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creation of institutions |
institutions of authority |
espoused as a reaction |
precursors to anarchism |
in the ancient world |
were in China |
In China |
discussion on the legitimacy |
legitimacy of the state |
delineated by Taoist philosophers Zhuang Zhou |
Alongside Stoicism |
of anarchism |
articulated by tragedians |
in Greece |
myth of Antigone |
conflict between rules |
set by the state |
insisted on the right |
right of individual freedom |
freedom of conscience |
according to nature |
supportive of a society |
based on unofficial and friendly relations |
relations among its citizens |
without the presence |
presence of a state |
In medieval Europe |
activity except some ascetic religious movements |
to religious anarchism |
In the Sasanian Empire |
called for an egalitarian society |
abolition of monarchy |
executed by Emperor Kavad I. |
In Basra |
preached against the state |
In Europe |
interest in antiquity |
during the Renaissance |
in private judgment |
during the Reformation |
elements of anti - authoritarian secularism |
in France |
challenges to intellectual authority |
revolutions of the 1790s |
era of classical anarchism |
During the French Revolution |
as the Enrag茅s |
in the fermentation |
fermentation of anti - state and federalist sentiments |
developed throughout the 18th century |
in England |
way to individualism |
theory of mutualism |
in France |
By the late 1870s |
schools of thought |
wave of then unprecedented globalisation |
occurred from 1880 |
to 1914 |
era of classical anarchism |
lasted until the end |
end of the Spanish Civil War |
age of anarchism |
Drawing from mutualism |
known as the First International |
formed in 1864 |
member of its General Council |
After bitter disputes |
expelled from the International |
by the Marxists |
at the 1872 Hague Congress |
in the Second International |
expelled in 1896 |
by Marx 's terms |
tyrants of workers |
In response |
response to their expulsion |
expulsion from the First International |
Under the influence |
influence of Peter Kropotkin |
overlapped with collectivism |
from the 1871 Paris Commune |
advocated for free federation |
for the distribution |
distribution of goods |
according to one 's needs |
At the turn |
turn of the century |
over the world |
feature of the international syndicalism movement |
In China |
groups of students |
version of anarcho - communism |
youth from countries |
countries of the far east |
travelling to the Japanese capital |
In Latin America |
stronghold for anarcho - syndicalism |
During this time |
minority of anarchists |