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Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
Introduction
The Ex-monastery of Santiago Apóstol is located in the town of Cuilapan de Guerrero in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The fortress-like complex is easily seen from the highway as one travels south from the capital city of Oaxaca on the road leading to Villa de Zaachila, and it is visited by both Mexican and international tourists. The complex is located on a small hill which gives it a view of much of the valley area. It is one of the most extravagant and elaborate colonial era constructions in Oaxaca, but it is often overlooked in favor of churches and monasteries located in the Mexico City area.
wiki:1001
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
Introduction
Built of green quarried stone and river rocks, it is a quiet place where footsteps can echo in the hallways. The extravagances of the site, including the tall basilica, the elaborate baptismal font, the Gothic cloister and murals remain as national treasures. The decorative work of the monastery, especially its murals, are important because they show a systematic blending of indigenous elements into the Christian framework, done in order to support the evangelization process in the local Mixtec and Zapotec peoples. The single-naved church is used for worship but the roofless basilica and cloister are under the control of INAH, which uses many of the second-floor rooms of the cloister as workshops for restoration projects and runs a small museum with important liturgical items from the 16th century.
wiki:1002
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
History
Construction of the monastery complex began in the 1550s. The Dominicans came to Oaxaca and established themselves in Cuilapan in 1550, taking charge of evangelization efforts in the central valleys region. Official license to build the complex was granted in 1555 by viceroy Luís de Velasco and contained the mandate that the construction be “modest”. Construction began in 1556 with Antonio de Barbosa as designer. The complex is a mixture of several architectural styles that were predominant in Europe in the 16th century and includes Gothic, Renaissance, Plateresque and Mudéjar elements. There are also some indigenous elements to be found in the decorative work.
wiki:1003
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
History
Unlike larger monastic institutions in Mexico City and Puebla, which could have as many as fifty monks, only four friars were stationed there in 1555, Domingo de Aguiñaga, Tomás Hurtado, Vicente Gómez and Antonio Barbosa. They were also in charge of the regular clergy, who probably built their church in the middle of the old Mixtec town. Abuses of the encomienda system, which reduced native population to near slaves, often led to grandiose projects, violating the mandate for modesty, with documents from the 1560s admonishing friars for their exploitation of native workers. Construction of the complex was halted in the 1570s and the precise reason is not known.
wiki:1004
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
History
Possibilities include the lack of funds, or that the complex had become so sumptuous that authorities stopped it. Another very likely reason was a dispute over who should continue paying for the construction. If a monastery was built on encomienda land, then the encomendero (in this case the Cortés family) would pay. If built on Crown lands (such as the city of Antequera) then the Crown was responsible. Disputes over the land led to dispute over who needed to pay for the construction of the monastery. Another possibility was the native population declined from about 43,000 in the 1520s to 7,000 in 1600, leaving no workers.
wiki:1005
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
History
The pause was initially meant to be temporary, but it became permanent. In 1753, the church and monastery was secularized, meaning control passed from the Dominicans to regular priests. At this time, the monastery had a large collection of ecclesiastical ornaments, painted altarpieces, polychrome sculptures and murals. The complex served as the principal site of interaction between the native populations and the Spaniards and was the center of the political, economic, social and religious life of the town, becoming Cuilapan’s identifying feature. However, from this point the wealth and prestige of the institution declined. These secular authorities neglected the maintenance needs of the complex and it deteriorated until it was finally divested of its religious function by the 19th century.
wiki:1006
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
History
Vicente Guerrero was imprisoned in the small rooms of the lower cloister by political opponents and subsequently executed on 14 February 1831.
wiki:1007
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
Structure
The complex is center on a large walled courtyard or atrium, with small stone chapels in the northeastern and northwestern corners. This rather large atrium had a practical as well as symbolic function. The atrium resembled the extensive courtyards (teocallis) of pre-Hispanic temples, and provided space for the 20,000 people that inhabited the area in the 1560s. With only four friars and a small enclosed church, large services in this open area, especially on Sundays and holidays, became the only practical solution The atrium possessed a large atrium cross similar to those found in Acolman, Alzacoalco, Tepoztlán and Pátzcuaro, but only the base now remains.
wiki:1008
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
Structure
The largest structure is a rectangular unroofed basilica with elegant arches decorating its exterior facades. The facade is Plateresque, with three arched entrances topped by a triangular pediment with a crest over that. In the center of the pediment, there is the coat of arms of the Dominican order with a dog to the side, symbolizing Saint Dominic of Guzman. Flanking the facade are two towers with circular bases topped with peaked cones. The interior divides into three naves by heavy columns with Tuscan capitals, which were meant to support a complex Gothic roof. These arcades of stone columns are mirrored by a series of doorless arched entrances on the eastern and western facades of the building.
