_answer": "Principal photography of Secret of the Tomb took place from January to May 2014 in London, England and British Columbia, Canada. The film premiered on December 11, 2014, at New York City's Ziegfeld Theater and was released in the United States on December 19, 2014. Secret of the Tomb grossed over $363 million at the box office. This film was dedicated to the memory of Robin Williams, who died four months before the film's release, and fellow Night at the Museum actor Mickey Rooney, who died before principal photography was finished.", "chunked_long_answer": "Principal photography of Secret of the Tomb took place from January to May 2014 in London, England and British Columbia, Canada. The film premiered on December 11, 2014, at New York City's Ziegfeld Theater and was released in the United States on December 19, 2014. Secret of the Tomb grossed over $363 million at the box office. This film was dedicated to the memory of Robin Williams, who died four months before the film's release, and fellow Night at the Museum actor Mickey Rooney, who died before principal photography was finished.", "short_answers": [ "British Columbia, Canada", "January to May 2014", "London, England", "from January to May 2014" ] }

[ "Puente Hills Mall" ]

[ { "title": "Puente Hills Mall", "text": "Puente Hills Mall, located in the City of Industry, California, United States, is a major regional shopping center in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. It is most famous for serving as the filming site for the Twin Pines/Lone Pine Mall for the 1985 movie Back to the Future starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "had completely different layouts. In Florida the two arenas were back to back. Designers found that this led to some operational problems so the California building was designed so that the arenas were on opposite ends of the building with the queue and pre-show in between them. The California building was also built upon huge rollers as opposed to being anchored into the ground as a precaution for earthquakes. In 2015, \"The Back to the Future\" gift shop in Universal Studios Japan was replaced by Minion Mart, a \"Despicable Me 2\"-themed store. In mid 2006, first rumors surfaced that Universal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900149", "score": "0.9500643", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Hills (store)", "text": "occupied by other businesses such as Target, Big Lots, and Planet Fitness, many of them remain empty since the Ames liquidation. The July 14, 2015 episode of \"Pittsburgh Dad\", which had a \"Back to the Future\" theme, shows the titular character going back to November 5, 1989, just to shop at Hills and stop to get food at their food court. Based on the episode as well as several episodes of Dad wearing Hills-themed attire, a Pittsburgh-based candle company released a \"Pittsburgh Dad's Hills Snack Bar\" scented candle that is supposed to replicate the smell of the popular snack bar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6772025", "score": "0.9345434", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Simpsons Ride", "text": "replacing the Back To The Future: The Store gift shop at Universal Studios Florida and the Time Travelers Depot gift shop at Universal Studios Hollywood. The stores sell \"Simpsons\"-related merchandise. Carts were opened near the stores which sell Squishees, (which are \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> parody of 7-Eleven's Slurpees.) At Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, the park converted much of the World Expo and some of the Upper Lot in Universal Studios Hollywood into one based on Springfield. The new area includes some iconic landmarks from \"The Simpsons\" such as Krusty Burger, Frying Dutchman, Luigi's Pizza, Lard Lad Donuts, Bumblebee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10120585", "score": "0.9260513", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "the vortex to the original point of departure – the present, at the Institute of Future Technology (in which they crash through the \"Back to the Future\" logo in front), where Biff get out and thanks the riders and Doc for saving his life, but is soon seized by security. Riders exit the vehicle, as Doc thanks them and reminds them that, \"The future is what you make it!\" An animated logo of the Institute of Future Technology flashs up on the screen with the words \"Please lift lap bar and exit\" and after a few seconds Doc warns, \"Hurry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900165", "score": "0.8819421", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Hill Valley (Back to the Future)", "text": "over a period of thirty years. What happened to everybody's home town is obviously the same thing. They built the mall out in the boonies, and killed all the business downtown, and everything changed.\" By the 21st century, the downtown area has experienced a revival as the courthouse has been converted into the Courthouse Mall. Businesses have begun to move back into and around the town square and the parking lot has been replaced by a pond. The clock on top of the courthouse is still preserved at 10:04, and the mall's logo is an illustration of a lightning bolt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2278997", "score": "0.8747282", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "on the previous construction walls of The Simpsons Ride, the Comic Book Guy wore Marty's futuristic jacket from \"Back to the Future Part II\". Also, in the line satirical video, an animated Doc Brown (voiced by Christopher Lloyd) attempts to borrow money from a loan office to save the Institute of Future Technology. However, Professor Frink crashes back in time in a DeLorean and crushes the banker, and Doc is upset that he must \"sell the Institute of Future Technology to that mercenary clown!\". In 2016, it was officially announced that the Japan ride would close on May 31, 2016.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900152", "score": "0.8742065", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "Back to the Future: The Ride Back to the Future: The Ride was a simulator ride at Universal Studios theme parks. It was based on and inspired by the \"Back to the Future\" film series and is a mini-sequel to 1990's \"Back to the Future Part III\". It was previously located at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, where it has since been replaced by \"The Simpsons Ride\" and at Universal Studios Japan where it has since been replaced by \"Despicable Me Minion Mayhem\". The ride's story centered on a first-person adventure in pursuit of Biff Tannen through time.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900144", "score": "0.86594874", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Back to the Future (franchise)", "text": "21, 2045. He tracked it down to four inventions: the food hydrator, self lacing shoes, the hoverboard, and the Mr. Fusion home energy reactor. The former three inventions had led to the world becoming lazy and obese, leading to widespread waste. The invention of hoverboards lead to hover cars, which led to people throwing their trash out of the windows, causing a great trash storm in 2021. All of this trash needed to be disposed of, which led to one hundred million Mr. Fusion units being manufactured. All of the Mr. Fusion units had a tiny nuclear reactor inside, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4390139", "score": "0.8638896", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Back to the '50s", "text": "the 0s, obliviously, they drive through a wormhole. The radio turns on playing 1950's music, and they soon start spotting old-fashioned objects, including, a diner that sells a burger, fries and a soda float for just 20 cents. They realise they have gone back 40 years to the year 1959. As they figure out how to get back to the future, the Sheriff approaches them accusing them of being troublemakers, and says he will be keeping an eye on them. They go bowling, and a gang called the Rockets enters the bowling alley. The leader Ricky accuses Bradley of stealing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15975190", "score": "0.8616875", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Dreams of Rio", "text": "connected. They merged into one gigantic endless mall.\" Jack: \"You mean America has only one shopping mall?\" Voice: \"America IS one shopping mall.\" Jack: \"You mean we've been--\" Voice: \"--Yes. Malled from stem to stern.\" Carmen: \"I don't want him.\" Frieda: \"Well that's good because he has someone else, she has him now.\" Carmen: \"Who?\" Jack: \"It's just some snake goddess who came out of the skull, it's nothing, really.\" Voices Recorded at 39th St Music Productions Post Production at ZBS Ambiance Digitally Recorded in Brazil by Fulton and Clark Special thanks to Ruth Hirshman, Roberto Zuazo, and Robert Durand.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14893285", "score": "0.85866755", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Back to the Future (franchise)", "text": "not doing so will unravel everything they've accomplished. In a female voice, the artificial intelligence of the Quantum Mind Jar tells Doc that they need to go back to the future, which he dismisses as he doesn't want to risk making any more time travel. At that moment, another Emmett Brown, from an unknown time period, arrives, also declaring his experiment a success. Both versions of Emmett, along with the artificial intelligence of the Quantum Mind Jar, are shocked at discovering that there are two Emmett Browns present. \"Back to the Future: The Ride\" is a simulator ride based on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4390143", "score": "0.84926844", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Back to the Future", "text": "Back to the Future Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly, who accidentally travels back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents and becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd portrays the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown, inventor of the time-traveling DeLorean, who helps Marty repair history and return to 1985. Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale wondered whether he would have befriended his father if they had attended school", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "532202", "score": "0.84737295", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "JJ Halo", "text": "continue searching the HQ, and JJ teaches Ava how to scuba dive so they can penetrated through sunken passageways. They finally find the correct location, and then use the Time Turner to travel through time, first mistakenly traveling a million years into the past, and then mistakenly traveling into the future where they encounter a very cool and futuristic shop and an amusement park. They then travel back in time to the correct time and place where JJ's parents were thrown into the volcano to their deaths. The two girls set up a holographic project to disguise their activities, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15534243", "score": "0.84109086", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Back to the Future (musical)", "text": "romantic interest. Marty must repair the damage to history by causing his parents-to-be to fall in love, and with the help of scientist Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown (Lloyd), he must find a way to return to 1985. \"Back to the Future\" marked the start of a successful franchise, ultimately becoming a trilogy, with the total income for the three films taking over $936 million. The show will reunite some of the team behind the series. It will be adapted by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale from their 1985 screenplay, with set and costume design by Soutra Gilmour, lighting by Jon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17828514", "score": "0.8407824", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Back to the Future", "text": "him to 2015 to resolve a problem with their future children. The trio board the DeLorean, which has been upgraded with hover technology, and warp to the future. Writer and producer Bob Gale conceived \"Back to the Future\" after he visited his parents in St. Louis, Missouri after the release of \"Used Cars\". Searching their basement, Gale found his father's high school yearbook and discovered he was president of his graduating class. Gale had not known the president of his own graduating class, and wondered whether he would have been friends with his father if they went to high school", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "532210", "score": "0.83652526", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Back to the Future (musical)", "text": "Back to the Future (musical) Back to the Future is an upcoming musical with music and lyrics by Alan Silvestri and Glen Ballard and a book by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, adapted from their original screenplay. Based on the 1985 film of the same name, the show will feature original music alongside hits from the film, including \"The Power of Love\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\". The musical was originally slated to make its world première in London's West End in 2015, the year to which the trilogy's characters travelled in \"Part II\". However, after director Jamie Lloyd left the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17828511", "score": "0.8352261", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "up! Get out! Before you meet yourself coming in!\" As guests leave, the song \"Back in Time\" plays. The ride was a motion simulator with the DeLoreans located under a 70-foot (21.3–m) OMNIMAX Dome screen. Each of the 24 vehicles (12 per dome) were mounted on three pistons, allowing it to rise, fall, and tilt, following the motion on the screen. The vehicles were arranged on three tiers and were staggered to prevent riders from seeing the other vehicles in the theater. The front section rose eight feet (2.4 m) out of the \"garage\" when \"flying\". The actual range of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900166", "score": "0.8313552", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mall Masters", "text": "mall shopper's pick. If the in-studio contestant disagreed, they had to choose from the other three possibilities. If correct, the contestant scored 100 points. Once a store was picked, it was gone, and another store took its place. If the shopper got the question right, regardless if the contestant got it right or wrong, they got a $50 gift certificate from Mall of America. Two or three store questions were played in this round. Same as round 1, but point values doubled, which meant correct answers to store questions were worth 200 points. Also the three unchosen stores from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12616655", "score": "0.8293692", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Fox Photo", "text": "Fotomat. In the chase scene(s) in \"Back to the Future\", the Libyan terrorists crash their van into a Fox Photo booth at the Twin Pines/Lone Pine Mall. Fox Stanley Photo Products Inc. was sold to Kodak in 1986. In 1987 Kodak sold the retail stores to interests whose principal was Carl Newton III. The large photofinishing plants were retained by Kodak and spun off to a Kodak company named Qualex. Carl Newton III ran the retail stores branded as Fox Photo and continued the transition from camera stores and small drive up photo kiosks to Fox Photo One Hour Labs.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8618437", "score": "0.8287351", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company", "text": ", , , and . \"Family Mart\" stores were combination grocery/drug units with of floor space. During the Wood era, A&P developed the \"Futurestore\" concept; these supermarkets used black-and-white decor. \"Family Mart\" would serve as the testbed for the concept design. Futurestore was one of two concepts A&P launched during the 1980s (the other being Sav-A-Center; also defunct). Futurestore's first supermarket was in the New Orleans area in 1984, where A&P converted two Kroger stores it had acquired. The first conversion of an A&P to the Futurestore format was in New Jersey in 1985. The Futurestore concept spread to A&Ps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3310574", "score": "0.8280202", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Hill Valley (Back to the Future)", "text": "book store. The Essex movie theater now shows porno movies while the Town Theater is used for church services, and the courthouse is in a state of disrepair, and at night at least one homeless person (called \"Red\" by Marty) sleeps on the town square park benches. The grassy park outside of the courthouse has been converted into a parking lot. \"That was always one of the major elements of the story even in its earliest incarnation,\" screenwriter Bob Gale says in \"The Making of Back to the Future\", \"was to take a place and show what happens to it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2278996", "score": "0.8262508", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Back to the Future (TV series)", "text": "closed each episode while Dan Castellaneta provided the animated Doc Brown's voice. James Tolkan was also featured as a guest voice in one episode, however he returned only to voice a completely different character as opposed to his Principal Strickland character from the films. In addition, Bill Nye appeared as Dr. Brown's Lab Assistant during the live-action segments at the end of each episode performing scientific experiments related to the episode. Nye also serves as the show's technical advisor. These segments later led to Nye getting his own show. Although the show no longer airs on television, nine VHS cassettes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4515937", "score": "0.8260528", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "cause to the space-time continuum, Doc frantically pleads with the riders to assist him and says that the only way to bring Biff back to the present is to accelerate to 88 miles per hour and bump him (which will open a time vortex that will send both time vehicles back to their original point of departure); they enter the 8-passenger time vehicle, led by one of Doc's assistants, after going over final safety instructions. Doc then informs them with some helpful advice saying that the time vehicle Biff has stolen had a sub-ether time-tracking scanner; that way whatever time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900161", "score": "0.825175", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Hill Valley (Back to the Future)", "text": "over Biff). Many family businesses are passed down from generation to generation in Hill Valley. As a result, the city changes but remains similar from one generation to the next, as businesses are updated but rarely change. These recurring elements were a deliberate choice on the part of the filmmakers. The production designer of \"Back to the Future Part II\", Rick Carter, is quoted in a DVD extra as saying, \"The future is built on the present.\" Director Robert Zemeckis adds that the continuity between the different eras in Hill Valley's history is an example of the adage, \"the more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2279007", "score": "0.8248072", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "a \"live\" video feed from 2015 in which he explains the experiment. Riders enter the ride as \"volunteers\" for the time travel experiment at the Institute of Future Technology. Doc explains that the plan was for them to travel one day into the future, but this caution must be exercised as Biff, who graduated from Hill Valley High School in 1955, has escaped his time period and is now running amok in the space-time continuum. Once inside, Doc reveals some of the inventions he had been working on, including his \"crowning achievement\" – an 8-passenger DeLorean DMC-12 time machine (also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900159", "score": "0.8234561", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Mall (film)", "text": "2014, in promotion for \"Mall\", was featured in the movie trailer, which could be the first single from the soundtrack of the film. The official trailer to \"Mall\" was launched via Linkin Park's official Facebook page on August 9, 2014. In October 2013, Joe Hahn had developed a few toys for , and there in an interview, he said that the film would be released in 2014. The film made an exclusive screening at Zachary Levi and The Nerd Machine's 5th annual Nerd HQ event on July 24, 2014, at Petco Park in San Diego immediately after the band's performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18087657", "score": "0.8215598", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Game", "text": "stylized approach while trying to stay true to the feel of the trilogy. The puzzles were designed to rely on applying items in the inventory to characters and objects as the developers did not think of Marty as a protagonist that would build a gadget from various parts. As Michael J. Fox was unavailable to reprise his role as Marty for the game, newcomer A.J. Locascio voiced the character instead, though Fox later provided voice work for Marty's great grandfather William in the fifth and final episode of the game, as well as for the three futuristic versions of Marty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14999030", "score": "0.8204839", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Back to the Future: The Ride", "text": "motion-based vehicles modeled after the DeLorean DMC-12 featured in the films, and watch a film projected onto a large, dome-shaped IMAX screen. During the development of the ride, the designers traveled with foam models of the DeLorean to the Expo Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, where an OMNIMAX theatre was the setting for trial runs of the ride's film. Intamin was eventually contracted to develop the ride system for the attraction. The ride was first publicly announced in February 1989 as one of the many ones being added as part of the new Universal Studios Florida theme park, scheduled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5900147", "score": "0.8203854", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lost in the mall technique", "text": "Lost in the mall technique The \"Lost in the Mall\" technique, or the \"lost in the mall\" experiment, is a memory implantation technique used to demonstrate that confabulations about events that never took place – such as having been lost in a shopping mall as a child – can be created through suggestions made to experimental subjects. It was first developed by Jim Coan, an undergraduate student of psychologist Elizabeth Loftus as support for the claim that it is possible to implant entirely false memories in people. The technique was developed in the context of the debate about the existence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6367743", "score": "0.81899667", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Puente Hills Mall", "long_answer": "Puente Hills Mall, located in the City of Industry, California, United States, is a major regional shopping center in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. It is most famous for serving as the filming site for the Twin Pines/Lone Pine Mall for the 1985 movie Back to the Future starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd.", "chunked_long_answer": "Puente Hills Mall, located in the City of Industry, California, United States, is a major regional shopping center in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. It is most famous for serving as the filming site for the Twin Pines/Lone Pine Mall for the 1985 movie Back to the Future starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd.", "short_answers": [ "Puente Hills Mall" ] }

[ "Road/Track" ]

[ { "title": "R/T", "text": "R/T is the performance marker used on Dodge automobiles since the 1960s (much like Chevrolet Super Sport). R/T stands for Road/Track (no \"and\"). R/T models usually come with R/T badging and a combination of upgraded suspension, tires, brakes, and often more powerful engines. Many models have also come with monotone paint and stripes as well as aggressive body kits. In 2004 the Chrysler SRT Division (Chrysler Corp. SRT Vehicles) replaced R/T as the high performance auto group for Dodge vehicles, though the trim level is still in use on many current models.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "The suspension was heavily re-tuned, with both Dodge and Chrysler minivans gaining a larger front sway bar and new rear sway bar, increased rear roll center height, adjusted spring rates, a new steering gear, a revised front static camber setting, and lowered ride height. This dramatically improved handling in both the Chrysler and Dodge. Other changes included extra sound insulation, acoustic glass, new seats, softer-touch surfaces, new LED ambient lighting and center console, and halogen projector headlamps with LED accents. The Chrysler models were adjusted so that instead of competing against equivalent Dodge trim levels, they were above Dodge in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995581", "score": "1.0256085", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "Chrysler minivans (RT) The RT-platform Chrysler minivans are a series of passenger minivans marketed by Chrysler starting in model year 2008, the fifth in six generations of Chrysler minivans. Depending on the market, these vans were known as the Dodge Grand Caravan, Chrysler Town & Country, Chrysler Grand Voyager, Lancia Voyager and the Volkswagen Routan, a modified version sold by Volkswagen in North America. Only long wheelbase models were offered with the Dodge Journey replacing the short wheelbase model. While most versions were discontinued in 2016 with the launch of the Chrysler Pacifica minivan, the Grand Caravan remains in production", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995569", "score": "0.97206414", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "levels: SE, SE Plus, and SXT. The SXT Plus and GT trim levels have been discontinued for 2018, according to Dodge's Online Build-and-Price Tool. All trim levels get new standard equipment, some of which was previously optional for those trim levels. The base SE, starting at $25,995 includes standard equipment such as: front and second-row rear power windows and rear third-row quarter vent windows, keyless entry, manually-sliding side rear doors, seventeen-inch black-painted steel wheels with plastic wheel covers, the U Connect 430 radio (A/M-F/M radio, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, single-disc CD/MP3/DVD/DVD Audio player, USB input, 3.5-millimeter (3.5mm) auxiliary audio input jack,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995586", "score": "0.97109973", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "levels also offer a Blacktop Package, which adds a blacked-out front upper grille, darkened front head and rear tail lamps, black-finished seventeen-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, and an all-black interior color scheme. Options that have been deleted for the 2018 model year include the nine-speaker premium amplified surround-sound audio system, the dual-screen rear DVD entertainment system, and leather-and-suede seating surfaces. Production began in November 2017 of 2018 model year Dodge Grand Caravans due to the newly-revised 2018 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, which now requires that all new vehicles sold in the United States include standard side-impact airbags, which the Grand Caravan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995589", "score": "0.9637382", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "successor to the current Dodge Grand Caravan, which would be based on the Chrysler Pacifica, saying that the Grand Caravan successor would be \"a Caravan-like vehicle\" . Marchionne is quoted as saying, \"The replacement of the Caravan will be a Caravan-like vehicle. I need another minivan. It's going to be in line with the Pacifica architecture\". Chrysler minivans (RT) The RT-platform Chrysler minivans are a series of passenger minivans marketed by Chrysler starting in model year 2008, the fifth in six generations of Chrysler minivans. Depending on the market, these vans were known as the Dodge Grand Caravan, Chrysler Town", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995591", "score": "0.96004343", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (NS)", "text": "253 hp, paired with the 4-speed AutoStick transmission. The Dodge Caravan adapted several styling elements from the Dodge Viper RT/10, including hoodscoops (carried directly over from the Viper), and a redesigned lower fascia that shifted the Dodge \"crosshair\" grille into the lower bumper (with the addition of foglamps from the Viper). The interior featured a performance-oriented theme, with brushed aluminum trim for the trim and door panels, with black leather seats and racing-style pedals.From 2011 to 2016, Dodge produced the Grand Caravan R/T as an trim variant, though the option was largely cosmetic. Derived from the Plymouth Voyager, the Plymouth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995385", "score": "0.9589889", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper (SR I)", "text": "1990. It was later introduced in 1991 at the Indianapolis 500 of that year with a pre-production car driven by Carroll Shelby, being forced to replace the Dodge Stealth because of complaints coming from the United Automobile Workers. It later went on sale as the \"Dodge Viper RT/10 Roadster\" in January 1992. The Viper lacks modern driver aids such as traction control and anti-lock brakes. The car also has no exterior-mounted door handles or key locks, and instead, entry is done by unzipping a vinyl window to reach the interior door release handle (when the canvas/hard top is in place).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20859439", "score": "0.95663774", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper", "text": "has a maximum speed of approximately . Its large tires allow the car to average close to one lateral \"g\" in corners, placing it among the elite cars of its day. However, the car proves tricky to drive at high speeds, particularly for the unskilled drivers. Although the 1996 model year is the beginning of the second generation, in the Viper community, the 1996 model of the RT/10 is sometimes referred to as \"Generation 1.5\" since it saw the carryover of many first-generation parts during the model year while transitioning to second-generation parts. The roadster relocated the exposed side exhaust", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10005702", "score": "0.9509703", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper (ZB I)", "text": "both the RT/10 and GTS models. The engine displacement was increased from 8.0 to 8.3 liters, and along with other upgrades, the engine produced a maximum power output of , and of torque. The weight of the engine would also lose as much as . The chassis would become more rigid and lightweight, losing . A 6-speed Tremec T56 manual transmission is used to deliver all of the power to the rear wheels. Three years later after the SRT-10 was unveiled, the coupé version of the Viper would be launched, adapting the same \"double-bubble\" structure as the GTS from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20866929", "score": "0.946967", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Chrysler Viper GTS-R", "text": "covered over before being put back for increased visibility at night. To aid in lighting, optional lights were able to be placed in square notches above the grill. The exhaust would also be routed out the side of the car, just under the doors, about halfway between the front and rear wheel wells. Side exhausts had been a feature of the first generation American-market RT/10s, but were no longer used on the GTS. Vents were also added to the hood for cooling the engine, while intakes were placed on the roof and rear fenders. In total, 57 Viper GTS-Rs would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10724401", "score": "0.9353932", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "as a value-priced legacy model in North America. Chrysler debuted the 2008 model year minivans at the 2007 Detroit Auto Show — eliminating the short-wheelbase model. With discontinuation of the short-wheelbase minivans, Dodge offered the Journey on nearly an identical wheelbase and as a crossover rather than a minivan. Although the SWB model, which had accounted for half of all sales in Canada, cost approximately $2,000 less and offered a four-cylinder engine option with improved fuel economy, Chrysler executives stated the SWB Caravan was discontinued to accommodate new features offered in the Grand Caravan, consistent with the demands of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995570", "score": "0.93040013", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Dodge Neon SRT-4", "text": "in Las Vegas. Gale noted a list of performance features he saw on the sport compact cars at the show, and wanted to integrate those features into Chrysler's compact production car, the Dodge Neon. Gale was the design chief of the original Dodge Viper concept vehicle, and recognized an opportunity to build a sport compact that would appeal to the younger auto generation who grew up on tuner cars, who may prefer a new car with the same performance appeal right off the showroom floor. A group of young Dodge and Chrysler talent was assembled to put together a vehicle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3778971", "score": "0.9294765", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Dodge Magnum", "text": "Magnum was a badge engineered station wagon version of the Chrysler 300 manufactured at the same plant in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. The Magnum had four engine options; the \"SE\" features the 190 hp 2.72 L LH V6, the \"SXT\" had the 3.5 L V6, and the \"RT\" had the new 340 hp 5.7 L Hemi V8. The SRT-8 has a 425 hp 6.1 L Hemi engine. All-wheel drive became an option in 2005 on SXT and RT models. The SRT8, AWD SXT, and the RT use a Mercedes-Benz-derived 5-speed automatic transmission, while all other models use a four-speed automatic. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3690898", "score": "0.9289675", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper", "text": "Stryker decal instead of the standard badge on the hood (TA Orange on the Venom Black cars, black on the TA Orange and Venom White cars), black interior with TA Orange accent stitching on the ballistic cloth seats, instrument panel & cowl, center stack, console, hand brake, shifter boot, and door panels. The aerodynamic package adds 200 pounds (90.72 kg) of downforce at 100 mph (160.93 km/h). The car's mileage is 12 mpg in city, and 19 mpg on the highway. On March 18, 2013 MotorTrend tested the SRT Viper TA in Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca, setting the production car", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10005736", "score": "0.92704105", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) New Car Assessment Program crash testing, the 2010 Dodge Grand Caravan achieved a five star (top safety) rating in several categories. The 2.4 L \"EDZ\" I4 was dropped, with the 3.3 L \"EGA\" V6 standard. The 3.8 L \"EGH\" V6 engine was optional on mid level models, with a 4.0L SOHC V6 engine optional as the top level engine. A 2.8 L \"RA428\" I4 diesel was available on export models, while the 3.3L wasn't offered in Europe. The 3.3L got a 4 speed Ultradrive automatic transmission, while all the other engines came with a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995584", "score": "0.9212071", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "while the Routan's list of equipment was less than included on the upscale Town & Country. The Chrysler minivans underwent a mid-cycle refresh for the 2011 model year, which included major changes in both styling and functionality. Changes included restyled exterior and interior with all-new wing logo, standard SafetyTec™ (including Blind Spot Monitoring and Rear Cross Path Detection), improvement to the Stow ‘n Go seating and storage system, a one-touch fold down feature for easier access to the third row, (The Swivel n' Go seats were dropped) a new ‘super’ center console and technology, a dual DVD system that can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995579", "score": "0.9207138", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper", "text": "SRT-10, which replaced both the GTS and the RT/10, was heavily restyled with sharp, angled bodywork. The engine's displacement was increased to , which, with other upgrades, increased the maximum power output to at 5,600 rpm and of torque at 4,200 rpm. Despite the power increase, the engine weight was reduced to about . The chassis was also improved, becoming more rigid and weighing approximately less than the previous model. An even lighter and stronger chassis was planned, but was abandoned because of cost. The initial model introduced was a convertible. In 2004, Dodge introduced a limited-edition Mamba package; Mamba-edition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10005709", "score": "0.91381454", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper (SR II)", "text": "to the rear to release back pressure, which therefore increased the power to and the torque to . A removable hardtop was now available along with a sliding glass window. A few steel suspension components were replaced by aluminum, which resulted in of weight reduction. A new model of the Viper was introduced in late 1996. Known as the GTS, the car was essentially a coupé and more powerful version of the RT/10. The roof of the car was shaped in such a way that drivers were able to fit their helmets during track days. This was dubbed the double-bubble,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20862513", "score": "0.9137584", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "play different media at the same time, SIRIUS Backseat TV™ which offers three channels of children’s programming, FLO TV featuring 20 channels of live programming, Pentastar V6 (283 hp) engine replacing previous 3.8-liter and 3.3-liter V-6 engines, six-speed automatic transmission, a new fuel economizer mode, a new instrument panel and instrument cluster, new Chrysler Brand steering wheel with integrated controls that allow the driver to operate the radio, cruise control, hands-free phone and other vehicle functions while keeping their hands on the wheel; upgraded cloth and leather seating materials; new “soft touch” door trim, new heating and cooling control system.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995580", "score": "0.9103003", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Chrysler Neon", "text": "R/T and on SE/ES models, consisted of an R/T wing, R/T wheels, R/T springs, Goodyear NASCAR raised yellow-lettering tires, 'Dodge Motorsports' side decals, white instrument cluster and R/T steering box. SE and ES cars were an R/T visually except for the lack of dual exhaust, R/T lower mouldings, fog lamps and R/T exclusive front bumper. The SE and ES only came equipped with the base model's engine and was available with an automatic transmission (unlike the manual-only R/T model), the R/T retained the 150hp Magnum engine. In 2001, there was also a Sport Appearance Package available on SE and ES,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3778950", "score": "0.91029155", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Chrysler Neon", "text": "weight. The DOHC engine (Chrysler code name ECC) was no longer available. In 2000, the R/T trim returned after a one-year hiatus. The R/T consisted of a new SOHC Magnum 2.0 L Engine, wheels, spoiler, dual chrome exhaust tips, quicker steering box and stiffer springs. The 2001 and 2002 R/Ts had a flat, 'hammerhead' spoiler. From 2000-2003, the R/T was sold as a Chrysler in the United Kingdom. The Neon was offered with a sport package for the 2001 model year only commemorating Dodge's return to the NASCAR scene, called the Motorsports Edition. It was available on SE, ES, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3778949", "score": "0.90988326", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Radio-controlled car", "text": "disadvantages, toy-grade R/C cars are a great intro to the hobby, especially for ages 5–10, and are cheap platform for modifications and tuning even for older enthusiasts. In recent years, hobby-grade \"ready-to-run\" (or \"RTR\") models have become readily available from major manufacturers of radio-controlled cars, attracting many hobbyists who would otherwise not have purchased a kit car. Vehicles of this type need little or no final assembly and in most cases, the bodies are shipped painted and trimmed. Safety inspection of the product to ensure correct operation is essential, as injury to operators or bystanders from disassembling vehicles is possible.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "883089", "score": "0.90925854", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper", "text": "in 1997 and 1998. In 1997, the RT/10 would receive a power increase to 450 hp along with air-bags and power windows. In 1998, both of the versions of the Viper were equipped with second-generation air bags, revised exhaust manifolds (saving over the previous cast iron components) along with a revised camshaft. For 1999, Dodge introduced the first ACR performance package. In 2000, the Dodge Viper was updated to lighter hypereutectic pistons and received factory frame improvements. While the hypereutectic pistons provided less expansion, the forged pistons were preferred by customers for the supercharged and turbocharged aftermarket packages. TSB (Technical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10005705", "score": "0.90842617", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dodge Caliber", "text": "a Magna Drivetrain T355 5-speed manual transmission. A 2.0 L version of the engine paired with the CVT2 transmission was available as an option. The standard configuration for the SE lacks air conditioning, power windows, door locks, or mirrors. The grille surround is body-colored, while that of all other models is chromed. Canadian SXT and R/T models feature body color grilles instead of chrome grilles. The Caliber SE doesn't have a tachometer or assist handles, steel wheels with wheel covers are standard. Some options were not available on the SE. For 2011, this model was named Express, reverting to SE", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5394384", "score": "0.9081123", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Radio-controlled car", "text": "A number of cars and trucks are presently available only in ready-to-run form. The growing popularity of the RTR vehicle has prompted many manufacturers to discontinue production of kit vehicles. High-spec racing vehicles are generally still available or sold only as kits, and companies like Thunder Tiger, Losi, HPI, Traxxas and Tamiya sell kit and RTR versions with the benefits of a kit version being in upgraded parts or lower costs, respectively. Hobby grade vehicles can cost much more, ranging from $90 to over $2000. Ready-to-run, As the name suggests, are pre-assembled models ready for immediate use. They reach to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "883090", "score": "0.9064267", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dodge Viper (SR II)", "text": "and has been used for all of the subsequent generations of the Viper following the SR II. Over 90% of the GTS contained new parts compared to the RT/10 despite similar looks, and the 8.0-liter V10 engine received a power increase, with the engine now producing a maximum power output of . The GTS was also the first Viper to receive airbags. In 1997 and 1998 model years the Viper would continue to receive minor updates. The GTS would get second-generation airbags, revised exhaust manifolds, and a revised camshaft for 1997, and the RT/10 would gain a power increase up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20862514", "score": "0.90621436", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)", "text": "EPA-rated at 31MPG or 7.6L/100 km which is claimed by the manufacturer to be the best in its class. Except for the Police Pursuit version (which retains the 5 speed automatic), the only available transmission is the Chrysler eight-speed automatic, coupled with optional all-wheel drive. The all-wheel drive system will automatically remove drive to the front axle when not required, giving an improvement in fuel economy. The new electronic gearshift with optional paddle shift gives shift times of as little as 0.25 seconds in sport mode. The reworked interior includes new materials for the door, console and dash panels, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6950781", "score": "0.90389633", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "variant of the RT minivans with revised styling, content features and suspension tuning. Manufactured alongside the Chrysler and Dodge minivans at Windsor Assembly and marketed in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, the Routan debuted at the 2008 Chicago Auto Show and went on sale in the United States in September 2008. The Routan's minivan variants include the Dodge Caravan, Ram C/V, Chrysler Town & Country, and Chrysler Grand Voyager (export)—that by 2009 have ranked as the 13th bestselling automotive nameplate worldwide, with over 12 million sold. The Routan marked the start of Volkswagen's business strategy to offer additional vehicles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995574", "score": "0.9035534", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Chrysler minivans (RT)", "text": "6.5-inch color touch screen display, and Bluetooth with streaming audio functionality and voice control), a multifunction steering wheel with controls for cruise control, voice command, and audio system, a six-speaker audio system, premium cloth upholstery, manually-adjustable front bucket seats, \"Stow-'n'-Go\" System, front and rear tri-zone HVAC controls, second and third-row fold-in-floor bench seats, and front and rear side SRS airbags. The mid-range SE Plus, starting at $28,760, adds features such as seventeen-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, second-row rear captain's chairs, security system, power-sliding second-row rear doors, leather-wrapped steering wheel, power rear tailgate, and exterior color-keyed accents to the base SE trim. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19995587", "score": "0.90188134", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "R/T", "long_answer": "R/T is the performance marker used on Dodge automobiles since the 1960s (much like Chevrolet Super Sport). R/T stands for Road/Track (no \"and\"). R/T models usually come with R/T badging and a combination of upgraded suspension, tires, brakes, and often more powerful engines. Many models have also come with monotone paint and stripes as well as aggressive body kits. In 2004 the Chrysler SRT Division (Chrysler Corp. SRT Vehicles) replaced R/T as the high performance auto group for Dodge vehicles, though the trim level is still in use on many current models.", "chunked_long_answer": "R/T is the performance marker used on Dodge automobiles since the 1960s (much like Chevrolet Super Sport). R/T stands for Road/Track (no \"and\"). R/T models usually come with R/T badging and a combination of upgraded suspension, tires, brakes, and often more powerful engines. Many models have also come with monotone paint and stripes as well as aggressive body kits. In 2004 the Chrysler SRT Division (Chrysler Corp. SRT Vehicles) replaced R/T as the high performance auto group for Dodge vehicles, though the trim level is still in use on many current models.", "short_answers": [ "Road/Track" ] }

[ "February 15, 1985", "February 15, 1985", "1985" ]

[ { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes, starring Emilio Estevez, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy. The storyline follows five teenagers, each members of different high school cliques, who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes, while facing a strict disciplinarian.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "announced that the film was released in a special edition in January 2018. The film received high critical acclaim. Kathleen Carroll from the \"New York Daily News\" stated, \"Hughes has a wonderful knack for communicating the feelings of teenagers, as well as an obvious rapport with his exceptional cast–who deserve top grades\". Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 88% approval rating based on 60 reviews, with an approval rating of 7.7/10. Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 62% based on 11 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be \"generally favorable reviews\". In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408875", "score": "0.97258765", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "time, as well as one of Hughes' most memorable and recognizable works. The media referred to the film's five main actors as members of a group called the \"Brat Pack\". In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015. On a Saturday (March 24, 1984) five high school students report for all-day detention. Each comes from a different clique: pampered Claire Standish, state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408861", "score": "0.9351227", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Perfect Score", "text": "guidance, he gets a GED. He then puts his untapped intelligence to use through programming, becoming a successful video game designer. The film was panned by most critics, scoring a 17 percent \"Rotten\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. \"Slant Magazine\" critic Keith Uhlich called it an \"MTV film that extreme right-wing moralists can be proud of, as it posits a quintessentially American world of racial, intellectual, and sexual conformity.\" Many compared the film unfavorably with \"The Breakfast Club\", and many even called it a rip-off. \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote the film off as being \"like \"The Breakfast Club\" recast as a video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4121915", "score": "0.92159545", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Live Read", "text": "ahead of time. The readings were one-night only and were not recorded due to rights issues. Because of this, tickets for the 600 seats, which would go on pre-sale to members of Film Independent, LACMA Film Club and NYT Film Club one week ahead of the general public, would sell out almost immediately. Reitman said that the series was to show audiences how actors create characters. Jason Reitman directs and reads the stage directions unless otherwise noted. Many of the actors play multiple supporting roles. Specific roles are stated only when information is known. \"The Breakfast Club\" by John Hughes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17895102", "score": "0.91375643", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Brat Pack (actors)", "text": "author Susannah Gora, these films \"changed the way many young people looked at everything from class distinction to friendship, from love to sex and fashion to music.\" They are considered \"among the most influential pop cultural contributions of their time.\" In 2012, \"Entertainment Weekly\" listed \"The Breakfast Club\" as the best high school movie ever made. On VH1's list of the 100 greatest teen stars, Molly Ringwald was ranked #1, Rob Lowe was ranked #2, Anthony Michael Hall was ranked #4, Ally Sheedy was ranked #34, and Andrew McCarthy was ranked #40. Beyond the two primary films, there is no", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1956226", "score": "0.90399295", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "part of the \"High School Reunion Collection\". In 2008, a \"Flashback Edition\" DVD was released with several special features, including an audio commentary with Anthony Michael Hall and Judd Nelson. A 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray was released in 2010, and the same disc was re-released with a DVD and digital copy in 2012 as part of Universal's 100th Anniversary series. On March 10, 2015, the 30th Anniversary Edition was released. This release was digitally remastered and restored from the original 35mm film negatives for better picture quality on DVD, Digital HD and Blu-ray. On October 16, 2017, The Criterion Collection", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408874", "score": "0.88769615", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "had to convince Hughes not to fire him. Rick Moranis was originally cast as the janitor but left due to creative differences and was replaced by John Kapelos. In 1999, Hughes said that his request to direct the film met with resistance and skepticism because he lacked filmmaking experience. Hughes ultimately convinced the film's investors that due to the modest $1 million budget and its single location shoot, he could greatly minimize their risk. Hughes originally thought that \"The Breakfast Club\" would be his directorial debut. Hughes opted for an insular, largely one room set and wrote it about high", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408868", "score": "0.8835161", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Breakfast in Hollywood (film)", "text": "Breakfast in Hollywood (film) Breakfast in Hollywood, also known as The Mad Hatter, is a 1946 American comedy film directed by Harold D. Schuster and written by Earl Baldwin. The film stars Tom Breneman, Bonita Granville, Beulah Bondi, Edward Ryan, Raymond Walburn, Billie Burke, ZaSu Pitts, Hedda Hopper, Andy Russell, Spike Jones and Nat King Cole. The film was released on February 26, 1946, by United Artists. TBD A woman comes to Hollywood to meet her fiancé, who does not show up. Given a ticket to a radio show, she meets a sailor who was a friend of her fiancé.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18334193", "score": "0.87892056", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "film in sequence. On the \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" DVD commentary (featured on the 2004 DVD version), Hughes revealed that he shot the two films concurrently to save time and money, and some outtakes of both films feature elements of the film crews working on the other film. The first print was 150 minutes in length. During a cast reunion in honor of the film's 25th anniversary, Ally Sheedy revealed that a Director's Cut existed but Hughes' widow did not disclose any details concerning its whereabouts. In 2015 the first draft of the film's script was discovered in a Maine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408870", "score": "0.87776554", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "and an athlete, and a basket case, a princess, and a criminal.\" Molly Ringwald and Anthony Michael Hall both starred in Hughes' 1984 film \"Sixteen Candles\". Towards the end of filming, Hughes asked them both to be in \"The Breakfast Club\". Hall became the first to be cast, agreeing to the role of Brian Johnson. Ringwald was originally approached to play the character of Allison Reynolds, but she was \"really upset\" because she wanted to play Claire Standish. She eventually convinced the director and the studio to give her the part. The role of Allison ultimately went to Ally Sheedy.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408866", "score": "0.87017083", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Breakfast Club (band)", "text": "for the 1988 film \"License to Drive\". Shortly afterwards the band broke up; Bray later co-wrote several big hits with Madonna. Dan Gilroy later starred in \"Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme\" as Gordon Goose and in \"Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle\" as Pete the Postman. On April 5, 2016, Breakfast Club released a new EP titled \"Percolate\", which featured songs from the group's unreleased second album. It is the group's first release of new material in almost three decades. Breakfast Club (band) The Breakfast Club was an American musical group. Their biggest hit single was \"Right on Track\", which peaked at no. 7", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7371622", "score": "0.86968887", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "5th Avenue Cinema", "text": "and rival brother of Tom Moyer, believed that Portland was ready for an intimate, fully automated niche market movie house where the projector, house music, curtains, and house lights were automatically controlled. The small theater was not a profitable first-run venue, however, and soon it began showing old movies and midnight movies, including the first public screening of \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" in 1975. The name was changed to 5th Avenue Cinema in 1973, although the entrance remained on Southwest Hall Street. Almost from the beginning, the cinema worked with the PSU Film Committee to select programming that would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17781163", "score": "0.8596217", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Chez Ami Supper Club", "text": "1929, and only showed silent films. \"The Little\" closed in 1930 and reopened as \"The Hollywood\" run by the Basil chain. Basil heavily promoted the theater and showed foreign films, art films, and reruns. \"The Hollywood\" closed in 1934. At the time, it was the only movie theater located on Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, one of the city's main thoroughfares. After closing it was refurbished and became the Chez Ami, one of the city's premier nightclubs. The building was eventually razed in 1974. The interior of Chez Ami was designed by C. Theodore Macheras who used art-deco elements of mirrors,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18998977", "score": "0.85524356", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Coffee Town", "text": "mixed reception with a score of 56% in audience ratings on Rotten Tomatoes. Coffee Town Coffee Town is a 2013 comedy film. The first feature film from CollegeHumor, it was released on July 9, 2013 on digital platforms and in select theatrical engagements, leading up to a festival premiere on July 27, 2013 at Just For Laughs in Montreal. Will (Glenn Howerton) is a website manager for an electronics company who uses his local coffee house, Coffee Town, as his own personal office. When the corporate owners of the shop have plans to convert the coffee house into a modern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17390239", "score": "0.8545686", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Anthony Michael Hall", "text": "ultimately, we used a camera trick.\" The 2001 film \"Not Another Teen Movie\" pays tribute to Hall's numerous appearances in the teen-oriented, 1980s comedy films parodied by the movie. A brief shot of the sign over the door of a high school cafeteria reveals that the facility is named the Anthony Michael Dining Hall. In 2006, Hall was ranked #4 in VH1's list of the \"100 Greatest Teen Stars\" and #41 in \"100 Greatest Kid Stars.\" In June 2005, \"The Breakfast Club\" was rewarded with the Silver Bucket of Excellence Award at the MTV Movie Awards, in honor of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1807311", "score": "0.8545134", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Embassy Cinema", "text": "entertainment for children. This was known as 'The Saturday Morning Picture Club'. A published extract from the memories of a local resident of Chadwell Heath, Patricia Duyshart, described the frivolities in depth: \"The Gaumont Cinema in Chadwell Heath issued all children with free passes that were shown on entry. Long before opening time, huge crowds of squabbling children were queuing up outside the cinema, all of them trying to push in the line...When the doors at last opened, there was the biggest rush you ever saw...\" In February 1964, the Gaumont Theatre was taken over by the Rank Organisation and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20308032", "score": "0.8510016", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sex and Breakfast", "text": "Sex and Breakfast Sex and Breakfast is a 2007 independent dark comedy film starring Macaulay Culkin, Eliza Dushku, Alexis Dziena and Kuno Becker. Shooting took place in September 2006. The film opened in Los Angeles November 30, 2007, and was released on DVD on January 22, 2008 by First Look Pictures. The film was directed by first-time director Miles Brandman. Young couples experiment with anonymous group sex as a way to revitalize their troubled relationships. Through the experience they are forced to rethink the rudiments of a successful relationship: sex, love, and communication. One couple, James and Heather, have lost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8831208", "score": "0.8491484", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ralphs Grocery Store (Los Angeles, California)", "text": "portion of the space facing Lindbrook Drive was converted into a movie theater, which was known over the years as the United Artists Theater, (where The Rocky Horror Picture Show made its US debut on September 26, 1975) the UA Egyptian, the Odeon Cinema. and finally as the Mann Festival which closed on July 30, 2009. The Bratskeller restaurant, popular with UCLA students, also operated at the building from the late 1960s through the mid-1980s. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the prime corner space at the base of the tower was split between Daphne's Greek Cafe and Togo's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12284977", "score": "0.84597266", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Lions for Breakfast", "text": "7, 1975 at the Guelph Spring Festival. It was a Canadian Film Award nominee for Best Picture at the 1975 Canadian Film Awards, but did not win. It won the Canadian Film Award for Best Musical Score. Bryan Johnson of \"The Globe and Mail\" gave the film a negative review, writing that \"all it has going for it are its good intentions and the eager sincerity of the people behind it. And while that's enough to make you wish it were better, it's not nearly enough so you can pretend that it is.\" Stephen Chesley of \"Cinema Canada\" reviewed it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20676070", "score": "0.845383", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "How to Make a Mega Movie Deal", "text": "Hollywood Hotel\" in Los Angeles, California and \"The Garden of Allah\" in Hollywood. The attraction was a small exhibit themed to the movie industry, and included many exhibits, games, and videos about the industry. It also featured a small storyline of a man progressing from a Mail Room employee to a studio executive in Hollywood. The attraction opened a year after the park, in Spring, 1991. It was closed in 1993, and was replaced by AT&T at the Movies, which opened in 1998 and was also removed, in 2001. The inside of the building was then turned into \"Cafe La", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12047039", "score": "0.84187543", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Breakfast Club", "text": "500 Greatest Movies of All Time\" list. It then rose 331 places to rank at #38 on their 2014 list. Similarly, \"The New York Times\" placed the film on its \"Best 1000 Movies Ever\" list and \"Entertainment Weekly\" ranked the film number 1 on its list of the 50 Best High School Movies. In the 2001 parody film \"Not Another Teen Movie\", Gleason reprised his role as Assistant Principal Vernon in a short scene that parodies \"The Breakfast Club\". In 2005, the film received the Silver Bucket of Excellence Award in honor of its 20th anniversary at the \"MTV Movie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "408877", "score": "0.8400469", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Breakfast in Hollywood (film)", "text": "The sailor falls in love with the girl, before he tells her that her fiancé had married someone else. The girl, angry with the boys advances leaves on a bus to return to her home in Minnesota. The radio program hosts plays a fairy godmother role, having the police arrest the girl, and reunite the couple, who decide to get married. Breakfast in Hollywood (film) Breakfast in Hollywood, also known as The Mad Hatter, is a 1946 American comedy film directed by Harold D. Schuster and written by Earl Baldwin. The film stars Tom Breneman, Bonita Granville, Beulah Bondi, Edward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18334194", "score": "0.8395028", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Breakfast Club (band)", "text": "Breakfast Club (band) The Breakfast Club was an American musical group. Their biggest hit single was \"Right on Track\", which peaked at no. 7 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The song was remixed for a commercial release in a 12\" version for dance and club play by John \"Jellybean\" Benitez and became a top 10 hit on the \"Billboard\" Magazine Hot Dance Club Play chart. The group was formed in New York City in 1979 and went through several line-ups, including one in which pop star Madonna was the drummer. In the early 1980s, the band included Madonna,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7371619", "score": "0.83483034", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "That Was Then... This Is Now", "text": "the film during the making of \"The Breakfast Club\". \"I'd go to work at 7 in the morning, come back at 7 at night and then write - sometimes until 5 in the morning - then get two hours sleep and do it all again. It was intense.\" Estevez described the book as \"a very intense, dark piece. It's kind of like the old Pat O'Brien-Jimmy Cagney movies where O'Brien becomes the priest and Cagney becomes the gangster.\" Estevez, against his father's suggestion, decided to tackle the Cagney-type role. \"I told him I wanted to play the villain and he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4179113", "score": "0.83292377", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Sun-Ray Cinema", "text": "an attempt was made to \"modernize\" the building in 1978 with the application of stucco. In the early 1980s the movie theater shut down, and the acting group River City Playhouse moved into the space in 1984. In 1991 the building was remodeled into a nightclub, Club 5, which closed in 2004. A four-year, $4.5 million historic restoration was begun in 2004 after local car dealer Mike Shad purchased the property. Midway through the renovations, the facility was opened for private events like reunions and wedding receptions, but work was not completed until 2008. The renamed 5 Points Theatre and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14131915", "score": "0.83043814", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's: Music from the Motion Picture", "text": "Breakfast at Tiffany's: Music from the Motion Picture Breakfast at Tiffany's: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack from the 1961 movie \"Breakfast at Tiffany's\" starring Audrey Hepburn. The tracks were re-arranged parts of the film music composed and conducted by Henry Mancini. At the 1962 Academy Awards, Mancini and lyricist Johnny Mercer won Oscars for Best Original Song for \"Moon River\", while Mancini picked up a second statue for Best Original Score. The album also stayed on Billboard's album charts for over ninety weeks. Because of his success with title themes, such as the hit theme to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12538923", "score": "0.82931745", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Castle Cinema", "text": "was acquired by Circle Cinemas of Cardiff who renamed it the FILMCENTA and installed new projection equipment and Dolby Stereo and started to exhibit Hollywood Blockbusters once again on a First Release basis. The cinema basically showed what had not been secured by the Rank Organisation for its Odeon Chain. This was known as the ABC release stream, E.T. Back to the Future, Basic Instinct, Raiders of the Lost Ark... filled the house. Monty Pythons Life of Brian was banned by the city council. Circa 1988 UCI opened a 10 screen multiplex in the town next door to the Filmcenta,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8556773", "score": "0.82916737", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "School breakfast club", "text": "stay open for between 45 minutes to 1 hour 15 minutes, and close before the children's first morning lesson. Sometimes the clubs are staffed by volunteers, though sometimes there are paid caterers, and clubs in schools can be supervised by teachers or support staff. Breakfast clubs can be especially valuable for children whose parents are not able to afford to provide them with regular morning meals. They can provide both short- and long-term health benefits. Children who receive breakfast often perform better at learning, and can also be better behaved. Breakfast clubs can also improve the child's long-term health by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17271664", "score": "0.8278785", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Breakfast in Hollywood", "text": "own establishment, Tom Breneman's Restaurant, located on Vine Street off Sunset Boulevard. Organist Korla Pandit was only one of the musical talents who performed at the restaurant. In 1945, flushed with success, Breneman promoted the production of a 90-minute feature film, \"Breakfast in Hollywood\" (1946) starring Breneman, Bonita Granville, Beulah Bondi, Raymond Walburn, ZaSu Pitts, Billie Burke and Hedda Hopper, featuring musical numbers by Spike Jones, the Nat King Cole Trio and Andy Russell. Songs included \"It Is Better to Be Yourself\" by Nat King Cole and \"If I Had a Wishing Ring\" by Marla Shelton and Louis Alter. \"Magic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12453895", "score": "0.8277203", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "The Breakfast Club", "long_answer": "The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes, starring Emilio Estevez, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy. The storyline follows five teenagers, each members of different high school cliques, who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes, while facing a strict disciplinarian.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Hughes, starring Emilio Estevez, Paul Gleason, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy. The storyline follows five teenagers, each members of different high school cliques, who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes, while facing a strict disciplinarian.", "short_answers": [ "1985" ] }

[ "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands", "King Willem-Alexander" ]

[ { "title": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands", "text": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti; 17 May 1971) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands", "text": "Beatrix of the Netherlands Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, ; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal family who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication on 30 April 2013. Beatrix is the eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Upon her mother's accession in 1948, she became heir presumptive. Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II, and then finished her primary and secondary education in the Netherlands in the post-war period. In 1961, she received her law", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851469", "score": "1.2349088", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands", "text": "Beatrix's official title was \"Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, etc., etc., etc\". The triple \"etc.\" refers to the monarch's many dormant titles. She signed official documents with only \"Beatrix\". In common parlance she was referred to as \"The Queen\" (\"de koningin\" or \"de vorstin\") or \"Her Majesty\" (Hare Majesteit). But when in conversation with the queen the practice was to initially address her as \"Your Majesty\" or in Dutch as \"Uwe Majesteit\" and thereafter as \"Mevrouw\" (ma'am). Beatrix has received honours and awards from countries around the world, both during her life as a princess", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851494", "score": "1.1824238", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Wilhelmina of the Netherlands", "text": "different article and cartoon in \"De Roode Duivel\", mocking the two queens. Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. Wilhelmina was the only child of King William III and his second wife Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont. At the age of four she became heir presumptive to the Dutch throne after her half brother and great uncle died. She became Queen when her father died, when she was 10 years old. As she was still a minor, her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "984725", "score": "1.1797086", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Juliana of the Netherlands", "text": "Juliana of the Netherlands Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980. Juliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry. From birth she was heir presumptive to the Dutch throne. She was educated privately. In 1937, she married Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld with whom she had four children: Beatrix, Irene, Margriet, and Christina. She reigned for nearly 32 years. Her reign saw the decolonization of Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and Suriname and their independence from the Kingdom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851433", "score": "1.1605794", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands", "text": "April 2013. On that day, Willem-Alexander became the new King and was sworn in and inaugurated in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam, in a session of the States-General. The heir apparent to the Dutch throne is Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange. Most members of the Dutch royal family, in addition to other titles hold (or held) the princely title Prince of Orange-Nassau. The children of Prince Friso and Prince Constantijn are instead counts and countesses of Orange-Nassau. In addition to the titles King/Prince of the Netherlands and Prince of Orange-Nassau, daughters of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld hold another", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13521461", "score": "1.1501181", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands", "text": "Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander (; born Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, 27 April 1967) is the King of the Netherlands, having ascended the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess Beatrix and diplomat Claus van Amsberg. He became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mother's accession as queen on 30 April 1980, and succeeded her following her abdication on 30 April 2013. He went to public primary and secondary schools, served in the Royal Netherlands Navy, and studied history at Leiden University. He married Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "972685", "score": "1.1488302", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands", "text": "and as a monarch. In her capacity as the Sovereign she was Grand Master of the Military Order of William (\"Militaire Willemsorde\") and the other Dutch orders of merit. She is a Stranger Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter and the 1,187th Dame of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, and she has received numerous other medals and decorations. From birth till her inauguration as queen she had the following name and titles, to which she reverted after her abdication: \"Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\". Beatrix", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851495", "score": "1.147382", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Wilhelmina of the Netherlands", "text": "Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. Wilhelmina was the only child of King William III and his second wife Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont. At the age of four she became heir presumptive to the Dutch throne after her half brother and great uncle died. She became Queen when her father died, when she was 10 years old. As she was still a minor, her mother served as regent until she turned 18 years old. In 1901,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "984694", "score": "1.1417758", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands", "text": "Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands (\"Constantijn Christof Frederik Aschwin\"; born 11 October 1969) is the third and youngest son of the former Dutch queen, Beatrix, and her husband, Claus von Amsberg, and is the younger brother of the reigning Dutch king, Willem-Alexander. He is a member of the Dutch Royal House of Orange-Nassau and currently fourth in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. Prince Constantijn was born on 11 October 1969 at (now the University Medical Center Utrecht) in Utrecht, following the births of his brothers, Willem-Alexander (born in 1967), and Johan Friso", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "972742", "score": "1.1401976", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands", "text": "a prerogative of the monarch, but it is also irreversible—the person abdicating cannot return to the throne, nor can a child born to a former monarch after an abdication has occurred have a claim to the throne. The abdicated monarch is legally a Prince or Princess of the Netherlands as well as Prince or Princess of Orange-Nassau. After his or her death, legally the deceased monarch (abdicated or not) has no titles. However, after death, the abdicated monarch is traditionally referred to as king or queen again. For example, Queen Juliana became queen on 4 September 1948 and princess again", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13521378", "score": "1.1359563", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Louise of the Netherlands", "text": "Louise of the Netherlands Louise of the Netherlands (Wilhelmina Frederika Alexandrine Anna Louise; 5 August 1828 – 30 March 1871) was the Queen of Sweden and Norway as spouse of King Charles XV of Sweden and IV of Norway. Princess Louise was born on 5 August 1828 in The Hague. Her father was Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, the second child of King William I of the Netherlands and Wilhelmina of Prussia. Her mother Louise was the eighth child of King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Her education was to large extent entrusted to her Belgian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3800898", "score": "1.1284218", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands", "text": "She participates in conferences around the world representing the Netherlands. She was granted a seat in the Dutch Council of State on 20 October 2004, the highest advisory body and court of administration. She was a member of the Committee for Ethnic Minority Women's Participation from July 2003 until 2005. She has a seat on the board of governors of the Chair on the Management of Diversity and Integration at the Free University of Amsterdam; she (along with her husband) is a patron of the Orange Fund (established to promote social welfare and cohesion in the Netherlands); and she also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "984622", "score": "1.1274635", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Juliana of the Netherlands", "text": "decree became effective upon her marriage, and changed her full title and style to: \"Her Royal Highness\" Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, etc. After her accession to the throne, Juliana's official title was: \"Her Majesty, Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, etc, etc, etc\". Upon her abdication, she resumed her pre-regnal marital title and style. Juliana of the Netherlands Juliana (; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851468", "score": "1.1256903", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Princess Irene of the Netherlands", "text": "the former monarch of the Netherlands, Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands; the two younger ones are Princess Margriet and Princess Christina. Because of the invasion of the Netherlands by Nazi Germany during World War II the Dutch royal family first fled to the United Kingdom. Irene was not yet a year old when the family was forced to leave the Netherlands; she was christened in the Chapel-Royal of Buckingham Palace in London, the wife of King George VI, Queen Elizabeth being one of her godparents. As the family was leaving the Netherlands, the port where they were boarding the British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1068215", "score": "1.1223888", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands", "text": "attend without her husband. The king and queen have three daughters: Máxima is also godmother of: Queen Máxima has a particular concern for the integration of immigrants into Dutch culture. She was a member of a special parliamentary commission which sought to recommend ways to increase the participation of female immigrants in the workforce. Máxima stresses the importance for immigrants of learning the Dutch language (as she did) in order to fully participate in Dutch society. Dutch is the Queen's third language; she is also fluent in Spanish (her native language) and English. She speaks French to a conversational level.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "984621", "score": "1.1195954", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands", "text": "eldest son, Willem-Alexander, and resumed the title of princess. At the time of her abdication at age 75, Beatrix was the oldest reigning monarch in the country's history. Beatrix was born \"Princess Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", on 31 January 1938 at the Soestdijk Palace in Baarn, Netherlands. She is the first child of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and German aristocrat Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Beatrix was baptized on 12 May 1938 in the Great Church in The Hague. Her five godparents were King Leopold III of Belgium; Princess Alice, Countess of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851471", "score": "1.1187356", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Princess Christina of the Netherlands", "text": "funerals, and participated in a tribute concert that the CIMA Festival held in Italy for Queen Juliana, under the direction of Jorge Chaminé. Princess Christina of the Netherlands Princess Christina of the Netherlands (Maria Christina; born 18 February 1947) is the youngest of four daughters born to Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Princess Christina, known then as Princess Marijke (her first name in Dutch), was born on 18 February 1947, at Soestdijk Palace, Baarn Netherlands. Her mother was the then Princess Juliana, Princess of Orange, only child and heir of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1273822", "score": "1.1172366", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Princess Christina of the Netherlands", "text": "Princess Christina of the Netherlands Princess Christina of the Netherlands (Maria Christina; born 18 February 1947) is the youngest of four daughters born to Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Princess Christina, known then as Princess Marijke (her first name in Dutch), was born on 18 February 1947, at Soestdijk Palace, Baarn Netherlands. Her mother was the then Princess Juliana, Princess of Orange, only child and heir of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and her late husband Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. At the time of her birth, she was fifth in the line of succession to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1273815", "score": "1.1155128", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Wilhelmina of the Netherlands", "text": "she married Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin with whom she had a daughter Juliana. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw the First and the Second world wars, the Dutch economic crisis of 1933, and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial power. Outside the Netherlands she is primarily remembered for her role in World War II, in which she proved to be a great inspiration to the Dutch resistance. Princess Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, was born on 31 August 1880 at Noordeinde Palace in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "984695", "score": "1.1125752", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Koningsdag", "text": "over the years on \"Koninginnedag\": On 28 January 2013 Queen Beatrix announced her abdication on 30 April 2013 in favour of her son, Willem-Alexander. Since this date coincided with \"Koninginnedag\" the royal family's planned visit to De Rijp and Amstelveen was cancelled, although \"Koninginnedag\" 2013 was still celebrated throughout the country. On 30 April 2013, Queen's Day, Willem-Alexander succeeded his mother Beatrix and became the first King of the Netherlands in 123 years. Consequently, from 2014 onwards the name has been changed from Queen's Day to King's Day. The date has also changed from 30 to 27 April, which is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13729039", "score": "1.1079623", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Juliana of the Netherlands", "text": "the Netherlands. Upon her death at the age of , she was the longest-lived former reigning monarch in the world. Juliana was born in 30 April 1909 at Noordeinde Palace in The Hague, the only daughter of the reigning Dutch monarch, Queen Wilhelmina. Her father was Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was the first Dutch royal baby since Wilhelmina herself was born in 1880. Wilhelmina had suffered two miscarriages and one stillbirth, raising the prospect of a succession crisis. The Queen's nearest relative was Prince Heinrich XXXII Reuss of Köstritz, whose close ties to Germany made him unpopular in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851434", "score": "1.107723", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Politics of the Netherlands", "text": "fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. The House of Orange-Nassau were given the present day Netherlands and Belgium to govern as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Between 1815 and 1890, the King of the Netherlands was also Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The current monarch is Willem-Alexander. The heir apparent is the Princess of Orange, Catharina-Amalia. Constitutionally, the monarch is head of state and has a role in the formation of government and in the legislative process. He has to co-sign every law to make it valid. The monarch is also \"ex officio\" chair of the Council of State, which advises the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "705644", "score": "1.1075882", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands", "text": "and is patron of many organisations. She now lives in the small moated Drakensteyn Castle near the village of Lage Vuursche. Queen Beatrix has given her name to a number of facilities in the Netherlands and beyond. These include: A few parks in the country also bear her name: It has been speculated that Queen Beatrix is De Onbekende Beeldhouwer (Unknown Sculptor), whose work has been appearing in Amsterdam since 1983. There has been no confirmation of this. Princess Beatrix has held titles throughout her life, as a granddaughter or daughter of a monarch, and eventually as the Sovereign. Queen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851493", "score": "1.1008667", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Juliana of the Netherlands", "text": "the Netherlands. On 27 December 1949 at Dam Palace in Amsterdam, Queen Juliana signed the papers that recognised Indonesian sovereignty over the former Dutch colony. She became \"Hoofd der Unie\" (Head of the Union) of the Netherlands-Indonesian Union (1949-1956). On 15 December 1954, the Queen announced that the nation's Caribbean possessions of the Netherlands Antilles and Suriname were to be reconstituted as constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, making them equal partners with the mainland. Her daughter's blindness and the increasing influence of Hofmans, who had moved into a royal palace, severely affected the queen's marital relationship. Over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851450", "score": "1.1004715", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Inauguration of Willem-Alexander", "text": "Inauguration of Willem-Alexander The inauguration of Willem-Alexander as the new monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands took place on 30 April 2013. Queen Beatrix announced on 28 January 2013 that she would abdicate in favor of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander. He is the first King of the Netherlands since the death of his great-great-grandfather King William III in 1890. On 28 January 2013, three days before her 75th birthday, Queen Beatrix announced on a televised speech that she would abdicate, ending a reign of 33 years. Abdication is not uncommon in Dutch royalty. Both Queen Juliana, her mother, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18045606", "score": "1.0956514", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Beatrix of the Netherlands", "text": "the Netherlands on 2 August 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school \"De Werkplaats\" in Bilthoven. Her third sister Princess Christina was born in 1947. On 6 September 1948, her mother Juliana succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands, and Beatrix became the heiress presumptive to the throne of the Netherlands at the age of ten. In April 1950, Princess Beatrix entered the Incrementum, a part of Baarnsch Lyceum, where, in 1956, she passed her school-graduation examinations in the subjects of arts and classics. In 1954, Princess Beatrix served as bridesmaid at the wedding of Baroness van", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "851476", "score": "1.0917504", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands", "text": "1839) while at the same time a member state of the German Confederation. It became fully independent in 1839, but remained in a personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890. Abdication of the throne has become a de facto tradition in the Dutch monarchy. Queen Wilhelmina and Queen Juliana both abdicated in favour of their daughters and William I abdicated in favor of his eldest son, William II. The only Dutch monarchs to die on the throne were William II and William III. On April 30, 2013 Queen Beatrix, abdicated in favour of Crown Prince Willem-Alexander. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13521446", "score": "1.0915785", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Princess Sophie of the Netherlands", "text": "to be the finest of their kind in Europe\". Princess Sophie of the Netherlands Princess Sophie of the Netherlands (Wilhelmine Marie Sophie Louise; 8 April 1824 – 23 March 1897) was the only daughter and last surviving child of King William II of the Netherlands and of his wife Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia. She was heir presumptive to her niece, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, for seven years, from the death of her brother until her own death. Princess Sophie married her first cousin, Charles Alexander, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, at Kneuterdijk Palace in The Hague on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12334651", "score": "1.0888708", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Princess Irene of the Netherlands", "text": "Princess Irene of the Netherlands Princess Irene of the Netherlands (Irene Emma Elisabeth; born 5 August 1939) is the second child of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. An activist for disarmament, she is also well known for her work with nature. The princess was born in 5 August 1939 at Soestdijk Palace. At the time of her birth, war was a distinct possibility but, because her parents hoped for a peaceful solution, they chose to name their new daughter for Eirene, the Greek goddess of peace. She has three sisters, the eldest of whom is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1068214", "score": "1.0887262", "original_retrieval_index": 38 } ]

{ "title": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands", "long_answer": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti; 17 May 1971) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander.", "chunked_long_answer": "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti; 17 May 1971) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander.", "short_answers": [ "King Willem-Alexander", "Queen Máxima of the Netherlands" ] }

[ "the Mishnah", "the Gemara" ]