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Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
Structure
This has led some to classify the building as an “open chapel,” but the purpose of this unusual feature is not truly known. The three nave design is also interesting as this had mostly gone out of fashion in other parts of Mexico in favor of single naved structures. No documents from that time explain why the older design was chosen A plaque located inside has a mixture of Mixtec signs and the date 1555 written in Arabic script One curious aside is a small wall and a large pile of rocks which is located to the side of this basilica.
wiki:1010
Monastery of Santiago Apóstol, Cuilapan de Guerrero
Structure
This is the remnants of the first wall, mixed with rock being prepared to build a house for Hernán Cortés. However, Cortés later abandoned this project.
wiki:1011
Michael C. Frank
Introduction
Michael C. Frank is a developmental psychologist at Stanford University who proposed that infants' language development may be thought of as a process of Bayesian inference. He has also studied the role of language in numerical cognition by comparing the performance of native Pirahã language speakers to that of MIT undergraduate students in numeric tasks. For this work, he traveled to Amazonas, Brazil with Daniel Everett, a linguist best known for his claim that Pirahã disproves a crucial component of Noam Chomsky's theory of universal grammar, recursion. Frank won the Cognitive Science Society's prestigious Marr Award for this work in 2008.
wiki:1012
Rhett Baynes
Introduction
Rhett Clarke Baynes (16 May 1964 – 30 August 1990) was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and the Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1980s. Baynes had started playing senior WAFL football for Perth at the age of just 16. A ruckman and key forward, Baynes represented Western Australia in interstate football before being recruited by Carlton for the 1985 VFL season. Bayes appeared in the first 11 rounds of the 1985 season, performing well in a win over Sydney at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) with 16 disposals.
wiki:1013
Rhett Baynes
Introduction
The following year he won Carlton's reserves 'Best and Fairest' award and twice turned out for the seniors late in the season.
wiki:1014
Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (1978 film)
Introduction
Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre, also known as Chivalrous Killer, is a two-part 1978 Hong Kong film adapted from Louis Cha's novel "The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber".
wiki:1015
Bargerveen Nature Reserve
Introduction
Bargerveen Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Dutch province of Drenthe that has been included in the Natura 2000 ecological network. Since 2006 it is part of the Internationaler Naturpark Bourtanger Moor-Bargerveen ("engl. Bourtanger Moor-Bargerveen International Nature Park"), a nature reserve located on both sides of the border between the Netherlands and Germany. Most of the transboundary nature reserve, some , lies in Germany, in the west of the state of Lower Saxony. The sparsely populated landscape consists of large peat areas, heather, and small lakes. The Dutch part of the nature reserve was founded in 1992 as "Natuurreservaat Bargerveen".
wiki:1016
Bargerveen Nature Reserve
Introduction
It was designated as a Ramsar site (a wetland of international importance) the following year. Bargerveen has a size of . It consists mainly of peat bog.
wiki:1017
Bargerveen Nature Reserve
Bog restoration
Some of the wetland area had become degraded, and, after peat extraction was discontinued, restoration work was needed to improve water retention. The project had the objective of creating active raised bog and was coordinated by Staatsbosbeheer, the government agency that manages the site. The work was supported by the European Union's LIFE programme in the years 2003–2006, but it was noted that the full effects would be seen in the longer term. Bargerveen has been twinned with two Irish Ramsar Sites, Clara Bog and Raheenmore Bog, which were identified as needing active management measures.
wiki:1018
Bargerveen Nature Reserve
Flora and fauna
Bargerveen is a Special Protection Area for bird-life, and is home to large numbers of wintering bean geese. It is also an Important Bird Area: "trigger" species are the spotted crake and the red-backed shrike. It is also a Special Area of Conservation.
wiki:1019
Arzu (name)
Introduction
Arzu is a feminine Turkish given name, it may refer to:
wiki:1020
Kostiantyn Simchuk
Introduction
Kostiantyn Mykolaiovych "Konstantin" Simchuk (; born February 26, 1974) is a former Ukrainian professional ice hockey goaltender. He was named best goaltender at the B Pool of the 1994 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships held in Bucharest, Romania. Now retired from his professional career, he focuses on coaching.
wiki:1021
Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000
Introduction
Latvia was represented by Brainstorm, with the song '"My Star", at the 2000 Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 13 May in Stockholm. "My Star" was chosen as the Latvian entry at the national final, Eirodziesma, on 26 February and marked Latvia's Eurovision debut, some years after fellow Baltic nations Estonia and Lithuania.
wiki:1022
Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000
Eirodziesma 2000
Eirodziesma was held at the studios of broadcaster LTV in Riga, hosted by Dita Torstere. Ten songs took part with the winner being chosen nominally by a mix of an "expert" jury and televoting, although the split was approximately 93:7 in favour of the jury. All songs but one were performed in English.
wiki:1023
Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000
At Eurovision
On the night of the final Brainstorm performed 21st in the running order, after Finland and before Turkey. Renārs Kaupers was the lead singer. "My Star" received 136 points (including maximum 12s from Belgium, Estonia, Finland and Norway), placing Latvia third of the 24 entries. The 12 points from the Latvian televote were awarded to contest winners Denmark.
wiki:1024
Stately Victor
Introduction
Stately Victor (foaled May 1, 2007 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He ran in the 2010 Kentucky Derby, coming in eighth. Bred by Frank Stronach's Adena Springs, he is a son of Ghostzapper, the 2004 American Horse of the Year and ranked number one in the world that year. He is out of the mare Collect The Cash, a daughter of Dynaformer, the sire of Barbaro. Owned by Thomas F. and Jack Conway (The latter is a formerAttorney General of Kentucky and once a Kentucky Democratic Party candidate for the United States Senate), Stately Victor won the Grade 1 Blue Grass Stakes at Keeneland on April 10, 2010, prior to running in the Kentucky Derby.
wiki:1025
2006 in race walking
Introduction
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 2006 in both the men's and the women's race walking distances: 20 km and 50 km (outdoor). One of the main events during this season were the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden.
wiki:1026
Canan
Introduction
Canan or Janan is a Turkish female name from Persian origin, meaning "beloved", it may refer to:
wiki:1027
Demet
Introduction
Demet is a Turkish feminine given name and is form the Greek Mytologie „Demeter“. Other variations of Demet include Demetri, Dem, Demetria, Demetra, Metra and Demi; the common diminutive form of the name is also used as a nickname for Demet.
wiki:1028
Ece
Introduction
Ece () is a Turkish word meaning queen and may refer to:
wiki:1029
Ajloun National Private University
Introduction
Ajloun National University (ANU) is located in Ajloun, Jordan. Founded in 2008.
wiki:1030
Ajloun National Private University
History
Ajloun National University (ANU) is a Jordanian private educational institution of higher education. It is located on Ajloun Irbid road, 13 km from Ajloun city and 17 km from Irbid. ANU offers 15 undergraduate programs and 2 postgraduate programs (Master). ANU is committed to achieve academic excellence and foster a research culture. It believes that a good education produces a well-rounded person who contributes to the welfare of the community. ANU was established by the Higher Education Council decision no. (1) of January 5, 2008 Classes and instruction began in October 2009. The university gets institutional and program accreditation by the Higher Education Accreditation Commission in Jordan.
wiki:1031
Ajloun National Private University
History
ANU graduated its first class in 2013. ANU is constantly growing and plans to expand its campus facilities to meet the international standards and increase the number of programs offered. Currently, the areas of the buildings exceed 15,000 square meters, in addition to more than 10,000 square meters of terraces, green areas, basketball court.
wiki:1032
Ajloun National Private University
Structure and Programs
The university consists of four faculties: Through these faculties the university offers undergraduate programs in 15 fields and two postgraduate (Master) degrees.
wiki:1033
RAF Finmere
Introduction
Royal Air Force Finmere, or more simply RAF Finmere is a former Royal Air Force station located to the south-east of Finmere and south of Tingewick, a few miles west of Buckingham. Whilst the village of Finmere is in Oxfordshire, the whole of RAF Finmere was located within the north-west corner of Buckinghamshire. It was served by the nearby Finmere railway station.
wiki:1034
RAF Finmere
Layout
RAF Finmere consisted of three concrete runways, radiating from two adjacent points in the north-west corner of the site, with twenty-seven hardstandings and two hangars (types B1 and T2).
wiki:1035
RAF Finmere
Second World War
Built by the Air Ministry in 1941-42, it was commissioned by the RAF in July 1942 as a satellite to nearby RAF Bicester, which was an all-grass airfield and proved unserviceable during wet winter periods. No. 13 Operational Training Unit RAF moved to Finmere, bringing with them Bristol Blenheim Mk1 (short-nose) and Mk4 (long-nose) bombers. By the time of the arrival in 1943 of the similarly equipped No. 307 Ferry Training Unit RAF (FTU), formed at RAF Bicester in late 1942 to train pilots to ferry aircraft to northwest Africa, No. 13 OTU had moved onto the American A-20 Boston and North American B-25 Mitchell, much heavier aeroplanes with tricycle undercarriage.
wiki:1036
RAF Finmere
Second World War
The arrival of these aircraft meant that Finmere quickly eclipsed its parent station at Bicester in terms of operational importance, as they could not land at Bicester. The arrival of No. 307 FTU also aided its pilots' conversion to the more modern types, as they had the opportunity to fly them back-to-back with their own Blenheims. There were also occasional visits from Supermarine Spitfires and Hawker Tempests from the Fighter Affiliation Flight at Bicester, training bomber crews in retaliation and avoidance of enemy fighters. 1944 saw No. 13 OTU convert to the de Havilland Mosquito: over the next years, Finmere became a major centre for Mosquito aircrew training with almost fifty airframes available, turning out thirty trained crews per month for the war in the Far East.
wiki:1037
RAF Finmere
Second World War
This was pre-empted by the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
wiki:1038
RAF Finmere
Post-war and up to the present day
After the sudden end of the Second World War, Finmere was used to store large amounts of surplus ammunition, but was emptied and closed in the summer of 1945. The hangars survive in good condition and are used for light industry/agriculture, but all other surviving buildings are in an advanced state of decay: the former control tower is surrounded by scrap metal . The main east-west runway survives in its entirety, but only half of its length (the eastern half) is in usable condition. Of the other two, less than a quarter of the length of the western runway survives, the rest now just being grass, while two-fifths of the eastern runway survives, albeit in unusable condition.