[ { "title": "Talmud", "text": "The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. 200 CE), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. \"Talmud\" translates literally as \"instruction\" in Hebrew, and the term may refer to either the Gemara alone, or the Mishnah and Gemara together.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and contains the teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis (dating from before the Common Era through to the fifth century) on a variety of subjects, including \"halakha\", Jewish ethics, philosophy, customs, history, lore and many other topics. The Talmud is the basis for all codes of Jewish law, and is widely quoted in rabbinic literature. Talmud translates as \"instruction, learning\", from a root \" \"teach, study\". Originally, Jewish scholarship was oral. Rabbis expounded and debated the Torah (the written Torah expressed in the Hebrew Bible) and discussed the Tanakh without the benefit of written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411213", "score": "1.2305262", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jewish education", "text": "thirteen for fulfilling the mitzvoth, at fifteen for studying Talmud” (Avot 5:21). Mikra refers to the written Torah, Mishnah refers to the complementary oral Torah (the concise and precise laws dictating how the written Torah's commandments are achieved) and Talmud refers to comprehension of the oral and written law's unity and contemplation of the laws. The term \"Talmud\" used here is a method of study and is not to be confused by the later compilations by the same name. In keeping with this tradition, Jews established their own schools or hired private tutors for their children until the end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7607764", "score": "1.2198637", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "within contemporary Talmud scholarship are listed below. The Talmud represents the written record of an oral tradition. It became the basis for many rabbinic legal codes and customs, most importantly for the Mishneh Torah and for the Shulchan Aruch. Orthodox and, to a lesser extent, Conservative Judaism accept the Talmud as authoritative, while Samaritan, Karaite, Reconstructionist, and Reform Judaism do not. The Jewish sect of the Sadducees (Hebrew: צְדוּקִים) flourished during the Second Temple period. Principal distinctions between them and the Pharisees (later known as Rabbinic Judaism) involved their rejection of an \"Oral Torah\" and their denying a resurrection after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411269", "score": "1.1989939", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "Talmud The Talmud (; Hebrew: \"\") is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (\"halakha\") and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish cultural life and was foundational to \"all Jewish thought and aspirations\", serving also as \"the guide for the daily life\" of Jews. The term \"Talmud\" normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud \"(Talmud Bavli)\", although there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud (\"Talmud Yerushalmi\"). It may also traditionally be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411211", "score": "1.1932157", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "of textual and historical analysis were applied to the Talmud. The text of the Talmud has been subject to some level of critical scrutiny throughout its history. Rabbinic tradition holds that the people cited in both Talmuds did not have a hand in its writings; rather, their teachings were edited into a rough form around 450 CE (Talmud Yerushalmi) and 550 CE (Talmud Bavli.) The text of the Bavli especially was not firmly fixed at that time. The Gaonic responsa literature addresses this issue. Teshuvot Geonim Kadmonim, section 78, deals with mistaken biblical readings in the Talmud. This Gaonic responsum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411258", "score": "1.1695886", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Isaac Baer Levinsohn", "text": "thirty-four questions on Jewish religion and history, among them the following: \"What is the Talmud?\" \"Who was the author of it?\" \"When, where, and in what language was it written?\" \"Have the Jews other books of such authority?\" \"Is there anything sensible in the Talmud? It is stated that it is full of improbable legends and fables.\" \"How could the authors of the Talmud permit themselves to add to, or detract from, the commandments of the Torah, which forbids that?\" \"What is the object of the numerous rites that consume so much useful time?\" \"Is it true that the Jews", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9447738", "score": "1.1635015", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Soferim (Talmud)", "text": "in the Talmud. However, these rulings have not been accepted by all groups of Jews. Soferim (Talmud) Masekhet Soferim \"The Tractate of the Scribes\" (Hebrew: מסכת סופרים) is a non-canonical Talmudic treatise dealing especially with the rules relating to the preparation of the holy books, as well as with the regulations for the reading of the Law. It belongs to the so-called \"smaller tractates,\" a term applied to about 15 works in rabbinical literature, each containing all the important material bearing on a single subject. While they are mishnaic in form and are called \"treatises,\" the topics discussed in them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9583698", "score": "1.1609571", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "written Torah as well, while others appeared to adopt a neo-Karaite \"back to the Bible\" approach, though often with greater emphasis on the prophetic than on the legal books. Within Humanistic Judaism, Talmud is studied as a historical text, in order to discover how it can demonstrate practical relevance to living today. Orthodox Judaism continues to stress the importance of Talmud study as a central component of Yeshiva curriculum, in particular for those training to become rabbis. This is so even though \"Halakha\" is generally studied from the medieval and early modern codes and not directly from the Talmud. Talmudic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411272", "score": "1.1524992", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Jewish principles of faith", "text": "been finalized at the Council of Jamnia in 70 CE, although this is uncertain. In Judaism, the term \"Torah\" refers not only to the Five Books of Moses, but also to all of the Jewish scriptures (the whole of Tanakh), and the ethical and moral instructions of the rabbis (the Oral Torah). In addition to the Tanakh, there are two further textual traditions in Judaism: Mishnah (tractates expounding on Jewish law) and the Talmud (commentary of Misneh and Torah). These are both codifications and redactions of the Jewish oral traditions and major works in Rabbinic Judaism. The Talmud consists of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "634920", "score": "1.1500349", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Torah study", "text": "the word \"Torah\" refers specifically to the Five Books of Moses, in Judaism the word also refers to the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), the Talmud and other religious works, even including the study of Kabbalah, Hasidism, Mussar and much more. The Talmud defines the objective of Torah study: \"That the words of Torah shall be clear in your mouth so that if someone asks you something, you shall need not hesitate and then tell it to him, rather you shall tell it to him immediately.\" In \"yeshivas\" (Talmudical schools), rabbinical schools and \"kollels\" (post-graduate Talmudical schools) the primary ways of studying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1275047", "score": "1.1428428", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "similarly emphasizes the study of Talmud within its religious and rabbinic education. Generally, however, Conservative Jews study the Talmud as a historical source-text for Halakha. The Conservative approach to legal decision-making emphasizes placing classic texts and prior decisions in historical and cultural context, and examining the historical development of Halakha. This approach has resulted in greater practical flexibility than that of the Orthodox. Talmud study forms part of the curriculum of Conservative parochial education at many Conservative day-schools, and an increase in Conservative day-school enrollments has resulted in an increase in Talmud study as part of Conservative Jewish education among", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411274", "score": "1.1426951", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "printings of lists of \"errata\", known as \"Chesronos Hashas\" (\"Omissions of the Talmud\"). Many of these censored portions were recovered from uncensored manuscripts in the Vatican Library. Some modern editions of the Talmud contain some or all of this material, either at the back of the book, in the margin, or in its original location in the text. In 1830, during a debate in the French Chamber of Peers regarding state recognition of the Jewish faith, Admiral Verhuell declared himself unable to forgive the Jews whom he had met during his travels throughout the world either for their refusal to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411293", "score": "1.1413695", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Oral Torah", "text": "section, then, discusses the treatment of the Written Law in light of the Oral Law, and the consequent overlap of the oral and written (and is not a general discussion of rabbinic Literature, \"per se\"). Here, it is important to note that these source, \"oral\", documents, are nevertheless intimately connected to the written. Thus, the midrash provides a verse by verse discussion of the entire (written) Tanakh, per the oral Torah. similarly, the Talmud, although applying a different framework, discusses and analyses the written Torah—both from an aggadic and halakhic perspective—drawing from (and recording) the oral tradition; here the discussion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3478970", "score": "1.1401341", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Beth Medrash Govoha", "text": "Talmud, Rishonim, Shulchan Aruch, Responsa and Rabbinic literature as texts and sources. Although all students study the Talmud regardless of whether they just joined the yeshiva or have already been studying for well over a decade, when students first arrive they study the official mesechta (Talmudic tractate) of the yeshiva. This mesechta will always be one of eight that deal with areas of civil law. Some students will stay on learning these subjects for many years, developing great expertise in these areas, while others will study other areas of the Talmud. Some students focus primarily on the practical application of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11238843", "score": "1.1374959", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Aggadah", "text": "Torah commentaries, and the Targumim, interpret the Torah text in the light of Aggadic statements, particularly those in the Midrash, and hence contain much material on Aggadah interpretation. Throughout the Talmud, aggadic and halakhic material are interwoven—legal material comprises around 90%. (Tractate Avoth, which has no gemara, deals exclusively with non-halakhic material, though it is not regarded as aggadic in that it is focused, largely, on character development.) The Talmudic aggada, generally, convey the \"deeper teachings\"—though in concealed mode, as discussed. The aggadic material in the Babylonian Talmud is also presented separately in \"Ein Yaakov\", a compilation of the Aggadah", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4666999", "score": "1.1344924", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "William Grimstad. Gil Student, an internet author, states that many attacks on the Talmud are merely recycling discredited material that originated in the 13th-century disputations, particularly from Raymond Marti and Nicholas Donin, and that the criticisms are based on quotations taken out of context, and are sometimes entirely fabricated. On individual tractates Historical study General Refutation of allegations concerning the Talmud Full text resources Manuscripts and textual variants Layout \"Daf Yomi\" program Audio Talmud The Talmud (; Hebrew: \"\") is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (\"halakha\") and Jewish theology. Until the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411298", "score": "1.1298109", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "from the Cairo Geniza. The Academy of the Hebrew Language has prepared a text on CD-ROM for lexicographical purposes, containing the text of each tractate according to the manuscript it considers most reliable, and images of some of the older manuscripts may be found on the website of the Jewish National and University Library. The JNUL, the Lieberman Institute (associated with the Jewish Theological Seminary of America), the Institute for the Complete Israeli Talmud (part of Yad Harav Herzog) and the Friedberg Jewish Manuscript Society all maintain searchable websites on which the viewer can request variant manuscript readings of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411261", "score": "1.128927", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Mishneh Torah", "text": "No. 140). However, he did state that for the masses, there was no need for Talmud study, as the Mishne Torah, along with the written Torah, would suffice (Introduction to the Mishne Torah). He also stated that in-depth study of Talmudic discussions was \"a waste of time\", for the sole purpose of study was to know how to practice the law (Letter to Joseph ben Judah). He said that his omission of his sources was due solely to his desire for brevity, although he regretted that he had not written a supplementary work citing his authorities for those halakot whose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2305853", "score": "1.1282516", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Mishnah", "text": "Jewish scholarship and judgement were predominantly oral, as according to the Talmud, it was not permitted to write them down. The earliest recorded oral law may have been of the midrashic form, in which halakhic discussion is structured as exegetical commentary on the Torah. Rabbis expounded on and debated the Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible, without the benefit of written works (other than the Biblical books themselves), though some may have made private notes () for example of court decisions. The oral traditions were far from monolithic, and varied among various schools, the most famous of which were the House of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "260932", "score": "1.1272035", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "to be edited later. The word \"Talmud\", when used without qualification, usually refers to the Babylonian Talmud. While the editors of Jerusalem Talmud and Babylonian Talmud each mention the other community, most scholars believe these documents were written independently; Louis Jacobs writes, \"If the editors of either had had access to an actual text of the other, it is inconceivable that they would not have mentioned this. Here the argument from silence is very convincing.\" The Jerusalem Talmud, also known as the Palestinian Talmud, or \"Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael\" (Talmud of the Land of Israel), was one of the two compilations", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411216", "score": "1.126681", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "of Maimonides. Following the formation of the modern state of Israel there is some interest in restoring \"Eretz Yisrael\" traditions. For example, rabbi David Bar-Hayim of the \"Makhon Shilo\" institute has issued a siddur reflecting \"Eretz Yisrael\" practice as found in the Jerusalem Talmud and other sources. The Babylonian Talmud (\"Talmud Bavli\") consists of documents compiled over the period of late antiquity (3rd to 5th centuries). During this time the most important of the Jewish centres in Mesopotamia, a region called \"Babylonia\" in Jewish sources and later known as Iraq, were Nehardea, Nisibis (modern Nusaybin), Mahoza (al-Mada'in, just to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411221", "score": "1.1216481", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Oral law", "text": "just as accurately be translated as \"Instruction\" or \"teaching\". Rabbinic Judaism maintains that the books of the Tanakh were transmitted in parallel with an oral tradition, as relayed by God to Moses and from him handed on to the scholarly and other religious leaders of each generation. Thus, in Judaism, the \"Written Instruction\" (\"Torah she-bi-khtav\" תורה שבכתב) comprises the Torah and the rest of the Tanakh; the \"Oral Instruction\" (\"Torah she-be'al peh\" תורה שבעל פה) was ultimately recorded in the Talmud (lit. \"Learning\") and Midrashim (lit. \"Interpretations\"). The interpretation of the Oral Torah is thus considered as the authoritative reading", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "718373", "score": "1.1210148", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Talmudical hermeneutics", "text": "Talmudical hermeneutics Talmudical hermeneutics (Hebrew: מידות שהתורה נדרשת בהן) defines the rules and methods for the investigation and exact determination of the meaning of the Scriptures, within the framework of Rabbinic Judaism. This includes, among others, the rules by which the requirements of the Oral Law and the Halakha are derived from and established by the written law. These rules relate to: Compilations of such hermeneutic rules were made in the earliest times. The tannaitic tradition recognizes three such collections, namely: It must be borne in mind, however, that neither Hillel, Ishmael, nor Eliezer ben Jose sought to give a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9698039", "score": "1.1191145", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "Gemara has had changes and additions, and contains statements not of the same origin as the original. See his \"Yehi Yosef\" (Jerusalem, 1991) p. 132 \"This passage does not bear the signature of the editor of the Talmud!\" Orthodox scholar Daniel Sperber writes in \"Legitimacy, of Necessity, of Scientific Disciplines\" that many Orthodox sources have engaged in the historical (also called \"scientific\") study of the Talmud. As such, the divide today between Orthodoxy and Reform is not about whether the Talmud may be subjected to historical study, but rather about the theological and halakhic implications of such study. Some trends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411268", "score": "1.1156008", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Ancient Hebrew writings", "text": "and difficult to read, even for experienced Talmudists. The redaction of the Babylonian Talmud, on the other hand, is more careful and precise. The law as laid down in the two compilations is basically similar, except in emphasis and in minor details. The Jerusalem Talmud has not received much attention from commentators, and such traditional commentaries as exist are mostly concerned with comparing its teachings to those of the Babylonian Talmud. Religious texts whose authenticity is not officially recognized are termed apocryphal. Many texts have been lost. No Sadducee texts are extant. The Septuagint included 14 books accepted by Christians", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18411241", "score": "1.1132739", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Mercaz Hatorah", "text": "in understanding the legal and theoretical posits of the Rishonim. In addition, the diverse approaches of leading 19th and 20th century Talmudic analysts receive prominent attention. The study of the Babylonian Talmud is the core the school curriculum. Students are encouraged to master both classical and medieval commentaries and codifiers Each academic term highlights a Talmudic tractate (or segments) which is studied by the entire student body. The variations in study levels depend upon the year of study the student is in and whether the course constitutes a survey or an intensive study of the tractate. The first-year program possesses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11415668", "score": "1.1112089", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Torah study", "text": "Talmud or Mishnah. Like Orthodox Jews, other Jewish denominations may use any or all of the traditional areas and modes of Torah study. They study the \"Parsha\", the Talmud, ethical works, and more. They may study simply the \"peshat\" of the text, or they may also study, to a limited extent, the \"remez\", \"derash\" and \"sod\", which is found in \"Etz Hayyim: A Torah Commentary\" (Rabbinical Assembly), used in many Conservative congregations. It is common in Torah study among Jews involved in Jewish Renewal. Some level of \"PaRDeS\" study can even be found in forms of Judaism that otherwise are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1275059", "score": "1.1109468", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Torah", "text": "is required to seek out the missing details from supplemental sources known as the oral law or oral Torah. Some of the Torah's most prominent commandments needing further explanation are: According to classical rabbinic texts this parallel set of material was originally transmitted to Moses at Sinai, and then from Moses to Israel. At that time it was forbidden to write and publish the oral law, as any writing would be incomplete and subject to misinterpretation and abuse. However, after exile, dispersion, and persecution, this tradition was lifted when it became apparent that in writing was the only way to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411171", "score": "1.1103119", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Talmud", "text": "to analysis of the agricultural laws of the Land of Israel. Traditionally, this Talmud was thought to have been redacted in about the year 350 by Rav Muna and Rav Yossi in the Land of Israel. It is traditionally known as the \"Talmud Yerushalmi\" (\"Jerusalem Talmud\"), but the name is a misnomer, as it was not prepared in Jerusalem. It has more accurately been called \"The Talmud of the Land of Israel\". Its final redaction probably belongs to the end of the 4th century, but the individual scholars who brought it to its present form cannot be fixed with assurance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "411218", "score": "1.1101434", "original_retrieval_index": 47 } ]

{ "title": "Talmud", "long_answer": "The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. 200 CE), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. \"Talmud\" translates literally as \"instruction\" in Hebrew, and the term may refer to either the Gemara alone, or the Mishnah and Gemara together.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Talmud has two components; the Mishnah (Hebrew: משנה, c. 200 CE), a written compendium of Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. \"Talmud\" translates literally as \"instruction\" in Hebrew, and the term may refer to either the Gemara alone, or the Mishnah and Gemara together.", "short_answers": [ "the Gemara", "the Mishnah" ] }

[ "improve communication" ]

[ { "title": "Style guide", "text": "A style guide establishes and enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces best practice in usage and in language composition, visual composition, orthography and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship, research ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and compliance (technical and regulatory).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Style guide", "text": "and in desktop publishing (e.g., how inline styles in HTML cascade over CSS styles). A short style guide is often called a \"style sheet\". A comprehensive guide tends to be long and is often called a \"style manual\" or \"manual of style\" (\"MOS\" or \"MoS\"). In many cases, a project such as one book, journal, or monograph series typically has a short style sheet that cascades over the somewhat larger style guide of an organization such as a publishing company, whose content is usually called \"house style\". Most house styles, in turn, cascade over an \"industry-wide or profession-wide style manual\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11635117", "score": "0.84155023", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "prepared for the new medium and consistent with elemental or structural vocabulary of the semantic document. A carefully authored document for a web page can easily be printed to a hard-bound volume complete with headers and footers, page numbers and a generated table of contents simply by applying a new style sheet. Currently specifications (for example, XHTML, XSL, CSS) and software tools implementing these specification are only reaching the early stages of maturity. So there are some practical issues facing authors who seek to embrace this method of separating content and style. While the style specifications are quite mature and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775953", "score": "0.83195937", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Style sheet language", "text": "for example, colors, fonts and layout – must be applied. A collection of stylistic rules is called a style sheet. Style sheets in the form of written documents have a long history of use by editors and typographers to ensure consistency of presentation, spelling and punctuation. In electronic publishing, style sheet languages are mostly used in the context of visual presentation rather than spelling and punctuation. All style sheet languages offer functionality in these areas: Style sheet language A style sheet language, or style language, is a computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. One attractive feature of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4687288", "score": "0.822147", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "still maturing, the software tools have been slow to adapt. Most of the major web development tools still embrace a mixed presentation-content model. So authors and designers looking for GUI based tools for their work find it difficult to follow the semantic web method. In addition to GUI tools, shared repositories for generalized style sheets would probably aid adoption of these methods. Style sheet (web development) A web style sheet is a form of separation of presentation and content for web design in which the markup (i.e., HTML or XHTML) of a webpage contains the page's semantic content and structure,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775954", "score": "0.8188348", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "Style sheet (web development) A web style sheet is a form of separation of presentation and content for web design in which the markup (i.e., HTML or XHTML) of a webpage contains the page's semantic content and structure, but does not define its visual layout (style). Instead, the style is defined in an external style sheet file using a style sheet language such as CSS or XSLT. This design approach is identified as a \"separation\" because it largely supersedes the antecedent methodology in which a page's markup defined both style and structure. The philosophy underlying this methodology is a specific", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775947", "score": "0.81543934", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Style sheet (desktop publishing)", "text": "Style sheet (desktop publishing) A style sheet is a feature in desktop publishing programs that store and apply formatting to text. Style sheets are a form of separation of presentation and content: it creates a separate abstraction to keep the presentation isolated from the text data. Style sheets are a common feature in most popular desktop publishing and word processing programs, including Corel Ventura, Adobe InDesign, Scribus, PageMaker, QuarkXPress, WordPerfect, and Microsoft Word, though they may be referred to using slightly different terminology. Individual styles are created by the user and may include a wide variety of commands that dictate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4369904", "score": "0.8113843", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Style sheet language", "text": "Style sheet language A style sheet language, or style language, is a computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. One attractive feature of structured documents is that the content can be reused in many contexts and presented in various ways. Different style sheets can be attached to the logical structure to produce different presentations. One modern style sheet language with widespread use is Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), which is used to style documents written in HTML, XHTML, SVG, XUL, and other markup languages. For content in structured documents to be presented, a set of stylistic rules – describing,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4687287", "score": "0.8083892", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Style sheet (desktop publishing)", "text": "how a selected portion of text is formatted: In most programs with style sheets, there is a window or menu listing the style sheets the user has associated with the document. For example, a newspaper may have a style sheet for its story text called \"Body copy\" that sets the type at 10 point Nimrod with 11 point leading and justified alignment. Most programs allow users to name their own styles. Usually easy-to-remember names are used that describe what the style is used for. Common names might include \"headline,\" \"subhead\" and \"byline.\" To apply a style to a portion of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4369905", "score": "0.80378455", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "WebML", "text": "a style sheet. A style sheet dictates the layout of pages and the content elements to be inserted into such layout, and is independent of the actual language used for page rendition. For better reusability, two categories of style sheets are provided: untyped style sheets (also called models) describe the page layout independently of its content, and thus can be applied regardless of the mapping of the page to a given concept; typed style sheets are specified at a finer granularity and thus apply only to pages describing specific concepts. WebML WebML (Web Modeling Language) is a visual notation and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7622370", "score": "0.80231816", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Style sheet (desktop publishing)", "text": "text, most programs allow users to select the text with their mouse and then click on the desired style in a style panel. Style sheets help publications maintain consistency, so common elements such as story text, <nowiki>headlines</nowiki> and <nowiki>byline</nowiki>s always appear the same. Style sheets also help save time allowing a designer to click once rather than having to apply each element one at a time and risk using an incorrect value. Finally, style sheets are also useful if a publication decides to make changes to a design - say, make the story text slightly smaller. A user with proper", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4369906", "score": "0.79988396", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "all page content. If a page's layout information is stored externally, a user can decide to disable the layout information entirely, leaving the site's bare content still in a readable form. Site authors may also offer multiple style sheets, which can be used to completely change the appearance of the site without altering any of its content. Most modern web browsers also allow the user to define their own style sheet, which can include rules that override the author's layout rules. This allows users, for example, to bold every hyperlink on every page they visit. Because the semantic file contains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775951", "score": "0.79713476", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Style guide", "text": "that is even more comprehensive. Some examples of these industry style guides include the following: Finally, these reference works cascade over the orthographic norms of the language in use (for example, English orthography for English-language publications). This, of course, may be subject to national variety such as the different varieties of American English and British English. Some style guides focus on specific topic areas such as graphic design, including typography. Website style guides cover a publication's visual and technical aspects along with text. Style guides that cover usage may suggest ways of describing people that avoid racism, sexism, and homophobia.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11635118", "score": "0.7836613", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "case of separation of concerns. Separation of style and content has advantages, but has only become practical after improvements in popular web browsers' CSS implementations. Overall, users experience of a site utilising style sheets will generally be quicker than sites that don’t use the technology. ‘Overall’ as the first page will probably load more slowly – because the style sheet AND the content will need to be transferred. Subsequent pages will load faster because no style information will need to be downloaded – the CSS file will already be in the browser’s cache. Holding all the presentation styles in one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775948", "score": "0.7824023", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Sentence spacing", "text": "century, the majority of style guides had changed to indicate that only one word space was proper between sentences. Modern style guides provide standards and guidance for the written language. These works are important to writers since \"virtually all professional editors work closely with one of them in editing a manuscript for publication\". Late editions of comprehensive style guides, such as the \"Oxford Style Manual\" (2003) in the United Kingdom and \"the Chicago Manual of Style\" (2010) in the United States, provide standards for a wide variety of writing and design topics, including sentence spacing. The majority of style guides", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7177591", "score": "0.7746777", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cascading Style Sheets", "text": "form or another since the beginnings of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) in the 1980s, and CSS was developed to provide style sheets for the web. One requirement for a web style sheet language was for style sheets to come from different sources on the web. Therefore, existing style sheet languages like DSSSL and FOSI were not suitable. CSS, on the other hand, let a document's style be influenced by multiple style sheets by way of \"cascading\" styles. As HTML grew, it came to encompass a wider variety of stylistic capabilities to meet the demands of web developers. This evolution", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13495913", "score": "0.77442473", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "file can reduce the maintenance time and reduces the chance of error, thereby improving presentation consistency. For example, the font color associated with a type of text element may be specified — and therefore easily modified — throughout an entire website simply by changing one short string of characters in a single file. The alternate approach, using styles embedded in each individual page, would require a cumbersome, time consuming, and error-prone edit of every file. Sites that use CSS with either XHTML or HTML are easier to tweak so that they appear similar in different browsers (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775949", "score": "0.773772", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Style guide", "text": "as authorship, research ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and compliance (technical and regulatory). Style guides are common for general and specialized use, for the general reading and writing audience, and for students and scholars of various academic disciplines, medicine, journalism, the law, government, business, and specific industries. House style refers to the internal style manual of a particular publisher or organization. Style guides vary widely in scope and size. This variety in scope and length is enabled by the cascading of one style over another, in a way analogous to how styles cascade in web development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11635116", "score": "0.76888263", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Style guide", "text": "Many house styles and individual project styles change more frequently, especially for new projects. Several basic style guides for technical and scientific communication have been defined by international standards organizations. One example is ISO 215 \"Documentation — Presentation of contributions to periodicals and other serials\". The European Union publishes an \"Interinstitutional style guide\"—encompassing 24 languages across the European Union. This manual is \"obligatory\" for all those employed by the institutions of the EU who are involved in preparing EU documents and works. The Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission publishes its own \"English Style Guide\", intended primarily for English-language", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11635120", "score": "0.7584336", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Microsoft Manual of Style", "text": "the MSTP establishes standards and serves as a reference for writers. The MSTP has the specific purpose of guiding technical writers, editors, and content managers working with Microsoft products. While the manual in some parts focuses on usage particular to these products, the guide also serves as a general tool for technical writers. Content ranges from specific instructions for naming particular elements of specific programs to general rules of grammar. The MSTP is divided into two parts, preceded by a foreword and introduction. Part 1 is entitled General Topics and is sub-divided into the following 11 chapters: Part 2 is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8799503", "score": "0.75747025", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Style sheet (desktop publishing)", "text": "to apply the bold, sans serif typeface at the start of a new paragraph until it encounters a colon. After the colon, the style switches to the standard story text style. Therefore, the designer could highlight the entire collection and apply only one style that will automatically format the entire story without having to go through and apply separate character styles to each of the 10 reviews. Some scorewriters, including MuseScore and Sibelius, implement style sheets to control the appearance and layout of sheet music. Style sheet (desktop publishing) A style sheet is a feature in desktop publishing programs that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4369909", "score": "0.7481497", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Linguistic prescription", "text": "question. There are different types of style guides, by purpose and audience. Because the genres of writing and the audiences of each manual are different, style manuals often conflict with each other, even within the same dialect of English. Many publishers have established an internal house style specifying preferred spellings and grammatical forms, such as serial commas, how to write acronyms, and various awkward expressions to avoid. Most of these are internal documentation for the publisher's staff, though various newspapers, universities, and other organizations have made theirs available for public inspection, and sometimes even sell them as books, e.g. \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1756494", "score": "0.7460189", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Style sheet (desktop publishing)", "text": "administrative access can make the change to the master style sheet and then \"send\" the revised style sheets to all users, so the change is automatically reflected. Some programs split style sheets into two classes: paragraph and character. Paragraph style sheets are applied to an entire paragraph while character styles are applied to only a select number of characters. Character styles are useful when a user needs to format only a small portion of a paragraph. For example, a newspaper may publish lists of current movies by starting with the name of a movie in a bold, sans serif typeface.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4369907", "score": "0.7435057", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Tableless web design", "text": "provide different layouts for different devices, e.g. handhelds, mobile phones, etc. It is also possible to specify a different style sheet for print, e.g. to hide or modify the appearance of advertisements or navigation elements that are irrelevant and a nuisance in the printable version of the page. The W3C's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines' guideline no. 3 states \"use markup and style sheets and do so properly.\" The guideline's checkpoint 3.3, a priority-2 checkpoint, says \"use style sheets to control layout and presentation.\" Tableless design produces web pages with fewer HTML tags used purely to position content. This normally means", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6096011", "score": "0.7427238", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Style sheet (web development)", "text": "only the meanings an author intends to convey, the styling of the various elements of the document's content is very consistent. For example, headings, emphasized text, lists and mathematical expressions all receive consistently applied style properties from the external style sheet. Authors need not concern themselves with the style properties at the time of composition. These presentational details can be deferred until the moment of presentation. The deferment of presentational details until the time of presentation means that a document can be easily re-purposed for an entirely different presentation medium with merely the application of a new style sheet already", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3775952", "score": "0.74088466", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Business Style Handbook", "text": "viewed as a core competency in the corporate world.” The Case for Standards Reviews the benefits organizations can gain from helping employees strengthen their writing skills. Write with Purpose Outlines how to approach writing strategically. Email: Before You Hit Send Gives recommendations for best practices in business emails, such as how to write smartphone-friendly emails. The A-to-Z Entries A 200-page section of entries on usage, grammar, punctuation and spelling for words and phrases relevant for business writing. Example: bottom line, bottom-line Two words when used as a noun, as in \"How will the price increase impact the bottom line?\" Write", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18153006", "score": "0.7408458", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Web page", "text": "the browser (the client) to enhance the web page through user input to the server. Web pages usually include information such as the colors of text and backgrounds and very often contain links to images and other types of media to be included in the final view. Layout, typographic and color-scheme information is provided by Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) instructions, which can either be embedded in the HTML or can be provided by a separate file, which is referenced from within the HTML. The latter case is especially relevant where one lengthy stylesheet is relevant to a whole website: due", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12909511", "score": "0.73460466", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sentence spacing in language and style guides", "text": "for writers began diverging from printer's manuals, indicating that writers should double-space between sentences. This held for most of the 20th century until the computer began replacing the typewriter as the primary means of creating text. In the 1990s, style guides reverted to recommending a single-space between sentences. However, instead of a slightly larger sentence space, style guides simply indicated a standard word space. This is now the convention for publishers. Style guides are important to writers since \"virtually all professional editors work closely with one of them in editing a manuscript for publication.\" Comprehensive style guides, such as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14486901", "score": "0.7344897", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Cascading Style Sheets", "text": "Cascading Style Sheets Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript. CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13495894", "score": "0.73399013", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Cascading Style Sheets", "text": "gave the designer more control over site appearance, at the cost of more complex HTML. Variations in web browser implementations, such as ViolaWWW and WorldWideWeb, made consistent site appearance difficult, and users had less control over how web content was displayed. The browser/editor developed by Tim Berners-Lee had style sheets that were hard-coded into the program. The style sheets could therefore not be linked to documents on the web. Robert Cailliau, also of CERN, wanted to separate the structure from the presentation so that different style sheets could describe different presentation for printing, screen-based presentations, and editors. Improving web presentation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13495914", "score": "0.7311785", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Style guide", "long_answer": "A style guide establishes and enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces best practice in usage and in language composition, visual composition, orthography and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship, research ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and compliance (technical and regulatory).", "chunked_long_answer": "A style guide establishes and enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces best practice in usage and in language composition, visual composition, orthography and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship, research ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and compliance (technical and regulatory).", "short_answers": [ "improve communication" ] }

[ "approximately 5 liters" ]

[ { "title": "Blood volume", "text": "A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Blood", "text": "the presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or \"formed elements\") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "47125", "score": "0.90201336", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Extracellular fluid", "text": "among others, the pH, sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations in the ECF. The volume of body fluid, blood glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels are also tightly homeostatically maintained. The volume of extracellular fluid in a young adult male of 70 kg (154 lbs) is 20% of body weight – about fourteen litres. Eleven litres is interstitial fluid and the remaining three litres is plasma. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid which surrounds the cells in the body. The other major component of the ECF is the intravascular fluid of the circulatory system called blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2674851", "score": "0.85834324", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Blood volume", "text": "a product of Daxor Corporation, consists of an automated well counter interfaced with a computer. It is able to report Total Blood Volume (TBV), Plasma Volume (PV) and Red Cell Volume (RCV) using the indicator dilution principle, microhematocrit centrifugation and the Ideal Height and Weight Method. The indicator or tracer, is an I-131 albumin injection. An equal amount of the tracer is injected into a known and unknown volume. Clinically, the unknown volume is the patient's blood volume, with the tracer having been injected into the patient's blood stream and tagged to the blood plasma. Once the tracer is injected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5890315", "score": "0.85173744", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Body fluid", "text": "volume. The vascular volume is divided into the venous volume and the secreted arterial volume; and the arterial volume has a conceptually useful but unmeasurable subcompartment called the effective arterial blood volume. There are approximately 6 to 10 liters of lymph in the body, compared to 3.5 to 5 liters of blood. By type: By location: In plants: Body fluid is the term most often used in medical and health contexts. Modern medical, public health, and personal hygiene practices treat body fluids as potentially unclean. This is because they can be vectors for infectious diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2129232", "score": "0.8440266", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Biofluid dynamics", "text": "clotting. In addition to these 55 to 60 percent of blood by volume consists of plasma. Plasma is the transparent, amber-colored liquid in which the cellular components of blood are suspended. Plasma contains constituents such as proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and nutrients. The serum is blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed.Blood accounts for 6 to 8 percent of body weight in normal, healthy humans. The density of blood is slightly greater than the density of water at approximately 1060 kg/m3. The increased density comes from the increased density of a red blood cell compared with the density of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19835116", "score": "0.82828027", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Blood plasma", "text": "Blood plasma Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%) (i.e.—serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg, HCO, Cl, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation) and oxygen.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1684637", "score": "0.8275163", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Hematocrit", "text": "after \"lactokrit\", which was used in dairy farming. With modern lab equipment, the hematocrit is calculated by an automated analyzer and is not directly measured. It is determined by multiplying the red cell count by the mean cell volume. The hematocrit is slightly more accurate as the PCV includes small amounts of blood plasma trapped between the red cells. An estimated hematocrit as a percentage may be derived by tripling the hemoglobin concentration in g/dL and dropping the units. The packed cell volume (PCV) can be determined by centrifuging heparinized blood in a capillary tube (also known as a microhematocrit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2542385", "score": "0.81315076", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Intravascular volume status", "text": "due to hyponatremia or liver failure). Volume contraction of intravascular fluid (blood plasma) is termed hypovolemia, and its signs include, in order of severity: Signs of intravascular volume overload (high blood volume) include: For the clinical assessment of Intravascular Blood Volume, the BVA-100, a semi-automated blood volume analyzer device that has FDA approval, determines the status of a patient’s blood volume based on the Ideal Height and Weight Method. Using a patient’s ideal weight and actual weight, the percent deviation from the desirable weight is found using the following equation: formula_1 Using the deviation from desirable weight, the BV ratio", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9760136", "score": "0.8124495", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hematocrit", "text": "Hematocrit The hematocrit () (Ht or HCT), also known by several other names, is the volume percentage (vol%) of red blood cells in blood. It is normally 47% ±5% for men and 42% ±5% for women. It is considered an integral part of a person's complete blood count results, along with hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Because the purpose of red blood cells is to transfer oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, a blood sample's hematocrit—the red blood cell volume percentage—can become a point of reference of its capability of delivering oxygen. The measure of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2542383", "score": "0.8120723", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Red blood cell", "text": "the centre of 0.8–1 µm, being much smaller than most other human cells. These cells have an average volume of about 90 fL with a surface of about 136 μm, and can swell up to a sphere shape containing 150 fL, without membrane distension. Adult humans have roughly 20–30 trillion red blood cells at any given time, constituting approximately 70% of all cells by number. Women have about 4–5 million red blood cells per microliter (cubic millimeter) of blood and men about 5–6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more. Red blood cells are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "766114", "score": "0.81154144", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Volume of distribution", "text": "distributed out into some other volume (read organs/tissue). So probably the first question you want to ask is: how much of the drug is no longer in the blood stream? The volume of distribution formula_6 quantifies just that by specifying how big a volume you would need in order to observe the blood concentration actually measured. A practical example for a simple case (mono-compartmental) would be to administer D=8 mg/kg to a human. A human has a blood volume of around formula_70.08 l/kg This gives a formula_8100 µg/ml if the drug stays in the blood stream only, and thus its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4272269", "score": "0.8109866", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Mean corpuscular volume", "text": "units of µL to fL by multiplying by formula_5. The result would look like this: Note: the shortcut proposed above just makes the units work out: formula_7 Mean corpuscular volume The mean corpuscular volume, or mean cell volume (MCV), is a measure of the average volume of a red blood corpuscle (or red blood cell). The measure is attained by multiplying a volume of blood by the proportion of blood that is cellular (the hematocrit), and dividing that product by the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in that volume. The mean corpuscular volume is a part of a standard", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2964004", "score": "0.8081534", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Volume expander", "text": "Volume expander A volume expander is a type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement. When blood is lost, the greatest immediate need is to stop further blood loss. The second greatest need is replacing the lost volume. This way remaining red blood cells can still oxygenate body tissue. Normal human blood has a significant excess oxygen transport capability, only used in cases of great physical exertion. Provided blood volume is maintained by volume expanders, a rested patient can safely tolerate very low hemoglobin levels, less", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11772999", "score": "0.8068602", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Blood volume", "text": "and critical care. The use of relative blood volume changes during dialysis is of questionable utility. Total Blood Volume can be measured manually via the Dual Isotope or Dual Tracer Technique, a classic technique, available since the 1950s. This technique requires double labeling of the blood; that is 2 injections and 2 standards (51Cr-RBC for tagging red blood cells and I-HAS for tagging plasma volume)as well as withdrawing and re-infusing patients with their own blood for blood volume analysis results. This method may take up to 6 hours for accurate results. Blood Volume may also be measured semi-automatically. The BVA-100,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5890314", "score": "0.8044368", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Volume of distribution", "text": "unit for Volume of Distribution is typically reported in liters. As body composition changes with age, V decreases. The V may also be used to determine how readily a drug will displace into the body tissue compartments relative to the blood: Where: If you administer a dose D of a drug intravenously in one go (IV-bolus), you would naturally expect it to have an immediate blood concentration formula_3 which directly corresponds to the amount of blood contained in the body formula_4. Mathematically this would be: formula_5 But this is generally not what happens. Instead you observe that the drug has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4272268", "score": "0.80296457", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Blood volume", "text": "a technician takes five blood samples which undergo microhematocrit centrifugation to extrapolate true blood volume at time 0. The concentration of the I-131 in the blood is determined from the blood radioactivity against the standard, which has a known I-131 dilution in a known volume. The unknown volume is inversely proportional to the concentration of the indicator in the known volume; the larger the unknown volume, the lower the tracer concentration, thus the unknown volume can be calculated. The microhematocrit data along with the I-131 indicator data provide a normalized hematocrit number, more accurate than hematocrit or peripheral hematocrit measurements.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5890316", "score": "0.80142677", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Blood", "text": "Blood Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "47121", "score": "0.7998773", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Blood alcohol content", "text": "per mass of blood (never a volume per volume). 1 milliliter of blood has a mass of approximately 1.06 grams. Because of this, units by volume are similar but not identical to units by mass. In the U.S. the concentration unit 1% w/v (percent mass/volume, equivalent to 10 g/l or 1 g per 100 ml) is in use. This is not to be confused with the amount of alcohol measured on the breath, as with a breathalyzer. The amount of alcohol measured on the breath is generally accepted as proportional to the amount of alcohol present in the blood at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "57732", "score": "0.7995589", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Hemodynamics", "text": "it is imperative to think about all the components of the starling equation: To identify the minimum safe hematocrit desirable for a given patient the following equation is useful: where EBV is the estimated blood volume; 70 mL/kg was used in this model and \"H\" (initial hematocrit) is the patient’s initial hematocrit. From the equation above it is clear that the volume of blood removed during the ANH to the \"H\" is the same as the \"BL\". How much blood is to be removed is usually based on the weight, not the volume. The number of units that need to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1952425", "score": "0.79950076", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Hemodynamics", "text": "in terms of the RCM Where \"RCM\" is the red cell mass that would have to be administered using homologous blood to maintain the \"H\" if ANH is not used and blood loss equals BLH. The model used assumes ANH used for a 70 kg patient with an estimated blood volume of 70 ml/kg (4900 ml). A range of \"H\" and \"H\" was evaluated to understand conditions where hemodilution is necessary to benefit the patient. The result of the model calculations are presented in a table given in the appendix for a range of \"H\" from 0.30 to 0.50 with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1952428", "score": "0.7991895", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Blood vessel", "text": "dehydration or heart disease while lower proportions could lead to anemia and long-term blood loss. Blood vessels also transport red blood cells which contain the oxygen necessary for daily activities. The amount of red blood cells present in your vessels has an effect on your health. Hematocrit tests can be performed to calculate the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. Higher proportions result in conditions such as dehydration or heart disease while lower proportions could lead to anemia and long-term blood loss. Permeability of the endothelium is pivotal in the release of nutrients to the tissue. It is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "588397", "score": "0.79906476", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Cardiac output", "text": "end-diastole volume (TEDV), central blood volume (CBV) and active circulation volume (ACVI) can be calculated using this method. The UD method was firstly introduced in 1995. It was extensively used to measure flow and volumes with extracorporeal circuit conditions, such as ECMO and Haemodialysis, leading more than 150 peer reviewed publications. UD has now been adapted to intensive care units (ICU) as the COstatus device. The UD method is based on ultrasound indicator dilution. Blood ultrasound velocity (1560–1585 m/s) is a function of total blood protein concentration—sums of proteins in plasma and in red blood red cells—and temperature. Injection of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1816656", "score": "0.7966031", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Mean corpuscular volume", "text": "Mean corpuscular volume The mean corpuscular volume, or mean cell volume (MCV), is a measure of the average volume of a red blood corpuscle (or red blood cell). The measure is attained by multiplying a volume of blood by the proportion of blood that is cellular (the hematocrit), and dividing that product by the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in that volume. The mean corpuscular volume is a part of a standard complete blood count. In patients with anemia, it is the MCV measurement that allows classification as either a microcytic anemia (MCV below normal range), normocytic anemia (MCV", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2963998", "score": "0.79628354", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mean platelet volume", "text": "Mean platelet volume Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems. MPV is higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in inflammatory bowel disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myeloproliferative diseases and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. It may also be related to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6988565", "score": "0.7954445", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Fluid compartments", "text": "(the blood plasma). The other intravascular fluid is lymph. It too represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside its lymphocytes) and the extracellular compartment (the noncellular matrix of the lymph, which is roughly equivalent to serum). The average volume of plasma in the average (70 kg) male is approximately 3.5 liters. The volume of the intravascular compartment is regulated in part by hydrostatic pressure gradients, and by reabsorption by the kidneys. The third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, consists of those spaces in the body where fluid does not normally collect in larger amounts, or where any significant fluid collection", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11220762", "score": "0.7954292", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Blood", "text": "whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%. Whole blood (plasma and cells) exhibits non-Newtonian fluid dynamics. If all human hemoglobin were free in the plasma rather than being contained in RBCs, the circulatory fluid would be too viscous for the cardiovascular system to function effectively. One microliter of blood contains: About 55% of blood is blood plasma, a fluid that is the blood's liquid medium, which by itself is straw-yellow in color. The blood plasma volume totals of 2.7–3.0 liters (2.8–3.2 quarts) in an average human. It is essentially an aqueous solution containing 92% water, 8%", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "47126", "score": "0.7951474", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hematocrit", "text": "tube) at 10,000 RPM for five minutes. This separates the blood into layers. The volume of packed red blood cells divided by the total volume of the blood sample gives the PCV. Since a tube is used, this can be calculated by measuring the lengths of the layers. Another way of measuring hematocrit levels is by optical methods such as spectrophotometry. Through differential spectrophotometry, the differences in optical densities of a blood sample flowing through small-bore glass tubes at isosbestic wavelengths for deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin and the product of the luminal diameter and hematocrit create a linear relationship that is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2542386", "score": "0.79353154", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Complete blood count", "text": "grams per decilitre. A low level of hemoglobin is a sign of anemia. Hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV): This is the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells. RBC Indices are typically calculated from other measured RBC parameters. They include the MHC, MCHC, MCV and RDW. Automated analyzers measure MCV directly, and use it and the RBC to calculate the Hematocrit. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): the average volume of the red cells, measured in femtolitres. Anemia is classified as microcytic or macrocytic if the MCV value is above or below the expected normal range; anemias", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1814988", "score": "0.7916319", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Mean corpuscular volume", "text": "cells. For further specification, it can be used to calculate red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The RDW is a statistical calculation made by automated analyzers that reflects the variability in size and shape of the RBCs. To calculate MCV, the hematocrit (Hct) is divided by the concentration of RBCs ([RBC]) formula_1 Normally, MCV is expressed in femtoliters (fL, or 10L), and [RBC] is the quantity expressed in millions per microliter (10 / μL). The normal range for MCV is 80–100 fL. For example, if the Hct = 42.5% and [RBC] = 4.58 million per microliter (4,580,000/μL), then formula_2 The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2964000", "score": "0.7883003", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Blood volume", "long_answer": "A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys.", "chunked_long_answer": "A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females generally having less blood volume than males. Blood volume is regulated by the kidneys.", "short_answers": [ "approximately 5 liters" ] }

[ "11 January 1923", "January 1923", "1923" ]

[ { "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "text": "The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I.\n", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ruhr Question", "text": "policy of containment in particular. Ruhr Question The Ruhr Question was a political topos put on the agenda by the Allies of World War I and the Allies of World War II in the negotiations following each respective war, concerning how to deal with the economic and technological potential of the area where the Rhine and Ruhr intersect. France was heavily in favor of monitoring this region, due to the perception that the economic and technological potential of the region had allowed the German Reich to threaten and occupy France during the Franco-Prussian War, World War I, and World War", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20172930", "score": "1.3216023", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ruhr Question", "text": "Ruhr Question The Ruhr Question was a political topos put on the agenda by the Allies of World War I and the Allies of World War II in the negotiations following each respective war, concerning how to deal with the economic and technological potential of the area where the Rhine and Ruhr intersect. France was heavily in favor of monitoring this region, due to the perception that the economic and technological potential of the region had allowed the German Reich to threaten and occupy France during the Franco-Prussian War, World War I, and World War II. The Ruhr question was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20172915", "score": "1.2984791", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Ruhr", "text": "not stand up for their allies in the East. Hitler could now continue eroding the alliance system that France had built since 1919. On 16 October 1936, Belgium repudiated the 1921 alliance with France and declared its absolute neutrality. In October 1937, Belgium signed a non-aggression pact with Germany. During World War II, the bombing of the Ruhr in 1940–1944 caused a loss of 30% of plant and equipment (compared to 15–20% for German industry as a whole). A second battle of the Ruhr (6/7 October 1944 – end of 1944) began with an attack on Dortmund. The devastating bombing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "936543", "score": "1.2447939", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ruhr Question", "text": "leading to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 resulted in the creation of a \"security glacis\" against Germany in the form of the cessation of the Left Bank of the Rhine, extensive demilitarization, armament restrictions, and the Allied occupation of the Rhineland. In addition, France was able to achieve considerable reparations from Germany after the first World War. If the German Reich could not meet the requirements of the reparations, the negotiation terms of the threatened to divide the Ruhr through forced occupation. At this time, the Ruhr was known as the \"Rhine-Westphalian coal and industrial area\", including Lippe in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20172918", "score": "1.2373624", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ruhr Question", "text": "the vision of a \"Ruhr basin\" (\"Ruhrbecken\") as free from a future German state or German states. At the conferences of the Allies, the question of the Ruhr came more and more into the agenda, mostly due to French proposals. At the Foreign Minister's Conference, which took place in London from September 11th, 1945 until October 2nd, 1945, French foreign minister Georges Bidault issued a memorandum of 13 September 1945. This memorandum stated that the separation of the Rhineland and Westphalia, including the Ruhr area of the German Reich, as \"indispensable for the protection of the frontier and an essential", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20172921", "score": "1.2150791", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Axis powers", "text": "When war between Germany versus Britain and France appeared likely in May 1939, Hitler declared that the Netherlands and Belgium would need to be occupied, saying: \"Dutch and Belgian air bases must be occupied ... Declarations of neutrality must be ignored\". In a conference with Germany's military leaders on 23 November 1939, Hitler declared to the military leaders that \"We have an Achilles heel, the Ruhr\", and said that \"If England and France push through Belgium and Holland into the Ruhr, we shall be in the greatest danger\", and thus claimed that Belgium and the Netherlands had to be occupied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "540166", "score": "1.1892624", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Ruhr Question", "text": "themselves how to deal with the economic and technological potential of the Rhine and Ruhr. When the French were deliberating the future of Germany, the Ruhr Question was their top priority. The industrialized area of the Rhine and Ruhr, highly stylized in Nazi propaganda as the \"armory of the empire\", represented for France at the end of World War II far more than merely an Industrial region. Rather, the Ruhr was \"a symbol of German Power and a source of French humiliation\". As early as February 5th, 1945, France's provisional head of government Charles de Gaulle broadcast a speech introducing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20172920", "score": "1.1827402", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "text": "important harbour in Duisburg-Ruhrort, ending French occupation of the Ruhr region on 25 August 1925. According to Sally Marks, the occupation of the Ruhr \"was profitable and caused neither the German hyperinflation, which began in 1922 and ballooned because of German responses to the Ruhr occupation, nor the franc's 1924 collapse, which arose from French financial practices and the evaporation of reparations\". Marks suggests the profits, after Ruhr-Rhineland occupation costs, were nearly 900 million gold marks. Despite his disagreements with Britain, Poincaré desired to preserve the Anglo-French entente and thus moderated his aims to a degree. His major goal was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4735557", "score": "1.1825613", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ruhr", "text": "came out victorious, but during that time, a return to an autocratic state was seen as the only way forward. Large parts of the working class went out on strike, but in the Ruhr, striking workers successfully managed to take government buildings, shocking the rest of Germany. An armed revolt was then instigated, and the Red Guard then installed a branch in the Ruhr. The people there declared the Ruhr an independent, socialist republic, but the Freikorp came back into the scene and put down the movement. In March 1921, French and Belgian troops occupied Duisburg, which under the Treaty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "936539", "score": "1.1718823", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "1920 in Germany", "text": "the republican army. The latest casualty list which had been received from the disturbed area proved the severity of the actions which had taken place; 160 officers and men had been killed and nearly 400 had been wounded. The advance of the German troops into the Ruhr had been necessary in order to protect the lives and property of peaceable citizens living in that district. It was true, said the speaker, that according to Articles 42 and 43 of the treaty of peace, the German government were not allowed to assemble armed forces in the neutral zone, because to do", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2630908", "score": "1.158864", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Causes of World War II", "text": "the Ruhr to compensate for the destruction of French coalmines during the war. Because France feared for its safety as a country, the French demanded an amount of coal that was a \"technical impossibility\" for the Germans to pay back. France wanted the German Rhineland demilitarized because that would hinder a German attack. This gave France a physical security barrier between itself and Germany. The inordinate amount of reparations, coal payments, and the principle of a demilitarized Rhineland were viewed by the Germans to be insulting and unreasonable. \"No postwar German government believed it could accept such a burden on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3358893", "score": "1.1486375", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1920 in France", "text": "reestablished there. The French government, however, interposed obstacles to the granting of any such license to the German government. The revolt continued to spread, and at the beginning of April German troops marched into the Ruhr Valley to restore order, although no permission for them to do so had been granted by the Allies as a whole. Thereupon the French government, without the consent of the British and Italian governments, ordered their own troops to march forward into the neutral zone - though not into the same part of the neutral zone - and to occupy various German towns as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2630727", "score": "1.147667", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)", "text": "bomb. If an enemy bomber reaches the Ruhr, my name is not Hermann Göring!\" Because of the smog and the lack of aircraft fitted for aerial photography, the British were unable to determine how effective the raid had been; in fact the damage was negligible. The signing of the armistice with France in the Compiègne Forest on 24 June 1940 greatly changed the conditions of the Economic War. Hitler assumed control over the whole of Western Europe and Scandinavia (except for Sweden and Switzerland) from the north tip of Norway high above the Arctic Circle to the Pyrenees on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15466689", "score": "1.1460805", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Schlieffen Plan", "text": "war, even though their troops would be outnumbered but this was their best option and the assumption became the theme of his analysis. In , Germany would have to attack to win such a war, which entailed all of the German army being deployed on the German–Belgian border to invade France through Limburg, the southern province of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. The deployment plan assumed that Italian and Austro-Hungarian troops would defend Alsace-Lorraine (). Helmuth von Moltke the Younger took over from Schlieffen as Chief of the German General Staff on 1 January 1906, beset with doubts about the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1519607", "score": "1.1438338", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1920 in Germany", "text": "should be left in the hands of the German government with a warning that if the neutral zone were not re-evacuated as soon as practicable, a further district of Germany would be occupied by the Entente. The French government, however, raised difficulties; and declared that if the Germans were allowed to send forces into the Ruhr District, they (the French) should be allowed to occupy Frankfurt, Homburg, and other neighbouring German towns, with the sanction of the Allies, during the period that the German troops were in the neutral zone. Owing to these differences of opinion between the Allied governments", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2630902", "score": "1.1349791", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Ruhr", "text": "to negotiate the Dawes Plan, which led to the withdrawal of the French and Belgian troops from the Ruhr in 1925. However, the occupation of the Ruhr caused several direct and indirect consequences on the German economy and government. Due to the lack of production caused by foreign occupation, the German economy lacked the domestic abilities to pay war reparations without intentionally causing inflation. Moreover, the government became increasingly unpopular due to its \"passive resistance\" to German production. The halt in domestic production made war reparations impossible to pay. On 7 March 1936, Adolf Hitler took a massive gamble by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "936541", "score": "1.1323622", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "text": "the winning of the extraction of reparations payments from Germany. His inflexible methods and authoritarian personality led to the failure of his diplomacy. When on 12 July 1922, Germany demanded a moratorium on reparation payments, tension developed between the French government of Raymond Poincaré and the Coalition government of David Lloyd George. The British Labour Party demanded peace and denounced Lloyd George as a troublemaker. It saw Germany as the martyr of the postwar period and France as vengeful and the principal threat to peace in Europe. The tension between France and Britain peaked during a conference in Paris in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4735558", "score": "1.1270273", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "text": "huge. As some of the payments were in raw materials, German factories were unable to function, and the German economy suffered, further damaging the country's ability to pay. By late 1922, the German defaults on payments had grown so regular that a crisis engulfed the Reparations Commission; the French and Belgian delegates urged occupying the Ruhr as a way of forcing Germany to pay more, while the British delegate urged a lowering of the payments. As a consequence of a German default on timber deliveries in December 1922, the Reparations Commission declared Germany in default, which led to the Franco-Belgian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4735548", "score": "1.1249962", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "text": "Sir Eric Phipps commented that “The London Conference was for the French 'man in the street' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission, the right of sanctions in the event of German default, the economic occupation of the Ruhr, the French-Belgian railroad Régie, and finally, the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year”. The Dawes Plan was significant in European history as it marked the first time that Germany had succeeded in defying Versailles, and revised an aspect of the treaty in its favour.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4735560", "score": "1.1249739", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "text": "The Saar region remained under French control until 1935. In German politics, the French occupation of the Rhineland accelerated the formation of right-wing parties. Disoriented by the defeat in the war, conservatives in 1922 founded a consortium of nationalist associations, the \"Vereinigten Vaterländischen Verbände Deutschlands\" (VVVD, \"United Patriotic Associations of Germany\"). The goal was to forge a united front of the right. In the climate of national resistance against the French Ruhr invasion, the VVVD reached its peak strength. It advocated policies of uncompromising monarchism, corporatism and opposition to the Versailles settlement. However, it lacked internal unity and money and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4735561", "score": "1.1235235", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Ruhr", "text": "condition for the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany. During the Cold War, the Western allies anticipated that any Red Army thrust into Western Europe would begin in the Fulda Gap and have the Ruhr as a primary target. Increased German control of the area was limited by the pooling of German coal and steel into the multinational European Coal and Steel Community in 1951. The nearby Saar region, containing much of Germany's remaining coal deposits, was handed over to economic administration by France as a protectorate in 1947 and did not politically return to Germany until January 1957,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "936545", "score": "1.1227477", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Ruhr", "text": "sending 30,000 troops into the Rhineland. As Hitler and other Nazis admitted, the French army alone could have destroyed the Wehrmacht. The French passed the problem to the British, who found that the Germans had the right to \"enter their own backyard\", and no action was taken. In the League of Nations, the Soviet delegate Maxim Litvinov was the only one who proposed economic sanctions against Germany. All restraint on German rearmament was now removed. France's eastern allies (the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia) concluded that since the French refused to defend their own border, they certainly would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "936542", "score": "1.1212683", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Anglo-French Supreme War Council", "text": "on 17 November (in Paris) and 19 December, the French turned down a British scheme to bomb industrial targets in the Ruhr if the Germans were to invade Belgium. The French view was that such action would not stop the invasion of Belgium, but it would risk retaliation by the Luftwaffe against Britain and France. The meeting of the SWC held in Paris on 5 February 1940 was the first to be attended by Winston Churchill, who, as First Lord of the Admiralty, had been invited to participate by Neville Chamberlain. Here, the British rejected France's proposal for an expedition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12544706", "score": "1.1182928", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Charles de Gaulle", "text": "the Ruhr as reparations for the war, but the US refused to allow this, fearing a repetition of the bitterness after the Treaty of Versailles which partly caused World War II. Under the inspiration of the French statesmen Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman, together with the German leader Konrad Adenauer, the rift between the two nations had begun to heal and along with Italy and the Benelux countries, they formed the European Coal and Steel Community, which following the Treaty of Rome of 1957 became the European Economic Community, also known as the Common Market, launched soon before de Gaulle's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "617482", "score": "1.11499", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "1920 in Germany", "text": "no quick decision was reached; in the meantime, the insurrection in the Ruhr Valley was becoming daily more serious. Moreover, the German government themselves hindered a settlement by indicating that they could not accept the French suggestion of a parallel occupation of Frankfurt by French troops. It was obvious that matters would soon reach a crisis, notwithstanding the conciliatory efforts of the British government It came as no great surprise, when, on April 3, German regular troops, of the Reichswehr, entered the neutral zone in force, although no permission for them to do so had been granted by the Entente.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2630903", "score": "1.1145566", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "1920 in France", "text": "war criminals was signed by the British prime minister was that at the time the note was sent the peace conference was sitting in London. The premier said, however, that France was determined to see the terms of the Treaty of Versailles fulfilled, and although the British government were in favour of allowing the German government to send troops into the Ruhr District, to suppress the Spartacist insurrection there, France viewed these movements of troops with grave concern. The differences between the French and British governments were also apparent at the beginning of April, when the German government was suppressing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2630724", "score": "1.1133343", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Ruhr uprising", "text": "at the time of their arrest were shot—including the wounded. On 3 April 1920, Reichspräsident Ebert forbade these summary executions. On 12 April 1920, General von Watter forbade his soldiers from engaging in \"unlawful behaviour\". The actions of both sides in the fighting have been described as showing \"a maximum of cruelty\". On 5 April, a large part of the Ruhr Army fled before the Reichswehr to the region occupied by the French Army. In response to the Reichswehr presence in the Ruhr, which contravened the Treaty of Versailles, the French occupied towns like Frankfurt, Hanau and Darmstadt on 6", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14176081", "score": "1.1114092", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Ruhr Question", "text": "Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, agreed with the other Prime Ministers of the German states to accept the \"International Authority for the Ruhr\" on the condition that other coal and steel locations in the West of Europe were put under the same control. This condition was not met by the Ruhr statute, but discussions subsequently went in the direction of an economic union of European countries. With the Petersberg Agreement on November 22nd, 1949, the first federal government under Konrad Adenauer accepted the \"International Authority for the Ruhr\". In December of 1949, West Germany officially gained voting rights in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20172927", "score": "1.1109388", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "French war planning 1920–1940", "text": "was to inflict a big defeat on the Allies and occupy as much of the Netherlands, Belgium and northern France as possible, to conduct an air war against Britain and protect the Ruhr against an Allied invasion of Germany. Several times over the winter Hitler ordered the plan to be implemented, with several tip-offs reaching the Allies through agents and Ultra signals intelligence. A warning that the German offensive would begin on 12 November was received from various sources, with the main panzer effort to be made against the Low Countries (Belgium and the Netherlands) and the Allied forces were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9665620", "score": "1.1104732", "original_retrieval_index": 52 } ]

{ "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr", "long_answer": "The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I.\n", "short_answers": [ "1923" ] }

[ "Psychological fiction", "novella" ]

[ { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton in October 1934. It has been adapted into two cinema films and two television presentations. The novella has remained an essential part of the English subject syllabus taught at Pakistan's higher secondary school level for the past 30 years, although its choice has received some criticism in the recent past due to perceived lack of relevance to the local society and education system.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "James Hilton (novelist)", "text": "next eleven years were difficult for him, and it was not until 1931 that he had success with the novel \"And Now Goodbye\". Following this, several of his books were international bestsellers and inspired successful film adaptations, notably \"Lost Horizon\" (1933), which won a Hawthornden Prize; \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\" (1934); and \"Random Harvest\" (1941). After this, he continued to write, but the works were not regarded as of the same quality as his best-known novels. Hilton's books are sometimes characterised as sentimental and idealistic celebrations of English virtues. This is true of \"Mr. Chips\", but some of his novels had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "727573", "score": "1.1129141", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film) Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a 1969 American musical film directed by Herbert Ross. The screenplay by Terence Rattigan is based on James Hilton's 1934 novel \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\", which was first adapted for the screen in 1939. In 1920s Britain, Arthur Chipping is an established member of the teaching staff at the Brookfield School. He is a stodgy teacher of Latin, disliked by his pupils, who find him boring and call him \"Ditchy,\" short for \"dull as ditch-water.\" Chips meets Katherine Bridges, a music hall soubrette, in the dining room of the Savoy Hotel in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087683", "score": "1.1058924", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "mechanical flamboyance, he gives Chips an air of genuine, if seedy, grandeur that shines through dozens of make-up changes… Miss Clark is a fine rock singer with the quality of a somewhat tough Julie Andrews (which I like and is not to be confused with Miss Andrews's steely cool)… The film is the first directorial effort of Herbert Ross…the sort of director who depends heavily on the use of the zoom, the boom and the helicopter, which gives the movie the contradictory look of a mod-Victorian valentine…[he] has handled the musical sequences…more or less as soliloquies. O'Toole talks his with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087692", "score": "1.089104", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "quickly wins the favour of Brookfield's pupils. Their marriage is brief. She dies in childbirth and he never remarries or has another romantic interest. One of the poignant and bittersweet themes of the book is that Chipping so outlasts all of his peers that his brief marriage fades into myth and few people know him as anything other than a confirmed and lonely bachelor. Despite Chipping's mediocre credentials and his view that Greek and Latin (his academic subjects) are dead languages, he is an effective teacher who becomes highly regarded by students and the school's governors - he has become", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721759", "score": "1.0633159", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "tenure at Brookfield in September 1870, at the age of 22, as the Franco-Prussian War was breaking out; he dies in November 1933, at the age of 85, shortly after Adolf Hitler's rise to power. The setting for \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\" is probably based on The Leys School, Cambridge, where James Hilton was a pupil (1915–18). Hilton is reported to have said that the inspiration for the protagonist, Mr. Chips, came from many sources, including his father, who was the headmaster of Chapel End School. Mr. Chips is also likely to have been based on W. H. Balgarnie, a master", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721761", "score": "1.0539553", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "first performed at the Shaftesbury Theatre on 23 September 1938, with Leslie Banks as Mr. Chips and Constance Cummings as his wife Katherine. It ran for over 100 performances until 14 January 1939. A stage musical based on the original novel, but using most of the Leslie Bricusse vocal score of the 1969 film, was mounted at the Chichester Festival and opened on 11 August 1982. The book was by Roland Starke and the production was directed by Patrick Garland and Christopher Selbie. Among the Chichester Festival cast were John Mills as Mr. Chips, Colette Gleeson as Kathie, Nigel Stock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721765", "score": "1.0462029", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 film)", "text": "\"Chips\" out of his shell and shows him how to be a better teacher. He acquires a flair for Latin puns. As the years pass, Chips becomes a much-loved school institution, developing a rapport with generations of pupils; he teaches the sons and grandsons of many of his earlier pupils. In 1909, when he is pressured to retire by a more \"modern\" headmaster, the boys and the board of governors of the school take his side of the argument and tell him he can stay until he is 100, and is free to pronounce Cicero as SIS-er-ro, and not as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4018222", "score": "1.0407159", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "Warner Home Video on January 29, 2009. It has audio tracks in English and Japanese and subtitles in English, French, Japanese, and Thai. The only bonus features are the trailers for the 1939 and 1969 films. Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film) Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a 1969 American musical film directed by Herbert Ross. The screenplay by Terence Rattigan is based on James Hilton's 1934 novel \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\", which was first adapted for the screen in 1939. In 1920s Britain, Arthur Chipping is an established member of the teaching staff at the Brookfield School. He is a stodgy teacher", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087699", "score": "1.0333264", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "London on the eve of his summer holiday. Dissatisfied with her career and depressed by her romantic entanglements, she sets sail on a Mediterranean cruise and is reunited with Chips by chance in Pompeii. Seeing in him a lonely soul similar to herself, she arranges an evening at the theatre after they return to Britain, and the two find themselves drawn to each other. When Chips arrives at Brookfield for the autumn term, it is with his new wife on his arm, much to the shock of the staff and delight of the pupils, who find Mrs Chips' charm to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087684", "score": "1.0212567", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "1933, as a supplement to the \"British Weekly\", an evangelical newspaper. It came to prominence when it was reprinted as the lead piece of the April 1934 issue of \"The Atlantic\". The success of the \"Atlantic Monthly\" publication prompted a book deal between the author and the US publisher Little, Brown and Company, who published the story in book form for the first time in June 1934. The Great Depression had elevated business risks for most publishing houses, and Little, Brown were no exception. They cautiously released a small first print run. Public demand for more was immediate, and Little,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721756", "score": "1.0182934", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "Katherine Bridges has been transformed into a music hall soubrette. In the earlier 1939 film, as in the novel, Katherine dies in childbirth, after a much shorter marriage. For the most part the reviews were lukewarm, although both O'Toole and Clark were universally praised for their performances and the obvious chemistry between them. According to \"Seventeen\", \"Rarely have a pair of players been so marvelously in tune with each other as Peter O'Toole and Petula Clark.\" In his review in \"The New York Times\", Vincent Canby said, \"[Peter O'Toole] has never been better. Having been forced to abandon his usual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087691", "score": "1.0076742", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "upon Balgarnie's death that \"Balgarnie was, I suppose, the chief model for my story. When I read so many other stories about public school life, I am struck by the fact that I suffered no such purgatory as their authors apparently did, and much of this miracle was due to Balgarnie.\" The mutton chop side whiskers of one of the masters at The Leys earned him the nickname \"Chops\", a likely inspiration for Mr Chips' name. In Hilton's final novel, \"Time and Time Again\" (1953), protagonist Charles Anderson bears clear biographical similarities to Hilton himself. Early in the novel, Anderson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721763", "score": "1.0031424", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 film)", "text": "the fictional Brookfield School were shot at Repton School, an independent school (at the time of filming, for boys only), located in the village of Repton in Derbyshire, whilst the interiors, school courtyards and annexes, including the supposedly exterior shots of the Austrian Tyrol Mountains, were filmed at Denham Film Studios near the village of Denham in Buckinghamshire. Around 300 boys from Repton School stayed on during the school holidays so that they could appear in the film. Richard Addinsell's score for the film has been included in a CD of his work. The liner notes of the CD include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4018225", "score": "0.9968528", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Stacy Aumonier", "text": "Stacy Aumonier Stacy Aumonier (1877–1928) was a British writer, sometimes mistakenly credited as Stacey Aumonier. Between 1913 and 1928, he wrote more than 85 short stories, 6 novels, a volume of character studies, and a volume of 15 essays. It was as a short-story writer that he was most highly regarded. Nobel Prize winner (and \"Forsyte Saga\" author) John Galsworthy described Stacy Aumonier as \"one of the best short-story writers of all time\" and predicted that, through the best of his stories, he would \"outlive all the writers of his day.\" James Hilton (author of \"Goodbye, Mr Chips\" and \"Lost", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14557451", "score": "0.9944841", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "the best things about \"Chips\" is that Ross has concentrated on telling his story, and hasn't let the songs intrude.\" In \"Holiday\" magazine, Rex Reed enthused, \"I think I'm in love with Petula Clark. If she had come along twenty years ago, a time the screen knew a mercurial presence when it saw one, she would have been a much bigger star than she ever has a chance of being now. The playing is superb. Peter O'Toole is a prim and angular Chips who wears a look of permanent insecurity; Miss Clark is a soft, sweet-smelling, dimpled doughnut with powdery", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087695", "score": "0.99415636", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "such charm that I almost suspected he was lip-syncing Rex Harrison's voice, and Miss Clark belts hers in good, modified Streisand style.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" observed, \"\"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\" uses its budget quietly, with good taste, and succeeds in being a big movie without being a gross one. I think I enjoyed it about as much as any road show since \"Funny Girl\". And that surprised me, since so much of the critical reaction has been negative. Even at its worst, \"Chips\" is inoffensive in its sentimentality. At its best, it's the first film since \"The Two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087693", "score": "0.99355185", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 film)", "text": "KEE-kir-ro. Chips finally retires in 1914 at the age of 69, but is summoned back to serve as interim headmaster because of the shortage of teachers resulting from the First World War. He remembers Kathy had predicted he would become headmaster one day. During a bombing attack by a German zeppelin, Chips insists that the boys keep on translating their Latin - choosing the story of Julius Caesar's battles against Germanic tribes, which describes the latter's belligerent nature, much to the amusement of his pupils. As the Great War drags on, Chips reads aloud into the school's Roll of Honour", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4018223", "score": "0.9896481", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "cheeks and witty anxiety, like a new Jean Arthur. Together they are perfect counterparts… \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\" is, I'm afraid, very square indeed, but thanks to an idyllic cast and a magnificent director, there is so much love and beauty in it that it made my heart stop with joy. I found it all quite irresistible.\" Archer Winsten of the \"New York Post\" stated, \"[It] has been produced in England in surroundings of inevitable authenticity and taste, with performers of extraordinary talent and range, and the results are here for all of us to share the sentimental warmth…that O'Toole performance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087696", "score": "0.9868319", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "Denham in Buckinghamshire. Around 200 boys from Repton School stayed on during the school holidays so that they could appear in the film. In 1969 a musical film version appeared, starring Peter O’Toole and Petula Clark, with songs by Leslie Bricusse and an underscore by John Williams. In this version the character of Katherine is greatly expanded, and the time setting of the story is moved forward several decades, with Chips’ career beginning in the early 20th century and later career covering World War II, rather than World War I. O’Toole and Clark's performances were widely praised. At the 42nd", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721768", "score": "0.9807733", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "Academy Awards, O’Toole was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, and he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy. In 1984 it was adapted as a television serial by the BBC. It starred Roy Marsden and Jill Meager and ran for six half-hour episodes. Many scenes were filmed at Repton School, Derbyshire, in an effort to remain faithful to the original film. A television film adaptation was produced by STV Productions (then known as \"SMG TV Productions\") in 2002. It aired on the ITV Network in Britain and on PBS's \"Masterpiece Theatre\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721769", "score": "0.97946", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "London, 59 Strand-on-the-Green in Chiswick served as Katherine's home, and the Salisbury, a popular bar in the West End theatre district, was the setting for a scene in which Chips and Katherine shared a drink after a performance of \"Medea\". Sherborne School in Dorset stood in for Brookfield, and scenes were filmed in the town of Sherborne. This included scenes at Sherborne station where withdrawn 'Brighton line' 4 LAV electric multiple unit numbers 2924 and 2943 were hauled down in October 1968 for filming before being hauled away for scrapping on 22 October 1968. Petula Clark's two musical production numbers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087688", "score": "0.9684893", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "is a gem, and Petula Clark knows exactly how to enhance its brilliance, and her own, most effectively.\" In \"Life\", Richard Schickel wrote \"Petula Clark…is fresh and charming. Together with O’Toole she provides the firm, bright core for a film always in danger of becoming mushy. Nearly unaided, they make the old thing work—and make it worthwhile.\" A reviewer for the British Channel 4 feels \"the main problem with turning the film into a musical is that the songs lack the emotion that the story really needs… That said, O'Toole is superb as Chips and Clark charming as the woman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087697", "score": "0.96465397", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Reader's Digest Condensed Books", "text": "published in 1930 (Autumn 1951) or \"Goodbye Mr. Chips\", originally published in 1934 (Summer 1961)) were also among the condensed selections. Volume 1 - Spring Volume 2 - Summer Volume 3 - Autumn Volume 4 - Winter Volume 5 - Spring Volume 6 - Summer Volume 7 - Autumn Volume 8 - Winter <br> Volume 9 - Spring Volume 10 - Summer <br> Volume 11 - Autumn Volume 12 - Winter <br> Spring 1953 Selections Volume 14 - Summer <br> Volume 15 - Autumn Volume 16 - Winter <br> Volume 17 - Spring Volume 18 - Summer <br> Volume 19", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8835382", "score": "0.963621", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "be irresistible. Although her close friend and confidante Ursula Mossbank helps Katherine thwart Lord Sutterwick's plan to deprive the school of a generous financial endowment because of the woman's background, her past eventually deprives Chips of his longheld dream of being named headmaster in 1939. Still, the couple's devotion to each other overcomes all obstacles threatening their marriage, extending through 20 years together, when Katherine is killed in 1944 by a German V-1 flying bomb while entertaining the troops at a local Royal Air Force base. Too late for his wife to share in his happiness, Chips was picked as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087685", "score": "0.9600656", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "headmaster of Brookfield that same day, and lives out his years at the school, loved by his pupils and comforted by his happy memories. A draft of a musical adaptation of \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\" was on file in the M-G-M script department since 1951. In 1964, with Julie Andrews flush from the success of \"Mary Poppins\", trade magazine advertisements announced she would star opposite Rex Harrison, with Vincente Minnelli listed as director, but nothing came of the project. A few years later, it was back on track with its share of pre-production problems, including several changes in the casting of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087686", "score": "0.9530554", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "James Hilton (novelist)", "text": "for it ever since.) Zhongdian, a mountain region of Southwest China, has now been renamed Shangri-La (Xianggelila), based on its claim to have inspired Hilton's book. W.H Balgarnie, a master at the Leys School, Cambridge and Hilton's father, headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow, were the inspirations for the character of Mr. Chipping in \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\", a best seller. Hilton first sent the material to \"The Atlantic\" and the magazine printed it as an article in April, 1934. It was then proposed to be printed as a book. On 8 June it was published as a book. Four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "727578", "score": "0.9417231", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 film)", "text": "the lyrics for the Brookfield School song which is heard over the beginning cast credits as well as throughout the film itself. The lyrics in the body of the film are all but unintelligible, but per the notes, the lyrics are as follows: According to MGM records the film earned $1,717,000 in the US and Canada and $1,535,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $1,305,000. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards for Outstanding Production, Best Director, Actor, Actress, Best Writing, Screenplay, Best Film Editing, and Best Sound. It was up against \"Gone with the Wind\" in all seven", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4018226", "score": "0.94167125", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "text": "Brown went into an almost immediate reprinting the same month. Public demand remained strong, and Little, Brown continued to reprint the book in cautious lots for many months, with at least two reprintings per month. The first British edition went to press in October 1934. The publishers were Hodder & Stoughton, who had observed the success of the book in the United States, and they released a much larger first print run. It sold 15,000 copies on the day of publication, and they quickly found themselves going into reprints as the reading public's demand for the book proved insatiable. With", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "721757", "score": "0.9384058", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)", "text": "of Us\" that I genuinely feel deserves to be called heartwarming…the Hilton story was a best seller but hardly a work of art. By modernizing the action, Rattigan has made it possible for the movie to mirror changes in the English class structure during the two decades when it was most obviously becoming obsolete… As the schoolmaster and his wife, Peter O'Toole and Petula Clark are exactly right. O'Toole succeeds in creating a character that is aloof, chillingly correct, terribly reserved—and charming all the same…Miss Clark carries most of the musical duties in the film, and carries them well…one of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4087694", "score": "0.93803036", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips", "long_answer": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton in October 1934. It has been adapted into two cinema films and two television presentations. The novella has remained an essential part of the English subject syllabus taught at Pakistan's higher secondary school level for the past 30 years, although its choice has received some criticism in the recent past due to perceived lack of relevance to the local society and education system.", "chunked_long_answer": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a novella about the life of a schoolteacher, Mr. Chipping, written by the English writer James Hilton and first published by Hodder & Stoughton in October 1934. It has been adapted into two cinema films and two television presentations. The novella has remained an essential part of the English subject syllabus taught at Pakistan's higher secondary school level for the past 30 years, although its choice has received some criticism in the recent past due to perceived lack of relevance to the local society and education system.", "short_answers": [ "novella" ] }

[ "Yuzuru Hanyu", "Javier Fernández", "Shoma Uno" ]

[ { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles", "text": "With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs", "text": "5th in the free skate and climbed to 6th overall. He went on to win gold at Cup of Tyrol for the second time. In December, Vasiļjevs won his 3rd national title, and along with Diāna Ņikitina, was subsequently selected to represent Latvia in figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics. At the 2018 European Championships in January, he placed 3rd in the short program and earned a small bronze medal. He was 5th in the free skating after falling on a downgraded quad toeloop and finished 4th, matching the record finishes of Angelīna Kučvaļska and Konstantīns Kostins at previous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17922579", "score": "1.1575782", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs", "text": "Deniss Vasiļjevs Deniss Vasiļjevs (born 9 August 1999) is a Latvian figure skater. He is the 2016 Youth Olympics silver medallist. He is also the 2015 CS Tallinn Trophy bronze medalist, the 2016-17 and 2017-18 Cup of Tyrol champion, the 2018 Minsk-Arena Ice Star champion, and a three-time Latvian national champion. He finished in the top ten at the 2017 European Championships, in the top five at the 2018 European Championships and in the top ten at the 2018 World Championships. Earlier in his career, Vasiļjevs won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series. He is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17922571", "score": "1.1562748", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Andrei Mozalev", "text": "Andrei Mozalev Andrei Mikhailovich Mozalev (, born 24 March 2003) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 JGP Czech Republic champion. Mozalev was born on 24 March 2003 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Mozalev began learning to skate in 2008. He is coached by Kirill Davydenko. In November 2016 Mozalev made his international junior level debut at the 2016 Volvo Open Cup where he won the gold medal. Three weeks later he won another gold medal at the 2016 NRW Trophy. In November 2017 Mozalev won his 3rd international gold medal at the 2017 Tallinn Trophy. At the 2018", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908918", "score": "1.1294618", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Nathan Chen", "text": "Nathan Chen Nathan Chen (born May 5, 1999) is an American figure skater who competes in the men's singles discipline. He is the 2018 World champion, the 2018 Winter Olympic bronze medalist in the team event, the 2017 Four Continents champion, a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2017, 2018), and a two-time U.S. national champion (2017, 2018). Chen is the first and currently only skater competing with five quadruple jumps: toe loop, salchow, loop, flip and lutz. Nathan Chen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and he has four older siblings. He attended West High School in Salt Lake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14333873", "score": "1.1155691", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Brendan Kerry", "text": "the 2018 Winter Olympics in November 2017, and won his fifth consecutive senior national title at the 2017 Australian National Championships in Brisbane in December. \"GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Brendan Kerry Brendan Kerry (born 18 November 1994) is an Australian figure skater. He is a six-time Australian national champion. He has competed in the final segment at twelve ISU Championships – three World, two World Junior, and seven Four Continents Championships. Kerry has competed at two Olympic games, placing 29th in Sochi 2014 and 20th in PyeongChang 2018. Brendan Kerry was born 18 November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16292196", "score": "1.1119417", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Paul Fentz", "text": "in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. \"GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Paul Fentz Paul Fentz (born 8 September 1992) is a German figure skater. He has won four senior international medals and is the 2018 German national champion. He has competed in the final segment at four ISU Championships. Fentz began appearing on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series in the 2008–09 season. His senior international debut came at the 2011 Triglav Trophy. In the 2011–12 season, he won the silver medal at the 2012 German Championships and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16211242", "score": "1.1045278", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Mikhail Kolyada", "text": "won his 2nd consecutive Russian figure skating title, and despite errors won bronze for the 2nd consecutive year at the European Figure Skating Championships. He was selected to skate both programs for Team Russia in the Olympic Team Figure Skating event, helping the Olympic Athletes of Russia to the Team Silver medal. He won the bronze medal at the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Italy, being 2nd after the short, but dropping to 3rd after errors in the long. Kolyada started his season by competing in two ISU Challenger Series events. In mid September he won the gold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17130441", "score": "1.1039395", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Oleksii Bychenko", "text": "ranked third in the short program, 9th in the free skate, and 5th overall at the 2017 European Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic. In March, he placed 11th in the short, 12th in the free, and 10th overall at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. Due to his result, Israel qualified two spots in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Bychenko competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Men's Single Figure Skating in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and served as Israel's flag bearer at the opening ceremonies. Bychenko finished the men’s figure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9614335", "score": "1.0976596", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jin Boyang", "text": "Chinese athlete competing in men's single skating in Olympic history so far. At the 2018 World Championships, he placed fourth in the short program but dropped to 19th overall after ranking 23rd in the free skate. \"GP: Grand Prix\"; \"CS: Challenger Series\"; \"JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" \"Small medals for short and free programs are awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals are awarded for team results only.\" Jin Boyang Jin Boyang (; ; born October 3, 1997) is a Chinese figure skater. He is a two-time World bronze medalist (2016–2017), the 2018 Four Continentschampion, the 2017 Asian Winter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16739484", "score": "1.0956736", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Alexander Samarin", "text": "at the 2017 Skate Canada and placed 4th at the 2017 Internationaux de France. In December 2017 Samarin competed at the 2018 Russian Championships where he won the silver medal behind Mikhail Kolyada. In January 2018 he competed at the 2018 European Championships where he placed 6th. Samarin started his season at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he finished 5th. In his Grand Prix events, he placed 4th at 2018 Skate Canada and 3rd at 2018 Internationaux de France. In early December Samarin competed at the 2018 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb where he won the bronze medal.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16813090", "score": "1.0921063", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Keiji Tanaka", "text": "8th at the 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy after placing 4th in the short program and 9th in the free skate. He received two Grand Prix assignments, 2017 Rostelecom Cup and 2017 Cup of China. He withdrew from the first event due to a muscle injury in his right hip-pelvic area. In December, Tanaka won his second National silver medal, and was named to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships and the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships. At the 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, Tanaka set new personal bests in the short program,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15414134", "score": "1.087629", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs", "text": "European Championships. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Vasiļjevs was 21st after the short program after falling on a triple axel. In the free skating he fell again on a triple axel and on another element, but was able to move up to 19th place. In March, Vasiļjevs competed at the World Championships, where he skated a clean short program and placed 9th. In the free skate, he set a new personal best and national record to finish 6th overall. His 6th place finish is the highest ever placement by any skater representing Latvia in any discipline at Worlds. In October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17922580", "score": "1.0872833", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Matteo Rizzo", "text": "Matteo Rizzo Matteo Rizzo (born 5 September 1998) is an Italian figure skater. He is the 2018 World Junior bronze medalist and 2017 JGP Italy champion. On the senior level, he is the 2018 NHK Trophy bronze medalist and 2018 Italian national champion, and has won three ISU Challenger Series medals, including gold at the 2017 CS Warsaw Cup. He represented Italy at the 2018 Winter Olympics, qualifying to the free skate and finishing 21st overall. Matteo Rizzo was born on 5 September 1998 in Rome. His parents, Brunilde Bianchi and Valter Rizzo, and sister, Francesca Rizzo, all competed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18424765", "score": "1.0863715", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Andrew Dodds", "text": "Nice, finishing 16th. \"CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Andrew Dodds Andrew Dodds (born 2 August 1991) is an Australian figure skater. As a single skater, he is a five-time Australian national medalist and has competed in the final segment at two Four Continents Championships (2016, 2017). As an ice dancer, he is the 2017 Australian national champion with his partner, Chantelle Kerry. Andrew Dodds was born on 2 August 1991, in Gold Coast, Queensland. He studied commerce at Griffiths University. He has also studied Japanese. His brothers Matthew, Ryan and Jordan have also represented Australia in figure skating.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20454496", "score": "1.0863026", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ilia Skirda", "text": "Ilia Skirda Ilia Valeryevich Skirda (, born 21 September 2002) is a Russian figure skater who competes in men's singles. He has won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series. Skirda skated at Sokolniki Sports school before relocating to Sambo 70 skating club in 2013. He finished 7th at his first junior nationals, in 2015. After a year, he finished 4th at the 2016 Russian Junior Championships, behind Roman Savosin. In August 2016, at age 13, Skirda made his international debut at the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix (JGP) competition in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, France. Ranked 9th in the short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19705142", "score": "1.0830958", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Felipe Montoya", "text": "PyeongChang, South Korea. He placed 29th in the short program. Felipe Montoya Andrés Felipe Montoya Pulgarín (born 30 August 1990) is a Spanish competitive figure skater. He has won seven international medals and is an eight-time Spanish national medalist, having won two silver and six bronze medals. He finished within the top twenty at two European Championships (2016, 2018) and placed 29th at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Montoya was born on 30 August 1990 in Pereira, Colombia. He moved to Spain when he was eight years old. Montoya began learning to skate in 2003. He trained at Txuri-Berri Club de", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19295492", "score": "1.0774686", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles", "text": "Jin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall, and placed fourth. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Alexander Lakernik, ISU Figure Skating Vice President. Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics. Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads, five clean. He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics. With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20518268", "score": "1.076406", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Alex Kam", "text": "Alex Kam Alex Kang-chan Kam (born 23 May 1995) is a South Korean figure skater. He has represented South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics. As a single skater, he competed in the free skate at the 2012 Four Continents Championships. In 2015, he switched to pair skating, teaming up with Kim Kyu-eun in 2016. Alex Kang-chan Kam was born on 23 May 1995, in Queenstown, New Zealand. He is the elder brother of Korean ice dancer Richard Kang-in Kam. In the 2011–12 season, Kam made his international senior debut at the 2011 NRW Trophy. He was assigned to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18690179", "score": "1.0762552", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Deniss Vasiļjevs", "text": "Trophy. He ranked 6th in both segments and 7th overall at the 2017 European Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic. In March, he won his first international senior gold medal at the 2017 Cup of Tyrol. He finished 14th at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. Due to his result, Latvia qualified a spot in the men's event at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Vasiļjevs began his season in September, finishing 4th at Lombardia Trophy. He finished in 8th place at Rostelecom Cup. In November, he was 9th in the short program at NHK Trophy but placed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17922578", "score": "1.0757108", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dmitri Aliev", "text": "Dmitri Aliev Dmitri Sergeyevich Aliev (, born 1 June 1999) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 European silver medalist and 2018 Russian national bronze medalist. He is also the 2017 World Junior silver medalist, the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, a two-time medalist at the 2016 Youth Olympics (bronze in the men's singles discipline and gold in the team event), and a two-time (2016, 2017) Russian national junior champion. Dmitri Sergeyevich Aliev was born on 1 June 1999 in Ukhta, Komi Republic, Russia. His father, Sergey, is the director of a skating club in Ukhta. Having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18997054", "score": "1.0736945", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Artur Dmitriev Jr.", "text": "debut at the 2016 Rostelecom Cup where he placed 10th. A week later he skated his 2nd GP event at the 2016 Trophée de France where he placed 9th. In December 2016 he placed 8th at the 2017 Russian Championships. In February 2017 he competed at the 2017 Winter Universiade where he finished 4th. In the 2017–18 season, he won the bronze medal at the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb and finished 5th at the 2018 Russian Championships. In the 2018–19 season, he started his season at the 2018 CS Nebelhorn Trophy where he won the bronze medal. At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14365983", "score": "1.0729295", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Daniel Grassl", "text": "Daniel Grassl Daniel Grassl (born 4 April 2002) is an Italian figure skater. He has won eight senior international medals (six gold) and bronze at the 2018 ISU Junior Grand Prix in Slovakia. He is the 2019 Italian national champion on the senior level. Grassl began learning to skate in 2009. His first coach was Ludmila Mladenova in Merano. He competed internationally in the advanced novice ranks from the 2012–2013 season through 2014–2015. Making his junior international debut, Grassl won the bronze medal at the Lombardia Trophy in September 2015. He won his first Italian national junior title in December", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20454135", "score": "1.0710906", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Andrei Lazukin", "text": "medal. In early November he placed 6th at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki. Two weeks later he finished 7th at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup. \"GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Andrei Lazukin Andrei Olegovich Lazukin (, born 19 November 1997) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2015 Bavarian Open champion, 2017 Triglav Trophy silver medalist, and 2018 CS Lombardia Trophy bronze medalist. Earlier in his career, he won gold at the 2014 ISU Junior Grand Prix in Germany. Andrei Olegovich Lazukin was born on 19 November 1997 in Tolyatti, Russia. Lazukin began learning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18315993", "score": "1.0708702", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sergei Voronov (figure skater)", "text": "Voronov competed in two Challenger events. His first event was 2017 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy where he won the silver medal behind his teammate Mikhail Kolyada. He then skated at the 2017 CS Minsk-Arena Ice Star where he won the gold medal. In November 2017 Voronov won his first Grand Prix series gold medal when he won the 2017 NHK Trophy with a personal best score of 271.12 points. He then won the bronze medal at the 2017 Skate America. These results qualified him to the 2017–18 Grand Prix Final where he placed 4th after placing 5th in the short", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9025822", "score": "1.0705032", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Artur Danielian", "text": "In February 2018, he won the bronze medal at the 2018 Russian Junior Championships. In March, Danielian competed at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria; he won the silver medal, behind teammate Alexey Erokhov, after placing 8th in the short program and second in the free skate. Danielian started his season by competing in the 2018 JGP series. At his first JGP event of the season he placed 5th in Ljubljana, Slovenia. At his 2nd JGP event he placed 4th in Yerevan, Armenia. \"CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" \"Small medals for short and free programs awarded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20618414", "score": "1.0693902", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Andrew Dodds", "text": "Andrew Dodds Andrew Dodds (born 2 August 1991) is an Australian figure skater. As a single skater, he is a five-time Australian national medalist and has competed in the final segment at two Four Continents Championships (2016, 2017). As an ice dancer, he is the 2017 Australian national champion with his partner, Chantelle Kerry. Andrew Dodds was born on 2 August 1991, in Gold Coast, Queensland. He studied commerce at Griffiths University. He has also studied Japanese. His brothers Matthew, Ryan and Jordan have also represented Australia in figure skating. Dodds began learning to skate in 1995. He competed at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20454493", "score": "1.0693659", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Artur Danielian", "text": "only at ISU Championships.\" Artur Danielian Artur Ashotovich Danielian (, born 17 December 2003) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 World Junior silver medalist and 2018 Russian junior national bronze medalist. Danielian was born on 17 December 2003 in Volgograd, Russia. He is the youngest of three children. Danielian began learning to skate in 2008, after an ice rink opened near his home in Volgograd. In 2016, he moved to Moscow and joined CSKA Moscow. Marina Selitskaia and Elena Buianova became his coaches. In September 2017, Danielian competed at his first Junior Grand Prix (JGP) assignment, placing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20618415", "score": "1.067841", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Zhang He (figure skater)", "text": "overall. \"GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Zhang He (figure skater) Zhang He (; November 5, 1996) is a Chinese figure skater. He is the 2018 Chinese national silver medalist. He has won six ISU Junior Grand Prix medals and has competed at four World Junior Championships, placing as high as 6th. Zhang debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in 2010, placing 9th and 10th in his two events. The next season, he won his first medal, silver in Latvia, and placed 5th in his other event in Austria. He was sent to his first World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16245659", "score": "1.0673575", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Daniel Albert Naurits", "text": "the free skate, resulting in a final placement of 22nd. He also qualified to the free skate at the 2017 World Junior Championships, finishing 20th in Taipei, Taiwan. Coached by Liina-Grete Lilender, Naurits placed 21st at the 2018 European Championships in Moscow, Russia. \"CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\" Daniel Albert Naurits Daniel Albert Naurits (born 22 March 1998) is an Estonian figure skater. He is the 2017 Nordic bronze medalist and a two-time Estonian national champion. He has competed in the final segment at three ISU Championships. Naurits began learning to skate in 2001. Early in his career,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20023442", "score": "1.0673361", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles", "long_answer": "With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.", "chunked_long_answer": "With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.", "short_answers": [ "Yuzuru Hanyu" ] }

[ "during initial entry training", "when commissioned" ]

[ { "title": "Army Service Uniform", "text": "considered Dress Uniforms. The Army Service Uniform seeks to combine these distinctions through wear stipulations. Possession and use of the blue ASU is now mandatory for all soldiers as of October 1, 2015, when the green class A was retired. As of fall 2010, enlisted soldiers receive the blue service uniform as part of their basic clothing bag issue when they enter the army during initial entry training. The army further provides active-duty enlisted soldiers an annual clothing allowance to maintain proper fit and appearance of their basic clothing bag issue items. The army includes a series of stipends in", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Uniforms of the United States Army", "text": "2020 by a new version of the \"Army Greens\", based on the \"pinks and greens\" uniform worn in World War II. The current Army Blues Uniform will return to being a formal dress uniform. The new service uniform will include khaki pants and brown leather oxfords for both men and women, with women having the option to wear a pencil skirt and pumps instead. There will be a leather bomber jacket as an outerwear option. Mess dress is the military term for the formal evening dress worn in the mess or at other formal occasions. This is generally worn as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11522360", "score": "1.081793", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Army Service Uniform", "text": "uniform. It is based on the older \"dress blue\" dress uniform. Older antecedents include the uniforms of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and the Union Army's during the American Civil War. Their influence is apparent in the overall blue theme, the officers' passants (shoulder-straps) and trouser design. On Veterans Day 2018, the Army announced that a new version of the Army Greens, based on the \"pinks and greens\" uniform worn in World War II, would be brought back as the everyday service uniform starting in 2020. The current Army Blues Uniform will return to being a formal dress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8347699", "score": "1.053387", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Service Dress (British Army)", "text": "acquire sufficient from alternative sources. This colour gave rise to the popular name for the uniform; \"Kitchener's Blues\". Around 500,000 sets of these uniforms were produced and worn during basic training. Rumours that the first issue of Blues were actually postmen's uniforms are unlikely to be correct as the tunics issued by the General Post Office were of a different cut and were edged with red piping; however, some sources state that a large quantity of blue uniform cloth was acquired from Post Office stocks for this purpose. The Service Dress uniform continued to be the field uniform of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9135004", "score": "1.0272022", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the British Army", "text": "velvet: Royal Engineers, Queen's Gurkha Engineers, The Royal Logistic Corps Black velvet: Royal Tank Regiment Brunswick green: The Yorkshire Regiment Piper green: The Royal Irish Regiment Cambridge blue: Army Air Corps, Small Arms School Corps Emerald green: Royal Army Dental Corps Purple: Royal Army Chaplains Department Ascot grey: Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Dull cherry: Royal Army Medical Corps One type of frock coat may be worn by officers of Lieutenant General and above (and Major Generals in certain appointments) on formal occasions when not on parade in command of troops. They are a knee-length, dark blue, double-breasted coat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7429935", "score": "1.0105093", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Pinks and greens", "text": "Pinks and greens \"Pinks and greens\" and \"Army greens\" are colloquial terms for the United States Army's officer winter service uniform of the early 20th century and the planned, similarly patterned, service uniform of the early 21st century. The \"pinks and greens\" uniform was introduced in the 1920s and consisted of a brownish green blouse (the \"greens\") with lighter colored trousers of a slight pinkish hue (the \"pinks\"). Accessories – which, until 1942, included a Sam Browne belt – were patterned in brown leather. In 1944, an optional field jacket, sometimes called the Ike jacket due its association with Dwight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13927832", "score": "1.0015794", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dress uniform", "text": "uniform for officers and warrant officers since 1937. It was also authorized for wear by enlisted men and women at their own expense when off duty. It was decided in 2006 that all U.S. Army personnel were to transition to the blue uniform. New blue Army Service Uniforms were issued to initial entry training soldiers beginning in the 4th-quarter of fiscal year 2010. This replaces the \"Army Greens\" as a service dress, which are scheduled to be phased out of use in the 4th-quarter of Fiscal Year 2015. Dark blue was the traditional color of most Continental/U.S. Army uniforms from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6432130", "score": "1.0008273", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the United States Army", "text": "the military equivalent of white tie or black tie. The Army blue mess uniform comprises the Army blue mess jacket, dark- or light-blue high-waisted trousers, white semiformal dress shirt with a turndown collar, black bow tie, and black cummerbund. The Army blue evening mess uniform comprises the Army blue mess jacket, dark- or light-blue high-waisted trousers, white formal dress shirt with a wing collar, white vest, and white bow tie. The blue trousers are cut along the lines of civilian dress trousers, with a high waist and without pleats, cuffs, or hip pockets. The trouser leg ornamentation consists of an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11522361", "score": "0.9949339", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "United States Marine Corps", "text": "\"Blue Dress Alphas or Bravos\", called \"Dress Blues\" or simply \"Blues\". It is most often seen in recruiting advertisements and is equivalent to black tie. There is a \"Blue-White\" Dress for summer, and Evening Dress for formal (white tie) occasions. Versions with a khaki shirt in lieu of the coat (Blue Dress Charlie/Delta) are worn as a daily working uniform by Marine recruiters and NROTC staff. The Service Uniform was once the prescribed daily work attire in garrison; however, it has been largely superseded in this role by the utility uniform. Consisting of olive green and khaki colors, it is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11941148", "score": "0.9905966", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the Sri Lanka Army", "text": "blue full-dress uniforms when delivering a gun salute. The army and regimental bands wear colorful uniforms based on regimental colours and traditions. The Ceremonial uniform (\"No. 1 Dress\"), sometimes referred to as \"blues\", is a universal ceremonial uniform which is almost consistent throughout the Sri Lankan Army. No. 1 Dress is only worn on ceremonial occasions, service weddings by only officers and the Regimental Sergeant Major. It is identical to the blue patrol uniform of the British Army and was formally designated as No. 2 Dress uniform. In the 1990s it formally made the No. 1 Dress uniform having been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20385916", "score": "0.989768", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dress uniform", "text": "1774 until 1902. Even after the introduction of khaki for field wear in that year dark blue tunics and light blue trousers continued in use for full dress and off duty wear until 1917. The Army blue uniform comprises a dark-blue coat, light-blue or dark-blue (general officers) trousers, a white turndown-collar shirt, black four-in-hand or double windsor necktie, a black beret, and often a ceremonial belt. When worn with a black bow tie, the Army blue uniform constitutes a formal uniform and corresponds to a civilian tuxedo. When worn with a black four-in-hand or double windsor necktie, the Army blue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6432131", "score": "0.9882057", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Pinks and greens", "text": "to the new uniform by the traditional \"pinks and greens\" nickname. Pinks and greens \"Pinks and greens\" and \"Army greens\" are colloquial terms for the United States Army's officer winter service uniform of the early 20th century and the planned, similarly patterned, service uniform of the early 21st century. The \"pinks and greens\" uniform was introduced in the 1920s and consisted of a brownish green blouse (the \"greens\") with lighter colored trousers of a slight pinkish hue (the \"pinks\"). Accessories – which, until 1942, included a Sam Browne belt – were patterned in brown leather. In 1944, an optional field", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13927835", "score": "0.98647714", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Full dress uniform", "text": "Thus German cuirassiers wore white full dress, British rifle regiments a very dark green known as rifle green, French mountain troops large berets and light blue trousers and so on. The U.S. Army with its smart but relatively sober \"dress blues\" was an exception, with cavalry, artillery and infantry being distinguished only by the different branch colors. After World War I most full dress uniforms disappeared. Many of the Imperial or Royal regimes that had taken a particular pride in the retention of colorful traditional uniforms had been overthrown and their republican, fascist, or communist successors had little incentive to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6325505", "score": "0.971915", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the British Army", "text": "officers but without the velvet) in dark blue (or green for The Rifles). Fourteen numbered 'orders' of dress (in addition to full dress) are set out in Army Dress Regulations but many of these are rarely worn or have been phased out altogether. Numbers 5 and 9 have been replaced by the new 'Personal Clothing System' Combat Uniform (or PCS-CU for short). Several orders of dress are only issued to officers (and [[SNCO]]s in some cases); others are only issued to personnel serving in particular climates or specific roles. No. 1 Dress, or \"dress blues\", is a ceremonial uniform, worn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7429937", "score": "0.9685564", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Zouave", "text": "blue sash, braided blue jackets with waistcoats and voluminous red trousers was reintroduced as off-duty dress for re-enlisted NCOs and other long-service regulars in the Zouave regiments. It was also worn by colour guards and other detachments on ceremonial occasions. White trousers of the same style had earlier been worn as an item of hot-weather dress. The four regiments were distinguished by the colours (red, blue, white and yellow) of the \"tombeaus\" or false pockets on the front of their open-fronted jackets. The Zouaves played a major role in the 1914-18 War with their numbers being expanded to nine \"regiments", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "694912", "score": "0.9618531", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "British Army mess dress", "text": "at any rank, following Light Infantry traditions since historically no Light Infantry officer rode on horseback. Scottish regiments wear kilts or tartan trews, and some wear tartan waistcoats as well. In \"No. 11 Warm Weather Mess Dress\", a white drill hip-length jacket is worn with either a waistcoat in the same material or a cummerbund of regimental pattern. Blue and various shades of red or green are the most common colours for the cummerbund. Trousers or overalls are the same as in No. 10 Dress. Female officers and soldiers wear mess jackets in a pattern similar to those of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19868256", "score": "0.96067923", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Louisiana Tigers", "text": "he was \"so impressed by their drill and appearance\" at Camp Davis, Richards elected to outfit White's company in the Zouave fashion, viz.: dark blue wool Zouave jackets with red cotton trim (no sereoul), distinctive red fezzes with red tassels, red flannel band collar shirts with five white porcelain buttons, and outlandish \"Wedgwood blue and cream\" one-and-one-half-inch vertically striped cottonade ship pantaloons that would become their signature. They were also provided with blue and white horizontally striped stockings and white canvas leggings. Most of the lieutenants and captains of the battalion more than likely uniformed themselves in dark blue wool", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11063051", "score": "0.96022046", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy", "text": "like males in early 2017 and they will completely replace the old-style uniform in January 2020. Service Dress Blues for male junior enlisted personnel are based on the standard Navy jumper in navy blue, colloquially referred to as \"crackerjacks\" because of the Navy-uniformed figure that adorns the Cracker Jack snack box. They consist of navy blue wool jumper with three rows of white stripes on the collar and cuffs. There are two white stars, one at each corner of the collar. A traditional white hat or \"Dixie cup\" is also worn, as well as black leather shoes. A black silk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6690775", "score": "0.9596118", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "12th Virginia Infantry", "text": "it is grey or blue in color; it has the same design trim as the dress frock coat, minus the collar horn insignia and is shorter than the frocks' collar is cut; he too wears the same style trousers. One photograph taken at Poplar Lawn, February, 1861, shows the Petersburg City Guard in full dress and marching order. They wear the frock coats and white accoutrement straps, with the shakos in similar description to the Richmond Grays, with the officer in center wearing light epaulets, assumedly gold; however the image is not clear enough to show the detail of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14148991", "score": "0.95501983", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Red coat (military uniform)", "text": "order to draw less fire when serving amongst red-coated infantry. Scarlet tunics ceased to be general issue upon British mobilisation in August 1914. The Brigade of Guards resumed wearing their scarlet full dress in 1920 but for the remainder of the army red coats were only authorised for wear by regimental bands and officers in mess dress or on certain limited social or ceremonial occasions (notably attendance at court functions or weddings). The reason for not generally reintroducing the distinctive full dress was primarily financial, as the scarlet cloth requires expensive cochineal dye. As late as 1980, consideration was given", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7348056", "score": "0.9537885", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Frock coat", "text": "to produce for the large numbers of recruits, smart enough for full dress, and more practical for campaigns. By the 1840s, frock coats were regulation for the American, Prussian, Russian and French armies. By 1834 officers of the British Army had adopted a dark blue/black frock coat for ordinary duties, derived from an earlier greatcoat worn during the Napoleonic period. US army officers were first issued navy blue frocks during the Mexican War, with gold epaulettes and peaked caps of the German pattern. Enlisted USMC personnel received a double breasted version with red piping worn with a leather stock and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189161", "score": "0.951887", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the Australian Army", "text": "ceremonial occasions), aiguillettes (senior officers), emu plumes and bandoliers (both worn by armoured units), the Sam Browne belt (worn by officers and warrant officers, mostly of brown leather although the armoured, aviation and nursing corps wear black leather), infantry scarlet sash, gorget patches (senior officers), pace sticks (regimental sergeant majors), canes / swagger sticks, lances (armoured units on parade), bayonets, dirks (Scottish units), stiletto daggers (commandos), swords (Mameluke for general officers, also cavalry sabres, artillery swords, and infantry swords respectively, while the claymore is carried by officers in Scottish units). Headdress consists of the slouch hat or beret for general", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19698901", "score": "0.9517555", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Service Dress (British Army)", "text": "of a Soldier's Life in India\" (first published in 1859). It was only at a later date, when supplies of drab (khaki) material were unavailable, that they improvised by dying material with a local dye. During the Indian Mutiny of 1857 many British regiments took to staining their white tropical uniforms with tea leaves or other makeshift dyes in order to camouflage them. Rifle regiments had long used dark green uniforms (with blackened badges, buttons, and carrying equipment) as camouflage and some units of the Volunteer Force London Regiment had adopted Hodden grey uniforms for the same purpose. Numerous khaki", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9134989", "score": "0.94404966", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "British Army during the Victorian Era", "text": "greatcoats for cold weather. White cotton dress was used for summer wear in hot climates, particularly in India. The highland regiments wore elements of traditional Scottish highland dress, such as the kilt. The Rifle regiments (the King's Royal Rifle Corps and the Rifle Brigade) wore dark green (almost black) uniforms. In 1828, the greyish-blue trousers worn during the later stages of the Napoleonic Wars were replaced by dark blue \"Oxford mixture\" trousers for winter wear. White duck trousers were worn in summer until 1845. Although the fantastic profusion of gold and silver lace on officers' uniforms was checked, decorations for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13122796", "score": "0.9430705", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the Australian Army", "text": "day in barracks, and when in the field or on operations (although this is presently being replaced by AMCU). The current ceremonial uniform is known as \"Service Dress\". Changes to this uniform in 2016 have seen a return to a more traditional brown khaki worn prior to and during both World Wars, from the light olive drab khaki that was adopted in the 1990s as other items of dress were phased out. Darker than the previous uniform, it more closely matches the colour of the slouch hat. Ceremonial dress has also included \"Patrol Blue\" and \"White Jacket\" orders of dress,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19698895", "score": "0.94248414", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the British Army", "text": "Army)|Service Dress]]. It is often incorrectly called the \"[[1937 Pattern Web Equipment|\"Pattern 37 uniform\"]]\" from the pattern of [[Webbing#Military|web gear]] and accessories introduced earlier in 1937. It consisted of a short jacket called a \"blouse\" and high-waisted trousers made of khaki [[Serge (fabric)|wool serge]] worn with a beret or side-cap. It was also issued in RAF Blue-Grey for the [[Royal Air Force]], Navy Blue for the [[Royal Navy]] / [[Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve]], and Dark Blue for the [[Civil Defence Corps]]. Officers were permitted to have the collar of the BD jacket tailored to have faced lapels, allowing the wearing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7429967", "score": "0.942145", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Red coat (military uniform)", "text": "to the reintroduction of scarlet as a replacement for the dark blue \"No. 1 dress\" and khaki \"No. 2 dress\" of the modern British Army, using cheaper and fadeless chemical dyes instead of cochineal. Surveys of serving soldiers' opinion showed little support for the idea and it was shelved. Red coats were first worn by British sea-going regiments when adopted by The Prince of Denmark's Regiment in 1686. Thereafter red coatees became the normal parade and battle dress for marine infantry, although the staining effects of salt spray meant that white fatigue jackets and subsequently blue undress tunics were often", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7348057", "score": "0.9413871", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Army Service Uniform", "text": "trousers and a long-sleeved white shirt with black tie. The dress blue ASU for females includes the blue coat, skirt, and a long-sleeved white shirt with black neck tab. Females in army bands, honor guards, and female chaplains are authorized to wear army blue slacks in the performance of their duties. The black beret and service cap are authorized for wear with this uniform. Combat boots and organizational items, such as brassards, military police accessories and distinctive unit insignia are not worn. When the dress blue ASU is worn for social events in the evening (i.e. after retreat), men may", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8347705", "score": "0.9394666", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Red coat (military uniform)", "text": "white, Scottish yellow, Irish green and Royal regiments dark blue. However some regiments were subsequently able to obtain the reintroduction of historic facing colours that had been uniquely theirs. British soldiers fought in scarlet tunics for the last time at the Battle of Gennis in the Sudan on 30 December 1885. They formed part of an expeditionary force sent from Britain to participate in the Nile Campaign of 1884-85, wearing the \"home service uniform\" of the period including scarlet tunics, although some regiments sent from India were in khaki drill. A small detachment of infantry which reached Khartoum by steamer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7348054", "score": "0.9377901", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy", "text": "Week will state either \"Service Dress White\" or \"Service Dress Blue.\" Either the all-weather Coat or peacoat may be worn with this uniform in cold or inclement weather. The color of the enlisted rank insignia and service stripes for the Service Dress Blues is either gold or red based upon the U.S. Navy Good Conduct Variation. The colors on the Service Dress Whites are always black. In May 2012, the Navy announced upcoming changes to the Service Dress Blues and Service Dress Whites, adding side zippers to both uniform blouses, and a zipper will also be added to Service Dress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6690779", "score": "0.93755436", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Army Service Uniform", "long_answer": "The Army currently uses the blue Army Service Uniform. According to Army Regulation 670-1: Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia, Army White, and Army Blue uniforms are considered Dress Uniforms. The Army Service Uniform seeks to combine these distinctions through wear stipulations. Possession and use of the blue ASU is now mandatory for all soldiers as of October 1, 2015, when the green class A was retired. As of fall 2010, enlisted soldiers receive the blue service uniform as part of their basic clothing bag issue when they enter the army during initial entry training. The army further provides active-duty enlisted soldiers an annual clothing allowance to maintain proper fit and appearance of their basic clothing bag issue items. The army includes a series of stipends in this annual clothing allowance towards the replacement of the green service uniform and all basic clothing bag items.", "chunked_long_answer": "considered Dress Uniforms. The Army Service Uniform seeks to combine these distinctions through wear stipulations. Possession and use of the blue ASU is now mandatory for all soldiers as of October 1, 2015, when the green class A was retired. As of fall 2010, enlisted soldiers receive the blue service uniform as part of their basic clothing bag issue when they enter the army during initial entry training. The army further provides active-duty enlisted soldiers an annual clothing allowance to maintain proper fit and appearance of their basic clothing bag issue items. The army includes a series of stipends in", "short_answers": [ "during initial entry training" ] }

[ "Something to Sing About" ]