wiki:1039
RAF Finmere
Post-war and up to the present day
The bottom two-fifths are now covered by trees, with the middle fifth being laid to grass. The site became known for its Sunday market which started in 1973, which gained local notoriety for breaking Sunday trading laws. The Tingewick bypass re-routed a section of the A421 through the northern perimeter road in 1998.
wiki:1040
The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre
Introduction
The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre is a 1984 Hong Kong "wuxia" film directed by Chor Yuen and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio. The film is a spinoff of Louis Cha's novel "The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber".
wiki:1041
The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre
Plot
The film is a spin-off of the original story of "The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber". Zhang Wuji retrieves the Heaven-reliant Sword and the Dragon-slaying Saber and places them in the Ming Cult's headquarters. He carves the inscriptions from the "Nine Yang Manual" on the walls of a secret chamber and asks his godfather Xie Xun, who has become a monk, to help him guard the chamber. Zhang returns the original copy of the manual to the Shaolin Sect. Song Qingshu, a defeated villain from the original story, returns and starts a reign of terror. He traps a beautiful Mongol princess and masters a new Yin and Yang-combined martial arts technique, becoming almost invincible.
wiki:1042
The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre
Plot
Zhang Wuji has to put an end to Song Qingshu's rampage.
wiki:1043
Achroia
Introduction
Achroia is a genus of small moths of the snout moth family (Pyralidae). It belongs to the tribe Galleriini of subfamily Galleriinae. It has only one unequivocally recognized species: Others are mentioned here with doubtful validity:
wiki:1044
Esra
Introduction
Esra is a common Turkish given name for females. People named Esra include:
wiki:1045
Gifhorn Castle
Introduction
Gifhorn Castle () is a castle in Gifhorn, Germany, built between 1525 and 1581 in the Weser Renaissance style. The castle was fortified until 1790 with moats, ramparts and bastions and was never captured. In the 16th century it was the "Residenz" of the Duchy of Gifhorn under Duke Francis of Brunswick-Lüneburg for just 10 years.
wiki:1046
Gifhorn Castle
Design
This well-fortified castle was built in the shape of a trapezium. It was surrounded by ramparts and a moat up to 50 metres wide. The immediate vicinity could be flooded to create a swamp. Stone bastion towers were built on the four corners of the site. These were linked to the castle by underground rampart passages ("Wallgänge") in the form of casemates. A 45 metre long section is preserved today that led to the north bastion. Today it is used to house exhibitions for the castle museum. The original entrance to the castle was over a bridge on the narrow side of the castle moat in the southeast, that led to the gatehouse.
wiki:1047
Gifhorn Castle
Design
Today the main entrance is through the old south bastion which has been reconstructed using sections of wall arranged in a circle. The following castle buildings are grouped around the inner courtyard:
wiki:1048
Gifhorn Castle
Earlier castle
The fortified predecessor of the castle was a moated castle on a defended, artificial hill built in the angle between the rivers Aller and Ise. According to an investigation around 1900 by the pre-historian, Carl Schuchhardt, the old castle - of which nothing remains today - was built around 1000. It is mentioned for the first time in a deed of 1296 where it is called "Castrum Gifhorne". It was besieged, probably during fighting between Duke Albert the Fat and his brother, Henry the Admirable. At the end of the 13th century renovation work was carried out on the castle under the direction of Otto the Strict.
wiki:1049
Gifhorn Castle
Earlier castle
As the village of Gifhorn developed, the importance of the castle grew, both for security reasons and as a customs post on a trade route. In the 14th century it was frequently enfeoffed to, amongst others, the lord of Veltheim and the town of Brunswick. In 1396 Duke Frederick transferred the castle to his wife Anna of Saxony as a life annuity. In the 15th century other tenants followed, like the von Bülows (1467), von Alvenslebens (1470), von Quitzows (1472) and von Bodendiekes (1477). During the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud the castle and town were destroyed in 1519. Both belonged at the time to the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
wiki:1050
Gifhorn Castle
Construction
The present structure was built from 1525 as a completely new castle, not on the site of its predecessor, but on a hill on what was then the northern edge of the town of Gifhorn. It was commissioned by the Protestant dukes, Ernest the Confessor of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his brother Otto of Celle. Ernest gave the castle as a wedding present to his wife, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the occasion of their marriage in 1528. It was given to her as an annuity, under which she could use the building and its revenue. In 1539 Duke Ernest gave the castle and its surrounding "Ämter" to his youngest brother Duke Francis, who had returned from the court of the Elector of Saxony and was demanding his share of the inheritance.
wiki:1051
Gifhorn Castle
Castle history
On taking over the castle in 1539, Duke Francis was able to indulge his noble image of himself and attended to his princely representational duties unfettered. He had Gifhorn Castle expanded as his "Residenz" and led an ostentatious, courtly life. At the same time he built Fallersleben Castle as a rural aristocratic estate. Life with his more prudent brother, Ernest and the relatively modest standard of living in the small Celle "Residenz" was not enough for him. Francis engaged the fortress architect, Michael Clare, from Celle. His works dominate the appearance of Gifhorn Castle. After the death of Duke Francis in 1549 the castle ceased to be a princely "Residenz".