[ { "title": "Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "Meeting Sweet at The Bronze, Buffy offers a deal to Sweet: she will take the place of her sister if she can’t kill him. When asked by Sweet what she thinks about life, Buffy gives her pessimistic take on its meaning (\"Something to Sing About\"). When the others arrive, she divulges that Willow took her from heaven, and Willow reacts with horror at finding out what she’s done. Upon divulging this truth, Buffy gives up on singing and dances so frenetically that she begins to smoke — on the verge of combusting as Sweet’s other victims have been shown to", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "After Life (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "She admits to him that although she wasn't initially sure where she was, she knows that she wasn't in Hell. She was in Heaven and was happy, and her friends pulled her out. Spike is shocked as she tells him that this reality is her Hell, having been to live again in real life feeling the loss of Heaven where she felt safe, loved and complete, and she stresses that her friends can never know the truth. After Life (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"After Life\" is the third episode of season 6 of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487762", "score": "1.1388953", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "After Life (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "but which she can be hurt by. Willow and Tara cast a spell to make the demon solid. Buffy kills the demon with an axe. Normality is somewhat resumed as Dawn heads to school the next day and Buffy sees her off. Buffy visits her friends at the shop and tells them that she was in Hell and she appreciates that they brought her back. Buffy goes outside behind the shop to be alone, where she finds Spike hiding in a patch of shade. He tries to talk to her and offers to help her in any way he can.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487761", "score": "1.0278814", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "text": "been dead for 147 days, but Buffy's friends resurrect her through a powerful spell, believing they have rescued her from a Hell dimension. Buffy returns in a deep depression, explaining (several episodes later) that she had been in Heaven and is devastated to be pulled back to Earth. Giles returns to England because he has concluded that Buffy has become too reliant on him, while Buffy takes up a fast-food job to support herself and Dawn, and develops a secret, mutually abusive relationship with Spike. Dawn suffers from kleptomania and feelings of alienation, Xander leaves Anya at the altar (after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "582841", "score": "1.0154157", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "states that it is all \"stupid and mortal\", and no one will tell her why things are happening. Xander puts his fist through the wall, making him bleed but feel oddly better. As the group leaves to visit Buffy at the hospital, Xander gets a parking ticket. In the waiting room outside the morgue, the doctor tells Buffy that Joyce died of an aneurysm suddenly and painlessly. Left alone with Buffy, Tara tells her that her own mother died when she was 17 and she went through something similar. Dawn goes alone to the morgue to see Joyce's body. While", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4528319", "score": "1.0010972", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Yoko Factor", "text": "her Slayerette friends. Still upset about what happened between her and Angel during her visit to Los Angeles (in the \"Angel\" crossover episode \"Sanctuary\"), Buffy returns from L.A. to her empty dorm room. Xander brings Riley some clothes, and they talk about their mutual distaste for Angel, Riley having been told by Buffy about her previous relationship with him. However, it emerges that she has not told him the whole truth; while Riley was aware that Angel lost his soul and became Angelus, Xander tells Riley that having sex with Buffy was the trigger that set Angelus free. Giles is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6109337", "score": "0.99885976", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Doomed (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "of the Hellmouth along with the third demon. The world is saved again. Afterwards, Riley tries to keep up his secret identity, but Buffy's friends pretty much know who he is by his clothes, while Spike evades detection by posing as a \"friend of Xander's\" with a bad American accent. The next day, Buffy goes to Riley's dorm, where he says how upset he is at himself for allowing her and her friends to find out about him. Telling him that everything will be okay, she kisses him. Back in Xander's basement apartment, Spike is eager for another brawl and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5688614", "score": "0.9898844", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Body (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "no avail. Buffy calls Giles. The paramedics arrive and work on Joyce and she revives, the paramedics declare it a miracle in the ambulance, and Joyce, Buffy, and Dawn rejoice in the hospital. The scene snaps back to the living room where the paramedics continue to work on Joyce until they stop and tell Buffy that Joyce is dead. They leave, and Buffy goes into the hall and vomits. Giles arrives and Buffy tells him not to move the body, shocking herself by using that word. At school, Dawn is crying in the bathroom upset that a girl called her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4528316", "score": "0.9895199", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Normal Again", "text": "Buffy, inspired by her mother's mis-chosen words, takes her advice to \"believe in\" herself literally, thanking her mother and saying goodbye to her as she chooses a life of suffering in the nightmarish Sunnydale reality over the much less arduous world represented by the mental hospital. Buffy wakes up in Sunnydale to save her friends. She kills the demon and then reconciles with her friends, urging them to quickly make her that antidote while she stays on guard against relapsing again. Back at the hospital, Buffy is still sitting in her corner of the room, now completely unresponsive as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487883", "score": "0.9855674", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Buffy Summers", "text": "dead; however, she was actually in Heaven, and feels great loss after being ripped out. Forced to take a mundane and degrading job slinging burgers at the Doublemeat Palace after realizing her family were in financial ruin, she sinks into a deep depression amid feelings of self-loathing and spends much of the season on a downward spiral alienating her friends and family and embarking on a violent sexual relationship with the vampire Spike which leaves neither satisfied and spawns dire consequences for the both of them. As the season draws to a close, Buffy is forced to battle her best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "513040", "score": "0.9837122", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Xander Harris", "text": "her, reunites with him in defiance of her former friends, in \"Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered\". The episode \"Go Fish\" focuses on Xander, after he joins the swim team to investigate the disappearances of Sunnydale High swimmers. In the season finale \"Becoming, Part Two\", Xander decides not to tell Buffy about Willow's plan to re-ensoul Angel—who has lost his soul and is going to bring about the apocalypse— so that she will not hesitate to kill him in order to save the world. Season three (1998-9) begins with Xander and his friends slaying demons since Buffy ran away to Los Angeles.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1544500", "score": "0.980268", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Normal Again", "text": "Willow shows Buffy a picture of the demon that stung her and tries to comfort her friend. Buffy confesses to Willow that in the beginning of her Slayer life, she told her parents about vampires and was put in a clinic for her supposed insanity (a period covered in the \"Buffy\" comic \"Slayer, Interrupted\"). Buffy wonders if she's still there and therefore Sunnydale really doesn't exist, but Willow assures her that isn't true. Xander and Spike patrol for the demon that hurt Buffy; they subdue and capture it. Dawn comforts Buffy who dazedly notes that Dawn has been misbehaving and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487878", "score": "0.9741998", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "After These Messages... We'll Be Right Back!", "text": "going to is going to be safe. Buffy reassures her that everything is going to be okay and hugs her mother. Joyce tells Buffy that she can always come home to which Buffy looks at her mother and says \"right\" with her thoughts saying \"sigh.\" On the way to the party, Buffy runs into Angel. Angel is impressed that Buffy went up against the five disciples of Morgala. Buffy ignores his comments, touching the side of his face and says \"If you knew something about someone's past and...future...would you tell them?\" Angel responds with \"Probably not. You can't change a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12320605", "score": "0.97405136", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Gone (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "same frustrations as Spike, combined with extreme worry for her sister. The bad stuff keeps on coming when she gets the message from Xander and Anya on the answering machine. \"Tell her about the pudding\" says Anya, referencing the way the invisible traffic cone found by Willow had started to disintegrate into mush. However, before Buffy can head back to the Magic Box, Jonathan phones her up (disguising his voice so Buffy doesn't identify him) and tells her that the Trio has kidnapped Willow and tells her to meet them at the arcade. Buffy does so. However, the Trio have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5338836", "score": "0.9704845", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Forever (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "Dawn that magic can't be used to alter the natural order of things, such as life and death, and tells her that Wiccans took an oath disallowing resurrection. In the graveyard, Angel does his best to comfort Buffy when she worries how she will continue without Joyce's strength, and if there was any chance she could have saved her mother. Angel offers to stay in town for as long as she needs him, and Buffy asks him to stay with her forever. The two kiss sweetly but pull away, knowing nothing more can happen. Buffy expresses her gratitude, and he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5779841", "score": "0.96605134", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Hell's Bells (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "Anya's demon friends invading his apartment. Xander's parents arrive and Mrs. Harris rants about not being in the wedding pictures and Mr. Harris bluntly expresses his distaste for the \"circus people\" on Anya's side. Xander's cousin Carol asks Xander if Anya's demon friend Kroven would be interested in dating her. Outside on the streets of Sunnydale, an old man appears out of thin air and walks off, a purpose in mind. Buffy forces Xander into his cummerbund and works on his bow tie while offering her happy wishes to Xander on his special day. Tara and Willow button Anya into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5578366", "score": "0.9659498", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 5)", "text": "to Spike, promising she will not forget what he has done for her and inviting him back into her life. Near the end of the season, Joyce dies of an aneurysm, devastating Dawn and Buffy. Glory discovers that Dawn is the Key and kidnaps her. In a moment alone, Xander proposes to Anya. Buffy and her friends track Glory and Dawn to a tower built by Glory's minions. At the time of the ritual, Glory uses Dawn's blood to open the portal between dimensions, but she is distracted by the Scoobies' intervention. Willow takes Tara's sanity from Glory and gives", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14778830", "score": "0.96536064", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Lies My Parents Told Me", "text": "relive the whole episode and switch into his evil, soulless self. He unwittingly hurts Dawn in the process and scares them all, except Buffy. Meanwhile, Willow receives a phone call from a girl named Fred and quickly leaves for Los Angeles. She apologizes to Buffy for her quick departure, but promises to be back as soon as she can. After the previous incident, Wood privately convinces Giles that Spike must die. Giles learns that Wood is the son of Nikki, now dead, and that Spike killed her. The two plan for Giles to distract Buffy while Wood takes care of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5589200", "score": "0.9650979", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Lost Slayer", "text": "Angel, injuring Giles and causing Angel to finally die. Buffy grabs the stake Giles killed Angel with and stakes Giles, finally killing him, despite him taking on his human face again to play on her emotions. Meanwhile, Willow and Buffy's other friends try to help in the main fight, but there are too many vampires and most of the Council operatives are dead, leaving only three left. Wesley is killed by Giles' second in command Jax, who goes to kill Anna, the other Slayer, but Xander sacrifices himself to save her, killing Jax. The grief of his death causes Willow", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6833602", "score": "0.9633417", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Help (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "promptly staked. At the high school the next day, Buffy talks with various students who all have their own problems, including trouble with bullies and violence, anxiety, homosexuality and plain boredom. Willow and Xander walk together and talk about Buffy's struggles and Willow's worries about her role in dealing with the impending Hellmouth danger. With Xander's support, Willow walks towards Tara's grave. Buffy talks with more students, including her own sister, but one girl Cassie Newton stuns Buffy when she confesses that she's going to die next Friday and that there will be lots of coins. As she leaves for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5589052", "score": "0.9624478", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "After Life (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "wounded hands. They talk about how long she's been gone; Spike has counted the days, all 147 of them. When the Scooby Gang arrives and focuses on the Slayer, Spike slips out. Unable to stand all the concern, Buffy goes upstairs while Xander and Anya leave for food. Outside, the two find a hurt Spike who's furious that he wasn't told about the plan to resurrect Buffy, despite having helped the gang all summer. He realises that his love of Buffy would have made him an obstacle if Buffy had returned as something that would have had to have been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487756", "score": "0.9606229", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 7)", "text": "the final year in which both shows were on television together. In \"Lies My Parents Told Me\", Willow (Alyson Hannigan) receives a call from Fred. She leaves immediately and goes to L.A. without telling why. Willow appears in the \"Angel\" episode \"Orpheus\" to re-ensoul Angel (David Boreanaz) as she previously did before in \"Becoming\". After successfully re-ensouling Angel, she brings Faith (Eliza Dushku) back with her to Sunnydale to help in the fight against The First Evil. In the \"Angel\" season four finale, \"Home\", Angel receives an amulet from Wolfram & Hart which is important to the final battle in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14778898", "score": "0.9600198", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "After These Messages... We'll Be Right Back!", "text": "am happy to see you.\" Joyce, after checking to see if Buffy has a fever, tells her if she doesn't get a move on, Buffy won't be able to go the party that night. Buffy is surprised to hear that she's going to a party at all. At school, Buffy is surprised to see Willow alive, and back to her Season One self. Cordelia is, of course, making fun of Willow and Buffy steps in, informing Willow that one day she may be a mega-witch and Cordelia might be dead, to which Willow smirks and says, \"Do I get to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12320601", "score": "0.95920885", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Angel (Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode)", "text": "gunfire, Giles, Willow and Xander rush in and distract Darla. Looming up from behind, Angel stakes Darla through the heart. In their Hellmouth lair, Collin consoles the Master for his loss of Darla at Angel's hands. Spying Angel across the crowded room at the Bronze, Buffy goes to thank him — and to tell him goodbye. Their banter trails to silence and they deeply kiss one last time. Buffy doesn't notice that the cross she's wearing — the one Angel gave her weeks ago at their first meeting — was scorching his chest. During the production of this episode, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9142725", "score": "0.9570159", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Yoko Factor", "text": "laugh when Angel confesses he came to make up. Buffy also apologizes for being bossy. The two part on friendly terms, although Angel stops to state that he doesn't like Riley. Spike reports back to Adam, happy to have split up the Scooby Gang. Riley is worried that Buffy has reunited with Angel and confesses he has learned how Angel can become Angelus. They profess their love to each other, but Buffy must give him the bad news that Forrest is dead. Riley is distraught and leaves. The damage that Spike has done to the gang becomes clear when their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6109343", "score": "0.9564347", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Normal Again", "text": "her. Xander pleads with Buffy to free his hands, but she retreats under the stairs. Meanwhile, Tara shows up at the house and finds everyone in the basement. She uses magic to free Willow and Dawn and attack the demon, but the demon is too strong for them. Buffy grabs Tara's feet through the stairs, making her fall and knocking her unconscious. At the hospital, Joyce encourages Buffy to fight against the Sunnydale reality, telling her that she has the strength to fight against the harshness of the world and must fight it because she has people who love her.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487882", "score": "0.95595604", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A New Man", "text": "with the spell she was attempting to cast. Buffy realizes she never told Giles about Riley and the Initiative. Giles goes to Xander's basement and tries to get him to help, but Xander doesn't recognize and cannot understand Giles, who is speaking in a demonic language. Xander starts to throw things at him and Giles runs away. The gang finds Giles's place destroyed, and are worried that the same demon that went to Xander was responsible for hurting or killing Giles. Walking through the cemetery, Giles runs into Spike, who is in the midst of searching for a new place", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5688628", "score": "0.954287", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Normal Again", "text": "family years earlier and Joyce having subsequently died in the Sunnydale world. Buffy falls back into the Sunnydale world, finding herself surrounded by her concerned friends. Willow and Xander get Buffy home and she recounts what she saw and was told at the mental hospital, Dawn hurt when told she doesn't exist in Buffy's 'ideal' alternate reality. While Willow organizes a plan to research, Buffy falls back to the 'reality' of the mental hospital, where her doctor explains to her parents that she has been catatonic from schizophrenia for all of the past six years (except for the brief period", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6487876", "score": "0.9540422", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Zeppo", "text": "from their graves. At the library, Buffy, Willow and Giles are researching. Giles leaves to try and contact some spirits and hopefully get their help with stopping the sisterhood. Xander takes Jack and his group of friends to get supplies. He spots Willow leaving the magic shop and tries to talk to her. She tells Xander that she loves him before hurrying off to help Buffy. When Jack and friends decide to initiate Xander into their group, he flees. He rescues Faith from a member of the sisterhood by hitting it with his car. He takes Faith to her motel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5639086", "score": "0.95340264", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Rupert Giles", "text": "death, Giles decides to return to England. On the very day he leaves, Willow, Xander, Anya and Tara resurrect Buffy, and he comes back as soon as he hears of this. Despite being overjoyed to have Buffy back, he is furious at Willow for invoking such dark magic, and angrily dismisses her as \"a rank, arrogant amateur.\" While the other Scoobies believe Buffy was in Hell, Giles is not convinced, and his suspicions prove true when a demon's musical spell causes Buffy to reveal to them all that she was indeed in Heaven. As Buffy begins to rely excessively on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1368301", "score": "0.94957185", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "long_answer": "Meeting Sweet at The Bronze, Buffy offers a deal to Sweet: she will take the place of her sister if she can’t kill him. When asked by Sweet what she thinks about life, Buffy gives her pessimistic take on its meaning (\"Something to Sing About\"). When the others arrive, she divulges that Willow took her from heaven, and Willow reacts with horror at finding out what she’s done. Upon divulging this truth, Buffy gives up on singing and dances so frenetically that she begins to smoke — on the verge of combusting as Sweet’s other victims have been shown to do — until Spike stops her, telling her that the only way to go forward is to just keep living her life. Xander then reveals that he, not Dawn, called Sweet, hoping he would be shown a happy ending for his marriage plans. Sweet, after releasing Xander from the obligation to be Sweet's “bride”, tells the group how much fun they have been (\"What You Feel—Reprise\") and disappears. The Scoobies realize that their relationships have been changed irreversibly by the secrets revealed in their songs (\"Where Do We Go from Here?\"). Spike leaves The Bronze, but Buffy follows him out, and they kiss (\"Coda\").", "chunked_long_answer": "Meeting Sweet at The Bronze, Buffy offers a deal to Sweet: she will take the place of her sister if she can’t kill him. When asked by Sweet what she thinks about life, Buffy gives her pessimistic take on its meaning (\"Something to Sing About\"). When the others arrive, she divulges that Willow took her from heaven, and Willow reacts with horror at finding out what she’s done. Upon divulging this truth, Buffy gives up on singing and dances so frenetically that she begins to smoke — on the verge of combusting as Sweet’s other victims have been shown to", "short_answers": [ "Something to Sing About" ] }

[ "Malayalam" ]

[ { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "work\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of ₹1 lakh (equivalent to ₹48 lakh or US$75,000 in 2017), and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of the award was the Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (The Bamboo Flute), published in 1950. The rules were revised in subsequent years to consider only works published during the preceding twenty years, excluding the year for which the award was to be given and the cash prize was increased to", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "Jnanpith Award The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their \"outstanding contribution towards literature\". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral. From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their \"most outstanding work\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of , and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985858", "score": "1.749145", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "English. The recipient for a particular year is announced by the Selection Board, which has final authority in selection. Jnanpith Award The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their \"outstanding contribution towards literature\". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral. From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their \"most outstanding work\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985866", "score": "1.7220863", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "Urdu (four each), Telugu (three), Assamese, Punjabi, and Tamil (two each), English, Kashmiri, Konkani, and Sanskrit (one each). The award has been conferred upon fifty-eight writers including seven women authors. In 1976, Bengali novelist Ashapoorna Devi became the first woman to win the award and was honoured for the 1965 novel \"Pratham Pratisruti\" (\"The First Promise\"), the first in a trilogy. The most recent recipient of the award is English fiction writer Amitav Ghosh who was awarded for the year 2018. The Bharatiya Jnanpith, a research and cultural institute founded in 1944 by industrialist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985860", "score": "1.6874678", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "committee consists of three literary critics and scholars of their respective languages. All the nominations are scrutinised by the committee and their recommendations are submitted to the Jnanpith Award Selection Board (Pravara Parishad). The Selection Board consists of between seven and eleven members of \"high repute and integrity\". Each member is part of the committee for a term of three years which can also be extended further for two more terms. The recommendations of all language advisory committees are evaluated by the board based on complete or partial translations of the selected writings of the proposed writers into Hindi or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985865", "score": "1.6287432", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "the citation, statue of Saraswati, and a cheque for prize of at a ceremony held at Vigyan Bhavan, Delhi. In his acceptance speech, Kurup appreciated the concept of the new award and thanked it for bringing \"integration of the diverse people of this land on a spiritual plane\". The nominations for the award are received from various literary experts, teachers, critics, universities, and numerous literary and language associations. Every three years, an advisory committee is constituted for each of the languages. The language of the most recent recipient's work is not eligible for consideration for the next two years. Each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985864", "score": "1.6234114", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Moortidevi Award", "text": "writer Pratibha Ray became the first woman to win the award and was honoured for the 1985 novel \"Yajnasani\". Ray and Nirmal Verma have won both the Moortidevi as well as the Jnanpith Award. As of 2017, Bengali poet Joy Goswami is the most recent recipient of the award. The Bharatiya Jnanpith, a research and cultural institute founded in 1944 by industrialist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family, conceived an idea in May 1961 to start a scheme \"commanding national prestige and of international standard\" to \"select the best book out of the publications in Indian languages\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16401891", "score": "1.6037456", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "implementation. The idea was also discussed at the 1962 annual sessions of the All India Gujarati Sahitya Parishad and the Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad. On 2 April 1962, around 300 writers of various Indian languages were invited to Delhi for the two sessions conducted by Dharamvir Bharati in which the draft was finalised and later presented to Prasad. The first award selection committee meeting was scheduled on 16 March 1963 and Prasad was appointed as its president. However, Prasad died on 28 February 1963 and thus the scheduled meeting was chaired by Kalelkar and Sampurnanand acted as president of the committee.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985862", "score": "1.5172884", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)", "text": "to promote Hindi as a national language. He was among the founding members of the Board of trustees of Bharatiya Jnanpith. The Kedriya Hindi Sansthan, Agra has instituted an award in his honour. The Government of India has instituted \"Ganga Sharan Singh Awards\" under \"Hindi Sevi Samman Awards\". The government of Bihar has instituted an award for literature in his name. Ganga Sharan Singh was also a member of the Press Council of India between 16 November 1966, and 31 December 1969. He died in 1988 of a heart attack. The Government of India had accepted the recommendations of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12539921", "score": "1.4838305", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Moortidevi Award", "text": "Moortidevi Award The Moortidevi Award is an India literary award annually presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a literary and research organisation, to an author. The award is given only to Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, and in English, with no posthumous conferral or self nomination. From 2003, the award was given to the authors for their \"contemplative and perceptive work\" and consisted of a cash prize of ₹1 lakh (US$1,600), a citation plaque, a shawl, and a statue of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The cash", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16401889", "score": "1.4547999", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Moortidevi Award", "text": "In November that year, Rama Jain, the Founder President of the Bharatiya Jnanpith, invited a few literary experts to discuss various aspects of the scheme. Jain, along with Kaka Kalelkar, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Jainendra Kumar, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Prabhakar Machwe, Akshaya Kumar Jain, and Lakshmi Chandra Jain, presented the initial draft to the then President of India—Rajendra Prasad who had shown interest in the scheme's implementation. The idea was also discussed at the 1962 annual sessions of the All India Gujarati Sahitya Parishad and the Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad. The award is given in the memory of Moortidevi,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16401892", "score": "1.4547487", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Bharatiya Jnanpith", "text": "2nd-century AD work, Satkhandagama, in Prakrit on the Jain doctrine of karma. It has published two series of texts: It annually publishes hundreds of books in Hindi (both original and translated works) and other languages, and also presents India's highest literary awards, the Jnanpith Awards and the Moortidevi Award. Bharatiya Jnanpith Bharatiya Jnanpith a literary and research organization, based in New Delhi, India, was founded on February 18, 1944 by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family and his wife Rama Jain to undertake systematic research and publication of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Apabhramsha texts and covering subjects", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10899759", "score": "1.4451582", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jnanpith Award", "text": "Sahu Jain family, conceived an idea in May 1961 to start a scheme \"commanding national prestige and of international standard\" to \"select the best book out of the publications in Indian languages\". Later in November, Rama Jain, the Founder President of the Bharatiya Jnanpith, invited a few literary experts to discuss various aspects of the scheme. Jain along with Kaka Kalelkar, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Jainendra Kumar, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Prabhakar Machwe, Akshaya Kumar Jain, and Lakshmi Chandra Jain presented the initial draft to the then President of India Rajendra Prasad who had shown interest in the scheme's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3985861", "score": "1.433991", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ravindra Kelekar", "text": "won by Kelekar for his travelogue, \"Himalayant\", in 1977. The Akademi's first Translation Award in Konkani also went to Kelekar in 1990 for \"Ami Taankan Manshant Haadle\", a Konkani translation of a collection of essays in Gujarati, \"Mansaeena Diva\", by Jhaverchand Meghani. He received the 2006 Jnanpith Award, which was the first given to a Konkani-language writer. The pinnacle of his career came with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement in 2007. A lifelong proponent of regional languages, in his acceptance speech for the Jnanpith award, he said, \"People have stopped reading books in regional languages. On the other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12823988", "score": "1.4329344", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ganga Sharan Singh Award", "text": "Literature. It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language. The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the Great Hindi Linguist & Freedom Fighter \"Ganga Sharan Singh\". It was first awarded in 1989. Subramanyam Bharti Award is awarded for the Publicity-Dissemination and training in Hindi every year by the President Of India. Ganga Sharan Singh Award Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha) (1905-1988) was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Parliament of India, for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14391568", "score": "1.417312", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ravindra Kelekar", "text": "Award, which was the first given to a Konkani-language writer.[10] The pinnacle of his career came with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement in 2007.[9] A lifelong proponent of regional languages, in his acceptance speech for the Jnanpith award, he said, \"People have stopped reading books in regional languages. On the other hand, through English, we have created Bonsai intellectuals, Bonsai writers and Bonsai readers.\"[21] When the Vishwa Konkani Sahitya Academy, an offshoot of the Konkani Language and Cultural Foundation, was set up in 2006, the first work it took up for translation was Velavaylo Dhulo, a collection of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12823998", "score": "1.3976693", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "M.V. Rajadhyaksha", "text": "M.V. Rajadhyaksha Mangesh Vitthal Rajadhyaksha (Marathi: मंगेश विठ्ठल राजाध्यक्ष) (7 June 1913 – 19 April 2010) was a Marathi writer and critic. He studied at Elphinstone College in Mumbai, where he won the prestigious Wordsworth Prize for the best student in English Literature. Rajadhyaksha later taught English Literature at Elphinstone College, Gujarat College (Ahmedabad) and Rajaram College (Kolhapur). He also served on several prestigious committees, including the National Book Trust and the Jnanpith Trust that gives the Jnanpith Award. He was closely involved with \"Abhiruchi\", a Marathi literary journal that was the launching pad for some of the greatest writers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14459036", "score": "1.3874122", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Krishna Sobti", "text": "and her Fellowship, citing governmental inaction following riots in Dadri, concerns regarding freedom of speech, as well as comments made by a government minister concerning Hindi writers. She was offered the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 2010, which she declined, stating that, \"As a writer, I have to keep a distance from the establishment. I think I did the right thing.\" She received Jnanpith Award in 2017 for her 'path-breaking contribution to Indian literature'. The Bharatiya Jnanpith mentioned in the statement that 'the language used by Sobti in her writings is influenced by the intermingling of Hindi,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11808514", "score": "1.3774419", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award", "text": "Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award (Devnagari: पद्मभूषण डॉ. मोटूरि सत्यानारायण पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi Literature. It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language. The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the Great Hindi Activist \"Moturi Satyanarayana\". It was first awarded in the year 2002 to \"Shri. Harishankar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14391506", "score": "1.3758358", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Subramanyam Bharti Award", "text": "Subramanyam Bharti Award Subramanyam Bharati Award (Devanagari: सुब्रह्मण्यम भारती पुरस्कार) is a literary honour in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi literature. It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language. The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the great Tamil writer Subramanya Bharathi. It was first awarded in the year 1989 to \"Dr. Prabhakar Machwe\", \"Dr. Wrajeshhwar Verma\", \"Dr. Hardev", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14391454", "score": "1.3715535", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award", "text": "'Aadesh\"'. Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award is awarded for Promotion of Hindi language in abroad every year by the President Of India. Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award (Devnagari: पद्मभूषण डॉ. मोटूरि सत्यानारायण पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi Literature. It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language. The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14391507", "score": "1.3651272", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain", "text": "at Banaras Hindu University. He did his B.Sc. from Agra University. He founded Bharatiya Jnanpith on 18 February 1944 at the suggestion of many scholars who had gathered at Varanasi for All India Oriental Conference. He was the Trustee-Founder and his wife Rama Dalmia Jain was Trustee-president. Since 1965 Bharatiya Jnanpith has been awarding Annual Literary Award Jnanpith Award for the best creative Indian Literary work of a specified period. Though he belonged to a family of landlords and financiers, it was his father-in-law Ramkrishna Dalmia's who heralded his entry into big industrial business by handing over charge of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10981486", "score": "1.3605808", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Bharatiya Jnanpith", "text": "Bharatiya Jnanpith Bharatiya Jnanpith a literary and research organization, based in New Delhi, India, was founded on February 18, 1944 by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family and his wife Rama Jain to undertake systematic research and publication of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Apabhramsha texts and covering subjects like religion, philosophy, logic, ethics, grammar, astrology, poetics. Its research and publication programme started with the publication of the Dhavala texts. A Jain temple at Moodabidri in Karnataka, southern India, had stored for centuries its manuscript of palm-leaves. It was a 9th-century commentary in Prakrit and Sanskrit, of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10899758", "score": "1.3311806", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ganga Sharan Singh Award", "text": "Ganga Sharan Singh Award Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha) (1905-1988) was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Parliament of India, for three terms (1956–62 and 1962-68 from Bihar and then a nominated member in 1968-1974). He was prominent in the Indian National Congress party and a co-founder of the Congress Socialist Party. He was close to Rajendra Prasad, India's first President. Ganga Sharan Singh Award (Devnagari: गंगाशरण सिंह पुरस्कार) is a literary honour in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14391567", "score": "1.3295906", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award", "text": "Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award (Devnagari: महापंडित राहुल सांकृत्यायन पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi Travel Literature (यात्रा वृतांत). It is also called Hindi Sevi Samman or Rahul Sankrityayan National Award and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language.. The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the \"Father of Hindi Travel Literature\" \"Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan\". It was first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13991484", "score": "1.3233285", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sahitya Akademi Award", "text": "increased to Rs.40,000 from 2001, Rs.50,000 from 2003 and to Rs. 1,00,000 from 2009.The Sammans are given to 3-4 persons every year in different languages on the basis of recommendation of experts' committees constituted for the purpose. The first Bhasha Sammans were awarded in to Dharikshan Mishra for Bhojpuri, Bansi Ram Sharma and M.R. Thakur for Pahari (Himachali), K. Jathappa Rai and Mandara Keshava Bhat for Tulu and Chandra Kanta Mura Singh for Kokborok, for their contribution to the development of their respective languages. Awards for translations were instituted in 1989 at the instance of then-Prime Minister of India, P.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8726355", "score": "1.307058", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Subramanyam Bharti Award", "text": "Bahri\", \"Dr. N.A. Nagappa\", \"Prof. Ram Singh Tomar\", \"Dr. Bhakt Darshan\", \"Dr. P. Gopal Sharma\" and \"Sri Mangalnath Singh\". Subramanyam Bharti Award is awarded for the significant services in development of creative/critical areas in Hindi every year by the President of India. Subramanyam Bharti Award Subramanyam Bharati Award (Devanagari: सुब्रह्मण्यम भारती पुरस्कार) is a literary honour in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi literature. It is also a Hindi Sevi Samman and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14391455", "score": "1.3021158", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Narayan Desai", "text": "1999 and the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence in 1998 \"for his tireless work in favour of the promotion ofinter-religious and inter-ethnic understanding, tolerance and harmony and his achievements in the education and training for non-violence and peace, as well as anti-nuclear activism.\" He also received Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, the highest award of Gujarati literature, in 2001. He was also awarded Narmad Suvarna Chandrak in 1989 for his Gujarati work \"Agnikundma Ugelu Gulab\". Desai won the 18th Moortidevi Award for the year 2004, given by Bharatiya Jnanpith, for his famous work ‘Maroon Jeewan Aj Mari", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8284368", "score": "1.29995", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Amitav Ghosh", "text": "section, citing his objections to the term \"commonwealth\" and the unfairness of the English language requirement specified in the rules. Ghosh received the lifetime achievement award at Tata Literature Live, the Mumbai LitFest on November 20, 2016. He was conferred the 54th Jnanpith award in December 2018 and is the first Indian writer in English to have been chosen for this honour. Novels Non-Fiction Amitav Ghosh Amitav Ghosh (born 11 July 1956) is an Indian writer and the winner of the 54th Jnanpith award, best known for his work in English fiction. Amitav Ghosh was born in Calcutta on 11", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3316831", "score": "1.2883307", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Swadesh Bharati", "text": "Literature) by Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, (Hindi University), Allahabad in 1993. He received Hindi Seva Samman (Award for continuous writing), by Mysore Hindi Parishad at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on 29 October 1994. He was honoured with Sahitya Bhushan Award by U.P. Hindi Sansthan, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, on 27 December 2001; he was honoured for remarkable achievements in Hindi literature & services to Hindi & other Indian Languages by National Institute of Teachers Technical Training & Research, Bhopal. The Government of India nominated him as a member of Kendriya Hindi Samiti, constituted under the chairmanship of Hon. Prime Minister, India.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9541038", "score": "1.2838197", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Jnanpith Award", "long_answer": "From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their \"most outstanding work\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of ₹1 lakh (equivalent to ₹48 lakh or US$75,000 in 2017), and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of the award was the Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (The Bamboo Flute), published in 1950. The rules were revised in subsequent years to consider only works published during the preceding twenty years, excluding the year for which the award was to be given and the cash prize was increased to ₹1.5 lakh (equivalent to ₹22 lakh or US$34,000 in 2017) from 1981.", "chunked_long_answer": "work\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of ₹1 lakh (equivalent to ₹48 lakh or US$75,000 in 2017), and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of the award was the Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (The Bamboo Flute), published in 1950. The rules were revised in subsequent years to consider only works published during the preceding twenty years, excluding the year for which the award was to be given and the cash prize was increased to", "short_answers": [ "Malayalam" ] }

[ "season seven premiere", "The season seven premiere" ]

[ { "title": "Jennifer Jareau", "text": "The season seven premiere reveals that JJ has returned to the Behavioral Analysis Unit, having received the training to become a full-time profiler, instead of the Media Liaison, a position which has been split between Hotch and Garcia.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "Terrorism Unit. In season 6, JJ is forced to accept a promotion at The Pentagon, causing her to leave the BAU. Later that season, Emily is seemingly killed off. Although she survives, she does not appear for the rest of the season. Cook and Brewster were both replaced by Rachel Nichols as Ashley Seaver, an FBI cadet. CBS's decision to release Cook and Brewster from their contracts resulted in numerous fans writing angry letters to the studio and signing protest petitions. CBS rehired Cook and Brewster as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss, respectively; Nichols was released. In February 2012 Brewster", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532329", "score": "1.1553559", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "didn’t care then and that JJ was going to lose more than a baby this time. JJ then figures out who is behind all of this and demands that his boss show his face. That's when Hastings, perfectly healthy, comes out of hiding on request. Back at the BAU, knowing that the information had to be acquired from a nearby area, but not being able to pinpoint the exact location, the team rushes out without Prentiss to search all locations for JJ and Cruz. Garcia and Kevin (Nicholas Brendon), waiting for a clue, have one pop up on Garcia's computer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908798", "score": "1.151924", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 11)", "text": "to her newborn baby. A. J. Cook was also revealed to be pregnant, a fact that was carried over to her character Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau as well. Showrunner Erica Messer informed in an interview that Cook's character JJ will not appear for the first five episodes of the season as Cook is on maternity leave. Messer continued talking about a guest star to replace Cook during her absence from the show as she said, \"My hope is we could have a fun guest star when A.J.'s on maternity leave. It will be different because JJ won't be there. There is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18786738", "score": "1.1364164", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "200 (Criminal Minds) \"200\" is the fourteenth episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural crime drama television series \"Criminal Minds\", and is the 200th episode overall, which aired on CBS on February 5, 2014. The episode was written by Rick Dunkle and directed by Larry Teng. At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 12.92 million viewers and received mixed reviews but television critics praised A.J. Cook's performance. After being abducted at the end of the previous episode, JJ (A.J. Cook) finds herself being held against her will with a bag over her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908789", "score": "1.1350927", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Jennifer Jareau", "text": "homicide, who lured Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia onto a date, and then shot her, in an attempt to keep his crimes from being discovered). During season six, JJ is given a promotion to the Pentagon; however, she returns in season seven as a full-time profiler, having received the necessary training. In season 9 (\"200\"), she is then kidnapped, and it is revealed that her year as the DOD Liaison at the Pentagon was a cover story. It turns out she was on a task force in Afghanistan, in search for Bin Laden. The team saves her, and in season 10,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9092443", "score": "1.1332976", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "of Askari's “signature” was JJ’s informant overseas and he’s been killing ever since. The BAU classified him as a serial killer with a pattern. Askari will do everything in his power to break his victim within the first 24 hours. If they somehow hold off and continue to fight him then he’s forced to move away from his usual pattern and turns to rape. On the plane, Prentiss communicates with the BAU to find out that JJ is being tortured for information (along with Cruz), the information being the security codes for project “Integrity”. And they find out that Askari", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908796", "score": "1.1046472", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "JJ (Skins series 3)", "text": "Freddie Mclair (Luke Pasqualino) over their shared love interest, Effy Stonem (Kaya Scodelario). \"JJ\" was filmed in November 2008. Barbieri undertook various measures to get into his character's mindset, including research, creating part of the set himself, and later destroying it. The episode featured numerous cameo appearances by the series' crew members. \"JJ\" drew just under one million viewers on its first broadcast and was E4's highest-rated programme of the week. It was received generally well by critics, though the writers' decision for Emily to have sex with JJ drew criticism from the lesbian community. JJ visits his psychiatrist, Dr", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13582815", "score": "1.1026958", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jennifer Jareau", "text": "Jennifer Jareau Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama \"Criminal Minds\", portrayed by A. J. Cook. During various episodes, Jareau has described growing up in a small town near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When she was eleven, her seventeen-year-old sister Rosaline committed suicide by cutting. Rosaline's death was a particularly painful topic for her and she initially chose not to tell her young son about Rosaline, until her mother Sandy reminded her that avoidance was not the solution to dealing with the pain. A high school athlete, Jareau graduated valedictorian from East Allegheny High School, where she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9092440", "score": "1.0988138", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Spencer Reid", "text": "Spencer Reid Spencer Reid is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama \"Criminal Minds\", portrayed by Matthew Gray Gubler. Reid is a genius with an IQ of 187 and can read 20,000 words per minute with an eidetic memory (meaning that he can remember an exceedingly large amount of information with extraordinary detail). He is the youngest member of the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU), has three BAs and three PhDs (in Mathematics, Chemistry, and Engineering), and specializes in statistics and geographic profiling. Reid was born on October 28th, 1981 and is a genius and autodidact who graduated from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7846684", "score": "1.0848119", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "It's revealed that JJ was sent there to be the intermediary for female suspects. Her job is to crack them without the normal brutality saved for their male counterparts. Cruz then introduces her to Tivon Askari (Faran Tahir), her interpreter. Back in the preset day, the BAU receives word of her disappearance from Will Lamontagne Jr. (Josh Stewart), her husband, and information that she had worked with their new Section Chief Mateo Cruz in the past. JJ told Will that if anything seemed off or wrong that he was to go to Cruz. However neither he nor the team can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908791", "score": "1.0837514", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "reinforcements. Hotch then calls Emily Prentiss (Paget Brewster), former BAU agent, now head of Interpol and asks her for help. Prentiss, hearing that JJ had been kidnapped by terrorist Tivon Askari, is rushed directly onto her private jet to help out the BAU. Askari was using all the data he managed to obtain on their task force as a commodity to sell to whoever wished to hire him. A man for hire means no allegiance to anyone. Once his true agenda was revealed back in 2011; he immediately went underground to never be seen again. The first record they have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908795", "score": "1.0823416", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 9)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 9) The ninth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS and CTV, on September 25, 2013. The series was officially renewed for a ninth season on May 9, 2013. The season consists of 24 episodes with the 200th episode being episode 14 of the season, and the finale on 14 May. This new season is said to reveal more on the past of Agent Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau. \"We're going to use the serendipitous gift of Season 6 to explain with flashbacks what happened when she was working for the Pentagon and why she came back as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17421742", "score": "1.0814518", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 11)", "text": "Hewitt left the show because of her pregnancy, and her character Kate Callahan, handed in her resignation at the end of the season ten finale, due to her pregnancy and decision to devote the next year to her baby. It was announced that Aisha Tyler will replace Hewitt in a recurring role as Dr. Tara Lewis. A.J. Cook revealed herself to be pregnant, and it was later revealed in the tenth-season finale that her character Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau was also pregnant. She did not appear in the first six episodes (except the season premiere). Showrunner Erica Messer expressed her desire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18786735", "score": "1.0712633", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Alex Blake (Criminal Minds)", "text": "resurfaces and orders them to \"shoot everywhere\", but when they can't find a body, Blake gets worried. She dries off, and talks with JJ about how she's doing. JJ insists that the unsub is dead, and Blake repeats this to herself. However, the unsub is shown to be alive and well, attacking a couple in Kentucky. In the season 9 two-part finale, \"Angels\" and \"Demons\", Blake becomes distraught and depressed when Reid is shot in the neck by the unsub after pushing Blake out of the way and nearly dies, even commenting that it should have been her who was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18045370", "score": "1.0673368", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "find Cruz because Cruz has also gone missing. race against the clock and against forces trying to stop them from saving both JJ, and the Section Chief’s lives. The team tries to gather intel but is met with many obstacles along the way. Garcia (Kirsten Vangsness) tries to use many of her skills to go through security clearances to find out the reason why they might have been taken. The team is split up and tries to gather more information. Rossi (Joe Mantegna) and Blake (Jeanne Tripplehorn) search through JJ's old office and find documents about her secret mission, code-named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908792", "score": "1.0552335", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "JJ (Skins series 3)", "text": "JJ (Skins series 3) \"JJ\" is the seventh episode of the of the British teen drama \"Skins\", which first aired on 5 March 2009 on E4 in both Ireland and the United Kingdom. The episode was written by the series' co-creator, Bryan Elsley, and was directed by Charles Martin. The episode focuses on the character of JJ Jones (Ollie Barbieri), who has Asperger syndrome, and his confusion about his life and his desire to be normal. He strikes up a friendship with Emily Fitch (Kathryn Prescott) and attempts to solve the dispute between his friends James Cook (Jack O'Connell) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13582814", "score": "1.0551081", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "200 (Criminal Minds)", "text": "never got high clearance to access \"Integrity\", meaning that there was another person on the inside to go to bat for him. The team begin to think that person is Cruz. Which makes JJ is an even more dangerous position. The team discover that Hastings staged his own kidnapping to escape persecution. He escaped by setting off a road side bomb. Hastings knew JJ was pregnant but didn’t care. All that mattered was he escaped. Due to the bombing, JJ miscarries and loses her baby. Askari continues to torture and interrogate JJ and Cruz. Askari the tells Cruz the he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20908797", "score": "1.0540124", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Aaron Hotchner", "text": "he shares with Penelope Garcia. Former Media Communications Officer Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau has moved on to become an official full-time profiler. Hotchner requested to run the psych review on his team following Prentiss' \"death\". This request was granted by Strauss, and saw the different reactions from his team. Strauss questioned why he had not submitted a psych report for himself, he made an excuse. Hotch is also very protective of Spencer Reid, which is shown in small ways throughout the episodes. In the pilot episode \"Extreme Aggressor\", Hotch explains that they introduce him as Dr. Spencer Reid instead of Special", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9093653", "score": "1.0517821", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (franchise)", "text": "\"Criminal Minds\" which premiered on September 22, 2005 is set primarily at the BAU based in Quantico, Virginia, and focuses on profiling the criminal, called the unsub (unknown subject), rather than the actual crime itself. The focal point of the series follows a group of FBI profilers who set about catching various criminals through behavioral profiling. The plot focuses on the team working cases and the personal lives of the characters, depicting the hardened life and statutory requirements of a profiler. In early 2009, Michael Ausiello from \"Entertainment Weekly\" said that he and studios were discussing the possibility of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19294110", "score": "1.0508593", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 7)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 7) The seventh season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 21, 2011. Both A. J. Cook and Paget Brewster were rehired by CBS to reprise their roles as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss. On February 15, 2012, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Paget Brewster (Emily Prentiss) would leave the series, definitively, once season seven was over. All the other main actors on the show secured deals to return for the eighth season. The two-hour season finale, which took place on May 16, 2012, reveals Prentiss making the decision to leave the BAU.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15736103", "score": "1.0507398", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "Criminal Minds Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created and produced by Jeff Davis. It premiered on September 22, 2005 and has run for fourteen seasons on CBS. It tells the story of a group of behavioral profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). The team focuses on profiling criminals, called the \"unsub\" or \"unknown subject\", as well as victimology, in investigation of crimes. The show follows the team as they work various cases and tackle their personal struggles. The show has an ensemble cast, with Jason Gideon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532324", "score": "1.04346", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "series premiered in September 2005, it featured FBI agents Jason Gideon, Aaron Hotchner, Elle Greenaway, Derek Morgan, Spencer Reid, Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau, and Penelope Garcia. For season 1, Garcia was not a main cast member but rather had a recurring role, although she appeared in most episodes. In 2006, at the start of season 2, Lola Glaudini announced her departure from the show, as she wanted to return home to New York City. Paget Brewster replaced her in the role of Emily Prentiss. At the start of season 3, Mandy Patinkin announced his departure from the show because he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532327", "score": "1.0421607", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 10)", "text": "work lands her a job with the Behavioral Analysis Unit. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 10) The tenth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on October 1, 2014. The series was officially renewed for a tenth season on March 13, 2014. It consists of 23 episodes. This season features Jennifer Love Hewitt playing an undercover agent who joins the BAU. The entire main cast returned for the season, except Jeanne Tripplehorn (Alex Blake), who left the show in the season nine finale. On July 1, 2014, it was announced that Jennifer Love Hewitt would join the show as a series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18132739", "score": "1.0420799", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 5)", "text": "Criminal Minds (season 5) The fifth season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS on September 23, 2009 and ended May 26, 2010. Episode 18 was a pilot episode for the spin-off series \"\". In the season premiere \"Nameless, Faceless\", D. B. Sweeney guest-starred as Sam Kassmeyer, a U.S. Marshal who is assigned to protect Aaron Hotchner's family until George Foyet is caught. Christopher Cousins guest-starred as Dr. Tom Barton, a trauma surgeon whose son is targeted by the father of a teenage boy Barton tried to save. In the episode \"Haunted\", Sean Patrick Flanery guest-starred as Darren Call, a spree", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14383451", "score": "1.0380914", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 12)", "text": "Dr. Diana Reid, Spencer Reid's schizophrenic mother after eight years. She appeared in the second half of the season in a multi-episode arc. To fill the void after Gibson's firing, Damon Gupton was cast in the series regular role of Special Agent Stephen Walker, a profiler from the Behaviorial Analysis Program in the FBI. He will make his first appearance in the eighth episode. Shemar Moore reprised his role as Derek Morgan in the season finale as his character tried to help catch Mr. Scratch after bringing the BAU a lead in the case against him. During April 2017, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19391375", "score": "1.0376105", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A. J. Cook", "text": "September 2008 their son, Mekhai, was born. Mekhai makes a brief appearance as Henry LaMontagne in \"Criminal Minds\", when Cook's character is buying children's medicine from a pharmacy. He reprised the role in the two-hour season seven finale in 2012 and several other episodes throughout the series. The couple's second son, Phoenix Sky, was born in July 2015. He also appears in \"Criminal Minds\" as JJ's second son, Michael. A. J. Cook Andrea Joy Cook (born July 22, 1978) is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Supervisory Special Agent Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau in the CBS crime drama", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3101573", "score": "1.0369791", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds", "text": "& iOS devices. Criminal Minds Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created and produced by Jeff Davis. It premiered on September 22, 2005 and has run for fourteen seasons on CBS. It tells the story of a group of behavioral profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). The team focuses on profiling criminals, called the \"unsub\" or \"unknown subject\", as well as victimology, in investigation of crimes. The show follows the team as they work various cases and tackle their personal struggles. The show has an ensemble cast,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5532343", "score": "1.0354382", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Criminal Minds (season 7)", "text": "a job as Chief of the Interpol office in London, which she accepts, causing her departure from the BAU. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 7) The seventh season of \"Criminal Minds\" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 21, 2011. Both A. J. Cook and Paget Brewster were rehired by CBS to reprise their roles as Jennifer Jareau and Emily Prentiss. On February 15, 2012, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Paget Brewster (Emily Prentiss) would leave the series, definitively, once season seven was over. All the other main actors on the show secured deals to return for the eighth season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15736111", "score": "1.0336905", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Alex Blake (Criminal Minds)", "text": "or even gave them a phone call because she felt that by doing so, she would be reminded of their late mother and brother. The two then make amends as they have a barbecue with Damon and the entire BAU team. In the episode \"200\", she assisted the rest of the team in finding JJ and FBI Section Chief Director Mateo Cruz when both go missing. During the search, the BAU resorts to the help of Prentiss, whom Blake replaced, and the two of them met for the first time. At the end of the episode, Blake expresses her happiness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18045366", "score": "1.0295882", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Jennifer Jareau", "long_answer": "The season seven premiere reveals that JJ has returned to the Behavioral Analysis Unit, having received the training to become a full-time profiler, instead of the Media Liaison, a position which has been split between Hotch and Garcia.", "chunked_long_answer": "The season seven premiere reveals that JJ has returned to the Behavioral Analysis Unit, having received the training to become a full-time profiler, instead of the Media Liaison, a position which has been split between Hotch and Garcia.", "short_answers": [ "The season seven premiere", "season seven premiere" ] }