wiki:1052
Gifhorn Castle
Castle history
The Duchy of Gifhorn that had lasted just 10 years from 1539 to 1549 was re-absorbed into the main ducal house in Celle. The widowed duchess, Clara, had to move out of the castle rooms and take up her dowager residence at Fallersleben Castle. Thereafter Gifhorn Castle became the residence of a bailiff ("Amtmann"). Occasionally it was used as accommodation for the royal hunting parties of the Celle dukes, who came here in order to hunt in the great forests around Gifhorn. Nevertheless the castle was retained as a fortress, because it had a strategically important function for the Celle dukes on the southeastern flank of their dukedom.
wiki:1053
Gifhorn Castle
Castle history
The castle was run by a castellan ("Schlosshauptmann") and, from 1734, a seneschal ("Landdrost"). He was the fortress commander ("Festungskommandant") and, from the 16th century onwards, commanded a force of armourers ("Waffenmeister"), "Büchsenschützen" and "Landsknechten". From the time it was built the fortress withstood every attack. Enemy troops, like the Swedes, Danes, league ("Ligisten") and imperial troops in the Thirty Years War and French armies in the Seven Years' War quartered themselves in the town of Gifhorn but avoided attacking the castle. The last "Schlosshauptmann", Ulrich von Veltheim allowed the fortifications to be dismantled between 1770 and 1780, because it was no longer equal to technological advances of that time.
wiki:1054
Gifhorn Castle
Castle history
The moats were reduced to half-width and entrances were constructed at the northern and southern bastions. The fortified gatehouse was converted into a grain store. From the 18th century, district administrators ("Landräte") officiated in the castle. A fundamental renovation and redevelopment of the whole castle area took place between 1978 and 1983. Today the castle is home to the following:
wiki:1055
Filiz
Introduction
Filiz is a common feminine Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Filiz" means "Blossom" and/or "to Flower".
wiki:1056
Christina Lake Aerodrome
Introduction
Christina Lake Aerodrome, , is located near to Christina Lake, Alberta, Canada.
wiki:1057
Gamze
Introduction
Gamze () is a female Turkish given name. It denotes the dimple on someone's cheek when he or she smiles. It's considered as a feature of beauty. People named Gamze include:
wiki:1058
Hande
Introduction
Hande (from Persian خنده, meaning laugh, or laughter) is a feminine Turkish given name. Notable people with the name include: It's also a surname among Kota Brahmin.
wiki:1059
Barnes Dlamini
Introduction
Barnes Dlamini is the president of the Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions (SFTU). Barnes was unanimously elected president at the SFTU congress in 2009, after having served at its vice president for four years. Barnes is also the president of the Swaziland United Democratic Front.
wiki:1060
List of You Have Been Watching episodes
Introduction
This is a list of episodes from the comedy panel game television show "You Have Been Watching!". As of 4 August 2010, sixteen episodes have been aired across two series on Channel 4 and E4.
wiki:1061
Hülya
Introduction
Hülya is a Turkish female name. It means "daydream" in Turkish.
wiki:1062
Özge
Introduction
Özge is a common unisex Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Özge" means "Different", "Distinct", "Unique", "Ablude", and/or "Daredevil".
wiki:1063
Utuy Tatang Sontani
Introduction
Utuy Tatang Sontani (May 31, 1920 – September 17, 1979) was an Indonesian writer and university lecturer. He was born in Cianjur, West Java. In 1938 he attended an adult school in Bandung, and then became a civil servant. After the independence of Indonesia in 1945, he successively worked for National Broadcasting Station and Books Compilation & Translation Bureau. In 1959 he joined the People's Culture Association, and became a member of its central committee. He lived abroad after 1965, mainly in the Soviet Union, taught at Institute of Asian and African Countries at Moscow State University, died and was buried in Moscow.
wiki:1064
Utuy Tatang Sontani
Introduction
Utuy initially wrote in Sundanese, but under the Japanese rule during World War 2 he started writing in the Indonesian language. He preferred to write plays and short stories, and the protagonists in his works were always poor people. His first play "Suling" (1948) describes the Indonesian fight for independence. The second play "Bunga Rumah Makan" (1948) tell a story of a hotel waitress yearning for freedom and not willing to tender mercies. His historical novel "Tambera" (1948) concerns with the anti-Dutch struggle in the late 16th century and early 17th century. After the transfer of sovereignty, Utuy was quite disappointed with the social reality.
wiki:1065
Utuy Tatang Sontani
Introduction
His short story collection "Orang-orang Sial" (1951) mainly expresses tragic fate of the little people and corruption of the officialdom. The play "Awal dan Mira" (1952) reflected his disillusionment won him the first prize. His other plays comprise "Di Langit Ada Bintang" (1955), "Sang Kuriang: opera dua babak" (1955), "Si Kabajan: komedi dua babak" (1959), "Tak Pernah Mendjadi Tua" (1963), "Manusia Kota: empat buah drama" (1961) etc.
wiki:1066
Özlem
Introduction
Özlem is a common feminine Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Özlem" means "yearning" and "missing".
wiki:1067
Apricot, Washington
Introduction
Apricot is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, located between Prosser and Grandview. The community was established in 1916 and probably named Apricot "for the fine apricot land offered" by the land agent of the Yakima Irrigating and Improvement Company. The community was once a railroad siding for the Northern Pacific Railroad.
wiki:1068
Pınar
Introduction
Pınar is a common feminine Turkish given name. In Turkish, "Pınar" means "Spring" (of water), and/or "Fountain". Notable people called Pınar include:
wiki:1069
Vincent Ncongwane
Introduction
Vincent Ncongwane, born 19 April 1962, South Africa, is the former secretary general of the Swaziland United Democratic Front and the acting secretary general of the Swaziland Federation of Labour and the Swaziland Union of Financial Institutions and Allied Workers. He is also the secretary of the Labour Coordinating Council. He played a major role in the formation of the Labour Coordinating Council, which is the coordinating body of the two national labour centres (Swaziland Federation of Labour and Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions) and the stand-alone Swaziland National Teachers' Union.
wiki:1070
Concert of The Hague (1659)
Introduction
The Concert of The Hague, signed on 21 May 1659, was an outline of the common stance of England, France and the Dutch Republic regarding the Second Northern War. The powers agreed that the Swedish Empire and Denmark–Norway should settle for a peace treaty based on the Treaty of Roskilde, including free navigation through The Sound and the Baltic Sea based on the Treaty of Elbing. The subsequent Dano-Swedish Peace of Copenhagen largely followed the terms dictated by the Concert of the Hague. The concert was preceded by two Dutch interventions against Sweden in the Second Northern War, the first being the relief of Danzig (Gdansk) in 1656 that led to the treaty of Elbing, the second being the relief of Copenhagen in 1658.
wiki:1071
Concert of The Hague (1659)
Introduction
The thriving force behind the treaty was Dutch Johan De Witt, protecting Dutch interests in the Baltic Sea, and the concert agreed to have the Dutch fleet enact pressure to impose the envisioned peace terms on Denmark and Sweden. England likewise had trade interests in the Baltic Sea and was willing to protect them by force. De Witt's attempts to turn the concert into a formal alliance was only in part successful, as negotiations with France resulted in a Franco-Dutch alliance in 1662 which became important during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, but negotiations with England did not result in an alliance due to disagreements over the freedom of seas.
wiki:1072
Sibel
Introduction
Sibel is a Turkish female given name. People named "Sibel" include:
wiki:1073
Another Century's Episode: R
Introduction
, abbreviated as A.C.E.: R, is a mecha action video game developed by FromSoftware and Banpresto and published by Bandai Namco Games. The game was released for the PlayStation 3 in Japan on August 19, 2010.
wiki:1074
Another Century's Episode: R
Gameplay
A new dynamic shooting mode called Chase Mode has been added to the game. This mode is similar to arcade shooters wherein the player's machine moves on rails and leaves the targeting weapons for the player to control. Each chase mode section precedes a boss battle; the examples released so far include the battle against the Behemoth from "Full Metal Panic!" and the battle against Nora Polyansky from "Macross Zero". A new ability called Burst Attack appears in this installment. Burst attack is available to all units, and is a special charge attack that changes depending on what machine is being used.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Gameplay
This is the first title in the "A.C.E." series that allows to swap pilots between machines (excluding the Shin Getter team in ""), though only for Universal Century mecha (those from Zeta Gundam, Crossbone Gundam and Genesis of Aquarion), in which pilot changing is a major plot point and constantly used.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Plot
Rather than integrating different series into one or two unified universes like previous titles of the series, "A.C.E.: R" presents each featured series as independent timelines, with the series' main characters proceeding with their own stories before the events of the game. The main events of the game itself revolve around an original timeline again completely independent of all other featured series. In this timeline, humanity has expanded beyond the Solar system, with planet Area becoming one of those resulting colonies. But somewhere along the line the Seasons, androids originally built to help the colonists settling on Area, rebelled against their human companions.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Plot
Leading a robotic army collectively known as the Icon, the Seasons successfully wiped out the humans on planet Area, but there is one last trick up the colonists' sleeves: they made a data copy out of one of the Seasons androids and entrusted it, named Autumn-4, with genetic seeds of themselves as well as a trans-atmospheric battleship Ark Alpha. The intention was for Autumn-4 to take the gene seeds as far away from the Seasons' grip as possible so that the now-deceased colonists can be reborn on a safe world. Soon after commencement of Autumn-4's mission, however, Ark Alpha was intercepted by a fleet of Icon warships led by Winter-1, head of the Seasons.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Plot
Overwhelmed by the numerically-superior enemies and in desperation, Autumn-4 activated a device within Ark Alpha called V-Drive, which has the ability to create a blackhole-like portal to parallel universes: it worked, with Brunhilde emerging from the portal and repulsing the Icon fleet, but also unintentionally caused characters from other timelines to be transported to planet Area as well. To make the matter worse, the energy discharged by Brunhilde in the process affected Autumn-4's memory circuits and corrupted her record of the event, leaving her unable to explain to all the people who now find themselves stranded in a foreign universe as to what has transpired.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Plot
Nevertheless, feeling responsible for their plight, Autumn-4 decides to find out what happened and how to return them to their home worlds while enlisting their help in finding a way through the robotic army of the Seasons, who would shoot first and never ask questions much later.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Music
With a few exceptions, the background music is instrumental, though the game includes a BGM editor that allows for replacing music during gameplay and cutscenes with music from the PlayStation 3's hard drive. Acid Black Cherry will provide the themes for "A.C.E.: R". The opening theme is named "Re:Birth". There are two separate releases planned for this single. The first includes the title song "Re:Birth" and was released on August 18. The second release is planned for October, and includes a game edit version of "Re:Birth" as well as three additional songs that Acid Black Cherry created for Another Century's Episode R.