[ "Charles Sherrington" ]

[ { "title": "Synapse", "text": "Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed that neurons are not continuous throughout the body, yet still communicate with each other, an idea known as the neuron doctrine. The word \"synapse\" – from the Greek synapsis (συνάψις), meaning \"conjunction\", in turn from συνάπτεὶν (συν (\"together\") and ἅπτειν (\"to fasten\")) – was introduced in 1897 by the English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in Michael Foster's Textbook of Physiology. Sherrington struggled to find a good term that emphasized a union between two separate elements, and the actual term \"synapse\" was suggested by the English classical scholar Arthur Woollgar Verrall, a friend of Michael Foster. Some", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Neurotransmitter", "text": "the synaptic cleft, was discovered. The presence of such a gap suggested communication via chemical messengers traversing the synaptic cleft, and in 1921 German pharmacologist Otto Loewi (1873–1961) confirmed that neurons can communicate by releasing chemicals. Through a series of experiments involving the vagus nerves of frogs, Loewi was able to manually slow the heart rate of frogs by controlling the amount of saline solution present around the vagus nerve. Upon completion of this experiment, Loewi asserted that sympathetic regulation of cardiac function can be mediated through changes in chemical concentrations. Furthermore, Otto Loewi is credited with discovering acetylcholine (ACh)—the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "290280", "score": "1.1667204", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Theodore Holmes Bullock", "text": "that neurons can communicate not just via action potential and chemical synapse, but through non-synaptic interactions without such impulses. Today we know that this type of electrical interaction is mediated by gap junctions. This idea, that electrical synapses couple groups of cells into functional units, lead to Bullock’s lifelong interest in field potentials, which are generated by the summated electrical activity of millions of brain cells. Bullock was a respected teacher who taught many courses while at UCLA, such as zoology and advanced invertebrate biology. He spent the summers of 1955-1957 at Woods Hole as the director of the Invertebrate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11186191", "score": "1.0487615", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Nervous system", "text": "would not exist without the human brain. Most neurons send signals via their axons, although some types are capable of dendrite-to-dendrite communication. (In fact, the types of neurons called amacrine cells have no axons, and communicate only via their dendrites.) Neural signals propagate along an axon in the form of electrochemical waves called action potentials, which produce cell-to-cell signals at points where axon terminals make synaptic contact with other cells. Synapses may be electrical or chemical. Electrical synapses make direct electrical connections between neurons, but chemical synapses are much more common, and much more diverse in function. At a chemical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "294329", "score": "1.0143942", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Stephen J Smith", "text": "Stephen J Smith Stephen J Smith is a Senior Investigator at the Allen Institute for Brain Science. Previously, Dr. Smith was Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine. In 1990, Smith published an article in the journal \"Science\", which proposed that certain glial cells in the human brain known as astrocytes would be able to communicate through chemical signals, rather than electrical. By utilizing the neurotransmitter glutamate, he was able to show that these cells, which had once been perceived as inert tissue between neurons, in fact were actively communicating with the rest of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16170373", "score": "1.006047", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Vagusstoff", "text": "discussion among scientists whether communication between nerves and muscles was chemical or electrical by nature. Experiments by Luigi Galvani in the 18th century had demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the frog sciatic nerve resulted in twitching of the leg muscles, and from this he developed the concept of bioelectricity. This led to the idea that direct electrical contact between nerves and muscles mediated transmission of excitation. However, work by John Newport Langley had suggested that in the autonomic nervous system communication in the ciliary ganglion was chemical. Loewi's experiments, published in 1921 , finally settled the issue, proving that synaptic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7317236", "score": "1.0056283", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Carla J. Shatz", "text": "She found that the spontaneous activity of neurons \"in utero\" is critical for the formation of precise and orderly neural connections in the central nervous system. She discovered that waves of spontaneous activity in the retina can alter gene expression and the strength of synaptic connections. In 2000, Shatz and colleagues identified Class I MHC molecules as important in neuronal plasticity, a surprising new role for molecules previously thought to have only immune system function. Shatz is credited with coining the sentence summarizing the Hebbian theory: \"Cells that fire together, wire together.\" Although a similar phrase might first have appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9581358", "score": "1.0043397", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Electrical synapse", "text": "suggests that both models are physiologically significant; it could be said that the Nobel committee acted with great foresight in awarding the Prize jointly. There was substantial debate on whether the transmission of information between neurons was chemical or electrical in the first decades of the twentieth century, but chemical synaptic transmission was seen as the only answer after Otto Loewi's demonstration of chemical communication between neurons and heart muscle. Thus, the discovery of electrical communication was surprising. Electrical synapses were first demonstrated between escape-related giant neurons in crayfish in the late 1950s, and were later found in vertebrates. Electrical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2560779", "score": "0.9924687", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Charles Scott Sherrington", "text": "law). Through his seminal 1906 publication, \"The Integrative Action of the Nervous System\", he had effectively laid to rest the theory that the nervous system, including the brain, can be understood as a single interlinking network. His alternative explanation of synaptic communication between neurons helped shape our understanding of the central nervous system. Official biographies claim Charles Scott Sherrington was born in Islington, London, England, on 27 November 1857 and that he was the son of James Norton Sherrington, a country doctor, and his wife Anne Thurtell. However James Norton Sherrington was an ironmonger and artist's colourman in Great Yarmouth,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3372657", "score": "0.9812639", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Max Bennett (scientist)", "text": "on muscle cells. In 2001 Bennett and colleagues showed that once a nerve terminal is established the glial ensheathing cells can guide the formation of new synapses on mature muscle cells in a matter of minutes. In 2007 he observed that microglial cells of the brain can conduct calcium waves that are mediated by the release of NANC transmitters (purines), opening up the study of the interaction of the immune and nervous systems at the level of the synapse. The main theme of Bennett’s philosophical work is that brain scientists have misused language in attributing our psychological capacities as in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17899086", "score": "0.9749548", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Gerald Crabtree", "text": "put together like letters in a word to give a wide variety of different biological meanings. In 2009 he worked with post doctoral fellow, Andrew Yoo to discover a genetic circuitry controlling the assembly of specialized, brain-specific chromatin regulatory complexes necessary for the development of the mammalian nervous system and demonstrated that recapitulating this circuitry in mammalian cells converts human skin cells to neurons. Crabtree, with graduate student Cigall Kadoch (now at Harvard Medical School) completed the characterization of the subunits of BAF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, and found that these complexes contribute to the cause of over 20% of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16869561", "score": "0.9737481", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Bernard Katz", "text": "practising doctor, while Jonathan is Public Orator of The University of Oxford. His research uncovered fundamental properties of synapses, the junctions across which nerve cells signal to each other and to other types of cells. By the 1950s, he was studying the biochemistry and action of acetylcholine, a signalling molecule found in synapses linking motor neurons to muscles, used to stimulate contraction. Katz won the Nobel for his discovery with Paul Fatt that neurotransmitter release at synapses is \"quantal\", meaning that at any particular synapse, the amount of neurotransmitter released is never less than a certain amount, and if more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1699244", "score": "0.9698596", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Andrea Brand", "text": "Cambridge. During these years Brand has performed work on nervous-system development that the Royal Society has described as “pioneering.” According to the Royal Society, her study of the fruit fly's embryonic nervous system “has led to new insights into the biology of neural stem cells, and the ability of neurons to regenerate after damage.” Moreover, Brand “identified a novel role for a key regulator in cell division in controlling the strength of neuronal connections,” which “could help uncover new drug targets in the search for treatments for neural disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.” As one source explains, “Brand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15082023", "score": "0.96836746", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Nervous system", "text": "other cells. They send these signals in the form of electrochemical waves traveling along thin fibers called axons, which cause chemicals called neurotransmitters to be released at junctions called synapses. A cell that receives a synaptic signal from a neuron may be excited, inhibited, or otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural pathways, neural circuits, and larger networks that generate an organism's perception of the world and determine its behavior. Along with neurons, the nervous system contains other specialized cells called glial cells (or simply glia), which provide structural and metabolic support. Nervous systems are found in most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "294297", "score": "0.96567214", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Wiley Prize", "text": "Francisco for explaining how cargo is moved by molecular motors along two different systems of tracks within cells. Dr. Lily Jan and Dr. Yuh Nung Jan of Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California, San Francisco for their molecular identification of a founding member of a family of potassium ion channels that control nerve cell activity throughout the animal kingdom. Dr. Peter Hegemann, Professor of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, Berlin; Dr. Georg Nagel, Professor of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, University of Würzburg; and Dr. Ernst Bamberg, Professor and Director of the Dept of Biophysical Chemistry, Max", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12988003", "score": "0.9634886", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mary B. Kennedy", "text": "fellowships at Harvard Medical School with Edward Kravitz, and then at Yale University with Paul Greengard. In 1981, she moved to Caltech as an assistant professor and was promoted to professor in 1992. She was named Allen and Lenabelle Davis Professor of Biology in 2002. Her laboratory purified and characterized the synaptic signaling protein Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in 1983 and showed that it is 1-2% of forebrain protein, is a major constituent of the postsynaptic density, and is regulated by autophosphorylation following activation by synaptic activity. Her lab later used micro-sequencing, molecular cloning, and immunocytochemistry to identify the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20384421", "score": "0.9591427", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cell–cell interaction", "text": "attached to the plasma membrane of different cell. In eukaryotes, many of the cells during early development communicate through direct contact. Synaptic signaling, an integral part of nervous system activity, occurs between neurons and target cells. These target cells can also be neurons or other cell types (i.e. muscle or gland cells). Protocadherins, a member of the cadherin family, mediate the adhesion of neurons to their target cells at synapses otherwise known as synaptic junctions. In order to for communication to occur between a neuron and its target cell, a wave of depolarization travels the length of the neuron and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13958718", "score": "0.95846415", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cecilia Bouzat", "text": "Biochemical Sciences at the Universidad Nacional del Sur of Bahía Blanca in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Following the completion of her advanced degrees, Bouzat completed a postdoctorate study in the United States of America at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1994. Bouzat's research has been focused on the nervous system and how the brain and muscle cells communicate. Her first studies revolved around how Cys-loop receptors are involved in the synapses and enable rapid communications between the neurons and how drugs and compounds may modify the operation of the membrane proteins specific to the nervous system. Alterations to neuronal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18701980", "score": "0.95825505", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "John Eccles (neurophysiologist)", "text": "in neuroscience. Until around 1949, Eccles believed that synaptic transmission was primarily electrical rather than chemical. Although he was wrong in this hypothesis, his arguments led him and others to perform some of the experiments which proved chemical synaptic transmission. Bernard Katz and Eccles worked together on some of the experiments which elucidated the role of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter in the brain. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in 1958 in recognition of services to physiological research. He won the Australian of the Year Award in 1963, the same year he won the Nobel Prize. In 1964 he became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "220595", "score": "0.95764565", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Chemical synapse", "text": "and Paul Fatt observed spontaneous miniature synaptic currents at the frog neuromuscular junction. Based on these observations, they developed the 'quantal hypothesis' that is the basis for our current understanding of neurotransmitter release as exocytosis and for which Katz received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970. In the late 1960s, Ricardo Miledi and Katz advanced the hypothesis that depolarization-induced influx of calcium ions triggers exocytosis. Chemical synapse Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "383619", "score": "0.95625055", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Krešimir Krnjević", "text": "Mcgill's Director of Anesthesia Research Department until 1999 and professor of physiology from 1978 to 1987. He gained worldwide recognition early, clarifying the role of chemical control processes in the brain. Especially important are his discoveries of the nature of chemical neurotransmitters. For research he used techniques and knowledge he acquired during his stay in Canberra. John W. Phillis and Krnjević discovered inhibitory action of gamma-aminobutyric acid and excitatory action of glutamate in the mammalian brain and made important contributions to the clarification of the role which glutamic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have for the signal processing in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18030394", "score": "0.94978416", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lateral grey column", "text": "cells, that relay electrical signals through the brain and body. A nerve cell receives signals from other nerve cells through tree-branch-like extensions called dendrites and passes signals on through a long extension called an axon (or nerve fiber). Synapses are places where one cell's axon passes information to another cell's dendrite by sending chemicals called neurotransmitters across a small gap called a synaptic cleft. Synapses occur in various locations, including ganglia (singular: ganglion), which are masses of nerve cell bodies. Preganglionic nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system (all of which come from the lateral grey column), use the neurotransmitter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7698972", "score": "0.94941163", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cellular neuroscience", "text": "between two cells in close apposition to one another. In a synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is the presynaptic neuron and the target cell receives that signal is the postsynaptic neuron or cell. Synapses can be either electrical or chemical. Electrical synapses are characterized by the formation of gap junctions that allow ions and other organic compound to instantaneously pass from one cell to another. Chemical synapses are characterized by the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters that diffuse across a synaptic cleft to bind with postsynaptic receptors. A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that is synthesized within neurons themselves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12840393", "score": "0.9479639", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Nervous system", "text": "became possible to examine them using a microscope. The author Michael Nikoletseas wrote: \"It is difficult to believe that until approximately year 1900 it was not known that neurons are the basic units of the brain (Santiago Ramón y Cajal). Equally surprising is the fact that the concept of chemical transmission in the brain was not known until around 1930 (Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi). We began to understand the basic electrical phenomenon that neurons use in order to communicate among themselves, the action potential, in the 1950s (Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley and John Eccles). It was in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "294301", "score": "0.9472983", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Howard Sachs (scientist)", "text": "in secretory granules and ultimately secreted into the blood. He also showed that brain tissue could be kept intact and functional for two months in tissue culture, and contributed to the understanding of the interactions between the neuroendocrine neurons and neuroglial cells in the hypothalamal-neurohypophysial system (HNS). At the height of his research career, Sachs left The Roche Institute of Molecular Biology to go to medical school. In 1976 he received an M.D. from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. Howard Sachs (scientist) Howard Sachs (July 12, 1926 – December 6, 2011), was a biochemist who helped pioneer the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18255840", "score": "0.94656247", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Rüdiger Klein", "text": "In 2001, he was appointed director at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology. Rüdiger Klein’s scientific research is focused on the molecular mechanisms which allow nerve cells to communicate. Rüdiger Klein’s work led to a number of scientific findings. Among these were Rüdiger Klein Rüdiger Klein (born March 24, 1958 in Nickenich) is a German neurobiologist. He is director at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology and head of the department Molecules - Signaling - Development. Rüdiger Klein studied biology at the universities of Marburg and Tübingen and at the Juniata College (USA). He gained his PhD at the University", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11966343", "score": "0.94494486", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Ben Barres", "text": "in journals such as \"Nature\" \"Neuroscience\" and \"Cell\". His research involved studying mammalian glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), including the exploration of their function and development. Some of his earliest work studied vertebrate nervous system development, including how and why many neurons fail to survive shortly after forming connections with their targets. These studies investigated how this programmed cell death, apoptosis, occurred in such a tremendous scale. Additionally, he studied processes such as the prerequisites for and consequences of axon myelination, and the interactions of various signaling molecules such as thyroid-hormone and retinoic acid within the formation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8315344", "score": "0.9427029", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Julian Jack", "text": "cells do not actually touch each other. Instead, when the end of a nerve is activated it releases ions or chemicals known as neurotransmitters. Subsequently, these move across the gap, or synapse, between the neuron and the adjacent cell in the network, activating its receptors and perpetuating the signal. Jack applies theoretical and experimental approaches to research this process of synaptic transmission. This includes the use of neurophysiology methods to record bioelectrical activity and mathematical models to analyse the central and peripheral nervous systems. His work on neurotransmission is offering insight into disorders of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14630566", "score": "0.9421475", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gerald Edelman", "text": "professor at the school in 1966. In 1992, he moved to California and became a professor of neurobiology at The Scripps Research Institute. After his Nobel prize award, Edelman began research into the regulation of primary cellular processes, particularly the control of cell growth and the development of multi-celled organisms, focussing on cell-to-cell interactions in early embryonic development and in the formation and function of the nervous system. These studies led to the discovery of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which guide the fundamental processes that help an animal achieve its shape and form, and by which nervous systems are built.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1588860", "score": "0.9416503", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Otto Loewi", "text": "physiological responses could be caused by applying an electrical impulse, which suggested that electrical transmission may be the only mode of endogenous signaling. In the early 20th century the controversy of whether cells used chemical or electrical transmission divided even the most prominent scientists. Loewi's famous experiment, published in 1921, largely answered this question. According to Loewi, the idea for his key experiment came to him in his sleep, causing him to go directly to the laboratory in the middle of the night. He dissected out of frogs two beating hearts: one with the vagus nerve which controls heart rate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2831256", "score": "0.94113195", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Synapse", "long_answer": "Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed that neurons are not continuous throughout the body, yet still communicate with each other, an idea known as the neuron doctrine. The word \"synapse\" – from the Greek synapsis (συνάψις), meaning \"conjunction\", in turn from συνάπτεὶν (συν (\"together\") and ἅπτειν (\"to fasten\")) – was introduced in 1897 by the English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in Michael Foster's Textbook of Physiology. Sherrington struggled to find a good term that emphasized a union between two separate elements, and the actual term \"synapse\" was suggested by the English classical scholar Arthur Woollgar Verrall, a friend of Michael Foster. Some authors generalize the concept of the synapse to include the communication from a neuron to any other cell type, such as to a motor cell, although such non-neuronal contacts may be referred to as junctions (a historically older term).", "chunked_long_answer": "Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed that neurons are not continuous throughout the body, yet still communicate with each other, an idea known as the neuron doctrine. The word \"synapse\" – from the Greek synapsis (συνάψις), meaning \"conjunction\", in turn from συνάπτεὶν (συν (\"together\") and ἅπτειν (\"to fasten\")) – was introduced in 1897 by the English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in Michael Foster's Textbook of Physiology. Sherrington struggled to find a good term that emphasized a union between two separate elements, and the actual term \"synapse\" was suggested by the English classical scholar Arthur Woollgar Verrall, a friend of Michael Foster. Some", "short_answers": [ "Charles Sherrington" ] }

[ "bowel obstruction", "ulcerative colitis", "high-output fistula", "short bowel syndrome", "very severe Crohn's disease", "prolonged diarrhea", "gastroschisis" ]

[ { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "TPN may be the only feasible option for providing nutrition to patients who do not have a functioning gastrointestinal tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest, including bowel obstruction, short bowel syndrome, gastroschisis, prolonged diarrhea regardless of its cause, high-output fistula, very severe Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain pediatric GI disorders including congenital GI anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "parenteral nutrition (PPN) when nutrition is also partially enteric. It may be called peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) when administered through vein access in a limb rather than through a central vein as central venous nutrition (CVN). Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is provided when the gastrointestinal tract is nonfunctional because of an interruption in its continuity (it is blocked, or has a leak - a fistula) or because its absorptive capacity is impaired. It has been used for comatose patients, although enteral feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications. Parenteral nutrition is used to prevent malnutrition in patients who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903059", "score": "1.2891544", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Intestinal pseudo-obstruction", "text": "overgrowth and subsequently, diarrhea or malabsorption, is treated with antibiotics. Nutritional deficiencies are treated by encouraging patients to avoid food high in fat and fibre, which are harder to digest and increase abdominal distention and discomfort, and have small, frequent meals (5–6 per day), focusing on liquids and soft food. Reducing intake of poorly absorbed sugar alcohols may be of benefit. Referral to an accredited dietitian is recommended. If dietary changes are unsuccessful in meeting nutritional requirements and stemming weight loss, enteral nutrition is used. Many patients eventually require parenteral nutrition. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a form of long-term", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7168832", "score": "1.2548732", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "TPN to cancer patients is largely debated, and studies to date have generally showed minimal long term benefit. Short-term PN may be used if a person's digestive system has shut down (for instance by peritonitis), and they are at a low enough weight to cause concerns about nutrition during an extended hospital stay. Long-term PN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident, surgery, or digestive disorder. PN has extended the life of children born with nonexistent or severely deformed organs. Approximately 40,000 people use TPN at home in the United States, and because TPN", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903061", "score": "1.2339643", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "allows for the best possible mental health situation; constantly being held down can lead to resentment and depression. Physical activity is also highly encouraged, but patients must avoid contact sports (equipment damage) and swimming (infection). Many teens find it difficult to live with TPN due to issues regarding body image and not being able to participate in activities and events. TPN fully bypasses the GI tract and normal methods of nutrient absorption. Possible complications, which may be significant, are listed below. Other than those listed below, other common complications of TPN include hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercapnia, decreased copper and zinc", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903063", "score": "1.2168182", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "Parenteral nutrition Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the feeding of specialist nutritional products to a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by specialist pharmaceutical compounding companies and is considered to be the highest risk pharmaceutical preparation available as the products cannot undergo any form of terminal sterilization. The person receives highly complex nutritional formulae that contain nutrients such as glucose, salts, amino acids, lipids and added vitamins and dietary minerals. It is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or total nutrient admixture (TNA) when no significant nutrition is obtained by other routes, and partial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903058", "score": "1.1900405", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "requires anywhere from 10–16 hours to be administered, daily life can be affected. Although daily lifestyle can be changed, most patients agree that these changes are better than staying at the hospital. Many different types of pumps exist to limit the time the patient is “hooked-up”. Usually a backpack pump is used, allowing for mobility. The time required to be connected to the IV is dependent on the situation of each patient; some require once a day, or five days a week. It is important for patients to avoid as much TPN related change as possible in their lifestyles. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903062", "score": "1.1806929", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Intestinal pseudo-obstruction", "text": "nutritional treatment needed for patients that have severe pseudoobstruction. After a period of no improvement of intestinal function or motility the decision to start TPN will be made, and the surgical procedure to add a long-term, more permanent IV to administer TPN will occur. Types of IV catheters to be placed will be a PICC line or central line which include mediports, Broviac, or Hickman lines depending on how long the physicians believe the patient will require TPN. Patients that are deemed TPN dependent will require constant checkups to monitor the catheter is working properly, check liver enzyme levels and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7168833", "score": "1.1645722", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "a major source of calories. TPN-associated liver disease strikes up to 50% of patients within 5–7 years, correlated with a mortality rate of 2–50%. Onset of this liver disease is the major complication that leads TPN patients to requiring an intestinal transplant. Intralipid (Fresenius-Kabi), the US standard lipid emulsion for TPN nutrition, contains a 7:1 ratio of n-6/n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). By contrast, Omegaven has a 1:8 ratio and showed promise in multiple clinical studies. Therefore n-3-rich fat may alter the course of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease. Because patients are being fed intravenously, the subject does", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903066", "score": "1.1627849", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "at the time of insertion should be less than 5%. Catheter-related infections may be minimised by appropriate choice of catheter and insertion technique. Metabolic complications include the refeeding syndrome characterised by hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia. Hyperglycemia is common at the start of therapy, but can be treated with insulin added to the TPN solution. Hypoglycaemia is likely to occur with abrupt cessation of TPN. Liver dysfunction can be limited to a reversible cholestatic jaundice and to fatty infiltration (demonstrated by elevated transaminases). Severe hepatic dysfunction is a rare complication. Overall, patients receiving TPN have a higher rate of infectious complications.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903070", "score": "1.1608284", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Intestinal pseudo-obstruction", "text": "look for signs of blood infections, as catheter blockage, liver damage, and infections of catheters are the main complications associated with long term TPN use and can result in sepsis and/or additional surgeries if not properly monitored. TPN nutritional feeds are given over a period of several hours to all day infusions, and are a mixture of all the vitamins, minerals, and calories similar to what one would get eating orally daily as well as any other specific nutritional needs the patient has at the moment. TPN format is typically changed depending on loss/gain of weight and bloodwork results, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7168834", "score": "1.1403061", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Intradialytic parenteral nutrition", "text": "Intradialytic parenteral nutrition Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) is a nutritional support therapy (medical nutrition therapy) for people on hemodialysis who have a difficult time maintaining adequate nutrition. It is administered directly into the bloodstream of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an effort to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality experienced in patients with renal failure. IDPN contains protein (amino acids), carbohydrates (dextrose), and fats (lipids) in an attempt to meet a patient's weekly nutritional needs. Solutions can be individualized for each patient based on weight, needs, medical history and enteral intake. Prior to 1990, traditional therapies for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17306194", "score": "1.123449", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Intradialytic parenteral nutrition", "text": "fit the patient’s individual needs and condition. Specific formulations address distinct differences between nutritional needs of those patients who exhibit protein malnutrition and those patients who exhibit calorie malnutrition. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) is a nutritional support therapy (medical nutrition therapy) for people on hemodialysis who have a difficult time maintaining adequate nutrition. It is administered directly into the bloodstream of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an effort to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality experienced in patients with renal failure. IDPN contains protein (amino acids), carbohydrates (dextrose), and fats (lipids) in an attempt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17306196", "score": "1.1222093", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "puppies and subsequently newborn babies with catastrophic gastrointestinal malignancies. Dr. Dudrick collaborated with Dr. Willmore and Dr. Vars to complete the work necessary to make this nutritional technique safe and successful. Parenteral nutrition Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the feeding of specialist nutritional products to a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by specialist pharmaceutical compounding companies and is considered to be the highest risk pharmaceutical preparation available as the products cannot undergo any form of terminal sterilization. The person receives highly complex nutritional formulae that contain nutrients such as glucose, salts, amino", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903078", "score": "1.1190379", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "not physically eat, resulting in intense hunger pangs (pains). The brain uses signals from the mouth (taste and smell), the stomach/gastrointestinal tract (fullness) and blood (nutrient levels) to determine conscious feelings of hunger. In cases of TPN, the taste, smell and physical fullness requirements are not met, and so the patient experiences hunger, despite the fact that the body is being fully nourished. Patients who eat food despite the inability can experience a wide range of complications. Total parenteral nutrition increases the risk of acute cholecystitis due to complete disuse of gastrointestinal tract, which may result in bile stasis in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903067", "score": "1.1149971", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Intradialytic parenteral nutrition", "text": "dialysis patients such as liberalized diet and oral supplements, led to protein malnutrition and/or calorie malnutrition. Efforts to supplement nutritional intake by providing nutrients during the dialysis procedure were attempted. As a result, IDPN became an established therapy to replete malnourished CKD-5 dialysis patients in the early 1990s. Generally the patients received a set formulation containing standard amounts of dextrose, amino acids and lipids regardless of the patient's weight, dialysis time and complicating co-morbid conditions. To address specific nutritional needs of individual patients, several providers of IDPN therapy developed formulations that take clinical variables into account in order to best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17306195", "score": "1.0798548", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Dietitian", "text": "other health care facilities to provide nutrition therapy to patients with a variety of health conditions, and provide dietary consultations to patients and their families. They confer with other health care professionals to review patients' medical charts and develop individual plans to meet nutritional requirements. Some clinical dietitians will also create or deliver outpatient or public education programs in health and nutrition. Clinical dietitians may provide specialized services in areas of nourishment and diets, tube feedings (called enteral nutrition), and intravenous feedings (called parenteral nutrition) such as total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). They work as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2554612", "score": "1.0745987", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Intestine transplantation", "text": "as necrotizing enterocolitis or volvulus, may be adequately resolved by other surgical and nonsurgical treatments, especially if SBS never develops. An individual can obtain nutrients intravenously through PN, bypassing food consumption entirely and its subsequent digestion. Long-term survival with SBS and without PN is possible with enteral nutrition, but this is inadequate for many patients as it depends on the remaining intestine's ability to adapt and increase its absorptive capacity. Although more complicated and expensive to perform, any person may receive PN. Although PN can meet all energy, fluid, and nutrient needs and can be performed at home, quality of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18695064", "score": "1.0431868", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "only be administered by a team of highly skilled doctors who can accurately assess the fetus’ needs. Solutions for total parenteral nutrition may be customized to individual patient requirements, or standardized solutions may be used. The use of standardized parenteral nutrition solutions is cost effective and may provide better control of serum electrolytes. Ideally each patient is assessed individually before commencing on parenteral nutrition, and a team consisting of specialised doctors, nurses, clinical pharmacists and registered dietitians evaluate the patient's individual data and decide what PN formula to use and at what infusion rate. For energy only, intravenous sugar solutions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903072", "score": "1.0178597", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Acute pancreatitis", "text": "The incidence of relapse after oral refeeding may be reduced by post-pyloric enteral rather than parenteral feeding prior to oral refeeding. IMRIE scoring is also useful. Recently, there has been a shift in the management paradigm from TPN (total parenteral nutrition) to early, post-pyloric enteral feeding (in which a feeding tube is endoscopically or radiographically introduced to the third portion of the duodenum). The advantage of enteral feeding is that it is more physiological, prevents gut mucosal atrophy, and is free from the side effects of TPN (such as fungemia). The additional advantages of post-pyloric feeding are the inverse relationship", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3843953", "score": "1.01647", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "levels, elevated prothrombin time (if associated with liver injury), hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and decreased gastrointestinal motility. TPN requires a chronic IV access for the solution to run through, and the most common complication is infection of this catheter. Infection is a common cause of death in these patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 15% per infection, and death usually results from septic shock. When using central venous access, the subclavian (or axillary) vein is preferred due to its ease of access and lowest infectious complications compared to the jugular and femoral vein insertions. Chronic IV access leaves a foreign", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903064", "score": "1.0060933", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Medical nutrition therapy", "text": "Medical nutrition therapy Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a therapeutic approach to treating medical conditions and their associated symptoms via the use of a specifically tailored diet devised and monitored by a medical doctor physician or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN). The diet is based upon the patient's medical record, physical examination, functional examination and dietary history. The role of MNT when administered by a physician or dietitian nutritionist (RDN) is to reduce the risk of developing complications in pre-existing conditions such as type 2 diabetes as well as ameliorate the effects any existing conditions such as high cholesterol. Many medical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14172475", "score": "0.9880686", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Paul Saltman", "text": "as iron, copper, zinc and manganese. His approach to nutrition made the point that it is an exact science, and can be accurately measured and tested. He often clearly differentiated between the concept of eating food, about which he noted: \"food is not in itself a science, it is a sensual experience required for survival\", and nutrition. Nutritional requirements, he maintained, could in theory be provided with total parenteral nutrition. \"With TPN feeding all of the nutrients that a human being needs, from the time of infancy to the latter years, one can be maintained alive and well and growing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17145990", "score": "0.97924554", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "not a danger if the potassium is mixed in TPN solution and diluted. Vitamins may be added to a bulk premixed nutrient immediately before administration, since the additional vitamins can promote spoilage of stored product. Vitamins can be added in two doses, one fat-soluble, the other water-soluble. There are also single-dose preparations with both fat- and water-soluble vitamins such as \"Cernevit\". Minerals and trace elements for parenteral nutrition are available in prepared mixtures, such as \"Addaven\". Only a limited number of emulsifiers are commonly regarded as safe to use for parenteral administration, of which the most important is lecithin. Lecithin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903075", "score": "0.96540314", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "text": "the gallbladder. Other potential hepatobiliary dysfunctions include steatosis, steatohepatitis, cholestasis, and cholelithiasis. Six percent of patients on TPN longer than 3 weeks and 100% of patients on TPN longer than 13 weeks develop biliary sludge. The formation of sludge is the result of stasis due to lack of enteric stimulation and is not due to changes in bile composition. Gallbladder sludge disappears after 4 weeks of normal oral diet. Administration of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) or stimulation of endogenous CCK by periodic pulse of large amounts of amino acids have been shown to help prevent sludge formation. These therapies are not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1903068", "score": "0.95330256", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Intestine transplantation", "text": "older longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) technique. Although both procedures contribute to an approximate 70% increase in length, STEP appears somewhat more favorable in terms of lower mortality and progression to transplant. Nevertheless, a positive reception to either procedure may reduce the level of PN required, if not negate its required use altogether. There are four Medicare and Medicaid-approved indications for intestine transplantation: a loss of two of the six major routes of venous access, multiple episodes of catheter-associated life-threatening sepsis, fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in the face of maximal medical therapy, and PN-associated liver disease. Transplants may also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18695066", "score": "0.95192766", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Short bowel syndrome", "text": "therapy that reduces the frequency and volume of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), comprising: NutreStore (oral solution of glutamine) and Zorbtive (growth hormone, of recombinant DNA origin, for injection) together with a specialized oral diet. In 2012, an advisory panel to the USFDA voted unanimously to approve for treatment of SBS the agent teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog developed by NPS Pharmaceuticals, who intend to market the agent in the United States under the brandname Gattex. Teduglutide had been previously approved for use in Europe and is marketed under the brand Revestive by Nycomed. Surgical procedures to lengthen dilated bowel include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4239321", "score": "0.950833", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Management of Crohn's disease", "text": "A low residue diet may be used to reduce the volume of stools excreted daily. People with lactose intolerance due to small bowel disease may benefit from avoiding lactose-containing foods. Patients who cannot eat may be given total parenteral nutrition (TPN), a source of vitamins and nutrients. Fish oil has been found to be effective in reducing the chance of relapse in less severe cases. Because the terminal ileum is the most common site of involvement and is the site for vitamin B absorption, people with Crohn's disease are at risk for B deficiency and may need supplementation. In cases", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8398682", "score": "0.9487901", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Intestine transplantation", "text": "life can be significantly decreased. On average, PN takes 10 to 16 hours to administer but can take up to 24. Over this time frame, daily life can be significantly hindered as a consequence of attachment to the IV pump. Over long periods of time, PN can lead to numerous health conditions, including severe dehydration, catheter-related infections, and liver disease. PN-associated liver disease strikes up to 50% of patients within 5–7 years, correlated with a mortality rate of 2–50%. Another alternative treatment to transplant for patients with SBS is surgical bowel lengthening via either serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) or the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18695065", "score": "0.94788706", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Medical nutrition therapy", "text": "conditions either develop or are made worse by an improper or unhealthy diet. An example is the use of macronutrient preload in type 2 diabetes. \"Medical nutrition therapy\" (MNT) is the use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition. It was introduced in 1994 by the American Dietetic Association to better articulate the nutrition therapy process. It involves the assessment of the nutritional status of the client and the actual treatment, which includes nutrition therapy, counseling, and the use of specialized nutrition supplements. Registered dietitians started using MNT as a dietary intervention for preventing or treating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14172476", "score": "0.9398952", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Parenteral nutrition", "long_answer": "TPN may be the only feasible option for providing nutrition to patients who do not have a functioning gastrointestinal tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest, including bowel obstruction, short bowel syndrome, gastroschisis, prolonged diarrhea regardless of its cause, high-output fistula, very severe Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain pediatric GI disorders including congenital GI anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis.", "chunked_long_answer": "TPN may be the only feasible option for providing nutrition to patients who do not have a functioning gastrointestinal tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest, including bowel obstruction, short bowel syndrome, gastroschisis, prolonged diarrhea regardless of its cause, high-output fistula, very severe Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain pediatric GI disorders including congenital GI anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis.", "short_answers": [ "bowel obstruction", "gastroschisis", "high-output fistula", "prolonged diarrhea", "short bowel syndrome", "ulcerative colitis", "very severe Crohn's disease" ] }