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Another Century's Episode: R
Reception
The game has sold up to 245,301 units and is ranked by "Famitsu" sales as #47 in its top 100 charts of 2010.
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Theatre of NOTE
Introduction
Theatre of NOTE is a theatre company located in Los Angeles, California.
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Theatre of NOTE
Description
Founded in 1981, the ensemble produces an average of four mainstage productions per year, with a focus on world, West Coast, California and Los Angeles premieres, such as their world premiere of Bertolt Brecht's adaptation of "The Duchess of Malfi" and the Los Angeles premiere of Tony Kushner's "A Bright Room Called Day", as well as Bill Robens' 2009 noir send-up, "Kill Me Deadly." NOTE has earned consistent commendation from the Los Angeles press and national acclaim from such publications as "American Theatre" magazine, as well as many others.
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Theatre of NOTE
Early history
NOTE was founded in 1981 by Kevin Carr, along with Kitty Felde, Marc Gordon, Melanie MacQueen, Heather Carr, & Ted Parks as a forum for original one-act plays (N.O.T.E. stood for “New One-Act Theatre Ensemble”), and to provide an environment for new playwrights. In 1982, following a season at the Attic Theatre, NOTE opened a black-box theatre in downtown Los Angeles, where productions such as Dennis G. Turner's "The White Pages" and Kitty Felde's "Man With No Shadow" were performed. "Shurtleff Twice Over", an evening of Michael Shurtleff one-acts, included the actress Anjelica Huston in a role. Extensive renovations to the space were carried out in 1985.
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Theatre of NOTE
Early history
In 1986, Janis Hashe became Artistic Director. During her tenure, NOTE produced premieres of Christi Taylor-Jones’ "A Horse of a Different Color" and Marc Mantell's "Apartments". Leaving downtown in 1987, NOTE co-produced "Dyeing and Other Comedies" with Camelot Productions at the Skylight Theatre in Los Feliz. As part of the 1987 Los Angeles Fringe Festival, NOTE produced Roger Gillis's "All Talk" and Jeff Sheppard's "2000 Fish" at the Powerhouse Theatre in Santa Monica. Also produced at the Powerhouse was DJ Carlile's "Carved in the Fog". Ms. Hashe was elected to NOTE's Board of Directors in 1993. Joseph Megel became Artistic Director in 1988, and NOTE co-produced deaf performing artist and mime Peter Cook's "The Flying Words Project" with Friends and Artists Theatre (FATE) in Los Feliz.
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Theatre of NOTE
Early history
A number of other shows were also presented at FATE, including the premiere of Grubb Graebner's "Arroyo Repo" and also Cheryl Slean's "Palmdale", developed at NOTE's Playwright's Workshop. In 1987, Walter Koenig directed his original one-act play "The Secret Life of Lily Langtree", with his wife Judy Leavitt directing her two one-acts, "#1 Tech Night: Hands on Demo" and "#3 Encore: Long Distance Lady", all under the umbrella title "Public Moments". In 1989, Doug Burch designed NOTE's theatre at 1705 N. Kenmore Avenue in Hollywood. In 1990, NOTE re-organized into an ensemble-managed company, electing a five-member Artistic and Management Boards.
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Theatre of NOTE
Early history
Early seasons in the Kenmore Avenue space included the productions of Paul Selig's "Moon City", Leon Martell's "Feed Them Dogs", Cheryl Slean's "Swap Night", and John O’Keefe's "Mimzibim!" Jon Tolins premiered his play "Man That Got Away" and directed Grubb Graebner's "Wanted" before taking his "Twilight of the Gold’s" to Broadway. NOTE received serious critical acclaim for its ‘91–92 season, garnering numerous Drama-Logue Awards and LA Weekly Theatre Awards and Award nominations.
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Theatre of NOTE
A new direction
One of NOTE's most ambitious pieces was Ken Roht's 1997 musical adaptation and production of Aristophanes' "The Birds." Diane Robinson filled the entire theatre with dirt for her direction of Macbeth. Two years later, in 2000, Theatre of N.O.T.E. established a policy change, reflected in the slight alteration made to company's name: dropping the periods so that the name read simply Theatre of NOTE, publicly asserting a change in focus from one-act to full-length plays. After an evening of one-acts by resident playwright Dennis Miles, presented under the banner title "For The Curious", Theatre of NOTE offered four full-length productions: "Bright Room Called Day," by Tony Kushner, "Touch," by Toni Press-Coffman, the eccentric and wildly poetic "Monstrosity," written & directed by Christopher Kelley, and a fully orchestrated musical presentation of Peter Weiss' "Marat/Sade," directed by Brad Mays, with a completely restored verse text.