[ "Berlin School of experimental psychology", "experimental psychology" ]

[ { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (German: Gestalt [ɡəˈʃtalt] \"shape, form\") is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies. The assumed physiological mechanisms on which Gestalt theory rests are poorly defined and support for their existence is lacking. The Gestalt theory of perception has been criticized as being descriptive of the end products of perception without providing much", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Learning theory (education)", "text": "theories grew out of Gestalt psychology. Gestalt psychology was developed in Germany in the early 1900s by Wolfgang Kohler and was brought to America in the 1920s. The German word \"Gestalt\" is roughly equivalent to the English \"configuration\" or \"organization\" and emphasizes the whole of human experience. Over the years, the Gestalt psychologists provided demonstrations and described principles to explain the way we organize our sensations into perceptions. Matt Wertheimer, one of the founding fathers of Gestalt Theory, observed that sometimes we interpret motion when there is no motion at all. For example: a powered sign used at a convenience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "240553", "score": "1.2241536", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Holism", "text": "without credit) by later perceptual psychologists. Gestalt psychology had influence on Fritz Perls' gestalt therapy, although some old-line gestaltists opposed the association with counter-cultural and New Age trends later associated with gestalt therapy. Gestalt theory was also influential on phenomenology. Aron Gurwitsch wrote on the role of the field of consciousness in gestalt theory in relation to phenomenology. Maurice Merleau-Ponty made much use of holistic psychologists such as work of Kurt Goldstein in his \"Phenomenology of Perception\". Alfred Adler believed that the individual (an integrated whole expressed through a self-consistent unity of thinking, feeling, and action, moving toward an unconscious,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1654742", "score": "1.2205341", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "the background. These laws took several forms, such as the grouping of similar, or proximate, objects together, within this global process. Although gestalt has been criticized for being merely descriptive, it has formed the basis of much further research into the perception of patterns and objects (Carlson et al. 2000), and of research into behavior, thinking, problem solving and psychopathology. The founders of Gestalt therapy, Fritz and Laura Perls, had worked with Kurt Goldstein, a neurologist who had applied principles of Gestalt psychology to the functioning of the organism. Laura Perls had been a Gestalt psychologist before she became a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789112", "score": "1.2192016", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Psychology", "text": "the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes. Rather than breaking down thoughts and behavior into smaller elements, as in structuralism, the Gestaltists maintained that whole of experience is important, and differs from the sum of its parts. Other 19th-century contributors to the field include the German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneer in the experimental study of memory, who developed quantitative models of learning and forgetting at the University of Berlin, and the Russian-Soviet physiologist Ivan Pavlov, who discovered in dogs a learning process that was later termed \"classical conditioning\" and applied to human beings. One of the earliest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "307353", "score": "1.2157086", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Holism in science", "text": "by later perceptual psychologists. Gestalt psychology had influence on Fritz Perls' gestalt therapy, although some old-line gestaltists opposed the association with counter-cultural and New Age trends later associated with gestalt therapy. Gestalt theory was also influential on phenomenology. Aron Gurwitsch wrote on the role of the field of consciousness in gestalt theory in relation to phenomenology. Maurice Merleau-Ponty made much use of holistic psychologists such as work of Kurt Goldstein in his \"Phenomenology of Perception.\" Alfred Adler believed that the individual (an integrated whole expressed through a self-consistent unity of thinking, feeling, and action, moving toward an unconscious, fictional final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4307769", "score": "1.215274", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "sought to understand the \"organization\" of cognitive processes (Carlson and Heth, 2010). Our brain is capable of generating whole forms, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of global figures instead of just collections of simpler and unrelated elements (points, lines, curves, etc.). In psychology, gestaltism is often opposed to structuralism. Gestalt theory, it is proposed, allows for the deconstruction of the whole situation into its elements. The concept of gestalt was first introduced in philosophy and psychology in 1890 by Christian von Ehrenfels (a member of the School of Brentano). The idea of gestalt has its roots in theories", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789109", "score": "1.2041117", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Max Wertheimer", "text": "prevents real understanding of the problems. He believes that this blind obedience forestalls a person from uncovering the solution. Max Wertheimer's ideas of productive thinking are of continuing relevance in modern ideas of schemas, plans, and knowledge structures today. Gestalt, in the closest English definition of the term, is translated potentially as configuration, form, holistic, structure, and pattern. According to Gestalt psychology, perception is a whole. In this sense, perception can shape vision and the other senses. Wertheimer's work on gestalt psychology with his colleagues at The New School was seen as an opposition and alternative to the behavioral approach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1980538", "score": "1.199343", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Mary Henle", "text": "1986 anthology \"1879 And All That. Essays in the Theory and History of Psychology\". This anthology contains some of her most incisive essays on key issues of Gestalt theory, the concepts, assumptions and terms used in psychology to scrutinize more carefully on their intellectual historical background and its actual meaning. In the field of psychotherapy theory one of her papers dealt in depth with the late work of Fritz Perls, founder of Gestalt therapy, \"Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy\" (1975). Henle critizises in this essay (article version of a lecture before the American Psychological Association) the incorrect equating of Gestalt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19297162", "score": "1.1877761", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Gestalt therapy", "text": "movement toward personal growth and the human potential movement in California fed into, and was itself influenced by, Gestalt therapy. In this process Gestalt therapy somehow became a \"coherent Gestalt\", which is the Gestalt psychology term for a perceptual unit that holds together and forms a unified whole. Fritz Perls trained as a neurologist at major medical institutions and as a Freudian psychoanalyst in Berlin and Vienna, the most important international centers of the discipline in his day. He worked as a training analyst for several years with the official recognition of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), and must be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2649247", "score": "1.176546", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of psychology", "text": "their influence, unattributed, to his philosophy of science. Whereas the Würzburgers debated with Wundt mainly on matters of method, another German movement, centered in Berlin, took issue with the widespread assumption that the aim of psychology should be to break consciousness down into putative basic elements. Instead, they argued that the psychological \"whole\" has priority and that the \"parts\" are defined by the structure of the whole, rather than vice versa. Thus, the school was named \"Gestalt\", a German term meaning approximately \"form\" or \"configuration.\" It was led by Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967), and Kurt Koffka (1886–1941). Wertheimer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4689331", "score": "1.1732332", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Visual communication", "text": "the stage for what would make him one of the most intellectual people to have ever explored visual communication. His work includes important novels on the dehumanizing aspects of scientific progress, most famously \"Brave New World\" and \"The Art of Seeing\". He described \"seeing\" as being the sum of sensing, selecting, and perceiving. One of his most famous quotes is \"The more you see, the more you know.\" Max Wertheimer is said to be the father of Gestalt psychology. Gestalt means \"form\" or \"shape\" in German, and the study of Gestalt psychology show emphasis in simplicity, as its properties group", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3162869", "score": "1.1729288", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "gestalt theory's influence on the study of visual perception: Gestalt psychologists find it is important to think of problems as a whole. Max Wertheimer considered thinking to happen in two ways: productive and reproductive. Productive thinking is solving a problem with insight. This is a quick insightful unplanned response to situations and environmental interaction. Reproductive thinking is solving a problem with previous experiences and what is already known. (1945/1959). This is a very common thinking. For example, when a person is given several segments of information, he/she deliberately examines the relationships among its parts, analyzes their purpose, concept, and totality,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789124", "score": "1.1676702", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "he/she reaches the \"aha!\" moment, using what is already known. Understanding in this case happens intentionally by reproductive thinking. Another gestalt psychologist, Perkins, believes insight deals with three processes: Views going against the gestalt psychology are: Gestalt psychology should not be confused with the gestalt therapy of Fritz Perls, which is only peripherally linked to gestalt psychology. A strictly gestalt psychology-based therapeutic method is Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy, developed by the German gestalt psychologist and psychotherapist Hans-Jürgen Walter and his colleagues in Germany, Austria (Gerhard Stemberger and colleagues) and Switzerland. Other countries, especially Italy, have seen similar developments. Fuzzy-trace theory, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789125", "score": "1.1671762", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Gestalt therapy", "text": "influences upon the lives of its founders during the times in which they lived, including: the new physics, Eastern religion, existential phenomenology, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, experimental theatre, as well as systems theory and field theory. Gestalt therapy rose from its beginnings in the middle of the 20th century to rapid and widespread popularity during the decade of the 1960s and early 1970s. During the '70s and '80s Gestalt therapy training centers spread globally; but they were, for the most part, not aligned with formal academic settings. As the cognitive revolution eclipsed Gestalt theory in psychology, many came to believe Gestalt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2649204", "score": "1.1649829", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "Gestalt Theory (Smith, ed., 1988). Early 20th century theorists, such as Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, and Wolfgang Köhler (students of Carl Stumpf) saw objects as perceived within an environment according to all of their elements taken together as a global construct. This 'gestalt' or 'whole form' approach sought to define principles of perception—seemingly innate mental laws that determined the way objects were perceived. It is based on the here and now, and in the way things are seen. Images can be divided into figure or ground. The question is what is perceived at first glance: the figure in front, or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789111", "score": "1.1627096", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "of \"\" (in the German language, \"pithiness\"), which says that we tend to order our experience in a manner that is regular, orderly, symmetrical, and simple. Gestalt psychologists attempt to discover refinements of the law of \"prägnanz\", and this involves writing down laws that, hypothetically, allow us to predict the interpretation of sensation, what are often called \"gestalt laws\". A major aspect of Gestalt psychology is that it implies that the mind understands external stimuli as whole rather than the sum of their parts. The wholes are structured and organized using grouping laws. The various laws are called \"laws\" or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789121", "score": "1.1620984", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "to psychological research. This is in contrast to investigations developed at the beginning of the 20th century, based on traditional scientific methodology, which divided the object of study into a set of elements that could be analyzed separately with the objective of reducing the complexity of this object. The theoretical principles are the following: Based on the principles above the following methodological principles are defined: In the 1940s and 1950s, laboratory research in neurology and what became known as cybernetics on the mechanism of frogs' eyes indicate that perception of 'gestalts' (in particular gestalts \"in motion\") is perhaps more primitive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789116", "score": "1.1615832", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "by David Hume, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Immanuel Kant, David Hartley, and Ernst Mach. Max Wertheimer's unique contribution was to insist that the \"gestalt\" is perceptually primary, defining the parts it was composed from, rather than being a secondary quality that emerges from those parts, as von Ehrenfels's earlier \"Gestalt-Qualität\" had been. Both von Ehrenfels and Edmund Husserl seem to have been inspired by Mach's work \"Beiträge zur Analyse der Empfindungen\" (Contributions to the Analysis of Sensations, 1886), in formulating their very similar concepts of \"gestalt\" and \"figural moment\", respectively. On the philosophical foundations of these ideas see Foundations of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789110", "score": "1.1546509", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Wolfgang Metzger", "text": "of which he was honorary chairman. Wolfgang Metzger Wolfgang Metzger (born July 22, 1899 in Heidelberg, Germany; died December 20, 1979 in Bebenhausen, Germany) is considered one of the main representatives of Gestalt psychology (Gestalt theory) in Germany. Metzger's most widely acclaimed work is \"Psychologie: Die Entwicklung ihrer Grundannahmen seit der Einführung des Experiments\" (Psychology: The development of basic principles since the introduction of the experimental method). It portrays systematically the foundations of psychology, including the different kinds of psychological reality, the problems associated with reference systems, order, and much more. Pivotal in its discussions is the cumulative knowledge, at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2671783", "score": "1.1531976", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Gestalt therapy", "text": "field perspective and the various organismic and field theories that proliferated in neuroscience, medicine, and physics in the early and mid-20th century. Within social science there is a consilience between gestalt field theory and systems or ecological psychotherapy; between the concept of dialogical relationship and object relations, attachment theory, client-centered therapy and the transference-oriented approaches; between the existential, phenomenological, and hermeneutical aspects of gestalt therapy and the constructivist aspects of cognitive therapy; and between gestalt therapy's commitment to awareness and the natural processes of healing and mindfulness, acceptance and Buddhist techniques adopted by cognitive behavioral therapy.\" The theoretical foundations of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2649209", "score": "1.1507665", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy", "text": "Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy is a method of psychotherapy based strictly on Gestalt psychology. Its origins go back to the 1920s when Gestalt psychology founder Max Wertheimer, Kurt Lewin and their colleagues and students started to apply the holistic and systems theoretical Gestalt psychology concepts in the field of psychopathology and clinical psychology Many developments in psychotherapy in the following decades drew from these early beginnings, like e.g. group psychoanalysis (S. Foulkes), Gestalt therapy (Laura Perls, Fritz Perls, Goodman, and others), or Katathym-imaginative Psychotherapy (Hanscarl Leuner). In Europe Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy in its own right has been initiated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2578519", "score": "1.1469449", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Kurt Koffka", "text": "psychology. He is known today as the chief spokesperson of Gestalt psychology. In 1913, Koffka began editing a series of publications entitled \"Beiträge zur Psychologie der Gestalt\" (\"Contributions to the Psychology of the Gestalt\"). American psychologists were exposed to Gestalt psychology in 1922 in his article entitled: \"Perception: An Introduction to the Gestalt-Theorie\", which appeared in the Psychological Bulletin. One of Koffka’s major contributions was \"The Growth of the Mind\" in 1921. Koffka wanted to provide some sort of evidence supporting Gestalt psychology to the field of developmental psychology. This book was later translated into English in 1928. Fourteen years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1980572", "score": "1.1462656", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "to only three of Perls' books from 1969 and 1972, leaving out Perls' earlier work, and Gestalt therapy in general as a psychotherapy method. There have been clinical applications of Gestalt psychology in the psychotherapeutic field long before Perls'ian Gestalt therapy, in group psychoanalysis (Foulkes), Adlerian individual psychology, by Gestalt psychologists in psychotherapy like Erwin Levy, Abraham S. Luchins, by Gestalt psychologically oriented psychoanalysts in Italy (Canestrari and others), and there have been newer developments foremost in Europe, e.g. Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy. The school of gestalt practiced a series of theoretical and methodological principles that attempted to redefine the approach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789115", "score": "1.1435963", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Christian von Ehrenfels", "text": "promoted under supervision of Meinong, following him after his move to the Karl-Franzens-Universität (Graz), in 1885 on the topic of \"Größenrelationen und Zahlen. Eine psychologische Studie\" (\"Relations of magnitude and numbers. A psychological study\"). He obtained his habilitiation in 1888 in Vienna with the work \"Über Fühlen und Wollen\" (\"On feeling and willing\"). From 1896 to 1929 he was professor of philosophy at the German university of Prague. Interested in his lectures were among others Max Brod, Franz Kafka and Felix Weltsch. The idea of \"Gestalt\" has its roots in theories by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Ernst Mach. Max", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3536837", "score": "1.1378288", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Gestalt psychology", "text": "psychology. Mary Henle noted in her presidential address to Division 24 at the meeting of the American Psychological Association (1975): \"What Perls has done has been to take a few terms from Gestalt psychology, stretch their meaning beyond recognition, mix them with notions—often unclear and often incompatible—from the depth psychologies, existentialism, and common sense, and he has called the whole mixture gestalt therapy. His work has no substantive relation to scientific Gestalt psychology. To use his own language, Fritz Perls has done 'his thing'; whatever it is, it is \"not\" Gestalt psychology\" With her analysis however, she restricts herself explicitly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "789114", "score": "1.13704", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy", "text": "differences between Gestalt theory in its original sense and the Perls'ian understanding of Gestalt. With her analysis however, she restricts herself explicitly to only three of Perls' books from 1969 and 1972, leaving out Perls' earlier work, and Gestalt therapy in general as a psychotherapy method. It must also be mentioned that Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy adopts techniques from Gestalt therapy as Walter points out. Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy is a method of psychotherapy based strictly on Gestalt psychology. Its origins go back to the 1920s when Gestalt psychology founder Max Wertheimer, Kurt Lewin and their colleagues and students", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2578525", "score": "1.1367598", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Gestalt therapy", "text": "Gestalt theory and practice. Both Fritz and Laura Perls were students and admirers of the neuropsychiatrist Kurt Goldstein. Gestalt therapy was based in part on Goldstein's concept called \"Organismic theory\". Goldstein viewed a person in terms of a holistic and unified experience; he encouraged a \"big picture\" perspective, taking into account the whole context of a person's experience. The word \"Gestalt\" means whole, or configuration. Laura Perls, in an interview, denotes the Organismic theory as the base of Gestalt therapy. There were additional influences on Gestalt therapy from existentialism, particularly the emphasis upon personal choice and responsibility. The late 1950s–1960s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2649246", "score": "1.1365979", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Hans-Jürgen Walter", "text": "der Gegenwart\" (\"The Gestalt theory as a scientific base for psychotherapy practice and its relation to contemporary approaches in psychotherapy\"). This thesis – held in high regard by Wolfgang Metzger - shows that Gestalt theory is an appropriate framework to integrate the methods and merits of many other psychotherapeutic schools, especially the analytic and the humanistic ones. This work has appeared in 1994 in its third and enlarged edition under the title \"Gestalt Theorie und Psychotherapy. Zur integrativen Anwendung zeitgenoessischer Therapieformen\" (\"Gestalt Theory and Psychotherapy: an integrative approach to contemporary forms of psychotherapy\"). It is considered the basic text for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2583481", "score": "1.1356959", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Oswald Külpe", "text": "and Henry Watt, both of whom worked on the concept of mental set; Robert Morris Ogden, who played a major role in introducing Gestalt psychology to the United States; and Kurt Koffka, one of the founders of the Gestalt school. Distinct from the view of Wundt, the Würzburg school developed an innovational, holistic view, where the focus was on studying both act and content. This research established a strong foundation for the Gestalt psychologists who were to come. This research was not the only notable contributions to psychology made by the Würzburg school. The emphasis on motivation, and the role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6280915", "score": "1.134846", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Gestalt psychology", "long_answer": "Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (German: Gestalt [ɡəˈʃtalt] \"shape, form\") is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies. The assumed physiological mechanisms on which Gestalt theory rests are poorly defined and support for their existence is lacking. The Gestalt theory of perception has been criticized as being descriptive of the end products of perception without providing much insight into the processes that lead to perception. In the introduction to a 2016 special issue of the journal Vision Research on Gestalt perception, the authors concluded that \"even though they study the same phenomena as earlier Gestaltists, there is little theoretical coherence. What happened to the Gestalt school that always aspired to provide a unified vision of psychology? Perhaps there is, in fact, little that holds the classic phenomena of Gestalt psychology together.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (German: Gestalt [ɡəˈʃtalt] \"shape, form\") is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies. The assumed physiological mechanisms on which Gestalt theory rests are poorly defined and support for their existence is lacking. The Gestalt theory of perception has been criticized as being descriptive of the end products of perception without providing much", "short_answers": [ "Berlin School of experimental psychology", "experimental psychology" ] }

[ "in the Royal Navy" ]

[ { "title": "Long John Silver", "text": "is a cunning and opportunistic pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under \"the immortal Hawke\". \"His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder, he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham—plain and", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Adventures of Long John Silver", "text": "Children's TV Club. It was also shown on commercial regional TV in the mid to late 70s in Australia. In 1985 the series was repeated in the United Kingdom in a Saturday afternoon slot on ITV. For much of its international audience, the series aired after the death of its star, Robert Newton, who had died of a heart attack in Hollywood in March 1956. The Adventures of Long John Silver The Adventures of Long John Silver is a TV series about the Long John Silver character from \"Treasure Island\". It was made in 1954 in colour in Australia for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11491297", "score": "1.2623338", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Long John Silver (film)", "text": "Long John Silver (film) Long John Silver, also known as Long John Silver's Return to Treasure Island, is a 1954 American-Australian Adventure film about the eponymous pirate from \"Treasure Island\", starring Robert Newton as Silver and Rod Taylor as Israel Hands. It was shot in CinemaScope and colour at the Pagewood Studios, Sydney, and the same company went on to make a 26 episode TV series with the same actors, called \"The Adventures of Long John Silver\". The director, Byron Haskin, had directed \"Treasure Island\" in 1950, with Newton as Silver. \"Long John Silver\" should not be confused with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11491374", "score": "1.261877", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Adventures of Long John Silver", "text": "The Adventures of Long John Silver The Adventures of Long John Silver is a TV series about the Long John Silver character from \"Treasure Island\". It was made in 1954 in colour in Australia for the American and British markets before the development of Australian television. Newton and several of the other actors had the same roles as in the 1954 film \"Long John Silver\", also shot in Australia. The series was shown in the United States from 1956, and in the UK on ITV in 1957. It was shown in Australia on the ABC in 1958, in the afternoon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11491296", "score": "1.2528077", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Treasure Island", "text": "a deceased pirate, Captain Flint buried his treasure. Squire Trelawney proposes buying a ship and going after the treasure, taking Livesey as ship's doctor and Jim as cabin boy. Several weeks later, the Squire introduces Jim and Dr. Livesy to \"Long John\" Silver, a one-legged Bristol tavern-keeper whom he has hired as ship's cook. (Silver enhances his \"outre\" attributes—crutch, pirate argot, etc.—with a talking parrot.) They also meet Captain Smollett, who tells them that he dislikes most of the crew on the voyage, which it seems everyone in Bristol knows is a search for treasure. After taking a few precautions,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447786", "score": "1.2169557", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Long John Silver (film)", "text": "films in Australia including \"Come Away, Pearler\", from the novel by Colin Simpson. That did not happen. Long John Silver (film) Long John Silver, also known as Long John Silver's Return to Treasure Island, is a 1954 American-Australian Adventure film about the eponymous pirate from \"Treasure Island\", starring Robert Newton as Silver and Rod Taylor as Israel Hands. It was shot in CinemaScope and colour at the Pagewood Studios, Sydney, and the same company went on to make a 26 episode TV series with the same actors, called \"The Adventures of Long John Silver\". The director, Byron Haskin, had directed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11491385", "score": "1.2097392", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1950 film)", "text": "doctor to tend his wound, but the man asleep under Livesey's coat is Long John Silver. Jim faints on the spot. Silver finds the map on him as his men wake up. Merry wants Jim dead, but Silver states he wants to trade him for the map, which his men believe is with Smollett. The men go outside to vote, pirate-style. From the stockade's lookout, while calling for Livesey, Silver sees that the ship's aground, flying the Union Jack, and believes that Smollett's party has recaptured the ship. The other pirates give Silver the black spot, but he refuses to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8410672", "score": "1.206889", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1999 film)", "text": "Treasure Island (1999 film) Treasure Island is a 1999 film adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's novel. It was written and directed by Peter Rowe and stars Kevin Zegers as Jim Hawkins and Jack Palance as Long John Silver. The narrative diverges from that of the novel in that Captain Smollett convinces Squire Trelawney and Doctor Livesey to cut Jim, a 13-year old boy, out of his rightful share of the treasure in 1759. and so Jim then teams up with Silver. Smollett, Trelawney and Livesey are killed, and Jim, Silver and Ben Gunn escape with the treasure. The film was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12263147", "score": "1.2047786", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Long John Silver (film)", "text": "1954 American film, \"Return to Treasure Island\", starring Tab Hunter and Dawn Addams. The movie is set some time after the events of \"Treasure Island\". Long John Silver receives grave news from Dod Perch of a massacre by Mendoza, who had also kidnapped Governor Strong's daughter Elizabeth for ransom along with Jim Hawkins. Long John also learns of a second treasure cache on Treasure Island; the only clue to its location is a pirate medallion. Long John visits Governor Strong and his wife and proposes to deliver the ransom before they pursue Mendoza. During the pickup of the ransom, Long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11491375", "score": "1.2000707", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1920 film)", "text": "Trelawney, who manage to hold the pirates at bay until they arrive at the island and take refuge in a shelter with Jim and the loyal crew members. A battle with the pirates results in the map being turned over to Silver and his gang, but the pirates are eventually routed, and Jim and the others find Flint's treasure through the services of Ben Gunn, a pirate who had been stranded on the island. In September 1919, announcements of the upcoming film in movie journals stated that Jack Holt would play Long John Silver and that Wallace Beery would play", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12146456", "score": "1.1812158", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1972 live-action film)", "text": "drink and dies, Jim gets his hands on a map which shows the whereabouts of pirate Captain Flint's treasure. Immediately taking action, he then enlists the help of Squire Trelawney (Walter Slezak) and Dr. Livesey (Angel DelPozo) to join him as he locates the island on the map. Together, they join a ship commanded by Captain Smollett (Rik Battaglia) that will lead them to their destination. Word of the treasure map gets around and most of the crew are recruited with the help of the ship's cook, Long John Silver (Orson Welles), an ex-pirate who had sailed with Captain Flint", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7836238", "score": "1.1772072", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1950 film)", "text": "departure Trelawney is taken in by Long John Silver, a one-legged inn-keeper, who agrees to gather a crew. Silver strikes up a friendship with Jim and joins the expedition as the ship's cook. Smollett is concerned about the crew, especially when he reveals to Trelawney that the nature of their journey is common knowledge. At sea, Jim overhears Silver and the crew's plan to mutiny, discovering that the seamen hired by Silver are Captain Flint's old crew. Jim reveals the treachery to Smollett who asks Jim to stay friends with Silver to learn more. Upon reaching Treasure Island, Silver offers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8410668", "score": "1.1715937", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Return to Treasure Island (TV series)", "text": "Trelawney by selling molasses on the black market. They also discover that he is in league with the Governor to steal the map of Treasure Island and claim the treasure that is left there. Many adventures follow which culminate in everybody converging on Treasure Island for a final battle. The final close-ups of Long John Silver rowing away from Jim Hawkins' ship and revealing that he had stolen all the diamonds from the treasure casket (inside a secret compartment of his crutch) were filmed on the roof of HTV's Pontcanna Studio (since demolished) in Cardiff. The tall ship \"Kaskelot\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9435358", "score": "1.1685737", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1950 film)", "text": "actor to have much of a shot at Jim.\" The film returned rentals to RKO from its initial release of $4,100,000 with $2,100,000 being generated in the U.S. and Canada. The film was the sixth most popular movie at the British box office in 1950. In 1954, Newton reprised his role of Long John Silver in a non-Disney sequel also directed by Haskin, \"Long John Silver\" (this, incidentally, was the first CinemaScope film to be shot in Australia), and went on to play Silver again in a television series, \"The Adventures of Long John Silver\" (made 1954–55), also shot at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8410678", "score": "1.1638055", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Treasure Island", "text": "however, they set sail on Trelawney's schooner, the \"Hispaniola\", for the distant island. During the voyage, the first mate, a drunkard, disappears overboard. And just before the island is sighted, Jim—concealed in an apple barrel—overhears Silver talking with two other crewmen. Most of them are former \"gentlemen o'fortune\" (as Long John Silver refers to pirates) from Flint's crew and have planned a mutiny. Jim alerts the captain, doctor, and squire, and they calculate that they will be seven to 19 against the mutineers and must pretend not to suspect anything until the treasure is found when they can surprise their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447787", "score": "1.1623595", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1972 live-action film)", "text": "brought in to make the film again by producer Harry Alan Towers who had worked with Welles in radio. Welles still wanted to direct but Towers said he could not get a completion guarantee if that was the case so John Hough was brought in to do the job. Welles starred as Long John Silver and it was shot in Spain with a Spanish crew. Kim Burnfield, who played Long John Silver, came from England. Welles said \"A lot of people wanted me to do \"Treasure Island\" in Greece. But the colonels have locked up a lot of my friends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7836245", "score": "1.1583607", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jim Hawkins (character)", "text": "a detailed map of an island, with the location of Flint's treasure caches marked on it. Squire Trelawney immediately plans to outfit a sailing vessel to hunt the treasure down, with the help of Dr. Livesey and Jim. When Jim goes to Bristol and visits Long John Silver at the Spy Glass tavern, his suspicions are immediately aroused: Silver is missing a leg, like the man Bones warned him about. But Silver manages to win Jim's trust. Despite Captain Smollett's misgivings about the mission and Silver's hand-picked crew, the \"Hispaniola\" sets sail for the Caribbean Sea. As they near their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12838119", "score": "1.1549611", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Pirates of Treasure Island", "text": "to sail out to Skeleton Island, under the pretence of going to collect specimens of local wildlife. Jim and Livesey recruit Long John Silver, now using the alias of Barbecue, to act as ship's cook, with Long John providing the rest of the ship's crew. As the \"Hispanola\" makes its way to the island, Hawkins unintentionally discovers Long John's true intentions: to steal the map and to hijack the \"Hispaniola\" on behalf of his own band of pirates, whom make up the ship's crew. Long John plans to stage a mutiny upon arriving at Skeleton Island, and to kill the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12906540", "score": "1.1497763", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Long John Silver", "text": "escapes at the end of the novel, he takes \"three or four hundred guineas\" of the treasure with him, thus becoming one of only two former members of Captain Flint's crew to get his hands on a portion of the recovered treasure; a separate cache of bar silver is apparently left on the island. (The repentant maroonee Ben Gunn is the other, but he spends all £1,000 in nineteen days.) Jim's own ambivalence towards Silver is reflected in the last chapter, when he speculates that the old pirate must have settled down in comfortable retirement: \"It is to be hoped", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1551578", "score": "1.1488138", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Treasure Island", "text": "the morning, the doctor arrives to treat the wounded and sick pirates and tells Silver to look out for trouble when they find the site of the treasure. After he leaves, Silver and the others set out with the map, taking Jim along as hostage. They encounter a skeleton, arms apparently oriented toward the treasure, which seriously unnerves the party. Eventually, they find the treasure cache—empty. The pirates are about to charge at Silver and Jim, but shots are fired by Livesey, Gray, and Gunn, from ambush. One pirate is killed and George Merry wounded, but quickly killed by Silver.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447793", "score": "1.1427182", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1950 film)", "text": "acknowledge it. Rattled, they let him bargain with Livesey, who has come to treat Jim's infected wound, for the map. Silver secretly barters with Livesey for leniency in court, inadvertently revealing to him that the ship is no longer under his control. Livesey agrees only when Jim refuses to try and escape with him, since Silver saved his life by calling for Livesey. Livesey leaves, and Silver returns with Jim, flaunting the map to convince his men that his bargain was successful. The pirates are overjoyed and take back the black spot, then proceed on a grueling treasure hunt. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8410673", "score": "1.1422328", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1934 film)", "text": "and when they find it, it is empty. When some of the pirates mutiny against Silver, Livesey (Otto Kruger) and Gunn (Charles \"Chic\" Sale) join him in the fight. Smollett then sails home with the treasure, which Gunn had hidden in his cave, and with Silver as his prisoner. Unable to stand by and let his friend be hanged, Jim frees Silver. As he sails away, Silver promises to hunt treasure with Jim again some day, as Honest John Silver. Wallace Beery had originally been cast as Israel Hands in director Maurice Tourneur's silent production of \"Treasure Island\" for Paramount", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7997153", "score": "1.1409991", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1985 film)", "text": "is now a new Captain, who is French (Yves Afonso). The group includes the doctor, the millionaire, Silver and other familiar faces. There are two groups, Silver’s and the French Captain’s. Jon is continually pestered by Silver to come to his side. Jon refuses and stays with the French Captain. He then overhears Silver saying that all of the other crew must go. The captain and his crew abandon ship in a rowboat. The group eventually makes it to another boat where there is yet another captain (Pedro Armendáriz Jr.). And on the ship already is Silver and his crew", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13679357", "score": "1.1400846", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1990 film)", "text": "novel\". However, Tom Shales of \"The Washington Post\" wrote of the film: \"The mast ain't all that's mizzen in a dreary and confused new production of Treasure Island...miscasting and embarrassingly poor performance of Charlton Heston as Long John Silver, a laborious mistake from arrival (in the second half hour) to departure. That Heston is one of the most humorless hulks who ever stood before a camera helps not a bit...\" (Tom Shales, The Washington Post, January 22, 1990, STYLE; PAGE B8) The film was released on VHS and Laserdisc, which were both out of print for many years. Eventually, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9459233", "score": "1.1328642", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1990 film)", "text": "used as the fictional Hispaniola on film. It was originally constructed for the film \"Mutiny on The Bounty\", and was set to be destroyed at the end of the film but Marlon Brando protested and the ship was kept intact. It sank off the coast of the Carolinas during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. According to Allmovie, Charlton Heston \"plays the character of Long John Silver as written: a cold, crafty, cunning rogue, by turns charming and deadly, but never to be underestimated\" and, unlike other filmed versions of the story, the movie \"adheres with utter fidelity to the Stevenson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9459232", "score": "1.131902", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1918 film)", "text": "Silver (Radcliffe), their first mate, is a crook and with some of the men plan to rob Jim and Louise of the treasure. After a fight on the island and the killing off of Long John Silver's men, Long John Silver joins Jim and his gang and through Ben Gunn (Sargent) they find the treasure. Just as Jim is about to distribute it, he wakes up. Treasure Island (1918 film) Treasure Island is a 1918 American silent adventure film based on the novel of the same name by Robert Louis Stevenson. This is one of many silent versions of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16533095", "score": "1.1317043", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Treasure Island (1934 film)", "text": "(Wallace Beery) and his cronies. Even though Bones had warned Jim about a sailor with one leg, they become friends. During the voyage, several fatal \"accidents\" happen to sailors who disapprove of Silver and his cohorts. Then, the night before landing on the island, Jim overhears Silver plotting to take the treasure and kill Smollett's men. Jim goes ashore with the men, and encounters an old hermit named Ben Gunn (Chic Sale), who tells him that he has found Flint's treasure. Meanwhile, Smollett (Lewis Stone) and his loyal men flee to Flint's stockade on the island for safety. Silver's men", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7997151", "score": "1.1275543", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Return to Treasure Island (TV series)", "text": "Return to Treasure Island (TV series) Return to Treasure Island is a 1986 Disney HTV TV Series, starring Brian Blessed as Long John Silver, Christopher Guard as Jim Hawkins and Kenneth Colley as Ben Gunn. Disney Channel contracted the UK ITV broadcaster HTV Wales, part of Harlech Television Group, to produce the series, and it was shot in Wales, Spain and Jamaica. It was written by John Goldsmith, and directed by Piers Haggard and Alex Kirby. HTV Wales had already produced other Robert Louis Stevenson books for television, namely \"Kidnapped\" in 1979 and \"The Master of Ballantrae\" in 1984 and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9435353", "score": "1.1260835", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Pirates of Treasure Island", "text": "captain, Hawkins and Dr. Livesey so that all of the treasure will belong to the pirates. However, Hawkins is discovered, along with Anne Bonny (Rebekah Kochan), who had followed Jim from the inn, and gives him protection from Long John. On reaching Skeleton Island, the \"Hispanola\" is hijacked by Silver, with Smollette, Livesey and an American government official on the voyage kept prisoner on the ship whilst the others go ashore. With the help of marooned mariner Ben Gunn (Leigh Scott), Jim and Anne Bonney escape, and race to beat Long John and the pirates to the treasure. The Nerd", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12906541", "score": "1.1252341", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Treasure Island", "text": "The other three run away, and Livesey explains that Gunn had already found the treasure and taken it to his cave. In the next few days, they load much of the treasure onto the ship, abandon the three remaining mutineers (with supplies and ammunition) and sail away. At their first port in Spanish America, where they will sign on more crew, Silver steals a bag of money and escapes. The rest sail back to Bristol and divide up the treasure. Jim says there is more left on the island, but he for one will not undertake another voyage to recover", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1447794", "score": "1.1205928", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Long John Silver", "long_answer": "Long John Silver is a cunning and opportunistic pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under \"the immortal Hawke\". \"His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder, he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham—plain and pale, but intelligent and smiling.\" (Treasure Island (1883) by Robert Louis Stevenson page 82). He claims to have been the only man whom Flint ever feared. Like many of Stevenson's characters, there is more than a modicum of duality in the character; ostensibly Silver is a hardworking and likeable seaman, and it is only as the plot unfolds that his villainous nature is gradually revealed. His relationship with Jim Hawkins, the novel's protagonist and narrator, is interesting, as he serves as a mentor and eventually father-figure to Jim, creating much shock and emotion when it is discovered that he is in charge of the mutiny, and especially when Jim must confront and fight him later on. Although willing to change sides at any time to further his own interests, Silver has compensating virtues: he is wise enough to pay attention to money management, in contrast to the spendthrift ways of most of the pirates, and is physically courageous despite his disability; for instance, when Flint's cache is found to be empty, he coolly stands his ground against five active seamen despite having only Jim, a boy in his teens, to back him.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "is a cunning and opportunistic pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under \"the immortal Hawke\". \"His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder, he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham—plain and", "short_answers": [ "in the Royal Navy" ] }