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Theatre of NOTE
A new direction
From there, Theatre of NOTE began offering a mix of original and classical material, all with an eye for the untried and unusual. Shakespeare's "Richard III" and Moliere's "The Learned Ladies" were scheduled in between such pieces as "Clyt At Home," "Fucking Wasps," "Just Say No," and "Fuckjoy." In 2003 Theatre of NOTE produced the Steve Morgan Haskell play titled Fucking Wasps which followed Kinsey's life from childhood until death. Matt Sesow's paintings adorned the theatre along with David Bickford playing piano live. Written and directed by Steve Morgan Haskell, Fucking Wasps received many accolades, including a Playwriting of the Year nomination from Backstage West.
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Theatre of NOTE
A new direction
On November 22, 2002, Theatre of NOTE offered its inaugural presentation of the satirical holiday musical "A Mulholland Christmas Carol," with book, music and lyrics by Bill Robens, under the direction of Kiff Scholl. The production garnered positive reviews, and became the most financially successful production in the theatre's history (2000's production of "Marat/Sade" being the previous record-holder). For the next three years NOTE remounted the production, which continued to draw huge and enthusiastic audiences. In 2006 – and again in 2008 – the company collaborated with Sacred Fools Theater Company, moving the show into a larger space. In 2012, the musical performed at NOTE again for its 10th anniversary production.
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Theatre of NOTE
Young Writer’s Project
The Young Writer's Project is a six-year-old artistic community outreach project produced for Theatre of NOTE by Jonathan Klein. Each year four high schools are chosen to participate in a workshop-based writing experiment that culminates in the staged production of four short plays, one play representing each school.
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Theatre of NOTE
PSC
The Production Selection Committee is open to all Theatre of NOTE members. NOTE accepts solicited and unsolicited scripts all year round. Each submitted play is read and receives coverage; chosen plays go on to a voiced reading at a PSC meeting. All plays are discussed and reviewed, and those with a simple majority of support go on to either NOTEworthy (their development workshop where they work with the playwrights) or NOTEwood.
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Theatre of NOTE
NOTEworthy
NOTEworthy is Theatre of NOTE's staged reading series, established to foster relationships with playwrights as they develop new works. Playwrights chosen for this series are expected to attend a staged reading of their works-in-progress, read by Theatre of Note members, and participate in feedback with the cast and audience, giving the playwrights opportunities to make revisions based on this feedback.
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Theatre of NOTE
NOTEwood
NOTEwood is the annual staged reading series of new plays held at Theatre of NOTE. NOTEwood is the touchstone used by the company in picking its season. All readings are curated by NOTE members, and feature actors from Theatre of NOTE ensemble. The readings are free and open to the public.
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Edaravone
Introduction
Edaravone, sold as under the brand names Radicava and Radicut among others, is an intravenous medication used to help with recovery following a stroke and to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The label carries a warning about the potential for hypersensitivity reactions to edaravone, and adverse effects include bruising, gait disturbances, headache, skin inflammation, eczema, problems breathing, excess sugar in urine, and fungal skin infections. The mechanism by which edaravone might be effective is unknown. The drug is known to be an antioxidant, and oxidative stress has been hypothesized to be part of the process that kills neurons in people with ALS.
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Edaravone
Medical uses
Edaravone is used to help people recover from stroke in Japan, and is used to treat ALS in the US and Japan. It was approved for ALS in the US in 2017 based on a small randomized controlled clinical trial with people who had early-stage ALS in Japan, who were administered the drug for 6 months; it had failed two earlier trials in people with all stages of ALS. It is given by intravenous infusion. There is no data on whether it is safe for pregnant women to take, and it is unknown if edaravone is secreted in breast milk.
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Edaravone
Adverse effects
The label carries a warning about the potential for hypersensitivity reactions to edaravone. The following adverse effects in at least 2% more people given the drug than were given placebo: bruising, gait disturbances, headache, skin inflammation, eczema, problems breathing, excess sugar in urine, and fungal skin infections.
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Edaravone
Pharmacology
The mechanism by which edaravone might be effective in ALS is unknown. The drug is known to be an antioxidant, and oxidative stress has been hypothesized to be part of the process that kills neurons in people with ALS. The half-life of edaravone is 4.5 to 6 hours and the half-lives of its metabolites are 2 to 3 hours. It is metabolized to a sulfate conjugate and a glucuronide conjugate, neither of which are active. It is primarily excreted in urine as the glucuronide conjugate form.
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Edaravone
History
Researchers first developed the free radical scavenger edaravone in late 1980s as a treatment for stroke. The approach, introduced by Koji Abe, now at Okayama University Hospital in Japan, aimed to prevent the swelling of the brain which may occur after a stroke. It has been marketed in Japan by Mitsubishi Pharma for stroke since 2001 and is now generic. Mitsubishi Tanabe started a phase III clinical trial in ALS in 2011 in Japan and by June 2015, it had been approved for that use in Japan. The company had received Orphan Drug Designation for edaravone from the FDA and EU by 2016.
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